Table I.
Clinical trials employing gene therapy for HGG.
| Type of Vector | ID Number | Therapy | Phases | Status | Age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AdV | NCT00870181 | AdV-TK+GCV | 2 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT00589875 | AdV-TK + Valacyclovir | 2 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT00634231 | AdV-TK + Valacyclovir | 1 | Completed | Child, Adult |
| AdV | NCT00751270 | AdV-TK + Valacyclovir | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT03596086 | AdV-TK + Valacyclovir | 1|2 | Recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT03603405 | AdV-TK + Valacyclovir | 1|2 | Recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT01811992 | Ad-hCMV-TK + Ad-hCMV-Flt3L | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT03576612 | AdV-TK + Valacyclovir + Nivolumab | 1 | Active, not recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT00004041 | Ad5CMV-p53 | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT00004080 | SCH-58500 | 1 | No Results Available | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT02026271 | Ad-RTS-hIL-12 + Veledimex | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT03679754 | Ad-RTS-hIL-12 + Veledimex | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT03636477 | Ad-RTS-hIL-12 + Veledimex + Nivolumab | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT04006119 | Ad-RTS-hIL-12 + Veledimex + Cemiplimab-Rwlc | 2 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT03330197 | Ad-RTS-hIL-12 + Veledimex | 1|2 | Terminated | Child, Adult |
| AdV | NCT00031083 | BG00001 | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT01260506 | VB-111 + Bevacizumab | 1|2 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT02511405 | VB-111 + Bevacizumab | 3 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| AdV | NCT04406272 | VB-111 + Bevacizumab | 2 | Recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic AdV | NCT00805376 | DNX-2401 | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic AdV | NCT01582516 | delta-24-RGD adenovirus | 1|2 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic AdV | NCT02798406 | DNX-2401 + Pembrolizumab | 2 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic AdV | NCT01956734 | DNX2401 | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic AdV | NCT03714334 | DNX-2440 | 1 | Recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic AdV | NCT03178032 | DNX-2401 | 1 | Unknown status | Child, Adult |
| Oncolytic AdV | NCT02197169 | DNX-2401 + Interferon-gamma | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic HSV-1 | NCT00157703 | G207 | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic HSV-1 | NCT00028158 | G207 | 1|2 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic HSV-1 | NCT02457845 | G207 | 1 | Active, not recruiting | Child, Adult |
| Oncolytic HSV-1 | NCT04482933 | G207 | 2 | Not yet recruiting | Child, Adult |
| Oncolytic HSV-1 | NCT03911388 | G207 | 1 | Recruiting | Child, Adult |
| Oncolytic HSV-1 | NCT02062827 | M032 (NSC 733972) | 1 | Active, not recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic HSV-1 | NCT05084430 | M032 + Pembrolizumab | 1|2 | Active, not recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic HSV-1 | NCT02031965 | HSV-1716 + Dexamethasone | 1 | Terminated | Child, Adult |
| Oncolytic HSV-1 | NCT05095441 | C5252 | 1 | Recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic HSV-1 | NCT03657576 | C134 | 1 | Active, not recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic HSV-1 | UMIN000002661 | G47delta | 1|2 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic HSV-1 | UMIN000015995 | G47delta | 2 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic HSV-1 | NCT03152318 | rQNestin + Cyclophosphamide | 1 | Active, not recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
| Retrovirus | NCT00001328 | G1TKSVNa.53 Producer Cell Line + Cytovene | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Retrovirus | NCT04105374 | Toca 511 vector + Toca FC | 2|3 | Withdrawn | Adult, Older Adult |
| Retrovirus | NCT01156584 | Toca 511 vector + Toca FC | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Retrovirus | NCT01985256 | Toca 511 vector + Toca FC | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Retrovirus | NCT02598011 | Toca 511 vector + Toca FC | 1 | Withdrawn | Adult, Older Adult |
| Retrovirus | NCT02414165 | Toca 511 vector + Toca FC + Lomustine + Bevacizumab | 2|3 | Terminated | Adult, Older Adult |
| Retrovirus | NCT04327011 | Toca 511 vector + Toca FC | 1 | Terminated | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic NDV | NCT01174537 | New Castle Disease Virus | 1|2 | Withdrawn | Child, Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic MV | NCT00390299 | Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Expressing Measles Virus | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic MV | NCT02962167 | Modified Measles Virus | 1 | Recruiting | Child, Adult |
| Oncolytic Reovirus | NCT00528684 | REOLYSIN | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic Reovirus | NCT02444546 | Wild-type Reovirus + Sargramostim | 1 | Active, not recruiting | Child, Adult |
| Oncolytic PVSRIPO | NCT01491893 | PVSRIPO | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic PVSRIPO | NCT02986178 | PVSRIPO | 2 | Active, not recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic PVSRIPO | NCT03973879 | PVSRIPO + Atezolizumab | 1|2 | Withdrawn (Re-submission Planned) | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic PVSRIPO | NCT03043391 | PVSRIPO | 1 | Active, not recruiting | Child, Adult |
| Oncolytic PVSRIPO | NCT04479241 | Lerapolturev + Pembrolizumab | 2 | Active, not recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic Parvovirus | NCT01301430 | H-1PV | 1|2 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Oncolytic Vaccinia | NCT03294486 | Combination of TG6002 and 5-FC | 1|2 | Unknown status | Adult, Older Adult |
| Liposome | NCT00470613 | SGT-53 | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| Liposome | NCT02340156 | SGT-53 | 2 | Terminated | Adult, Older Adult |
| Liposome | NCT03554707 | SGT-53 | Early 1 | Not yet recruiting | Child, Adult |
| Nanoparticle | NCT03020017 | NU-0129 | Early 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| NSC | NCT01172964 | E. coli CD-expressing genetically modified NSC + Flucytosine | 1 | Completed | Child, Adult, Older Adult |
| NSC | NCT02015819 | E. coli CD-expressing genetically modified NSC + Flucytosine + Leucovorin | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| NSC | NCT02192359 | Carboxylesterase-expressing Allogeneic NSC + Irinotecan | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| NSC + AdV | NCT03072134 | NSC-CRAd-Survivin-pk7 | 1 | Completed | Adult, Older Adult |
| NSC + AdV | NCT05139056 | NSC-CRAd-Survivin-pk7 | 1 | Not yet recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
| NSC + AdV | NCT04758533 | AloCELYVIR | 1|2 | Recruiting | Child, Adult |
| MSC + Oncolytic AdV | NCT03896568 | Allogenic MSC loaded with Ad5-DNX-2401 | 1 | Recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
| HSC + Lentivirus | NCT01269424 | Autologous HSC modified with retroviral vector encoding for MGMTP140K + O6-benzylguanine | 1 | Active, not recruiting | Adult, Older Adult |
AdV: adenovirus vector, TK: thymidine kinase, GCV: ganciclovir, HSV: herpes simplex virus, NDV: Newcastle disease virus, MV: Measles virus, NSC: Neural Stem Cells, MSC: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, HSC: Hematopoietic Stem Cells, CD: cytosine deaminase, 5-FC: 5-flucytosine.