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. 2023 Jan 24;11(3):e385–e413. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00007-4

Table 1.

Health spending in 2019 and 2026

Health spending per person (2021 US$)
Health spending per person (2021 purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$)
Total health spending per gross domestic product
Government health spending per person (2021 US$); 2019 Prepaid private spending per person (2021 US$); 2019 Out-of-pocket spending per person (2021 US$); 2019 Development assistance for health per person (2021 US$); 2019
2019 2026 2019 2026 2019 2026
Global
Total 1183 (1171–1195) 1366 (1345–1387) 1518 (1505–1531) 1769 (1744–1796) 9·7% (9·6–9·8) 10·2% (10·0–10·4) 708 (700–715) 254 (247–262) 215 (210–221) 6 (6–6)
World Bank income groups
High income 5938 (5876–6004) 6978 (6863–7101) 6469 (6405–6535) 7600 (7483–7725) 12·4% (12·2–12·5) 13·4% (13·1–13·6) 3682 (3645–3717) 1441 (1395–1485) 815 (785–851) ..
Upper-middle income 575 (561–590) 773 (743–807) 1085 (1062–1108) 1426 (1378–1480) 5·7% (5·6–5·9) 6·2% (5·9–6·5) 322 (309–336) 65 (59–70) 187 (180–194) 1 (1–1)
Lower-middle income 117 (114–121) 140 (136–145) 300 (291–309) 362 (349–375) 4·1% (3·9–4·2) 4·1% (4·0–4·3) 47 (45–48) 12 (11–14) 55 (53–58) 3 (3–3)
Low-income 37 (36–38) 41 (40–44) 145 (140–150) 153 (146–160) 4·9% (4·7–5·2) 5·0% (4·7–5·3) 9 (8–9) 2 (2–2) 16 (16–17) 11 (11–11)
Country
Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia 649 (642–657) 713 (700–727) 1514 (1496–1534) 1644 (1612–1680) 6·1% (6·0–6·2) 6·3% (6·2–6·5) 420 (413–426) 24 (23–26) 204 (200–207) 1 (1–1)
Albania (UM) 339 (317–363) 423 (392–458) 851 (796–911) 1063 (984–1149) 5·6% (5·2–6·0) 5·6% (5·2–6·1) 184 (163–205) 0 (0–0) 152 (142–162) 4 (4–4)
Armenia (UM) 514 (483–548) 596 (560–635) 1602 (1508–1708) 1858 (1747–1980) 10·5% (9·5–11·3) 10·5% (9·7–11·2) 64 (61–68) 9 (6–12) 434 (405–466) 7 (7–7)
Azerbaijan (UM) 206 (188–224) 217 (197–237) 605 (553–658) 637 (581–696) 3·8% (3·5–4·2) 3·8% (3·4–4·1) 61 (56–67) 0 (0–0) 144 (127–160) 1 (1–1)
Belarus (UM) 413 (386–443) 443 (411–478) 1227 (1146–1317) 1316 (1221–1420) 5·8% (5·4–6·2) 6·1% (5·6–6·6) 288 (267–311) 15 (11–20) 107 (95–122) 2 (2–2)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (UM) 579 (554–606) 757 (721–795) 1439 (1378–1508) 1881 (1792–1978) 8·9% (8·4–9·5) 9·7% (9·0–10·5) 404 (384–424) 2 (1–3) 171 (155–186) 1 (1–1)
Bulgaria (UM) 840 (806–871) 1009 (943–1070) 1862 (1788–1932) 2238 (2091–2373) 7·3% (7·0–7·6) 7·2% (6·7–7·7) 492 (468–517) 16 (10–23) 332 (312–351) 0 (0–0)
Croatia (H) 1072 (1035–1111) 1350 (1247–1462) 2100 (2027–2176) 2644 (2443–2864) 6·6% (6·3–6·8) 6·9% (6·3–7·5) 882 (845–919) 72 (63–82) 118 (107–130) NA
Czechia (H) 2117 (2061–2172) 2414 (2331–2498) 3513 (3421–3605) 4008 (3869–4146) 7·8% (7·6–8·0) 8·0% (7·7–8·3) 1732 (1681–1784) 85 (77–95) 300 (287–314) NA
Estonia (H) 1793 (1767–1820) 2210 (2108–2323) 2764 (2724–2806) 3407 (3250–3581) 6·9% (6·8–7·0) 7·1% (6·8–7·5) 1330 (1311–1348) 28 (25–32) 435 (417–452) NA
Georgia (UM) 352 (334–374) 459 (426–501) 1186 (1124–1259) 1548 (1434–1688) 7·4% (6·8–8·1) 7·4% (6·7–8·4) 141 (127–157) 37 (28–50) 158 (151–164) 16 (16–16)
Hungary (H) 1194 (1167–1222) 1464 (1407–1523) 2337 (2285–2392) 2866 (2755–2981) 6·4% (6·3–6·6) 6·5% (6·2–6·8) 818 (794–842) 47 (43–51) 329 (316–342) NA
Kazakhstan (UM) 296 (276–317) 329 (303–357) 842 (787–903) 936 (861–1017) 2·9% (2·7–3·1) 2·9% (2·7–3·2) 177 (160–194) 17 (11–24) 101 (91–112) 1 (1–1)
Kyrgyzstan (LM) 73 (64–82) 73 (64–83) 302 (265–338) 301 (265–341) 5·2% (4·6–5·8) 5·4% (4·7–6·1) 33 (27–39) 0 (0–0) 34 (28–42) 6 (6–6)
Latvia (H) 1300 (1260–1339) 1603 (1523–1682) 2193 (2126–2259) 2704 (2568–2837) 6·5% (6·3–6·7) 6·7% (6·2–7·2) 785 (755–813) 29 (22–38) 486 (459–510) NA
Lithuania (H) 1541 (1507–1572) 1924 (1852–1994) 2818 (2756–2876) 3518 (3387–3647) 6·9% (6·7–7·0) 7·1% (6·6–7·6) 1010 (980–1036) 35 (32–38) 495 (479–512) NA
Moldova (UM) 234 (217–254) 316 (290–344) 683 (631–742) 922 (845–1004) 5·6% (4·2–8·3) 5·7% (4·3–8·2) 137 (122–154) 3 (2–4) 91 (81–100) 4 (4–4)
Mongolia (LM) 195 (186–204) 239 (225–255) 553 (528–578) 677 (637–724) 4·1% (3·9–4·3) 4·5% (4·1–4·8) 108 (101–115) 6 (4–9) 62 (58–67) 19 (19–19)
Montenegro (UM) 811 (767–856) 934 (878–997) 1957 (1852–2067) 2255 (2120–2407) 8·3% (7·8–8·8) 8·6% (8·1–9·2) 483 (447–520) 7 (4–10) 318 (296–344) 2 (2–2)
North Macedonia (UM) 555 (531–579) 639 (609–667) 1487 (1423–1550) 1712 (1631–1788) 8·1% (7·8–8·5) 8·2% (7·7–8·6) 322 (301–346) 3 (2–5) 229 (223–234) 1 (1–1)
Poland (H) 1096 (1075–1116) 1400 (1351–1452) 2324 (2279–2367) 2969 (2864–3079) 6·4% (6·2–6·5) 6·7% (6·4–7·0) 783 (763–799) 89 (84–93) 225 (216–233) NA
Romania (H) 830 (807–852) 1040 (978–1101) 1908 (1856–1958) 2391 (2248–2531) 5·8% (5·6–5·9) 5·9% (5·5–6·4) 666 (645–687) 8 (7–10) 156 (152–162) NA
Russia (UM) 668 (650–688) 673 (639–712) 1690 (1644–1740) 1702 (1616–1800) 5·6% (5·4–5·8) 5·9% (5·6–6·3) 406 (389–422) 16 (11–21) 247 (238–256) 0 (0–0)
Serbia (UM) 560 (538–583) 742 (706–777) 1321 (1267–1374) 1750 (1664–1831) 6·6% (6·3–6·9) 6·8% (6·4–7·1) 331 (311–352) 12 (9–18) 212 (202–221) 5 (5–5)
Slovakia (H) 1482 (1432–1532) 1780 (1704–1860) 2494 (2410–2579) 2995 (2868–3130) 6·9% (6·7–7·2) 7·3% (6·9–7·7) 1175 (1131–1220) 31 (24–41) 276 (249–304) NA
Slovenia (H) 2434 (2373–2497) 2955 (2857–3050) 3672 (3580–3768) 4459 (4311–4602) 8·5% (8·3–8·7) 8·9% (8·6–9·3) 1761 (1704–1823) 388 (372–405) 285 (275–295) NA
Tajikistan (LM) 56 (51–60) 64 (59–70) 274 (252–298) 318 (289–347) 6·8% (6·1–7·5) 6·8% (6·0–7·5) 15 (14–16) 0 (0–0) 36 (31–41) 5 (5–5)
Turkmenistan (UM) 714 (669–762) 744 (697–793) 1227 (1150–1310) 1279 (1198–1364) 8·3% (5·7–13·6) 8·2% (5·8–13·0) 133 (119–147) 37 (28–47) 543 (504–587) 1 (1–1)
Ukraine (LM) 326 (317–336) 221 (211–231) 969 (940–997) 657 (626–686) 7·1% (6·7–7·5) 7·2% (6·2–8·3) 149 (141–157) 9 (6–13) 166 (161–170) 3 (3–3)
Uzbekistan (LM) 108 (104–112) 134 (126–142) 461 (445–480) 575 (540–608) 5·7% (5·5–6·1) 5·9% (5·5–6·4) 43 (41–45) 1 (0–1) 61 (58–65) 3 (3–3)
GBD high-income region 6531 (6463–6606) 7649 (7515–7789) 6971 (6902–7047) 8145 (8008–8285) 12·9% (12·7–13·0) 14·0% (13·7–14·2) 4025 (3985–4066) 1614 (1563–1664) 892 (859–932) NA
Andorra (H) 2805 (2669–2943) 2906 (2741–3081) 3913 (3723–4106) 4053 (3823–4298) 6·3% (6·0–6·6) 6·6% (6·2–7·1) 1931 (1796–2067) 502 (466–540) 372 (352–393) NA
Argentina (UM) 1038 (999–1079) 1145 (1075–1219) 2299 (2211–2388) 2535 (2380–2699) 9·4% (9·1–9·8) 9·8% (9·2–10·5) 644 (613–676) 106 (88–127) 286 (271–302) 2 (2–2)
Australia (H) 6421 (6293–6527) 7476 (7256–7701) 5701 (5588–5796) 6638 (6443–6838) 10·5% (10·0–11·3) 11·3% (10·5–12·2) 4566 (4480–4646) 810 (753–870) 1044 (1008–1081) NA
Austria (H) 5741 (5672–5817) 6369 (6144–6615) 6425 (6348–6510) 7128 (6876–7402) 10·4% (10·3–10·6) 11·0% (10·6–11·5) 4188 (4126–4250) 451 (430–474) 1102 (1074–1132) NA
Belgium (H) 5581 (5481–5695) 6205 (6015–6421) 6140 (6030–6265) 6827 (6617–7064) 10·7% (10·5–10·9) 11·3% (10·9–11·7) 4288 (4191–4394) 280 (268–293) 1012 (983–1039) NA
Brunei (H) 1010 (933–1084) 1136 (980–1311) 1506 (1392–1617) 1694 (1461–1955) 2·2% (2·1–2·4) 2·2% (1·9–2·6) 956 (880–1032) 0 (0–0) 54 (45–65) NA
Canada (H) 5968 (5893–6040) 6445 (6263–6623) 6073 (5998–6147) 6560 (6374–6740) 11·2% (11·0–11·3) 11·6% (11·3–12·0) 4188 (4129–4247) 890 (853–929) 890 (868–916) NA
Chile (H) 1545 (1516–1573) 1850 (1800–1900) 2568 (2521–2614) 3076 (2992–3158) 9·7% (9·5–9·9) 10·6% (9·9–11·4) 788 (769–808) 250 (239–263) 506 (492–520) NA
Cyprus (H) 1426 (1364–1492) 1658 (1575–1740) 2080 (1991–2177) 2419 (2298–2539) 5·1% (4·2–6·7) 5·5% (4·6–7·1) 719 (676–767) 188 (173–204) 519 (480–563) NA
Denmark (H) 6708 (6581–6831) 7702 (7406–8029) 6330 (6210–6447) 7269 (6989–7577) 10·0% (9·8–10·2) 10·5% (10·1–11·0) 5592 (5470–5718) 169 (162–175) 946 (925–966) NA
Finland (H) 4906 (4828–4985) 5555 (5393–5730) 4883 (4805–4961) 5529 (5367–5703) 9·2% (9·0–9·3) 9·6% (9·2–9·9) 3918 (3848–3988) 127 (119–136) 862 (837–887) NA
France (H) 4976 (4903–5047) 5528 (5392–5657) 5700 (5616–5781) 6332 (6177–6480) 11·1% (10·7–11·4) 11·7% (11·3–12·1) 3761 (3709–3810) 752 (703–805) 463 (443–485) NA
Germany (H) 5887 (5829–5941) 6628 (6471–6788) 6767 (6701–6830) 7619 (7439–7804) 11·4% (11·3–11·5) 12·0% (11·7–12·3) 4575 (4522–4630) 558 (548–568) 754 (737–770) NA
Greece (H) 1670 (1591–1761) 1913 (1821–2023) 2657 (2532–2802) 3044 (2898–3220) 8·1% (7·7–8·5) 8·2% (7·7–8·8) 828 (765–894) 247 (223–272) 595 (557–635) NA
Greenland (H) 6700 (5922–7459) 8853 (7862–9868) 6013 (5315–6694) 7945 (7056–8856) 11·1% (9·8–12·5) 12·2% (10·6–13·9) 6699 (5922–7458) 0 (0–1) 0 (0–1) NA
Iceland (H) 6528 (6297–6797) 7301 (6734–7921) 5654 (5454–5887) 6324 (5833–6860) 8·8% (8·2–9·3) 9·5% (8·4–10·6) 5403 (5179–5673) 109 (104–113) 1016 (971–1059) NA
Ireland (H) 5733 (5511–5968) 8063 (7662–8451) 6510 (6259–6777) 9157 (8702–9598) 6·8% (6·5–7·1) 7·2% (6·8–7·7) 4266 (4063–4486) 791 (730–862) 675 (630–724) NA
Israel (H) 3565 (3500–3629) 4166 (4043–4293) 3172 (3114–3230) 3707 (3598–3820) 7·0% (6·5–7·3) 7·2% (6·8–7·6) 2356 (2308–2406) 441 (421–461) 768 (734–801) NA
Italy (H) 3114 (3052–3177) 3442 (3322–3561) 4054 (3973–4136) 4481 (4325–4636) 8·6% (8·5–8·9) 9·0% (8·6–9·3) 2301 (2241–2360) 86 (82–90) 727 (707–748) NA
Japan (H) 4317 (4214–4425) 4772 (4621–4936) 4909 (4792–5033) 5427 (5255–5613) 10·7% (10·4–11·0) 11·2% (10·7–11·6) 3620 (3515–3729) 140 (136–145) 557 (544–569) NA
Luxembourg (H) 7114 (6738–7505) 7865 (7299–8429) 6862 (6499–7239) 7586 (7040–8130) 5·3% (5·0–5·6) 5·5% (5·1–5·9) 6164 (5809–6543) 230 (199–269) 720 (634–814) NA
Malta (H) 3169 (3075–3257) 3520 (3339–3694) 4715 (4575–4845) 5237 (4968–5495) 8·9% (7·9–9·6) 8·9% (8·0–10·0) 2010 (1941–2087) 71 (66–77) 1088 (1038–1139) NA
Monaco (H) 3696 (3490–3910) 3975 (3715–4258) 3821 (3607–4042) 4109 (3840–4402) 1·7% (1·5–2·0) 1·8% (1·6–2·1) 3156 (2951–3362) 261 (210–317) 279 (265–294) NA
Netherlands (H) 5956 (5831–6095) 6786 (6496–7092) 6419 (6284–6568) 7314 (7001–7643) 10·2% (9·9–10·5) 10·8% (10·3–11·3) 3917 (3818–4026) 1408 (1334–1481) 632 (594–666) NA
New Zealand (H) 4615 (4526–4711) 5269 (5110–5432) 4441 (4355–4532) 5069 (4916–5226) 9·4% (8·8–9·8) 10·0% (9·3–10·7) 3481 (3399–3567) 561 (532–589) 572 (544–602) NA
Norway (H) 9180 (8983–9407) 10650 (10210–11145) 7298 (7141–7478) 8467 (8117–8860) 10·5% (10·3–10·8) 11·2% (10·6–11·8) 7880 (7678–8106) 30 (26–34) 1270 (1225–1314) NA
Portugal (H) 2317 (2249–2389) 2578 (2439–2740) 3521 (3418–3630) 3917 (3707–4163) 9·1% (8·9–9·4) 9·4% (8·8–10·0) 1411 (1351–1469) 204 (176–235) 703 (677–730) NA
San Marino (H) 3462 (3331–3591) 3766 (3622–3922) 4478 (4309–4645) 4872 (4686–5073) 6·7% (6·5–7·0) 7·1% (6·8–7·4) 2837 (2710–2961) 37 (34–39) 589 (553–625) NA
Singapore (H) 2795 (2708–2877) 3796 (3484–4093) 4470 (4331–4601) 6071 (5573–6546) 4·2% (4·0–4·3) 4·7% (4·2–5·4) 1414 (1342–1483) 548 (514–585) 833 (798–875) NA
South Korea (H) 2674 (2632–2714) 3671 (3545–3788) 3732 (3673–3789) 5125 (4948–5287) 7·9% (7·8–8·0) 9·3% (8·9–9·7) 1590 (1556–1624) 268 (259–277) 815 (800–831) NA
Spain (H) 3019 (2957–3082) 3337 (3238–3439) 4195 (4109–4283) 4637 (4499–4779) 9·3% (9·1–9·5) 9·9% (9·5–10·3) 2129 (2071–2193) 229 (214–243) 660 (644–676) NA
Sweden (H) 6553 (6335–6778) 7328 (6984–7681) 6436 (6222–6657) 7198 (6860–7544) 10·9% (10·4–11·3) 11·4% (10·7–12·0) 5563 (5342–5788) 82 (78–85) 909 (878–939) NA
Switzerland (H) 10 407 (10 241–10 573) 11 894 (11 537–12 248) 8717 (8578–8856) 9962 (9664–10 259) 11·1% (10·9–11·3) 12·2% (11·8–12·5) 3319 (3251–3393) 4378 (4251–4492) 2710 (2611–2808) NA
UK (H) 4892 (4834–4951) 5349 (5207–5484) 5221 (5159–5285) 5709 (5557–5854) 10·0% (9·9–10·2) 10·5% (10·2–10·8) 3888 (3837–3940) 170 (163–179) 833 (799–868) NA
USA (H) 11 583 (11 373–11 828) 13 821 (13 398–14 300) 11 583 (11 373–11 828) 13 821 (13 398–14 300) 16·9% (16·6–17·3) 18·6% (17·9–19·3) 5887 (5769–6009) 4386 (4218–4553) 1310 (1201–1449) NA
Uruguay (H) 1547 (1529–1566) 1764 (1665–1870) 2238 (2211–2265) 2551 (2408–2704) 9·1% (8·7–9·8) 9·6% (8·8–10·5) 1111 (1096–1126) 178 (170–187) 259 (252–264) NA
Latin America and Caribbean 563 (547–580) 626 (606–647) 1198 (1164–1234) 1342 (1300–1387) 7·2% (7·0–7·4) 7·7% (7·5–8·0) 289 (277–300) 110 (101–118) 163 (156–170) 2 (2–2)
Antigua and Barbuda (H) 885 (844–926) 880 (825–931) 1182 (1127–1238) 1176 (1103–1244) 4·9% (4·7–5·1) 5·1% (4·8–5·4) 522 (484–561) 147 (141–153) 216 (194–238) NA
Barbados (H) 1161 (1105–1217) 1197 (1135–1259) 1017 (967–1065) 1047 (994–1102) 6·0% (5·7–6·3) 5·9% (5·4–6·3) 520 (474–568) 90 (85–95) 552 (527–578) NA
Belize (UM) 284 (267–301) 273 (248–298) 443 (417–469) 426 (386–465) 5·7% (5·3–6·2) 6·0% (5·3–6·7) 195 (178–211) 15 (13–18) 62 (59–65) 12 (12–12)
Bermuda (H) 8602 (7363–9879) 10 906 (9269–12 638) 5956 (5098–6840) 7551 (6418–8751) 6·7% (5·2–9·2) 7·7% (5·6–10·8) 2427 (2072–2795) 5312 (4155–6563) 862 (672–1090) NA
Bolivia (LM) 249 (240–257) 269 (254–283) 668 (646–691) 722 (684–761) 7·0% (6·7–7·2) 7·3% (6·9–7·8) 174 (168–180) 10 (6–14) 57 (52–61) 8 (8–8)
Brazil (UM) 683 (646–720) 778 (733–823) 1460 (1380–1538) 1662 (1567–1758) 9·0% (8·5–9·5) 9·8% (9·2–10·4) 289 (262–317) 222 (201–243) 172 (158–186) 1 (1–1)
Colombia (UM) 490 (470–512) 629 (593–668) 1305 (1251–1363) 1675 (1580–1778) 8·0% (7·7–8·4) 8·9% (8·4–9·5) 352 (334–374) 65 (59–70) 73 (66–81) 0 (0–0)
Costa Rica (UM) 994 (958–1038) 1272 (1217–1339) 1805 (1738–1884) 2308 (2210–2430) 8·1% (7·8–8·4) 9·3% (8·8–9·8) 715 (678–749) 52 (40–66) 214 (196–232) 14 (14–14)
Cuba (UM) 1357 (1272–1440) 1513 (1409–1616) 2948 (2763–3127) 3287 (3060–3509) 12·0% (10·9–13·2) 13·2% (12·0–14·7) 1211 (1128–1294) 0 (0–0) 145 (138–152) 1 (1–1)
Dominica (UM) 467 (444–491) 517 (481–558) 780 (741–819) 862 (802–931) 5·5% (5·3–5·8) 5·7% (5·2–6·2) 285 (266–302) 6 (4–8) 149 (134–166) 28 (28–28)
Dominican Republic (UM) 492 (464–520) 636 (584–689) 1181 (1115–1250) 1528 (1403–1655) 5·8% (5·4–6·2) 6·1% (5·5–6·7) 221 (204–239) 52 (39–67) 215 (196–234) 3 (3–3)
Ecuador (UM) 492 (461–524) 527 (481–571) 967 (905–1029) 1035 (945–1122) 7·7% (7·2–8·2) 8·2% (7·6–8·9) 305 (283–328) 34 (24–46) 152 (136–172) 1 (1–1)
El Salvador (LM) 311 (294–329) 356 (334–380) 695 (659–736) 798 (748–850) 7·2% (6·8–7·6) 7·6% (7·1–8·0) 196 (187–205) 23 (16–31) 89 (77–102) 3 (3–3)
Grenada (UM) 604 (573–634) 621 (587–653) 1024 (971–1075) 1052 (995–1108) 5·5% (5·2–5·8) 5·5% (5·2–5·8) 230 (209–254) 23 (18–28) 312 (288–333) 39 (39–39)
Guatemala (UM) 323 (313–334) 366 (349–383) 633 (613–654) 717 (684–751) 7·0% (6·5–7·4) 7·2% (6·7–7·7) 122 (116–126) 18 (12–25) 181 (175–188) 3 (3–3)
Guyana (UM) 285 (276–295) 1063 (982–1155) 724 (701–751) 2703 (2498–2936) 4·7% (4·3–5·3) 4·8% (3·8–5·8) 170 (166–175) 9 (6–13) 95 (88–102) 11 (11–11)
Haiti (LM) 60 (56–64) 60 (56–65) 102 (96–110) 103 (96–112) 3·1% (2·9–3·3) 3·3% (3·0–3·6) 9 (7–11) 4 (3–6) 35 (31–38) 12 (12–12)
Honduras (LM) 199 (182–217) 220 (200–241) 443 (406–484) 491 (446–537) 7·0% (6·5–7·7) 7·2% (6·5–7·9) 79 (72–88) 12 (8–16) 106 (93–121) 2 (2–2)
Jamaica (UM) 356 (339–373) 403 (364–439) 699 (665–733) 791 (715–861) 6·3% (5·8–6·8) 6·9% (6·2–7·6) 232 (217–248) 59 (56–61) 58 (52–65) 8 (8–8)
Mexico (UM) 580 (549–617) 594 (556–638) 1194 (1130–1270) 1224 (1146–1313) 5·5% (5·2–5·8) 5·6% (5·2–6·0) 288 (266–308) 49 (38–61) 243 (223–265) 0 (0–0)
Nicaragua (LM) 179 (175–183) 212 (203–222) 532 (521–544) 631 (602–659) 8·9% (8·7–9·1) 9·3% (8·7–9·8) 105 (102–109) 3 (3–4) 58 (57–60) 12 (12–12)
Panama (H) 1208 (1178–1236) 1393 (1323–1467) 2638 (2573–2699) 3042 (2888–3203) 7·6% (7·4–7·8) 8·1% (7·5–8·5) 793 (763–821) 77 (73–81) 338 (333–343) NA
Paraguay (UM) 365 (341–394) 457 (424–495) 961 (898–1038) 1204 (1119–1304) 7·0% (6·5–7·5) 7·8% (7·2–8·5) 168 (151–185) 43 (32–57) 152 (137–169) 2 (2–2)
Peru (UM) 333 (309–357) 376 (346–406) 696 (647–745) 785 (723–849) 4·9% (4·5–5·3) 5·0% (4·6–5·5) 208 (192–226) 30 (22–41) 94 (82–109) 1 (1–1)
Puerto Rico (H) 1199 (1055–1370) 1388 (1217–1584) 1332 (1172–1522) 1542 (1352–1760) 3·4% (2·9–4·0) 3·7% (3·1–4·3) 894 (768–1043) 48 (32–70) 258 (198–334) NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis (H) 1005 (957–1053) 998 (937–1058) 1457 (1387–1526) 1447 (1358–1533) 4·9% (4·4–5·4) 4·9% (4·5–5·4) 481 (453–511) 48 (42–53) 477 (438–518) NA
Saint Lucia (UM) 538 (518–560) 561 (523–598) 787 (757–819) 820 (764–874) 4·7% (4·5–4·9) 4·9% (4·6–5·2) 244 (238–250) 28 (26–30) 250 (231–270) 16 (16–16)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (UM) 374 (349–397) 456 (421–489) 661 (617–701) 804 (744–864) 4·6% (4·2–5·2) 5·0% (4·5–5·5) 236 (216–255) 11 (7–16) 102 (88–116) 26 (26–26)
Suriname (UM) 517 (487–550) 464 (427–504) 1787 (1683–1902) 1603 (1475–1741) 8·8% (8·1–9·7) 9·2% (8·3–10·3) 364 (336–396) 57 (48–68) 91 (84–100) 5 (5–5)
The Bahamas (H) 1940 (1882–2003) 2127 (2037–2228) 2452 (2380–2532) 2689 (2575–2817) 6·1% (5·8–6·3) 6·8% (6·4–7·2) 1020 (968–1072) 412 (387–437) 507 (492–523) NA
Trinidad and Tobago (H) 1152 (1098–1207) 1193 (1118–1271) 2031 (1937–2128) 2103 (1972–2241) 6·9% (6·5–7·2) 7·0% (6·5–7·5) 550 (513–586) 79 (73–86) 522 (483–561) NA
Venezuela (UM) 243 (220–270) 196 (171–222) 368 (333–409) 297 (259–337) 5·2% (4·0–6·9) 5·8% (4·6–7·3) 117 (102–137) 70 (56–87) 56 (46–66) 0 (0–0)
Virgin Islands (H) 1390 (1175–1658) 1585 (1329–1914) 1390 (1175–1658) 1585 (1329–1914) 3·4% (2·8–4·1) 3·7% (3·0–4·6) 1034 (836–1270) 52 (34–77) 304 (239–396) NA
North Africa and Middle East 448 (437–460) 524 (508–540) 963 (944–983) 1130 (1098–1163) 5·5% (5·3–5·6) 5·9% (5·7–6·2) 253 (245–261) 55 (51–59) 138 (132–145) 2 (2–2)
Afghanistan (L) 84 (79–89) 78 (73–83) 340 (321–362) 315 (296–336) 14·1% (11·4–16·6) 13·7% (11·3–16·1) 5 (4–5) 0 (0–0) 68 (64–74) 11 (11–11)
Algeria (LM) 246 (228–266) 253 (231–277) 803 (747–870) 826 (757–905) 6·4% (5·9–6·9) 6·7% (6·1–7·3) 161 (146–178) 4 (2–5) 80 (68–93) 0 (0–0)
Bahrain (H) 1118 (1060–1176) 1179 (1101–1257) 2285 (2167–2404) 2409 (2250–2568) 4·5% (4·0–4·8) 4·7% (4·1–5·3) 661 (614–706) 125 (113–138) 332 (305–362) NA
Egypt (LM) 179 (162–196) 214 (193–234) 617 (559–674) 737 (666–806) 5·0% (4·3–5·6) 5·0% (4·3–5·6) 51 (43–60) 17 (12–23) 109 (95–123) 2 (2–2)
Iran (LM) 1082 (1018–1144) 1293 (1209–1368) 1090 (1026–1153) 1303 (1218–1378) 6·7% (6·3–7·1) 7·3% (6·8–7·7) 518 (475–564) 154 (131–182) 409 (371–453) 0 (0–0)
Iraq (UM) 250 (230–273) 242 (211–279) 526 (483–574) 509 (443–586) 4·2% (3·8–4·6) 4·3% (3·7–5·0) 113 (96–129) 0 (0–0) 136 (121–151) 1 (1–1)
Jordan (UM) 309 (286–339) 360 (330–398) 767 (709–840) 893 (817–988) 6·9% (6·4–7·6) 7·2% (6·5–7·9) 153 (136–171) 49 (38–63) 97 (84–110) 9 (9–9)
Kuwait (H) 1844 (1726–1978) 2064 (1794–2377) 2901 (2715–3112) 3246 (2822–3739) 5·5% (4·9–6·3) 6·1% (5·2–7·2) 1609 (1494–1745) 22 (20–25) 213 (193–232) NA
Lebanon (LM) 562 (534–588) 462 (430–497) 1572 (1495–1646) 1293 (1202–1390) 10·1% (9·6–10·6) 10·8% (9·7–12·3) 276 (257–297) 94 (87–100) 188 (174–204) 4 (4–4)
Libya (UM) 294 (254–339) 380 (313–459) 1028 (888–1184) 1326 (1094–1605) 5·0% (3·1–8·0) 4·9% (3·4–7·4) 208 (172–249) 8 (5–11) 76 (61–96) 1 (1–1)
Morocco (LM) 189 (172–208) 222 (201–245) 444 (404–488) 520 (471–574) 5·1% (4·6–5·7) 5·6% (5·0–6·2) 78 (66–91) 17 (12–25) 91 (79–104) 3 (3–3)
Oman (H) 817 (759–878) 839 (744–946) 1441 (1338–1548) 1480 (1312–1668) 4·5% (3·9–5·1) 4·6% (4·0–5·2) 711 (654–772) 54 (50–59) 52 (48–57) NA
Palestine (LM) 410 (374–442) 422 (385–458) 208 (189–224) 214 (195–232) 10·5% (9·4–11·6) 11·0% (9·9–12·2) 164 (148–185) 65 (49–83) 171 (151–195) 9 (9–9)
Qatar (H) 1938 (1808–2099) 2885 (2352–3487) 2957 (2759–3204) 4403 (3590–5322) 3·0% (2·8–3·2) 3·9% (3·2–4·9) 1430 (1293–1581) 284 (259–308) 223 (196–253) NA
Saudi Arabia (H) 1362 (1287–1441) 1654 (1494–1821) 2862 (2703–3026) 3475 (3139–3825) 5·5% (5·2–5·9) 6·4% (5·8–7·0) 958 (885–1028) 189 (169–210) 216 (201–229) NA
Sudan (L) 47 (42–52) 49 (44–56) 258 (231–290) 273 (244–310) 4·7% (3·3–6·4) 5·0% (3·6–6·5) 10 (9–11) 2 (1–2) 31 (26–37) 4 (4–4)
Syria (L) 31 (27–34) 31 (28–35) 1372 (1207–1543) 1399 (1236–1582) 2·7% (2·3–3·2) 2·9% (2·5–3·4) 14 (11–17) 1 (0–1) 14 (11–17) 2 (2–2)
Tunisia (LM) 279 (268–292) 301 (286–315) 826 (791–862) 888 (845–931) 6·7% (6·3–7·2) 7·0% (6·6–7·4) 158 (152–165) 13 (11–16) 106 (97–115) 1 (1–1)
Turkey (UM) 378 (358–398) 519 (483–554) 1377 (1307–1451) 1893 (1762–2022) 4·4% (4·2–4·6) 4·9% (4·6–5·3) 292 (273–310) 20 (14–28) 64 (61–66) 1 (1–1)
United Arab Emirates (H) 1983 (1906–2057) 2290 (2131–2461) 3401 (3269–3529) 3928 (3656–4221) 4·5% (4·3–4·7) 4·9% (4·5–5·3) 1042 (982–1107) 693 (666–723) 247 (213–284) NA
Yemen (L) 34 (29–39) 38 (33–44) 94 (82–108) 107 (92–121) 4·8% (3·5–7·2) 5·3% (4·2–6·9) 4 (3–5) 0 (0–0) 24 (19–29) 6 (6–6)
South Asia 64 (59–69) 85 (79–91) 206 (192–221) 273 (253–292) 3·0% (2·8–3·2) 3·1% (2·8–3·3) 20 (18–22) 7 (5–9) 36 (33–40) 1 (1–1)
Bangladesh (LM) 50 (46–55) 69 (63–76) 130 (118–142) 179 (162–196) 2·5% (2·3–2·8) 2·5% (2·2–2·8) 9 (8–11) 1 (1–2) 37 (32–41) 3 (3–3)
Bhutan (LM) 126 (115–139) 137 (124–152) 467 (428–515) 509 (459–562) 3·6% (3·3–4·0) 3·6% (3·2–4·0) 84 (75–96) 2 (1–2) 18 (14–23) 22 (22–22)
India (LM) 69 (64–75) 93 (86–102) 223 (205–243) 300 (276–327) 3·0% (2·7–3·3) 3·1% (2·8–3·4) 22 (20–25) 8 (6–11) 39 (34–44) 1 (1–1)
Nepal (LM) 52 (46–58) 57 (51–65) 187 (166–211) 207 (183–234) 4·4% (3·8–4·9) 4·3% (3·7–5·0) 12 (11–14) 3 (2–5) 30 (24–37) 6 (6–6)
Pakistan (LM) 42 (35–49) 49 (41–57) 161 (135–189) 187 (158–219) 2·9% (2·4–3·5) 3·1% (2·5–3·7) 13 (11–16) 3 (2–4) 24 (18–30) 2 (2–2)
Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania 460 (445–478) 674 (640–714) 791 (767–819) 1147 (1094–1210) 5·0% (4·9–5·3) 5·6% (5·3–6·0) 259 (245–274) 41 (35–47) 160 (152–168) 1 (1–1)
American Samoa (UM) 623 (519–730) 697 (583–817) 623 (519–730) 697 (583–817) 4·9% (4·0–5·9) 5·0% (4·0–6·1) 479 (385–582) 21 (14–31) 124 (93–159) 0 (0–0)
Cambodia (LM) 104 (98–111) 123 (116–132) 313 (293–333) 370 (347–395) 6·4% (5·8–6·9) 6·3% (5·7–6·8) 26 (22–31) 4 (3–6) 67 (62–71) 8 (8–8)
China (UM) 594 (570–621) 901 (847–964) 925 (888–968) 1404 (1320–1503) 5·3% (5·0–5·6) 5·9% (5·5–6·3) 334 (312–357) 50 (41–60) 210 (198–221) 0 (0–0)
Cook Islands (H) 815 (750–881) 750 (661–847) 996 (916–1076) 917 (808–1035) 3·4% (3·1–3·7) 3·3% (2·9–3·8) 689 (623–756) 5 (3–6) 51 (46–56) NA
Federated States of Micronesia (LM) 176 (163–190) 161 (142–181) 157 (146–170) 144 (127–161) 4·6% (4·1–5·0) 4·2% (3·6–4·8) 143 (130–157) 0 (0–0) 11 (9–12) 22 (22–22)
Fiji (UM) 228 (211–245) 253 (230–280) 533 (493–574) 593 (539–656) 3·8% (3·3–4·2) 4·2% (3·7–4·8) 149 (136–165) 37 (31–42) 30 (28–34) 11 (11–11)
Guam (H) 931 (795–1098) 926 (794–1088) 931 (795–1098) 926 (794–1088) 2·3% (1·9–2·7) 2·4% (2·0–3·0) 618 (489–772) 57 (36–87) 256 (197–325) NA
Indonesia (LM) 125 (119–131) 163 (150–175) 375 (357–393) 491 (452–528) 2·9% (2·7–3·0) 3·1% (2·9–3·3) 61 (58–65) 19 (17–21) 43 (40–47) 1 (1–1)
Kiribati (LM) 244 (226–264) 224 (199–250) 292 (270–316) 268 (238–299) 14·0% (13·0–15·2) 12·9% (11·5–14·5) 154 (139–169) 7 (6–9) 49 (38–64) 34 (34–34)
Laos (LM) 62 (56–67) 70 (63–76) 208 (190–227) 235 (214–258) 2·4% (2·2–2·7) 2·4% (2·2–2·7) 22 (18–27) 0 (0–0) 28 (25–31) 11 (11–11)
Malaysia (UM) 475 (452–498) 585 (553–621) 1237 (1177–1297) 1523 (1439–1617) 4·0% (3·8–4·2) 4·4% (4·1–4·7) 247 (231–266) 65 (53–82) 163 (158–168) 0 (0–0)
Maldives (UM) 976 (909–1058) 1212 (1102–1326) 1944 (1810–2106) 2413 (2194–2641) 7·9% (5·9–9·5) 8·6% (7·0–10·2) 757 (689–833) 40 (29–53) 171 (151–193) 8 (8–8)
Marshall Islands (UM) 658 (630–690) 628 (568–695) 574 (550–603) 548 (496–607) 14·6% (13·5–15·6) 13·6% (12·2–15·1) 332 (307–362) 31 (22–42) 91 (82–100) 203 (203–203)
Mauritius (UM) 612 (597–628) 694 (666–723) 1554 (1515–1595) 1762 (1690–1835) 6·2% (6·0–6·4) 6·5% (6·2–6·8) 288 (277–300) 42 (40–45) 282 (271–294) 0 (0–0)
Myanmar (LM) 65 (56–76) 61 (52–70) 239 (205–278) 221 (191–257) 4·4% (3·7–5·2) 4·7% (4·0–5·7) 11 (9–13) 0 (0–0) 51 (42–61) 4 (4–4)
Nauru (H) 1311 (1214–1412) 1205 (1057–1384) 1329 (1231–1432) 1222 (1072–1404) 10·2% (6·0–15·1) 8·9% (5·4–13·6) 1032 (950–1128) 92 (76–110) 186 (146–238) NA
Niue (H) 2642 (2370–2932) 1704 (1355–2152) 1917 (1720–2128) 1237 (983–1562) 12·5% (10·9–14·6) 6·8% (5·2–8·7) 1355 (1088–1645) 62 (39–93) 231 (177–298) NA
North Korea (L) 39 (33–46) 40 (34–47) 23 (20–27) 24 (20–28) 5·7% (4·7–6·9) 5·9% (4·7–7·2) 23 (18–28) 1 (0–1) 15 (12–20) 0 (0–0)
Northern Mariana Islands (H) 451 (378–528) 452 (375–550) 451 (378–528) 452 (375–550) 2·1% (1·7–2·6) 2·5% (2·0–3·2) 288 (226–352) 24 (16–38) 139 (103–183) NA
Palau (UM) 1885 (1804–1965) 2200 (2035–2383) 1855 (1776–1934) 2166 (2003–2346) 11·6% (10·9–12·3) 13·5% (12·4–14·6) 1179 (1103–1261) 414 (389–441) 291 (277–304) 0 (0–0)
Papua New Guinea (LM) 71 (67–76) 74 (67–81) 93 (88–99) 97 (88–106) 2·3% (2·1–2·4) 2·3% (2·1–2·6) 46 (42–50) 0 (0–0) 6 (5–7) 19 (19–19)
Philippines (LM) 156 (140–173) 194 (173–214) 401 (359–443) 498 (445–549) 4·1% (3·7–4·5) 4·4% (3·9–4·9) 61 (52–71) 18 (12–24) 76 (64–88) 2 (2–2)
Samoa (LM) 274 (257–293) 266 (246–289) 391 (366–418) 379 (350–412) 6·1% (5·6–6·5) 6·2% (5·7–6·7) 189 (173–206) 2 (1–3) 27 (22–34) 56 (56–56)
Seychelles (H) 695 (672–718) 845 (778–914) 1490 (1440–1539) 1811 (1667–1959) 4·7% (4·4–5·0) 5·0% (4·5–5·7) 509 (496–523) 12 (10–14) 174 (156–194) NA
Solomon Islands (LM) 114 (106–124) 124 (101–153) 119 (110–128) 129 (104–159) 4·5% (4·2–4·9) 5·3% (4·1–6·5) 80 (71–89) 0 (0–0) 4 (3–4) 31 (31–31)
Sri Lanka (LM) 154 (140–169) 148 (134–164) 584 (531–640) 563 (509–623) 4·0% (3·6–4·4) 4·2% (3·8–4·7) 70 (63–78) 10 (6–14) 71 (59–83) 3 (3–3)
Taiwan (province of China) (H) 1556 (1468–1652) 2161 (2028–2309) 2880 (2717–3058) 4002 (3754–4274) 5·1% (4·8–5·5) 5·7% (5·3–6·2) 1196 (1148–1243) 58 (38–85) 302 (234–386) NA
Thailand (UM) 310 (304–315) 398 (384–414) 811 (797–825) 1043 (1005–1085) 4·0% (3·9–4·1) 4·7% (4·5–4·9) 220 (216–223) 60 (58–62) 30 (26–33) 1 (1–1)
Timor-Leste (LM) 117 (106–131) 127 (110–150) 193 (174–216) 209 (181–246) 5·1% (4·6–5·7) 4·9% (4·2–5·7) 80 (70–93) 6 (4–10) 11 (9–15) 19 (19–19)
Tokelau (UM) 2055 (1865–2255) 2133 (1885–2404) 2684 (2436–2945) 2786 (2462–3139) 22·9% (20·6–25·5) 19·6% (17·2–22·2) 743 (598–914) 63 (41–93) 383 (289–495) 867 (867–867)
Tonga (UM) 209 (200–218) 214 (201–226) 270 (259–283) 277 (261–293) 4·2% (4·0–4·5) 4·1% (3·7–4·6) 140 (134–146) 9 (7–12) 25 (20–31) 35 (35–35)
Tuvalu (UM) 969 (928–1004) 1209 (1034–1432) 885 (848–918) 1105 (945–1308) 18·5% (16·9–19·9) 19·4% (16·2–22·9) 755 (719–788) 0 (0–0) 84 (64–106) 130 (130–130)
Vanuatu (LM) 106 (95–118) 92 (76–113) 94 (85–105) 82 (68–101) 3·0% (2·7–3·4) 2·9% (2·3–3·6) 66 (55–78) 4 (3–6) 10 (8–12) 25 (25–25)
Vietnam (LM) 180 (162–200) 254 (225–287) 558 (501–618) 788 (698–888) 5·5% (4·4–7·2) 5·8% (4·7–7·5) 80 (69–93) 20 (13–28) 79 (66–93) 2 (2–2)
Sub-Saharan Africa 82 (80–83) 86 (83–89) 193 (188–197) 205 (198–212) 4·8% (4·6–5·0) 4·9% (4·7–5·1) 33 (32–34) 15 (14–16) 23 (22–24) 10 (10–10)
Angola (LM) 68 (60–78) 66 (57–75) 203 (179–230) 195 (170–222) 2·7% (2·3–3·1) 2·8% (2·4–3·3) 29 (23–34) 12 (8–17) 24 (19–30) 3 (3–3)
Benin (LM) 33 (29–37) 38 (34–43) 89 (79–99) 103 (91–117) 2·4% (2·2–2·7) 2·4% (2·1–2·7) 7 (6–8) 2 (1–3) 14 (11–18) 11 (11–11)
Botswana (UM) 503 (474–534) 559 (511–608) 1205 (1134–1280) 1340 (1225–1456) 6·5% (6·1–7·0) 6·7% (6·2–7·4) 389 (364–415) 67 (52–84) 15 (14–17) 32 (32–32)
Burkina Faso (L) 49 (46–52) 57 (53–62) 137 (128–145) 158 (146–171) 5·7% (5·4–6·1) 5·8% (5·3–6·2) 19 (17–22) 3 (2–5) 15 (14–16) 12 (12–12)
Burundi (L) 32 (30–34) 36 (32–42) 93 (88–99) 106 (93–123) 10·7% (9·2–12·0) 12·0% (9·9–14·4) 7 (6–8) 4 (3–5) 5 (5–6) 16 (16–16)
Cameroon (LM) 50 (48–53) 58 (55–62) 124 (118–130) 144 (135–153) 3·0% (2·9–3·2) 3·2% (3·0–3·5) 3 (2–3) 5 (3–6) 36 (34–39) 7 (7–7)
Cape Verde (LM) 231 (217–248) 262 (234–291) 468 (439–502) 530 (475–589) 5·9% (5·6–6·4) 6·3% (5·6–6·9) 127 (112–143) 5 (4–7) 50 (48–53) 49 (49–49)
Central African Republic (L) 43 (41–45) 47 (42–52) 83 (79–87) 91 (82–101) 8·0% (7·6–8·3) 8·2% (7·4–9·1) 4 (3–4) 0 (0–1) 21 (19–23) 17 (17–17)
Chad (L) 34 (32–36) 33 (30–35) 77 (73–81) 75 (70–80) 4·3% (4·0–4·7) 4·4% (4·0–4·8) 5 (5–6) 2 (1–2) 19 (17–21) 7 (7–7)
Comoros (LM) 108 (105–112) 147 (135–165) 244 (235–251) 332 (303–372) 7·1% (6·2–7·8) 9·4% (7·8–11·1) 13 (11–16) 4 (3–6) 58 (55–61) 33 (33–33)
Congo (Brazzaville) (LM) 60 (53–67) 59 (50–67) 96 (86–107) 95 (81–108) 2·1% (1·8–2·5) 2·4% (2·0–2·8) 21 (18–25) 4 (3–6) 26 (21–32) 8 (8–8)
Côte d'Ivoire (LM) 78 (70–86) 104 (93–116) 184 (166–203) 245 (221–274) 3·1% (2·8–3·5) 3·4% (3·0–3·8) 23 (22–24) 16 (10–23) 30 (25–35) 9 (9–9)
DR Congo (L) 25 (24–27) 29 (26–32) 50 (48–53) 57 (52–64) 4·2% (4·0–4·4) 4·1% (3·7–4·6) 3 (3–4) 2 (1–2) 9 (8–10) 12 (12–12)
Djibouti (LM) 60 (59–62) 72 (66–78) 104 (101–107) 124 (114–134) 1·7% (1·7–1·8) 1·7% (1·5–1·8) 28 (27–29) 1 (1–1) 13 (12–15) 18 (18–18)
Equatorial Guinea (UM) 306 (277–338) 241 (218–268) 608 (551–672) 480 (434–533) 3·0% (2·7–3·3) 3·3% (2·9–3·9) 58 (52–64) 7 (6–10) 228 (198–261) 12 (12–12)
Eritrea (L) 16 (14–18) 21 (18–24) 49 (44–55) 64 (56–73) 2·5% (2·3–2·8) 3·1% (2·7–3·5) 3 (2–3) 0 (0–0) 7 (5–8) 7 (7–7)
Eswatini (LM) 282 (269–296) 356 (318–399) 665 (636–700) 840 (752–941) 6·9% (6·6–7·4) 8·3% (7·3–9·3) 138 (131–146) 37 (28–48) 29 (23–36) 77 (77–77)
Ethiopia (L) 25 (24–27) 31 (29–33) 80 (75–85) 98 (91–106) 3·1% (2·6–3·5) 2·9% (2·5–3·4) 7 (6–8) 2 (1–3) 10 (9–11) 7 (7–7)
Gabon (UM) 335 (317–355) 395 (372–419) 618 (585–655) 728 (686–772) 3·7% (3·5–4·0) 4·2% (3·8–4·6) 186 (171–200) 48 (46–50) 71 (59–84) 31 (31–31)
Ghana (LM) 76 (71–81) 90 (84–97) 193 (181–206) 229 (213–246) 3·6% (2·9–4·8) 3·6% (3·0–4·6) 30 (27–34) 9 (9–10) 28 (25–32) 8 (8–8)
Guinea (L) 52 (45–60) 67 (57–78) 117 (102–135) 152 (130–177) 3·9% (3·2–5·0) 4·2% (3·4–5·1) 8 (7–10) 4 (3–6) 31 (24–38) 8 (8–8)
Guinea-Bissau (L) 68 (63–72) 80 (74–87) 199 (185–213) 236 (217–254) 8·4% (7·4–9·5) 9·1% (7·7–10·5) 4 (3–5) 2 (1–3) 39 (34–43) 23 (23–23)
Kenya (LM) 91 (83–100) 113 (102–125) 227 (207–250) 283 (255–314) 4·4% (3·9–5·0) 4·7% (4·1–5·4) 40 (33–49) 11 (8–14) 22 (18–27) 17 (17–17)
Lesotho (LM) 132 (127–138) 153 (141–167) 313 (301–327) 364 (334–396) 10·5% (10·1–11·0) 12·0% (10·7–13·4) 70 (65–76) 1 (0–1) 21 (20–22) 40 (40–40)
Liberia (L) 60 (56–64) 88 (78–100) 136 (128–145) 200 (176–226) 9·3% (7·3–12·8) 12·4% (9·3–16·7) 7 (6–9) 3 (2–5) 27 (24–31) 22 (22–22)
Madagascar (L) 20 (18–23) 22 (19–24) 66 (60–74) 71 (63–79) 3·8% (3·4–4·2) 3·9% (3·5–4·4) 9 (8–10) 1 (1–2) 6 (5–8) 4 (4–4)
Malawi (L) 44 (42–45) 53 (48–58) 116 (113–120) 140 (128–155) 8·0% (6·3–10·5) 8·9% (6·7–11·8) 11 (10–12) 2 (2–3) 6 (5–6) 25 (25–25)
Mali (L) 32 (30–34) 33 (30–36) 86 (80–92) 87 (81–95) 3·1% (2·4–3·7) 3·0% (2·3–3·7) 11 (10–12) 1 (0–1) 11 (9–12) 10 (10–10)
Mauritania (LM) 72 (69–76) 83 (78–88) 212 (202–223) 245 (228–260) 3·6% (3·1–4·0) 3·7% (3·1–4·3) 26 (24–29) 4 (3–6) 32 (30–34) 9 (9–9)
Mozambique (L) 31 (28–34) 39 (35–43) 83 (76–90) 104 (94–116) 5·9% (5·4–6·4) 6·7% (6·0–7·5) 9 (7–11) 3 (2–4) 4 (3–5) 15 (15–15)
Namibia (UM) 486 (458–518) 489 (456–528) 977 (920–1042) 984 (917–1062) 9·0% (8·5–9·6) 9·6% (8·9–10·3) 226 (209–247) 193 (173–216) 40 (32–50) 26 (26–26)
Niger (L) 37 (35–39) 43 (40–46) 81 (78–85) 94 (88–101) 6·0% (5·7–6·3) 5·6% (5·1–6·1) 12 (10–13) 1 (1–2) 16 (15–17) 8 (8–8)
Nigeria (LM) 62 (57–68) 63 (57–69) 163 (148–177) 165 (149–182) 2·9% (2·6–3·1) 2·9% (2·6–3·2) 10 (8–12) 1 (0–1) 47 (43–53) 4 (4–4)
Rwanda (L) 56 (52–61) 63 (57–71) 166 (154–181) 187 (168–210) 6·7% (6·2–7·4) 6·2% (5·4–7·1) 20 (17–25) 8 (6–10) 6 (5–7) 22 (22–22)
Senegal (LM) 71 (63–79) 86 (77–97) 166 (149–186) 202 (181–227) 4·4% (4·0–5·0) 4·3% (3·8–4·9) 17 (14–21) 4 (3–6) 36 (29–43) 13 (13–13)
Sierra Leone (L) 45 (43–48) 67 (60–76) 159 (149–169) 235 (209–266) 8·5% (7·9–9·0) 11·5% (10·2–13·0) 5 (4–7) 1 (0–1) 24 (22–27) 15 (15–15)
Somalia (L) 7 (6–7) 8 (7–10) 18 (17–19) 22 (18–26) 4·2% (3·8–4·6) 5·5% (4·6–6·8) 1 (0–1) 0 (0–0) 2 (1–2) 4 (4–4)
South Africa (UM) 631 (605–656) 676 (639–711) 1307 (1253–1359) 1400 (1324–1472) 9·0% (8·3–10·0) 9·9% (9·1–10·8) 367 (355–378) 219 (197–242) 36 (34–38) 9 (9–9)
South Sudan (L) 41 (39–42) 36 (32–41) 94 (91–98) 83 (74–95) 9·8% (4·5–15·8) 9·6% (2·9–24·9) 4 (3–5) 2 (1–2) 7 (6–8) 28 (28–28)
São Tomé and Príncipe (LM) 189 (177–202) 275 (249–306) 339 (318–362) 493 (447–549) 8·2% (7·7–8·8) 11·2% (10·1–12·5) 60 (50–71) 2 (1–3) 22 (18–28) 104 (104–104)
Tanzania (LM) 42 (41–44) 49 (44–54) 111 (107–116) 128 (116–142) 3·8% (3·6–4·0) 3·8% (3·4–4·2) 18 (17–20) 0 (0–1) 10 (9–11) 14 (14–14)
The Gambia (L) 42 (40–44) 57 (50–63) 125 (118–132) 169 (149–189) 5·0% (4·7–5·4) 6·1% (5·4–6·8) 9 (7–11) 1 (1–2) 7 (6–9) 24 (24–24)
Togo (L) 59 (55–64) 75 (69–81) 141 (131–152) 179 (165–194) 6·8% (5·5–8·9) 7·2% (5·8–9·2) 9 (7–11) 5 (3–7) 37 (34–41) 8 (8–8)
Uganda (L) 41 (38–44) 46 (42–51) 112 (104–122) 127 (116–139) 4·2% (3·7–4·8) 4·3% (3·8–4·8) 7 (6–8) 2 (1–2) 15 (12–18) 18 (18–18)
Zambia (L) 60 (55–66) 67 (58–77) 199 (184–219) 223 (194–255) 5·2% (4·6–5·7) 5·9% (5·1–6·7) 23 (19–28) 4 (2–5) 6 (5–8) 28 (28–28)
Zimbabwe (LM) 54 (50–59) 59 (53–65) 60 (56–66) 65 (59–73) 2·5% (2·3–2·7) 2·5% (2·2–2·8) 12 (10–14) 11 (8–15) 11 (9–14) 20 (20–20)

Estimates in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. Venezuela estimates are presented in 2014 US$. Spending reported in 2021 inflation-adjusted US$. GBD=Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. GDP=gross domestic product. H=high-income. UM=upper-middle income. LM=lower-middle income. L=low-income. NA=not applicable due to country not receiving development assistance.