Table 3.

Vaccination effects on the incidence of regular alcohol use

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
All
$\mathrm{Risk}\times \mathrm{post}1988$	− 0.0043	− 0.0065**	− 0.0074***	− 0.0091***
	(0.0030)	(0.0024)	(0.0024)	(0.0019)
Mean dependent variable	0.132	0.132	0.132	0.132
Observations	5570	5570	5570	5570
Male
$\mathrm{Risk}\times \mathrm{post}1988$	− 0.0105**	− 0.0150***	− 0.0154***	− 0.0183***
	(0.0044)	(0.0039)	(0.0041)	(0.0030)
Mean dependent variable	0.237	0.237	0.237	0.237
Observations	2891	2891	2891	2891
Female
$\mathrm{Risk}\times \mathrm{post}1988$	− 0.0001	0.0008	0.0006	0.0006
	(0.0007)	(0.0008)	(0.0009)	(0.0008)
Mean dependent variable	0.020	0.020	0.020	0.020
Observations	2679	2679	2679	2679
Birth cohort $\times$ avg. alcohol use	No	No	No	Yes
Individual and family characteristics	No	No	Yes	Yes
Birth cohort $\times$ 1990 province characteristics	No	Yes	Yes	Yes

This table estimates the vaccination campaign impacts on the incidence of individual regular alcohol use based on Eq. (1). All specifications shown include province, birth cohort, and survey month fixed effects. Results on demographic and provincial characteristics are not reported. Standard errors are in parentheses and clustered at the place-of-birth level. p < 0.1; ** p < 0.05; *** p < 0.01