Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Control (n = 31) |
Cardiac amyloidosis (n = 24) | HCM (n = 21) |
HHD (n = 80) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 53 ± 13 | 75 ± 8 | 54 ± 18 | 66 ± 12 | < 0.0001 |
| Male sex | 19 (61%) | 19 (79%) | 16 (76%) | 69 (86%) | 0.008 |
| Body mass index | 27.9 ± 4.5 | 26.0 ± 3.3 | 26.9 ± .44 | 28.3 ± 4.2 | 0.12 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 142 ± 24 | 132 ± 18 | 146 ± 21 | 154 ± 44 | 0.097 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 81 ± 10 | 76 ± 11 | 89 ± 21 | 85 ± 17 | 0.073 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 73 ± 10 | 78 ± 15 | 71 ± 15 | 70 ± 14 | 0.099 |
| NYHA functional class | |||||
| II | 0 | 6 (25%) | 9 (43%) | 10 (13%) | 0.002 |
| III | 0 | 15 (63%) | 2 (10%) | 10 (13%) | < 0.0001 |
| IV | 0 | 1 (4%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | 0.52 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL |
3470 (2378–7228) |
415 (122–1741) |
520 (138–4107) |
0.64 | |
| Troponin T, pg/mL | 54 (43–68) | 17 (7–32) | 15 (10–36) | 0.68 | |
| Hemoglobin (mg/dl) | 14.7 ± 1.6 | 13.1 ± 2.0 | 14.1 ± 1.4 | 13.2 ± 2.3 | 0.62 |
|
Chronic kidney failure (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2) |
0 | 14 (58%) | 2 (10%) | 9 (11%) | < 0.0001 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 88 ± 14 | 58 ± 19 | 82 ± 22 | 70 ± 21 | < 0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 (3%) | 19 (79%) | 5 (24%) | 18 (23%) | < 0.0001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 3 (10%) | 12 (50%) | 4 (19%) | 25 (31%) | 0.007 |
| Previous MI | 1 (3%) | 2 (8%) | 0 | 8 (10%) | 0.33 |
| Previous PCI or CABG | 1 (3%) | 5 (21%) | 0 | 14 (18%) | 0.035 |
| Aortic or mitral disease | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0.27 |
| Moderate aortic stenosis | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0.55 |
| Moderate MR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0.59 |
| Pacemaker or ICD | 0 | 4 (17%) | 3 (14%) | 8 (10%) | 0.16 |
| Arterial hypertension | 5 (16%) | 19 (79%) | 9 (43%) | 80 (100%) | < 0.0001 |
| No. of antihypertensives* | 2 (2.0–0.02) | 3 (2.5–4.5) | 2 (1.3–3.8) | 3 (2–4) | 0.16 |
| Diabetes | 0 | 1 (4%) | 0 | 2 (3%) | 0.61 |
| COPD | 0 | 3 (13%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (5%) | 0.22 |
| Cancer | 1 (3%) | 9 (38%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (3%) | < 0.0001 |
| Multiple myeloma | 1 (3%) | 6 (25%) | 0 | 0 | < 0.0001 |
| Other solid or hematologic neoplasms | 0 | 3 (13%) | 0 | 2 (3%) | 0.036 |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | 0 | 3 (13%) | 0 | 0 | 0.0062 |
| Spinal stenosis | 0 | 4 (17%) | 0 | 0 | 0.0008 |
| Degenerative joint disease | 1 (3%) | 5 (21%) | 2 (10%) | 12 (15%) | 0.21 |
| Non-traumatic tendon rupture | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1%) | 1.0 |
| Polyneuropathy | 0 | 7 (29%) | 0 | 0 | < 0.0001 |
Bold values indicate statistically significant p values with p< 0.05
Values are mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or numbers (percent). * among patients with antihypertensive medical therapy
ACB aorto-coronary bypass; BP blood pressure; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate using CKD EPI formula; ICD implantable cardioverter defibrillator; MI myocardial infarction; MR mitral regurgitation; PCI percutaneous coronary intervention