FIGURE 2.

Effects of the four different lighting programs (5 lx, 20 lx, NL, and VL) on the litter moisture and footpad health. (A) In trial 1, condition of litter moisture was accessed by the hand-clumping method. When litter begins to retain moisture and moisture content is over 35%, it clumps together. Seven different areas (zones) of each section were tested if the litter clumps by hand. Average of number of zones per section with positive hand-clumping was obtained in each treatment of light programs and compared among treatment groups. (B) In trial 3, footpad condition was checked at 28 and 42 days of age in each section of the treatment houses (n = 10/section, 4 sections/house). Percentage of footpad failed birds from the inspected birds was obtained and compared among treatment groups. Data (mean ± SEM) were compared among treatments. Different lower-case letters above the bars denote significant differences (p < 0.05) among groups, where a>b>c. b,c is not different from b or c.