Table 2.
Confirmatory factor analysis: Items and loadings.
| Construct and Scale Item | Standardized Loadinga |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Before the outbreak of COVID-19 | After the outbreak of COVID-19 | Merging before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 | |
| Perceived innovativeness | |||
| Drone food delivery services seem unique. | 0.927 | 0.929 | 0.925 |
| Drone food delivery services seem new. | 0.933 | 0.875 | 0.908 |
| Drone food delivery services seem creative. | 0.856 | 0.846 | 0.853 |
| Attitude | |||
| Unfavorable – Favorable | 0.869 | 0.901 | 0.883 |
| Bad – Good | 0.926 | 0.882 | 0.907 |
| Negative – Positive | 0.930 | 0.911 | 0.925 |
| Subjective norm | |||
| Most people who are important to me think I should use drone food delivery services when ordering food. | 0.905 | 0.912 | 0.913 |
| Most people who are important to me would want me to use drone food delivery services when ordering food. | 0.954 | 0.968 | 0.964 |
| People whose opinions I value would prefer that I use drone food delivery services when ordering food. | 0.963 | 0.970 | 0.967 |
| Perceived behavioral control | |||
| Whether or not I use drone food delivery services when ordering food is completely up to me. | 0.865 | 0.823 | 0.868 |
| I am confident that if I want, I can use drone food delivery services when ordering food. | 0.912 | 0.960 | 0.973 |
| I have resources, time, and opportunities to use drone food delivery services when ordering food. | 0.929 | 0.912 | 0.882 |
| Behavioral intentions | |||
| I will use drone food delivery services when ordering food. | 0.952 | 0.952 | 0.951 |
| I am willing to use drone food delivery services when ordering food. | 0.909 | 0.955 | 0.926 |
| I am likely to use drone food delivery services when ordering food. | 0.962 | 0.965 | 0.963 |
Goodness-of-fit statistics.
Before the outbreak of COVID-19: χ2 = 191.611, df = 80, χ2/df = 2.395, p < .001, NFI = 0.963, CFI = 0.978, TLI = 0.971, and RMSEA = .066.
After the outbreak of COVID-19: χ2 = 220.013, df = 80, χ2/df = 2.750, p < .001, NFI = 0.959, CFI = 0.973, TLI = 0.965, and RMSEA = 0.072.
Merging before and after the outbreak of COVID-19: χ2 = 286.395, df = 80, χ2/df = 3.580, p < .001, NFI = 0.973, CFI = 0.980, TLI = 0.974, and RMSEA = 0.063.
Notes 1: a All factors loadings are significant at p < .001.
Notes 2: NFI = normed fit index, IFI = incremental fit index, CFI = comparative fit index, TLI = Tucker-Lewis index, and RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation.