Table 5.

Daily output of fatty acids and carbon from fatty acids in milk, g/d

Items	Low fat (3%)	High fat (8%)1	Fat sources (8%)2				SEM	P-value3
			CO	OFO	FO	SO		Fat level	Fat source
C8	0.3*	0.5	0.4b	1.1a	0.3b	0.2b	0.08	0.01	< 0.001
C10	1.9	2.4	3.3a	2.3b	2.1b	1.8b	0.22	0.06	0.001
C12	2.1*	16.6	57.7a	3.3b	3.1b	2.1b	2.30	< 0.001	< 0.001
C14	28.9*	47.9	83.2a	37.2bc	43.8b	27.2c	3.63	< 0.001	< 0.001
C16	292.5	289.4	329.1	286.6	272	269.9	19.18	0.88	0.12
C18	299.7	317.7	292.6b	258.0b	233.8b	486.4a	21.53	0.44	< 0.001
C20	8.2*	17.5	6.5c	20.2b	33.1a	10.0c	1.10	< 0.001	< 0.001
C22	2.2*	15.0	1.9d	20.0b	35.8a	2.4c	1.12	< 0.001	< 0.001
C24	0.6	0.7	0.5b	0.6b	0.9a	0.9a	0.09	0.08	0.01
Odd-chain fatty acids	3.1	3.3	3.6	3.2	3.7	2.6	0.30	0.56	0.07
SFA	282.4	317.1	419.5a	284.3b	278.5b	286.0b	19.86	0.11	< 0.001
MUFA	284.9	269.5	291.2	262.3	244.7	279.6	19.68	0.46	0.33
PUFA	73.0*	125.4	69.3c	86.8bc	106.2b	239.3a	8.08	< 0.001	< 0.001
Total FA	638	696	778a	613b	593b	802a	41.4	0.19	0.002
Total FA-derived carbon	485	539	587a	480b	478b	612a	31.5	0.11	0.01

CO Coconut oil, OFO Octanoic acid plus fish oil, FO Fish oil, SO Sunflower oil, SFA Saturated fatty acids, MUFA Mono-unsaturated fatty acids, PUFA Poly-unsaturated fatty acids, FA Fatty acid

¹ This column presents the mean value of high-fat groups from the contrast between low-fat group and four high-fat groups

² The low-fat group is excluded from the statistical analysis of fat sources

³ Each treatment contained 8 replicates (n = 8)

^* Significant differences between fat levels are marked with an asterisk in the low-fat column (P ≤ 0.05)

^a–c significant differences between the fat sources are marked with different superscripts (P ≤ 0.05)