Table 1.
Demographics and biomarkers levels
| Paris cohort (n = 212) | BIODEGMAR cohort (n =175 ) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
CU Aβ− |
MCI Aβ− |
Dementia Aβ− |
MCI Aβ+ |
Dementia Aβ+ |
P-value |
CU Aβ− |
MCI Aβ− |
Dementia Aβ− |
CU Aβ+ |
MCI Aβ+ |
Dementia Aβ+ | P-value | |
| n = 21 | n = 47 | n = 27 | n = 40 | n = 77 | n=11 | n=28 | n=19 | n=7 | n=46 | n=64 | |||
| Age, years |
64.6 (9.42) |
66.30 (9.58) | 66.04 (7.73) | 72.40 (7.96)a | 71.90 (8.61)a | < 0.0001 |
70.4 (5.8) |
71.4 (6.1) |
70.0 (6.1) |
70.1 (4.5) |
74.4 (4.8) |
73.5 (4.5) |
0.009 |
| Male (% male) |
8 (38%) |
16 (34%) |
15 (56%) |
16 (40%) |
30 (39%) |
0.338 |
3 (27%) |
16 (57%) |
6 (32%) |
2 (29%) |
19 (41%) |
25 (39%) |
0.141 |
| APOEε4 carriers |
7/21 (33%) |
5/47 (11%)a |
7/26 (27%) |
22/40 (55%) |
51/76 (67%)a |
< 0.001 |
1/10 (10%) |
4/24 (17%) |
3/18 (17%) |
3/7 (43%) |
24/38 (63%)a | 39/62 (61%)a | < 0.02 |
| Level of education, years | 11.5 (2.4) | 10.7 (2.2) | 11.0 (2.1) | 10.0 (2.5) | 10.6 (2.4) | 0.299 | 10.4 (4.9) | 8.5 (4.6) | 7.75 (4.7) | 11.4 (4.0) | 8.4 (4.6) | 7.7 (3.6) | 0.0267 |
| MMSE score | 27.14 (2.45) | 24.00 (4.01)a | 23.85 (4.87)a | 23.82 (3.84)a | 19.09 (5.74)a | < 0.0001 |
28.4 (2.3) |
25.6 (2.7) |
22.2 (5.8)a |
28.7 (1.5) |
23.3 (3.9)a |
20.4 (4.8)a |
< 0.0001 |
| Core biomarkers Lumipulse | |||||||||||||
| CSF Aβ1–42 |
1060.95 (245.23) |
1090.66 (468.75) | 1027.78 (354.02) | 553.00 (209.36)a | 497.88 (155.27)a | < 0.0001 |
1186 (357) |
1164 (549) |
986 (449) |
634 (206)a |
556 (178)a |
522 (153)a |
< 0.0001 |
| CSF Aβ1–42/40 |
0.093 (0.010) |
0.088 (0.012) |
0.09 (0.01) |
0.044 (0.009)a | 0.042 (0.009)a | < 0.0001 | 0.091 (0.017) | 0.0879 (0.012) | 0.091 (0.017) | 0.049 (0.008)a | 0.043 (0.009)a | 0.043 (0.008)a | < 0.0001 |
| CSF pTau, pg/mL |
32.25 (8.16) |
40.97 (20.81) |
33.59 (10.50) |
94.80 (47.31)a | 113.53 (60.02)a | < 0.0001 |
56.8 (31.4) |
50.2 (30.9) |
41.0 (24.4) |
59.1 (14.3) |
112 (59.6)a |
121.4 (57.9)a | < 0.0001 |
| CSF t-tau, pg/mL |
236.62 (63.69) |
333,085 (172.630) |
362.26 (341.90) |
594.83 (285.45)a | 722.01 (393.87)a | < 0.0001 |
307 (141) |
357 (230) |
311 (166) |
407 (107) |
669 (323)a |
759 (342)a |
< 0.0001 |
| Biomarker profile | |||||||||||||
| Normal profile | 21 (100%) | 39 (83%) | 25 (92%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (82%%) | 24 (86%) | 17 (89%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| AD continuum | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 40 (100%) | 77 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (100%) | 46 (100%) | 64 (100%) | ||
| A+T− | / | / | / | 7 (18%) | 10 (13%) | / | / | / | 6 (86%) |
11 (24%) |
3 (5%) |
||
| A+T+ | / | / | / | 33 (82%) | 67 (87%) | / | / | / |
1 (14%) |
35 (76%) |
61 (95%) |
||
| SNAP |
0 (0%) |
8 (17%) | 2 (8%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
2 (18%) | 4 (14%) | 2 (11%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| CSF p-tau biomarkers | |||||||||||||
| CSF N-term p-tau181, pg/mL |
224.72 (66.33) |
300.708 (245.52) | 242.23 (110.58) | 965.91 (628.08) a | 1223.94 (802.66)a | < 0.0001 |
427 (110) |
410 (164) |
426 (168) |
494 (129) |
771 (257)a |
871 (343)a |
< 0.0001 |
| CSF N-term p-tau217, pg/mL |
1.84 (0.94) |
2.90 (2.50) |
2.14 (1.67) |
13.88 (9.48)a | 16.62 (9.74)a | < 0.0001 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| CSF N-term p-tau231, pg/mL |
271.93 (64.74) |
325.05 (148.44) | 286.62 (114.72) | 657.64 (205.53)a | 800.58 (640.95)a | < 0.0001 |
313 (211) |
348 (201) |
331 (236) |
541 (144) |
788 (399)a |
893 (469)a |
< 0.0001 |
| CSF N-term p-tau235, pg/mL |
11.19 (2.94) |
12.74 (5.67) | 11.56 (4.30) | 24.75 (8.11)a | 28.03 (11.52)a | < 0.0001 |
17.6 (8.10) |
18.5 (11.3) |
17.4 (7.23) |
23.1 (3.65) |
34.8 (12.9)a |
41.6 (20.0)a |
< 0.0001 |
Data is shown as mean (SD) or n (%), as appropriate. We used Kruskal-Wallis test to compare age between groups and Pearson’s chi-square to compare sex and APOE ε4 frequencies between groups. Fluid biomarkers levels and MMSE were compared with a one-way ANOVA adjusted by age and sex. aP < 0.0001 versus controls. aP < 0.05 versus CU Aβ−
Aβ1-42 β-amyloid 42, Aβ1-40 β-amyloid 40, CSF Cerebrospinal fluid, CU Cognitively unimpaired, MCI Mild cognitive impairment, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, N-term N-terminal, p-tau181 Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, p-tau217 Tau phosphorylated at threonine 217, p-tau231 Tau phosphorylated at threonine 231, p-tau235 Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, t-tau Total tau