Table 1.
Studies showing positive effect of protein supplementation on sarcopenia.
| Protein | Subject | Amount | Total protein intake | Duration | Exercise | Results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milk protein | Physically active older adults (67-73 years) who were training on a 4-day walking event of 30, 40, 50 km/day with low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day) | 31 g | 1.29 ± 0.28 g/kg/day | 12 weeks | - | Lean body mass ↑ Fat mass ↓ |
[15] |
| Whey protein | Prefrail and frail malnourished elderly aged 70-85 years (0.8 g/kg/day) | 9.3 g whey protein, 0.5g fat, 0.2g cocoa powder | 1.5 g/kg/day (1.2 g/kg/day: no significance) | 12 weeks | - | Appendicular skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass index, gait speed ↑ | [19] |
| Whey protein isolate (WPI) | Healthy older men (mean age 67 ±1) | 25 g WPI (including~3g leucine) twice directly after breakfast and lunch | 1.5 g/kg/day (breakfast 0.45, lunch 0.55, dinner 0.5 g/kg/day) | 12 weeks | Resistance exercise (RE) twice /week | WPI alone: gait speed ↑ RE alone: muscle strength, fat free mass, physical function ↑ No synergistic effects WPI and RE |
[16] |
| Milk protein | Mobility-limited older men and women (85±6 years) | 34 g of milk protein (17 g protein x 2 times, morning, evening) | 1.22 g/kg/day | 10 weeks | Heavy-load strength training, three times a week | Leg lean mass, thickness, knee extensor strength, functional performance ↑ | [20] |
| Milk protein | Physically active older men and women (≥65 years) | Total 36.8 g milk protein concentrate daily with 31 g protein, 1.1 g fat, 14.5 g lactose, consumed one during breakfast and one within 30 min after exercise | 1.35 g/kg/day (Daily protein intake 0.92±0.27 g/kg/day) | 12 weeks | Trained for 4 day walking event of 30, 40, 50 km/day | Lean body mass ↑ Fat mass ↓ |
[15] |
| Milk protein concentrate | Elderly >60 years | Milk protein drink (7.0 g of carbohydrate, 10.1 g of protein and 0.2 g of fat) | 1.48 g/kg/day (Daily dietary protein intake is 1.2-1.3 g/kg/day) | 6 months | Daily exercise training (low-tomoderate intensity) | Muscle mass ↑ | [21] |
| Soy protein isolate (SPI) vs. whey protein isolate (WPI) | Elderly aged 71±5 years | WPI 20, 40 g SPI 20, 40 g | WPI, SPI 20 g: 1.28 g/kg/day, WPI 40 g: 1.52 g/kg/day, SPI 40 g: 1.55 g/kg/day (Daily protein intake 1.0 g/kg/day) | 1 day | Rest or exercise Unilateral kneeextensor resistance exercise | Rest+WPI 20 g, 40 g, exercise+WPI 20 g, 40 g, exercise+SPI 40 g: myofibrillar protein fractional synthetic rate ↑ 40 g SPI was less effective than 20 g WPI |
[17] |