Table 2.
Methodological details of studies included
| Study | Type of EE | Study design (N)/model (type) | Perspective | Time horizon, discount rate | Cost items | Currency, Reference year | Health outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saylan et al. (2013) [49] | CUA | Model (microsimulation) | Payer | Lifetime, 3.5% | Medications, healthcare staff and hospitalisations | Turkish lira ($/TL), 2010 | QALYs |
| Machado et al. (2007) [45] | CEA | Model (decision tree) | Payer (government) | 6 months, n/a | Medications, hospitalisations, healthcare staff and laboratory investigations | Brazilian real ($Brz), 2006 | Remission |
| Kongsakon and Bunchapattanasakda (2008) [40] | CEA | Model (decision tree) | Health care providers; societal | 6 months, n/a | Medications, healthcare staff, hospitalisations and productivity impacts | Thai baht, 2007 | Remission |
| Machado et al. (2008) [46] | CEA | Model (decision tree) | Payer (government) | 6 months, n/a | Medications, hospitalisations, healthcare staff and laboratory investigations | US dollar (US$), 2007 | Remission |
| Leelahanaj (2010) [41] | CUA | Model (decision tree) | Health care provider | 6 weeks, n/a | Medications and hospitalisations | Thai baht, 2009 | QALYs, remission |
| Wang et al. (2020) [52] | CEA | RCT (437) | Patient | 8 weeks, n/a | Medications | Chinese yuan renminbi (CN¥), 2018 | Mood symptoms (using the MADRS) and functioning (using SDS) of patients |
| Parvathy et al. (2016) [33] | CEA | Follow-up (30) | n/a | 8 weeks, n/a | Medications | Indian rupee (Rs), 2015 | Depression symptoms (measured with the HDRS) |
| Siskind et al. (2008) [44] | CUA | Model (Markov cohort) | n/a | Lifetime, 3% | Healthcare staff and intervention delivery | $Int, 2003 | QALYs |
| Strand et al. (2016) [47] | CUA | Model (mathematical population model) | Provider | 100 years, 3% | Healthcare staff, hospitalisations, intervention delivery, medications and laboratory investigations | US dollar (US$), 2013 | DALYs averted |
| Prukkanone et al. (2012) [42] | CUA | Model (microsimulation) | Health sector | 5 years, 3% | Medications, patient time and transportation costs | Thai baht, 2005 | DALYs averted |
| Bertram et al. (2021) [50] | CEA | Model (state transition model) | Health system | 100 years, 3% | Healthcare staff, intervention delivery, medications and laboratory investigations | $Int, 2010 | HLYs gained |
| Chisholm and Saxena (2012) [51] | CUA | Model (state transition model) | Health sector | 10 years, 3% | Hospitalisations, healthcare staff, medications, intervention delivery and laboratory investigations | $Int, 2005 | DALYs averted |
| Gureje et al. (2007) [48] | CUA | Model (mathematical population model) | n/a | 1 year, n/a | Healthcare staff, medications and laboratory investigations | Nigerian Naira, 2000 | DALYs averted |
| Weobong et al. (2017) [36] | CUA | RCT (495) | Health system; societal | 1 year, n/a | Healthcare staff, medications, laboratory investigations, hospitalisations, transportation costs, patient and caregiver time and productivity impacts | $Int, 2015 | QALYs |
| Nakimuli-Mpungu et al. (2020) [43] | CUA | RCT (1140) | Health care sector; payer | 1 year, n/a | Medications, healthcare staff, informal care, intervention delivery and hospitalisations | US dollar (US$), 2017 | DALYs averted |
| Buttorff et al. (2012) [31] | CEA/CUA | RCT (2796) | n/a | 1 year, n/a | Hospitalisations, healthcare staff, medications, laboratory investigations, informal care, patient and caregiver time and productivity impacts | US dollar (US$), 2009 | QALYs (based on WHO's Disability Schedule), working days lost and psychiatric symptom score |
| Fuhr et al. (2019) [32] | CEA | RCT (280) | Health system; societal | 9 months, n/a | Hospitalisations, healthcare staff, medications, laboratory investigations, intervention delivery, transportation costs, patient and caregiver time and productivity impacts | US dollar (US$), 2017 | Depressive symptoms (measured with PHQ-9) |
| Patel et al. (2017) [35] | CUA | RCT (495) | Health care system; societal | 3 months, n/a | Healthcare staff, hospitalisations, laboratory investigations, medications and productivity impacts | $Int, 2015 | QALYs |
| Hamdani et al. (2020) [38] | CEA | RCT (346) | Health system | 1 year, n/a | Hospitalisations, medications, informal care, patient and caregiver time | Pakistani rupees, 2016 |
Depression case (PHQ-9 cut-off ≥ 10) HADS Depression |
| Sikander et al. (2019) [39] | CEA | RCT (560) | Health system; societal | 6 months, n/a | Healthcare staff, medications, laboratory investigations, transportation costs, patient and caregiver time and productivity impacts | US dollar (US$), 2015 | Depressive symptoms (measured using the PHQ-9) |
| Ahmad et al. (2019) [37] | CBA | Survey (1068) | Societal | 1 year, n/a | Healthcare staff, medications, transportation costs and productivity impacts | Pakistani rupees, 2016 | Pakistani rupees, 2016 |
| Patel et al. (2003) [34] | CEA | RCT (450) | Health care; patient and family | 1 year, n/a | Medications, informal care, caregiver time, healthcare staff and productivity impacts | Indian rupee (Rs), 1999 | Psychiatric morbidity (measured using CIS-R) |
Int International dollars, CBA cost-benefit analysis, CEA cost-effectiveness analysis, CIS-R Revised Clinical Interview Schedule, CUA cost-utility analysis, DALYs disability-adjusted life-years, EE economic evaluation, HDRS Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HLYs healthy life-years, MADRS Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, N sample size of the trial, n/a not available, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, QALYs quality-adjusted life-years, QHES Quality of Health Economic Studies, RCT randomised controlled trial, SDS Sheehan Disability Scale