Table 1. Values for the Dispersive and Polar Surface Energies (γ) of Various Cellulosic Materialsa.
| cellulosic material | γD (mN m–1) | γp (mN m–1) | γT (mN m–1) | method of quantificationb | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hardwood α-cellulose | 31.9 | iGC-SEA | (237) | ||
| hardwood α-cellulose extracted with acetone | 47.4 | iGC-SEA | (237) | ||
| Avicel MCC | 31.8 | 23.9 | 55.7 | CA | (238) |
| Avicel MCC | 51.8 | 0 | 51.8 | TLC | (239) |
| Sigmacell 20 | 52.9 | 4.2 | 57.2 | TLC | (239) |
| Whatman paper | 32.1 | 20.2 | 52.3 | CA | (238) |
| Technocel fibers | 20 | CA | (240) | ||
| amorphous cellulose beads | 70.5 | iGC-SEA | (241) | ||
| TEMPO-oxidized CNF | 42–46 | iGC-SEA | (242) | ||
| enzymatic CNF | 51.5 | iGC-SEA | (242) | ||
| cellulose II, critical CO2 dried | 49.6 | 6.1 | 55.8 | iGC-SEA | (243) |
| cellulose II, freeze-dried from t-BuOH | 52.3 | 6.9 | 59.1 | iGC-SEA | (243) |
| bacterial cellulose | 47.2–58.3 | iGC-SEA | (244) | ||
| amorphous cellulose | ca. 35 | ca. 17 | ca. 52 | CA | (245) |
a
γD refers to the dispersive component, γP to the polar component, and the γT to the total surface energy.
b
Abbreviations for method of surface energy quantification: inverse gas chromatography–surface energy analyzer (iGC-SEA); thin layer chromatography (TLC); contact angle measurements (CA).