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. 2023 Mar 9;13:3950. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30926-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Genetic risk for AUD and alternative mRNA Splicing. (A) Violin plot showing polygenic score distributions of AUD between individuals with AUD and controls. Mean and standard error are shown. P-value thresholds were 0.0183, 0.1016, 0.3522 and 0.0187 for the BLA, CEA, NAc and PFC, respectively. Scores were combined across brain regions and tested between AUD cases and controls. (B) Heat matrix showing the amount of variance explained (R²) by polygenic score analyses of differential splicing results for each brain region. Principal components (PC) analysis was used to distil differential splicing results into a single metric (1st PC). Polygenic score p-value thresholds were 5.e−5, 0.006, 5e−5 and 0.0012 for the BLA, CEA, NAc and PFC, respectively.