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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Methods Ecol Evol. 2022 Jun 19;13(10):2181–2197. doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.13920

Table 1:

Example of how the ordering of three hypothetical traits (A, B and C) influences results in a simple two-factor model under the assumptions made by Tolkoff et al. (2017).

trait order 1: A, B, C trait order 2: B, A, C


first factor captures relationships of trait A with traits B and C captures relationships of trait B with traits A and C


second factor captures relationships between traits B and C independent of A captures relationships between traits A and C independent of B