Table 3.
Basic set of covariates (age groups, antidepressant/antianxiety prescription drugs) and extended set of covariates (basic + inhibitors, joint complications) associated with annual use (yes/no; OR [95% CI]) and annual volume (% difference [P value] if use > 0) of any pain medication (opioids, nonopioids, NSAIDs, and/or steroids) in years with ≥1 filled prescription for PwH compared with that for controls. Longitudinal regression analysis of annual data on the use of 7 prescription drug types and volume of 7 prescription drug types for years 2007-2017 in Sweden by subgroups such as moderate-to-high factor consumption, low factor consumption, and women including carriers.
| Moderate-high factor consumption | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regression covariates | PwH: n = 419; person-years = 2960 Control: n = 2072; person-years = 14,565 |
|||
| OR (95% CI) |
% Difference in volume (P value) if use > 0 |
|||
| Basic covariates | Basic + extended set of covariates | Basic covariates | Basic + extended set of covariates | |
| PwH group | 4.55 (3.84-5.39) | 3.99 (3.35-4.75) | 63.4 (<.001) | 50.6 (<.001) |
| Age group (y) | ||||
| 30-44 | 2.04 (1.72-2.43) | 2.06 (1.73-2.45) | 58.8 (<.001) | 58.7 (<.001) |
| 45-59 | 3.88 (3.25-4.63) | 3.85 (3.22-4.60) | 114 (<.001) | 109 (<.001) |
| ≥60 | 5.21 (4.20-6.46) | 5.12 (4.13-6.35) | 114 (<.001) | 112 (<.001) |
| Antidepressant/antianxiety prescription drugsa | 2.16 (1.83-2.56) | 2.18 (1.84-2.58) | 72.4 (<.001) | 72.0 (<.001) |
| Inhibitors, current or previousb | 2.24 (1.39-3.60) | 22.5 (.20) | ||
| Joint complicationc | 2.77 (1.85-4.14) | 67.8 (<.001) | ||
| Low factor consumption | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regression covariates | PwH: n = 1016; person-years = 8869 Control: n = 4968; person-years = 42,649 |
|||
| OR (95% CI) |
% Difference in volume (P value) if use > 0 |
|||
| Basic covariates | Basic + extended set of covariates | Basic covariates | Basic + extended set of covariates | |
| PwH group | 1.89 (1.70-2.11) | 1.76 (1.58-1.96) | 16.7 (.006) | 6.66 (.25) |
| Age group (years) | ||||
| 30-44 | 1.85 (1.66-2.06) | 1.86 (1.67-2.07) | 41.3 (<.001) | 44.7 (<.001) |
| 45-59 | 2.88 (2.59-3.20) | 2.87 (2.58-3.20) | 78.9 (<.001) | 81.8 (<.001) |
| ≥60 | 4.90 (4.42-5.43) | 4.85 (4.38-5.38) | 105 (<.001) | 107 (<.001) |
| Antidepressant/antianxiety prescription drugsa | 2.34 (2.14-2.57) | 2.34 (2.14-2.57) | 56.7 (<.001) | 55.3 (<.001) |
| Inhibitors, current or previousb | 2.84 (1.73-4.68) | 106 (<.001) | ||
| Joint complicationc | 2.39 (1.84-3.11) | 52.7 (<.001) | ||
| Women including carriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regression covariates | PwH: n = 389; person-years = 3977 Control: n = 1920; person-years = 19,438 |
|||
| OR (95% CI) |
% Difference in volume (P value) if use > 0 |
|||
| Basic covariates | Basic + extended set of covariates | Basic covariates | Basic + extended set of covariates | |
| PwH group | 1.89 (1.61-2.21) | 1.86 (1.59-2.18) | 29.1 (.001) | 24.5 (.004) |
| Age group (y) | ||||
| 30-44 | 1.87 (1.63-2.13) | 1.87 (1.64-2.13) | 34.5 (<.001) | 34.6 (<.001) |
| 45-59 | 3.19 (2.74-3.71) | 3.18 (2.73-3.69) | 77.3 (<.001) | 76.7 (<.001) |
| ≥60 | 5.30 (4.52-6.21) | 5.24 (4.46-6.14) | 104 (<.001) | 101 (<.001) |
| Antidepressant/antianxiety prescription drugsa | 2.15 (1.93-2.40) | 2.15 (1.93-2.40) | 71.4 (<.001) | 71.1 (<.001) |
| Inhibitors, current or previousb | 1.16 (0.55-2.43) | 80.6 (.01) | ||
| Joint complicationc | 1.64 (1.03-2.60) | 70.1 (.001) | ||
Note: The reference person for comparison of regression estimates is a control <30 years old not using antidepressant or antianxiety prescription drugs, and without joint complications (and no inhibitors by definition).
NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OR, odds ratio; PwH, people with hemophilia.
Filled prescription (≥1) during the calendar year of any antidepressant or antianxiety prescription drugs.
Use of bypassing agent or FVIII or FIX at a dosage of ≥350 IU/kg/week in current or any previous year.
Orthopaedic joint surgery and/or registration of the health care contact with hemarthrosis (M25.0, M36.2). Registration of the surgery indicator in the current or past years.