Table 3.

Adjusted multinomial logistic regression to determine the association between the changes in socio-economic characteristics and mental health-related symptoms (Reference group: No symptoms at all) (n = 382).

Background characteristics	Depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms
	Any one symptom AOR [95% CI]	Any two symptoms AOR [95% CI]	All three symptoms AOR [95% CI]
Socio-demographic characteristics
Age (in years)	0.99 [0.97–1.01]	0.98 [0.48–2.65]	0.96* [0.93–0.99]
Gender
Men	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Women	1.32 [0.72–2.31]	1.27 [0.58–2.74]	2.95** [1.39–5.68]
Household size (members)
1–4	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
5–6	0.87 [0.46–1.66]	1.07 [0.45–2.58]	0.80 [0.33–1.96]
7+	0.92 [0.41–2.09]	2.32 [0.85–6.30]	1.08 [0.40–2.94]
Type of residence
Own house	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Rented house	1.19 [0.66–2.13]	0.47 [0.21–1.02]	0.54 [0.25–1.18]
Other	0.74 [0.27–2.03]	0.13 [0.02–1.11]	0.12 [0.01–1.07]
Completed years of education
0–5	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
6–10	1.17 [0.41–3.34]	0.87 [0.23–3.26]	0.47 [0.12–1.76]
11–12	1.02 [0.32–3.23]	1.05 [0.24–4.65]	0.49 [0.12–2.07]
More than 12	1.56 [0.55–4.42]	0.93 [0.25–3.54]	0.82 [0.23–2.87]
Household SES
Poor	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Middle	0.65 [0.34–1.22]	0.48 [0.18–1.23]	1.29 [0.49–3.39]
Rich	0.36* [0.16–0.78]	0.43 [0.16–1.16]	1.45 [0.54–3.84]
Changes in socio-economic status
Changes in occupation
No	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Yes	0.75 [0.24–2.27]	1.78 [0.48–6.33]	3.04* [1.01–9.08]
Changes in working hours
No change	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Yes	2.10* [1.09–3.96]	2.46* [1.07–5.67]	1.25 [0.54–2.88]
Changes in income
No	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Yes	1.16 [0.64–2.11]	0.50 [0.22–1.13]	1.36 [0.61–3.03]
Changes in expenditure
No	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Yes	1.67 [0.94–2.96]	1.40 [0.64–3.00]	2.46* [1.12–5.37]

ref, Reference category; 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval; AOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio. Level of significance: ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01.