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. 2023 Feb 24;11:1156953. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1156953

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Copyright © 2023 Jia, Zhang, Zhao, Qu, Xiong, Alam, Miao, Wang, Li, Xu and Lv.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Producing D-allulose from CS. (A) CS hydrolysate by subsequential grind, alkaline pretreatment, and digestion (B) Major monosaccharide components of the CS hydrolysate. (C) D-allulose titers from pure D-glucose and CS hydrolysate (D) Relative activities of free AcceGI to D-glucose and D-xylose mixture and CS hydrolysate. The activity of free AcceGI to pure D-glucose was defined as 100%. (E) D-xylose can be used as the substrate of AcceGI, and converted to D-xylulose (F) Relative activities of free CcDPEase to mixtures of monosaccharides. The activity of free CcDPEase to pure D-fructose was defined as 100%. D-Glu refers to D-glucose. D-Xyl refers to D-xylose. L-Ara refers to L-arabinose. Hydro refers to CS hydrolysate. When using CS hydrolysate as substrate, the performance conditions were identical to those using D-glucose as substrate. The detailed performance conditions were described in the materials and methods section. Red stars indicate the effects of CS hydrolysate to enzymes.