Table 5.

Heterogeneous vaccination effects on the incidence of regular alcohol use

	By average parental education		By place of residence
	Lower than middle school	At least middle school	Urban	Rural
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
All
$\mathrm{Risk}\times \mathrm{post}1988$	− 0.0055**	− 0.0128***	− 0.0104***	− 0.0085***
	(0.0024)	(0.0034)	(0.0029)	(0.0024)
Mean dependent variable	0.143	0.123	0.121	0.147
Observations	3136	2347	2988	2470
Male
$\mathrm{Risk}\times \mathrm{post}1988$	− 0.0098**	− 0.0280***	− 0.0203***	− 0.0200***
	(0.0044)	(0.0052)	(0.0048)	(0.0043)
Mean dependent variable	0.245	0.225	0.211	0.269
Observations	1704	1174	1528	1296
Female
$\mathrm{Risk}\times \mathrm{post}1988$	0.0009	0.0003	− 0.0007	0.0020**
	(0.0009)	(0.0018)	(0.0012)	(0.0008)
Mean dependent variable	0.0209	0.0205	0.0274	0.0111
Observations	1432	1173	1460	1172

This table estimates the heterogeneous vaccination campaign impacts on the incidence of individual regular alcohol use by average education levels of both parents and type of residential place. All specifications shown include birth cohort indicators interacted with regional averages of the outcome variable and pretreatment provincial measures, individual and family characteristics, and province, birth cohort, and survey month fixed effects. Results on demographic and provincial characteristics are not reported. Standard errors are in parentheses and clustered at the place-of-birth level. p < 0.1; ** p < 0.05; *** p < 0.01