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. 2023 Feb 24;14:1059055. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1059055

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Copyright © 2023 Kang, Christensen, Kidd Jr, Orlowski and Clark.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Sagittal view of three dissection areas of the chicken brain [dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and caudal raphe nucleus (CRN) of the brainstem and ventral tegmental rea (VTA) of the midbrain]. Dimensions of the dissected tissues are coronal with 2.5–3 mm (W) x 1–1.5 mm (H) x 2.5–3.0 mm (L) for DRN, 2–2.5 mm (W) x 1–1.2 mm (H) x 2.5–3.0 mm (L) for CRN, and 3–3.5 mm (W) x 2–3 mm (H) x 1–1.2 mm (L) for VTA. The thickness (W, H, and L) was adjusted proportionally from young birds to older birds based on the brain size and structure. Abbreviations: AM: anterior medial hypothalamic nucleus; CA: anterior commissure; Cb: cerebellum; CO: optic chiasma; CP: posterior commissure; DMA: dorsomedial nucleus; EW: Edinger–Westphal nucleus; FLM: medial longitudinal fasciculus; FV: ventral fasciculus; IH: inferior hypothalamic nucleus; IN: infundibular hypothalamic nucleus; LSO: lateral septal organ; MM: medial mammillary nucleus; MnX: nucleus motorius dorsalis nervi vagi; NC: caudal neostriatum; NH: neurohypophysis; NHpC: nucleus of the hippocampal commissure; NIII: oculomotor nerve; nIV: trochlear nerve nucleus; nXII: hypoglossal nerve nucleus; OI: inferior olivary nucleus; OMd: dorsal oculomotor nucleus; P: pineal gland; POM: medial preoptic nucleus; PVN: paraventricular nucleus; RPgc: nucleus of caudal pontine reticular gigantocellular; Ru: red nucleus; SCE: stratum cellular externum; TSM: septopallio-mesencephalic tract; VMN: ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus.