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Measurement-invariance models.
| Models | χ2 | df | NFI | CFI | TLI | RMSEA | Δχ2 | Full-metric invariance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 | Non-restricted model | 411.623 | 160 | 0.961 | 0.976 | 0.968 | 0.049 |
Δχ2 (15) = 24.672 p > .01 (insignificant) |
Supported |
| Full-metric invariance | 436.295 | 175 | 0.958 | 0.975 | 0.970 | 0.048 |
Notes 1: NFI = Normed Fit Index, CFI = Comparative Fit Index, TLI = Tucker-Lewis Index, and RMSEA = Root Mean Square Error of Approximation.
Notes 2: Δχ2 (15) = 30.58 and p > .01.
