Table 4.
Adjusted risk of cardiovascular outcomes among patients initiating SGLT2i compared to non-gliflozin therapies, by heart failure subtype: Sensitivity and secondary analysis
| HFrEF | SGLT2i versus DPP4i | SGLT2i versus GLP-1RA |
|---|---|---|
| Other secondary outcomes | ||
| MI hospitalizations | 0.81 (0.69, 0.95) | 1.01 (0.83, 1.23) |
| Stroke hospitalizations | 1.02 (0.74, 1.41) | 0.97 (0.63, 1.50) |
| All-cause mortality | 0.39 (0.34, 0.46) | 0.86 (0.72, 1.03) |
| MI, stroke or HF hospitalizations | 0.88 (0.82, 0.95) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.06) |
| Intention to treat analyses | ||
| HF hospitalizations | 0.79 (0.74, 0.83) | 0.89 (0.84, 0.95) |
| MI or stroke hospitalizations | 1.09 (1.00, 1.20) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.12) |
| HFpEF | SGLT2i versus DPP4i | SGLT2i versus GLP-1RA |
|---|---|---|
| Other secondary outcomes | ||
| MI hospitalizations | 0.88 (0.76, 1.02) | 0.96 (0.80, 1.14) |
| Stroke hospitalizations | 0.90 (0.68, 1.21) | 0.94 (0.67, 1.33) |
| All-cause mortality | 0.46 (0.40, 0.52) | 0.94 (0.80, 1.10) |
| MI, stroke or HF hospitalizations | 0.91 (0.85, 0.97) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) |
| Intention to treat analyses | ||
| HF hospitalizations | 0.76 (0.72, 0.80) | 0.91 (0.86, 0.97) |
| MI or stroke hospitalizations | 1.00 (0.92, 1.11) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.11) |
SGLT2i: sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors; DPP4i: dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors; GLP-1RA: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; CI: confidence intervals; IR: incidence rate; HR: hazard ratio
Hazard ratios adjusted for variables described in Table 1 and 2 using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting
See Additional file 1: Appendix Table S6 for number of events and incidence rates for secondary outcomes and sensitivity analysis