Table 1.
The clinical studies of the relationship between cervical cytokines and CVM sequencing.
| Author(year) | Population | Ethnicity | Sample | Method | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gustin et al, (2022) | BV N=28 | NS | Vaginal swabs, CVL | 16S V3-4 | Shift from CT4 to CT2 possessing significantly higher levels of SLPI, GROa, and MIP3a and significantly lower levels of ICAM-1; Highly diverse microbiota are associated with the enhanced resilience of bacterial vaginosis to standard metronidazole treatment; CD4+ cells from the lamina propria were significantly higher in CT4 |
| Lo´pez-Filloy et al, (2022) | Symptomatic cervical ectopy N=156 | NS | Cervical secreations | 16S V4 | In HPV+ and cervical ectopy patients, bacterial diversity correlates with both IL-1βand IL-22 HPV+ women showed a significant decreased in Lactobacilli and increase in anaerobes such as Sneathia, Pseudomonas, Megasphaera, Atopobium, Shuttleworthia, Prevotella, and Clostridium, IL-21 and CXCL9 were significantly upregulated in HPV-positive |
| Kawahara et al., (2021) | CIN recieved surgery N=28 CIN under observation N=13 |
NS | Cervical secreations | 16S V3-4 | IL-1β and TNF-α were signifcantly increased with the presence of anaerobics microbiota; TNF-α, IL-10 and RANTES were inversely correlated with L. crispatus |
| Serebrenik et al., (2021) | Bronx N = 20 Thika N = 18 |
Mainly Black | CVL, Cervical tissue | 16S V3-4 RNA-seq |
BV patients who respond to metronidazole treatment had a increase of CXCL-9, CXCL-10, and SLPI and a decrease in IL-1α and IL-1β compared with treatment failure |
| Balle et al (2020) | 130 females adolescent before and after contraceptive use | South African | Vaginal swab cervical secreations |
16S V4 | Cytokines were positely associated with the following aerobes. IL-17 (S.anginosis,A.minutum, Mycoplasmataceae), IL-6 (peptococcus, Moryella), IL-1b (P.rnelaninogenia, Mycoplasma hominis,A.prevoii), IL-21(P.timonensis, P.rrica), IL-23 (S.sanguinus, Mycoplasmataceae). The abundances of L. crispatus and L. iners were negatively correlated with the concentrations of several cytokines. The inflammation-high group had significantly higher alpha diversity compared to the low group and was more likely to be CST IV |
| Joag et al., (2019) | BV N=45 | Keneya | Vaginal swabs, endocervical cytobrush |
16S V3-4 | BV treatment reduced genital CD4+ T-cell HIV susceptibility and reduced IL-1α/β levels, However, BV resolution and the concomitant colonization by L. iners substantially increased several genital chemokines associated with HIV acquisition, including IP-10, MIP-3α |
| Łaniewski et al. (2018) | HPV-negative controls N = 20, HPV-positive controls N= 31, Low-grade dysplasia N= 12, High-grade dysplasia N= 27 Invasive cervical carcinoma N = 10 |
Mix | Vaginal swab CVL |
16S V4 | Sneathia presence VMB associated with IL-1b, IL-36r, TNFa, IL-8,IL-10,MIP1a, TNFb,MIP-1b, RANTES, SCD40L,IL-10, |
BV, bacterial vaginosis; CVL, cervicovaginal lavage; CST, community state types; KRST, Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa and Tanzania; CT, cerival type; CVM, cervicovaginal microbiota.
NS, Not specifically.