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. 2023 Jan 16;7(3):355–366. doi: 10.1038/s41559-022-01956-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a, Species phylogeny of vertebrates encompassing genomes stored in Ensembl v.92 with indications of the eight ancestral genomes detailed in b and the evolutionary path that they mark out. b,c, High-resolution ideograms of ancestral genome reconstructions (b) starting from the Amniota genome (5) and the descendant Boreoeutheria genome (4), where a region on the third chromosome is expanded to highlight the evolution of gene organization with respect to the Amniota genome (c). In the primate lineage (3a, 2a, 1a) only the evolution of the three Amniota chromosomes indicated by an arrow are depicted in colour, while in the Rodentia lineage (3b, 2b, 1b), the evolution of all Amniota chromosomes is shown.