. 2023 Mar 10;22:42. doi: 10.1186/s12939-023-01858-x

Table 5.

Difference test for health outcomes in populations with different characteristics

Variable	Low socioeconomic status				Middle socioeconomic status
	Chronic diseases		Good or better self-rated health status		Chronic diseases		Good or better self-rated health status
	%	$χ$ ²	%	$χ$ ²	%	$χ$ ²	%	$χ$ ²
Gender
Male	38.1	13.572^**	67.2	3.009	20.2	15.096^**	76.9	1.384
Female	31	13.572^**	63.9	3.009	11.8	15.096^**	73.9	1.384
Age
18 ~ 39 years	4.0	320.986^**	79.1	32.356^**	3.3	226.308^**	80.1	20.011^**
40 ~ 59 years	28.3		65.2		25.6		72.1
60 ~ 69 years	57.1		60.7		57.6		61.6
Rural/Urban
Rural	33.8	0.913	64.6	1.499	15.2	1.571	74.3	1.14
Urban	35.7	0.913	67.0	1.499	18.0	1.571	77.1	1.14
Marital Status
Single	24.4	9.289	62.2	1.419	3.0	56.571^**	85.2	20.037^**
Married	34.5		65.7		19.5		73.4
Separated	40.0		70.0		14.3		85.7
Divorced	24.2		65.7		15.9		61.4
Widowed	45		60.0		61.5		76.9
Census register
Local	38.1	106.331^**	63.5	29.392^**	17.9	13.999^**	74.9	1.689
Other places	8.0	106.331^**	79.4	29.392^**	5.2	13.999^**	80.0	1.689

^**p < 0.01