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. 2023 Mar 9;13:3920. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31144-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sfrp2 improves iPSc-derived cardiomyocyte maturation. iPSc were differentiated into cardiomyocytes via the standard broad-spectrum Wnt inhibitor (WntC59, XAV939) method or via the Sfrp2 method. Cells were analyzed on day 14 of differentiation protocol. (a) cells were fixed and stained with an antibody targeting α-Actinin (Actn2). Left hand side: Representative images shown (scale bar 20 microns). Right hand side: Quantification of two parameters of maturation: circularity and sarcomere length. N > 30 for each group. Comparisons are made to the WntC59 group: ***P < 0.001, *P < 0.05, ns-not significant. (b) Representative image of a Sfrp2-derived cardiomyocyte after 40 days in culture. Scale bar 20 microns. N = 3. (c) Beating frequency was determined on day-14 of the differentiation protocol by measuring the number of contractions over a 20 s period. For each experiment, 3 wells were analyzed. Representative experiment shown. *P < 0.05. (d) Fourteen days after the start of differentiation, patch-clamp was performed. Sample action potentials of cardiomyocytes generated via the standard broad-spectrum Wnt inhibitor (WntC59) approach or via Sfrp2 protocol. (e) Patch-clamp data was analyzed for action potential amplitude (APA), maximal rate of depolarization (MPU) (dv/dt_max ( and action potential duration (APD) at 90% of APA. N = 15 (WntC59) or 19 (Sfrp2). Comparisons were made to the WntC59 group: *P < 0.05, ns – not significant.