Table 3.

Sows’ nutrient intake, milk yield and components output, and piglets’ growth rate

Items	Low fat (3%)	High fat (8%)1	Fat sources (8%)2				SEM	P-value3
			CO	OFO	FO	SO		Fat level	Fat source
Feed intake, kg/d	7.04	7.18	7.37	7.07	7.22	7.04	0.145	0.39	0.25
DM intake, kg/d	6.33	6.41	6.62a	6.15b	6.52a	6.35ab	0.123	0.59	0.05
Crude fat intake, g/d	457*	665	697a	655bc	673ab	635c	12.4	< 0.001	< 0.01
ME intake, MJ/d	102*	110	112	108	110	108	2.2	< 0.01	0.32
Milk yield
Day 10 to 17, kg/d	10.9	11.2	11.3	11.5	10.5	11.6	0.41	0.41	0.28
Day 1 to 28, kg/d	10.1	10.4	10.5	10.7	9.7	10.7	0.40	0.42	0.31
Daily output in milk
DM, kg/d	1.99	2.12	2.22	2.05	1.98	2.23	0.083	0.13	0.09
Fat, kg/d	0.72*	0.81	0.92a	0.70b	0.73b	0.88a	0.043	0.05	< 0.01
Protein, kg/d	0.51	0.52	0.53	0.52	0.49	0.54	0.018	0.36	0.33
Lactose, kg/d	0.64	0.66	0.65	0.69	0.61	0.67	0.028	0.68	0.32
Energy, MJ/d	50.5	54.7	59.1a	51.0b	50.5b	58.1a	2.33	0.10	0.02
Piglet growth rate
Litter size on d 1, pigs	12	12	12	12	12	12	-	-	-
Litter size on d 28, pigs	10.3	10.8	10.9	10.3	10.7	11.2	0.28	0.13	0.24
Litter average daily gain on d 1 to 28, kg/d	2.54	2.65	2.67	2.75	2.37	2.82	0.195	0.57	0.44

CO Coconut oil, OFO Octanoic acid plus fish oil, FO Fish oil, SO Sunflower oil, DM Dry matter

¹ This column presents the mean value of high-fat groups from the contrast between low-fat group and four high-fat groups

² The low-fat group is excluded from the statistical analysis of fat sources

³ Each treatment contained 8 replicates (n = 8)

^* Significant differences between fat levels are marked with an asterisk in the low-fat column (P ≤ 0.05)

^a–c Significant differences between the fat sources are marked with different superscripts (P ≤ 0.05)