Fig. 6. Electrochemical test results of full cells.

Galvanostatic potential profiles of the full cells fabricated with 2.9 mAh cm⁻² NCM622 as cathode and 300 µm thick a, naked and b, pristine Li metal foils as anodes for a different number of cycles. c Discharge capacity and Coulombic efficiency against the cycle number of full cells with 2.9 mAh cm⁻² NCM622 as the cathode and 300 µm pristine (black) and naked (red) Li metal foils as anodes. 1 M LiPF₆ in EC/DEC (50/50 = v/v) with 10 wt % FEC was used as electrolyte and the cells were cycled at 0.5 C (1.45 mA cm⁻²) after 3 pre-cycles at 0.1 C (0.29 mA cm⁻²) in the potential range of 2.8 − 4.3 V. d Discharge capacity and Coulombic efficiency against the cycle number of full cells with 3.3 mAh cm⁻² LFP as the cathode and 40 µm pristine (black) and naked (red) Li metal foils as anodes. 1 M LiTFSI + 0.2 M LiNO₃ in DOL/DME (50/50 = v/v) was used as electrolyte and the cells were cycled at 0.5 C (1.65 mA cm⁻²) after 3 pre-cycles at 0.1 C (0.33 mA cm⁻²) in the potential range of 2.5 − 4.0 V.