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. 2023 Feb 23;14:1016872. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1016872

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Copyright © 2023 Cai, Lin, Li, Liu, Feng, Zhang, Zhang, Huang and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Correlation analyses of intestinal bacterial flora, metabolites, and cytokine levels in DS and non-DS groups. (A) Heatmap of Spearman’s correlation between the key intestinal bacterial phylotypes and cytokine levels. Red indicates a positive correlation and blue indicates a negative correlation. (B) Visualization of the correlation network based on partial correlation between the key intestinal bacterial phylotypes (teal) and cytokines (pink). Red lines indicate a positive correlation and blue lines indicate a negative correlation. The thicker the line, the stronger the correlation. (C) Heatmap of Spearman’s correlation between the significantly different metabolites and cytokine levels. Red indicates a positive correlation and blue indicates a negative correlation. (D) Visualization of the correlation network based on partial correlation between the significantly different metabolites (green) and cytokines (purple). Red lines indicate a positive correlation and blue lines indicate a negative correlation. The thicker the line, the stronger the correlation. HC, non-DS volunteers (or non-DS group); DS, individuals with DS (or DS group).