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[{"$nulls":8},"AREA / ISSUE BEING ADDRESSED Initial Assessment (from T&Abs)",{"$nulls":3},"WHAT they are doing (initial assessment from T&Abs)",null,"HOW   Initial Assessment (from T&Abs)",{"$nulls":3},"City & city size"]
["Author","Year","Title ","Abstract","Outcome 2 (FINAL OUTCOME)","Journal","Database","Type of reference","AREA / ISSUE BEING ADDRESSED - Descriptive","Health(not servcies) =1, Healthcare (Healthservice) =2","2nd level  coding of issue being  addressed","Communicable = 1, non communicable = 2","WHAT       what are they doing (initial assessment from T&Abs)","1st level         0=not stated 1=education/support program  2=change to physcial environment   3=service reform 4=Digital/IT/Data      7=comprehensive   ","HOW   Initial Assessment - Descriptive","1st (primary) level  Not stated = 0   Policy = 1\nCollaboration = 2\nService Reform = 3\nLaw = 4          City Health Dept Prog=5 Fiscal=6  Research=7   National/Federal/philanthropic/chairty programme/funding = 8","2nd level          None=0            Policy = 1\nCollaboration = 2\nService Reform = 3\nLaw = 4          Health Dept Prog=5","3rd level    was the mayor mentioned   1 = yes           0 = no      2=city political leadershp referecned but not Mayor","City description","city coding","City","Country","Lookup Value","City Country  Main codes  0=Not Stated 1=USA         2=Canada   3=England   see codings tab for full list","City continent  0=not stated/multiple 1=North America   2=South America   3=Europe\n4=Asia    5=Austrailia    6=Africa    7=Antarctica  8=global","outcome rating/coding:0=not stated, 1= input (eg volume measure) or process measure, 2=outcome measure (health or direct health benefit), 3= negative effect / no effect"]
["Lemstra, M.",2015,"The healthy weights initiative","Few community-based obesity reduction programs have been evaluated. After 153 community consultations, the city of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada decided to initiate a free comprehensive program. The initiative included 71 letters of support from the mayor, every family physician, cardiologist and internist in the city and every relevant community group including the Heart and Stroke Foundation, the Canadian Cancer Society and the Public Health Agency of Canada. The objective was to promote strong adherence while positively influencing a wide range of physical and mental health variables measured through objective assessment or validated surveys. The only inclusion criteria was that the individuals must be obese adults (BMI >30). Participants were requested to sign-up with a \"buddy\" who was also obese and identify three family members or friends to sign a social support contract. During the initial 12 weeks, each individual received 60 group exercise sessions, 12 group cognitive behaviour therapy sessions and 12 group dietary sessions with licensed professionals. During the second 12 week period, maintenance therapy included 12 group exercise sessions. To date, 243 people have been referred with 229 starting. Among those who started, 183 completed the program (79.9%) while 15 quit for medical reasons and 31 quit for personal reasons. Mean objective reductions included 31.0 pounds of body fat, 3.9 percent body fat, 2.9 inches from the waist, 2.3 inches from the hip, blood cholesterol by 0.5 mmol/L, systolic blood pressure by 5.9 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 3.2 mmHg (all p<.000). There were no changes in blood sugar levels. There was also statistically significant differences in aerobic fitness, self-report health, quality of life measured by SF-36 and depressed mood measured by CES-D (all p<.000). An independent risk factor for not completing the program was not having a family member or friend sign a social support contract (OR 2.91; 95% CI 1.01-8.34, p=.047). Education level was a confounder. Comprehensive obesity reduction programs can be effective when there is extensive consultation at the community level and social support at the individual level.","y","Circulation. Conference: American Heart Association's","Embase","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"comprehensive weight loss program",1,"collaborative programme",2,0,1,"moose Jaw, saskatchewan, canada ",135,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T5,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Moose Jaw"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T5,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},{"$f":"+V5&U5","v":"canadaMoose Jaw"},2,1,2]
["Mehdipanah, R.; Manzano, A.; Borrell, C.; Malmusi, D.; Rodriguez-Sanz, M.; Greenhalgh, J.; Muntaner, C.; Pawson, R.",2015,"Exploring complex causal pathways between urban renewal, health and health inequality using a theory-driven realist approach","INTRODUCTION: Urban populations are growing and to accommodate these numbers, cities are becoming more involved in urban renewal programs to improve the physical, social and economic conditions in different areas. This paper explores some of the complexities surrounding the link between urban renewal, health and health inequalities using a theory-driven approach. METHODS: We focus on an urban renewal initiative implemented in Barcelona, the Neighbourhoods Law, targeting Barcelona's (Spain) most deprived neighbourhoods. We present evidence from two studies on the health evaluation of the Neighbourhoods Law, while drawing from recent urban renewal literature, to follow a four-step process to develop a program theory. We then use two specific urban renewal interventions, the construction of a large central plaza and the repair of streets and sidewalks, to further examine this link. DISCUSSION: In order for urban renewal programs to affect health and health inequality, neighbours must use and adapt to the changes produced by the intervention. However, there exist barriers that can result in negative outcomes including factors such as accessibility, safety and security. CONCLUSION: This paper provides a different perspective to the field that is largely dominated by traditional quantitative studies that are not always able to address the complexities such interventions provide. Furthermore, the framework and discussions serve as a guide for future research, policy development and evaluation.","y","Social science & medicine (1982)","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,51,2,"urban renew intervention (physical environment)",2,"law",4,0,0,"barcelona",13,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T6,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Barcelona"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T6,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},{"$f":"+V6&U6","v":"spainBarcelona"},4,3,0]
["Fisher, H. H.; Hoyte, T.; Purcell, D. W.; van Handel, M.; Williams, W.; Krueger, A.; Dietz, P.; Stratford, D.; Heitgerd, J.; Dunbar, E.; Wan, C.; Linley, L. A.; Flores, S. A.",2016,"Health department HIV prevention programs that support the national HIV/AIDS strategy: The enhanced comprehensive HIV prevention planning project, 2010-2013","Objective. The Enhanced Comprehensive HIV Prevention Planning project was the first initiative of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to address the goals of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS). Health departments in 12 U.S. cities with a high prevalence of AIDS conducted comprehensive program planning and implemented cost-effective, scalable HIV prevention interventions that targeted high-risk populations. We examined trends in health department HIV prevention programs in these cities during the project. Methods. We analyzed the number of people who received partner services, condoms distributed, and people tested for HIV, as well as funding allocations for selected HIV prevention programs by year and by site from October 2010 through September 2013. We assessed trends in the proportional change in services and allocations during the project period using generalized estimating equations. We also conducted thematic coding of program activities that targeted people living with HIV infection (PLWH). Results. We found significant increases in funding allocations for HIV testing and condom distribution. All HIV partner services indicators, condom distribution, and HIV testing of African American and Hispanic/Latino populations significantly increased. HIV tests associated with a new diagnosis increased significantly among those self-identifying as Hispanic/Latino but significantly decreased among African Americans. For programs targeting PLWH, health department activities included implementing new program models, improving local data use, and building local capacity to enhance linkage to HIV medical care, retention in care, and treatment adherence. Conclusions. Overall, these findings indicate that health departments in areas with a high burden of AIDS successfully shifted their HIV prevention resources to scale up important HIV programs and make progress toward NHAS goals.","y","Public Health Reports","Embase","Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,"HIV Prevention Initiatives",0,"CDC Programme",5,0,0,"12 Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T7,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T7,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Fisher, H. H.; Hoyte, T.; Flores, S. A.; Purcell, D. W.; Dunbar, E.; Stratford, D.",2016,"Evaluation framework for HIV prevention and care activities in the enhanced comprehensive HIV prevention planning project, 2010-2013","Objective. The Enhanced Comprehensive HIV Prevention Planning (ECHPP) project was a demonstration project implemented by 12 U.S. health departments (2010-2013) to enhance HIV program planning in cities with high AIDS prevalence, in support of National HIV/AIDS Strategy goals. Grantees were required to improve their planning and implementation of HIV prevention and care programs to increase their impact on local HIV epidemics. A multilevel evaluation using multiple data sources, spanning multiple years (2008-2015), will be conducted to assess the effect of ECHPP on client outcomes (e.g., HIV risk behaviors) and impact indicators (e.g., new HIV diagnoses). Methods. We designed an evaluation approach that includes a broad assessment of program planning and implementation, a detailed examination of HIV prevention and care activities across funding sources, and an analysis of environmental and contextual factors that may affect services. A data triangulation approach was incorporated to integrate findings across all indicators and data sources to determine the extent to which ECHPP contributed to trends in indicators. Results. To date, data have been collected for 2008-2009 (pre-ECHPP implementation) and 2010-2013 (ECHPP period). Initial analysis of process data indicate the ECHPP grantees increased their provision of HIV testing, condom distribution, and partner services programs and expanded their delivery of prevention programs for people diagnosed with HIV. Conclusion. The ECHPP evaluation (2008-2015) will assess whether ECHPP programmatic activities in 12 areas with high AIDS prevalence contributed to changes in client outcomes, and whether these changes were associated with changes in longer-term, community-level impact.","y","Public Health Reports","Embase","Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,"HIV Preventation Iniatives",0,"CDC programme",5,0,0,"multiple cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T8,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T8,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Flores, S. A.; Purcell, D. W.; Fisher, H. H.; Belcher, L.; Carey, J. W.; Courtenay-Quirk, C.; Dunbar, E.; Eke, A. N.; Galindo, C. A.; Glassman, M.; Margolis, A. D.; Neumann, M. S.; Prather, C.; Stratford, D.; Taylor, R. D.; Mermin, J.",2016,"Shifting resources and focus to meet the goals of the national HIV/AIDS strategy: The enhanced comprehensive HIV prevention planning project, 2010-2013","In September 2010, CDC launched the Enhanced Comprehensive HIV Prevention Planning (ECHPP) project to shift HIV-related activities to meet goals of the 2010 National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS). Twelve health departments in cities with high AIDS burden participated. These 12 grantees submitted plans detailing jurisdiction-level goals, strategies, and objectives for HIV prevention and care activities. We reviewed plans to identify themes in the planning process and initial implementation. Planning themes included data integration, broad engagement of partners, and resource allocation modeling. Implementation themes included organizational change, building partnerships, enhancing data use, developing protocols and policies, and providing training and technical assistance for new and expanded activities. Pilot programs also allowed grantees to assess the feasibility of large-scale implementation. These findings indicate that health departments in areas hardest hit by HIV are shifting their HIV prevention and care programs to increase local impact. Examples from ECHPP will be of interest to other health departments as they work toward meeting the NHAS goals.","y","Public Health Reports","Embase","Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,"HIV Preventation Iniatives",0,"CDC programme",5,0,0,"multiple cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T9,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T9,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Cahuas, M. C.; Wakefield, S.; Peng, Y.",2015,"Social change or business as usual at city hall? Examining an urban municipal government's response to neighbourhood-level health inequities","There is a renewed interest in the potential of municipal governments working collaboratively with local communities to address health inequities. A growing body of literature has also highlighted the benefits and limitations of participatory approaches in neighbourhood interventions initiated by municipal governments. However, few studies have investigated how neighbourhood interventions tackling health inequities work in real-time and in context, from the perspectives of Community Developers (CDs) who promote community participation. This study uses a process evaluation approach and semi-structured interviews with CDs to explore the challenges they face in implementing a community development, participatory process in the City of Hamilton's strategy to reduce health inequities - Neighbourhood Action. Findings demonstrate that municipal government can facilitate and suppress community participation in complex ways. CDs serve as significant but conflicted intermediaries as they negotiate and navigate power differentials between city and community actors, while also facing structural challenges. We conclude that community participation is important to bottom-up, resident-led social change, and that CDs are central to this work.","n","Social science & medicine (1982)","Embase","Journal Article","health inequalities",1,3,2,"city government initiated neighbourhood interventions",0,"local government sponsored community",5,2,0,"hamilton city",86,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T10,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hamilton"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T10,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaHamilton",2,1,0]
["Habilomatis, G.; Chaloulakou, A.",2015,"A CFD modeling study in an urban street canyon for ultrafine particles and population exposure: The intake fraction approach","Air quality in street canyons is of major importance, since the highest pollution levels are often encountered in these microenvironments. The canyon effect (reduced natural ventilation) makes them \"hot spots\" for particulate pollution contributing to adverse health effects for the exposed population. In this study we tried to characterize the influence of UFP (ultrafine particle) emissions from traffic on population exposure in an urban street canyon, by applying the intake fraction (iF) approach. One month long measurements of UFP levels have been monitored and used for the need of this study. We applied a three dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model based on real measurements for the simulation of UFP levels. We used infiltration factors, evaluated on a daily basis for the under study area, to estimate the indoor UFP levels. As a result the intake fraction for the pedestrians, residents and office workers is in the range of (1E-5)-(1E-4). The street canyon is mostly residential justifying partially the higher value of intake fraction for residents (1E-4). The above iF value is on the same order of magnitude with the corresponding one evaluated in a relative street canyon study. The total iF value in this microenvironment is one order of magnitude higher than ours, explained partially by the different use and activities. Two specific applications of iF to assess prioritization among emission sources and environmental justice issues are also examined. We ran a scenario with diesel and gasoline cars and diesel fueled vehicle seems to be a target source to improve overall iF. Our application focus on a small residential area, typical of urban central Athens, in order to evaluate high resolution iF. The significance of source-exposure relationship study in a micro scale is emphasized by recent research.","n","The Science of the total environment","Embase","Journal Article",null,"not stated",{"$nulls":7},0,null,null,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T11,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T11,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Kwakwa, H.; Wahome, R.; Gaye, O. H.; Mvula, N. Z.",2015,"The African diaspora health initiative: Enhancing access to health care for African and Caribbean immigrant populations in Philadelphia","Background: Travel and immigration to the US from areas of the world with higher prevalence of HIV is growing. Many persons in the US from resource-poor countries have limited access to health care including HIV testing. We describe the African Diaspora Health Initiative (ADHI), a project of health screening, integrated HIV testing and linkage to care in the African and Caribbean communities of Philadelphia. Methods: Launched in 2011, ADHI is a series of Clinics Without Walls (CWW) conducted in settings where African and Caribbean persons are scheduled to gather. Individuals are screened for hypertension, diabetes and HIV. A Project Clinician meets with individual participants to advise them on lifestyle changes including risk reduction. All those returning an abnormal test result or found to have any other health needs are referred to the public city health centers of Philadelphia, and are subsequently followed up to ensure attendance. We present project outcomes data for the first three project years. Results: Between March 2011 and September 2014, 4,100 first generation African and Caribbean persons were screened in 299 Clinics Without Walls. Of these, 520 were referred for further care and 467 attended an initial medical visit. Acceptance rate for HIV testing was 92%. Previously undiagnosed HIV was detected in 95 participants, and 93 of these were successfully linked to care. Rates of hypertension ranged from 21.6% among African men to 26.4% for Caribbean women. Diabetes rates ranged from 6.7% in African women to 14.6% in Caribbean men. HIV prevalence was lowest among Caribbean women at 0.5% and highest for Caribbean men at 8.6%. Among the 467 linked to care, chronic Hepatitis B prevalence was 13% among Africans and 2% among Caribbean individuals. Conclusions: Access to care for immigrants as they integrate into US society is critical, and HIV testing must be included in this care. With the lifting of the HIV entry ban in 2010, novel strategies to provide testing are important, and integrating HIV testing into a larger access to health care initiative is not only needed but is accepted by the target population. Our current \"test and treat\" approach works for this marginalized population only to the extent that they access any care at all. Utilizing Clinics Without Walls facilitates the process since it eliminates the need to convene the target population. This model may be modified in resource-rich countries to engage immigrants from resourcepoor countries in HIV testing and in care.","y","Topics in Antiviral Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","Access to healthcare",2,2,1,"outreach test and treat",3,"increased capacity / new service model",3,0,0,"philadelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T12,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T12,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,1]
["Fan, M.; Sun, J.; Zhou, B.; Chen, M.",2016,"The Smart Health Initiative in China: The Case of Wuhan, Hubei Province","To introduce smart health in Wuhan, and provide some references for other cities. As the largest mega-city in central China, Wuhan is investing large amounts of resources to push forward the development of Smart Wuhan and Health Wuhan, and it has unique features. It is one of the centerpieces of China's New Healthcare Reform, and great hope is put on it to help solve the conflict between limited healthcare resources and the large population of patients. How to plan and design smart health is important. The construction of Wuhan Smart Health includes some aspects as follows, like requirement analysis, the establishment of objectives and blueprint, the architecture design of regional health information platform, evaluation and implementation, problems and solutions, and so on. Wuhan Smart Health has obtained some achievements in health network, information systems, resident's health records, information standard, and the first phase of municipal health information platform. The focus of this article is the whole construction process of smart health in Wuhan. Although there are some difficulties during this period, some smart health services and management have been reflected. Compared with other cities or countries, Wuhan Smart Health has its own advantages and disadvantages. This study aims to provide a reference for other cities. Because smart health of Wuhan is characteristic in construction mode. Though still in the initial stage, it has great potentials in the future.","y","Journal of Medical Systems","Embase","Journal Article","data and information",2,0,2,"digital connectivity (smart health)",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"wuhan",221,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T13,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Wuhan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T13,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaWuhan",5,4,0]
["Staudt, A. M.; Alamgir, H.; Long, D. L.; Inscore, S. C.; Wood, P. R.",2015,"Developing and Implementing a Citywide Asthma Action Plan: A Community Collaborative Partnership","Objectives Asthma affects 1 in 10 children in the United States, with higher prevalence among children living in poverty. Organizations in San Antonio, Texas, partnered to design and implement a uniform, citywide asthma action plan to improve asthma management capacity in schools. Methods The asthma action plan template was modified from that of the Global Initiative for Asthma. School personnel were trained in symptom recognition, actions to take, and use of equipment before the asthma action plan implementation. The annual Asthma Action Plan Summit was organized as a forum for school nurses, healthcare providers, and members of the community to exchange ideas and strategies on implementation, as well as to revise the plan. Results The asthma action plan was implemented in all 16 local school districts. Feedback received from school nurses suggests that the citywide asthma action plan resulted in improved asthma management and student health at schools. Conclusions The evidence in this study suggests that community organizations can successfully collaborate to implement a citywide health initiative similar to the asthma action plan.","y","Southern Medical Journal","Embase","Journal Article","asthma",1,5,2,"Asthma Action Plan in Schools",1,"partnership",2,0,0,"san antonio, texas",179,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T14,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Antonio"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T14,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Antonio",1,1,1]
["Cobb, L. K.; Anderson, C. A.; Appel, L.; Jones-Smith, J.; Bilal, U.; Gittelsohn, J.; Franco, M.",2015,"Baltimore city stores increased the availability of healthy food after WIC policy change","As part of a 2009 revision to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program, the Department of Agriculture required WIC-authorized stores to stock additional varieties of healthy food. The long-term effects of this policy on access to healthy food are unknown. Using surveys conducted in 118 Baltimore City, Maryland, food stores in 2006 and 2012, we examined associations of the change in healthy food availability with store type, neighborhood demographics, and the 2009 WIC policy change. Overall, healthy food availability improved significantly between 2006 and 2012, with the greatest increases in corner stores and in census tracts with more than 60 percent black residents. On an 11-point scale measuring availability of fruit (3 points), vegetables (4 points), bread (2 points), and milk (2 points), the WIC policy change was associated with a 0.72-point increase in WIC-relevant healthy food availability, while joining WIC was associated with a 0.99-point increase. Stores that carry a limited variety of food items may be more receptive to stocking healthier food than previously thought, particularly within neighborhoods with a majority of black residents. Policies targeting healthy food availability have the potential to increase availability and decrease health disparities.","y","Health Affairs","Embase","Journal Article","healthy food",1,28,2,"improved access to helathy food",2,"policy",1,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T15,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T15,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Shimono, N.; Yasunaga, S.; Mori, H.; Toyoda, K.; Nishio, H.; Yamada, T.; Morokuma, Y.; Kiyosuke, M.; Takata, T.; Ishimaru, T.",2015,"Our infection control activities in Fukuoka District in Japan","Purpose: Infection control activities had been performed in a single hospital to prevent nosocomial infection. Infectious diseases usually spread borderlessly, and nowadays drug resistant bacteria have become popular even in the community. And we always have the risk to face against emerging infectious diseases. From this point of view, hospitals in the district should make concerted and united efforts against infection control. In Japan, small group network formation has been required by the government from 2012. Besides this network, we developed further network formation consisting of 80 hospitals and aimed to progress in infection control. Methods: Our department (Center for the study of global infection) was established on Nov 2011, and started several infection control activities. In managing infectious diseases, proper measures in infection control and appropriate judgment in diagnosis and treatment are two big pillars. As to infection control, quality improvements in consciousness of preventing infection and in skills of healthcare workers are important. First we continued having conferences on infection control affairs. Secondly, we have started three programs for cultivation of human resources. Results: Fukuoka city is located in the north of Kyushu Island in Japan, which has 1.5 million people. About 80 hospitals have joined the Fukuoka ICT network and hold periodic conferences twice a year and discuss about infection control affairs each other. From the questionnaire, we could confirm the improvement of consciousness against infection control. Three programs consist of the first program for improvement of nurses' skills, the second program for antimicrobial stewardship for physicians and pharmacists and the third program for the proper performance of microbiological examination for physicians and microbiological technologists. Through these conferences, we could qualify the improvement of healthcare workers in infection control. Conclusions: The importance of network formation and improvement in consciousness and skills in all health care workers are recognized important once again.","y","Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection","Embase","Journal Article","infection control",2,41,1,"establised a network and education and events",1,"policy requiremnt to establish",1,2,0,"fukuoka city",74,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T16,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"fukuoka"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T16,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"japan"},"japanfukuoka",35,4,0]
["Djellouli, N.; Quevedo-Gomez, M. C.",2015,"Challenges to successful implementation of HIV and AIDS-related health policies in Cartagena, Colombia","The Caribbean region presents the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS worldwide after sub-Saharan Africa; leading to serious social, economic and health consequences at the local scale but also at the regional and global levels. In Colombia, a national plan to tackle the epidemic was formulated with little evidence that its implementation in the local context is effective. This study focused on Cartagena - one of Colombia's largest cities and an international touristic hub - that presents one of the highest HIV prevalences in the country, to investigate whether the national plan accounts for local specificities and what are the barriers to local implementation. Based on the Contextual Interaction Theory (CIT), this qualitative research relied upon 27 interviews and 13 life stories of local inhabitants and stakeholders, collected in a first fieldwork in 2006-2007. A follow-up data collection took place in 2013 with 10 participants: key policymakers and implementers, NGO representatives and local inhabitants. Barriers identified by the participants included: local population's understandings and beliefs on condom use; stigma and discrimination; lack of collaboration from the Church, the education sector and local politicians; corruption; high staff turnover; frequent changes in leadership; lack of economic and human resources; and barriers to health care access. The findings suggest that global influences also have an impact on the CIT framework (e.g. international organisations as a major financier in HIV prevention). The participants put forward several feasible solutions to implementation barriers. We discuss how several of the proposed solutions have been applied in other Latin American and Caribbean countries and yielded positive results. However, further research is needed to find possible ways of overcoming certain barriers identified by this study such as corruption, the lack of collaboration of the Church and barriers to health care access.","y","Social science & medicine (1982)","Embase","Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,"Policy changes",0,"policy",1,0,0,"cartagena, columbia",40,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T17,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Cartagena"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T17,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Colombia"},"ColombiaCartagena",6,2,0]
["Ford, M.; Johnson, N.; Desai, P.; Rude, E. J.; Laraque, F.",2015,"From care to a cure: Improving the hepatitis C care cascade through patient navigation in the check hep C program in New York City","Background: Of the estimated 146,500 persons with hepatitis C (HCV) infection in New York City (NYC), only about 10% are thought to have ever received treatment. New, highly effective HCV treatments provide an impetus for increased public health efforts to support HCV-infected persons along the care cascade from diagnosis to cure. Check Hep C, a program of the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH), provided HCV screening, navigation, and tele-medicine in Year 1. Over 4,000 persons were tested, and 512 were RNA positive. Of those, 435 (85%) were linked to care, 14 initiated treatment and 3 had a sustained virological response (SVR). The small number of patients treated and cured highlighted the need for intensified patient navigation services through treatment. Methods: In Year 2, navigation services were provided at four sites following a standardized protocol. Services included a comprehensive social and health assessment, appointment assistance, support for medical evaluation and treatment, and pharmacy coordination. Patient navigators worked to enroll a target of 400 participants and form strong relationships with the multidisciplinary team involved in each patient's care. Program data were entered in a standard database by the patient navigators and sent to DOHMH. Descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: Between March 2014 and January 2015, 388 (97% of the target) participants were enrolled in Check Hep C. The median age of participants was 52 years, and 236 (61%) were born between 1945-1965. Of 376 participants with race/ethnicity data, 242 (64%) were Hispanic and 103 (27%) were Black, non-Hispanic. Of 364 participants with risk history data, 182 (50%) had current chemical dependence, 108 (30%) had a history of intravenous drug use, and 91 (25%) were homeless. As of April 2015, 308 (79%) participants received HCV medical care, and 301 (78%) completed an HCV medical evaluation, of which 232 (77%) were treatment candidates. Of the treatment candidates, 116 (50%) initiated treatment, and 86 (74%) of those completed treatment. Thus far, 70 participants (81% of those who completed treatment) achieved SVR. Conclusion: The Check Hep C program successfully assisted high-need participants through HCV care and treatment, including those with active chemical dependence and homelessness, helping a much higher number of patients in achieving SVR in Year 2. Programs such as this community- based patient navigation intervention can help improve the HCV care cascade, particularly for high-need persons. Sustainable sources of funding, including insurance reimbursement, need to be provided to support these critical services.","y","Hepatology","Embase","Journal Article","hepitatus C",2,6,1,"Screening, navigation and telemedicine",3,"DOHMH program",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T18,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T18,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Koplan, J.; Redmon, P.; Duan, Y.; Duan, Z.; Wood, J.",2015,"The role of cities in reducing smoking in China","Program/Project Purpose: China is the epi-center of the global tobacco epidemic, and cities have a unique opportunity in leading the tobacco control charge from the 'bottom up'. In 2008 - 2013, the Emory Global Health Institute - China Tobacco Control Partnership supported a city-based Tobacco Free Cities program aimed at changing tobacco use social norms through smoke-free policies, targeted programs and media campaigns. The lessons learned for the successful World Bank Health VII program were applied to developing the program model. Structure/Method/Design: In 2009, the Tobacco Free Cities program was launched and 17 cities were selected to participate in the grant program. The selection was non-random and based on population size, geographic location, political will of city leadership, support of leading public health units, characteristics of industrial, economic and social structure of the city and expressed enthusiasm to address tobacco control. The major focus of the program was to change social norms of tobacco use at the subnational level by establishing tobacco control programs aimed at smoke free policy adoption, targeted programs, and media and health education programs. Tailored training and technical support was provided to build team capacity and ensure program sustainability. Outcomes & Evaluation: All of the cities were able to make some progress in adopting smoke-free policies at the sector level (hospitals, government agencies, schools, enterprises, restaurants and hotels and religious sites), and 6 of the cities adopted city-wide smoke-free public places policies. Eleven of the cities launched mass media campaigns and all of the grantees engaged the media in their work and secured media mentions in the local media outlets. Going Forward: Five cities that were unable to successfully meet their goals of building and sustaining effective tobacco control. They encountered challenges such as a lack of support from leaders and decision-makers, changes in staffing and leadership, inadequate staf.","y","Annals of Global Health","Embase","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"various interventions (policies, programs, media)",1,"program",1,5,2,"17 Chinese cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T19,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T19,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",5,4,0]
["Prasad, A.; Kano, M.; Dagg, K. A. M.; Mori, H.; Senkoro, H. H.; Ardakani, M. A.; Elfeky, S.; Good, S.; Engelhardt, K.; Ross, A.; Armada, F.",2015,"Prioritizing action on health inequities in cities: An evaluation of Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART) in 15 cities from Asia and Africa","Following the recommendations of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2008), the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (HEART) to support local stakeholders in identifying and planning action on health inequities. The objective of this report is to analyze the experiences of cities in implementing Urban HEART in order to inform how the future development of the tool could support local stakeholders better in addressing health inequities.The study method is documentary analysis from independent evaluations and city implementation reports submitted to WHO. Independent evaluations were conducted in 2011-12 on Urban HEART piloting in 15 cities from seven countries in Asia and Africa: Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, Mongolia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam.Local or national health departments led Urban HEART piloting in 12 of the 15 cities. Other stakeholders commonly engaged included the city council, budget and planning departments, education sector, urban planning department, and the mayor's office. Ten of the 12 core indicators recommended in Urban HEART were collected by at least 10 of the 15 cities. Improving access to safe water and sanitation was a priority equity-oriented intervention in 12 of the 15 cities, while unemployment was addressed in seven cities.Cities who piloted Urban HEART displayed confidence in its potential by sustaining or scaling up its use within their countries. Engagement of a wider group of stakeholders was more likely to lead to actions for improving health equity. Indicators that were collected were more likely to be acted upon. Quality of data for neighbourhoods within cities was one of the major issues.As local governments and stakeholders around the world gain greater control of decisions regarding their health, Urban HEART could prove to be a valuable tool in helping them pursue the goal of health equity.","y","Social Science and Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","health inequalities",1,8,2,"improving access to safe water, sanitation, employment",2,"WHO Programme",10,0,1,"15 cities in Asia and Africa",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T20,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T20,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Lemstra, M.; Rogers, M. R.",2015,"The importance of community consultation and social support in adhering to an obesity reduction program: Results from the Healthy Weights Initiative","Background: Few community-based obesity reduction programs have been evaluated. After 153 community consultations, the City of Moose Jaw, SK, Canada, decided to initiate a free comprehensive program. The initiative included 71 letters of support from the mayor, every family physician, cardiologist, and internist in the city, and every relevant community group including the Heart and Stroke Foundation, the Canadian Cancer Society, and the Public Health Agency of Canada. Objective: To promote strong adherence while positively influencing a wide range of physical and mental health variables measured through objective assessment or validated surveys. Methods: The only inclusion criterion was that the individuals must be obese adults (body mass index > 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Participants were requested to sign up with a \"buddy\" who was also obese and identify three family members or friends to sign a social support contract. During the initial 12 weeks, each individual received 60 group exercise sessions, 12 group cognitive behavioral therapy sessions, and 12 group dietary sessions with licensed professionals. During the second 12-week period, maintenance therapy included 12 group exercise sessions (24 weeks in total). Results: To date, 243 people have been referred with 229 starting. Among those who started, 183 completed the program (79.9%), while 15 quit for medical reasons and 31 quit for personal reasons. Mean objective reductions included the following: 31.0 lbs of body fat, 3.9% body fat, 2.9 in from the waist, 2.3 in from the hip, blood cholesterol by 0.5 mmol/L, systolic blood pressure by 5.9 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure by 3.2 mmHg (all P < 0.000). There were no changes in blood sugar levels. There was also statistically significant differences in aerobic fitness, self-report health, quality of life measured by Short Form-36, and depressed mood measured by Beck Depression Inventory-II (all P < 0.000). Independent risk factors for not completing the program were not having a family member or friend sign a social support contract (odds ratio 2.91, 95% confidence interval 1.01-8.34, P=0.047) and lower education (odds ratio 2.90, 95% confidence interval 1.20-7.03, P=0.018). Conclusion: Comprehensive obesity reduction programs can be effective when there is extensive consultation at the community level and social support at the individual level.","y","Patient Preference and Adherence","Embase","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"obesity reduction programme",1,"program",2,2,1,"Moose Jaw, Canada",135,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T21,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Moose Jaw"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T21,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaMoose Jaw",2,1,2]
["Machmud, R.; Haris, D.; Thompson, M.; Mukhtar, M.",2015,"Involving school children and multisector approach as strategies to reduce the stigma of TB in Indonesia","Background and challenges to implementation: The stigma of TB is the biggest obstacle to TB control in Indonesia. Many efforts have been taken to overcome it, but it does not have a substantial leverage to reduce stigma. The approaches taken so far have weaknesses as they target to educate only adults. The community empowerment against tuberculosis (CEPAT) project funded by USAID and lead by JKM was implemented in West Sumatara, Indonesia, involving children and high-level people with a wide sector approach. Intervention: The activities were started and carried out in January 2013 in the city of Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. We have a partnership with the provincial health office and 19 district health offices. It involves the governor, all regents, mayors and members of parliament in big launching events. We collaborated with West Sumatera Provincial Health Office of to involve the wives of the governor and regent/mayor to educate children about TB. The governor's wife took a part as leader in conducting a coloring books and knowledge competitions about TB in their region. Local and national media, newspapers and television covered the activities. Results and lessons learnt: The first TB coloring book competition was conducted in a provincial region among 600 children aged 6-9 years attending grades 1 to 3 in elementary school. The children coming to the event accompany by their parents and their teacher. More than 1000 people attended. After the event 10 teachers were trained in the promotion of TB prevention education to schoolchildren. Furthermore, these activities will be conducted in all districts of West Sumatra during the multi-year project. The results of this approach are to change mindset of the community to be proactive and not to be afraid from the beginning. We set the environment that makes negative aspect to the positive aspect in controlling TB disease. We are sure this new approach will have a major role in reducing stigma in the future and increase the case detection rate of TB. Conclusions: Involving children in a wide sector approach with high-level people against TB would reduce the stigma efficient and effectively.","y","American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. Conference: American Thoracic Society International Conference, ATS","Embase","Journal Article","TB",1,34,1,"multi-sector approach to reduce stigma of TB",1,"program",5,2,1,"Padang, West Sumatra",151,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T22,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Padang"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T22,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"west sumatra"},"west sumatraPadang",61,4,1]
["Ferreira, F.; Gomes, P.; Tente, H.; Carvalho, A. C.; Pereira, P.; Monjardino, J.",2015,"Air quality improvements following implementation of Lisbon's Low Emission Zone","Air pollution levels within Lisbon city limits have been exceeding the limit values established in European Union and national legislation since 2001, with the most problematic cases related to the levels of fine particles (PM<inf>10</inf>) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<inf>2</inf>), mainly originated by road traffic. With the objective of answering this public health issue, an Air Quality Action Plan was developed in 2006 and the respective Enforcement Plan was published in 2009. From the overall strategy, one of the major measures presented in this strategy was the creation of a Low Emission Zone (LEZ) in Lisbon, which has been operating since July 2011. Implemented at different stages it has progressively expanded its area, including more vehicle types and adopting more stringent requirements in terms of minimum emission standards (currently LEZ phase 2 with EURO 2 in the city center - zone 1 and EURO 1 in the rest of the LEZ area - zone 2). At the same time the road axis comprised of Marques de Pombal square and Avenida da Liberdade was subjected to profound changes in its traffic circulation model, reducing road traffic volumes. The analysis of the air quality data before and after the LEZ phase 2 has shown positive evolution when comparing the period between 2011 (before measures) and 2013 (after measures). In 2013, there was a reduction in PM<inf>10</inf> annual average concentration of 23% and NO<inf>2</inf> annual average concentrations of 12%, compared with the year 2011. Although PM<inf>10</inf> reductions were more significant inside the LEZ area, the same was not valid for NO<inf>2</inf>, suggesting that the implementation of these measures was not as effective in reducing NO<inf>2</inf> levels as shown by results in other cities like Berlin and London. The results from road traffic characterization indicate a relevant effect on fleet renewal with an overall decrease in the relative weight of pre-EURO 2 vehicles in 2012/2013, compared with data from 2011. An important increase in the share of EURO 4 and EURO 5 vehicles was also observed. Our conclusions show that the level of ambition is relevant for the observed effects. Therefore, stricter restriction standards should be enforced in the future stages of the Lisbon LEZ in conjunction with a higher effort and investment on LEZ enforcement.","y","Atmospheric Environment","Embase","Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"Low Emission Zone (LEZ) and changes to traffic flow",2,"policy",1,0,0,"Lisbon",110,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T23,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Lisbon"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T23,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"portugal"},"portugalLisbon",46,3,1]
["Doerfler, M. E.; D'Angelo, J.; Jacobsen, D.; Jarrett, M. P.; Kabcenell, A. I.; Masick, K. D.; Parmentier, D.; Nelson, K. L.; Stier, L.",2015,"Methods for reducing sepsis mortality in emergency departments and inpatient units","BACKGROUND: As part of a zero-tolerance approach to preventable deaths, North Shore-LIJ Health System (North Shore-LIJ) leadership prioritized a major patient safety initiative to reduce sepsis mortality in 2009 across 10 acute care hospitals (an 11th joined later). At baseline (2008), approximately 3,500 patients were discharged with a diagnosis of sepsis, which ranked as the top All Patient Refined Diagnosis-Related Group by number of deaths (N = 883). Initially, the focus was sepsis recognition and treatment in the emergency departments (EDs). METHODS: North Shore-LIJ, the 14th largest health care system in the United States, cares for individuals at every stage of life at 19 acute care and specialty hospitals and more than 400 outpatient physician practice sites throughout New York City and the greater New York metropolitan area. The health system launched a strategic partnership with the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) in August 2011 to accelerate the pace of sepsis improvement. Throughout the course of the initiative, North Shore-LIJ collaborated with many local, state, national, and international organizations to test innovative ideas, share evidence-based best practices, and, more recently, to raise public awareness. RESULTS: North Shore-LIJ reduced overall sepsis mortality by approximately 50% in a six-year period (2008-2013; sustained through 2014) and increased compliance with sepsis resuscitation bundle elements in the EDs and inpatient units in the 11 acute care hospitals. CONCLUSION: Improvements were achieved by engaging leadership; fostering interprofessional collaboration, collaborating with other leading health care organizations; and developing meaningful, real-time metrics for all levels of staff.","y","Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety / Joint Commission Resources","Embase","Journal Article","sepsis reduction",2,39,2,"programme to reduce sepsis mortality",1,"partnership programme",2,2,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T24,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T24,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Farnham, A. C.; Zimmerman, C. M.; Papadouka, V.; Konty, K. J.; Zucker, J. R.; Nattanmai, G. V.; Jose, S.; Rosen, J. B.",2015,"Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Following the Introduction of 13-Valent Conjugate Vaccine in Children in New York City From 2007 to 2012","IMPORTANCE: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia in children. In March 2010, a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced to the routine childhood immunization schedule. The PCV13 contains 6 serotypes not included in the previously recommended 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, including serotype 19A, the predominant cause of IPD prior to the introduction of PCV13. OBJECTIVES: To describe changes in the epidemiology and incidence of IPD in children younger than 5 years in New York City (NYC) after the introduction of PCV13 and assess PCV13 coverage in NYC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective analysis of population-based IPD surveillance data of the general population residing in NYC between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2012. Invasive pneumococcal disease cases were identified by laboratory reporting of positive pneumococcal cultures from a normally sterile body site in NYC residents younger than 5 years. Isolates were serotyped. Participants included 468 cases younger than 5 years with IPD reported through routine surveillance to the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Absolute differences and percentage changes in IPD incidence before and after the introduction of PCV13 by serotype grouping, age, and race/ethnicity. The number of PCV13 doses administered to children younger than 5 years was calculated using the NYC immunization information system. RESULTS: There were 468 IPD cases from 2007 to 2012. The incidence of IPD decreased by 69.6% (95% CI, -79.3% to -55.5%) from 21.0 cases per 100000 (2007-2009 mean) pre-PCV13 to 6.4 cases per 100000 (2011-2012 mean) post-PCV13. Estimates of disease caused by serotypes included in the PCV13 decreased by 82.5% (95% CI, -90.0% to -69.3%), including a 79.7% reduction in serotype 19A (95% CI, -89.0% to -62.4%). Reductions in IPD incidence were seen in all age groups, with the largest reduction in children younger than 12 months (80.4%; P=.005). Incidence decreased significantly in all racial/ethnic groups. The percentage of children younger than 5 years in NYC with 1 or more doses of PCV13 increased from 47.8% in 2010 to 89.8% in 2012. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The incidence of IPD in NYC children younger than 5 years and, particularly, the incidence of IPD caused by serotype 19A decreased dramatically following the introduction of PCV13, with reductions among all age and racial/ethnic groups. This represents a significant achievement for public health immunization programs and underscores the importance of achieving high immunization coverage.","y","JAMA pediatrics","Embase","Journal Article","Invasive Pneumococcal Disease",1,42,2,"vacination and observation ",0,"policy",1,3,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T25,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T25,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Garcia, E.; Sharma, S.; Pierce, M.; Bhatia, S.; Argao, S. T.; Hoang, K.; Quach, T.",2015,"Evaluating a county-based healthy nail salon recognition program","OBJECTIVES: The City of San Francisco, California established a recognition program for nail salons that use safer nail products and receive worker safety training. This pilot study examined whether participating salons had reduced levels of toluene, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), and improved knowledge and behavior compared to control salons. METHODS: We conducted personal air monitoring and administered surveys assessing knowledge and behaviors of two workers from each of six intervention salons and five control salons. We conducted assessments before and after the worker training. RESULTS: Although non-significant, there was a reduction in toluene (-46% vs. 0%) and TVOC (-19% vs. +47%), but an increase in MMA (+113% and +72%) among intervention salons compared to control salons. Awareness of dibutyl phthalates in nail products increased (+55%) among intervention salons between surveys. CONCLUSIONS: A government-administered nail salon recognition program may reduce chemical exposures and increase work-related knowledge.","y","American journal of industrial medicine","Embase","Journal Article","nail varnish",1,11,2,"voluntary recognition programme",1,"program",5,0,0,"san francisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T26,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T26,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,1,1]
["Moreland-Russell, S.; Carothers, B. J.",2015,"An examination of two policy networks involved in advancing smokefree policy initiatives","This study examines smokefree policy networks in two cities-Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri-one that was successful in achieving widespread policy success, and one that was not. Descriptive social network analyses and visual network mapping were used to compare importance and contact relationships among actors involved in the smokefree policy initiatives. In Kansas City, where policy adoption was achieved, there was a higher level of connectivity among members, with network members being in contact with an average of more than five people, compared to just over two people for the St. Louis network. For both cities, despite being recognized as important, politicians were in contact with the fewest number of people. Results highlight the critical need to actively engage a variety of stakeholders when attempting city wide public health policy change. As evident by the success in smokefree policy adoption throughout Kansas City compared to St. Louis, closer linkages and continued communication among stakeholders including the media, coalitions, public health agencies, policymakers, and other partners are essential if we are to advance and broaden the impact of public health policy. Results indicate that the presence of champions, or those that play leadership roles in actively promoting policy by linking individuals and organizations, play an important role in advancing public health policy. Those working in public health should examine their level of engagement with the policy process and implement strategies for improving that engagement through relationship building and ongoing interactions with a variety of stakeholders, including policymakers.","y","International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"smoke free policies",0,"policy",1,0,2,"Kansas City and St Louis",101,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T27,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kansas City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T27,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaKansas City",1,1,1]
["Belaunzaran-Zamudio, P.; Gonzalez-Rodriguez, A.; Diaz, S.; Casillas-Rodriguez, J.; Macias-Gonzalez, I.; Ramos-Alamillo, U.",2015,"Model of HIV control and prevention strategy through integration of prevention and care at the primary care level: Mexico City HIV/AIDS Programme","Introduction:We describe a model of HIV/AIDS control and prevention programme in an urban context developed for Mexico City. Methods: The programme started implementation in 2008 with the aim of increasing the access to Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) services, reducing the time between HIV diagnosis, incorporation to clinical services and antiretroviral therapies (ART) initiation, and improving the effectiveness of the ART universal access programme. The main components of the model include: 1) articulation between VCT services, specialized laboratory, and provision of clinical services; 2) co-ordination between federal and local government stakeholders with civil society organizations for people living with HIV (PLWH), vulnerable populations and human rights defence; 3) outreach programmes for vulnerable populations; and 4) strengthening of clinical services provision. These services are located or centrally co-ordinated at the Clinica Especializada Condesa, a primary care clinic for HIV care. Results: Mexico City HIV/AIDS Programme integrated the provision of preventive and care services in a primary care HIV/AIDS Clinic in 2008. Annual number of HIV tests increased from 2691 to 29,799 in 2007-2014. Time between pre-VCT session and delivery of results in post-VCT session decreased from 14 days to 36 hours (median). The number of patients receiving care at Clinica Especializada Condesa increased from 3870 to 10,064 in 2008-2014. The time from access to care to ART initiation decreased from four months to two weeks. The median time to achieve undetectable HIV-VL after ART initiation decreased from 8.2 to 3.3 months in 2008 to 2012. The programme now provides services for inmates, male and female sex street-workers, people living in the street, drug users and juvenile detainees and also provides specialized clinical care for trans-gender women, acutely HIV-positive patients, STDs, and reproductive and sexual health services for teenagers and sexual violence victims. Conclusions: Mexico City HIV/AIDS Programme has implemented a multi-disciplinary approach for the prevention and control of the HIV-epidemic in an urban context in a middle-income country. The continuum between preventive, clinical care and supportive services and the cooperation of federal and local government instances with civil society organizations have been paramount for the programme's success.","y","Journal of the International AIDS Society","Embase","Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,"integration of prevention anc care of HIV",3,"program",2,2,0,"mexico city",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T28,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T28,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,2,1]
["Paone, D.; Tuazon, E.; Kattan, J.; Nolan, M. L.; O'Brien, D. B.; Dowell, D.; Farley, T. A.; Kunins, H. V.",2015,"Decrease in rate of opioid analgesic overdose deaths - Staten Island, New York City, 2011-2013","From 2000 to 2011, the rate of unintentional drug poisoning (overdose) deaths involving opioid analgesics increased 435% in Staten Island, from 2.0 to 10.7 per 100,000 residents. During 2005-2011, disparities widened between Staten Island and the other four New York City (NYC) boroughs (Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens); in 2011, the rate in Staten Island was 3.0-4.5 times higher than in the other boroughs. In response, the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) implemented a comprehensive five-part public health strategy, with both citywide and Staten Island-targeted efforts: 1) citywide opioid prescribing guidelines, 2) a data brief for local media highlighting Staten Island mortality and prescribing data, 3) Staten Island town hall meetings convened by the NYC commissioner of health and meetings with Staten Island stakeholders, 4) a Staten Island campaign to promote prescribing guidelines, and 5) citywide airing of public service announcements with additional airing in Staten Island. Concurrently, the New York state legislature enacted the Internet System for Tracking Over-Prescribing (I-STOP), a law requiring prescribers to review the state prescription monitoring system before prescribing controlled substances. This report describes a 29% decline in the opioid analgesic-involved overdose death rate in Staten Island from 2011 to 2013, while the rate did not change in the other four NYC boroughs, and compares opioid analgesic prescribing data for Staten Island with data for the other boroughs. Targeted public health interventions might be effective in lowering opioid analgesic-involved overdose mortality rates.","y","Mmwr","Embase","Journal Article","drug (legal) prescribing",2,40,2,"education and legislation to reduce opiod overdose deaths",1,"DOHMH Programme",5,0,2,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T29,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T29,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Sacks, R.; Yi, S. S.; Nonas, C.",2015,"Increasing access to fruits and vegetables: perspectives from the New York City experience","Broad recognition now exists that price, availability, and other structural factors are meaningful barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption, particularly among low-income adults. Beginning in 2005, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene used the social-ecological model to develop a multifaceted effort to increase fruit and vegetable access citywide, with emphasis in low-income neighborhoods. Overall, the percentage of New York City adults who reported consuming no fruits and vegetables in the previous day decreased slightly over a 10-year period (2002: 14.3% [95% confidence interval=13.4%, 15.2%]; 2012: 12.5% [95% confidence interval=11.4%, 13.6%]; P for trend <.001). Our approach hypothesizes that complementary initiatives, implemented simultaneously, will create a citywide food environment that fuels changes in social norms and cultural preferences, increases consumer demand, and supports sustainable access to affordable produce.","y","American journal of public health","Embase","Journal Article","Healthy food",1,28,2,"multi-faceted effort to improve healhty food consumption",1,"DOHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T30,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T30,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Elfassy, T.; Yi, S.; Eisenhower, D.; Lederer, A.; Curtis, C. J.",2015,"Use of sodium information on the nutrition facts label in New York City adults with hypertension","The Nutrition Facts (NF) label was established to help individuals monitor their nutrient intake and select healthier foods. This tool is particularly useful for individuals for whom dietary improvements are recommended, such as those with hypertension. Study objectives were to examine the independent association between hypertension and frequency of use of the NF label for sodium information and determine whether frequent use in individuals with hypertension was associated with differences in mean sodium intake assessed through 24-hour urine samples. Data came from the New York City Community Health Survey Heart Follow-Up Study, a cross-sectional study conducted in 2010 in a representative sample of New York City adults (n=1,656). Participants were asked questions regarding frequency of checking the NF label and also had 24-hour urine samples collected to assess actual sodium intake. Results indicated that hypertension was associated with frequent use of the NF label for sodium information (adjusted odds ratio 1.71, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.73). In individuals with hypertension, sodium intake did not differ between frequent vs nonfrequent use of the NF label for sodium information (3,084 mg/day vs 3,059 mg/day; P=0.92). Although individuals with hypertension compared to those with no hypertension had 71% higher odds of frequently using the NF label for sodium information, suggesting they may be interested in decreasing sodium intake, sodium intake did not differ by frequency of NF label use among those with hypertension. Future research should explore strategies to ensure that when nutrition information is used, it is translated into meaningful results, especially in individuals with health concerns such as hypertension.","y","Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","Embase","Journal Article","healthy food",1,28,2,"nutrition facts labels on food",0,"policy",1,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T31,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T31,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Newton-Dame, R.; Wang, J. J.; Kim, M. S.; Edelstein, Z. R.; Cutler, B.; Tsoi, B. W.",2015,"Evaluating the 2010 New York State HIV testing law in NYC ambulatory practices using electronic health records","INTRODUCTION: In 2010, the New York State Legislature made it mandatory to offer an HIV test to people aged 13-64 years receiving hospital or primary care services, with limited exceptions. In this study, we used data from New York City practices to evaluate the impact of the law on HIV testing rates in ambulatory care. METHODS: We collected quarterly testing data from the electronic health records of 218 practices. We calculated overall and stratified crude testing rates. Using univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equation models, we assessed the odds of testing in the year before the law (baseline) versus the first and second year after the law's implementation (year 1 and year 2). RESULTS: During baseline, the odds of testing did not increase significantly. During year 1, the odds of testing significantly increased by 50% in the univariate model and 200% after adjusting for confounders. During year 2, the odds of testing increased 10%. This was only significant in the univariate model. The crude quarterly testing rate increased from 2.8% to 5.7% from baseline to year 2. CONCLUSIONS: Our evaluation showed that after the implementation of the HIV testing law, there was an increase in HIV testing among NYC ambulatory practices. Testing rates remained modest, but considerable improvement was seen in community health centers, in age ranges targeted by the law and in practices that were screening for HIV at baseline. This study suggests that legislation may be effective when used in a comprehensive prevention strategy.","y","Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)","Embase","Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,"Mandatory HIV testing at hospital and primary care ",3,"legislation",4,5,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T32,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T32,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Tawara, Y.; Senjyu, H.; Tanaka, K.; Tanaka, T.; Asai, M.; Kozu, R.; Tabusadani, M.; Honda, S.; Sawai, T.",2015,"Value of systematic intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a regional japanese city based on case detection rate and medical cost","Objective: We established a COPD taskforce for early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and intervention. We implemented a pilot intervention with a prospective and longitudinal design in a regional city. This study evaluates the usefulness of the COPD taskforce and intervention based on COPD case detection rate and per capita medical costs. Method: We distributed a questionnaire to all 8,878 inhabitants aged 50-89 years, resident in Matsuura, Nagasaki Prefecture in 2006. Potentially COPD-positive persons received a pulmonary function test and diagnosis. We implemented ongoing detection, examination, education, and treatment interventions, performed follow-up examinations or respiratory lessons yearly, and supported the health maintenance of each patient. We compared COPD medical costs in Matsuura and in the rest of Nagasaki Prefecture using data from 2004 to 2013 recorded by the association of Nagasaki National Health Insurance Organization, assessing 10-year means and annual change. Results: As of 2014, 256 people have received a definitive diagnosis of COPD; representing 31% of the estimated total number of COPD patients. Of the cases detected, 87.5% were mild or moderate in severity. COPD medical costs per patient in Matsuura were significantly lower than the rest of Nagasaki Prefecture, as was rate of increase in cost over time. Conclusion: The COPD program in Matsuura enabled early detection and treatment of COPD patients and helped to lower the associated burden of medical costs. The success of this program suggests that a similar program could reduce the economic and human costs of COPD morbidity throughout Japan.","y","International Journal of COPD","Embase","Journal Article","COPD",2,31,2,"taskforce with outreach to treat",3,"taskforce programme",3,0,0,"Matsuura, Nagasaki, Japan",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T33,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T33,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",35,4,1]
["Levin-Rector, A.; Nivin, B.; Yeung, A.; Fine, A. D.; Greene, S. K.",2015,"Building-level analyses to prospectively detect influenza outbreaks in long-term care facilities: New York City, 2013-2014","Background Timely outbreak detection is necessary to successfully control influenza in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and other institutions. To supplement nosocomial outbreak reports, calls from infection control staff, and active laboratory surveillance, the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene implemented an automated building-level analysis to proactively identify LTCFs with laboratory-confirmed influenza activity. Methods Geocoded addresses of LTCFs in NYC were compared with geocoded residential addresses for all case-patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza reported through passive surveillance. An automated daily analysis used the geocoded building identification number, approximate text matching, and key-word searches to identify influenza in residents of LTCFs for review and follow-up by surveillance coordinators. Our aim was to determine whether the building analysis improved prospective outbreak detection during the 2013-2014 influenza season. Results Of 119 outbreaks identified in LTCFs, 109 (92%) were ever detected by the building analysis, and 55 (46%) were first detected by the building analysis. Of the 5,953 LTCF staff and residents who received antiviral prophylaxis during the 2013-2014 season, 929 (16%) were at LTCFs where outbreaks were initially detected by the building analysis. Conclusions A novel building-level analysis improved influenza outbreak identification in LTCFs in NYC, prompting timely infection control measures.","y","American Journal of Infection Control","Embase","Journal Article","Influenza control / monitoring",1,41,1,"automated analysis to identify outbreaks of influenza in Care Homes",4,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T34,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T34,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Evans, A. A.; Cohen, C.; Huang, P.; Qian, L.; London, W. T.; Block, J. M.; Chen, G.",2015,"Prevention of perinatal hepatitis B transmission in Haimen City, China: Results of a community public health initiative","In regions where hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic, perinatal transmission is common. Infected newborns have a 90% chance of developing chronic HBV infection, and 1 in 4 will die prematurely from HBV-related liver disease. In 2010, the Hepatitis B Foundation and the Haimen City CDC launched the Gateway to Care campaign in Haimen City, China to improve awareness, prevention, and control of HBV infection citywide. The campaign included efforts to prevent perinatal HBV transmission by screening all pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), following those who tested positive, and administering immunoprophylaxis to their newborns at birth. Of 5407 pregnant women screened, 185 were confirmed HBsAg-positive and followed until delivery. At age one, 175 babies were available for follow up testing. Of those, 137 tested negative for HBsAg and positive for antibodies to HBsAg, indicating protection. An additional 34 HBsAg-negative babies also tested negative for antibodies to HBsAg or had indeterminate test results, were considered to have had inadequate immune responses to the vaccine, and were given a booster dose. A higher prevalence of nonresponse to HBV vaccine was observed among babies born to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive mothers and mothers with high HBV DNA titers. The remaining 4 babies tested positive for HBsAg and negative for antibodies, indicative of active HBV infection. The mothers of all 4 had viral loads >8x10<sup>6</sup> copies/ml in the third trimester. Although inadequate response or nonresponse to HBV vaccine was more common among babies born to HBeAg-positive and/or high viral load mothers, these risk factors did not completely predict nonresponsiveness. All babies born to HBV-infected mothers should be tested upon completion of the vaccine series to ascertain adequate protection. Some babies of HBeAg-positive mothers with high viral load may still become HBV infected despite timely immunoprophylaxis with HBV vaccine and HBIG.","y","Vaccine","Embase","Journal Article","Hep B prevention",1,6,1,"Hepatitis B screening and treatment",3,"program",5,2,0,"Haimen City, China",82,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T35,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Haimen City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T35,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHaimen City",5,4,1]
["Cabanes, A.; Roquebert, M.; Cruz, T.; Benaglio, B.; Royer, B.",2015,"Evidence-based programs to reduce breast cancer mortality in Panama City","In Panama, as in other Latin American countries, breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women, and is becoming a major public health problem. Breast cancer mortality rates have steadily risen since 2002 and reflect not only breast cancer incidence and risk factors, but also late-stage diagnosis, quality of cancer care and reduced access to health care. Susan G. Komen developed an evidence-based strategic plan for reducing breast cancer mortality focused on increasing access to breast cancer screening and care. Komen's approach resulted from an analysis of the breast cancer continuum of care in Panama City, aimed at understanding the factors that determine whether women enter the breast cancer continuum of care, and the barriers that prevent women from completing the continuum. Komen utilized the results of the study to drive programs and develop evaluation plans. We conducted four focus groups and individual interviews with 35 breast cancer survivors living in Panama City to assess the factors that determine access to the breast cancer continuum of care, as well as personal perceptions of breast cancer treatment and follow up. In addition, we held 69 in-depth interviews to capture the community's perceived barriers in accessing cancer care from three stakeholder groups: public and private medical professionals, non-profits, and private insurers. Interviews and focus groups were audio taped, transcribed and the content analyzed for emergent themes and patterns. Based on the data, we drafted three different paths of breast cancer care depending on the type of health insurance: Seguro Social (Social security system), private insurance, or no insurance. In all scenarios we identified health care system deficiencies within the primary, secondary and tertiary care levels, in particular low medical breast cancer training and lack of delineated referral guidelines. Community level gaps identified include lack of information, awareness, and social support networks. To address these gaps, Komen implemented strategic activities that included a program to fund interventions to conduct awareness campaigns, train primary care medical professionals, and reduce barriers to access breast health and cancer care that in Panama is mostly localized in the capital. Impact was measured using an impact chart based on evidence-based and best practice interventions in the areas of public awareness, community and professional education, and continuum of care services. With an investment of $500,000 over two years we were able to reach 2 million people with breast health and breast cancer messaging through 92 television and 268 radio events, and 2,500 views through social media. We funded a total of 36 medical trainings on standard breast health care guidelines by level of care, protocols and referral processes reaching a total of 1,328 medical providers and 65 community leaders, some from indigenous communities (caciques). Finally, we provided housing assistance to 130 women from rural areas that had traveled to receive breast health and breast cancer services, including treatment and follow-up if needed. Our results show that evidence-based programs provide the opportunity to improve service in areas of most need.","y","Cancer Research. Conference: 37th Annual CTRC AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium San Antonio, TX United States. Conference Start","Embase","Journal Article","breast cancer prevention",1,12,2,"breast cancer awareness and programs to improve care",1,"program",2,0,0,"panama city",152,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T36,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Panama city"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T36,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"panama"},"panamaPanama city",44,2,0]
["Nana-Goar Pogosova, N.; Evdokimova, A.; Ausheva, A.",2015,"Evaluation of the efficacy of cardiovascular prevention in the framework of the World Heart Day","On the eve of World Heart Day, which is held annually around the world on September 29 at the initiative of the World Heart Federation, a number of activities were organized on September 22-29, 2014 in the state medical organizations of the public healthcare system by the Ministry of Healthcare of the Moscow city (currently more than 12 million people live in Moscow according to the official data). The aim of these activities was to attract attention of inhabitants to modern possibilities of prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), risk factors and CVD complications, importance of timely referral, and new approaches in treatment of CVD. As a part of these activities a campaign oIs your patient's cholesterol level optimal?\" has been held. In the frame of this campaign patients of the public healthcare system of the Moscow city, who have passed health-checks in the first quarter of 2014, were invited to out-patient clinics for re-examination of total cholesterol. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of a previously recommended lifestyle changes and/or lipid-lowering medications. 2392 patients participated in the campaign, of this 835 patients (during health-checks in the first quarter of 2014) were diagnosed to have coronary heart disease and 1557 patients - high CVD risk (>5% risk according to the high-risk countries SCORE scale). More than half of patients reported that they followed a low-fat diet, up to 16% noted that they had increased their physical activity, although less than 1.5% gave up smoking. Every third patient without coronary heart disease has been recommended statins. Special attention was paid to the minority of patients with slight negative (11%) or without dynamics (7%) of total cholesterol. In most patients was found an improvement of cholesterol level. The results served as the basis of analysis of clinical cases without positive cholesterol dynamics in preventive departments.","y","European Journal of Preventive Cardiology","Embase","Journal Article","CVD prevention",1,26,2,"awareness campaign",1,"program",5,0,0,"Moscow",137,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T37,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Moscow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T37,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"russia"},"russiaMoscow",47,3,1]
["Espinoza, S.; Serra, J.",2015,"Prehospital acute St-elevation myocardial infarction identification in San Diego: A retrospective analysis on the effect of implementing a new software algorithm 1 year later","Background: This study evaluated the effect of a revised electrocardiographic (ECG) interpretive software in response to concerns regarding increasing false positive STEMI findings after the introduction of a new monitor-defibrillator. This software is used by the City of San Diego paramedics and was developed by a device manufacturer. Objectives: This study's purpose is to review the stability of the revised ECG algorithm 1 year after the initial implementation of the new software. Methods: Data from the city of San Diego electronic health record (TapChart) dataset was reviewed from 2012 (6 months pre and 6 months post algorithm implementation on July 1, 2012) and followed out 1 year later (May-August 2013). A sequel query was performed to identify possible STEMIs. Each record was reviewed manually so as to include only those ECGs that identify ***STEMI*** by the device interpretive software. Data meeting the inclusion criteria was deidentified, entered into a registry database and analyzed. De-identified data was also collected to evaluate whether the final diagnosis was confirmed at the receiving hospital as an acute STEMI. For cases found to be false positive, factors leading to the incorrect interpretation were identified. Each receiving hospital was requested to report any false negative ECGs for interpretation. Finally patient demographics including age, gender, and chief complaint were assessed. Results: A total of 25 ECGs were identified as false positives 1 year after the implementation. Prior to the implementation in July 2012, the most common factor associated with false positives were caused by RBBBs at 32%. After the implementation, RBBBs made up only 11% and the new leading factor were J-point elevations at 24%. One year after implementation, J-point elevation continued as the leading false positive now 56%, RBBBs now 7%. Conclusion: The previous demonstration of false positive STEMIs caused by J-point elevations remained present. This study demonstrates the stability of false positive STEMIs caused by J-point elevation with the same algorithm and no intervening factors or changes to local protocols.","y","Academic Emergency Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","STEMI Identification",2,30,2,"Changes to ECG algorithm to improve accuracy of STEMI identification",4,"protocol changes",2,2,0,"San Diego",181,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T38,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Diego"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T38,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Diego",1,1,0]
["Carbone, E.; Puleo, E.; Mushenko, J.; Paradis, T.; Stenger, H.; Peterman, J. N.; Wicks, K.; Ratte, C.; Collins, J.",2015,"Live well springfield (LWS): Neighborhood-level baseline survey results of a collaborative community transformation movement","In 2012, Springfield, MA received CDC funding to promote healthy behaviors and health equity via expansion of the LWS initiative. Strategies include: (1) opening a full-line grocery store, (2) increasing access to fresh produce, (3) increasing pedestrian way usage, and (4) creating a comprehensive pedestrian/bicycle plan. While strategies are designed to impact the city, several neighborhoods were specifically targeted because of significant health disparities. A baseline survey was administered in summer 2013 to examine eating and activity behaviors, food access and acquisition, and neighborhood characteristics. A follow-up survey was administered in fall 2014 and was available in multiple languages. Of the 280 baseline surveys, 45% were from targeted neighborhoods. These residents reported a higher proportion of people who take over an hour to get to a full-line grocery and walk for transportation; a lower percentage of residents who feel safe; and more barriers to purchasing fresh produce than residents in surrounding neighborhoods. Although all of Springfield will benefit from increased awareness of healthy behaviors, access to healthy foods and opportunities for increased physical activity, this neighborhood-level information will aid in focusing targeted interventions. Results will inform future city-wide and neighborhood-level policy advocacy, educational programming, and contribute to ongoing media campaigns.","y","FASEB Journal. Conference: Experimental Biology","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"collaborative community transformation programme",7,"comprehensive",2,0,0,"Springfield (MA)",205,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T39,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Springfield"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T39,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSpringfield",1,1,0]
["Ong, P.; Lovasi, G.; Demmer, R.",2015,"Evaluating the influence of bloomberg era policy on New York city cardiovascular disease mortality rates","Background: Since 2002, under the Bloomberg administration, New York City (NYC) has aggressively pursued and implemented a broad set of public health policies to reduce chronic disease. Limited research exists evaluating secular trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality against the backdrop of these policy initiatives. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that CVD mortality trends declined more rapidly during the years 2002-2011 compared with the previous decade. Methods: Using individual death certificates of NYC residents during 1990-2011, all-cause mortality rates were calculated in addition to the following cause-specific mortality rates: any CVD, atherosclerotic CVD (ACVD), coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, ischemic stroke. Mortality rates were age and sex standardized to the NYC year 2000 population. Joinpoint regression identified years in which mortality trends changed after excluding 116,285 deaths (10% of all deaths) occurring in 9 NYC hospitals (due to their participation in a cause of death reporting quality improvement training in 2009, sponsored by NYC Department of Health & Mental Hygiene (DOHMH)). Results: 1,149,217 deaths occurred to NYC residents from 1990-2011, 566,181 among women and 583,036 among men. The annual percent change (APC) in all-cause mortality rates for women and men were -2.6% and -7.1% between 1994 and 1998, while rates were approximately -2.5% for both sexes from 1998-2011. CVD accounted 49.5% and 37.5% of deaths among women and men, respectively in 1990; in 2011 these proportions were 40.4% and 35.3%. Age standardized CVD mortality rates (per 100,000) for women and men were 391.0 and 357.8 in 1990 vs. 197.2 and 166.2 in 2011. Overall CVD mortality rates increased in women and men by 1.7% and 0.05% from 1990-1993 and began to decline in 1993 with APCs of -3.8% and -4.0% during 1993-2011. In contrast, the decline in atherosclerotic CVD mortality accelerated during 2002-2011 (APC=-4.7%) vs. 1990-2002 (APC=-2.4%) among men. Among women, atherosclerotic CVD rates began to decline more rapidly in 1993 (APC=-3.2%) and again in 2006 (APC=-6.6%) vs. 1990-1993 (APC=1.9%). Similar trends were evident for CAD mortality. Ischemic stroke mortality rates declined steadily from 1990-2011 in both sexes and there was no evidence of change in these trends. Results were generally consistent when all hospitals were included with the exception of rates for overall CVD mortality, which began to show more rapid decline in 2009 - immediately following DOHMH cause-of-death training efforts. Conclusion: Overall, CVD mortality rates in NYC did not accelerate during the 2002-2011 period after accounting for changes in cause of death reporting. However, atherosclerotic CVD rates did appear to change in slope (shift to declining more rapidly) during this period, with possible differences in timing between men and women.","y","Circulation. Conference: American Heart Association's Epidemiology and Prevention/Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health","Embase","Journal Article","CVD improvements",1,26,2,"broad range of policy to reduce chronic disease",7,"DOHMH",5,1,2,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T40,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T40,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Carmona, J. M.; Howe, E.; Zapata, R.; Stevens, D.; Murphy, J. K.",2015,"The teen health improvement program: A system-wide initiative to improve the quality of care for adolescents served by the country's largest public hospital system","Purpose: The New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) is the country's largest public hospital system, providing primary care services to nearly 50,000 adolescent patients annually. HHC started the Teen Health Improvement Program (THIP) in 2012 to improve population health outcomes among adolescent patients by ensuring access to high quality health care services. Most adolescent patients at HHC are seen in pediatric clinics by general pediatricians. Clinicians and staff in these settings may require support to better serve patients as they transition from childhood to adolescence to young adulthood. Based on a needs assessment, we implemented activities to: 1) improve staff capacity to deliver high quality care to adolescents and 2) provide support for quality improvement efforts. Methods: THIP is coordinated by HHC's corporate office. THIP staff are responsible for planning, implementing and evaluating the program's activities. They work in consultation with a clinical advisory panel drawn from HHC's facilities. THIP conducted interviews with clinic staff, inventoried clinic services and resources and surveyed adolescents (n=386) receiving care in HHC pediatric and adolescent primary care clinics about their experiences. Guided by their findings, THIP developed the standardized patient (SP) project and the staff training series as quality-improvement interventions. For the SP project, THIP trained young people to simulate visits with pediatric primary care providers and offer them immediate feedback on how to improve communication with adolescent patients. Through the training series, THIP offered clinics up to three one-hour trainings on-site covering core guidelines for care. Finally, THIP also worked with clinics to standardize care according to a set of criteria developed in partnership with the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) and apply for recognition from DOHMH as \"teen-friendly\" clinics. Results: THIP piloted the SP project with 25 providers. Following the pilot phase, 109 providers from 15 sites participated; 85% rated the intervention as very useful and over 80% reported they learned something that they would incorporate into their practice. Over 400 staff from more than a dozen sites participated in at least one training covering core guidelines for high-quality care: minors' rights to confidential sexual and reproductive health care, contraceptive care for adolescents and screening and treatment guidelines for sexually transmitted infections. Staff widely agreed that the trainings taught them something new and were relevant to their daily work (97%). They also agreed that the trainings would help the clinic improve the care provided to adolescent patients (98%). Sixteen HHC clinics met the criteria for designation as \"teen friendly\", a 33% increase over the number of HHC clinics receiving the designation before THIP's implementation. Conclusions: Improving population health outcomes for the thousands of adolescents served throughout HHC requires a system- wide approach. Evaluation findings suggest that THIP is building capacity for the effective delivery of high-quality health care services to adolescents. In two years, THIP has succeeded in standardizing expectations for high-quality adolescent care.","y","Journal of Adolescent Health","Embase","Journal Article","Teenagers health improvement programme",2,0,2,"QI Programme",1,"HHC program",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T41,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T41,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Gottschalk, L. B.; Stevens, D. L.; Jensen, A.; Beyrouty, M.; Skursky, N.; Murphy, J.; Schwartz, M.; Sherman, S.",2015,"The fit kid & fit teen coaching program: Addressing obesity with the added support of health coaches","Purpose: The New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) is the largest public hospital system in the country, providing over 50,000 adolescent patients with primary care services annually. Two in five adolescents at HHC clinics are overweight or obese, placing them at risk for chronic disease and increasing their dependence on the health system as they transition to adulthood. Brief primary care visits are insufficient for addressing the complexities of weight loss with adolescents and their families, as providers lack sufficient time for education, goal setting, motivational coaching, referral to effective programs, and regular follow-up. HHC/NYU trained college-educated health coaches to serve as an extension of the primary care team and provide additional patient-centered support to overweight and obese adolescents attending two HHC pediatric clinics. Health coaching is a promising solution for addressing pediatric obesity in a primary care setting, extending the reach of the clinical team to provide patients with the support they need to make lifestyle changes and enhance self-management skills. HHC's coaches were trained in evidence-based communication skills, such as motivational interviewing, and provided with a toolkit including SMS contact, connections to community resources, and self- management tools. Primary care providers (PCP) can refer overweight adolescents to the \"Fit Kid & Fit Teen Coaching Program.\" During enrollment, the coach works with the patient to build an action plan around PCP recommendations and patient interest. After enrollment, coaches continue to provide support through phone calls, SMS, or email, as well as through web or smartphone based tools/apps. Coaches are a regular part of the primary care team, participating in huddles and providing patient updates. Methods: Coaches record all patient interactions using a standardized data collection tool. During enrollment, the coach administers a standardized introductory protocol, which includes the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity Screening Tool, a measure of patient activation level, and collection of basic contact information. An impact evaluation will measure change in BMI percentile between enrollment and 4-month follow-up. Process outcomes will be analyzed, including numbers of patients referred, coaching sessions, and follow-up contacts between coach and patient. A content analysis will identify key themes of SMS communication. Results: From April 2014 through August 2014, sixty-eight patients aged 10 to 20 enrolled in the program and had at least two follow-up contacts with a coach. Mean BMI percentile on enrollment was 96.1%. Patients are currently returning to the clinic for weigh-ins, and evaluation will be available in October 2014. At the two pilot sites, health coaches have become part of the care team, taking part in huddles and team meetings. SMS has been the most popular form of follow-up communication. Conclusions: Health coaches can extend the reach of the primary care team in a large public hospital system with a diverse patient population. Coaching is an acceptable strategy to address pediatric obesity and can successfully engage adolescents. Use of technology, such as SMS, accelerometers, and fitness websites/apps, may also increase the likelihood of program engagement among adolescent patients.","y","Journal of Adolescent Health","Embase","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"health coaching",1,"HCC Programme",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T42,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T42,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Carmona, J.; Polanco, K.; Zapata, R.; Howe, E.",2015,"The impact of a multi-site training series on chlamydia screening rates among adolescent primary care patients in a public hospital system","Purpose: As children transition into adolescence, their comprehensive care needs change. But, not all pediatric primary care providers have the knowledge and skills necessary to provide comprehensive care to patients as they mature into adolescence. We implemented a training series for pediatric primary care providers (the target audience) and clinic staff throughout the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, the largest municipal hospital system in the country. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate changes in chlamydia screening rates among adolescent patients following the training sessions. Methods: Sites were offered the opportunity to schedule up to three one-hour on-site training sessions covering three different topics: minors' rights to confidential care, providing adolescentfriendly sexual and reproductive health care services and screening and treatment guidelines for sexually transmitted infections among adolescents. Trainings occurred from October 2013 to March 2014. We compared screening rates for two 12 month periods (T1: 7/1/2012-6/30/2013; T2: 7/1/2013-6/30/2014). We also calculated odds ratios to assess the association between sites' participation in training and their screening rates for chlamydia. Results: Five hundred thirty-one staff (primary care providers: 57%) from 13 sites (representing 76% of HHC's acute care & diagnostic and treatment facilities) received training. During T2, these sites provided primary care services to 25,430 patients aged 16 to 24. On average, 41% of these patients had been screened for chlamydia during the previous 12 months, which was unchanged from T1. Four sites did not hold any training sessions from the series. They cared for 6,488 patients aged 16 to 24 during the same period. On average, 31% of these patients had been screened for chlamydia during the previous 12 months, a decrease over T1 when the screening rate was 34%. Sites that held any trainings were more likely to experience increases in chlamydia screening rates than sites that participated in no trainings. Odds ratios ranged from 5.6 (for sites that only received training in minors' rights to confidential care) to 31.6 (for sites that only received training in providing adolescent-friendly sexual and reproductive health care services). However, results were not statistically significant. This held true regardless of the number, types or combinations of trainings held. Conclusions: One hour training sessions covering sexual and reproductive health care services for adolescents were not associated with changes in annual chlamydia screening rates. Ensuring staff awareness of sexual and reproductive healthcare guidelines is important but likely insufficient for improving population-level chlamydia screening rates. Accomplishing this may require more intensive group-, individual-, or structural-level strategies to influence actual practice.","y","Journal of Adolescent Health","Embase","Journal Article","Clamydia screening",1,20,1,"traing programme for primary care providers",1,"HHC program",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T43,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T43,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Silberfarb, L. O.; Savre, S.; Geber, G.",2014,"An approach to assessing multicity implementation of healthful food access policy, systems, and environmental changes","Local governments play an increasingly important role in improving residents' access to healthful food and beverages to reduce obesity and chronic disease. Cities can use multiple strategies to improve community health through, for example, land use and zoning policies, city contracting and procurement practices, sponsorship of farmers markets and community gardens, and vending and concession practices in parks and recreation facilities. With 41 cities in the Hennepin County Human Services and Public Health Department jurisdiction, the county undertook to measure the extent to which cities were engaged in making policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) changes to increase residents' access to healthful food. The results revealed that some cities, particularly those with higher resident demand for healthful food, are making nationally recommended PSE changes, such as sponsoring farmers markets and community gardens. Cities have moved more slowly to make changes in areas with perceived negative cost consequences or lesser public demand, such as parks and recreation vending and concessions. This article describes the assessment process, survey tools, findings, and implications for other health departments seeking to undertake a similar assessment.","y","Preventing chronic disease","Embase","Journal Article","Healthy food",1,28,2,"Policy, Systems and Environmental Changes",0,"Policy, Sysems and Environmental Changes",1,0,2,"41 Cities in Hennepin County (USA)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T44,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T44,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Suarez-Balcazar, Y.; Kouba, J.; Jones, L. M.; Lukyanova, V. V.",2014,"A university--school collaboration to enhance healthy choices among children","One factor contributing to the childhood obesity epidemic is easy access to foods with high fat content available in public schools. After several years of advocacy efforts conducted by a city-wide coalition, the public schools system in an urban Midwestern city introduced fresh salad bars for lunch in three schools. Researchers have argued, however, that the introduction of salad bars in schools, without nutrition education, is not enough to produce changes in eating patterns. In this study, researchers used a target and control school to evaluate the impact of a 5-month nutrition education program. The results indicated that once the nutrition education program was implemented, the number of children consuming salad entrees and salad items doubled and quadrupled respectively, and knowledge about fruits and vegetables increased. Implications for community researchers interested in addressing childhood obesity are discussed.","y","Journal of prevention & intervention in the community","Embase","Journal Article","Healthy food",1,28,2,"increase intake of healthy food",2,"coalition",2,0,0,"midwestern city",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T45,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T45,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Kamel Boulos, M. N.; Al-Shorbaji, N. M.",2014,"On the Internet of Things, smart cities and the WHO Healthy Cities","This article gives a brief overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) for cities, offering examples of IoT-powered 21st century smart cities, including the experience of the Spanish city of Barcelona in implementing its own IoT-driven services to improve the quality of life of its people through measures that promote an eco-friendly, sustainable environment. The potential benefits as well as the challenges associated with IoT for cities are discussed. Much of the 'big data' that are continuously generated by IoT sensors, devices, systems and services are geo-tagged or geo-located. The importance of having robust, intelligent geospatial analytics systems in place to process and make sense of such data in real time cannot therefore be overestimated. The authors argue that IoT-powered smart cities stand better chances of becoming healthier cities. The World Health Organization (WHO) Healthy Cities Network and associated national networks have hundreds of member cities around the world that could benefit from, and harness the power of, IoT to improve the health and well-being of their local populations.","y","International journal of health geographics","Embase","Journal Article","Internet of Things",1,0,2,"Internet of Things to improve quality of life and health",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"Barcelona",13,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T46,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Barcelona"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T46,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainBarcelona",4,3,0]
["Harris, J. K.; Mansour, R.; Choucair, B.; Olson, J.; Nissen, C.; Bhatt, J.; Centers for Disease, Control; Prevention,",2014,"Health department use of social media to identify foodborne illness - Chicago, Illinois, 2013-2014","An estimated 55 million to 105 million persons in the United States experience acute gastroenteritis caused by foodborne illness each year, resulting in costs of $2-$4 billion annually. Many persons do not seek treatment, resulting in underreporting of the actual number of cases and cost of the illnesses. To prevent foodborne illness, local health departments nationwide license and inspect restaurants and track and respond to foodborne illness complaints. New technology might allow health departments to engage with the public to improve foodborne illness surveillance. For example, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene examined restaurant reviews from an online review website to identify foodborne illness complaints. On March 23, 2013, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) and its civic partners launched FoodBorne Chicago, a website (https://www.foodbornechicago.org) aimed at improving food safety in Chicago by identifying and responding to complaints on Twitter about possible foodborne illnesses. In 10 months, project staff members responded to 270 Twitter messages (tweets) and provided links to the FoodBorne Chicago complaint form. A total of 193 complaints of possible foodborne illness were submitted through FoodBorne Chicago, and 133 restaurants in the city were inspected. Inspection reports indicated 21 (15.8%) restaurants failed inspection, and 33 (24.8%) passed with conditions indicating critical or serious violations. Eight tweets and 19 complaint forms to FoodBorne Chicago described seeking medical treatment. Collaboration between public health professionals and the public via social media might improve foodborne illness surveillance and response. CDPH is working to disseminate FoodBorne Chicago via freely available open source software.","y","Mmwr","Embase","Journal Article","prevention of foodborne illness",1,6,1,"social media to identify complaints",4,"Health Department Programme",5,0,0,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T47,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T47,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",1,1,1]
["Frew, E. J.; Bhatti, M.; Win, K.; Sitch, A.; Lyon, A.; Pallan, M.; Adab, P.",2014,"Cost-effectiveness of a community-based physical activity programme for adults (Be Active) in the UK: an economic analysis within a natural experiment","To determine the cost-effectiveness of a physical activity programme (Be Active) aimed at city-dwelling adults living in Birmingham, UK. Very little is known about the cost-effectiveness of public health programmes to improve city-wide physical activity rates. This paper presents a cost-effectiveness analysis that compares a physical activity intervention (Be Active) with no intervention (usual care) using an economic model to quantify the reduction in disease risk over a lifetime. Metabolic equivalent minutes achieved per week, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained and healthcare costs were all included as the main outcome measures in the model. A cost-benefit analysis was also conducted using 'willingness-to-pay' as a measure of value. Under base-case assumptions-that is, assuming that the benefits of increased physical activity are sustained over 5 years, participation in the Be Active programme increased quality-adjusted life expectancy by 0.06 years, at an expected discounted cost of 3552, and thus the cost-effectiveness of Be Active is 400 per QALY. When the start-up costs of the programme are removed from the economic model, the cost-effectiveness is further improved to 16 per QALY. The societal value placed on the Be Active programme was greater than the operation cost therefore the Be Active physical activity intervention results in a net benefit to society. Participation in Be Active appeared to be cost-effective and cost-beneficial. These results support the use of Be Active as part of a public health programme to improve physical activity levels within the Birmingham-wide population.","y","British journal of sports medicine","Embase","Journal Article","improve city wide physcial acitivty ",1,29,2,"physical acitivty intervention",1,"programme",0,0,0,"Birmingham",18,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T48,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Birmingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T48,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandBirmingham",3,3,1]
["Feyerherm, L.; Tibbits, M.; Wang, H.; Schram, S.; Balluff, M.",2014,"Partners for a healthy city: implementing policies and environmental changes within organizations to promote health","Current research has suggested that obesity prevention efforts should promote policy and environmental changes. The Partners for a Healthy City project, implemented in Douglas County, Nebraska, focused on collaborating with local organizations to help them select and implement 1 or more policies that promoted healthy eating and physical activity. Of the 346 organizations participating in the project and completing the follow-up assessment, 92% implemented at least 1 new policy or expanded an existing policy related to healthy food and drink options and physical activity, totaling 952 individual policy changes. Common policies included providing water as the primary beverage and installing bike racks to support active commuting to and from work. These findings suggest widespread support for policy changes that promote community health.","y","American journal of public health","Embase","Journal Article","obesity prevention",1,1,2,"organisations policies to improve health",2,"policy changes",1,2,0,"Cites in Douglas County, Nebraska,",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T49,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T49,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Bateman-House, A.",2014,"Bikes, helmets, and public health: decision-making when goods collide","How ought public officials address policy choices that entail trade-offs between desirable public health goods? Increasing cycling improves public health both by promoting physical activity and by decreasing vehicle use, thus reducing vehicular emissions. Proponents of bicycle helmets argue that, used properly, they protect individual cyclists; however, there is concern that mandating helmet use may result in a decrease in cycling. In 2012, New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg opposed a bicycle helmet mandate, concerned that it would have a negative impact on the city's cycling rate, which he had sought to increase. The mayor did not explain his rationale, leaving constituents unsure why he opposed the proposal. This case study underscores the challenge of creating public policy in the context of competing public health goods.","y","American journal of public health","Embase","Journal Article","active travel / air quality",1,44,2,"not implementing mandated cycle helmets",1,"policy",4,1,1,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T50,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T50,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Sweet, L. L.; Polivka, B. J.; Chaudry, R. V.; Bouton, P.",2014,"The impact of an urban home-based intervention program on asthma outcomes in children","Objectives: This program evaluation examines the outcomes of a multicomponent urban home-based asthma program implemented through a city health department in a large Midwestern city. The purpose of the program was to improve asthma outcomes by controlling indoor asthma triggers in the home environment. Design and Sample: This was a pre-post evaluation study. Participants received home-based education from a public health nurse or a health educator, cleaning and other supplies, and physical home interventions such as mold abatement and pest control. Asthma outcomes, caregiver quality of life, trigger-related activities, and asthma management activities at baseline and 6 months following the intervention were evaluated using survey data. A total of 115 participants for whom baseline and follow-up data were available were included in this analysis. Measures: This study used parent self-reported quantitative and qualitative data which were collected through baseline and follow-up surveys administered by program staff. Results: Significant reduction in asthma symptom days, nighttime awakenings, days with activity limitation, and albuterol use were observed. Emergency department visits, missed school days, and caregiver missed work days also were significantly reduced, and caregiver quality of life improved. Conclusions: This multifaceted home-based intervention decreased asthma triggers and improved asthma outcomes in children, and improved the quality of life of their caregivers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.","y","Public Health Nursing","Embase","Journal Article","asthma",1,5,2,"home based intervention (advice, cleaning materials)",1,"programme",5,0,0,"large midwest city",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T51,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T51,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,2]
["Gittelsohn, J.; Anderson Steeves, E.; Mui, Y.; Kharmats, A. Y.; Hopkins, L. C.; Dennis, D.",2014,"B'More Healthy Communities for Kids: design of a multi-level intervention for obesity prevention for low-income African American children","BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity rates in the U.S. have reached epidemic proportions, and an urgent need remains to identify evidence-based strategies for prevention and treatment. Multi-level, multi-component interventions are needed due to the multi-factorial nature of obesity, and its proven links to both the social and built environment. However, there are huge gaps in the literature related to doing these kinds of interventions among low-income, urban, minority groups. METHODS: The B'More Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) intervention is a multi-level, multi-component intervention, targeting low-income African American youth ages 10-14 and their families in Baltimore, Maryland. This intervention prevents childhood obesity by working at multiple levels of the food and social environments to increase access to, demand for, and consumption of healthier foods. BHCK works to create systems-level change by partnering with city policy-makers, multiple levels of the food environment (wholesalers, corner stores, carryout restaurants), and the social environment (peers and families). In addition, extensive evaluation will be conducted at each level of the intervention to assess intervention effectiveness via both process and impact measures. DISCUSSION: This project is novel in multiple ways, including: the inclusion of stakeholders at multiple levels (policy, institutional, and at multiple levels of the food system); that it uses novel computational modeling methodologies to engage policy makers and guide informed decisions of intervention effectiveness; it emphasizes both the built environment (intervening with food sources) and the social environment (intervening with families and peers). The design of the intervention and the evaluation plan of the BHCK project are documented here. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02181010 (July 2, 2014).","y","BMC public health","Embase","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"multiple interventions",2,"multiple approaches",1,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T52,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T52,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Kaufman, S.; Ali, N.; DeFiglio, V.; Craig, K.; Brenner, J.",2014,"Early efforts to target and enroll high-risk diabetic patients into urban community-based programs","Health care disparities in minority populations can be attributed to a number of factors, including lack of access to coordinated primary care and chronic disease management programming. Interventions using a data-centric, coordinated, multidisciplinary, team-based approach to address patients with complex chronic comorbidities have demonstrated improvements in patient outcomes. The use of hospital admission and billing data coupled with care management teams to care for high-risk patients with chronic conditions may be an effective model for improving quality of care while reducing health care costs. This article describes how Camden city, the poorest city in the nation, has made headway toward developing an integrated approach to improving care while reducing costs for the city's most vulnerable.","y","Health promotion practice","Embase","Journal Article","diabetic management",2,9,2,"data and MDTs to improve management of hgh risk population",3,"collaboration",2,0,0,"camden (USA)",38,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T53,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Camden"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T53,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCamden",1,1,0]
["Laing, G. L.; Skinner, D. L.; Bruce, J. L.; Aldous, C.; Oosthuizen, G. V.; Clarke, D. L.",2014,"Understanding the burden and outcome of trauma care drives a new trauma systems model","BACKGROUND: The Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service (PMTS) attempts to provide care for a whole city and hence is referred to as a service rather than a center. As part of a multifaceted quality improvement program, the PMTS has developed and implemented a robust electronic surgical registry (ESR). This review of the first year's data from the ESR forms part of a situational analysis to assess the burden of trauma managed by the service and the quality of care delivered within the constraints of the available resources. METHODS: Formal ethical approval was obtained prior to design and development of this study, and appropriate commercial software was sourced. The exercise of data capture was integrated into the process of service delivery and was accomplished at the endpoint of patient care. 12 months after implementation of the registry, the data were extracted and audited. RESULTS: A total of 2,733 patients were admitted over the 12 month study period. The average patient age was 28.3 years. There were 2,255 (82.5 %) male patients and 478 (17.5 %) female patients. The average monthly admission rate was 228 patients, with a peak of 354 admissions over the December period. The mean injury severity score (ISS) was 12 [interquartile range (IQR) 6.7-23.2]. A quarter (24.8 %) of all new emergency admissions had an ISS > 15. The average duration of stay for patients was 5.12 days (IQR 2.3-13.2 days). Some 2,432 (92.1 %) patients survived, and 208 (7.9 %) died. A total of 333 (13 %) patients required admission to either the intensive care unit (ICU) or the high dependency unit. From the city mortuary data a further 362 deaths were identified. These included 290 deaths that occurred on scene and 72 that occurred within Pietermaritzburg hospitals other than Greys and Edendale. The total trauma-related mortality for the entire city in 2012 was 570 (51 % on-scene deaths and 49 % in-hospital deaths). Blunt trauma accounted for 62 % of deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The PMTS treats a significant volume and spectrum of trauma. Despite significant resource limitations, we have managed to implement a functional and sustainable trauma service across multiple hospitals. We believe the major resource deficits limiting our service could be ameliorated by the development of an additional trauma facility, adequately equipped with dedicated trauma operating slates and trauma ICU beds. The adoption of our current model of trauma care came out of a need to work within our resource constraints, and it differs from the traditional model. Within the aforementioned limits, our data suggest that this model of delivering care is feasible, practical, and successful. Considering the universal burden of trauma and the all-too-common imbalance between resource demand and supply among many health-care institutions, it is our hope that this report will contribute to the ongoing academic debate around the topic of optimal systems of providing global trauma care.","y","World journal of surgery","Embase","Journal Article","Trauma",2,23,2,"electronic surgical registry",4,"program",0,0,0,"Pietermeritzburg",163,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T54,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Pietermaritzburg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T54,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"south africa"},"south africaPietermaritzburg",53,6,0]
["Moon, J. Y.; Nam, E. W.; Dhakal, S.",2014,"Empowerment for Healthy Cities and communities in Korea","The Healthy Cities project started in 1998 in Korea. Around the world, public health and healthy cities are becoming bigger and bigger priorities. Capacity mapping is an important tool for improving a country's health status. This study aims to review the initiation of the Korean \"Healthy City\" project. Korea follows a bottom-up approach for the development of Healthy City policies and has implemented plans accordingly. Korea has created a unique program through Healthy Cities; it has developed a Healthy City act, indicators for evaluating the program, a health impact assessment program, an award system, and a domestic networking system.","y","Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","Health",1,0,2,"Numerous interventions",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"Korean Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T55,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T55,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",36,4,0]
["Nonas, C.; Silver, L. D.; Kettel Khan, L.; Leviton, L.",2014,"Rationale for New York City's regulations on nutrition, physical activity, and screen time in early child care centers","Childhood obesity is associated with health risks in childhood, and it increases the risk of adult obesity, which is associated with\nmany chronic diseases. Therefore, implementing policies that may prevent obesity at young ages is important. In 2007, the New York\nCity Department of Health and Mental Hygiene implemented new regulations for early childhood centers to increase physical activity,\nlimit screen time, and provide healthful beverage offerings (ie, restrict sugar-sweetened beverages for all children, restrict whole\nmilk for those older than 2 years, restrict juice to beverages that are 100% juice and limit serving of juice to only 6 ounces per day,\nand make water available and accessible at all times). This article explains why these amendments to the Health Code were created,\nhow information about these changes was disseminated, and what training programs were used to help ensure implementation, particularly in high-need neighborhoods.","y","Preventing chronic disease","Embase","Journal Article","childhood obesity",1,1,2,"numerous interventions (reduced screen time, increase physical activity, restrict sugar sweetened drinks)",2,"regulations",4,1,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T56,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T56,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["{Nonas, 2014 #1457}",2014,"Neighborhood disparities in prevalence of childhood obesity among low-income children before and after implementation of New York City child care regulations","INTRODUCTION: New York City Article 47 regulations, implemented in 2007, require licensed child care centers to improve the nutrition, physical activity, and television-viewing behaviors of enrolled children. To supplement an evaluation of the Article 47 regulations, we conducted an exploratory ecologic study to examine changes in childhood obesity prevalence among low-income preschool children enrolled in the Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in New York City neighborhoods with or without a district public health office. We conducted the study 3 years before (from 2004 through 2006) and after (from 2008 through 2010) the implementation of the regulations in 2007. METHODS: We used an ecologic, time-trend analysis to compare 3-year cumulative obesity prevalence among WIC-enrolled preschool children during 2004 to 2006 and 2008 to 2010. Outcome data were obtained from the New York State component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System. RESULTS: Early childhood obesity prevalence declined in all study neighborhoods from 2004-2006 to 2008-2010. The greatest decline occurred in Manhattan high-risk neighborhoods where obesity prevalence decreased from 18.6% in 2004-2006 to 15.3% in 2008-2010. The results showed a narrowing of the gap in obesity prevalence between high-risk and low-risk neighborhoods in Manhattan and the Bronx, but not in Brooklyn. CONCLUSION: The reductions in early childhood obesity prevalence in some high-risk and low-risk neighborhoods in New York City suggest that progress was made in reducing health disparities during the years just before and after implementation of the 2007 regulations. Future research should consider the built environment and markers of differential exposure to known interventions and policies related to childhood obesity prevention.","n","same as 1457","Embase","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"numerous interventions (reduced screen time, increase physical activity, restrict sugar sweetened drinks)",2,"regulations",4,1,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T57,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T57,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Nonas, C.; Silver, L. D.; Kettel Khan, L.",2014,"Insights and implications for health departments from the evaluation of New York City's regulations on nutrition, physical activity, and screen time in child care centers","In 2006, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, seeking to address the epidemic of childhood obesity, issued new regulations on beverages, physical activity, and screen time in group child care centers. An evaluation was conducted to identify characteristics of New York City child care centers that have implemented these regulations and to examine how varying degrees of implementation affected children's behaviors. This article discusses results of this evaluation and how findings can be useful for other public health agencies. Knowing the characteristics of centers that are more likely to comply can help other jurisdictions identify centers that may need additional support and training. Results indicated that compliance may improve when rules established by governing agencies, national standards, and local regulatory bodies are complementary or additive. Therefore, the establishment of clear standards for obesity prevention for child care providers can be a significant public health achievement.","y","Preventing chronic disease","Embase","Journal Article","childhood obesity",1,1,2,"numerous interventions (reduced screen time, increase physical activity, restrict sugar sweetened drinks)",2,"regulations",4,1,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T58,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T58,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Corburn, J.; Curl, S.; Arredondo, G.; Malagon, J.",2014,"Health in All Urban Policy: city services through the prism of health","In April, 2014, the City of Richmond, California, became one of the first and only municipalities in the USA to adopt a Health in All Policies (HiAP) ordinance and strategy. HiAP is increasingly recognized as an important method for ensuring policy making outside the health sector addresses the determinants of health and social equity. A central challenge facing HiAP is how to integrate community knowledge and health equity considerations into the agendas of policymakers who have not previously considered health as their responsibility or view the value of such an approach. In Richmond, the HiAP strategy has an explicit focus on equity and guides city services from budgeting to built and social environment programs. We describe the evolution of Richmond's HiAP strategy and its content. We highlight how this urban HiAP was the result of the coproduction of science policy. Coproduction includes participatory processes where different public stakeholders, scientific experts, and government sector leaders come together to jointly generate policy goals, health equity metrics, and policy drafting and implementation strategies. We conclude with some insights for how city governments might consider HiAP as an approach to achieve \"targeted universalism,\" or the idea that general population health goals can be achieved by targeting actions and improvements for specific vulnerable groups and places.","y","Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","health equity",1,3,2,"multiple policy changes",2,"HiAP",4,1,0,"Richmond (California)",171,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T59,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Richmond"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T59,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaRichmond",1,1,0]
["Wilkinson, T.; North, M.; Bourne, S. C.",2014,"Reducing hospital admissions and improving the diagnosis of COPD in Southampton City: methods and results of a 12-month service improvement project","BACKGROUND: The British Lung Foundation highlighted Southampton City as a hotspot for patients at future risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations due to severe deprivation levels and a high undiagnosed level of disease based on health economic modelling. We developed a strategy spanning primary and secondary care to reduce emergency admissions of patients with acute exacerbations of COPD and increase the diagnosed prevalence of COPD on general practitioner (GP) registers closer to that predicted from local modelling. METHODS: A comprehensive 3-year audit of admissions was performed. Patients who had been admitted with an exacerbation to University Hospital Southampton three or more times in the previous 12 months were cohorted and cared for in a consultant-led, but community based, COPD service. Within primary care, a programme of education and case-based finding was delivered to most practices within the city. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were found to be responsible for 176 admissions (22% of total COPD admissions) to the hospital. These 34 patients required 185 active interventions during the 12-month period but only 39 hospital admissions. The 30-day readmission rate dropped from 13.4 to 1.9% (P<0.01), confirming the contribution the cohort made to readmissions. Prior to the project, the registered Quality Outcomes Framework prevalence of COPD within the city was 1.5; after just 1 year of the project, the prevalence increased from 1.5 to 2.27%. CONCLUSIONS: The use of medical intelligence to investigate the underlying processes of COPD hospital admissions led to an effective intervention delivered in a consultant-led model.","y","NPJ primary care respiratory medicine",null,"Journal Article","Improving diagnosis and treatment of COPD (Healthcare)",2,31,2,"education and case based finding in primary care and consultant led care for higher users of secondary care",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Southhampton",191,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T60,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Southampton"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T60,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandSouthampton",3,3,2]
["Scivoletto, S.; de Medeiros Filho, M. V.; Stefanovics, E.; Rosenheck, R. A.",2014,"Global mental health reforms: Challenges in developing a community-based program for maltreated children and adolescents in Brazil","This column describes the planning and development of The Equilibrium Program (TEP) for multiply traumatized and neglected children and adolescents with mental and general medical problems in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The program is a partnership between university faculty, various service providers, the courts, and the city government. In the first step, child psychiatry faculty from the University of Sao Paulo visited central-city areas and group shelters to talk to street youths to better understand their needs. A nearby community sports center building was chosen to be a center where youths could access services and engage in recreational activities and where the work of family integration could be facilitated. A multidisciplinary team conducts an in-depth assessment and creates an intervention plan, overseen by a case manager. Challenges to implementing such programs are discussed.","y","Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)","Embase","Journal Article","traumatized and neglected children",1,0,2,"case finding and outreach followed by intervention plan",3,"collaboration between city partners",2,0,2,"sau paolo",182,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T61,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sao Paulo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T61,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSao Paulo",14,2,0]
["Sun, J.; Zhang, X. T.; Zhang, Z.; Hogerzeil, H. V.",2014,"Achieving universal health coverage-the case of Zhuhai city","Objective: Universal health coverage cannot be achieved without evidence from research, which requires national and international support. We hope that our careful documentation of one of China's local experience in designing and implementing the basic health insurance coverage, and our analysis of how it helped to achieve universal health coverage, will inform other systems in China as well as other relevant countries on their way to universal coverage. Methods: The paper first presents the development of Zhuhai's basic health insurance system chronologically; then comprehensively describes the background and the key components of the common disease outpatient benefit package; followed by a comparison with the common practices of outpatient benefit package of other areas of China and four neighboring countries. It also summarizes the strengths and weakness of the package, and lists the remaining research questions for future studies. Results: The common disease outpatient benefit package of Zhuhai has helped to improve the universal health coverage of Zhuhai in the following aspects: securing all citizens' access to the common disease outpatient services under the basic health insurance coverage; containing the rapid growth of health expenditures; enhancing provider awareness of expenditure and encouraging cost-effective interventions through appropriate financial incentives; and shifting the focus from treatment to prevention and preventing the development of common diseases into serious conditions with high cost specialist services. The common disease outpatient benefit package greatly improved and strengthened the basic health insurance system through secured equal access to affordable outpatient care for common conditions. Conclusion: Limited health resources are used more efficiently by pooling the risks and by implementing capitated provider payment, which enhances the cost awareness by health care providers, to improves efficiency and creates positive incentives for health professionals for using the most cost-effective health interventions.","y","Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","access to healthcare services",2,40,2,"implement universal health coverage",3,"service reform",1,1,0,"Zhuai (China)",222,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T62,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Zhuhai"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T62,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaZhuhai",5,4,0]
["Bhatia, R.",2014,"Case study: San Francisco's use of neighborhood indicators to encourage healthy urban development","Neighborhood indicators are quantitative measures of neighborhood quality, including measures of attributes such as crime, noise, proximity to parks, transit services, social capital, and student performance. In 2007 the San Francisco Department of Public Health, with broad public input, developed a comprehensive system of neighborhood indicators to inform, influence, and monitor decisions made by the Department of City Planning and other community development institutions. Local public agencies, businesses, and citizens' groups used the indicators to identify disparities in environmental and social conditions, inform and shape neighborhood land use plans, select appropriate sites for development projects, craft new environmental regulations, and justify demands on developers to make financial contributions to community infrastructure. Among other things, the use of indicators contributed to policies to prevent residential displacement, a city ordinance requiring stricter building ventilation standards in areas with high air pollution, and the redeployment of traffic police to highinjury corridors. Data that can be used to create neighborhood indicators are increasingly available, and participation by public health and health care institutions in the indicators' development, dissemination, and application could help improve several conditions that contribute to poor population health.","y","Health Affairs","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"neighborhood indicators (data / statistics) on crime, noise, parks, social capital etc to influence policies, planning etc",4,"health dept (with public support)",5,1,0,"san francisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T63,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T63,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,1,0]
["Corburn, J.; Curl, S.; Arredondo, G.",2014,"A health-in-all-policies approach addresses many of Richmond, California's place-based hazards, stressors","Poor and minority residents of Richmond, California, have faced a host of place-based hazards and stressors such as pollution, gun violence, and a dearth of economic opportunities, all of which have likely contributed to their poor health outcomes. In this article we describe the city's efforts to reverse its fortunes by embracing a health-in-all-policies strategy for community development. Starting in 2007, the city organized a series of participatory planning projects with residents, community activists, school officials, and other stakeholders to ensure that the city took health equity into account when devising each phase of its new community development strategy. The result was an approach designed to address the social determinants of health by directing development resources toward vulnerable communities and by adopting a health-in-allpolicies ordinance. Specific projects focused on improving the built environment and community safety and redirecting government funds to areas of social need. The process has contributed to rising levels of resident satisfaction about personal health, the direction the city is taking, and the quality of neighborhood development. Richmond's experience suggests that adopting a health-in-all-policies strategy is one way to promote health equity in distressed cities.","y","Health Affairs","Embase","Journal Article","health equity",1,3,2,"HiAP",2,"engagement, policy and then ordinance",5,1,0,"Richmond (California)",171,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T64,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Richmond"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T64,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaRichmond",1,1,0]
["Pastor, M.; Morello-Frosch, R.",2014,"Integrating public health and community development to tackle neighborhood distress and promote well-being","Recently there have been calls for public health to reconnect to urban planning in ways that emphasize the impact of place on health and that address fundamental causes of poor health, such as poverty, social inequality, and discrimination. Community developers have realized that poor health limits individuals' and communities' economic potential and have begun to integrate into their work such neighborhood health issues as access to fresh food and open space. In this article we review recent shifts in the community development field and give examples of programs that operate at the intersection of community development, public health, and civic engagement. For example, in Sacramento, California, the Building Healthy Communities program successfully promoted the creation of community gardens and bike paths and the redevelopment of brownfields. A major housing revitalization initiative in San Francisco, California, known as Sunnydale-Velasco, is transforming the city's largest public housing site into a mixed-income community that provides existing residents with new housing, infrastructure, services, and amenities. These examples and others illustrate the need to identify and make use of interdisciplinary approaches to ensure that all places are strong platforms for economic mobility, full democratic participation, and community health.","y","Health Affairs","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"various interventions",0,"connecting public health to urban planning",2,5,0,"Various US cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T65,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T65,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Redmon, P.; Koplan, J.; Eriksen, M.; Li, S.; Kean, W.",2014,"The role of cities in reducing smoking in China","China is the epicenter of the global tobacco epidemic. China grows more tobacco, produces more cigarettes, makes more profits from tobacco and has more smokers than any other nation in the world. Approximately one million smokers in China die annually from diseases caused by smoking, and this estimate is expected to reach over two million by 2020. China cities have a unique opportunity and role to play in leading the tobacco control charge from the \"bottom up\". The Emory Global Health Institute-China Tobacco Control Partnership supported 17 cities to establish tobacco control programs aimed at changing social norms for tobacco use. Program assessments showed the Tobacco Free Cities grantees' progress in establishing tobacco control policies and raising public awareness through policies, programs and education activities have varied from modest to substantial. Lessons learned included the need for training and tailored technical support to build staff capacity and the importance of government and organizational support for tobacco control. Tobacco control, particularly in China, is complex, but the potential for significant public health impact is unparalleled. Cities have a critical role to play in changing social norms of tobacco use, and may be the driving force for social norm change related to tobacco use in China.","y","International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"various interventions (policies, programs, media)",1,"program",1,2,2,"17 Chinese cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T66,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T66,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",5,4,0]
["Fredrikson, D. H.; Boyda, H. N.; Tse, L.; Whitney, Z.; Pattison, M. A.; Ott, F. J.; Hansen, L.; Barr, A. M.",2014,"Improving metabolic and cardiovascular health at an early psychosis intervention program in Vancouver, Canada","Psychotic disorders most commonly appear during the late teenage years and early adulthood. A focused and rapid clinical response by an integrated health team can help to improve the quality of life of the patient, leading to a better long-term prognosis. The Vancouver Coastal Health early psychosis intervention program covers a catchment area of approximately 800,000 people in the cities of Vancouver and Richmond, Canada. The program provides a multidisciplinary approach to supporting patients under the age of 30 who have recently experienced first-break psychosis. The program addresses the needs of the treatment environment, medication, and psychological therapies. A critical part of this support includes a program to specifically improve patients' physical health. Physical health needs are addressed through a two-pronged, parallel approach. Patients receive routine metabolic health assessments during their first year in the program, where standard metabolic parameters are recorded. Based on the results of clinical interviews and laboratory tests, specific actionable interventions are recommended. The second key strategy is a program that promotes healthy lifestyle goal development. Patients work closely with occupational therapists to develop goals to improve cardiometabolic health. These programs are supported by an active research environment, where patients are able to engage in studies with a focus on improving their physical health. These studies include a longitudinal evaluation of the effects of integrated health coaching on maintaining cardiometabolic health in patients recently admitted to the program, as well as a clinical study that evaluates the effects of low versus higher metabolic risk antipsychotic drugs on central adiposity. An additional pharmacogenomic study is helping to identify genetic variants that may predict cardiometabolic changes following treatment with antipsychotic drugs.","y","Frontiers in Psychiatry","Embase","Journal Article","Physical health of those with psychosis",2,26,2,"physical healh assessments and subsequent specific individual program",1,"service reform",3,0,0,"vancouver",223,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T67,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Vancouver"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T67,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaVancouver",2,1,0]
["Knowlton, K.; Kulkarni, S. P.; Azhar, G. S.; Mavalankar, D.; Jaiswal, A.; Connolly, M.; Nori-Sarma, A.; Rajiva, A.; Dutta, P.; Deol, B.; Sanchez, L.; Khosla, R.; Webster, P. J.; Toma, V. E.; Sheffield, P.; Hess, J. J.",2014,"Development and implementation of South Asia's first heat-health action plan in Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India)","Recurrent heat waves, already a concern in rapidly growing and urbanizing South Asia, will very likely worsen in a warming world. Coordinated adaptation efforts can reduce heat's adverse health impacts, however. To address this concern in Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India), a coalition has been formed to develop an evidence-based heat preparedness plan and early warning system. This paper describes the group and initial steps in the plan's development and implementation. Evidence accumulation included extensive literature review, analysis of local temperature and mortality data, surveys with heat-vulnerable populations, focus groups with health care professionals, and expert consultation. The findings and recommendations were encapsulated in policy briefs for key government agencies, health care professionals, outdoor workers, and slum communities, and synthesized in the heat preparedness plan. A 7-day probabilistic weather forecast was also developed and is used to trigger the plan in advance of dangerous heat waves. The pilot plan was implemented in 2013, and public outreach was done through training workshops, hoardings/billboards, pamphlets, and print advertisements. Evaluation activities and continuous improvement efforts are ongoing, along with plans to explore the program's scalability to other Indian cities, as Ahmedabad is the first South Asian city to address heat-health threats comprehensively. © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y","International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","health ill effects from heatwaves ",1,0,2,"comprehensive heatwave plan",0,"program to develop interventions and policies",1,0,0,"Ahmedabad (India)",2,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T68,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Ahmadabad"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T68,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"India"},"IndiaAhmadabad",7,4,0]
["Rudez, M.; Luten, K.",2014,"ActiveSmart physical activity behaviour change program","Introduction: ActiveSmart is the Department of Sport and Recreation's (DSR) personalised behaviour change program that is tailored to engage individuals and households in adopting or maintaining physical activity. The primary objective of ActiveSmart is to increase participation in all forms of physical activity to build social capital, community connectedness and improve health. The approach is facilitative and responsive to the needs of participants and results in an uptake of active recreation, sport and an increase in the use of local infrastructure. ActiveSmart has been delivered in the Cities of Rockingham 2009, Geraldton 2011 (Phase 1) and a top up service to Geraldton participants in 2013 (Phase 2). Methods: ActiveSmart Geraldton Phase 1: Formative Research was conducted to understand physical activity levels and behaviour; Welcome Letters were sent inviting 10,000 households to participate; Recruitment of 4089 households into the program via telephone and community events; Local Resources and Small Steps to help people get started were identified through recruitment conversations; Resource Packs were hand delivered to participants homes; Coaching and Goal Setting was provided to 2371 participants who opted into the intense service, which included a phone call every 3-4 weeks to offer support and facilitate goal setting over a six month period; Evaluation involved pre and post surveys to measure the impact of the program. ActiveSmart Geraldton Phase 2 re-engaged 922 households from Phase 1 participants to build upon the previous program and determine the longitudinal impact 18 months later, this involved a welcome letter and 2 follow up phone calls. Results: ActiveSmart Geraldton Phase 1 participants reported a 15 min increase in physical activity per person, per day; 19% of participants moved from insufficient to sufficient levels of physical activity; and 21% of participants moved from doing no vigorous physical activity to doing at least one session per week. Participants reported feeling better, more connected and achieving goals. ActiveSmart Geraldton Phase 2 resulted in an additional 5 min increase in physical activity per person, per day (above the 15 min increase gained in Phase 1); and an additional 4.5% of participants moved from insufficient to sufficient levels of physical activity. A Benefit Cost Analysis found $1 invested in ActiveSmart saves $25 in the health budget over 10 years. Discussion: This project effectively moves people beyond just awareness of the need to be active - it gives them the support needed to actually get started and sustain new behaviours.","y","Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport","Embase","Journal Article","physical activitiy ",1,1,2,"personal behaviour change programme",1,"behaviour change programme",5,0,0,"Rockingham and  Geraldton",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T69,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T69,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Foulkes, C.",2014,"Systems interventions to halt and reverse rising trends in obesity what theories, methodologies and methods actually aid practice: Cases from Healthy Together Geelong","Healthy Together Geelong is one of 12 prevention areas under the Victorian State Government's Healthy Together Victoria initiative which is a $100m cluster randomised trial of a novel, 'wholeof- system' intervention to halt and reverse rising trends in adulthood obesity. Healthy Together Geelong operates out of the City of Greater Geelong local government authority in partnership with Barwon Health and Bellarine Community Health. The purpose of this presentation is to illustrate a number of systemic changes of how a local government has and is reorienting its' services and planning functions to address determinants of health to improve people's lives where they live, learn, work and play. (1) Victorian Local Governments are required by an Act of State Parliament to produce and review a Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plan. One of the six Action Guides within the City of Greater Geelong plan is titled 'Improving how we do business in health and wellbeing'. It focuses on leadership, governance and distributing the responsibilities for health across the organisation. (2) At the Lara swimming pool kiosk we undertook a menu assessment and 98% of food was in the 'red' category we altered the menu to only have green and amber food. Results showed: (a) 86% of customers stating they were happy with the healthy menu; (b) 72% less saturated fat was sold compared to the previous season; (c) 45% less energy or kilojoules was sold compared to the previous season; (d) The healthy options only canteen returned a financial surplus. (3) We worked with engineering services to reformulate their schools traffic planning approach to cater for walking and riding. (4) We are bringing a range of health planning techniques and data to the development of Council's social infrastructure plan and open space strategy. Systemic change to business practices initiated by health planners can lead to increased health promoting environments and settings without recourse to the ongoing involvement of health planners.","y","Obesity Research and Clinical Practice","Embase","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"number of interventions",7,"health department programme",5,0,2,"Geelong",75,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T70,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Geelong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T70,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},{"$f":"+V70&U70","v":"AustraliaGeelong"},9,5,0]
["Foulkes, C.",2014,"Lessons from healthy together geelong: Delivering systems change at scale across two levels of government","Healthy Together Geelong is one of 12 prevention areas under the Victorian State Government's Healthy Together Victoria initiative which is a $100m cluster randomised trial of a novel, 'wholeof- system' intervention which has as one of its aims to halt and reverse rising trends in adulthood obesity. The trial is a world first, at scale attempt to apply and evaluate complexity and systems thinking approaches to primary prevention of chronic disease including obesity and its determinants. Healthy Together Geelong operates out of the City of Greater Geelong local government authority in partnership with Barwon Health and Bellarine Community Health. Over 1/4 million people live in the City of Greater Geelong. The Council area is home to Victoria's second largest city and is a major regional hub for leisure, work and services. The Victorian State Government Department of Health has tasked Healthy Together Communities of which Geelong is one with (a) assisting 75% of businesses with 20 or more staff a State-wide Achievement Program to create healthy environments; (b) assisting 95% of the 180 long day care centres, kindergartens, primary and secondary schools to work through a State-wide Achievement Program to create healthy environments; (c) reducing rates of unhealthy weight across the population, reducing smoking prevalence, increasing serves of fruit and vegetables and increasing physical activity; (d) bringing about systems change to improve the lives of people where they live, learn, work and play through impacting on the many determinants of health that local government control and/or influence. This presentation move beyond talk of scaling up obesity prevention initiatives and presents examples of what works and lessons for delivering at scale in a systems intervention.","y","Obesity Research and Clinical Practice","Embase","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"various interventions and policies",7,"health department programme",5,0,2,"Geelong",75,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T71,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Geelong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T71,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},"AustraliaGeelong",9,5,0]
["Berg, J.",2014,"Why New York City's attempt to ban soda fizzled","Seeking to combat obesity, then-New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg proposed two ways to limit the consumption of soda and certain other sugar-flavoured beverages. First, he sought permission from the federal government to eliminate the ability of low-income participants in the federal Supplemental Nutrition Distance program (SNAP), formerly known as the Food Stamp Program, to use programme benefits to obtain certain sugar flavoured beverages. I was the leading public opponent of this effort. The federal government rejected this request. Second, he sought to use unilateral executive authority to limit the portion sizes of certain types of sugar flavoured beverages sold by certain food service venues. This attempt was struck down by U.S. courts as an abuse of executive authority. While both efforts were thwarted due to legal reasons, I also argue that they represented bad public policy and counter-productive public health measures. I argue that they were patronizing, hypocritical, and class-biased. Moreover, I argue that - because they demonised one type of product rather than helping communities and families revamp their overall food environments and change their entire lifestyles - even if they had been implemented, they would have failed to reduce obesity. Instead, I argue for comprehensive, structural, measures to enable communities and families to exercise more and afford and consume a wide range of healthier foods.","y","Obesity Research and Clinical Practice","Embase","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"limit consumption of sugary drinks",2,"executive orders / ordinance",4,5,1,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T72,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T72,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Marck, K.; Marcks, K.",2014,"Advocacy strategies for public health policy gains-utilising the smokefree auckland campaign as a case study","Background and Context: Engaging in local and central government consultation processes is an important strategy to improve population health outcomes. In recent years Cancer Society Auckland Health Promotion team has focused its capacity on influencing political processes for public health gain. This has included leading a Smokefree Auckland campaign aimed at a local government level. Aim: Cancer Society Auckland (CSA) will outline their Smokefree Auckland campaign processes and strategies that have influenced and underpinned Auckland Council's adoption of tobacco control goals aimed at achieving a Smokefree city. Strategy/Tactics: Policy advocacy can be a powerful tool. Using research to highlight public opinion can effectively engage high profile media and put pressure on politicians to strengthen public health policy. This presentation highlights the results from the research and CSA's approach to effectively influence Auckland Council. Strategies included a non-funded media campaign timed carefully to be a few days before council voted on the policy. Community members added weight to the key messages, through Breakfast TV airing a CSA video with families voicing strong support for a comprehensive Smokefree policy and a Smokefree vision for Auckland. Programme/Policy Process: CSA has focused its capacity on influencing Council processes for public health gain by strongly campaigning for a comprehensive Smokefree Auckland policy. This involved a concerted and well planned advocacy approach. Outcomes/What was learned: The advocacy strategies utilised in this campaign were highly effective. Overall, Auckland Council set bold Smokefree goals and this was underpinned by the adoption of a comprehensive Smokefree policy. CSA will demonstrate the impact of research as a mechanism to generate media. CSA will also present measures of the impact community mobilisation had on Council prioritisation of Smokefree. These advocacy strategies will be transferable and relevant across public health issues.","y","Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology","Embase","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"advocacy to influence policy",1,"advocacy and influencing local goverrnment",1,0,0,"Auckland",9,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T73,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"auckland"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T73,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"New Zealand"},"New Zealandauckland",9,5,1]
["Kelly, F.",2014,"London air quality: A real world experiment in progress","London has the highest nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration of any European city and for particulate matter (PM) it has a number of hot spots which exceed WHO guide line values. Therefore overall, for these two pollutants, London is the worst in the UK and amongst the worst in Europe. Exposure to elevated concentrations of air pollutants such as PM and NO2 has well-established heath effects and most countries now have strict guidelines for air quality. London's air quality problems are exacerbated on a regular basis by excess traffic emissions. This, along with the high density of people in an urban area results in air quality guidelines being exceeded on a regular basis and large numbers of people being affected. In an attempt to combat London's air quality problems successive mayor's of London have introduced a range of measures to decrease traffic emissions. These included both a restriction on the number of vehicles entering central London each day - the Congestions Charging Scheme (CCS), and the discouragement of the most polluting heavy goods vehicles from entering - the London Low Emission Zone (LEZ). These measures have been supplemented by modernisation programmes for both London buses and taxi fleets and from 2020 the introduction of a ultra-low emission zone in the centre of the city. Together, it is hoped that these measures will lead to an improvement in air quality and provide a direct health benefit to Londoners.","y","Toxicology Letters","Embase","Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"congestion charging scheme and low emission zone and modernisation of buses and taxis",2,"policy changes",1,0,1,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T74,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T74,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Milkovich, L.; Whitmore, B.; Bouch, P.",2014,"Primary care partners with community in making investment for lifelong health return","Background: Health is created and experienced by people in their setting of everyday life, where they work, learn and play. It is dynamic and changes with life circumstances. Objective: An asset-based multidimensional approach shapes how Red Deer Primary Care Network (RDPCN) engages community partners in creating opportunities supportive of active living for Red Deer citizens (population - 90,000) that are accessible and affordable. This health promoting investment is supported by 78 member family physicians. Methods: RDPCN partners with multiple community organizations in building capacity and sustainability to promote physical activity. Examples include two disc golf courses, ten outdoor gyms and street dedicated bike lanes with the City of Red Deer; tennis education for over 2500 students with the Red Deer Tennis Club; city and school cross country ski trail grooming with the Red Deer Cross Country Ski Club; interactive social theatre on body image with Red Deer Public School District and school leadership development in facilitating active living for elementary students with Red Deer College. Key principles of community engagement that guide RDPCN in these initiatives include shared vision, leveraging resources, community leadership and active participation. Results: These initiatives result in healthy public policies, supportive environments, strengthened community action, personal skill development and reorientation of health services. Recognition of such was acknowledged in RDPCN receipt of the 2013 Alberta Recreation and Parks for healthy community development. Conclusion: Lessons learned and recommendations for effective successful community and primary care collaboration that promote health for all will be the focus of this session.","y","Obesity Reviews","Embase","Journal Article","physical activity and health",1,29,2,"various physical activity promoting initiatives",1,"community partnerhship",2,0,0,"red deer (alberta) (90k population)",172,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T75,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Red Deer"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T75,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Canada"},"CanadaRed Deer",2,1,0]
["Nagel, F. W.; Kattan, J. A.; Mantha, S.; Nelson, L. S.; Paone, D.",2014,"Qualitative evaluation of the New York City emergency department discharge opioid prescribing guidelines","Background: In New York City (NYC), opioid analgesic overdose deaths increased 267% during 2000-2011, parallel to a 30% increase in opioid analgesic prescriptions filled during 2008-2012. To reduce overdose and addiction risk, the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, with an expert panel of emergency physicians, developed voluntary clinical guidelines for opioid analgesic prescribing upon ED discharge. Released in January 2013, the guidelines aim to reduce the opioid analgesic supply available for misuse and limit unnecessary exposure by recommending short prescriptions for acute pain and discouraging refills of lost prescriptions, among other recommendations. (Figure 752) At the time of this study, 21 NYC EDs had adopted the guidelines. Objectives: To explore ED director and prescriber views of the guidelines, the effect on patient-prescriber interactions, and selfreported prescribing. Methods: Semi-structured, in-person interviews were conducted with directors and prescribers from seven NYC EDs during July- November 2013. ED selection was purposeful, based on borough, public versus private status, patient volume, and academic versus nonacademic settings. Respondents were queried about their experiences with the guidelines, including patient reactions. Notes taken during interviews were reviewed and coded into themes. A secondary coder reviewed interviews for agreement. Results: Seven directors and 17 prescribers were interviewed. Thematic saturation was reached. Nearly all respondents supported the guidelines. Three specific reasons for support included: involvement of ED physicians in development, perception of alignment with appropriate scope of emergency medicine practice, and having the city's endorsement. Respondents commonly framed their support for the guidelines in terms of easing negotiations with difficult, \"drugseeking\" patients. Most prescribers reported not changing prescribing patterns because they were already aligned with the guidelines. Few respondents reported any patient complaints; directors did not report adverse effects on patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Overall, ED directors and prescribers reported that the guidelines supported their efforts to prescribe opioid analgesics judiciously and improved patient-prescriber interactions. Quantitative evaluation should be performed to assess the effect of the guidelines on prescribing patterns. (Figure presented).","y","Academic Emergency Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","reduce overdose and addiction risk from opioids",2,40,2,"prescribing guidelines",1,"DOHMH ",5,2,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T76,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T76,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Legome, E.; Cadet, R.; McStay, C.; Wilson, R.",2014,"Decrease in the prescription of opioids in a large public hospital system: Effect of prescribing guidelines","Background: Due to mortality and morbidity from prescription opioids,the New York City Department of Health, in concert with local physicians, developed guidelines for prescription of opioids in NYC EDs. The largest adopter, Health and Hospitals Corporations (HHC), reviewed it's changes in prescribing after introduction of the guidelines. Objectives: To review if voluntary guidelines change opioid prescribing by ED providers in a public hospital system. Methods: A computerized database was retrospectively reviewed for all adults presenting to an ED in the corporation's acute care hospitals. (~1.1 million ED visits/year) Data were abstracted from 9 of 11 hospitals. Two were excluded for IT issues. All adults discharged from one of the EDs with prescriptions containing oxycodone, hydrocodone, methadone, or codeine were included. We compared differences in opioid prescriptions of ED providers (attending physicians, mid-level providers, and EM residents) for a 6 month time frame pre and post guidelines in 2012 vs 2013. Variables: 1) Opioid prescriptions per 1000 ED visits, 2) total prescriptions, 3) percent of prescriptions with 20 pills or less, 4) total pills prescribed, 5) and 30-day patient return rate (percent of visits where patients received an opioid prescription AND returned (in multiple defined time frames) and received another prescription). Results: The rate of prescriptions given by ED providers per 1000 ED visits fell 18.8% (62.6 to 50.8). The percent of prescriptions with <20 pills dispensed increased by 10.3% from 77.6% to 87.9% (p 3500 (18753 vs 15042). There was a reduction of pills dispensed by more than 100,000 (363226 vs 246520). There was no significant change in return rate. ED visits decreased <2% during the study period. Conclusion: The introduction of guidelines combatting a public health problem can be deployed successfully in a very large public health system. In 6 months, metrics related to the number of pills prescribed had improved without evidence of significant undertreatment of pain or recurrent visits due to lower number of pills.","y","Academic Emergency Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","reduce overdose and addiction risk from opioids",2,40,2,"prescribing guidelines",1,"DOHMH",5,2,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T77,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T77,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Birns, J.; Jaye, P.; Roots, A.; Reedy, G.; Ross, A.",2014,"Pan-London simulation training for hyperacute stroke","Background: City-wide re-organisation of stroke care in London, incorporating 8 hyperacute stroke units (HASUs), has improved thrombolysis rates and survival cost-effectively. Continued staffing of HASUs requires stroke-specialist training to develop competencies for managing neurological emergencies. Simulation training provides an education platform for health care professionals to become immersed in realistic scenarios where outcome is dependent upon technical and non-technical skills. Methods: A standardised, curriculum-mapped, high-fidelity, simulation-training programme was developed on 4 HASUs for city-wide staff to attend. Learning outcomes included technical (acute stroke assessment/management) and non-technical skills (including time management/decision-making/teamwork). A mixed-methods evaluation approach was used to evaluate data from participants before, during, and after training. Results: Over a 2 year period, 152 HASU staff (70 medical; 82 nursing) participated. Quantitative analysis showed a pre/post-course increase in candidates' ability to manage emergency stroke situations (t=6.6, p<0.001), leadership skills (t=6.7, p<0.001) and communication skills (t=3.7, p<0.001), more so in junior compared with senior clinicians. Simulation training was enjoyable (mean (SD) rating 5.7(2) on 7 point Likert scale), with higher ratings from doctors compared with nurses (t=3; p<0.01). Enjoyment correlated positively (r=0.853; p<0.001) and previous experience of simulation correlated negatively (r=-0.228; p<0.05) with relevance to clinical practice. Thematic analysis of post-course semi-structured interviews demonstrated 5 important learning outcomes (assertiveness; calling for help; situational awareness; teamwork; verbalising thoughts) and 3 main responses for transference to practice (general enthusiasm with no particular practical change; immediate recognition of an emergency situation providing recall of the course; reflective change). Conclusion: Simulation training may be effective in helping achieve HASU-specific learning outcomes and may be delivered in a standardised manner across multiple sites.","y","Stroke. Conference","Embase","Journal Article","stroke care",2,19,2,"reorganisation of city stroke services and subseuqent training ",1,"training",0,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T78,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T78,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,1]
["Marcolino, M.; Brant, L. C. C.; De Guimaraes, A. J.; Nascimento, B. R.; Castro, L. R. A.; Martins, P.; Lodi-Junqueira, L.; Ribeiro, A. L.",2014,"The implementation of the myocardial infarction system of care in a large city in Brazil","Introduction: Although there was a significant reduction in mortality from cardiovascular diseases in recent decades worldwide, they still remain the leading cause of mortality in Brazil. The implementation of system of care for Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is designed to optimize timeliness of therapy and improve patient care. Objectives: Tto evaluate the implementation of the system of care for AMI in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, a large urban city with 2.4 million inhabitants, and its impact on AMI hospital mortality rate. Methods: The system of care for AMI was established in Belo Horizonte in 2010-2011 in order to increase the access of patients of the public healthcare to treatment recommended by current guidelines, including early reperfusion and treatment in intensive care. There was an increase in the number of intensive care unit beds, teams of emergency units were trained and tele-electrocardiography was implemented in those units, to enable the early activation of the catheterization laboratory. The primary endpoints of this retrospective observational study were the number of hospitalizations and hospital mortality from AMI in the years 2009 (baseline) to 2011. Results: During the study period, 294 professionals were trained and 563 ECGs were transmitted from the emergency care units to the coronary care units. There was a significant decrease in hospital mortality rate (12.3% in 2009 vs. 7.1% in 2011, p <0.001), while the number of admissions for AMI remained stable. There was an increase in the average cost of hospitalization (average US$ 1189.56 vs. US$ 1679.30, p <0.001), increasing the proportion of admissions which included admission in intensive care unit (32.4% in 2009 vs. 66.1% in 2011, p <0.001) and admission in high complexity hospitals (47.0% vs. 69.6%, p <0.001). The establishment of the system of care for AMI led to the reorganization of the care of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, which included training and motivation of emergency care teams, in addition to integration between the services, facilitating the access to hemodynamic laboratories, intensive care beds and high-complexity hospitals in cardiology. There was a significant reduction in hospital mortality from AMI after the establishment of this system of care. Conclusion: The implementation of the system of care for AMI in Belo Horizonte allowed easier access to appropriate treatment and, consequently, reduction in AMI hospital mortality rate.","y","Global Heart","Embase","Journal Article","HEALTH SERVICES Acute Heart Attack",2,30,2,"Heart Attack System",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Belo Horizonte (Brazil) (2.4m population)",16,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T79,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Belo Horizonte"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T79,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilBelo Horizonte",14,2,2]
["Stine, N. W.; Chokshi, D. A.; Gourevitch, M. N.",2013,"Improving population health in US cities",null,"y","JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"improving health",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"US Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T80,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T80,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Elbel, B.; Mijanovich, T.; Dixon, L. B.; Abrams, C.; Weitzman, B.; Kersh, R.; Auchincloss, A. H.; Ogedegbe, G.",2013,"Calorie labeling, fast food purchasing and restaurant visits","OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a pressing public health problem without proven population-wide solutions. Researchers sought to determine whether a city-mandated policy requiring calorie labeling at fast food restaurants was associated with consumer awareness of labels, calories purchased and fast food restaurant visits. DESIGN AND METHODS: Difference-in-differences design, with data collected from consumers outside fast food restaurants and via a random digit dial telephone survey, before (December 2009) and after (June 2010) labeling in Philadelphia (which implemented mandatory labeling) and Baltimore (matched comparison city). Measures included: self-reported use of calorie information, calories purchased determined via fast food receipts, and self-reported weekly fast-food visits. RESULTS: The consumer sample was predominantly Black (71%), and high school educated (62%). Postlabeling, 38% of Philadelphia consumers noticed the calorie labels for a 33% point (P<0.001) increase relative to Baltimore. Calories purchased and number of fast food visits did not change in either city over time. CONCLUSIONS: While some consumers report noticing and using calorie information, no population level changes were noted in calories purchased or fast food visits. Other controlled studies are needed to examine the longer term impact of labeling as it becomes national law.","y","Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)","Embase","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"calorie labeling",1,"mandated policy",1,0,0,"philidelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T81,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T81,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,1]
["Hunt, B. D.; Hiles, S. L.; Chauhan, A.; Ighofose, C.; Bharakhada, N.; Jain, A.; Davies, M. J.; Khunti, K.",2013,"Evaluation of the Healthy LifeCheck programme: A vascular risk assessment service for community pharmacies in Leicester city, UK","BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Vascular risk assessment is recognized as playing a key role in reducing premature CVD-related morbidity and mortality. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a pharmacy-led risk assessment service in Leicester City, UK.MethodsThe vascular risk assessment was offered opportunistically to individuals between 40 and 70 years without any prior diagnosis of CVD on attending their community pharmacist. Individuals were risk stratified using the Framingham score and those classified as high risk were referred to their general practitioner (GP).ResultsOverall, 2521 individuals were recruited from 39 pharmacies consisting of 1059 (42%) males, 1696 (67%) South Asians and 199 (7.9%) individuals not registered with a GP. A total of 462 (18%) individuals were referred to primary care and 52.6% of a representative subset were subsequently recorded as having attended an appointment with their GP; diagnoses and treatments commenced were recorded.ConclusionsCardiovascular risk assessment led by community pharmacies can successfully assess people from large, multi-ethnic UK populations and identify those at high cardiovascular risk or with undiagnosed cardiovascular disease. The service may improve rates of assessments undertaken by individuals who do not access health care through traditional routes. © The Author 2013, Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health.","y","Journal of Public Health (United Kingdom)","Embase","Journal Article","CVD",2,26,2,"pharmacy led risk assessment",3,"pharmacy led risk assessment",3,0,0,"Leicester",111,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T82,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Leicester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T82,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLeicester",3,3,1]
["Prasad, A.; Groot, A. M.; Monteiro, T.; Murphy, K.; O'Campo, P.; Broide, E. E.; Kano, M.",2013,"Linking evidence to action on social determinants of health using Urban HEART in the Americas","OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the experience of select cities in the Americas using the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART) launched by the World Health Organization in 2010 and to determine its utility in supporting government efforts to improve health equity using the social determinants of health (SDH) approach. METHODS: The Urban HEART experience was evaluated in four cities from 2010-2013: Guarulhos (Brazil), Toronto (Canada), and Bogota and Medellin (Colombia). Reports were submitted by Urban HEART teams in each city and supplemented by first-hand accounts of key informants. The analysis considered each city's networks and the resources it used to implement Urban HEART; the process by which each city identified equity gaps and prioritized interventions; and finally, the facilitators and barriers encountered, along with next steps. RESULTS: In three cities, local governments spearheaded the process, while in the fourth (Toronto), academia initiated and led the process. All cities used Urban HEART as a platform to engage multiple stakeholders. Urban HEART's Matrix and Monitor were used to identify equity gaps within cities. While Bogota and Medellin prioritized among existing interventions, Guarulhos adopted new interventions focused on deprived districts. Actions were taken on intermediate determinants, e.g., health systems access, and structural SDH, e.g., unemployment and human rights. CONCLUSIONS: Urban HEART provides local governments with a simple and systematic method for assessing and responding to health inequity. Through the SDH approach, the tool has provided a platform for intersectoral action and community involvement. While some areas of guidance could be strengthened, Urban HEART is a useful tool for directing local action on health inequities, and should be scaled up within the Region of the Americas, building upon current experience.","y","Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health","Embase","Journal Article","health inequility",1,3,2,"WHO Health Equity Assessment Response Tool (HEART)",0,"local govn program x 3 and x1 academia inititated (Toronto)",7,0,2,"Guarulhos (Brazil), Toronto (Canda), Bogota and Medellin (Colombia)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T83,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T83,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Gittelsohn, J.; Dennisuk, L. A.; Christiansen, K.; Bhimani, R.; Johnson, A.; Alexander, E.; Lee, M.; Lee, S. H.; Rowan, M.; Coutinho, A. J.",2013,"Development and implementation of Baltimore Healthy Eating Zones: a youth-targeted intervention to improve the urban food environment","Poor accessibility to affordable healthy foods is associated with higher rates of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases. We present our process evaluation of a youth-targeted environmental intervention (Baltimore Healthy Eating Zones) that aimed to increase the availability of healthy foods and promote these foods through signage, taste tests and other interactive activities in low-income Baltimore City. Trained peer educators reinforced program messages. Dose, fidelity and reach-as measured by food stocking, posting of print materials, distribution of giveaways and number of interactions with community members-were collected in six recreation centers and 21 nearby corner stores and carryouts. Participating stores stocked promoted foods and promotional print materials with moderate fidelity. Interactive sessions were implemented with high reach and dose among both adults and youth aged 10-14 years, with more than 4000 interactions. Recreation centers appear to be a promising location to interact with low-income youth and reinforce exposure to messages.","y","Health education research","Embase","Journal Article","food",1,28,2,"increase availability of helahty food",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T84,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T84,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Wang, H. E.; Lee, M.; Hart, A.; Summers, A. C.; Anderson Steeves, E.; Gittelsohn, J.",2013,"Process evaluation of Healthy Bodies, Healthy Souls: a church-based health intervention program in Baltimore City","Soaring obesity rates in the United States demand comprehensive health intervention strategies that simultaneously address dietary patterns, physical activity, psychosocial factors and the food environment. Healthy Bodies, Healthy Souls (HBHS) is a church-based, community-participatory, cluster-randomized health intervention trial conducted in Baltimore City to reduce diabetes risk among urban African Americans by promoting healthy dietary intake, increased physical activity and improvement to the church food environment. HBHS was organized into five 3-8-week phases: Healthy Beverages, Healthy Desserts, Healthy Cooking, Healthy Snacking and Eating Out and Physical Activity. A three-part process evaluation was adopted to evaluate implementation success: an in-church instrument to assess the reach, dose delivered and fidelity of interactive sessions; a post-intervention exposure survey to assess individual-level dose received in a sample of congregants and an evaluation form to assess the church food environment. Print materials were implemented with moderate to high fidelity and high dose. Program reach was low, which may reflect inaccuracies in church attendance rather than study implementation issues. Intervention components with the greatest dose received were giveaways (42.0-61.7%), followed by taste tests (48.7-53.7%) and posters (34.3-65.0%). The dose received of general program information was moderate to high. The results indicate successful implementation of the HBHS program.","y","Health education research",null,"Journal Article","obesity / diabetes",1,1,2,"healthy eating activities",1,"Church based participatory interventiosns to improve diet and exercise",2,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T85,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T85,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Becerra, J. M.; Reis, R. S.; Frank, L. D.; Ramirez-Marrero, F. A.; Welle, B.; Cordero, E. A.; Paz, F. M.; Crespo, C.; Dujon, V.; Jacoby, E.; Dill, J.; Weigand, L.; Padin, C. M.",2013,"Transport and health: A look at three Latin American cities","Transport is associated with environmental problems, economic losses, health and social inequalities. A number of European and US cities have implemented initiatives to promote multimodal modes of transport. In Latin America changes are occurring in public transport systems and a number of projects aimed at stimulating non-motorized modes of transport (walking and cycling) have already been implemented. Based on articles from peer-reviewed academic journals, this paper examines experiences in Bogota (Colombia), Curitiba (Brazil), and Santiago (Chile), and identifies how changes to the transport system contribute to encourage active transportation. Bus rapid transit, ciclovias, bike paths/lanes, and car use restriction are initiatives that contribute to promoting active transportation in these cities. Few studies have been carried out on the relationship between transport and physical activity. Car ownership continues to increase. The public health sector needs to be a stronger activist in the transport policy decisionmaking process to incorporate health issues into the transport agenda in Latin America.","y","Cadernos de Saude Publica","Embase","Journal Article","travel",1,10,2,"increasing active travel",2,"changes to transport policies",5,0,0,"bogota (Colombia), Curitiba (Brazil) and  Santiago (Chile)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T86,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T86,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,2,0]
["Tanaka, M.",2013,"Medical care networks for dementia patients","In 2008, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan announced \"The Emergency Project for the Improvement of Medical Care and Quality of Life for People Suffering from Dementia\" to prepare for the ongoing rapid graying society. In response to the project, local prefectural and ordinance-designated city governments nationwide have initiated the development of medical networks for patients with dementia. Fukuoka City has a population of about 1.48 million people including an estimate of more than 20,000 patients with dementia. In this city, a dementia medical center was set up in Kyushu University Hospital, based on Fukuoka City's original network system in which 109 dementia consultant physicians are in charge of the initial diagnosis, and 39 cooperating hospitals deal with peripheral symptoms and complications of dementia, under coordinated management by the Fukuoka City government and the Fukuoka City Medical Association. Since the launch of this system, about 150 new patients per month have been diagnosed with dementia. It is important that medical care, welfare, and nursing care cooperate in the development and maintenance of a medical network for the dementia patients in the community, and the preparation of a unique network characteristic of the locality is desired. To provide appropriate care in the future to the increasing number of dementia patients, wide-ranging support by the entire society beyond the boundaries of different occupations is essential in addition to the network preparation.","y","Japan Medical Association Journal","Embase","Journal Article","improving care for dementia",2,32,2,"medical networks",3,"city government led",5,3,0,"fukuoka city",74,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T87,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"fukuoka"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T87,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"japan"},"japanfukuoka",35,4,2]
["Perry, R. E.; Stephenson, C.",2013,"Improving Population Health through Collaboration and Innovation","As a health care collaborative among Trenton's hospitals, its only Federally Qualified Health Center, its Division of Health, and more than 40 community organizations serving on the Community Advisory Board, Trenton Health Team has leveraged unprecedented data sharing and direct engagement with community residents to identify the health needs and priorities for its geography. This process has resulted in a unified Community Health Needs Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan for the city of Trenton, allowing collaborative allocation of resources to manage and improve population health in the city. (Population Health Management 2013;16:S-34-S-37) © Copyright 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","y","Population Health Management","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"joint health improvement plan",7,"collaboration",5,2,0,"Trenton",211,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T88,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Trenton"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T88,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaTrenton",1,1,0]
["Miller, A.; Cunningham, M.; Ali, N.",2013,"Bending the cost curve and improving quality of care in america's poorest city","In Camden, New Jersey-as in many urban areas-health care costs are concentrated in a disproportionately small number of patients. These \"super-utilizers\" typically have multiple chronic conditions combined with social barriers that make it hard to access and coordinate the care they need to manage these conditions and stay healthy. Launched in 2002, the Camden Coalition of Healthcare Providers strives to reform the quality, capacity, and accessibility of the health care system for the city's vulnerable populations. (Population Health Management 2013;16:S-17-S-19) © Copyright 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","y","Population Health Management","Embase","Journal Article","high users of healthcare / most vulnerable population",2,40,2,"improve quality, capacity and access to health services",3,"coallition of providers",2,0,0,"Camden (USA)",38,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T89,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Camden"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T89,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCamden",1,1,0]
["Isham, G. J.; Zimmerman, D. J.; Kindig, D. A.; Hornseth, G. W.",2013,"Healthpartners adopts community business model to deepen focus on nonclinical factors of health outcomes","Clinical care contributes only 20 percent to overall health outcomes, according to a population health model developed at the University of Wisconsin. Factors contributing to the remainder include lifestyle behaviors, the physical environment, and social and economic forces-all generally considered outside the realm of care. In 2010 Minnesota-based HealthPartners decided to target nonclinical community health factors as a formal part of its strategic business plan to improve public health in the Twin Cities area. The strategy included creating partnerships with businesses and institutions that are generally unaccustomed to working together or considering how their actions could help improve community health. This article describes efforts to promote healthy eating in schools, reduce the stigma of mental illness, improve end-of-life decision making, and strengthen an inner-city neigh borhood. Although still in their early stages, the partnerships can serve as encouragement for organizations inside and outside health care that are considering undertaking similar efforts in their markets. ©2013 Project HOPE-The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.","y","Health Affairs","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"targeted non health community to improve population health",7,"partnership of health and business",2,0,0,"Minnesota",130,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T90,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Minnesota"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T90,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaMinnesota",1,1,0]
["Payne, G. H.; Wethington, H.; Olsho, L.; Jernigan, J.; Farris, R.; Walker, D. K.",2013,"Implementing a farmers' market incentive program: perspectives on the New York City Health Bucks Program","One strategy for lowering the prevalence of obesity is to increase access to and affordability of fruits and vegetables through farmers' markets. However, little has been documented in the literature on the implementation of such efforts. To address this gap, the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity (DNPAO) sponsored an evaluation of the New York City Health Bucks program, a farmers' market coupon incentive program intended to increase access to fresh fruits and vegetables in underserved neighborhoods while supporting local farmers. We conducted a process evaluation of Health Bucks program implementation. We interviewed 6 farmer/vendors, 3 market managers, and 4 program administrators, and collected data on site at 86 farmers' markets, including surveys of 81 managers and 141 farmer/vendors on their perspectives on promotion and redemption of the incentive coupons; knowledge and attitudes regarding the program; experiences with markets and products; and facilitators and barriers to program participation. Results indicate that respondents view Health Bucks as a positive program model. Farmers' market incentive coupon programs like Health Bucks are one strategy to address the problem of obesity and were associated with higher fruit and vegetable access and purchases in low-income communities. This evaluation identified some areas for improving implementation of the Health Bucks program. Farmers' market incentive programs like Health Bucks may be one avenue to increase access to and affordability of fruits and vegetables among low-income persons. Further research is needed to assess the potential effects of these programs on access and health outcomes.","y","Preventing chronic disease","Embase","Journal Article","healthy food",1,1,2,"farmers markets incentive coupons",2,"healthy food coupons",5,1,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T91,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T91,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Economos, C. D.; Hyatt, R. R.; Must, A.; Goldberg, J. P.; Kuder, J.; Naumova, E. N.; Collins, J. J.; Nelson, M. E.",2013,"Shape Up Somerville two-year results: A community-based environmental change intervention sustains weight reduction in children","Objective: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that community-based environmental change intervention prevents undesirable weight gain in children. Method: The method used in this study was a two-year, non-randomized, controlled trial (2003-2005) using community-based participatory methodology in three diverse cities in Massachusetts: one intervention and two socio-demographically-matched control communities (pooled for analysis). Children (n=1028), with a mean age=7.61. +. 1.04. years participated. Interventions were made to improve energy balance by increasing physical activity options and availability of healthful foods (Year 1). To firmly secure sustainability, the study team supported policies and shifted intervention work to community members (Year 2). Results: Change in body mass index z-score (BMIz) was assessed by multiple regression, accounting for clustering within communities and adjusting for baseline covariates. Sex-specific overweight/obesity prevalence, incidence and remission were assessed. Over the two-year period, BMIz of children in the intervention community decreased by 0.06 [p=0.005, 95% confidence interval: 0.08 to 0.04] compared to controls. Prevalence of overweight/obesity decreased in males (OR=0.61, p=0.01) and females (OR=0.78, p=0.01) and remission increased in males (OR 3.18, p=0.03) and females (OR 1.93, p=0.03) in intervention compared to controls. Conclusion: Results demonstrate promise for preventing childhood obesity using a sustainable multi-level community-based model and reinforce the need for wide-reaching environmental and policy interventions. © 2013.","y","Preventive Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"environmental changes to increase physcial exercise and healthy food",2,"community led model",2,0,0,"Somerville",192,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T92,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Somerville"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T92,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSomerville",1,1,2]
["Bone, L. R.; Edington, K.; Rosenberg, J.; Wenzel, J.; Garza, M. A.; Klein, C.; Schmitt, L.; Ford, J. G.",2013,"Building a navigation system to reduce cancer disparities among urban Black older adults","Although cancer outcomes have improved in recent decades, substantial disparities by race, ethnicity, income, and education persist. Increasingly, patient navigation services are demonstrating success in improving cancer detection, treatment, and care and in reducing cancer health disparities. To advance progress in developing patient navigation programs, extensive descriptions of each component of the program must be made available to researchers and health service providers. We sought to describe the components of a patient navigation program designed to improve cancer screening based on informed decision making on cancer screening and cancer treatment services among predominantly Black older adults in Baltimore City. A community-academic participatory approach was used to develop a patient navigation program in Baltimore, Maryland. The components of the patient navigation system included the development of a community academic (advisory) committee (CAC); recruitment and selection of community health workers (CHWs)/navigators and supervisory staff, initial training and continuing education of the CHWs/navigators, and evaluation of CHWs/navigators. The study was approved by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Institutional Review Board. The incorporation of community-based participatory research principles into each facet of this patient navigation program facilitated the attainment of the intervention's objectives. This patient navigation program successfully delivered cancer navigation services to 1,302 urban Black older adults. Appropriately recruited, selected and trained CHWs monitored by an experienced supervisor and investigators are the key elements in a patient navigation program. This model has the potential to be adapted by research and health service providers.","y","Progress in community health partnerships : research, education, and action","Embase","Journal Article","reducing cancer disparities",2,22,2,"patient navigation",3,"community - academic participatory approach",2,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T93,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T93,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Coady, M. H.; Chan, C. A.; Sacks, R.; Mbamalu, I. G.; Kansagra, S. M.",2013,"The impact of cigarette excise tax increases on purchasing behaviors among New York city smokers","We examined the relationship between cigarette excise tax increases and tax-avoidant purchasing behaviors among New York City adult smokers. We analyzed data from the city's annual Community Health Survey to assess changes in rates of tax avoidance over time (2003-2010) and smokers' responses to the 2008 state cigarette tax increase. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified correlates of buying more cigarettes on the street in response to the increase. After the 2002 tax increase, the percentage of smokers engaged in tax-avoidant behavior decreased with time from 30% in 2003 to 13% in 2007. Following the 2008 tax increase, 21% of smokers reported buying more cigarettes from another person on the street. Low-income, younger, Black, and Hispanic smokers were more likely than respondents with other sociodemographic characteristics to purchase more cigarettes on the street. To maximize public health impact, cigarette tax increases should be paired with efforts to limit the flow of untaxed cigarettes entering jurisdictions with high cigarette pack prices.","y","American journal of public health","Embase","Journal Article","reduce smoking",1,7,2,"tax increase on cigarettes",2,"taxation",6,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T94,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T94,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Yang, T.; Abdullah, A. S.; Li, L.; Rockett, I. R. H.; Lin, Y.; Ying, J.; Guo, W.; Wu, D.; Li, M.",2013,"Public place smoke-free regulations, secondhand smoke exposure and related beliefs, awareness, attitudes, and practices among chinese urban resident","Objective: To evaluate the association between smoke-free regulations in public places and secondhand smoke exposure and related beliefs, awareness, attitudes, and behavior among urban residents in China. Methods: We selected one city (Hangzhou) as the intervention city and another (Jiaxing) as the comparison. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection, and implemented at two time points across a 20-month interval. Both unadjusted and adjusted logistic methods were considered in analyses. Multiple regression procedures were performed in examining variation between final and baseline measures. Results: Smoke-free regulations in the intervention city were associated with a significant decline in personal secondhand smoke exposure in government buildings, buses or taxis, and restaurants, but there was no change in such exposure in healthcare facilities and schools. In terms of personal smoking beliefs, awareness, attitudes, and practices, the only significant change was in giving quitting advice to proximal family members. Conclusions: There was a statistically significant association between implementation of smoke-free regulations in a city and inhibition of secondhand tobacco smoking exposure in public places. However, any such impact was limited. Effective tobacco control in China will require comprehensive laws implemented fully and supported by penalties and a combination of strong public health education. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y","International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","reduce smoking",1,7,2,"smoke free places",2,"regulation",4,0,0,"Hangzhou (China)",87,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T95,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hangzhou"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T95,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHangzhou",5,4,1]
["Talaei, M.; Mohammadifard, N.; Khaje, M. R.; Sarrafzadegan, N.; Sajjadi, F.; Alikhasi, H.; Maghroun, M.; Iraji, F.; Ehteshami, S.",2013,"Healthy bread initiative: Methods, findings, and theories-isfahan healthy heart program","The scientific evidences show that the content, baking methods, and types of bread can make health impacts. Bread, as a major part of Iranian diet, demonstrates a significant potential to be targeted as health promotion subject. Healthy Food for Healthy Communities (HFHC) was a project of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP), consisting of a wide variety of strategies, like Healthy Bread (HB) Initiative. The HB Initiative was designed to improve the behaviour of both producers and consumers, mainly aiming at making high-fibre, low-salt bread, eliminating the use of baking soda, providing enough rest time for dough before baking (at least one hour), and enough baking time (at least one minute in oven). A workshop was held for volunteer bakers, and a baker-to-baker training protocol under direct supervision was designed for future volunteers. Cereal Organization was persuaded to provide less refined flour that contained more bran. Health messages in support of new breads were disseminated by media and at bakeries by health professionals. Evaluation of the HB Initiative was done using before-after assessments and population surveys. While HB was baked in 1 (0.01%) bakery at baseline, 402 (41%) bakeries in the intervention area joined the HB Initiative in 2009. Soda was completely eliminated and fibre significantly increased from 4+/-0.4 g% before study to 12+/-0.6 g% after the intervention (p<0.001). The preparation and baking times remarkably increased. Wastage of bread decreased from 13+/-1.8 g% to 2+/-0.5 g% and was expressed as the most important advantage of this initiative by consumers. People who lived in Isfahan city consumed whole bread 6 times more than those who lived in reference area Arak (p<0.001). The HB Initiative managed to add new breads as a healthy choice that were compatible with local dishes and made a model to solve the longstanding problems of bread. It used various health promotion approaches but was best consistent with Beattie's model. © INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR DIARRHOEAL DISEASE RESEARCH, BANGLADESH.","y","Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition","Embase","Journal Article","improved heart health",1,28,2,"healthy food (bread)",1,"multiple methods (workshops for providers, messages in media)",2,0,0,"Isfahan (Iran)",99,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T96,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Isfahan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T96,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"iran"},"iranIsfahan",33,4,1]
["Myers, J.",2013,"Breastfeeding rates increase after a city-wide effort to improve healthcare provider knowledge and attitude",null,"y","Breastfeeding Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","breastfeeding",1,14,2,"Increase breastfeeding",0,"improve healthcare providers knowledge and attitudes",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T97,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T97,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Edgerly, E.; Yeh, J.; Hollister, B.; Fox, P.",2013,"The san francisco dementia support network:Enhancingqualityof carefor persons with dementia in managed care","Background: The growing rate of seniors in the San Francisco-Bay Area is projected to increase the number of people with dementia by 61% between 2000 and 2030. San Franciscans with dementia are more vulnerable than the general population of seniors in the US because they are more likely to be members of racial/ethnic minority groups, born in another country, speak languages other than English, live in poverty, or live alone. Support for dementia patients is often the responsibility of informal caregivers; however, caregiving is time consuming, difficult, and strains the ability to engage in activities that protect and preserve caregivers' own health and security. Methods: Uniquely, San Francisco is the only city in the US with a Strategic Plan for addressing dementia. Thus, the San Francisco Dementia Support Network - a collaborative partnership between University of California, Alzheimer's Association, and Kaiser Permanente - is providing a threepronged approach to improve the self-efficacy, knowledge, and skills of caregivers during times of medical, functional, or caregiving crisis through education services and a full-time social worker, a Dementia Care Expert. The 6-month intervention aims to decrease preventable emergency room visits and/or hospitalizations and increase utilization of community-based services by caregivers. Effectiveness is measured through pre/post-test evaluations. Results: To date, 105 patient-caregiver dyads have been enrolled and post-test evaluations are on-going. Participant demographics are highly diverse. Among dementia patients: 86 are age 60+; 55 females; 41 and 40 cared for by their spouse or child, respectively; 39 White Non-Hispanic, 8 White Hispanic, 26 Asian, 17 African-American; and 21 Veterans. Among caregivers: 54 are age 60+; 70 females; 36 White Non-Hispanic, 8 White Hispanic, 30 Asian, 21 African-American; and 12 Veterans. Conclusions: The intervention period will conclude by March 2013, at which point, a comprehensive data analysis will be conducted. Additionally one outcome of the project has been amending the electronic health records at Kaiser San Francisco to include caregiver information in the patient's Alzheimer's disease care plan. Preliminary findings show an increase in caregiver efficacy and positive qualitative feedback from caregivers. Service utilization analysis is still pending, but these findings will be included in the presentation.","y","Alzheimer's and Dementia","Embase","Journal Article","support for carers of those with dementia",2,32,2,"dementia support networks",3,"collaborative porgramme",2,0,0,"San Francisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T98,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T98,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,1,1]
["Robertson, V.; Lieto, L.",2013,"Development of a trimester-based prenatal breastfeeding education curriculum in New York city","Background: Structured prenatal education has been found to improve initiation and continuity of breastfeeding, but few formal curricula are publically available. Objective(s): The goals were to provide a robust educational tool for progressive use during prenatal care that was consistent with known evidence and protocols, including those of the Baby- Friendly Hospital Initiative. Materials/Methods: Staff from the Bureau of Maternal, Infant and Reproductive Health conducted a literature search about breastfeeding prenatal education and searched for existing curricula. Staff also networked with breastfeeding educators and reviewed established protocols and guidelines. As no published curricula were identified, a trimester-based curriculum was developed using existing and some novel materials. The structure of the curriculum was designed to facilitate teaching by prenatal staff, regardless of formal training on breastfeeding. Results: The trimester-based curriculum is a spiral-bound tool that contains short lessons for use at each prenatal visit, or at group teaching sessions. Each lesson has key messages with visual content for the patient; the teacher has lesson-specific teaching points and additional information within the tool. Related handouts are available for patients to take home after in-office discussion. In a short evaluation period, staff who implemented the curriculum provided largely positive feedback on content and usefulness. Conclusions: This trimester-based prenatal breastfeeding education curriculum will be presented and is available online at http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/ms/motherguide. Pdf.","y","Breastfeeding Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","improved breastfeeding rates",1,14,2,"breastfeeding education programme",1,"published a toolkit",5,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T99,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T99,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Pigur, K.",2013,"Working together for a breastfeeding friendly philadelphia","Background: The Breastfeeding Friendly Philadelphia campaign was established in 2010 to address Philadelphia's status of having the lowest breastfeeding rates in the nation. Objective(s): To improve breastfeeding support for women by addressing key barriers that lead to poor breastfeeding rates: trouble initiating breastfeeding; inability to sustain breastfeeding. Materials/Methods: Offer guidance to hospitals with formation of Multi-Disciplinary Breastfeeding Task Forces and ongoing technical support towards becoming Baby Friendly. Organized 1st Philadelphia Hospital Breastfeeding Promotion Summit in November 2011, which hosted representatives from seven birthing hospitals, public health administrators and national breastfeeding experts. Promotes the Business Case for Breastfeeding by conducting outreach and technical assistance to employers. Results: A key outcome was the formation of the Philadelphia Multi-Hospital Breastfeeding Task Force. Hospitals rotate hosting quarterly meetings of this Task Force, which enhances the supportive nature of this work. This group has been effective in creating a city-wide learning collaborative to change hospital breastfeeding practices. Five of the 7 Philadelphia birthing hospitals entered the pathway to Baby Friendly Hospital designation; 3 banned formula bags. They also share strategies for increasing skin-to-skin contact. Thirteen employers were designated as Breastfeeding Friendly Employers and serve as a resource and model to other employers. Conclusions: This collaborative approach successfully built a foundation to normalize breastfeeding, so that its many benefits can be experienced across a large urban environment. This work has the potential to impact the health of 19,000 babies and their mothers each year!.","y","Breastfeeding Medicine","Embase","Poster Abstract","improve breastfeeding rates",1,14,2,"campaingn and learning collaboratives",1,"collaboration ",2,0,0,"Philadelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T100,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T100,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,1]
["Brown, L.; Kritz, S.; Lin, M.; Louie, B.; Zavala, R.; Madray, C.",2013,"Evaluation of an electronic information system to enhance practice at a medication-assisted opioid treatment program","Background: START Treatment & Recovery Centers (formerly Addiction Research and Treatment Corporation)is an outpatient medication-assisted opioid treatment program that also provides primary medical care, including HIV/ AIDS care for approximately 3000 predominantly minority adults in New York City. We received National Institute on Drug Abuse R01 funding to evaluate the implementation of an electronic health information system integrating counseling, social services, medical services, case management, HIV services, methadone dispensing, and administrative/ fiscal data. Methods: For the research aspects of this project, four domains (Quality, Satisfaction, Productivity, and Financial Performance) were evaluated utilizing a pre and postimplementation research design. A fifth domain, Risk, was dropped from the analysis due to insufficient numbers for valid statistical comparison. Once the research project was completed, the capabilities of the electronic system were utilized to better evaluate Quality, Regulatory and Contractual Compliance, and Productivity in all disciplines. This was particularly timely, given that OASAS (Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Services) in New York State instituted APGs (Ambulatory Patient Groups) as their payment methodology. Results: For the research aspects of this project, the following was found: (1) For Quality, pre-implementation annual medical assessments and annual, 30-day, and 90-day multidiscipline assessments were timely for 83 and 70%, 72, and 42% of cases, respectively. Post-implementation, timeliness of annual medical and annual multidiscipline assessments was 97 and 96%, 87, and 70% respectively, all highly statistically significant improvements. Also in the Quality domain, hepatitis C viral load was appropriately performed in 85% of cases pre-implementation and 81% post-implementation; a non-significant difference; (2) for Satisfaction, there was no change for patients and a nonstatistically significant upward trend post-implementation for staff; (3) Productivity tended to decline post-implementation; reaching statistical significance for counselors; and (4) Financial Performance (revenue per capita staff; cost per patient visit) did not change significantly. Post-research study, the ability to present provider staff with monthly reports covering Quality (opiate and cocaine-free status for 480% of patients; HIV viral load suppression; HgbA1c< 7 for diabetes mellitus; and BP< 140/90 for hypertension); Regulatory and Contractual Compliance (timely completion of behavioral and medical assessments; meeting or exceeding state targets for vocational/educational status); and Productivity (all clinical/administrative disciplines) resulted in improved performance over time. Conclusions: Despite results that were somewhat less robust than expected in some of the domains examined for the research; our ability to exploit the electronic system capabilities to provide timely feedback in critical processes allowed us to meet the challenges presented by the change in reimbursement and documentation in New York. It will also help us to navigate the changes as a result of the Affordable Care Act.","y","Neuropsychopharmacology","Embase","Journal Article","Patient information availability",2,13,2,"electronic information sharing system",4,"patient information system",0,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T101,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T101,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Saef, S. H.; Bourne, C. L.; Bush, J. S.; Scott, L. A.; Gaafary, H. C.; Keenan, K.; Walters, J.; Kriza, K.; Walker, B. J.; Carr, C. M.",2013,"The impact of a health information exchange on resource use and medicare-allowable charges at eleven emergency departments operated by four major hospital systems in a midsized southeastern city: An observational study using clinician estimates","Study Objectives: Use clinician perceptions to estimate the impact of a health information exchange (HIE) on emergency department (ED) care at four major hospital systems (HS) within a region. Use survey data provided by ED clinicians to estimate reduction in Medicare-allowable (MA) charges resulting from use of an HIE. Methods: The study was conducted during a one-year period beginning in February, 2012. Study sites included eleven EDs operated by four major HS in the region of a mid-sized Southeastern city including one academic ED, 5 community hospital EDs, 4 free-standing EDs and 1 ED/chest pain center (CPC) all of which participated in an HIE. The study design was observational, prospective using a voluntary, anonymous, online survey. Eligible participants included attending emergency physicians, residents, and mid-level providers (PA & NP). Survey items asked clinicians whether information obtained from the HIE avoided resource use while caring for patients at the study sites and used branching logic to ascertain specific types of services avoided including laboratory/ microbiology, radiology, consultations, and hospital admissions. Additional items asked how use of the HIE affected quality of care and length-of-stay. The survey was automated using a survey construction tool (REDCap Survey Software © 2010 Vanderbilt University). Avoided charges were calculated by multiplying the numbers and types of services reported to have been avoided by MA charges. Average cost of an admission from the ED was based on direct cost trends for ED admissions within the region. Results: During the 12-month study period we had 325,740 patient encounters and 7,525 logons to the HIE (utilization rate of 2.3%) by 231 ED clinicians practicing at the study sites. We collected 621 surveys representing 8.25% of logons of which 532 (85.7% of surveys) reported on patients who had information available in the HIE. Within this group the following services and charges were reported to have been avoided [type of service: number of services; MA charges]: Laboratory/ Microbiology:187; $2,073, Radiology: 298; $475,840, Consultations: 61; $6,461, Hospital Admissions: 56; $551,282. Grand total of charges avoided: $1,035,654; Average $1,947 per patient who had information available in the HIE (Range: $1,491 - $2,395 between HS). Changes in management other than avoidance of a service were reported by 32.2% of participants. Participants stated that quality of care was improved for 89% of patients with information in the HIE. Eighty-two percent of participants reported that valuable time was saved with a mean time saved of 105 minutes. Conclusions: Observational data provided by ED clinicians practicing at eleven EDs in a mid-sized southeastern city showed an average reduction in MA charges of $1,947 per patient who had information available in an HIE. The majority of reduced charges were due to avoided radiology studies and hospital admissions. Over 80% of participants reported that quality of care was improved and valuable time was saved. Limitations included observer bias, selection bias, and the Hawthorne effect. Allowance was not made for increased costs from additional services used because of information obtained from the HIE.","y","Annals of Emergency Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","improving quality of care and reducing costs for healthcare of non elective patients",2,23,2,"health information exchange",4,"HIE",0,0,0,"not stated (USA)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T102,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T102,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,2]
["Roset-Elias, M. A.; Cardena-Franquet, E.; Puigdueta-Lucas, I.; Obea-Maso, M.",2013,"What a city council can do to improve the quality of life in the elderly?","Introduction: The elderly citizens (older than 65 year) living in Barcelona, 338,000 people, represent 20.8% of the total inhabitants (1,600,000). Some of them (26%) live alone and their life expectancy is 85.0 years (women) and 79.3 (men). The Barcelona City Council is member of the World Organisation Global Network of Life Friendly Cities. In 2012 the recommendations of the City Council laid special stress on health, eating habits and physical activity. Goals: Setting the old people from Barcelona and their longevity as a priority in the Municipal Plan for the elderly over the period 2013-2016. Material and Methods: District programmes for active ageing and promotion of old people giving social priority to meals, nutrition and physical activity.- Cooperation strategies: (Municipal areas, districts, associations, voluntary services, professional sphere).- Promoting good healthy habits and physical activity. Leisure centres, neighbourhood and professional associations (Pharmaceutical Association, health centres).- Production and distribution in cooperation with different institutions of leaflets offering guidance to old people on safety and/or nutrition - (Barcelona Public Health Agency, epidemiology services).- Production of guidelines on nutrition, physical activity and sport (Food conditions: well-balanced and a varied diet planning which can be adapted to people's personal habits - ensuring nutritional safety at any time. Results: 1) Experiences related to nutritional needs of vulnerable population. Meals sharing with other people, dining premises designed to be used both as a place for meals and for socialising. Home-delivered meals for disabled people. Residential homes: Nutrition monitoring for long-term residents. 2) Experimental work to promote physical activity among old people. Municipal programme of outdoor gymnastic circuits (two in each district) and subsequent follow-up action and evaluation. Conclusions: Commitment to make progress in building up a city which fully accepts the challenge of ageing and cares for the old people who need to be attended to as they become vulnerable.","y","Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","Embase","Journal Article","health and quality of life of elderly (>65) population",1,0,2,"programme of activities",7,"City Council municipal plan",5,2,2,"Barcelona",13,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T103,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Barcelona"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T103,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainBarcelona",4,3,1]
["Coelho, D.; Garcia, M.; Salandini, M.; Bogus, C.",2013,"Urban agriculture as strategy to promote food and nutrition security","Background and objectives: Urban Agriculture (UA) developed through agroecological approach contributes to generating productive and ecological cities, by respecting social and cultural diversity. It is, therefore, an important strategy to sustainable development and to promote food and nutrition security. This work evaluates the role of UA activities developed in Primary Care Units as promoters of food and nutrition security among participants. Methods: Qualitative study carried out in the city of Embu das Artes (Sao Paulo/Brazil), through workshops of Systematization of Experiences with participants of an UA project. The workshops were analyzed according to thematic content analysis. Results: The discourses were organized based on Brazil's definition of food and nutrition security, from the new National Food and Nutrition Policy, according to the following categories: improvement of conditions to food access (growing vegetables and fruits for own consumption; local sale; community donation); food quality (organic production and consumption; greater food variety), environmental sustainability (use of household waste to produce organic fertilizer); healthy eating practices that respect cultural diversity (rediscover the ancestors food growing methods; social exchanges; community meals prepared with produce from the garden; development of culinary skills); production of knowledge (knowledge exchange within the community; understanding healthy eating benefits). Other important ideas have been identified, but they were not categorized for not fitting directly into the definition of food security and nutrition. Thus, we found that participants of the UA activities felt encouraged to develop home gardens in their homes. We also found a conscious awakening of the participants to self-perceived feeding and to perception of feeding in a broaden social and environmental context. Conclusions: The practice of Urban Agriculture with an agroecological approach is a powerful strategy to promote food and nutrition security, as it implicates on food, health, environment and social development.","y","Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","Embase","Journal Article","food and nutrition security",1,28,2,"urban agriculture ",2,"programme of activities",1,0,0,"Embu das Artes (Brazil)",68,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T104,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Embu das Artes"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T104,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilEmbu das Artes",14,2,0]
["Thomson, J. L.; Landry, A. S.; Zoellner, J. M.; Connell, C.; Molaison, E.; Yadrick, K.",2013,"Adherence indicators predict changes in health outcomes: HUB city steps","Participant adherence is a major threat to intervention effectiveness. Most researchers have reported effects of a single adherence measure on health outcomes. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate two adherence measures, separately and in combination, for predicting changes in health outcomes using data from a community-based lifestyle intervention, HUB City Steps, conducted in a southern, African American population. Data were collected in 2010 from 269 participants in this 6-month intervention targeting lifestyle changes to reduce blood pressure (BP). Two measures, education session attendance (ESA) and weekly steps/day pedometer diary submission (PDS) were used to create adherence indicators. Changes in anthropometric (body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat, fat mass) and clinical (BP, lipids, glucose) outcomes were assessed. Based on bivariate tests, associations were observed between adherence indicators and several health outcome changes (r = -0.3 to -0.2; P < 0.05). After controlling for baseline covariates using multivariable linear regression, not all of these bivariate relationships remained significant. For BP, a 1unit increase in the ESA/PDS continuous indicator resulted in a 0.3 mm Hg decrease. Adherence to intervention components may differentially predict changes in health outcomes.","y","FASEB Journal. Conference: Experimental Biology","Embase","Journal Article","reduced blood pressure",1,4,2,"community based lifestyle intervention",1,"education and pedometer recording",0,0,0,"not stated (USA)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T105,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T105,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Motz, D.; Huey, D.; Moore, T.; Freemyer, B.; Austin, T.",2013,"Journey of a five-hospital system to primary stroke center certification","Background: In 2008, a city with a population of over one million people had no organized stroke care or Certified Primary Stroke Centers. Patients presenting with stroke symptoms had inconsistent neurology coverage and little or no access to rtPA. The purpose is to describe steps taken for five acute-care hospitals (with one CMS provider number) to become Primary Stroke Certified. Methods: The journey began with administrative support and a commitment to provide the resources for a successful program. To oversee development, a Medical Director and Stroke Coordinator were appointed. To bridge the gap in available specialty physicians, partnerships were formed with a telemedicine group to provide emergency treatment and an academic medical center to augment the neurology and neuro-surgical coverage. Multidisciplinary teams met monthly in each facility. Representatives from each team formed a regional committee and an education council was created to share best practices and assure consistency across the system. Evidenced based order sets were developed using clinical practice guidelines. The Medical Executive Committee at each facility and ultimately the Medical Executive Board endorsed the order sets and mandated their use. Each facility chose the appropriate unit to cohort the stroke patients which encouraged expertise in care. Results: This journey resulted in a high functioning system of care. Baptist Health System became Joint Commission Certified in all five locations (May 2009). We were awarded the Get with the Guidelines Bronze Award (September 2010), the Silver Plus Award (July 2011) and the Gold Plus Award (July 2012). In addition, we were the first in Texas to achieve the Target Stroke Honor Roll (Q3 2011) and have maintained this status for eight consecutive quarters. Conclusion: In conclusion, administrative support is imperative to the success of a stroke program. Leadership, partnerships, committees, councils and staff involvement from the start drove the team to a successful certification process with outstanding outcomes. The stroke committees continue to meet monthly to analyze performance measures, identify opportunities for improvement and execute action plans.","y","Stroke. Conference","Embase","Journal Article","improving stroke care",2,19,2,"implementation of stroke system",3,"programme",3,0,0,"not stated (>1m)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T106,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T106,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Nguyen, Q.; Schmidt, N.; Tchetgen, E.; Glymour, M.; Almeida, J.; Osypuk, T. L.",2013,"Effects of a housing mobility experiment on neighborhood quality","Purpose: The Moving to Opportunity (MTO) trial is known to have influenced neighborhood poverty and select health outcomes, but the range of neighborhood characteristics, beyond poverty, influenced by MTO is not well documented. Methods: MTO was a randomized controlled trial in 5 US cities. Volunteer families were randomized (1994-1997) to public housing (in-place control group) or offered a voucher to subsidize private market rental apartments in any neighborhood (section 8 treatment group) or in low-poverty neighborhoods only (low-poverty treatment group). We analyzed 4-7 year follow-up survey data (in 2002) on neighborhood characteristics from adult and youth self-reports and interviewer-observed ratings. We also merged neighborhood data from the 2000 Census, public data sources, and 3 population-based surveys: Boston Neighborhood Survey, Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, and New York Social Environment Survey. Using linear regression, we quantified the standardized effect of MTO on the residential environment. Results: We find that compared with controls, the low poverty and section 8 treatment arms had substantial improvements in externally-measured neighborhood economic conditions (0.6, 0.4 SD respectively), collective efficacy (0.5, 0.2 SD) and violent crime rates (-0.4, -0.3 SD), as well as moderate decreases in MTO participant-reported neighborhood disorder (-0.3, -0.2 SD). Differences relative to controls were larger for the low-poverty than for the section 8 group for neighborhood economic conditions and collective efficacy, but generally similar for violent crime and self-reported indicators of neighborhood disorder. Conclusion: Housing mobility programs account for 40% of US Department of Housing and Urban Development's budget. They can have positive and wide-ranging impacts on the residential environments of low-income families. Determining neighborhood characteristics important for health is a critical endeavor.","y","American Journal of Epidemiology","Embase","Journal Article","Housing mobility",1,0,2,"offered opportunities to move to different areas/types of housing",2,"social housing or voucher for private rental",1,0,0,"5 US Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T107,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T107,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Decat, P.; De Meyer, S.; Jaruseviciene, L.; Ibarra, M.; Medina, J.; Auquilla, N.; Hagens, A.",2013,"Community embedded reproductive health interventions for adolescents in Latin America: Development of a complex intervention","Objectives: Adolescents in Latin America are at risk for unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. To date, many adolescent health programmes have targeted a single determinant of sexual and reproductive health (SRH). However, recent evidence suggests that the complexity of SRH issues demands an equally multi-layered and comprehensive approach. Information is lacking on how to develop such complex interventions. In response to these needs we are currently implementing the intervention research CERCA (the community-embedded reproductive health care for adolescents) in three Latin American cities: Cochabamba (Bolivia), Cuenca (Ecuador) and Managua (Nicaragua). This presentation will focus on the design process of the interventions. Methods: The research methodology builds on existing methodological frameworks, namely: action research, community-based participatory research and intervention-mapping. The intervention design is theory- driven and based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Social Cognitive Theory. The impact assessment of complex intervention strategies poses an additional challenge. We developed a specific controlled impact study making use of contextualised measurable behaviour outcomes. In Managua, we implement a randomised controlled study, and in Cochabamba and Cuenca we adopted a nonrandomised controlled study. Results: These methodological tools allow us to conduct, on the one hand, intervention research that accounts for the complexity of adolescents SRH determinants; and on the other, to carry out a comprehensive impact assessment and process evaluation. The interventions in each country address distinct target groups (adolescents, parents, local authorities and health providers) and seek improvement of the following SRH behaviours: communication about sexuality, SRH information-seeking, access to SRH care and safe sexual relationships. The core principle of the interventions is ' community-embeddedness'which means developing and implementing project objectives in close collaboration with stakeholders. Project CERCA also seeks to develop intervention activities in line with existing health system structures and government policies. Gender is a transversal topic throughout the intervention process as there is evidence that the more gender considerations are integrated and explicitly addressed within programmes, the greater is the likelihood of improved SRH outcomes for both young men and women. Project CERCA is drawing on multiple disciplines, including western medicine, epidemiology, sociology, anthropology, demography and political sciences, in the design and development of each city-specific intervention strategy. Conclusions: The CERCA project shows how to design effective health interventions targeted to adolescents SRH needs. The study will help to better understand how existing public health systems can be more responsive to the changing needs and demands.","y","European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care","Embase","Journal Article","improved sexual and reproductive health",1,47,2,"programme of interventions",1,"various",0,0,0,"Cochabamba (Bolivia), Cuenca (Ecuador) and Managua (Nicaragua)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T108,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T108,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,2,0]
["Hart, O.",2013,"Mountains, pathways and surfing: Implementing best practice for spinal pain","In 2008 Sheffield started work on a new spinal pathway, with a multistakeholder process designed to improve the equity, flow and ultimately, outcome of patients with spinal pain. Over the last 4 years the pathway has been developed, refined, and subject to two major audits. The work was stimulated by desire by local commissioning bodies to develop a clear, evidence based, equitable pathway across the city. It was also in light of well-established evidence of appropriate early intervention, in at risk groups, reducing the progression to chronic pain patterns. The features of the new pathway include early risk screening in primary care using the STarT tool, standardized wait times for services, implementing multi-skilled spinal teams with access to investigations as needed, and a paper based MDT with spinal team and surgical team to review spinal MRIs. The STarT tool was developed by the Keele ARUK primary care research team, and the outcomes of two studies using the tool in primary care were reported in 2011 [1]. The stratified approach to care championed by this team was successfully implemented in Sheffield. There are challenges in implementing new pathways of care in primary care, in real life, outside the rigour and 'resource-focused' setting of a clinical trial. Sheffield utilized, an educational strategy of meetings and web-based material-www.sheffieldbackpain.com, combined with a new single page referral form, with a universal 'bounce back' process for referrals not meeting a minimal data set. www.sheffieldbackpain.com is part of a suite of musculoskeletal websites (www.sheffiledachesandpains.com) that aim to educate both professionals and patients. The aim is to improve health literacy and facilitate self-management of standard MSK complaints. Large scale audit work in Sheffield (2011/2012) demonstrates that this has been successful approach that reduces referral numbers, but improves access for the most complex cases. Overall referrals to physiotherapy have reduced by 15%, referrals to spinal surgery have reduced by over 50%, and the incidence of psychosocial risk factors being assessed and communicated by GPs has increased from 33% to 99%.","y","Rheumatology (United Kingdom)","Embase","Journal Article","improve quality and outcomes for patients with spinal pain",2,40,2,"spinal care pathway",3,"commissioning",2,2,0,"Sheffield",193,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T109,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sheffield"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T109,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandSheffield",3,3,1]
["Gao, C.; Liu, G. G.; Xu, F.; Wu, H.; Jin, X. J.",2013,"Payment reform and changes in health care in china","OBJECTIVES: As the health care safety net continues to grow in both depth and breadth, the provider payment system will play an increasing role in the resource allocation of health care in China. This paper is intended to assess the primary effects of payment reform of capitation experiment and the supplementary open enrollment policy in Changde city, China. METHODS: In October 2007, Changde employed a capitation approach to pay for health care under the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI), while the fee-forservice approach was still used by the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) in the city and other programs as well. Using the national URBMI Household Panel Survey from 2008-2010, we conducted a set of difference-indifference (DD) models to assess the capitation policy effect on cost and utilization outcomes while controlling for other differences between Changde and other cities. RESULTS: The study finds the payment reform to reduce its inpatient out-of-pocket cost by 19.7%, out-of-pocket ratio by 9.5%, and length of stay by 17.5%. The total inpatient cost, drug cost ratio, treatment effect, and patient satisfaction showed little difference between FFS and capitation models. The robust tests find the relatively poor health subsample present a similar pattern with the results based on the full sample; as for the population cohort with good and very good self-rated health conditions, the payment reform in Changde has little impact on either providers or patients. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the payment reform in Changde led to an decrease in the financial burden of patients for inpatient care and improve hospital efficiency, without compromising quality of care. The total cost measures remain no change between capitation and FFS settings, which can be research topics for further studies concerning the long term effect of capitation approaches.","y","Value in Health","Embase","Journal Article","efficient use of resources",2,40,2,"payment reforms",3,"capitation budget",6,0,0,"Changde (China)",44,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T110,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Changde"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T110,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaChangde",5,4,1]
["Portman, M.; Aung, S.; Brigstock-Barron, O.; Hunt, T.; Doyle, T.; Smith, A.; Hirst, J.; Evans, A.",2013,"T'HIV'K goes North: Outcomes and experience of UK HIV Testing week in a northern UK city",null,"y","HIV Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","increase HIV diagnosis",2,2,1,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated (UK)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T111,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T111,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",15,3,0]
["Angell, S. Y.; Cobb, L. K.; Curtis, C. J.; Konty, K. J.; Silver, L. D.",2012,"Change in trans fatty acid content of fast-food purchases associated with New York city's restaurant regulation: A pre-post study","Background: Dietary trans fat increases risk for coronary heart disease. In 2006, New York City (NYC) passed the first regulation in the United States restricting trans fat use in restaurants. Objective: To assess the effect of the NYC regulation on the trans and saturated fat content of fast-food purchases. Design: Cross-sectional study that included purchase receipts matched to available nutritional information and brief surveys of adult lunchtime restaurant customers conducted in 2007 and 2009, before and after implementation of the regulation. Setting: 168 randomly selected NYC restaurant locations of 11 fast-food chains. Participants: Adult restaurant customers interviewed in 2007 and 2009. Measurements: Change in mean grams of trans fat, saturated fat, trans plus saturated fat, and trans fat per 1000 kcal per purchase, overall and by chain type. Results: The final sample included 6969 purchases in 2007 and 7885 purchases in 2009. Overall, mean trans fat per purchase decreased by 2.4 g (95% CI, -2.8 to -2.0 g; P < 0.001), whereas saturated fat showed a slight increase of 0.55 g (CI, 0.1 to 1.0 g; P = 0.011). Mean trans plus saturated fat content decreased by 1.9 g overall (CI, -2.5 to -1.2 g; P < 0.001). Mean trans fat per 1000 kcal decreased by 2.7 g per 1000 kcal (CI, -3.1 to -2.3 gper 1000 kcal; P < 0.001). Purchases with zero grams of trans fat increased from 32% to 59%. In a multivariate analysis, the poverty rate of the neighborhood in which the restaurant was located was not associated with changes. Limitation: Fast-food restaurants that were included may not be representative of all NYC restaurants. Conclusion: The introduction of a local restaurant regulation was associated with a substantial and statistically significant decrease in the trans fat content of purchases at fast-food chains, without a commensurate increase in saturated fat. Restaurant patrons from high- and low-poverty neighborhoods benefited equally. However, federal regulation will be necessary to fully eliminate population exposure to industrial trans fat sources. Primary Funding Source: City of New York and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Healthy Eating Research program. © 2012 American College of Physicians.","y","Annals of Internal Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","Diet",1,26,2,"reducing trans-fat in food",2,"regulation",4,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T112,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T112,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Pugh, T. A. M.; MacKenzie, A. R.; Whyatt, J. D.; Hewitt, C. N.",2012,"Effectiveness of green infrastructure for improvement of air quality in urban street canyons","Street-level concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO<inf>2</inf>) and particulate matter (PM) exceed public health standards in many cities, causing increased mortality and morbidity. Concentrations can be reduced by controlling emissions, increasing dispersion, or increasing deposition rates, but little attention has been paid to the latter as a pollution control method. Both NO<inf>2</inf> and PM are deposited onto surfaces at rates that vary according to the nature of the surface; deposition rates to vegetation are much higher than those to hard, built surfaces. Previously, city-scale studies have suggested that deposition to vegetation can make a very modest improvement (<5%) to urban air quality. However, few studies take full account of the interplay between urban form and vegetation, specifically the enhanced residence time of air in street canyons. This study shows that increasing deposition by the planting of vegetation in street canyons can reduce street-level concentrations in those canyons by as much as 40% for NO<inf>2</inf> and 60% for PM. Substantial street-level air quality improvements can be gained through action at the scale of a single street canyon or across city-sized areas of canyons. Moreover, vegetation will continue to offer benefits in the reduction of pollution even if the traffic source is removed from city centers. Thus, judicious use of vegetation can create an efficient urban pollutant filter, yielding rapid and sustained improvements in street-level air quality in dense urban areas. © 2012 American Chemical Society.","y","Environmental Science and Technology","Embase","Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"planting vegetation in street canyons",2,"not stated",1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T113,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T113,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,1]
["Chin, J. J.; Abesamis-Mendoza, N.",2012,"Project CHARGE: building an urban health policy advocacy community","The Coalition for Health Access to Reach Greater Equity (Project CHARGE) is a health policy advocacy coalition devoted to improving healthcare access for Asian Americans in New York City. This paper discusses Project CHARGE's strategies for building a successful coalition. Findings are based on evaluation data from field observations and surveys of Coalition representatives. (1) Health policy coalitions can gain strength by recruiting from a wider range of organizations; maintaining a diverse coalition requires developing strong relationships among members. (2) Locally focused health policy coalitions should consider modifying course if needed to respond to policy developments at other governmental levels. (3) Health service providers can help to sustain policy advocacy activities if sufficient training is provided to develop them into policy advocates. (4) Early successes need to be planned to galvanize Coalition members. Aiming to build a policy advocacy \"community\" may help to ensure that advocacy continues even when funding is scarce.","y","Progress in community health partnerships : research, education, and action","Embase","Journal Article","improving healthcare access",2,40,2,"advocacy to improve access to healthcare for asian americans",3,"coalition",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T114,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T114,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Dresser, M. G.; Short, L.; Wedemeyer, L.; Bredow, V. L.; Sacks, R.; Larson, K.; Levy, J.; Silver, L. D.",2012,"Public health detailing of primary care providers: New York City's experience, 2003-2010","Background: Given evidence of widespread underuse of recommended clinical preventive services and chronic disease management, New York City developed the Public Health Detailing Program, a primary care provider outreach initiative to increase uptake of best practices on public health priorities. Purpose: The goal of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Public Health Detailing Program in helping primary care providers and their staff to improve patient care on public health challenges. Methods: An analysis was conducted of reported changes in clinical practice or behavior by examining providers' retention and implementation of recommendations for campaigns. Results: During each campaign, 170 to 443 providers and 136 to 221 sites were reached. Among providers who responded to questions on changes in their practice behavior, the following significant increases occurred from baseline to follow-up. Screening for clinical preventive services increased, including routinely screening for intimate partner violence (14%-42%). Clinical management increased, such as prescribing longer-lasting supplies of medicine (29%-42%). Lifestyle modification and behavior change, such as recommending increased physical activity to patients with high cholesterol levels, rose from 52% to 73%. Self-management goal-setting with patients increased, such as using a clinical checkbook to track hemoglobin HbA1c goals (28% to 43%). Conclusions: Data suggest that public health detailing can be effective for linking public health agencies and their recommendations to providers and influencing changes in clinical practice behavior. © 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine.","y","American Journal of Preventive Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","under use of preventative and chronic disease management best practice",2,38,2,"training and support on best practice for primary care providers",1,"health department",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T115,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T115,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Page, R. L.; Slejko, J. F.; Libby, A. M.",2012,"A citywide smoking ban reduced maternal smoking and risk for preterm births: A colorado natural experiment","Background: Few reports exist on the association of a public smoking ban with fetal outcomes and maternal smoking in the United States. We sought to evaluate the effect of a citywide smoking ban in comparison to a like municipality with no such ban in Colorado on maternal smoking and subsequent fetal birth outcomes. Methods: A citywide smoking ban in Colorado provided a natural experiment. The experimental citywide smoking ban site was implemented in Pueblo, Colorado. A comparison community was chosen that had no smoking ban, El Paso County, with similar characteristics of population, size, and geography. The two sites served as their own controls, as each had a preban and postban retrospective observation period: preban was April 1, 2001, to July 1, 2003; postban was April 1, 2004, to July 1, 2006. Outcomes were maternal smoking (self-report), low birth weight (LBW) (defined as <2500g or as <3000g), and preterm births (<37 weeks gestation) in singleton births from mothers residing in these cities and reported to the State Department of Public Health. A difference-in-differences estimator was used to account for site and temporal trends in multivariate models. Results: Compared to El Paso County preban, the odds of maternal smoking and preterm births were, respectively, 38% (p<0.05) and 23% (p<0.05) lower in Pueblo. The odds for LBW births decreased by 8% for <3000g and increased by 8.4% for <2500g; however, neither was significant. Conclusions: This is the first evidence in the United States that population-level intervention using a smoking ban improved maternal and fetal outcomes, measured as maternal smoking and preterm births. © Copyright 2012, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2012.","y","Journal of Women's Health","Embase","Journal Article","reducing smoking",1,7,2,"smoking ban",2,"legislation",4,0,0,"Pueblo (Colorado, USA)",164,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T116,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Pueblo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T116,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPueblo",1,1,2]
["Fransen, G. A. J.; Koster, M.; Molleman, G. R. M.",2012,"Towards an integrated community approach of overweight prevention: The experiences of practitioners and policymakers","Background. Fighting overweight effectively asks for a community-based coherent integrated approach. The first step in improving the local prevention of overweight is to retrieve practice-based information on the interventions used and the experiences of practitioners.Objectives. A variety of practitioners and policymakers in three different cities in The Netherlands were interviewed to investigate: what kind of interventions are used in practice today? What is helpful and what does not to implement these interventions? What is needed? How is the collaboration between the parties involved?Methods. Three observers classified all statements systematically according to the four categories from the implementation model by Fleuren M, Wiefferink K, Paulussen T (Determinants of innovation within health care organizations: literature review and Delphi study. Int J Qual Health Care 2004; 16: 107-123).Results. In Nijmegen, 29 interventions for the prevention or treatment of overweight were identified for the target group youth and 22 for adults. In Wijchen, these were, respectively, 22 and 13 interventions, and in Maasdriel, 24 interventions were found for youth. Most interventions addressed healthy eating and/or physical activity, a few paid attention to psychological or pedagogical aspects. Most participants were satisfied with the intervention(s) they used. For the question what does not work?, 61% of the answers were related to characteristics of the organization or social and political context of the intervention. Merely, all sectors expressed difficulties in involving parents.Conclusions. Many different interventions are applied in everyday practice within each city, but in a fragmented way. Too little attention is being paid to pedagogical aspects and to involving parents in preventing overweight. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.","y","Family Practice","Embase","Journal Article","obesity prevention",1,1,2,"numeruos interventions",0,"various initiatives",0,0,0,"Nijmegen, Wijchen, Maasfriel (3 cities in Netherlands)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T117,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T117,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",30,3,0]
["Matsudo, V.",2012,"The role of partnerships in promoting physical activity: The experience of Agita Sao Paulo","Strategic partnership is a logical approach to face some of the public health problems. However, its application is somewhat more complex. In this paper our experience with three networks (Agita Sao Paulo, Physical Activity Network of Americas, and Agita Mundo Network) was described. In the case of Agita Sao Paulo even the name was a consequence of a partnership with a marketing company, and is an idiomatic expression that means much more than just to move your body. It also means to move psychologically and socially, with the concept of \"active citizenship\". Among the important features of that intervention, we highlighted: (a) national and international intellectual partnership; (b) strong institutional partnerships, including government in one hand, and non-governmental and private sector in the other hand, in a so called: \"two-hats approach\"; (c) minimal formalization/maximal flexibility; (d) a signed letter of agreement: an active symbol of institutional commitment; (e) use the \"mobile management\" adaptation of the ecological model, in which attention was given to intrapersonal, social, and physical environmental factors, in a dynamic way; (f) attention to inter-sectoral as well as to intra-sectoral partners, in which creates incentives for participation of more than one representative from each sector; (g) the inclusion principle, that was not restricted to the institution, but affected the program actions, materials, and particularly the messages; (h) a high level of legitimacy of the coordination institution in the leadership; (i) special attention to improve environment supports for physical activity, such as: strategic partnerships established with the Metro System, that serves over 1 million persons/day; the Truck Drivers Radio Station; the State Secretariat of Environment, that built a walking path around its main building; the city of Sao Caetano do Sul, with the healthy sidewalk program; the city of Santana do Parnaiba building a walking path around the outpatients clinic, as well as the establishment of a fitness room in the basic unit of health; and Sorocaba, a city of 600,000 inhabitants, that after 4 years of the program of building walk and bike pathways, and parks, found a decrease in hospitalization of 50% by stroke, and 57% of diabetes type 2. A recent paper has shown that sedendarism has declined relatively about 70% from 2002 to 2008 in the State of Sao Paulo, and World Bank has reported that Agita represents a saving of 310 million US dollars per year in the health sector of Sao Paulo. All this scenario strongly suggests that the social issue in the developing countries facilitates the success of strategic partnerships. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.","y","Health and Place","Embase","Journal Article","Increasing physical activity",1,29,2,"various initiatives",0,"partnership approach",2,0,0,"Sao Paulo",182,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T118,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sao Paulo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T118,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSao Paulo",14,2,0]
["Lee, K. K.",2012,"Developing and implementing the Active Design Guidelines in New York City","Physical inactivity is a leading cause of death in the United States and globally and is also associated with several additional leading causes of death, including obesity, high blood pressure and high blood glucose. The built environment plays a critical role in promoting or discouraging physical activity among adults and children. To create a healthier and more physically active city, a working group comprising several New York City agencies, including the Departments of Design and Construction, Health and Mental Hygiene, Transportation and City Planning, and in collaboration with design organizations and academics, published the Active Design Guidelines (ADG; <www.nyc.gov/adg>) in January 2010. The ADG is a manual of evidence-based and best-practice strategies for increasing physical activity in the design and construction of neighborhoods, streets and buildings. The commentary discusses key activities and events leading up to the publication as well as current implementation activities. It also shares the lessons learned that could assist other communities interested in improving their built environments in developing and implementing similar activities and initiatives. © 2011.","y","Health and Place","Embase","Journal Article","increasing physcial activity",1,29,2,"guide to built enviroment to promote activity",2,"collaboriation to produce best practice guide",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T119,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T119,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Duncan, B. R.",2012,"New healthcare model: Citywide care management","Objective: Patient-centered healthcare and its components of human interaction in an era of accountable healthcare and healthcare reform enables proactive preventive healthcare, saves millions in public funds, and decreases unnecessary emergency room (ER) visits; it comports with 2010 Accountable Care Act (ACA) mandates to establish patient-centered medical homes (PCMH) and accountable care organizations (ACO) which limit diagnostic testing and some treatments and hold physicians accountable for care outcomes. Method: The Camden Healthcare Coalition (CHCC) analyzed patient usage of ER resources and applied this to set up costeffective PCMHs and ACOs. Electronic medical record (EMR) data were shared with Camden hospitals and a profile of \"super-utilizers\" was developed: 20% of patients generated 90% of costs; the top 1% of super-utilizers made between 24 and 324 emergency room visits/five years; one patient was hospitalized 113 times in one year; 30 patients accounted for one-third of Camden's medical costs; and nearly $375 million in uncompensated care was provided. Results: With a modest grant and state legislation, CHCC developed a PCMH without walls for super-utilizers: Teaching and treatment teams led by nurse practitioners visited patients in shelters and on streets. There were 40% fewer monthly ER visits, 56% less charges; reimbursements increased 50% because of enrollment of super-utilizers in insurance programs. Conclusion: The CHCC model for proactive care for superutilizers provided better care-not withdrawal of care. Other cities could effectively share data and utilize the teams approach to healthcare management for super-utilizers and other patient groups. Our model is now being considered nationally.","y","Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States)","Embase","Journal Article","quality and cost of care for 'high users' of healthcare is poor and expensive",2,39,2,"improved and proactive healthcare for high users/most needy ",3,"collaboration and legislation",2,4,0,"Camden (USA)",38,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T120,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Camden"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T120,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCamden",1,1,2]
["Campbell, A.; Ednie, H.; Mutrie, N.; McLeod, J.",2012,"Exercise based cancer rehabilitation-from pilot to practice","Background: Exercise based rehabilitation programmes have been established in many countries for chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cancer is now considered as a long term condition with over 2 million cancer survivors living in the UK. There are manyevidence based physical and psychological benefits to staying active after a cancer diagnosis: prevent or slow down deconditioning during treatment, to combat treatment related side effects, assist survivors to get maintain a healthy lifestyle and potentially reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and all cause mortality. Methods: Since 2001, selected groups of breast cancer patients in Scotland have contributed to a number of studies looking at the effect of a group community based exercise intervention during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The positive effects of these published studies, including cost benefit analysis resulted in the development of a national health services (NHS) community based exercise rehabilitation incorporated into the cancer care programme. Results: There are now two city wide Active ABC (after breast cancer) programmes running in Scotland. There is a referral pathway which allows women to enter the exercise programme at different stages of their cancer care pathway. A national occupational standard qualification has been established to ensure that all exercise instructors can confidently prescribe safe and effective programmes for anyone living with cancer. Women are offered exercise consultations, home based programmes and group exercises with the aim to help them to become independent exercisers. There are now plans to expand this to other cancer survivors including prostate, colorectal, gynaecological and haematological cancers. Conclusions: A community based supervised group exercise programme incorporating behaviour change techniques and healthy lifestyle workshops provided lasting benefits for women in terms of higher levels of activity and positive mood. Regular activity is now encouraged for all women with breast cancer and is part of their cancer care package as this can have lasting implications for physical and psychological functioning.","y","Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport","Embase","Journal Article","exercise based rehabilation from cancer (breast)",2,22,2,"community based exercise ",3,"additional services",3,0,0,"2 cities in Scotland (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T121,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T121,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",50,3,0]
["Kattan, J.; Richichi, A.; Tabaei, B.; Rosen, R.; Silver, L.; Chamany, S.",2012,"New York City A1c registry patient outreach: The patient perspective","Since 2006, New York City (NYC) laboratories have been mandated to report A1C test results to the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH). A primary activity of this A1C Registry is dissemination of provider and patient tools to improve diabetes control. One tool is a letter mailed by DOHMH (on health care facility letterhead) to adults with A1C test results >9%, informing patients of test results, providing educational material, and encouraging provider visits. Because this type of health department outreach is novel, DOHMH conducted a survey to assess patient response.A total of 1,266 persons were sent a letter during January 1-March 31, 2009, of whom 292 (23%) were randomly selected for a telephone survey. Respondents were questioned regarding medical history, reaction to the letter, and self-reported health care-seeking and self-management behaviors.Among 188 persons reached, 86 completed the survey. Fifty-two percent of respondents had diabetes for <10 years; 62% were taking insulin. Upon opening the letter, 53% of respondents reported feeling concerned, 28% interested, 8% scared, 6% did not know/remember, and 5% confused. After reading the letter, the majority of respondents reported feeling motivated (63%) or the same (33%). Overall, 91% of respondents said the letter was easy to understand. Among 77 respondents who reported a scheduled or completed appointment with their doctor since receiving the letter, 22% said the letter had prompted them to make the appointment. Regarding behavior changes among respondents after receipt of the letter, 59% reported changing diet, 36% how they took their medications, and 23% frequency of exercise; 83% reported > 1 of these changes.Overall, A1C Registry patient letters were well-received with limited negative reaction. The letters appear to have prompted modification of self-management behaviors and promoted followup with providers. These findings should be confirmed using outcome data on return to care and A1C levels among letter recipients.","y","Diabetes","Embase","Journal Article","Improved diabetes control",1,9,2,"registry and dissemination of information to improve diabetes control",1,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T122,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T122,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Fleischman, W.; Angiollilo, J.; Kuperman, G.; Onyile, A.; Shapiro, J. S.",2012,"Improving identification of frequent emergency department users using a regional health information exchange","Background: Frequent ED users consume a disproportionate amount of health care resources. Interventions are being designed to identify such patients and direct them to more appropriate treatment settings. Because some frequent users visit more than one ED, a health information exchange (HIE) may improve the ability to identify frequent ED users across sites of care. Objectives: To demonstrate the extent to which a HIE can identify the marginal increase in frequent ED users beyond that which can be detected with data from a single hospital. Methods: Data from 6/1/10 to 5/31/11 from the New York Clinical Information Exchange (NYCLIX), a HIE in New York City that includes ten hospitals, were analyzed to calculate the number of frequent ED users (>4 visits in 30 days) at each site and across the HIE. (Table presented) Results: There were 10,555 (1% of total patients) frequent ED users, with 7,518 (71%) of frequent users having all their visits at a single ED, while 3,037 (29%) frequent users were identified only after counting visits to multiple EDs (Table 1). Site-specific increases varied from 7% to 62% (SD 16.5). Frequent ED users accounted for 1% of patients, but for 6% of visits, averaging 9.74 visits per year, versus 1.55 visits per year for all other patients. 28.5% of frequent users visited two or more EDs during the study period, compared to 10.6% of all other patients. Conclusion: Frequent ED users commonly visited multiple NYCLIX EDs during the study period. The use of a HIE helped identify many additional frequent users, though the benefits were lower for hospitals not located in the relative vicinity of another NYCLIX hospital. Measures that take a community, rather than a single institution, into account may be more reflective of the care that the patient experiences.","y","Academic Emergency Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","frequent users of multiple Emergency Departments",2,23,2,"Information exchange to share information across providers to improve proactive care",4,"City department (NYCDHMH)",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T123,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T123,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Rea, R.; Lindsay, J.; Gregory, S.; Prescott, D.; Gray, T.; Warren, A.; Hannah, J.; Langeland, L.; Dhindsa, P.; Tan, G.",2012,"First diabetes: A successful integrated healthcare partnership for diabetes patients in Derby","Background: Integrated working across primary and secondary care is recognised as the solution to improving outcomes for patients with diabetes and reducing expenditure on patients with long-term conditions. Methods: First Diabetes, a joint venture partnership between First Provider Group (GP consortia) and Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, was commissioned in June 2009 to provide NHS services for 2,300 patients with diabetes within Derby City PCT. Results: Over 450 patients have been referred into the new service, with 23 per cent of patients transferring from the hospital and 77 per cent of patients being referred from GP practices. In all, 118 patients have been discharged from the new service having achieved their diabetes targets. Of these, 85 have maintained their HbA1c below 7.5 per cent 6 months after discharge with a further seven patients maintaining their own targets above 7.5 per cent. The GP practices have seen a 38 per cent and 26 per cent increase in the percentage of patients achieving an HbA1c of < 7.0 per cent and < 8.0 per cent respectively. A total of 187 patients have attended education courses including newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes, raised HbA1c prior to insulin and on a basal bolus insulin regime and a course for patients starting GLP-1 agonists. Over 1,000 patients have been screened for diabetes and over 600 patients receive their retinal screening locally. Unplanned admissions for diabetes have fallen by 21 per cent, together with a reduction in new and follow-up outpatient appointments. Discussion: Integrated partnership working between clinicians in primary and secondary care provides significant clinical benefit to patients with diabetes together with a reduction in hospital admissions and outpatient appointments.","y","Diabetic Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","Improvign diabetes control, outcomes and costs",2,9,2,"Integrated care.  Partnership joint venture between primary care and hospital to manage care more effectivly",3,"Integrated care",2,2,0,"Derby (UK)",61,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T124,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Derby"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T124,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandDerby",3,3,2]
["Heller, D.; Paone, D.",2011,"Access to sterile syringes for injecting drug users in New York City: politics and perception (1984-2010)","In the United States, political and social environments have shaped public health response to injecting drug use, and New York City represents a salient example. The history of \"harm reduction\" in New York City is characterized within changing historical periods and in relation to the actions of stakeholders. The expansion is traced over four periods: (i) 1984-1989: emergence, activism, and science; (ii) 1990-1994 reckoning: syringe exchange legislation and consolidation; (iii) 1995-1999: bureaucratization, opposition, and challenges to institutional control; and (iv) 2000-2010 revitalization: expansion of syringe access and harm reduction. It is clear from this review that the leadership of activism and the work of advocates catalyzed syringe access policy and practice. Without this \"push,\" it is unlikely that New York City would have experienced the dramatic decline in HIV infection among drug injectors in the 1990s. Second, successful arguments for expanding syringe access in New York City were based on the high HIV/AIDS infection rates. Thus, program developments were advocated as HIV prevention interventions, rather than as expanded services for addressing broader health and social issues of injecting drug use.","y","Substance use & misuse","Embase","Journal Article","reduced harm of sharing needles by drug users",1,2,1,"series of inteventins, over 16 years, including legislation, to improve ease of access to syringes",0,"legislation and programme",4,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T125,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T125,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Horton, S.",2011,"Improving quality in care homes using an electronic tool","Measuring the quality of healthcare in care homes and domiciliary care settings is vital for effective commissioning and the safety of residents. However, the process is often both costly and time consuming. NHS Nottingham City developed an electronic tool to streamline the process and improve the feedback provided to homes.","y","Nursing times","Embase","Journal Article","improving the quality of care in care homes",2,40,2,"electronic tool to streamline the process of measying quality of care in care homes",4,"electronic tool",0,0,0,"Nottingham",148,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T126,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nottingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T126,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandNottingham",3,3,0]
["Kegler, M. C.; Swan, D. W.",2011,"An initial attempt at operationalizing and testing the community coalition action theory","The Community Coalition Action Theory (CCAT) blends practice wisdom with empirical data to explain how community coalitions achieve community change and community capacity outcomes. The current study uses data from an evaluation of 20 California Healthy Cities and Communities coalitions to test relationships between coalition factors and outcomes as predicted by CCAT in two stages of coalition development. Data are from two rounds of coalition member surveys, interviews with local coalition coordinators, and semiannual progress reports. Consistent with CCAT predictions and prior research, shared decision making and leadership were correlated with participation; staff competence, task focus, and cohesion were correlated with member satisfaction. Coalition size was associated with participation and dollars leveraged. Also, consistent with CCAT, diversity of funding sources was associated with new leadership opportunities and program expansion; dollars leveraged was correlated with new leadership opportunities and new partners. Findings provide preliminary support for many, but not all, of the relationships predicted by CCAT. © 2011 by SOPHE.","y","Health Education and Behavior","Embase","Journal Article","improved health of cities",1,0,2,"community coalitions to improve healthy cities",0,"community coalition action theory",2,0,0,"20 Californian Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T127,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T127,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Ingleton, C.; Chatwin, J.; Seymour, J.; Payne, S.",2011,"The role of health care assistants in supporting district nurses and family carers to deliver palliative care at home: Findings from an evaluation project","Aims and objectives. To examine the role of trained health and personal care assistants in supporting district nurses and family carers in providing palliative and end of life care in the community. Background. In the UK, there is a policy directive to improve end of life care and to enable greater numbers of people to die at home. This places considerable demands on community nursing services and family carers. In response to this, the Complex and Palliative Continuing Care Service employing generic health and personal care assistants was developed as part of the Marie Curie Delivering Choice Programme in one city in the UK. This paper draws on findings from an independent evaluation of the scheme. Design. The wider evaluation used a formative evaluation methodology. Method. This paper draws on in-depth interviews with a range of stakeholders (n=17), in-depth interviews with bereaved carers (n=6) and an analysis of documentation. Results. Stakeholders and bereaved carers perceived that the health and personal care assistants made a vital contribution to community palliative care. Careful recruitment, specific training, case management by district nursing with allocation of specific tasks and close ongoing communication were key features which stakeholders indentified. Family carers welcomed the way assistants developed relationships and became familiar and able to meet the care needs of patients. There were some problems reported which related to capacity, work flow and the need for extensive written care plans. Conclusion. Employing health care assistants under the supervision of district nurses appears to support patients and family at home during end of life care and contribute to good quality nursing care. Relevance to clinical practice. The needs for community-based palliative and end of life care will increase rapidly over the course of the next 20years, placing pressure on community nursing services and family carers. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","y","Journal of Clinical Nursing","Embase","Journal Article","improved pallliative care at home",2,45,2,"health and care assistants to support district nurses and family carers",3,"Marie Curie programme",3,0,0,"UK city (not stated which)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T128,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T128,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",15,3,0]
["Dulin, M. F.; Tapp, H.; Smith, H. A.; Urquieta de Hernandez, B.; Furuseth, O. J.",2011,"A community based participatory approach to improving health in a Hispanic population","BACKGROUND: The Charlotte-Mecklenburg region has one of the fastest growing Hispanic communities in the country. This population has experienced disparities in health outcomes and diminished ability to access healthcare services. This city is home to an established practice-based research network (PBRN) that includes community representatives, health services researchers, and primary care providers. The aims of this project are: to use key principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR) within a practice-based research network (PBRN) to identify a single disease or condition that negatively affects the Charlotte Hispanic community; to develop a community-based intervention that positively impacts the chosen condition and improves overall community health; and to disseminate findings to all stakeholders. METHODS/DESIGN: This project is designed as CBPR. The CBPR process creates new social networks and connections between participants that can potentially alter patterns of healthcare utilization and other health-related behaviors. The first step is the development of equitable partnerships between community representatives, providers, and researchers. This process is central to the CBPR process and will occur at three levels -- community members trained as researchers and outreach workers, a community advisory board (CAB), and a community forum. Qualitative data on health issues facing the community -- and possible solutions -- will be collected at all three levels through focus groups, key informant interviews and surveys. The CAB will meet monthly to guide the project and oversee data collection, data analysis, participant recruitment, implementation of the community forum, and intervention deployment. The selection of the health condition and framework for the intervention will occur at the level of a community-wide forum. Outcomes of the study will be measured using indicators developed by the participants as well as geospatial modeling.On completion, this study will: determine the feasibility of the CBPR process to design interventions; demonstrate the feasibility of geographic models to monitor CBPR-derived interventions; and further establish mechanisms for implementation of the CBPR framework within a PBRN.","y","Implementation science : IS","Embase","Journal Article","improved health",1,3,2,"community based approach to identify and implement intervention",0,"community based participatory approach",2,0,0,"Charlotte-Mecklenburg",46,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T129,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Charlotte"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T129,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCharlotte",1,1,0]
["Kelishadi, R.; Sarrafzadegan, N.; Sadri, G. H.; Pashmi, R.; Mohammadifard, N.; Tavasoli, A. A.; Amani, A.; Rabiei, K.; Khosravi, A.; Bahonar, A.",2011,"Short-term results of a community-based program on promoting healthy lifestyle for prevention and control of chronic diseases in a developing country setting: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program","The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of a comprehensive community trial on behavioral modification after 2 years of intervention. The interventions of this 6-year, comprehensive community-based study target the whole population, of nearly 2 180 000, living in 2 cities in Iran and are compared with another Iranian city considered as reference. Educational, environmental, and legislative interventions are being conducted at the population level. From the baseline to the second year of evaluation of this study, the consumption of hydrogenated fat decreased significantly in the intervention community, but it remained nearly constant in the reference area. Meanwhile, the consumption of liquid oil increased in the intervention community, whereas it decreased in the reference area. The prevalence of current smoking and attempt to smoke decreased, respectively, in men and youths living in the intervention area but increased or remained constant in the reference area; however, no favorable change was seen for smoking among women. Leisure time physical activity increased in women and declined in men of both communities; the slopes of these changes were greater in the intervention area. Although the consumption of salty/fat snacks slightly decreased in the school students of the intervention area, it had a sharp increase in the reference area. This program succeeded in improving some aspects of lifestyle in its different target groups. The authors suggest that the synergy of activities intensified the dose of interventions and led to this improvement.","y","Asia-Pacific journal of public health / Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","prevention and control of chronic diseases",1,50,2,"6 year community based programme to promote healthy lifestyle",7,"community based programme, including education, environmental and legislative changes",4,0,0,"Isfahan (Iran) & another city in Iran",99,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T130,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Isfahan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T130,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"iran"},"iranIsfahan",33,4,2]
["Freudenberg, N.; McDonough, J.; Tsui, E.",2011,"Can a food justice movement improve nutrition and health? A case study of the emerging food movement in New York City","In response to increasing obesity, diabetes, and food-related contributions to climate change, many individuals and organizations are mobilizing to advocate for healthier and more just local and national food policies and systems. In this report, we describe and analyze the food movement in New York City, examine tensions within it, and consider its potential role in improving health and nutrition. We conclude by suggesting that public health professionals can amplify the health effects of such movements by creating opportunities for dialog with movement participants, providing resources such as policy-relevant scientific evidence, documenting problems and evaluating policies, and offering technical, political, and organizational development expertise.","y","Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","food ",1,28,2,"food improvement social movement",1,"social movement",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T131,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T131,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Golub, M.; Charlop, M.; Groisman-Perelstein, A. E.; Ruddock, C.; Calman, N.",2011,"Got low-fat milk? How a community-based coalition changed school milk policy in New York City","In 2006, New York City, the largest school district in the country, eliminated whole milk and reduced the availability of sweetened milk in 1,579 schools. Despite pressure from the American Dairy Council, skepticism from school food administrators and elected officials, and the difficulties inherent in changing a system that serves 120,000,000 containers of milk per year, a community-led coalition prevailed. This article describes how parents, educational leaders, advocates, and health professionals collaborated to educate school children and their families to choose low-fat milk, and created change at a system, policy, and environmental level to promote health in the community. Copyright © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","y","Family and Community Health","Embase","Journal Article","food (milk)",1,28,2,"changed schoool milk policy",7,"community based coalition to make change at system, policy and environment level",2,1,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T132,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T132,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Brisky, L.; Brisky, T.",2011,"Improvement of health care for the poor in Split (Southern Croatia) during the first half of the 19th century","The aim of this study was to investigate the health care available for the poor citizens of Split during the first half of the 19th century. Soon after being constructed in 1797, the Civic Hospital in Split founded by the Ergovac brothers for the needs of the poor was transformed into a military hospital. Consequently, caring for this social stratum was taken over by two inadequate shelters and later by a small civic hospital situated in the Split suburb of Dobri. The year of the application of Petar Ergovac to the supreme ruler for the transformation of the hospital building established by his family from a military to a civil institution was found, as well as the correct data regarding its return to initial idea in 1821. On the basis of the archival documents kept in the Archaeological Museum in Split and in the State Archives in Zadar, the work organization of the Civic Hospital in Split and the first stage of its change from a charitable to a public health hospital institution were presented. This study revealed the aspiration of the authorities in the first half of the 19th century to improve the health system of the city of Split.","y","Collegium Antropologicum","Embase","Journal Article","improved health care for the poor",2,40,2,"inproved health care provision ",3,"hospital provision",3,0,0,"Split (Croatia)",194,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T133,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Split"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T133,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"croatia"},"croatiaSplit",22,3,0]
["Llargues, E.; Franco, R.; Recasens, A.; Nadal, A.; Vila, M.; Perez, M. J.; Manresa, J. M.; Recasens, I.; Salvador, G.; Serra, J.; Roure, E.; Castells, C.",2011,"Assessment of a school-based intervention in eating habits and physical activity in school children: The AVall study","Background: Obesity has become a global public health problem, which also affects children. It has been proposed that the educational interventions during childhood could be a key strategy in the prevention of obesity. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of an intervention on food habits and physical activity in school children. Methods: A 2-year cluster-randomised prospective study with two parallel arms was used to evaluate an intervention programme in children in their first year of primary schooling (5-6 years of age) in schools in the city of Granollers. The intervention consisted of the promotion of healthy eating habits and physical activity by means of the educational methodology Investigation, Vision, Action and Change (IVAC). At the beginning and at the end of the study (2006 and 2008) the weight and height of each child was measured in situ, while the families were given a self-report physical activity questionnaire and the Krece Plus quick test. Results: Two years after the beginning of the study, the body mass index of the children in the control group was 0.89 kg/m<sup>2</sup> higher than that of the intervention schools. The intervention reduced by 62% the prevalence of overweight children. Similarly, the proportion of children that ate a second piece of fruit and took part in an after-school physical activity increased in the intervention group. In the control group, the weekly consumption of fish was reduced. Conclusions: The educational intervention in healthy eating habits and physical activity in the school could contribute to lessen the current increase in child obesity.","y","Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","Embase","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"school based intervention in eating habits and physcial activity",1,"2 year cluster randomised prospective study",7,0,0,"Granollers",83,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T134,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Granollers"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T134,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},{"$f":"+V134&U134","v":"spainGranollers"},4,3,2]
["Braunstein, S.; Lavizzo-Mourey, R.",2011,"How the health and community development sectors are combining forces to improve health and well-being","The root causes of poor health experienced by many who live in low-income neighborhoods-such as the lack of access to health care, limited food choices, and exposure to environmental hazards-are well documented, but often go beyond the scope of the health care delivery system. But that is beginning to change. The health sector has begun to collaborate with the community development sector, which for decades has been working in low-income neighborhoods. Encouraging local and national examples of these new partnerships abound. They include an effort in Seattle, Washington, to reduce exposure to allergens and irritants among low-income asthmatic children, and a $500 million federal program to finance the operation of grocery stores in what have previously been urban \"food deserts.\" To nurture such efforts, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Federal Reserve System, and others have sponsored a series of \"healthy community\" forums in US cities. In this article we explore the growing partnerships between the health and community development sectors as well as the challenges they face, and we offer policy recommendations that might help them succeed. © 2011 Project HOPE-The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.","y","Health Affairs","Embase","Journal Article","lack of access to health care, limited food choices, environmental hazards",1,0,2,"healthy community forums in US cities.  A partnership of health sector and community developers",0,"Robert Wood Johnson, the federal resrerve and others sponsored programme",8,0,0,"Seattle",195,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T135,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Seattle"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T135,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSeattle",1,1,0]
["Richards, C. A.; Kerker, B. D.; Thorpe, L.; Olson, C.; Krauskopf, M. S.; Silver, L. S.; Weber, T. K.; Winawer, S. J.",2011,"Increased screening colonoscopy rates and reduced racial disparities in the New York citywide campaign: An urban model","Objectives: In 2003, in response to low colonoscopy screening rates and significant sociodemographic disparities in colonoscopy screening in New York City (NYC), the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, together with the Citywide Colon Cancer Control Coalition, launched a multifaceted campaign to increase screening. We evaluated colonoscopy trends among adult New Yorkers aged 50 years and older between 2003 and 2007, the first five years of this campaign. Methods: Data were analyzed from the NYC Community Health Survey, an annual, population-based surveillance of New Yorkers. Annual prevalence estimates of adults who reported a timely colonoscopy, one within the past 10 years, were calculated. Multivariate models were used to analyze changes over time in associations between colonoscopy screening and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Overall, from 2003 to 2007 the proportion of New Yorkers aged 50 years and older who reported timely colonoscopy screening increased from 41.7% to 61.7%. Racial/ethnic and sex disparities observed in 2003 were eliminated by 2007: prevalence of timely colonoscopy was similar among non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, men, and women. However, Asians, the uninsured, and those with lower education and income continued to lag in receipt of timely colonoscopies. Conclusions: The increased screening colonoscopy rate and reduction of racial/ethnic disparities observed in NYC suggest that multifaceted, coordinated urban campaigns can improve low utilization of clinical preventive health services and reduce public-health disparities. © 2011 by the American College of Gastroenterology.","y","American Journal of Gastroenterology","Embase","Journal Article","low colonoscopy screening rates",2,22,2,"multifaceted campagain to increase colonoscopy screening",0,"city governament (DoHMH) and city-wide coalition",5,2,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T136,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T136,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["de Salazar, L.",2011,"Linking public health surveillance systems to program effectiveness evaluation","The formal theory, methodological approach, and results of the effectiveness evaluation of a public health intervention is presented using information from public health surveillance systems and utilizing examples from interventions seeking to prevent and control chronic non-transmittable diseases (CNTD). Objective: The effectiveness of the <<Cali in Motion>> program was evaluated; the objective was to reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the city of Cali, Colombia. Effectiveness was assessed by the percentage of reduction in the prevalence of physical inactivity as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Additionally, other criteria were considered as intermediate indicators of the success of the intervention: building institutional capacity to produce and use information in action planning across disciplines concerning CNTD. The attribution of changes to the intervention was established by taking into account criteria such as: adherence to protocol, the bases for the changes found, contextual variables that influenced bothoutcomes and the implementation of the intervention, and the adequacy of time for the expected changes to become evident. Method: The evaluation model combines both qualitative and quantitative information to judge the effectiveness of the intervention on a scale constructed from four variables related to quality of design and implementation of the intervention, statistical significance of changes in the prevalence of risk factors, and attribution of the changes to the intervention according to the previously noted variables. Data on the changes in the prevalence of physical inactivity were obtained from the Surveillance System of Risk Factors Associated with CNTD (SIFREC) during the period of 2005-2007, and the qualitative information was obtained by systematizing the interventions. The study population was 1,385,470 individuals over 18 years of age; after correcting for design effect and taking into account an estimated prevalence of the event, p=50%; maximum sampling error of 4.4% (e); 95% confidence level (Z=1.96); and non-response rate was estimated at 1,080 subjects sampled, but the completed surveys totaled 927. For the processing and analysis of quantitative information, the EpiInfo program (version 3.4) was used, along with the module for population surveys by Stata (version 9) and Answer Tree by SPSS (version 15). The qualitative data analysis was performed by using the contrasting results technique for the variables studied. Results: Although the intervention was not effective in reducing the prevalence of sedentary lifestyles; and, on the contrary, it increased between 2005 and 2007, going from 73.4% to 79.5%, respectively, with CI (76.41-82.31); it did show important changes in institutional capacity to address the chronic problem of chronics by controlling risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle. Conclusion: The evaluation model based on results from a surveillance system is an alternative to account for the effectiveness of public health interventions, as well as to change surveillance into a public health strategy, going beyond its traditional instrumental conceptualization and becoming a critical input to public policy formulation. © 2011 Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud.","y","Colombia Medica","Embase","Journal Article","reduce prevalence of cardiovascular discsease ",1,26,2,"public health intervention \"Cali in Motion\"",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Cali (Colombia)",34,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T137,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Cali"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T137,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Colombia"},"ColombiaCali",6,2,3]
["Elbel, B.",2011,"Consumer estimation of recommended and actual calories at fast food restaurants","Recently, localities across the United States have passed laws requiring the mandatory labeling of calories in all chain restaurants, including fast food restaurants. This policy is set to be implemented at the federal level. Early studies have found these policies to be at best minimally effective in altering food choice at a population level. This paper uses receipt and survey data collected from consumers outside fast food restaurants in low-income communities in New York City (NYC) (which implemented labeling) and a comparison community (which did not) to examine two fundamental assumptions necessary (though not sufficient) for calorie labeling to be effective: that consumers know how many calories they should be eating throughout the course of a day and that currently customers improperly estimate the number of calories in their fast food order. Then, we examine whether mandatory menu labeling influences either of these assumptions. We find that approximately one-third of consumers properly estimate that the number of calories an adult should consume daily. Few (8% on average) believe adults should be eating over 2,500 calories daily, and approximately one-third believe adults should eat lesser than 1,500 calories daily. Mandatory labeling in NYC did not change these findings. However, labeling did increase the number of low-income consumers who correctly estimated (within 100 calories) the number of calories in their fast food meal, from 15% before labeling in NYC increasing to 24% after labeling. Overall knowledge remains low even with labeling. Additional public policies likely need to be considered to influence obesity on a large scale. © 2011 The Obesity Society.","y","Obesity","Embase","Journal Article","diet",1,1,2,"mandatory food labeling",1,"law",4,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T138,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T138,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Pumtong, S.; Boardman, H. F.; Anderson, C. W.",2011,"A multi-method evaluation of the Pharmacy First Minor Ailments scheme","Objectives To evaluate whether the Pharmacy First Minor Ailments scheme achieved its objectives in terms of improving access to medicines and reducing doctor workload for minor ailments by enhancing the role of community pharmacists in the management of minor ailments. Setting Nottingham, the United Kingdom. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted, including semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, a patient survey, and an analysis of the Nottingham City Primary Care Trust data. Main outcome measures Stakeholders' acceptability of the scheme and scheme users' satisfaction with the scheme. Results Most health care professionals were positive about the implementation of the scheme, although they reported some problems, such as the restricted formulary. The majority of stakeholders perceived benefits of the scheme for both patients and health care professionals. The level of patient satisfaction with the scheme was high, particularly in terms of ease of access and convenience. The current structure of the scheme appears to be an acceptable way to run the scheme. Since its commencement the scheme has enabled the transfer of a substantial number of minor ailments consultations from general practices to community pharmacies. Conclusion It appears that the Nottingham City Primary Care Trust is successful using community pharmacies to improve access to medicines and provide a greater choice in primary care for patients with minor ailments. Thus, the Primary Care Trust should continue the scheme, although there are some important issues (e.g. the restricted formulary, the lack of privacy in some pharmacies) that need to be addressed to improve and develop the service further. The Nottingham City Primary Care Trust should build on this success to further utilise the pharmacy in their primary care service development. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.","y","International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","Embase","Journal Article","reducing demand on GP and better utlisisign community pharmacy",2,38,2,"utilised community pharmacy/ist to treat minor ailments typically seen by GP",3,"commissioned service ",6,0,0,"Nottingham",148,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T139,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nottingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T139,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandNottingham",3,3,1]
["Rowan, M. T.; Palmer, A.; Gittelsohn, J.",2011,"Improving the food environment in baltimore city through policy change","The food environment, including availability and price, can greatly influence chronic disease risk. Policy interventions have the potential to institutionalize and sustain improvements in the food environment. This study was initiated in response to a request from Baltimore City (BC) lawmakers to develop feasible criteria for improving small food stores. Our mixed methods design included a literature review of small store interventions (N=18), in-depth interviews with program staff (N=11), and a structured survey with an expert panel of stakeholders (N=54). Using our initial findings, we created a set of 15 criteria, which were ranked by the panel for anticipated effectiveness. The highest ranked criteria included: 1) stocking fresh fruit; 2) using shelf labels; 3) displaying point of purchase posters; 4) adhering to food stamp and WIC guidelines; 5) stocking fresh vegetables. We then developed 10 key policy recommendations including: 1) the designation of \"high risk zones\" (<.25 miles from a school; >.25 miles from a supermarket and >40% of population below poverty line); 2) mandated adherence to criteria 1-5; 3) regular Health Department inspections; 4) license probation for noncompliance; 5) a graded incentivization program; 6) a stakeholder advisory board. These recommendations and the associated criteria have the potential to directly impact BC legislation, and improve the health of its residents.","y","FASEB Journal. Conference: Experimental Biology","Embase","Journal Article","access to healthy food",1,28,2,"Improve the food environmnet",0,"policy",1,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T140,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T140,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Swildens, W.; Blom, A.; Bolten, M.; Van Weeghel, J.",2011,"The impact and results of community support systems for patients with severe mental illness","Background/Objectives: In the city of Utrecht, the Netherlands, with approximately 3,000 patients with severe mental illness, mental health care and general welfare organizations have been working together since the year 2000 in establishing a comprehensive community support system. The objective is to meet the needs for care and support of patients with severe mental illness so that they can live satisfactory and more independently in the community. Methods: A research project was conducted to monitor the development of the community support system and to identify its impact on these patients. Three research strategies were combined: (1) An implementation study was conducted to examine the actual realisation of innovations on the main dimensions of the community support system: housing facilities, support on building up a social network, work and study facilities, recovery oriented care and information. (2) A cohort study was executed with a randomly selected group of 204 patients to gather information on the use of the community support system and the changes the patients experience in their living situations, care needs, functioning and quality of life. (3) A qualitative study was conducted to scrutinize patients' views of facilities for work and socializing (How do patients value these facilities and what are their functions in the support system?). These facilities are critical elements in local community support systems. Results: We will present the main findings on the development and use of the community support system and the outcome for the patients daily functioning, their societal participation, their met and unmet needs for care, and their subjective quality of life. Discussion/Conclusions: The patients made ample use of the various parts of the community support system. Vocational facilities as a part of the community support system contribute to change in work participation, a decrease of unfulfilled needs for care and improvement of quality of life.","y","Psychiatrische Praxis. Conference: 9th International Conference of the European Network for Mental Health Service Evaluation, ENMESH","Embase","Journal Article","increase / improve community suport for patients with severe mental illness so they can live more independently in the community",2,25,2,"community support system for patients with severe mental illness",3,"community support system",3,0,0,"Utrecht",224,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T141,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Utrecht"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T141,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsUtrecht",30,3,0]
["Bourne, S. C.; Wilkinson, T.; Kruk, H.; Austin, K.; Watson, J.; James, N.",2011,"Southampton city: Finding the missing millions and reducing admissions through medical intelligence","Background: Southampton City PCTwas highlighted in a BLF report as the only hotspot on the South Coast with a population at high risk of hospital admissions with an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). The reasons stated were a low number of registered COPD patients (1.5%), high smoking prevalence (32%) and deprivation. Predicted levels of COPD from local healthcare modelling were 6%. The trust was also experiencing a year on year increase of 15% in admissions for an acute exacerbation of COPD. Method Southampton University Hospitals developed a primary care support team led by consultant respiratory physicians with support from respiratory nurse specialists to support primary care in the diagnosis and management of COPD. The education was delivered in a variety of formats from interactive lectures to groups of primary care doctors and nurses, small spirometry educational sessions with practice nurses, within practice education, locally led COPD diploma modules, and the development of a website (http:// www.copdeducation.org.uk). The audit was performed on all admissions coded as COPD Exacerbation from the last 3 years and all notes reviewed to confirm diagnosis. Results: During the year long project COPD prevalence (from QOF) rose from 1.5% to 2.27%; an increase of 50%. The audit revealed several trends (1) admissions through the ED department rose by 10% each year from 2007 to 2010; (2) patients increasingly self presented to secondary care and (3) a large proportion of the admissions (22%) were due to a small number of frequent attendees (34 patients responsible for 176 admissions). We cohorted the frequent attendees and with a combination of discovery interviews and nursing/clinical support reduced admissions in this cohort by 78%). During this period COPD admissions reduced by 19% and 30 day readmission reduced from 13% to just 1.7%! Conclusion: Through the process of primary care education supported with other teaching modalities the diagnosis of COPD improved in Southampton. Medical intelligence of the admitted population combined with an appropriate intervention can reduce COPD admissions. This is just one of the ways the finding the missing millions part of the national strategy can be delivered.","y","Thorax","Embase","Journal Article","low rates of COPD diagnosis",2,31,2,"developed a primary care support team to educate primary care in COPD in the diagnosis of COPD",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Southampton",191,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T142,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Southampton"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T142,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandSouthampton",3,3,2]
["Spornitz, Y.; Milkovich, L.",2011,"Promoting health through an integrated patient care and community-based model","Chronic diseases are costly to the health care system and to individuals affected. The Red Deer Primary Care Network (RDPCN) implemented strategies to manage and prevent these, as well as promoting health in a broader context. Adapting the Expanded Chronic Care Model (Barr et al., 2003), we focused our patient - centered programs on self-management, evidence-based guidelines, multidisciplinary teams, as well as investing in partnerships with community organizations that embrace healthy public policy, supportive environments and strengthened community action. We incorporated this integrated model of patient care woven with community - based initiatives to support patients with chronic diseases in reaching goals to improve their personal skills in making healthier choices for physical and mental health. Along with individual coaching and navigation to community resources, patients accessed smoking cessation support; attended lifestyle workshops, happiness and anxiety groups; participated in virtual treks, and exercised with the greater community on adult outdoor gyms strategically placed in city parks - a RDPCN and city of Red Deer collaboration. Incorporating utilization focused evaluation we responded to patient and staff feedback in program quality improvement, and noted positive health changes such as better diabetic and hypertensive control, lowered medication use, decreased BMI and waist circumference, increased physical activity and energy for daily activities, and improved skills in making healthy food choices. From our experience, application of this integrated model facilitated increased capacity for action to promote health at the primary health care team, patient, and community level.","y","Canadian Journal of Cardiology","Embase","Journal Article","Chronic disease reduction",2,46,2,"implemented strategies to prevent and manage chronic disease",7,"community partnership",2,0,0,"Red Deer",172,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T143,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Red Deer"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T143,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Canada"},"CanadaRed Deer",2,1,2]
["Thomson, N.; Virdi, G.; Cohen, D. L.",2011,"Hub and spoke care for stroke: Is it feasible to transport people in a timely way in a big city?","Introduction: Stroke services in London have been reorganised to improve quality of care. Patients with suspected stroke are taken to 8 of 32 acute hospitals with designatedHyperAcute StrokeUnits (HASUs). The aim was that all patients should be within 30 min travel time from a HASU. There were concerns that this target would be unachievable, particularly during peak hours or bad weather. London traffic has an average speed of 16.9mph. Method: We analysed data collected by the London Ambulance Service from August through December 2010 on calls via 999 and from health professionals. Face Arm Speech Test (FAST) positive patients and those who were potential thrombolysis candidates because symptoms had started within 4.5 hours of the call were analysed separately. Results: 3,412 (0.53%) of 642,522 calls were FAST positive. 92% of suspected strokes were taken directly to a HASU and 4.6% to the nearest A&E because of clinical instability. Only 3.7% were not taken to an appropriate hospital. Mean time from 999 call to hospital arrival was 59.8 mins with mean journey time 16 mins. For patients within 4.5 hours of symptom onset, time from leaving the scene to arrival at the HASU hospital was<30 mins in 93%. This was achieved despite severe weather in December and the delayed opening of one HASU. During this period thrombolysis rates in the city rose from 3.8% to over 12%. Conclusion: Despite fears to the contrary, the Ambulance Service conveyed nearly all stroke patients to the appropriate hospital within the target time.","y","International Journal of Stroke","Embase","Journal Article","poor stroke care",2,19,2,"Hub and spoke model for stroke care",3,"commissioned",6,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T144,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T144,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,1]
["Bouch, P.; Milkovich, L.; Lamy, J.; Saringo, J.",2011,"Health Basics: Investing in a three-wave community-based approach to promote health and reduce obesity","Health assets are resources that enhance the ability of individuals, groups, or communities to maintain and sustain health and well-being and to reduce health inequities (Ziglio et al, 2000). Health Basics is an innovative program of the Primary Care Network (PCN) in Red Deer, Alberta, that re-frames health system-thinking from that of curing disease to investing in health assets as a means of promoting health for individuals and communities. The PCN embraces a three-wave approach to changing health behaviours and improving health. Wave One focuses on health care providers in role-modeling health. Wave Two targets referred patients in facilitating lifestyle changes through a series of workshops and follow- up classes related to physical activity, healthy eating, and life balance to lose weight. Wave Three reaches out to the greater community where the PCN partners with community groups in support of initiatives that increase access to and sustain active living for the population of Red Deer. Multiple strategies have been incorporated at the community level e.g., virtual treks; community activity partnerships with 11 community groups who are committed to facilitate and nurture physical activity; and placement of 10 outdoor gyms in city parks in partnership with the City of Red Deer. All strategies are designed to build on the strengths or assets of individuals and communities in empowering them to take control of their health. This presentation draws on our experience in implementing diverse activities, engaging program participants in their quest to lose weight and be more physically active, and working with community organizations in promoting health. Results of utilization: focused evaluation (multiple methods integrating quantitative and qualitative data) contribute to continuous program quality improvement, show positive changes in personal health behaviours and outcomes, and support the theory that community action and participation are requisites to health.","y","Canadian Journal of Diabetes","Embase","Journal Article","improve health",2,1,2,"programme to reframe thinking health system thinking from treatment to prevention/promoting health",7,"programme",2,0,0,"Red Deer (Alberta)",172,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T145,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Red Deer"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T145,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Canada"},"CanadaRed Deer",2,1,0]
["Gemzoe, L.",2011,"Public spaces - Public life. Planning for people","Background: Sectors, which used to be divided in planning like health, traffic and the environment, are now overlapping in the questions about how to make planning of the urban environment for people? Gehl Architects has worked with the focus on putting people first in planning in countries around the world. Methods: Behind our planning is research carried out over many years with the focus to define basic qualities that public spaces should offer. Another side of the research has focused on people and the studies of the actual patterns of use. Many of the user patterns are rather universal because they are linked to the way we are shaped as human beings. Putting people first has a series of implications in city planning and particular in the planning of public spaces. Aims/Objectives: Many of benefits for the quality of life and the qualities of the environment have health benefits as well. Our emphasis on people on foot and on bicycles implies that the infrastructure must be in human scale, that shops and other functions should be within walking or cycle distance and that the built environments should be composed of mixed functions. These goals are not far fetched but can be achieved in a process of changing the physical environment as well as the culture of use. Stronger invitations to use our feet or to cycle will in it self have health benefits but maybe the most important characteristic is that the city becomes \"softer\". There are social and other human qualities linked to an environment where people move slower and meet each other face to face. People moving from car to cycle, walking and transit will also reduce emissions, which has other health benefits so all in all there are many benefits in looking closer into how city planning based on human needs and on human senses has the potential to change the way we move around in daily life. Findings: The presentation will show examples of how cities have been changing with examples from Australia, USA and Europe. You can find more information about the reports on http://www.gehlarchi tects.com, where you can download many of them in English like the London, Melbourne and Sydney reports.","y","Internal Medicine Journal","Embase","Journal Article","promoting health",1,10,2,"use of planning to improve the health in cities",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Cities from Australia, USA and Europe",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T146,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T146,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Houston, A. M.; Tanner, A.; Paluzzi, P.",2011,"Utilizing a public-private partnership to develop a strategic plan to reduce teen birth, STI, and HIV rates amongurban youth","Purpose: After significant decline since the early 1990's, rates of teen births in Baltimore increased in 2005 and 2006. Despite a slight rate decrease (from 66.4 to 63.7/1,000 females age 15-19) from 2007 to 2008, the City's teen birth rate remained almost double the Maryland rate of 32.7/1,000. The purpose of this initiative was to develop a strategic, sustainable plan to reduce teen birth, STI, and HIV rates in Baltimore City. The plan was developed as a partnership between Baltimore City Health Department, Healthy Teen Network and Johns Hopkins University and utilized the CDC adopted Getting to Outcomes (GTO) model to conduct a community needs assessment. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative data were used to assess resources and needs including: 14 on-line surveys, 16 key informant interviews, and 2 multidisciplinary work groups with leaders of public agencies and directors of organizations that provide clinical and educational reproductive health services to teens; 6 focus groups with 40 in and out of school youth residing in Baltimore City; and a review of secondary data sources. Methods for data analysis included GIS mapping and descriptive statistics for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. Results: Mapping of clinical and community resources and teen pregnancy rates demonstrated significant geographic disparities in available services. No evidence-based comprehensive sexuality education curricula offered within the public school system exists. Although the network of 65 afterschool programs and faith-based organizations offer strong youth-development programming, specific teen pregnancy activities were not identified. Common barriers to implementation of a pregnancy prevention plan included: insufficient resources, inconsistent leadership for adolescent reproductive health issues, and no sustainability of efforts. Youth stated that they preferred and depended on in-school confidential reproductive health clinical services, accessible teen-focused clinical services, and caring adults. Conclusions: Using the GTO framework, strategies such as improved collaboration between health departments and public school systems to increase access to evidence-based sexuality education and confidential reproductive health services, increased outreach and connection to youth, and the creation of a stable city-wide coalition to be responsible for managing a plan, can be identified, implemented, and sustained over time. Strengths of this study include using an academic-private-public partnership to integrate evidencebased research into public health practice, and using a mixed methods approach to elicit information from adult and youth informants. It is important that professionals who serve youth use existing infrastructure, such as linking to mayoral health initiatives, strengthen and enhance the school-based health centers, and develop/strengthen relationships with the faithbased community, after-school programs, and private and public funders in order to create a supportive environment that addresses factors related to teen pregnancy prevention.","y","Journal of Adolescent Health","Embase","Journal Article","improve sexual health and teenage pregnancy",1,47,2,"developed a programme of iniatives and a partnership ",1,"Health department and partnership",5,2,1,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T147,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T147,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Malbon, K.; Clifton, A.; Nucci-Sack, A.; Diaz, A.",2011,"Text in the City': Implementation of a clinic based text messaging program to educate and inform","Purpose: Adolescence is a complex time, with many issues to address. Oneofthe biggest challenges in a healthcare setting is providing adequate and effective sexual health education. The initiation and use of hormonal birth control is a particularly cumbersome subject for youth to understand. Studies show that teen pregnancies are often the result of failedor improper birth control use. This suggests that Providers do not always get the instructions regarding starting a method delivered comprehensively. 'Text in the City' is a text messaging service developed to address additional questions youth may have following a clinical visit. This pilot study sought to determine the feasibility of instituting a text messaging service, the usage of the service and identification of questions being asked; therefore highlighting the gaps in patient knowledge and so informing health care Providers how they can managepatients more successfully during a clinic visit. Methods: A text-messaging platform, 'Text in the City', was created to serve three functions: 1. 'Chat': patients send in a question and have it answered by a Health Care Provider. 2. 'Healthbyte': patients opt in for a snippet of health education every week. 3. 'Birth control reminders': patients opt in for reminders (dailyorweekly). Toprotect patient confidentiality, questions sent via text come to a password protected on-line platform. A single Provider (KM) informed her patients about the service during their clinic visit. At 6 months, we analyzed the number of questions being sent in, the content of questions, number opting for 'healthbytes', number opting for 'birth control reminders', and overall number of unique users. We administered an on-line text message survey assessing demographics of users, frequency of use and patient satisfaction. Results: Four hundred ninety-three questions were senttothe 'chat' function. Analysis of the content identified 10 different domains with the majority (30%) being about birth control, over 40%ofthese questions were about proper start and use of a method. The second most common 'chat' domain was sexually transmitted infections, 35% of these questions concerning correct treatment and treatment counseling. Seventy-two patients opted for 'Healthbytes' and 49 patients requested 'birth control reminders'. Overall, there were 291 unique users ofthe service. Seventy percent of survey respondents found the service extremely useful and extremely easy to use; and 36% had used the service more than 6 times. Conclusions: Initial evidence suggests that 'Text in the City' is a well-used and feasible service with the 'Chat' function being highly popular. It appears that youth are mainly using the service toclarify proper use of a birth control method. This has changed our clinical practice and we now advocate for an immediate start of a method of contraception. We hope that the continuation of 'Text in the City' and the reproduction of similar services in other clinics, will go some way toward improving patient health education, and in turn aide in teen pregnancy prevention.","y","Journal of Adolescent Health","Embase","Journal Article","failure to use or improper use of birth control ",2,47,2,"text message service to support sex education",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T148,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T148,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,1]
["Harter, M.; Kentgens, M.; Brandes, A.; Bock, T.; Dirmaier, J.; Erzberger, M.; Furstenberg, W.; Hillebrandt, B.; Karow, A.; Von Dem Knesebeck, O.; Konig, H. H.; Lowe, B.; Meyer, H. J.; Romer, G.; Rouhiainen, T.; Scherer, M.; Thomasius, R.; Watzke, B.; Wegscheider, K.; Lambert, M.",2012,"Rationale and content of psychenet: The hamburg network for mental health","With the public-funded research and development project psychenet: the Hamburg Network for Mental Health (2011-2014), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research contributes to strengthening healthcare regions in Germany by establishing new trans-sectoral cooperations and implement and evaluate selected innovations. More than 60 partners from research, health care, health industry and government in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg are promoting innovative measures to improve the treatment for mental disorders. The main objective is to implement integrated healthcare networks based on evidence for effective treatment methods, deriving from high-quality research throughout five indications such as psychosis, depression, somatoform and functional syndromes, anorexia and bulimia and addiction illnesses in adolescence. Those networks are accompanied by additional measures, for example, for improving information and education, addressing occupational health or strengthening the participation of patients and their families suffering from mental illness. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.","y","European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience",null,"Journal Article","imrpoving mental health services",2,25,2,"trans-sector collaboration to implemnte integrated healthcare networks",3,"collaboration",8,2,0,"Hamburg",84,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T149,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hamburg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T149,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyHamburg",28,3,0]
["Head, P.; Jackson, B. E.; Bae, S.; Cherry, D.",2012,"Hospital discharge rates before and after implementation of a city-wide smoking ban in a Texas city, 2004-2008","The objective of this study was to examine hospital discharge data on 5 tobacco-related diagnoses before and after implementation of a smoking ban in a small Texas city. We compared hospital discharge rates for 2 years before and 2 years after implementation of the ban in the intervention city with discharge rates during the same time in a similar city with no ban. The discharge rates for blacks and whites combined declined significantly after the ban in the intervention city for acute myocardial infarction (MI) (rate ratio [RR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.85) and for stroke or cerebrovascular accident (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.62-0.82); discharge rates in the intervention city also declined significantly for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.54-0.75) and asthma (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52-0.91) for whites only. Discharge rates for 4 of 5 diagnoses in the control city did not change. Although postban reduction in acute MI is well documented, this is one of the first studies to show a racial disparity in health benefits and a decline in tobacco-related diagnoses other than acute MI after implementation of a city-wide smoking ban.","y","Preventing chronic disease","Embase","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"smoking ban",2,"law",4,0,0,"small Texas City'",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T150,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T150,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Caluza, A. C.; Barbosa, A. H.; Goncalves, I.; Oliveira, C. A.; Matos, L. N.; Zeefried, C.; Moreno, A. C.; Tarkieltaub, E.; Alves, C. M.; Carvalho, A. C.",2012,"ST-Elevation myocardial infarction network: systematization in 205 cases reduced clinical events in the public health care system","The major cause of death in the city of Sao Paulo (SP) is cardiac events. At its periphery, in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction is estimated to range between 15% and 20% due to difficulties inherent in large metropoles. To describe in-hospital mortality in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) of patients admitted via ambulance or peripheral hospitals, which are part of a structured training network (STEMI Network). Health care teams of four emergency services (Ermelino Matarazzo, Campo Limpo, Tatuape and Saboya) of the periphery of the city of Sao Paulo and advanced ambulances of the Emergency Mobile Health Care Service (abbreviation in Portuguese, SAMU) were trained to use tenecteplase or to refer for primary angioplasty. A central office for electrocardiogram reading was used. After thrombolysis, the patient was sent to a tertiary reference hospital to undergo cardiac catheterization immediately (in case of failed thrombolysis) or in 6 to 24 hours, if the patient was stable. Quantitative and qualitative variables were assessed by use of uni- and multivariate analysis. From January 2010 to June 2011, 205 consecutive patients used the STEMI Network, and the findings were as follows: 87 anterior wall infarctions; 11 left bundle-branch blocks; 14 complete atrioventricular blocks; and 14 resuscitations after initial cardiorespiratory arrest. In-hospital mortality was 6.8% (14 patients), most of which due to cardiogenic shock, one hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident, and one bleeding. The organization in the public health care system of a network for the treatment of STEMI, involving diagnosis, reperfusion, immediate transfer, and tertiary reference hospital, resulted in immediate improvement of STEMI outcomes.","y","Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia","Embase","Journal Article","Heart Attacks",2,30,2,"network of cardiac services",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Sao Paulo",182,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T151,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sao Paulo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T151,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSao Paulo",14,2,2]
["Denktas, S.; Bonsel, G. J.; Van der Weg, E. J.; Voorham, A. J.; Torij, H. W.; De Graaf, J. P.; Wildschut, H. I.; Peters, I. A.; Birnie, E.; Steegers, E. A.",2012,"An urban perinatal health programme of strategies to improve perinatal health","Promotion of a healthy pregnancy is a top priority of the health care policy in many European countries. Perinatal mortality is an important indicator of the success of this policy. Recently, it was shown that the Netherlands has relatively high perinatal death rates when compared to other European countries. This is in particular true for large cities where perinatal mortality rates are 20-50% higher than elsewhere. Consequently in the Netherlands, there is heated debate on how to tackle these problems. Without the introduction of measures throughout the entire perinatal health care chain, pregnancy outcomes are difficult to improve. With the support of health care professionals, the City of Rotterdam and the Erasmus University Medical Centre have taken the initiative to develop an urban perinatal health programme called 'Ready for a Baby'. The main objective of this municipal 10-year programme is to improve perinatal health and to reduce perinatal mortality in all districts to at least the current national average of l0 per 1000. Key elements are the understanding of the mechanisms of the large health differences between women living in deprived and non-deprived urban areas. Risk guided care, orientation towards shared-care and improvement of collaborations between health care professionals shapes the interventions that are being developed. Major attention is given to the development of methods to improve risk-selection before and during pregnancy and methods to reach low-educated and immigrant groups.","y","Maternal and child health journal","Embase","Journal Article","preinatal health",2,0,2,"10 year programme to improve perinatal health",3,"health department and collaboration",5,2,0,"Rotterdam",173,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T152,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rotterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T152,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsRotterdam",30,3,0]
["Tsui, E.; Bylander, K.; Cho, M.; Maybank, A.; Freudenberg, N.",2012,"Engaging youth in food activism in New York City: lessons learned from a youth organization, health department, and university partnership","Research indicates that insufficient emphasis on community collaboration and partnership can thwart innovative community-driven work on the social determinants of health by local health departments. Appreciating the importance of enhancing community participation, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) helped lead the development of the Health Equity Project (HEP), an intervention aimed at increasing the capacity of urban youth to identify and take action to reduce food-related health disparities. DOHMH partnered with the City University of New York School of Public Health and several local youth organizations to design and implement the intervention. HEP was conducted with 373 young people in 17 cohorts at 14 unique sites: six in Brooklyn, six in the Bronx, and two in Harlem. Partnered youth organizations hosted three stages of work: interactive workshops on neighborhood health disparities, food environments, and health outcomes; food-focused research projects conducted by youth; and small-scale action projects designed to change local food environments. Through these activities, HEP appears to have been successful in introducing youth to the social, economic, and political factors that shape food environments and to the influence of food on health outcomes. The intervention was also somewhat successful in providing youth with community-based participatory research skills and engaging them in documenting and then acting to change their neighborhood food environments. In the short term, we are unable to assess how successful HEP has been in building young leaders who will continue to engage in this kind of activism, but we suspect that more extended interactions would be needed to achieve this more ambitious goal. Experiences at these sites suggest that youth organizations with a demonstrated capacity to engage youth in community service or activism and a commitment to improving food or other health-promoting community resources make the most suitable and successful partners for this kind of effort.","y","Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","food related health disparities",1,28,2,"Increase capacity of urban youth to take action on food related health disparities.  Through a series of sessions in different settings",1,"DOHMH and partnership",5,2,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T153,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T153,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Coady, M. H.; Jasek, J.; Davis, K.; Kerker, B.; Kilgore, E. A.; Perl, S. B.",2012,"Changes in smoking prevalence and number of cigarettes smoked per day following the implementation of a comprehensive tobacco control plan in New York City","The New York City (NYC) Health Department has implemented a comprehensive tobacco control plan since 2002, and there was a 27% decline in adult smoking prevalence in NYC from 2002 to 2008. There are conflicting reports in the literature on whether residual smoker populations have a larger or smaller share of \"hardcore\" smokers. Changes in daily consumption and daily and nondaily smoking prevalence, common components used to define hardcore smokers, were evaluated in the context of the smoking prevalence decline. Using the NYC Community Health Survey, an annual random digit dial, cross-sectional survey that samples approximately 10,000 adults, the prevalence of current heavy daily, light daily, and nondaily smokers among NYC adults was compared between 2002 and 2008. A five-level categorical cigarettes per day (CPD) variable was also used to compare the population of smokers between the 2 years. From 2002 to 2008, significant declines were seen in the prevalence of daily smoking, heavy daily smoking, and nondaily smoking. Among daily smokers, there is also evidence of population declines in all but the lowest smoking category (one to five CPD). The mean CPD among daily smokers declined significantly, from 14.6 to 12.5. After an overall decline in smoking since 2002, the remaining smokers may be less nicotine dependent, based on changes in daily consumption and daily and nondaily smoking prevalence. These findings suggest the need to increase media and cessation efforts targeted towards lighter smokers.","y","Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"comprehensive tobacco control plan",7,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T154,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T154,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Thomas, S.; Paschall, M. J.; Grube, J. W.; Cannon, C.; Treffers, R.",2012,"Underage alcohol policies across 50 California cities: an assessment of best practices","We pursue two primary goals in this article: (1) to test a methodology and develop a dataset on U.S. local-level alcohol policy ordinances, and (2) to evaluate the presence, comprehensiveness, and stringency of eight local alcohol policies in 50 diverse California cities in relationship to recommended best practices in both public health literature and governmental recommendations to reduce underage drinking. Following best practice recommendations from a wide array of authoritative sources, we selected eight local alcohol policy topics (e.g., conditional use permits, responsible beverage service training, social host ordinances, window/billboard advertising ordinances), and determined the presence or absence as well as the stringency (restrictiveness) and comprehensiveness (number of provisions) of each ordinance in each of the 50 cities in 2009. Following the alcohol policy literature, we created scores for each city on each type of ordinance and its associated components. We used these data to evaluate the extent to which recommendations for best practices to reduce underage alcohol use are being followed. (1) Compiling datasets of local-level alcohol policy laws and their comprehensiveness and stringency is achievable, even absent comprehensive, on-line, or other legal research tools. (2) We find that, with some exceptions, most of the 50 cities do not have high scores for presence, comprehensiveness, or stringency across the eight key policies. Critical policies such as responsible beverage service and deemed approved ordinances are uncommon, and, when present, they are generally neither comprehensive nor stringent. Even within policies that have higher adoption rates, central elements are missing across many or most cities' ordinances. This study demonstrates the viability of original legal data collection in the U.S. pertaining to local ordinances and of creating quantitative scores for each policy type to reflect comprehensiveness and stringency. Analysis of the resulting dataset reveals that, although the 50 cities have taken important steps to improve public health with regard to underage alcohol use and abuse, there is a great deal more that needs to be done to bring these cities into compliance with best practice recommendations.","y","Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy","Embase","Journal Article","underage alcohol prevention",1,13,2,"various themed initiatives to reduce undersage alcohol consumption",2,"policy",1,0,0,"50 Californian Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T155,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T155,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Irwin, C.; Irwin, R.; Richey, P.; Miller, M.; Boddie, J.; Dickerson, T.",2012,"Get fit with the Grizzlies: A community-school-home initiative to fight childhood obesity led by a professional sports organization","Background: Professional sports organizations in the United States have notable celebrity status, and several teams have used this \"star power\" to collaborate with local schools toward the goal of affecting childhood obesity (e.g., NFL Play 60). Program effectiveness is unknown owing to the absence of comprehensive evaluations for any of these initiatives. In 2006, the Memphis Grizzlies, the city's National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise, launched \"Get Fit with the Grizzlies,\" a 6-week, curricular addition focusing on nutrition and physical activity for the 4th and 5th grades in Memphis City Schools. The health-infused mini-unit was delivered by the physical education teachers during their classes. National and local sponsors whose business objectives matched the \"Get Fit\" objectives were solicited to fund the program. Here we highlight the program evaluation results from the first year of \"Get Fit\" and the Journal of School Health article. However, the \"Get Fit\" program has now taken place in Memphis area schools for 5 years. During the 2010-11 school-year, \"Get Fit\" evolved into a new program called \"Healthy Home Court\" with Kellogg's as the primary sponsor. \"Healthy Home Court\" included the original fitness part of the program and added a breakfast component at high schools where data indicated great need. Kellogg's sponsored special \"carts\" with healthy breakfast options (i.e., fruit, protein bars) for students to grab and eat. This program matched their existing program \"Food Away from Home.\" Research supports the objectives of these programs and has shown that breakfast consumption can have a positive impact on academic achievement, behavior in school, and overall health status. Method: Survey research employed over the first 4 years measured health knowledge acquisition and health behavior change using a matched pre/post test design (n=2210) in randomly chosen schools (n=18) from all elementary schools in the Memphis area. McNemar's test for significance (p<.05) was applied to measure correct answers pre and post. Also, breakfast attendance numbers were observed for intervention high schools and compared with breakfast attendance numbers from control high schools. Results: Analyses confirmed that, from the first year through this past one (2010-11), there was significant health knowledge acquisition and health behavior improvement at post-intervention. Breakfast numbers matched these findings. Also, exit polling that took place at one intervention high school indicated the students attending the breakfast assembly gained knowledge and positively changed attitudes regarding the academic and health benefits of eating a healthy breakfast. Conclusions: This community-school-home initiative using a professional team's celebrity platform is largely overlooked by school districts and should be considered as an effective way to confront childhood obesity. © 2012 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved.","y","Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","Embase","Journal Article","childhood obesity",1,1,2,"School based nutirtion and physical activity programme supported by Memphis professional basketball team",1,"community/school initiatie using a proefssional teams celebrity status",2,0,0,"Memphis",128,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T156,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Memphis"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T156,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaMemphis",1,1,1]
["Perlman, S. E.; Nonas, C.; Lindstrom, L. L.; Choe-Castillo, J.; McKie, H.; Alberti, P. M.",2012,"A Menu for Health: Changes to New York City School Food, 2001 to 2011","Background: The high prevalence of obesity puts children at risk for chronic diseases, increases health care costs, and threatens to reduce life expectancy. As part of the response to this epidemic, the New York City (NYC) Department of Education (DOE)-the nation's largest school district-has worked to improve the appeal and nutritional quality of school food. This article highlights some of the structural and policy changes that have improved the school food environment over the past decade, with the aim to share lessons learned and provide recommendations and resources for other districts interested in making similar modifications. Methods: This article details changes DOE has implemented over 10 years, including revised nutrition standards for school meals and competitive foods; new school food department staffing; food reformulations, substitutions, and additions; and transitions to healthier beverages. Results: NYC's revised nutrition standards and hiring of expert staff increased availability of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy and decreased sugary beverages, and foods high in saturated fats and added sugars-the major contributors to discretionary calorie intake. DOE also introduced healthier beverages: switching from high-calorie, high-fat whole milk to low-fat milk and increasing access to water. Conclusions: NYC has successfully improved the quality of its school food environment and shown that healthier food service is possible, even under budgetary constraints. Several broad factors facilitated these efforts: fostering community partnerships and inter-agency collaboration, implementing policies and initiatives that target multiple sectors for greater impact, and working to make incremental improvements each year. © 2012, American School Health Association.","y","Journal of School Health","Embase","Journal Article","childhood obesity",1,28,2,"structural and policy changes to improve the school food environment over the last 10 years",2,"NYC Dept of Ed with community partnerships and inter-agency collaboration",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T157,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T157,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Chomitz, V. R.; McDonald, J. C.; Aske, D. B.; Arsenault, L. N.; Rioles, N. A.; Brukilacchio, L. B.; Hacker, K. A.; Cabral, H. J.",2012,"Evaluation results from an active living intervention in Somerville, Massachusetts","Background: Community policies and programs can encourage active living and promote physical activity among residents. Somerville MA implemented an Active Living by Design project in 2003-2008 that promoted partnerships and advocacy to encourage physical activity. Purpose: To evaluate the Active Living by Design project implemented in Somerville. Methods: A retrospective design assessed relative differences in the rates of meeting moderate or vigorous physical activity recommendations among middle- and high-school students and adults at baseline and follow-up within Somerville and at follow-up only in Everett MA, a comparison community. The middle- and high-school Youth Risk Behavior Surveys and the adult Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey were supplemented with Active Living by Design evaluation-specific questions at follow-up. Analyses included chi-square and logistic regression modeling to assess relationships. Results: Approximately 1000 youth completed surveys at baseline and follow-up in Somerville and at follow-up in Everett. Similarly, adult residents completed surveys at baseline (n=1081) and follow-up in Somerville (n=644) and follow-up in Everett (n=608). Within Somerville, high school-aged students and adults were more likely to meet physical activity recommendations at follow-up after adjusting for demographic, health, and behavioral variables (OR=1.6 [95% CI=1.34, 1.92] and 2.36 [95% CI=2.29, 2.43], respectively). Between cities, Somerville adults were 1.47 (95% CI=1.37, 1.56) times more likely than Everett adults to meet physical activity recommendations. Conclusions: Community-based active living interventions may help residents meet physical activity recommendations. To improve community health, public health surveillance data can identify predictors of meeting physical activity recommendations that can be used to inform city policy and planning. © 2012 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.","y","American Journal of Preventive Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","increasing active living and physical activity",1,29,2,"partnerships and advocacy to encourage physical activity",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Somerville (Massachusetts)",192,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T158,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Somerville"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T158,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSomerville",1,1,1]
["Kim, K. Y.; Jeon, S. Y.; Jeon, M. J.; Lee, K. H.; Lee, S. G.; Kim, D.; Kang, E.; Bae, S. G.; Kim, J.",2012,"Health impact assessment of free immunization program in Jinju City, Korea","Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the potential health impacts and improve the quality of the free immunization program in Jinju City by maximizing the predicted positive health gains and minimizing the negative health risks. Methods: A steering committee was established in September 2010 to carry out the health impact assessment (HIA) and began the screening and scoping stages. In the appraisal stage, analysis of secondary data, a literature review, case studies, geographic information systems analysis, a questionnaire, and expert consultations were used. The results of the data collection and analyses were discussed during a workshop, after which recommendations were finalized in a written report. Results: Increased access to immunization, comprehensive services provided by physicians, the strengthened role of the public health center in increasing immunization rates and services, and the ripple effect to other neighboring communities were identified as potential positive impacts. On the other hand, the program might be inaccessible to rural regions with no private clinics where there are more at-risk children, vaccine management and quality control at the clinics may be poor, and vaccines may be misused. Recommendations to maximize health gains and minimize risks were separately developed for the public health center and private clinics. Conclusions: The HIA provided an opportunity for stakeholders to comprehensively overview the potential positive and negative impacts of the program before it was implemented. An HIA is a powerful tool that should be used when developing and implementing diverse health-related policies and programs in the community. Copyright © 2012 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine.","y","Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","increasing immunizations",2,42,2,"free immunization program",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Jinju City (Korea)",100,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T159,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Jinju"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T159,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"korea"},"koreaJinju",36,4,1]
["Ulmer, V. M.; Rathert, A. R.; Rose, D.",2012,"Understanding policy enactment: The new orleans fresh food retailer initiative","Background: Healthy-food financing initiatives have been endorsed as a way to improve food access, but relatively little research exists on understanding the formulation of such policies. Purpose: This paper investigates the development of the New Orleans Fresh Food Retailer Initiative (FFRI) to highlight factors that enabled and impeded its enactment. Methods: In 2010 and 2011, semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 key informants with firsthand experience of this case, including representatives from the private sector, nonprofit organizations, and government. A participant-observer approach was used to synthesize these observations with archived written materials and the authors' own observations. Results: Historical disparities in food access in New Orleans were exacerbated by Hurricane Katrina, which also generated neighborhood activism and a pressing need to rebuild the city. A Food Policy Advisory Committee (FPAC) was formed from diverse groups. This paper describes the evolution of FPAC, its deliberations and report to the City Council, and actions to promote a financing initiative, as well as delays encountered in the process. Conclusions: Enactment of the FFRI was facilitated by a window of opportunity that opened in the storm's aftermath, broad-based stakeholder buy-in, the existence of political champions, and policy-relevant information that was simple and convincing. Impediments to success included the constant turnover of city staff, a skeptical state bureaucracy, and the many competing priorities in New Orleans. This study highlights the importance of having a clear policy objective to address a well-defined and illustrated problem, key advocates in diverse organizations, and broad-based support for its implementation. © 2012 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.","y","American Journal of Preventive Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","increase healthy food accesibility",1,28,2,"fresh food retailer initiative",2," ",1,0,2,"New Orleans",145,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T160,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New Orleans"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T160,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew Orleans",1,1,0]
["Truncali, A.; Dumanovsky, T.; Stollman, H.; Angell, S. Y.",2010,"Keep on track: a volunteer-run community-based intervention to lower blood pressure in older adults","Uncontrolled hypertension in older adults is a common yet preventable threat to healthy aging. Improvements in blood pressure (BP) control and related health outcomes require innovative approaches that reach beyond the clinical environment. Keep on Track (KOT), a volunteer-run, community-based BP-monitoring program that aims to lower BP of community-dwelling older adults through senior center programming, is described and evaluated. KOT is based on a New York City (NYC) Department for the Aging program that has been in existence for more than 20 years and is evaluated in six senior centers in low- to middle-income neighborhoods in NYC. Program design includes monitoring sessions every other week to measure and record participant BP. BP education is provided using low-literacy materials, and medication adherence is encouraged. Over 6 months of observation, 244 participants enrolled (mean age 73). Of the 181 (74%) with hypertension at baseline, 92% were previously aware of their condition, 78% were treated, and 31% were controlled. BP control among the treated was 42%. Forty-three percent of enrollees (n=105) were multiple-visit participants who experienced on average a 3.9-mmHg reduction in systolic BP (SBP) between the first and last program visit (95% confidence interval (CI)=-7.6 to -0.1, P=.04). Participants with an initial SBP greater than 160 mmHg (n=20) experienced on average a 20.9-mmHg reduction in SBP (95% CI=-32.4 to -9.4, P<.001). Areas for program improvement include greater attention to peer counseling and timely communication with participants' healthcare providers. Volunteer-run, community-based BP monitoring in senior centers may provide an effective, replicable model for reducing BP in older adults.","y","Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","Embase","Journal Article","high blood pressure in older people",1,4,2,"coomunity based volunteer run blood pressure program",1,"volunteer run community programme supported by the NYC Dept for Aging programme",5,2,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T161,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T161,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Plouffe, L.; Kalache, A.",2010,"Towards global age-friendly cities: determining urban features that promote active aging","At the same time as cities are growing, their share of older residents is increasing. To engage and assist cities to become more \"age-friendly,\" the World Health Organization (WHO) prepared the Global Age-Friendly Cities Guide and a companion \"Checklist of Essential Features of Age-Friendly Cities\". In collaboration with partners in 35 cities from developed and developing countries, WHO determined the features of age-friendly cities in eight domains of urban life: outdoor spaces and buildings; transportation; housing; social participation; respect and social inclusion; civic participation and employment; communication and information; and community support and health services. In 33 cities, partners conducted 158 focus groups with persons aged 60 years and older from lower- and middle-income areas of a locally defined geographic area (n=1,485). Additional focus groups were held in most sites with caregivers of older persons (n=250 caregivers) and with service providers from the public, voluntary, and commercial sectors (n=515). No systematic differences in focus group themes were noted between cities in developed and developing countries, although the positive, age-friendly features were more numerous in cities in developed countries. Physical accessibility, service proximity, security, affordability, and inclusiveness were important characteristics everywhere. Based on the recurring issues, a set of core features of an age-friendly city was identified. The Global Age-Friendly Cities Guide and companion \"Checklist of Essential Features of Age-Friendly Cities\" released by WHO serve as reference for other communities to assess their age readiness and plan change.","y","Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","increasing age friendliness of cities",1,0,2,"initiatives across 8 thematic areas",7,"WHO Age Friendly Cities Programme",10,2,0,"numerous cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T162,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T162,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,8,0]
["Plumer, K. D.; Kennedy, L.; Trojan, A.",2010,"Evaluating the implementation of the WHO Healthy Cities Programme across Germany (1999-2002)","The WHO Healthy Cities Project (1988) is a well-known example of the setting-based approach to health promotion. Developed as a framework for translating the key principles of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986) into practice, it is best characterized as a process for successfully encouraging healthy public policy. In 2001, the German Healthy Cities Network (HCN) commissioned a survey of the 52 local Healthy Cities programme Coordinators (HCC) to monitor progress and identify strengths and weaknesses associated with its implementation. Most (90%; 47/52) HCC participated in the survey. Several positive aspects of the Health Cities Programmes (HCP) in Germany were identified: during the first 5 years, it expanded rapidly; project coordinators felt highly engaged, despite limited resources; a combination of traditional and innovative approaches was adopted and applauded; and almost 75% of HCC felt that their efforts had been beneficial. Nonetheless, the following shortcomings were identified: increased resources required; greater clarification of concepts and strategies at the local level; stronger commitment to the Nine-Point Programme of Action; greater integration within the national HCN and the local political administrative system (PAS); better programme documentation and evaluation. In conclusion, the HCN in Germany has expanded and developed since its inception 20 years ago. German HCP will only improve if professionalism and quality of local work are improved, particularly in terms of strengthening their influence on the local PAS and on public policies.","y","Health promotion international","Embase","Journal Article","improved health",1,0,2,"health promotion (various) (WHO Healthy Cities)",0,"WHO Healhty Cities programme",9,1,0,"German Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T163,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T163,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",28,3,0]
["Aguilar, D. E.; Abesamis-Mendoza, N.; Ursua, R.; Divino, L. A.; Cadag, K.; Gavin, N. P.",2010,"Lessons learned and challenges in building a Filipino health coalition","In recent years, community-based coalitions have become an effective channel to addressing various health problems within specific ethnic communities. The purpose of this article is twofold: (a) to describe the process involved in building the Kalusugan Coalition (KC), a Filipino American health coalition based in New York City, and (b) to highlight the lessons learned and the challenges from this collaborative venture. The challenges described also offer insights on how the coalition development process can be greatly affected by the partnership with an academic institution on a community-based research project. Because each cultural group has unique issues and concerns, the theoretical framework used by KC offers creative alternatives to address some of the challenges regarding coalition infrastructures, leadership development, unexpected change of coalition dynamics, and cultural nuances.","n","Health promotion practice","Embase","Journal Article","improved health",1,0,2,"community coalition to improve health",0,"community based coalition",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T164,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T164,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Thrasher, J. F.; Perez-Hernandez, R.; Swayampakala, K.; Arillo-Santillan, E.; Bottai, M.",2010,"Policy support, norms, and secondhand smoke exposure before and after implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law in Mexico city","OBJECTIVES: We assessed attitudes and beliefs about smoke-free laws, compliance, and secondhand smoke exposure before and after implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law in Mexico City. METHODS: Trends and odds of change in attitudes and beliefs were analyzed across 3 representative surveys of Mexico City inhabitants: before implementation of the policy (n=800), 4 months after implementation (n=961), and 8 months after implementation (n=761). RESULTS: Results indicated high and increasing support for 100% smoke-free policies, although support did not increase for smoke-free bars. Agreement that such policies improved health and reinforced rights was high before policy implementation and increased thereafter. Social unacceptability of smoking increased substantially, although 25% of nonsmokers and 50% of smokers agreed with smokers' rights to smoke in public places at the final survey wave. Secondhand smoke exposure declined generally as well as in venues covered by the law, although compliance was incomplete, especially in bars. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive smoke-free legislation in Mexico City has been relatively successful, with changes in perceptions and behavior consistent with those revealed by studies conducted in high-income countries. Normative changes may prime populations for additional tobacco control interventions.","y","American journal of public health","Embase","Journal Article","reducing smoking",1,7,2,"comprehenisve smoke free law",2,"law",4,0,0,"Mexico City",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T165,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T165,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,2,1]
["Strippel, H.",2010,"Effectiveness of structured comprehensive paediatric oral health education for parents of children less than two years of age in Germany","Objective To examine the effectiveness of expanding and improving oral health education in a clinical setting. Research design Controlled prospective intervention study. Intervention Structured comprehensive oral health education (SC-OHE) supported by written information. was performed by 36 clinicians in all of the 30 specialist paediatric practices in the city and the administrative district of Kassel, central Germany. Participants Parents of all children attending the practices for health examinations. SC-OHE was tested in two intervention groups (IG), one with a mean child age of seven months and another with a mean child age of 24 months. The SC-OHE content was adapted to the respective age groups. Control group (CG) subjects were recruited in a similar region in northern Germany and received conventional oral health education only. This consisted of comparable topics but was less comprehensive than SC-OHE. The two IGs comprised 2,170 children; the two age-matched CGs 2,040. Outcome measures Parental knowledge, attitudes and behaviour relevant to decreasing the risk of early childhood caries (ECC) development. The outcomes were measured by questionnaires sent to the parents. Results The response rate was 88%. On average, control group paediatricians provided 2.1 information items at each child examination whereas the intervention group provided 3.8 items. Parental knowledge increased by 23%. Self-efficacy and attitudes remained unchanged. 41% of 7-month-olds in the CG received baby bottles with cariogenic content during daytime as opposed to 32% in the IG (p<0.001); however, bottle use at night was unchanged. IG parents were less likely to add sugar to pureed baby food of the 7-month-olds. In 24-month-old children, the frequent consumption of cariogenic beverages in the daytime decreased slightly (CG 66%, IG 61%, p<0.001), but five other nutritional behaviours, fluoride use and tooth brushing remained unchanged. Conclusions Primary care providers can be trained to perform SC-OHE that improves parental oral health knowledge. SC-OHE provided by clinicians alone will not be capable of influencing crucial oral health behaviours in such a way that prevents ECC. © BASCD 2010.","y","Community Dental Health","Embase","Journal Article","improving oral health and reducing caries in under 2 year olds",1,27,2,"structured comprehensive paediatric oral health education for parents, provided by clinicians",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Kassel (Germany)",107,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T166,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kassel"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T166,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyKassel",28,3,1]
["Irwin, C. C.; Irwin, R. L.; Miller, M. E.; Somes, G. W.; Richey, P. A.",2010,"Get fit with the grizzlies: A community-school-home initiative to fight childhood obesity","Background: Professional sport organizations in the United States have notable celebrity status, and several teams have used this \" star power\" to collaborate with local school districts toward the goal of affecting children's health. Program effectiveness is unknown due to the absence of comprehensive evaluations for these initiatives. The Memphis Grizzlies, the city's National Basketball Association franchise, launched \" Get Fit with the Grizzlies,\" a 6-week, curricular addition focusing on nutrition and physical activity for the fourth and fifth grades in Memphis City Schools (MCS). The health-infused mini-unit was delivered by physical education teachers during their classes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the \" Get Fit\" program effectiveness.Methods: Survey research was employed which measured health knowledge acquisition and health behavior change using a matched pre/posttest design in randomly chosen schools (n = 11) from all elementary schools in the MCS system (N = 110). The total number of matched pre/posttests (n = 888) equaled approximately 5% of the total fourth-/fifth-grade population. McNemar's test for significance (p < .05) was applied. Odds ratios were calculated for each question.Results: Analyses confirmed that there was significant health knowledge acquisition (7 of 8 questions) with odds ratios confirming moderate to strong associations. Seven out of 10 health behavior change questions significantly improved after intervention, whereas odds ratios indicated a low level of association after intervention.Conclusions: This community-school-home initiative using a professional team's celebrity platform within a certain locale is largely overlooked by school districts and should be considered as a positive strategy to confront childhood obesity. © 2010, American School Health Association.","y","Journal of School Health","Embase","Journal Article","childhood obesity",1,1,2,"6 week curricular for 4th and 5th grade students on nutrition and physical activity that is support by local professional basketball team",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Memphis",128,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T167,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Memphis"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T167,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaMemphis",1,1,1]
["Chomitz, V. R.; McGowan, R. J.; Wendel, J. M.; Williams, S. A.; Cabral, H. J.; King, S. E.; Olcott, D. B.; Cappello, M.; Breen, S.; Hacker, K. A.",2010,"Healthy living cambridge kids: A community-based participatory effort to promote healthy weight and fitness","The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a community-based healthy weight intervention on child weight and fitness. Cambridge Public Schools (CPS) have monitored BMI and fitness annually since 2000. Annual increases of overweight and obesity from 2000 (37.0%) to 2004 (39.1%), triggered a multidisciplinary team of researchers, educators, health care, and public health professionals to mobilize environmental and policy interventions. Guided by the social-ecological model and community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles, the team developed and implemented Healthy Living Cambridge Kids (HLCK), a multicomponent intervention targeting community, school, family, and individuals. The intervention included city policies and community awareness campaigns; physical education (PE) enhancements, food service reforms, farm-to-school-to-home programs; and family outreach and BMI and fitness reports. Baseline (2004) to follow-up (2007) evaluation design assessed change in childrens weight and fitness status. A cohort of 1,858 K-5th grade children participated: 37.3% black, 14.0% Hispanic, 37.1% white, 10.2% Asian, 1.7% other race; 43.3% were lower income. BMI z-score (0.67-0.63 P < 0.001) and proportion obese (20.2-18.0% P < 0.05) decreased, and mean number of fitness tests (0-5) passed increased (3.7-3.9 P < 0.001). Whereas black and Hispanic children were more likely to be obese at baseline (27.0 and 28.5%, respectively) compared with white (12.6%) and Asian (14.3%) children, obesity among all race/ethnicity groups declined. Concurrent with a 3-year community intervention, modest improvements in obesity and fitness were observed among CPS children from baseline to follow-up. The CBPR approach facilitated sustaining policies and program elements postintervention in this diverse community. © 2010 The Obesity Society.","y","Obesity","Embase","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"multicomponent intervention targeting community, school, family and the indivdiual.  ",7,"not stated",0,0,0,"Cambridge (MA) (USA)",37,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T168,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Cambridge"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T168,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCambridge",1,1,2]
["Anonymous",2010,"Effects of switching from whole to low-fat/fat-free milk in public schools - New York city, 2004-2009","In 2005, the New York City (NYC) Department of Education (DOE) began reviewing its public school food policies to determine whether changes could help address the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in NYC. DOE determined that reducing consumption of whole milk and increasing consumption of fat-free or low-fat milk could help decrease students' fat and calorie intake while maintaining calcium consumption. However, milk industry advocates and others expressed concern that phasing out whole milk might decrease overall student demand for milk. Nevertheless, during 2005-2006, DOE removed whole milk from cafeterias in all public schools serving the city's approximately 1.1 million schoolchildren. To assess the effects of the switch on milk consumption, the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) analyzed system-wide school milk purchasing data. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that DOE school milk purchases per student per year increased 1.3% in fiscal year 2009 compared with 2004 purchases. By removing whole milk and switching from low-fat to fat-free chocolate milk, NYC public school milk-drinking students were served an estimated 5,960 fewer calories and 619 fewer grams of fat in 2009 than they were in 2004. Other school systems can use these results to guide changes to their own school food policies.","y","Mmwr","Embase","Journal Article","childhood obesity",1,1,2,"switched from whole to low fat milk in public schools",1,"deparment of education policy",5,1,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T169,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T169,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Baynouna, L. M.; Shamsan, A. I.; Ali, T. A.; Al Mukini, L. A.; Al Kuwiti, M. H.; Al Ameri, T. A.; Nagelkerke, N. J.; Abusamak, A. M.; Ahmed, N. M.; Al Deen, S. M.; Jaber, T. M.; Elkhalid, A. M.; Revel, A. D.; Al Husaini, A. I.; Nour, F. A.; Ahmad, H. O.; Nazirudeen, M. K.; Al Dhahiri, R.; Al Abdeen, Y. O.; Omar, A. O.",2010,"A successful chronic care program in Al Ain-United Arab Emirates","The cost effective provision of quality care for chronic diseases is a major challenge for health care systems. We describe a project to improve the care of patients with the highly prevalent disorders of diabetes and hypertension, conducted in one of the major cities of the United Arab Emirates. SETTINGS AND METHODS: The project, using the principles of quality assurance cycles, was conducted in 4 stages.The assessment stage consisted of a community survey and an audit of the health care system, with particular emphasis on chronic disease care. The information gleaned from this stage provided feedback to the staff of participating health centers. In the second stage, deficiencies in health care were identified and interventions were developed for improvements, including topics for continuing professional development.In the third stage, these strategies were piloted in a single health centre for one year and the outcomes evaluated. In the still ongoing fourth stage, the project was rolled out to all the health centers in the area, with continuing evaluation. The intervention consisted of changes to establish a structured care model based on the predicted needs of this group of patients utilizing dedicated chronic disease clinics inside the existing primary health care system. These clinics incorporated decision-making tools, including evidence-based guidelines, patient education and ongoing professional education. The intervention was successfully implemented in all the health centers. The health care quality indicators that showed the greatest improvement were the documentation of patient history (e.g. smoking status and physical activity); improvement in recording physical signs (e.g. body mass index (BMI)); and an improvement in the requesting of appropriate investigations, such as HbA1c and microalbuminurea. There was also improvement in those parameters reflecting outcomes of care, which included HbA1c, blood pressure and lipid profiles. Indicators related to lifestyle changes, such as smoking cessation and BMI, failed to improve. Chronic disease care is a joint commitment by health care providers and patients. This combined approach proved successful in most areas of the project, but the area of patient self management requires further improvement.","y","BMC health services research","Embase","Journal Article","healthcare services for those requiring chronic care",2,9,2,"chronic care programme and service reform",3,"project, using prinicples of quality assurane cylces",3,0,0,"Mayor city of United Arab Emirates (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T170,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T170,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",58,4,3]
["Lurio, J.; Morrison, F. P.; Pichardo, M.; Berg, R.; Buck, M. D.; Wu, W.; Kitson, K.; Mostashari, F.; Calman, N.",2010,"Using electronic health record alerts to provide public health situational awareness to clinicians","Alerting providers to public health situations requires timeliness and context-relevance, both lacking in current systems. Incorporating decision support tools into electronic health records may provide a way to deploy public health alerts to clinicians at the point of care. A timely process for responding to Health Alert Network messages sent by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene was developed by a network of community health centers. Alerts with order sets and recommended actions were created to notify primary care providers of local disease outbreaks. The process, effect, and lessons learned from alerts for Legionella, toxogenic E coli, and measles outbreaks are described. Electronic alerts have the potential to improve management of diseases during an outbreak, including appropriate laboratory testing, management guidance, and diagnostic assistance as well as to enhance bidirectional data exchange between clinical and public health organizations.","y","Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","Embase","Journal Article","improved management and control of local disease outbreaks (leglegionella, measles etc)",2,6,1,"Electronic alerts of community centres and primary care providers of local disease outbreaks",4,"DoHMH and community centres ",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T171,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T171,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Collins, P. A.; Hayes, M. V.",2010,"The role of urban municipal governments in reducing health inequities: A meta-narrative mapping analysis","Background. The 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion coincided with a preponderance of research, worldwide, on the social determinants of health and health inequities. Despite the establishment of a 'health inequities knowledge base', the precise roles for municipal governments in reducing health inequities at the local level remain poorly defined. The objective of this study was to monitor thematic trends in this knowledge base over time, and to track scholarly prescriptions for municipal government intervention on local health inequities. Methods. Using meta-narrative mapping, four bodies of scholarly literature - 'health promotion', 'Healthy Cities', 'population health' and 'urban health' - that have made substantial contributions to the health inequities knowledge base were analyzed over the 1986-2006 timeframe. Article abstracts were retrieved from the four literature bodies using three electronic databases (PubMed, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science), and coded for bibliographic characteristics, article themes and determinants of health profiles, and prescriptions for municipal government interventions on health inequities. Results. 1004 journal abstracts pertaining to health inequities were analyzed. The overall quantity of abstracts increased considerably over the 20 year timeframe, and emerged primarily from the 'health promotion' and 'population health' literatures. 'Healthy lifestyles' and 'healthcare' were the most commonly emphasized themes in the abstracts. Only 17% of the abstracts articulated prescriptions for municipal government interventions on local health inequities. Such interventions included public health campaigns, partnering with other governments and non-governmental organizations for health interventions, and delivering effectively on existing responsibilities to improve health outcomes and reduce inequities. Abstracts originating from Europe, and from the 'Healthy Cities' and 'urban health' literatures, were most vocal regarding potential avenues for municipal government involvement on health inequities. Conclusions. This study has demonstrated a pervasiveness of 'behavioural' and 'biomedical' perspectives, and a lack of consideration afforded to the roles and responsibilities of municipal governments, among the health inequities scholarly community. Thus, despite considerable research activity over the past two decades, the 'health inequities knowledge base' inadequately reflects the complex aetiology of, and solutions to, population health inequities. © 2010 Collins and Hayes; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.","y","International Journal for Equity in Health","Embase","Journal Article","reducing health inequalities",1,3,2,"municipal government interventions to improve health",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"mutliple - not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T172,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T172,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Davey, R.; Cochrane, T.; Iqbal, Z.; Rajaratnam, G.; Chambers, R.; Mawby, Y.; Picariello, L.; Leese, C.; Ryder, N.",2010,"Randomised controlled trial of additional lifestyle support for the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk through primary care in Stoke-on-Trent, UK","The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of providing additional support in modifying lifestyles and in reducing population cardiovascular disease risk compared with usual primary prevention care. A prospective, individually randomised controlled trial design is used, within which groups of patients are clustered by general practice. Multi-level modelling is proposed to account for clustering effects by practice and a two-stage least squares regression approach to account for expected contamination at the analysis stage. The research is set in Stoke-on-Trent, a mid-sized urban city in central England with a generally poor health profile. Patients included will be those aged between 35 and 74 years who have been identified as being at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Approximately 920 patients will be recruited in each arm of the trial (20 control, 20 treatment in each of 46 practices). Usual primary prevention care (control) will be compared with usual primary prevention care plus bespoke lifestyle support (treatment). The primary outcome measure is the Framingham 10-year cardiovascular disease risk at one year. Intermediate outcomes: weight, physical activity and health-related quality of life, will be determined at six months to monitor progress with treatment. Change in individual risk factors: blood pressure, lipid profile, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking, diabetes and cardiovascular disease status and medications will also be measured at one year to help understand the specific mechanisms by which the primary endpoint was achieved. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","y","Contemporary Clinical Trials","Embase","Journal Article","reducing cardiovascular disease",2,26,2,"lifestyle support",1,"additional primary care lifestyle support",0,0,0,"Stoke on Trent (England)",206,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T173,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Stoke-on-Trent"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T173,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandStoke-on-Trent",3,3,0]
["Gozum, S.; Karayurt, O.; Kav, S.; Platin, N.",2010,"Effectiveness of peer education for breast cancer screening and health beliefs in Eastern Turkey","Background: The primary site of cancer in Turkish women is breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer is increasing in Turkey. Objective: The aim of the research was to educate women 40 years and older to increase their awareness on early detection and diagnosis, to facilitate the use of the early diagnosis methods, to improve the women's beliefs in relation breast cancer, and to increase the use of Cancer Early Diagnosis and Screening Centers available in the city. Methods: The target population of the research was 5000 women. Forty selected women were educated as peer educators. Twenty-five of them were selected as principal peer educator. Each peer educator was expected to educate 200 women. Peer trainers educated their peer and also arranged for the mammography appointment of the women who decided to have theirs taken. Data were obtained before and after the training by Champion's Health Belief Model Scale, questionnaire forms, and Cancer Early Diagnosis and Screening Centers data for mammography practice. Results: Breast cancer was detected in 8 women. Statistical analyses showed positive changes in women's health beliefs and breast self-examination knowledge. There were 20.4% of women (n = 1040) who did get mammograms, and 8% (n = 8) of women were found to have cancer in all of those screened. Conclusion: Peer education was found to be effective for increasing the knowledge, beliefs, and practice of women related to breast cancer. Implications for practice: Peers can reinforce learning through ongoing contact. Peer education can be used to improve early diagnosis of breast cancer and breast cancer awareness in asymptomatic women. © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.","y","Cancer Nursing","Embase","Journal Article","increasing breast screening, womens awareness and early diagnosis",1,12,2,"peer education",1,"Peer educators were educated and then taskd with educating 200 women each.",0,0,0,"City in Eastern Turkey (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T174,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T174,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",57,3,1]
["Su, M.; Fath, B. D.; Yang, Z.",2010,"Urban ecosystem health assessment: A review","Due to the important role of cities for regional, national, and international economic development and the concurrent degradation of the urban environmental quality under rapid urbanization, a systematic diagnosis of urban ecosystem health for sustainable ecological management is urgently needed. This paper reviews the related research on urban ecosystem health assessment, beginning from the inception of urban ecosystem health concerns propelled by the development needs of urban ecosystems and the advances in ecosystem health research. Concepts, standards, indicators, models, and case studies are introduced and discussed. Urban ecosystem health considers the integration of ecological, economic, social and human health factors, and as such it is a value-driven concept which is strongly influenced by human perceptions. There is not an absolute urban ecosystem standard because of the uncertainty caused by the changing human needs, targets, and expectation of urban ecosystem over time; thus, suitable approaches are still needed to establish health standards of urban ecosystems. Several conceptual models and suitable indicator frameworks have been proposed to organize the multiple factors to represent comprehensively the health characteristics of an urban ecosystem, while certain mathematical methods have been applied to deal with the indicator information to get a clear assessment of the urban ecosystem health status. Instead of perceiving the urban ecosystem assessment as an instantaneous measurement of the health state, it is suggested to conceptualize the urban ecosystem health as a process, which impels us to focus more studies on the dynamic trends of health status and projecting possible development scenarios. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.","y","Science of the Total Environment","Embase","Journal Article","improved health",1,0,2,"review of urban ecosystem",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T175,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T175,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Williams, D.; Portnoy, J. M.; Meyerson, K.",2010,"Strategies for improving asthma outcomes: A case-based review of successes and pitfalls","Several comprehensive community-based asthma management programs have been developed in recent years. Their central goal is to provide access to quality asthma care to achieve successful long-term disease management. The Kansas City Children's Asthma Management Program (KC CAMP) and the Asthma Network of West Michigan (ANWM) share many of the same objectives, which include educating patients, families, the community, and health care providers about asthma care, advocating on behalf of those who need care, and allocating resources to provide care. Education to promote behavioral changes in health care providers enrolled In KC CAMP was achieved through didactic sessions and was considered successful; provider and staff satisfaction increased, as did compliance with treatment guidelines. ANWM seeks to promote prevention rather than crisis care by providing home visits, physician care conferences to generate asthma management plans, and social workers to address psychosocial barriers to care. Funding from multiple resources is essential for maintaining the programs. In addition, staff work with corporate sponsors, governmental agencies, and individual donors to ensure the programs' success. The benefits of KC-CAMP and ANWM are evident with data showing dramatic declines in emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and overall health care costs for asthma care. Copyright © 2010, Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy. All rights reserved.","y","Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy","Embase","Journal Article","improving asthma outcomes",2,5,2,"programme of education and advocate",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Kansas",101,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T176,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kansas City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T176,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaKansas City",1,1,1]
["De Silva-Sanigorski, A. M.; Bell, A. C.; Kremer, P.; Nichols, M.; Crellin, M.; Smith, M.; Sharp, S.; De Groot, F.; Carpenter, L.; Boak, R.; Robertson, N.; Swinburn, B. A.",2010,"Reducing obesity in early childhood: Results from Romp & Chomp, an Australian community-wide intervention program","Background: There is growing evidence that community-based interventions can reduce childhood obesity in older children. Objective: We aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Romp & Chomp intervention in reducing obesity and promoting healthy eating and active play in children aged 0-5 y. Design: Romp & Chomp was a community-wide, multisetting, multistrategy intervention conducted in Australia from 2004 to 2008. The intervention occurred in a large regional city (Geelong) with a target group of 12,000 children and focused on community capacity building and environmental (political, sociocultural, and physical) changes to increase healthy eating and active play in early-childhood care and educational settings. The evaluation was repeat cross-sectional with a quasiexperimental design and comparison sample. Main outcome measures were body mass index (BMI), standardized BMI (zBMI; according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 reference charts), and prevalence of overweight/obesity and obesity-related behaviors in children aged 2 and 3.5 y. Results: After the intervention there was a significantly lower mean weight, BMI, and zBMI in the 3.5-y-old subsample and a significantly lower prevalence of overweight/obesity in both the 2- and 3.5-y-old subsamples (by 2.5 and 3.4 percentage points, respectively) than in the comparison sample (a difference of 0.7 percentage points; P < 0.05) compared with baseline values. Intervention child-behavioral data showed a significantly lower intake of packaged snacks (by 0.23 serving), fruit juice (0.52 serving), and cordial (0.43 serving) than that in the comparison sample (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: A community-wide multisetting, multistrategy intervention in early-childhood settings can reduce childhood obesity and improve young children's diets. This trial was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry at anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12607000374460. © 2010 American Society for Nutrition.","y","American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","Embase","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"community wide, multi-setting, multi-strategy",7,"not stated",0,0,0,"Geelong (Australia)",75,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T177,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Geelong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T177,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},"AustraliaGeelong",9,5,2]
["Rabiei, K.; Kelishadi, R.; Sarrafzadegan, N.; Sadri, G.; Amani, A.",2010,"Short-term results of community-based interventions for improving physical activity: Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme","Introduction: To assess the effect of a comprehensive community-based programme for increasing physical activity (PA) after 2 years of interventions. Material and methods: A 6-year, action-oriented, comprehensive, and integrated community-based study, entitled the Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme, was conducted in Iran from the year 2000. The interventions targeted the whole population of nearly 2,180,000 living in two cities, and were compared with another city considered as a reference. Educational, environmental and legislative interventions were conducted at the community level. Annual evaluations were performed among 6,000 representative individuals. This paper presents the changes in PA habits after 2 years of interventions for increasing PA. The PA habits were assessed by using the Baecke questionnaire, and an energy expenditure of 150 kcal for daily leisure time physical activity was adopted as a cut-off for defining active and inactive lifestyle. Results: In the intervention and reference areas, respectively 85 and 83% of the population were physically inactive. From 2000 to 2002, the daily PA among both genders decreased in both intervention and reference communities. Meanwhile, the leisure-time PA increased significantly in the intervention area, but decreased in the reference area. The transportation PA did not significantly change in the intervention area, but showed a remarkable decline in the reference area. Conclusions: We suggest that the synergism resulting from community collaborations has been effective in improving some aspects of PA in our community. The ongoing changes in environmental factors and policies can help in increasing the worksite and transportation PA in later stages of this community-based programme. Copyright © 2010 Termedia & Banach.","y","Archives of Medical Science","Embase","Journal Article","improving physcial activity",1,29,2,"comprehensive community based programme",7,"not stated",0,0,0,"Isfahan  (Iran)",99,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T178,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Isfahan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T178,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"iran"},"iranIsfahan",33,4,1]
["Beck, S. A.; Hanlon, P. W.; Tannahill, C. E.; Crawford, F. A.; Ogilvie, R. M.; Kearns, A. J.",2010,"How will area regeneration impact on health? Learning from the GoWell study","Objectives: To establish the theoretical and perceived links between area regeneration and health in a Scottish context in order to inform a comprehensive evaluation of regeneration activity. The evaluation will include health outcomes. Study design: Mixed method combining and comparing key informant interviews with policy analysis. Methods: Analysis of identified links between elements of regeneration activity and health was undertaken of published policies and strategies which described regeneration for Scotland and the city of Glasgow. Interviews with key informants explored their understanding of the inputs to regeneration, and the pathways between regeneration and better health outcomes. Results: The policy analysis and interviews revealed a holistic approach to a complex problem. Both identified a need for action to improve housing, neighbourhoods and services, education, employment, community participation and social issues. Improved health was identified as an emergent property. Interviewees identified a need to augment the established structural components with a more person-centred approach, fostering confidence and higher aspirations, but were uncertain how to achieve this. The interviews revealed a lack of confidence that current practice would deliver all the components of the holistic model. Conclusions: A holistic model of regeneration appears to inform policy, but is proving difficult to deliver. Improved health and reduced health inequalities were not primary objectives but emergent properties. In light of this, the ability of regeneration to actively maximize positive health impacts, particularly if this requires focused planning or opportunity costs to other activities, is questioned. © 2010 The Royal Society for Public Health.","y","Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","regeneration ",1,3,2,"regeneration 'GO Well'",2,"regeneration",8,0,0,"Glasgow (Scotland)",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T179,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T179,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",50,3,0]
["Czarnecki, K. D.; Goranson, C.; Ellis, J. A.; Vichinsky, L. E.; Coady, M. H.; Perl, S. B.",2010,"Using geographic information system analyses to monitor large-scale distribution of nicotine replacement therapy in New York City","Objective: Since 2003, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene has distributed nicotine replacement therapy nicotine replacement therapy to adult smokers through annual large-scale distribution programs. Methods: In 2008, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene formally integrated geographic information system analyses to track program enrollment, map the geographic density of enrollees, and assess the effects of outreach strategies. Results: Geographic information system analyses provided a unique, near real-time visual method of assessing participation patterns as well as the impact of media and outreach strategies. Among neighborhoods with high smoking prevalence, lower income neighborhoods had higher enrollment compared to higher income neighborhoods. Mapping before and after a press release demonstrated that program interest increased over 700% in one area. Conclusion: Although geographic information system analysis is traditionally utilized for large-scale infectious disease surveillance, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene used GIS to inform and improve an annual large-scale smoking cessation program. These analyses provide unique feedback that can aid public health program planners in improving efficiency and efficacy of service delivery. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.","y","Preventive Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","reducing smoking",1,7,2,"annual large-scale distribution of nicotine replacement therapy",3,"DoH&MH programme",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T180,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T180,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Tran, A. D.",2010,"Addressing eating habits through food label education in Stevenson, WA","Purpose of Study: Stevenson is a small rural city of roughly 1,200. The Rock Creek Community Clinic in Stevenson sees a large number of obese, hypertensive, and diabetic patients require restricted caloric and nutrition intake. The purpose of this project is to increase understanding and usage of food labels to encourage healthy eating habits to prevent or mitigate obesity and its associated health risks. Methods Used: A community discussions with healthcare providers, the emergency medical services coordinator, the high school principal, and the county sheriff was conducted along with clinical observations. Obesity and its associated health conditions were chosen as the target to address. A literature review was conducted to confirm a correlation with food label education and healthier diet. A&J Select Market grocery store was selected as the location for a nutrition and food label education booth on the weekends to facilitate interaction with the local community while they shop. Brochures on how to read food labels were made and disseminated. Demonstrations were done to illustrate how many teaspoons of sugar were in common food items. Food props from the grocery store were used as examples in educating the community to choose healthy food options. Summary of Results: The community members were supportive of the project. The project reached around 100 people. The local population was receptive and interested. An electronic copy of the brochure was left with the Rock Creek Clinic for future reproduction. Conclusions: The project reminded people the tools and discretion they hold to eating healthy. After completing the project, it appears that healthy people were drawn to the booth and its information while people who didn't make healthy diet a priority were not interested. Therefore the target population was probably not adequately reached. It is difficult to measure the effectiveness of the booth, brochures, and demonstrations but approximately 8% of the population was exposed to the message. To significantly influence the obesity trends in Stevenson, people will need to be exposed to healthier food options. Cooking classes and cooking demonstrations throughout the year to encourage new recipes could gradually change the daily menu in the households of Stevenson to healthier options.","y","Journal of Investigative Medicine",null,"Journal Article","diet",1,1,2,"food labeling education to encourage healthy eating",1,"community campaign including brochures, education booth in a grocery store.",2,0,0,"Stevenson",207,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T181,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Stevenson"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T181,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaStevenson",1,1,1]
["Wood, H. E.; Bremner, S.; Dundas, I.; Garg, N.; Grigg, J.; Hanifa, Y.; Kalsi, H.; Kelly, F.; Lee, T.; Mudway, I.; Nanzer, A.; Round, T.; Sheikh, A.; Tuaf-Toro, G.; Walton, R.; Griffiths, C.",2010,"A cross-sectional analysis of children's respiratory health in london following the introduction of the low emission zone","Rationale: Chronic exposure to traffic emissions is harmful to lung development and function. The London Low Emission Zone (LEZ), introduced in February 2008, was designed to reduce PM<inf>10</inf> concentrations by restricting the entry of the most heavily polluting diesel vehicles into the city. The creation of this zone (2,644 km2, population 8 million) provides a unique opportunity to investigate the potential health dividend of a comprehensive traffic-management scheme. Methods: To quantify the benefits of the LEZ, a new cross-sectional sample of children aged 8-9 years will be studied each winter over a 4-year period (2008-2011). The study is based in the London boroughs of Hackney and Tower Hamlets, as the modelled impacts of the LEZ have been predicted to be greatest in these areas, and detailed air pollution and traffic monitoring has been put in place to assess improvements in air quality. To permit yearly analysis of the relationship between traffic and respiratory health, the schools have been selected to provide contrasts in annual NOx and PM<inf>10</inf> exposures. During school visits, children perform spirometry and exhaled NO measurement, and provide a urine sample for the assessment of exposure biomarkers. Parents also complete a questionnaire concerning symptoms of asthma, rhinitis and eczema. Results: 200 children from 10 schools participated in year one of the study. of these, spirometry was obtained from 156 pre- and 144 post-bronchodilator. Across all schools, predicted FEV<inf>1</inf> was 92.4+/-11.7%, with 10% having less than 80% of predicted values. Both FEV<inf>1</inf> and exhaled NO varied significantly by school (P<0.01, Kruskal-Wallis Test), although the two parameters were not statistically associated. 130 children returned a completed questionnaire. of these, 15% reported wheezing, 28% a runny nose in the absence of cold/flu, and 22% an itchy rash in the last 12 months. 27% of those reporting wheeze in the last 12 months had a significant bronchodilator response (increase of >9% in FEV<inf>1</inf>), compared with only 9% of those who did not report wheeze. Conclusions: These data demonstrate location (school)-dependent contrasts in lung function and exhaled NO in children living in inner London during the first year of the LEZ. There was also evidence that asthma may be under-diagnosed or poorly controlled in this cohort of children. The basis for the measured variations in these parameters within each study year, as well as over the full study period, will subsequently be investigated using modelled pollutant exposures based on school and residential address.","y","American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. Conference: American Thoracic Society International Conference, ATS","Embase","Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"Low emission zone",2,"policy",1,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T182,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T182,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,1]
["Farley, T. A.",2010,"Policy and environmental approaches to cancer prevention: The New York City experience","Much of the focus on cancer prevention has been on early detection and treatment, but much of the actual progress in reducing cancer mortality has resulted from primary prevention of unhealthy behaviors. Tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity are responsible for a large proportion of cancers in the United States. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene takes a population-based approach to cancer control, focusing on promoting healthy behaviors by changing the social and built environment. This session will present examples of New York City's environmental approaches to cancer control and data on their effectiveness in a large, diverse urban population. The presenter will discuss the city's use of legislation and counter-advertising to reduce the number of adult and youth smokers, and will describe initiatives to decrease consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and encourage physical activity. Based on New York City's experience, public health agencies should expect industry opposition to initiatives that may have an impact on consumer behavior. To succeed, cancer prevention programs based on social and environmental change require involvement of state and local governments and benefit from strong public-private partnerships. Researchers interested in cancer prevention should conduct studies of the impact of policies and other population-based approaches to modifying behaviors that increase the risk of cancers. Learning objectives: 1. Identify two environmental approaches to tobacco control. 2. Describe population-based methods to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and increase physical activity. 3. Describe research questions relevant to policy approaches to primary prevention of cancer.","y","Cancer Prevention Research. Conference: AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research Philadelphia, PA United States. Conference Start","Embase","Journal Article","cancer prevention",1,22,2,"changing the social and built environment",7,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T183,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T183,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Alberts, M. J.; Prabhakaran, S.",2010,"Design and implementation of a new triage model for acute stroke patients in Chicago","Background: Prior data suggest that most acute stroke patients in Chicago are not taken to a Primary Stroke Center (PSC) and few receive thrombolytic therapy. We attempted to address this by forming a multidisciplinary group called CAST (Chicago Area Stroke Taskforce) to spearhead efforts to improve acute stroke care. Methods/Results: The CAST group consists of healthcare professionals (neurologists, emergency medicine, nurses, others), and representatives from hospital administration, emergency medical services (EMS), government agencies, and non-profit organizations. CAST has met every few months to gain consensus for a city-wide triage program and to implement such a system. In 2009, the State of Illinois passed a law that mandated transportation of acute stroke patients to the nearest PSC or Emergent Stroke Ready Hospital. There are now 16 PSCs in Chicago, and most citizens reside within 20 minutes of a PSC. CAST designed criteria for EMS personnel to use in the field to decide which patients should be preferentially triaged to a PSC; these include symptom onset within 6 hours, abnormal Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale, and transport time < 20 minutes. Additional optional criteria include markedly elevated blood pressure and an abnormal Glasgow Coma Score (to capture patients with cerebral hemorrhage). EMS education and data collection are also included. We anticipate that approximately 1500 patients each year will be preferentially triaged to PSCs (4.5 patients per day citywide) in Chicago. Conclusions: The multidisciplinary CAST group, combined with a new state law, has initiated an organized stroke system of care for Chicago. Using pre-hospital criteria, eligible acute stroke patients will be preferentially transported to the nearest PSC with the anticipation of improved care and outcomes.","y","Cerebrovascular Diseases","Embase","Journal Article","stroke treatment (health services)",2,19,2,"citywide triage model",3,"multidisciplinary group in city then state-wide law",2,4,0,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T184,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T184,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",1,1,0]
["Thibault, H.; Boulard, S.; Carriere, C.; Ruello, M.; Atchoarena, S.; Delmas, C.; Baratchart, B. A.; Tison, S. M.",2010,"Prevention and treatment of childhood obesity in the Aquitaine region (France)","The French National Programme on Nutrition and Health (PNNS) was initiated by the Ministry of Health for the period 2001-2005 then extended to 2010. The PNNS is a nutrition policy whose objective is to improve the health status of the population by acting on one of its major determinants, nutrition (1). The programme combines synergistic, complementary and consistent actions, measures, regulations and laws. One of Its main objectives is to stop the increase of the prevalence of childhood obesity. In order to mobilize local authorities, a charter was developed for participating cities who committed to implementing specific PNNS actions at the local level. Volunteer cities were given strategies on how to develop community nutrition and health projects that correspond to the PNNS objectives In the Aquitaine region (southwest part of France), a regional program \"Nutrition, Prevention and Health of Children and Adolescents in Aquitaine\" has been implemented since 2004 and managed by public healthcare insurance organisms, with local authorities of ministry of health, education and sport, local territorial authorities, public health and school professionals (2,3). Objectives Objectives of this program are to improve dietary behaviour by promoting healthy food consumption (particularly fruits and vegetables) and physical activity and consequently to contribute to stabilize childhood overweight prevalence. Its targets are children aged 3 to 18 and their familial, medical and educational environments. Special attention is given to high-risk groups such as those with lower socioeconomic status. Implementation Various public health actions were therefore implemented to improve dietary habits and physical activity during childhood. 1. Improvement of availability of healthy food at school, and at leisure time structures. 2. Implementation of health promotion activities in the fields of nutrition and physical activity for children and families, training sessions for health and education professionals. 3. Early screening, prevention and management of obesity during childhood by mobilization of health professionals (school doctors and nurses) all over the Aquitaine region. Clinical guidance is used for screening the children and treating those who are already overweighed. In addition, training sessions areprovided to health professionals. Every year, school doctors and nurses screen children measuring height and weight, calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) and refer overweight children to their doctor for medical care and follow-up. Detected overweight and obese children and families receive advice about diet and physical activity. They are proposed to invited to have their weight monitored and they are referred to their doctor for medical care and follow up. When available, they are invited to join a specific network of services (REPOP of Aquitaine) including various local health professionals (doctors, dietitians, psychologists and sports educators) who received specific training from and follow the guidelines of PNNS. Children and their families agree personalized objectives designed to improve dietary intake and behaviour, increase physical activity and decrease sedentary pursuits for the over the following two years. Partners The implementation of this program is managed by a public healthcare insurance body working at the regional level, in collaboration with local authorities and the ministries of health, education and sport. An intersectoral (4) committee has been established including experts, public health professionals (doctors, nurses, health educators), non governmental organisations of health promotion and local territorial authorities of the \"PNNS cities of the Aquitaine region. Communication To achieve mobilization and synergy across different sectors, a variety of tools have been created including a web site: www.nutritionenfantaquitaine.fr, and guidelines for healthy eating and physical activity which target families and all the professionals working with the children and teenagers. Evaluation Before implementing t e program, studies were conducted in order to guide the different actions and provide baseline data for the evaluation of behavioural changes and their impact on obesity prevalence: - Food intakes organized at school for young children under 6 years old - Weight and food intakes of children aged 5 to 6 and 7 to 9 - Weight, physical activity and food intakes in middle and high schools (5) - Food supply in middle and high schools In order to evaluate the impact of the interventions on dietary habits, lifestyle and behaviour and on overweight and obesity prevalence, several post-evaluation surveys have been undertaken.","y","International Journal of Pediatric Obesity","Embase","Journal Article","childhood obesity",1,1,2,"various initiatives",0,"national  policy / programme that was adopted (voluntarily) by cities",1,2,0,"cities in soutwest France (not specified)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T185,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T185,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",27,3,0]
["Laraque, F.; Weglein, D.; Santella, A.; Mavronicolas, H.; Cohen, L.; Sweeney, M.",2010,"Development of a comprehensive HIV care coordination program in New York city","Approximately 60 000 HIV-infected New York City residents receive medical care in the city in a given year. Of new diagnoses, approximately 25% enter care late and almost half do not receive the minimum standard of one HIV primary care visit every 6 months. Many individuals do not benefit from antiretroviral treatment because of difficulties navigating the health care system, keeping appointments, and maintaining medication adherence. Program Description: The NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene will use Ryan White funding to implement an evidence-based medical case management program to improve access to care and health outcomes. Surveillance and provider data were used to strategically plan programs where they are most needed. Extensive literature review, discussions with clinical and health services providers, and visits to selected local health departments led to a comprehensive care coordination protocol. The intervention uses outreach for return to care, health system navigation, accompaniment, coaching, health promotion, a structured curriculum, facilitated linkage to social support services, and partnership and information exchange between care coordination and HIV primary care providers. A two-week training and technical assistance will be provided to those funded. Lessons Learned: Support from the community was challenging as the program represents a major shift from existing service delivery. Many providers initially received the idea of change with apprehension. More than a decade after the advent of potent therapeutic regimens with the attendant profound declines in mortality and evidence that many HIV-infected persons are not getting the full benefit of new treatments - there remains striking opposition to the idea of public health agencies setting goals and standards for HIV care coordination. Recommendations: Health departments must play a strategic role in implementing evidence-based interventions in care and treatment programs. Buy-in from HIV providers, technical assistance, and program monitoring are essential to the success of these programs.","y","Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care","Embase","Journal Article","improving HIV care (healthcare)",2,2,1,"case management programme to improve access to healthcare",3,"DoH&MH",5,8,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T186,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T186,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Piva, S.; Mantica, C.; La Verde, N.; Bramati, A.; Mora, M.; Causarano, I.; Lacaita, G.; Piazza, E.; Martini, C.; Farina, G.",2010,"A new organizational model in the city of milan has improved the best setting of care for terminal patients","Introduction: A priority in the palliative care of terminal cancer patients is to offer the best treatment in the most suitable setting at the right time. This could either be homebased care or a hospice according to the specific needs of the patient and to the level offamily support available. A long waiting list can be a serious problem for the terminal patient and family. In order to enable that the most critical patients gain access to a hospice at the right time, a new hospice network with a shared and transparent waiting list and priority criteria was developed in the city of Milan. Methods: The project began from a census of the hospices in Milan. A common waiting list was created and the patient and family gain access to it through an interview with the case manager in an oncology unit or through their general care practitioner. Each patient is given a score based on the clinical and social setting and in accordance with shared priority criteria based on burden of assistance. A score was given for each variable. A specific software was developed and it elaborates the total scores of the patients so that those most in need automatically reach the top of the list and are admitted in the first of the 8 institutions to have a free place. Results: The hospice network started in September 2009, financed by the regional health service and involves 8 hospices in Milan, with a total of 82 beds. In the first five months of activity (September 2009 - February 2010) 463 patients were put on the waiting list and of these 309 (66.7%) were admitted to a hospice after waiting on average 4.7 days (range 0- 67 days). All the patients that need to be admitted to a hospice inMilanmust be put on the waiting list and there are on average 92.6 new patients every month (range 72-108). Conclusions: The hospice network in Milan represents an interesting model created to guarantee that terminal patients receive high-quality specialized care at the right moment and as soon as possible. The optimization of the waiting list is a critical issue in the correct management of terminal patients. In addition, this system gives us realtime feedback on the health and social needs of patients allowing us to adequately plan the services offered by hospices in terms of number of beds and length of waiting time.","y","Annals of Oncology",null,"Journal Article","improving palliative care (healthcare)",2,45,2,"city-wide hospice planning",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Milan",131,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T187,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Milan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T187,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"italy"},"italyMilan",34,3,1]
["Yu, L. H.",2010,"Cancer prevention and therapy in Taipei city","Cancer has been the leading cause of death in Taiwan since 1982 and it has led all causes of death in Taipei City since 1973. Thirty-one percent of all deaths in Taipei City were caused by cancer in 2009. On average, one Taipei City resident dies of cancer about every two hours. The standardized death rate is 111.2 persons per hundred thousand. The Taipei City Health Department (TCHD) has formulated cancer prevention and therapy policies to reduce both the incidence and mortality rates of cancer, including educating the public on healthful behaviors; regular cancer screening campaigns; encouraging hospitals to improve the quality of diagnostic techniques; and provision of hospice service etc. This report introduces in turn the framework of cancer prevention and therapy in TCHD. In primary prevention, we have tobacco control, healthy eating, regular exercise programs, befitting our designation as a Healthy City by the WHO. In secondary prevention, we provide, in collaboration with other stakeholders, equitable and accessible cancer screenings in the community, in the workplace and in the hospital. In tertiary prevention, we encourage hospitals in Taipei City to join the National Cancer Screening Quality Improvement Program. There are now 26 so qualified hospitals providing screening, diagnoses, or therapy of cancer. In quaternary prevention, the City encourages area hospitals to set up integrated cancer resource centers which provide cancer patients with necessary nursing and education services during therapy and in convalescence. There are 11 such centers. Finally we have 8 and 11 hospital-based and home care hospices respectively which provide terminal patients with comfort and dignity during their last days. The cancer policies of Taipei City Government encompass primary prevention, screening and diagnostics, therapy, convalescence and hospice care. It is hoped that these policies will lead to lower cancer incidence and mortality rates, resulting in a more healthful quality of life to the citizens of Taipei City.","y","International Journal of Urology","Embase","Journal Article","Cancer Prevention and treatment",1,22,2,"comprehensive plan to improve prevention and care",7,"Taipei City Health Department strategy and policies",5,0,0,"TaIpei (Taiwan)",212,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T188,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Taipei"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T188,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Taiwan"},"TaiwanTaipei",55,4,0]
["Gonzalez, Ca; Lena, N. N.; Muntaabski, P.",2010,"The need of training plan in the implementation of transfusion medicine program","Background: The Buenos Aires City has the more complex health system in Argentina, and there is a great need for highly qualified, skilful, trained healthcare staff members, to provide a safe, up-to-date, high-quality blood transfusions service. The back bone of transfusion services are the staff and all National Health Services should invest in providing them with the best training program as that might bring them closer to the zero zone of clerical human errors, which are still the most com-mon cause of morbidity and mortality due to blood transfusion. At the end of 2009 our City has a new Blood Law, and demanded a highly efficient training program as one of the most important prerequisites of this implementation. The most challenging part was developing training courses to staff members of hospital blood banks aiming to improve technical competence and laboratory practice between the most important objectives to learning. Aim: This training program aimed to foster Good Manufactured Practice, purge outdated ideas and produce a staff with a reasonable working knowledge of transfusion medicine theory and procedures, with clinical judgement in blood transfusion practice. The final objective of this training is that physicians, medical technologist and biochemistry will become sufficiently familiar with current knowledge to allow serving as consultant to another clinical service and understanding the importance of providing what we all is aiming at safe blood. Methods: A training plan was conducted according to the requirements and needs of the ser-vices and a series of training courses were implemented. The training courses were developed to staff members of Blood Banks aiming to improve laboratory compe-tence and clinical practice. It was planned at a basic and intermediate level. The teaching methods used were lecture, guided discussion and practical exercises on the services. Everybody received the relevant documents for the course imple-mentation (standards, SOPs, form, etc). Results: The knowledge of current transfusion medicine was gradually introduced and it was gratifying to notice increased enthusiasm of everybody after these courses, evaluated by different surveys. The main obstacle is a great need for suitable training facilities and the limitations of budgets. As a final result, all this may contribute to the substantial variations in the quality of education and team performance. Conclusions: Always be in place the continuous training and education plans for all staff involved in the transfusion chain. The good training is a priority because definitely will level up the provided blood transfusion services. For these reasons it is necessary those courses, not as a paliative of inadequate training, but a real tool for transforming the practice of transfusion medicine. In our experience, those training courses could be the necessary first step before implementing the Transfusion Medicine program.","y","Vox Sanguinis","Embase","Journal Article","improvement in blood transfusion (services)",2,17,2,"improved knowledge and skills for transfusion staff",1,"new law and supporting training programme",4,0,0,"Buenos Aires (Argentina)",27,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T189,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Buenos Aires"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T189,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"argentina"},"argentinaBuenos Aires",8,2,1]
["De Henauw, S.; Van Assche, J.; Reynaert, H.",2010,"Childhood obesity prevention: In need of urban governance? The case of childhood obesity prevention in two Flemish cities","Screening of policy documents leads us to suppose that local governments constitute the tailpiece of any public intervention in the field of childhood obesity prevention. Up till now, little research has been undertaken to identify 'critical success factors' for the local policy on obesity prevention. So, we argue that leadership of local politicians and their involvement in the 'change management' of the obesity prevention projects are the most important success factors. In other words, local politicians should engage in assuming a steering role in the networks on the promotion of healthy diet and physical activity. We believe it is the best way for childhood obesity prevention policy to reach for durable changes in relevant behavior. In this paper we present the results of two case studies on this matter. Within the framework of the EEN-project (Epode European Network) we study the networks of childhood obesity prevention in two Flemish cities. To be consulted at http://www.epode-european-network. com/ These case studies will provide for new knowledge on the way local governments are supporting the target groups (such as children, adolescents, etc.) and the first-level actors (such as parents, schools, sports organisations, associations for a healthy nutrition, etc.). In addition, they will produce reliable data on the leadership of the local politicians in this field. We will see how important the relationships are between elected politicians and leading civil servants. And how the operational management framework will determine the collaboration with stakeholders in public health networks.","y","Obesity Reviews","Embase","Journal Article","Childhood obesity",1,1,2,"policies to prevent childhood obesity",0,"how politicians are important ",5,0,2,"two Flemish Cities (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T190,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T190,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",11,3,0]
["De Silva-Sanigorski, A.; Bell, A. C.; Kremer, P.; Nichols, M.; Crellin, M.; Smith, M.; Sharp, S.; De Groot, F.; Carpenter, L.; Boak, R.; Robertson, N.; Swinburn, B.",2010,"Reducing obesity in early childhood: Results from Romp & Chomp, an Australian community-wide intervention program","Introduction: There is growing evidence that community-based interventions can reduce childhood obesity in older children. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Romp & Chomp intervention to reduce obesity and promote healthy eating and active play in children aged 0-5 years. Methods: Romp & Chomp was a community-wide, multi-setting and multi-strategy intervention conducted in Australia from 2004- 2008. The intervention occurred in a large regional city (Geelong) with a target group of 12000 children and focused on community capacity building and environmental (policy, socio-cultural, physical) changes to increase healthy eating and active play in early childhood care and educational settings. The evaluation was repeat cross-sectional, and quasi-experimental with a comparison sample. Main outcome measures were Body Mass Index (BMI), standardised BMI (against the CDC 2000 reference; zBMI) and prevalence of overweight/ obesity in children aged 2 and 3.5 years, and obesity-related behaviours. Results: Post intervention there was a significantly lower mean weight, BMI and zBMI in the 3.5 year old sub-sample and a significantly lower prevalence of overweight/obesity in both the 2 and 3.5 year old sub-samples (by 2.5 and 3.4 percentage points, respectively), compared to a difference of 0.7 percentage points in the comparison sample from baseline levels (P < 0.05). Intervention child behavioural data showed a significantly lower intake of packaged snacks (by 0.23 serves), fruit juice (0.52 serves) and cordial (0.43 serves) compared to the comparison sample (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: A community-wide multi-setting, multi-strategy intervention in early childhood settings can reduce childhood obesity and improve young children's diets.","n","Obesity Reviews","Embase","Journal Article","reducing childhood obesity",1,1,null,"multi setting and multi strategy interventions ",7,"community based intervention",0,0,0,"Geelong (Australia)",75,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T191,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Geelong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T191,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},"AustraliaGeelong",9,5,2]
["Hazlewood, G.; Lupton, T.; Martin, L.; Barr, S.",2010,"The impact of a centralized referral system in rheumatology","Objective: To evaluate the success of a centralized rheumatology referral system in our city on access to rheumatologic care. Methods: A centralized referral system for rheumatology was implemented in 2006 and all rheumatologists in academic and community practice in our city were invited to participate. All referrals are sent to a common referral center, triaged by a specialist nurse, and distributed amongst the participating rheumatologists. Physicians may, however, still refer to a specific rheumatologist if they desire. Data on the triage category, wait times and feedback from the rheumatologists on referral quality are collected prospectively in a database. We used the database to evaluate the success of the project and where appropriate we compared our results to a pre-implementation practice audit. Results: Overall, 13/14 rheumatologists (93%) participated in the centralized referral process. During the 2-year study period (Jan 1, 2007-Dec 31, 2008) 9182 referrals were received (383 per month). 80% were booked with the next available rheumatologist, 9% were booked directly with a rheumatologist, 2% were redirected and the remaining 9% were not booked or were waitlisted. Consults were triaged as routine (74%), moderate (19%), or urgent (7%). Feedback was received from the rheumatologist for 3779 referrals (41%). Rheumatologists rated referral quality as moderate or high in 91% of referrals, and the completeness of information as moderate or high in 87% of referrals. The triage category was felt to be appropriate for 90% of referrals. Of the consults triaged inappropriately, 99 (2.6% of all referrals) were \"under-triaged\" as routine or moderate when they should have been urgent. The most common reasons for misclassification of these urgent referrals were \"inadequate referral information\" in 34% and \"change in health status in 16%. There were 254 no-shows (6.7%) which was similar to a prior practice audit. Duplicate referrals were eliminated, which was identified as a significant problem at baseline with a rate of > 6%. Mean wait times, when compared to baseline, were similar for routine referrals (pre 155+/-88 days, post 148.9+/-65, p=0.11), and improved for moderate (pre 110+/-57, post 78+/-56, p< 0.001), and urgent referrals (pre 29+/-46, post 18+/-22.8 p=0.01). Wait time variability improved significantly, with mean wait times for individual rheumatologists ranging from 44-271 days pre- to 109-178 post-implementation (p< 0.01). Conclusion: A centralized referral system to rheumatology eliminates duplicate consults and improves wait times and wait time variability between rheumatologists. The urgency of referral can be categorized correctly in a high percentage of cases.","y","Journal of Rheumatology","Embase","Journal Article","improved rheumatology service",2,40,2,"centralised referral system",3,"voluntary inclusion (93% achieved)",2,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T192,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T192,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,1]
["Sturm, R.; Cohen, D. A.",2009,"Zoning for health? The year-old ban on new fast-food restaurants in South LA","A regulation banning new fast-food establishments for one year in Los Angeles, California, was passed unanimously by the city council in July 2008. It was motivated by health concerns and excessive obesity rates in South Los Angeles. However, it might not have had the impact that was intended. This paper reviews the empirical evidence for the regulation and whether it is likely to target the primary levers of obesity. We argue that the premises for the ban were questionable. For example, the density of fast-food chain restaurants per capita is actually higher in other parts of Los Angeles than in South LA. Other changes, such as menu calorie labeling, are likely to have a bigger impact on overweight and obesity.","y","Health affairs (Project Hope)","Embase","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"law banning new fast food establishments",2,"Law",4,0,2,"Los Angeles (USA)",118,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T193,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Los Angeles"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T193,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaLos Angeles",1,1,0]
["Ritsatakis, A.",2009,"Equity and social determinants of health at a city level","Equity in health has been the underlying value of the WHO Health for All policy for 30 years, distinguished from equality and difference in a commissioned series of theoretical reports in the early 1990s. This article examines how cities translated this principle into action. Using information designed to help evaluate Phase III (1998-2002) of the WHO European Healthy Cities Network, plus documentation from city programmes and websites, an attempt is made to assess how far stakeholders in cities understood the concept of equity in health, had the political will to tackle the issue and the types of action undertaken. Results show that cities focused mainly on support for vulnerable groups, and a wide range of actions were being implemented, including lifestyle-oriented methods or those to improve access to care. Few cities made the necessary shift towards more upstream policies to tackle determinants of health such as poverty, unemployment and housing. There was little experience of evaluating the impact of interventions to reduce the gaps. This is partly explained by a frequent lack of local level data reflecting inequalities in health. The article concludes that although half the cities in the Network needed stronger action to make equity in health an integral part of long-term planning, innovative experience was available to be shared by its members in Phase IV (2003-2008) of the Network.","y","Health promotion international","Embase","Journal Article","health inequilities and social determinents of health",1,3,2,"social determinents of heatlh",0,"WHO Healhty Cities",9,0,0,"numerous - not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T194,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T194,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,3,0]
["Webster, P.; Lipp, A.",2009,"The evolution of the WHO city health profiles: a content review","The WHO European Healthy Cities project developed city health profiles (CHPs) to provide the evidence base for health planning. A CHP is a public health report that brings together key pieces of information on health and its determinants in the city and interprets and analyses the information. This CHP would then form the basis of a city health development plan that would set out strategies and programmes of intervention to improve the health of a city's population. A content review of the CHPs produced by the cities in the WHO European Healthy Cities Network in 1995 and repeated 10 years later, attempted to undertake a systematic and comprehensive content review of the CHPs. The results show that in both reviews, demographic information was covered comprehensively. The inadequate coverage of areas of health status and socio-economic conditions in the 1995 review was covered comprehensively in 2005. Coverage of lifestyles, infrastructures and public health policies and services had improved since the 1995 review. The findings indicate that profiles presenting information on health and its determinants provide an evidence-base to inform health planning for the city. However, problems were still encountered in undertaking appropriate analysis to identify inequalities within the city and make recommendations that could be translated into targets. Just as the cities have adapted and evolved throughout the WHO Healthy Cities project, so have CHPs. The range of health profiles produced by cities demonstrate how they have evolved from basic tools that started by collecting routinely available information on death and disease to sophisticated mechanisms that gather an array of relevant information from a wide variety of sources through a range of methods. Most cities have understood the concept of a CHP as an evidence-based tool to inform health policy and planning and to strengthen the public health agenda.","y","Health promotion international","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,35,2,"WHO health profiles of cities",4,"WHO city health profiles ",9,0,0,"various (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T195,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T195,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,8,0]
["Tsouros, A.",2009,"City leadership for health and sustainable development: the World Health Organization European Healthy Cities Network","This paper provides an overview of European Healthy Cities Network (EHCN) organized by the WHO Regional Office Europe. The focus is on the third of five phases covering the period 1998-2002. Fifty-six cities were members of the WHO-EHCN and over 1000 European cities were members of national networks. Association with WHO has given municipalities legitimacy to move into a domain often associated with health service. Equity and community participation are core values. City mayors provide political leadership. Intersectoral cooperation underpins a Healthy Cities approach. The WHO Regional Office for Europe supports WHO-EHCN, providing guidance and technical leadership. Cities' processes and structures are prerequisits for improvements in health and are central to the evaluation of Phase III of the WHO-EHCN.","y","Health promotion international","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy City Network",0,"WHO European Healthy Cities Network",9,2,1,"56 cities (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T196,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T196,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,3,0]
["Green, G.; Price, C.; Lipp, A.; Priestley, R.",2009,"Partnership structures in the WHO European Healthy Cities project","The development of new partnership structures for public health is an important goal of the World Health Organization's Healthy Cities project which covers a network of European municipalities. A review was carried out of the partnership structures and key changes arising from the project, based on the responses of 44 cities to a structured questionnaire, interviews with 24 city representatives and publications from the project from 1988 to 2003. Cities reported elaborate partnership mechanisms usually combining formal and informal working methods. Differences between cities could partly be related to differences in the way that local government is organized within countries and partly differences in local choices and circumstances. A relationship between the effectiveness of partnership arrangements and delivery of key elements of the project was discernable. Most cities reported having changed their processes for decision-making and planning for health as a result of membership of the WHO European Healthy Cities Network. One of the most potent stimuli for these changes was the action to which a city had committed as part of its membership of the Network.","y","Health promotion international","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy City Network",0,"WHO European Healthy Cities Network",9,0,0,"44 cities (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T197,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T197,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,3,0]
["Lawrence, R. J.; Fudge, C.",2009,"Healthy Cities in a global and regional context","Since the beginning of the WHO European Healthy Cities Network in 1987, the global and regional contexts for the promotion of health and well-being have changed in many ways. First, in 2000, the United Nations Millennium Goals explicitly and implicitly addressed health promotion and prevention at the global and regional levels. Second, the concern for sustainable development at the Rio Conference in 1992 was confirmed at the World Summit in Johannesburg in 2002. During the same period, in many regions including Europe, the redefinition of the roles and responsibilities of national, regional and local governments, reductions in budgets of public administrations, the privatization of community and health services, the instability of world trade, the financial system and employment, migration flows, relatively high levels of unemployment (especially among youth and young adults) have occurred in many countries in tandem with negative impacts on specific policies and programmes that are meant to promote health. Since 1990, the European Commission has been explicitly concerned about the promotion of health, environment and social policies by defining strategic agendas for the urban environment, sustainable development and governance. However, empirical studies during the 1990s show that urban areas have relatively high levels of tuberculosis, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, adult obesity, malnutrition, tobacco smoking, poor mental health, alcohol consumption and drug abuse, sexually transmitted diseases (including AIDS), crime, homicide, violence and accidental injury and death. In addition, there is evidence that urban populations in many industrialized countries are confronted with acute new health problems stemming from exposure to persistent organic pollutants, toxic substances in building structures, radioactive waste and increasing rates of food poisoning. These threats to public health indicate an urgent need for new strategic policies and research agendas that address the complex interrelations between urban ecosystems, sustainable development, human health and well-being. The WHO Healthy Cities project is one important vector for achieving this objective at both global and regional levels.","y","Health promotion international","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy Cities",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"various (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T198,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T198,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"+V198&U198","v":"0no city or multiple cities stated"},0,0,0]
["TenBrink, D. S.; McMunn, R.; Panken, S.",2009,"Project U-Turn: increasing active transportation in Jackson, Michigan","BACKGROUND: Jackson, Michigan, is a medium-sized city suffering from a bad economy and obesity-related health issues. Nearly 20% of the 36,000 residents live below the poverty line. It is a relatively young city (median age of 30 years) with a mixed ethnicity (20% black, 73% white, 4% Hispanic). The city offers many structured, active recreational opportunities, but has not integrated physical activity into daily life. INTERVENTION: Project U-Turn aimed to increase active transportation (e.g., biking, walking, and transit use) through an integrated approach to Active Living by Design's community action model and the Michigan Safe Routes to School model. Resources were focused on active living promotions and programs; partnership meetings were the source of changes in policy and physical projects. Each initiative was designed to introduce each of the 5Ps (preparation, promotion, programs, policy, and physical projects) to build support for the partnership's overall work. RESULTS: The partnership collected snapshot data of community walking and biking behavior, percentage of students walking to school, participation in events and programs, and new physical projects. Jackson saw a vast improvement in physical infrastructure and policy and a related increase in walking and biking in the community. LESSONS LEARNED: The project engaged in purposeful partnership building to implement effective programs and promotions that built support for policy and physical projects. Limited resources were best used by encouraging partners to contribute and coordinate activities using existing staff, funding, and resources. CONCLUSIONS: Jackson has seen a shift toward awareness of the benefits of active living on community health, economic development, and environmental awareness.","y","American journal of preventive medicine","Embase","Journal Article","increasing active transportation",1,10,2,"various interventions, policy and physical changes.",2,"partnership approach",2,0,0,"Jackson (Michigan) (USA)",102,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T199,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Jackson"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T199,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaJackson",1,1,1]
["Song, H. J.; Gittelsohn, J.; Kim, M.; Suratkar, S.; Sharma, S.; Anliker, J.",2009,"A corner store intervention in a low-income urban community is associated with increased availability and sales of some healthy foods","OBJECTIVE: While corner store-based nutrition interventions have emerged as a potential strategy to increase healthy food availability in low-income communities, few evaluation studies exist. We present the results of a trial in Baltimore City to increase the availability and sales of healthier food options in local stores. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study. SETTING: Corner stores owned by Korean-Americans and supermarkets located in East and West Baltimore. SUBJECTS: Seven corner stores and two supermarkets in East Baltimore received a 10-month intervention and six corner stores and two supermarkets in West Baltimore served as comparison. RESULTS: During and post-intervention, stocking of healthy foods and weekly reported sales of some promoted foods increased significantly in intervention stores compared with comparison stores. Also, intervention storeowners showed significantly higher self-efficacy for stocking some healthy foods in comparison to West Baltimore storeowners. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of the study demonstrated that increases in the stocking and promotion of healthy foods can result in increased sales. Working in small corner stores may be a feasible means of improving the availability of healthy foods and their sales in a low-income urban community.","y","Public health nutrition","Embase","Journal Article","increase healthy food availability",1,28,2,"increasing healthy food availablity in corner shops ",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T200,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T200,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Mauad, E. C.; Nicolau, S. M.; Moreira, L. F.; Haikel Jr, R. L.; Longatto-Filho, A.; Baracat, E. C.",2009,"Adherence to cervical and breast cancer programs is crucial to improving screening performance","INTRODUCTION: Cervical and breast cancer are the most common malignancies among women worldwide. Effective screening can facilitate early detection and dramatically reduce mortality rates. The interface between those screening patients and patients most needing screening is complex, and women in remote areas of rural counties face additional barriers that limit the effectiveness of cancer prevention programs. This study compared various methods to improve compliance with mass screening for breast and cervical cancer among women in a remote, rural region of Brazil. METHODS: In 2003, a mobile unit was used to perform 10,156 mammograms and Papanicolaou smear tests for women living in the Barretos County region of Sao Paulo state, Brazil (consisting of 19 neighbouring cities). To reach the women, the following community outreach strategies were used: distribution of flyers and pamphlets; media broadcasts (via radio and car loudspeakers); and community healthcare agents (CHCAs) making home visits. RESULTS: The most useful intervention appeared to be the home visits by healthcare agents or CHCAs. These agents of the Family Health Programme of the Brazilian Ministry of Health reached an average of 45.6% of those screened, with radio advertisements reaching a further 11.9%. The great majority of the screened women were illiterate or had elementary level schooling (80.9%) and were of 'poor' or 'very poor' socioeconomic class (67.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Use of a mobile screening unit is a useful strategy in developing countries where local health systems have inadequate facilities for cancer screening in underserved populations. A multimodal approach to community outreach strategies, especially using CHCAs and radio advertisements, can improve the uptake of mass screening in low-income, low-educational background female populations.","y","Rural and remote health","Embase","Journal Article","cancer screening ",2,22,2,"out reach cancer screening ",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"19 Various (Small) - not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T201,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T201,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,2,1]
["Schmidt, E.; Kiss, S. M.; Lokanc-Diluzio, W.",2009,"Changing social norms: A mass media campaign for youth ages 12-18","Objective: To create a mass media campaign that endeavours to a) denormalize tobacco use among youth aged 12-18, b) empower youth to stay tobacco product free, and c) increase awareness of the dangers of tobacco use, while using positive messaging. Participants: Target age group was youth between the ages of 12 and 18 years. Setting: The mass media campaign was developed, implemented, and evaluated within the city of Calgary. Intervention: The mass media campaign consisted of posters for schools and other venues frequented by youth (e.g., community centres, libraries, fitness centres, restaurants, movie theatres), posters for transit (e.g., bus shelters, LRT shelters, back of bus) print advertisements, television/radio public service announcements, an interactive community website for youth, a media launch event, promotional items, and organizational efforts to cross-promote the campaign. The creative concept was based on intercept interviews, focus group testing, and other research conducted by the campaign's creative team and youth volunteers in order to identify the key elements of this campaign. Outcomes: A total of 149 students completed both a baseline and follow-up survey to evaluate the marketing activities of the campaign. A total of 27 youth participated in prototype testing to compare this positive-messaging campaign with negative-toned tobacco reduction campaigns. Six stakeholders/partners participated in stakeholder interviews to assess their thoughts and learnings regarding the campaign process. Conclusion: The evaluation respondents viewed the campaign positively and showed strong recall of the messaging.","y","Canadian Journal of Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","reduce smoking",1,7,2,"mass media campaign",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Calgary",33,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T202,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Calgary"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T202,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaCalgary",17,1,0]
["Gingiss, P. M.; Boerm, M.; Huang, P.; Hermer, L.",2009,"Smoke-Free Ordinances in Texas Worksites, Restaurants, and Bars, 2000-2007","Background: Policies to protect citizens from secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure are widely noted to bring numerous economic and health benefits and contribute to changes in public norms. In 2000, the Texas Department of State Health Services established a database to track changes in the number and content of municipal secondhand smoke ordinances. This study utilizes that data to describe existing municipal ordinances; identify changes in population coverage across worksites, restaurants, and bars; and examine disparities in coverage associated with race/ethnicity. Methods: Ordinance features are examined in five settings: municipal worksites, private-sector worksites, restaurants, bars in restaurants, and bars not in restaurants. This descriptive, time-series study analyzes changes in smoke-free ordinance content and population coverage from 2000 to 2007. Results: In 2000, no Texas municipal populations were covered by smoke-free ordinances in more than one study setting. By 2007, over 25% of the state's municipal population resided in cities with smoke-free ordinances in all five settings, and 40% were smoke-free in three or more settings. By 2007, over 50% of the municipal population had smoke-free worksite ordinance protections; 40% had smoke-free protections in private worksites, restaurants, and bars in restaurants; and over 25% were protected in bars not in restaurants. Populations in predominantly minority cities had more ordinance protection from SHS. Conclusions: Changes in smoke-free ordinance provisions have been rapid in Texas cities of all sizes and locations. Evaluating whther these local gains can translate into continued support for further municipal and state SHS legislation will be important. © 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.","y","American Journal of Preventive Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","reduce smoking",1,7,2,"smoke free law",2,"DoH",4,5,0,"Texas County",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T203,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T203,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Stein, C. R.; Ellis, J. A.; Savitz, D. A.; Vichinsky, L.; Perl, S. B.",2009,"Decline in smoking during pregnancy in New York City, 1995-2005","Objectives. The 1998 Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) between 46 states and four major tobacco companies increased tobacco control funding and restricted tobacco marketing. In 2002, New York City (NYC) began a comprehensive tobacco control program that raised the price of cigarettes, banned indoor workplace smoking, and increased access to cessation treatment. We examined the temporal pattern of smoking during pregnancy, including ethnic variation in smoking prevalence, relative to the implementation of the MSA and NYC's comprehensive tobacco control program using birth certificate data. Methods. Using multiple logistic regression, we analyzed NYC birth certificate data to examine prenatal smoking during three time periods: 1995-1998 (pre-MSA), 1999-2002 (post-MSA, pre-NYC tobacco control), and 2003-2005 (post-MSA, post-tobacco control). Results. Overall, 3.0% of 1,136,437 births included were to smoking mothers. The proportion of smoking mothers declined from 4.5% in 1995-1998 to 1.7% in 2003-2005. Compared with non-Hispanic white women, African American women had 2.46 increased odds (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.36, 2.55) of smoking during 1995-1998, and 3.63 increased odds (95% CI 3.39, 3.88) of smoking during 2003-2005, despite an absolute reduction in smoking from 10.4% to 5.0%. Puerto Rican women also smoked considerably more than non-Hispanic white women. Conclusions. These findings document a striking temporal decline in prenatal smoking in NYC concurrent with changing tobacco control policies. Targeted efforts may be required to address the increasing disparity in prenatal smoking between non-Hispanic white and African American and Puerto Rican women. ©2009 Association of Schools of Public Health.","y","Public Health Reports","Embase","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"comprehensive tobacco control programme",7,"taxation, law, increased access to support",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T204,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T204,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Angell, S. Y.; Silver, L. D.; Goldstein, G. P.; Johnson, C. M.; Deitcher, D. R.; Frieden, T. R.; Bassett, M. T.",2009,"Cholesterol control beyond the clinic: New York City's trans fat restriction","Decades after key modifiable risk factors were identified, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of preventable death, and only one quarter of persons with high cholesterol levels have attained recommended levels of control. Cholesterol control efforts have focused on consumer education and medical treatment. A powerful, complementary approach is to change the makeup of food, a route the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene took when it restricted artificial trans fat - a contributor to coronary heart disease - in restaurants. The Department first undertook a voluntary campaign, but this effort did not decrease the proportion of restaurants that used artificial trans fat. In December 2006, the Board of Health required that artificial trans fat be phased out of restaurant food. To support implementation, the Department provided technical assistance to restaurants. By November 2008, the restriction was in full effect in all New York City restaurants and estimated restaurant use of artificial trans fat for frying, baking, or cooking or in spreads had decreased from 50% to less than 2%. Preliminary analyses suggest that replacement of artificial trans fat has resulted in products with more healthful fatty acid profiles. For example, in major restaurant chains, total saturated fat plus trans fat in French fries decreased by more than 50%. At 2 years, dozens of national chains had removed artificial trans fat, and 13 jurisdictions, including California, had adopted similar laws. Public health efforts that change food content to make default choices healthier enable consumers to more successfully meet dietary recommendations and reduce their cardiovascular risk. © 2009 American College of Physicians.","y","Annals of Internal Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","Cholesterol reduction",1,26,2,"trans fat law",2,"DoHMH",4,5,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T205,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T205,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Dixon, S.; Mason, S.; Knowles, E.; Colwell, B.; Wardrope, J.; Snooks, H.; Gorringe, R.; Perrin, J.; Nicholl, J.",2009,"Is it cost effective to introduce paramedic practitioners for older people to the ambulance service? Results of a cluster randomised controlled trial","Background: A scheme to train paramedics to undertake a greater role in the care of older people following a call for an emergency ambulance was developed in a large city in the UK. Objectives: To assess the cost effectiveness of the paramedic practitioner (PP) scheme compared with usual emergency care. Methods: A cluster randomised controlled trial was undertaken of PP compared with usual care. Weeks were allocated to the study group at random to the PP scheme either being active (intervention) or inactive (control). Resource use data were collected from routine sources, and from patient-completed questionnaires for events up to 28 days. EQ-5D data were also collected at 28 days. Results: Whereas the intervention group received more PP contact time, it reduced the proportion of emergency department (ED) attendances (53.3% vs 84.0%) and time in the ED (126.6 vs 211.3 minutes). There was also some evidence of increased use of health services in the days following the incident for patients in the intervention group. Overall, total costs in the intervention group were 140 lower when routine data were considered (p = 0.63). When the costs and QALY were considered simultaneously, PP had a greater than 95% chance of being cost effective at 20 000 per QALY. Conclusion: Several changes in resource use are associated with the use of PP. Given these economic results in tandem with the clinical, operational and patient-related benefits, the wider implementation and evaluation of similar schemes should be considered.","y","Emergency Medicine Journal","Embase","Journal Article","care of the elderly (healthcare)",2,23,2,"implemented paramedic practitioner to take on greater role in the care of older people followign a call for emergency ambulance",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Large UK city (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T206,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T206,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",3,3,1]
["Mostashari, F.; Tripathi, M.; Kendall, M.",2009,"A tale of two large community electronic health record extension projects","The Massachusetts eHealth Collaborative and the New York City Primary Care Information Project have provided financial subsidies and extensive support to help hundreds of independent medical practices successfully adopt electronic health records. Their efforts address overcoming key barriers such as the amount of start-up funds needed, productivity lost during implementation, and the difficulty of choosing the right system. Their approaches differ: the Massachusetts project emphasizes continuity of care within selected communities; New York emphasizes improvements in preventive care and chronic disease management across a population. Both, however, offer valuable insights that can be applied elsewhere. ©2009 Project HOPE - The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.","y","Health Affairs","Embase","Journal Article","improved information  systems to improve healthcare",2,35,2,"electronic health record",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"Massachusetts and New York City",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T207,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T207,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Weaver, L.",2009,"Feeding babies in the battle to combat infant mortality a century ago","At the end of the nineteenth century Glasgow, like many large industrial European cities, had an infant mortality rate (IMR) of well over 100 deaths per 1000 live births. Recognition that 'improper feeding' was a significant factor in accounting for this prompted public health authorities to establish infant milk depots, to support breast-feeding mothers and to provide artificial milk feeds for their babies if necessary. The initiative was led by the medical officer of health of Glasgow, Archibald Chalmers, who promoted welfare services for mothers and infants during the first decade of the 20th century. However these initiatives were questioned by an up-and-coming paediatrician, Leonard Findlay, who was to go on to be Glasgow's first professor of medical paediatrics in 1924. Nevertheless IMRs started to go down from 1900 and have continued steadily ever since; and while artificial infant milks clearly posed a risk to the health of babies, attention to infant nutrition, growth and feeding may have played a part in initiating and perpetuating this decline in IMR and improving infant survival and welfare during the last century.","y","Scottish Medical Journal","Embase","Journal Article","infant mortality",2,37,2,"established support and milk to new mothers",3,"led by glasgows Chief Medical Officer",3,0,0,"Glasgow (UK)",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T208,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T208,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",50,3,2]
["Kelly, F. J.; Kelly, J.",2009,"London air quality: A real world experiment in progress","London currently has the highest nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration recorded for any European city and for particulate matter (PM) it has some of the worst hot spots. Therefore overall, for these two pollutants, London is the worst in the UK and amongst the worst in Europe. Exposure to elevated concentrations of air pollutants such as PM and NO<inf>2</inf> has well-established heath effects and most countries now have strict guidelines for air quality. London's air quality problems are driven largely by traffic. This, along with the high density of people in an urban area results in air quality guidelines being exceeded on a regular basis and large numbers of people being affected. In an attempt to combat London's air quality problems the mayor of London introduced a series of measures to decrease traffic emissions. These included both a restriction on the number of vehicles entering central London each day the Congestions Charging Scheme (CCS), and the discouragement of the most polluting heavy goods vehicles from entering the London Low Emission Zone (LEZ). Together, it is hoped that these measures will lead to an improvement in air quality and provide a direct health benefit to Londoners. Research underway is charting the progress of this real world experiment. © 2009 Informa UK Ltd.","y","Biomarkers","Embase","Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"congestion charging and low emission zones",2,"Mayor policies",1,0,1,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T209,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T209,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Yen, M. Y.; Wu, T. S. J.; Chiu, A. W. H.; Wong, W. W.; Wang, P. E.; Chan, T. C.; King, C. C.",2009,"Taipei's use of a multi-channel mass risk communication program to rapidly reverse an epidemic of highly communicable disease","Background: In September 2007, an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) occurred in Keelung City and spread to Taipei City. In response to the epidemic, a new crisis management program was implemented and tested in Taipei. Methodology and Principal Findings: Having noticed that transmission surged on weekends during the Keelung epidemic, Taipei City launched a multi-channel mass risk communications program that included short message service (SMS) messages sent directly to approximately 2.2 million Taipei residents on Friday, October 12th, 2007. The public was told to keep symptomatic students from schools and was provided guidelines for preventing the spread of the disease at home. Epidemiological characteristics of Taipei's outbreak were analyzed from 461 sampled AHC cases. Median time from exposure to onset of the disease was 1 day. This was significantly shorter for cases occurring in family clusters than in class clusters (mean+/-SD: 2.6+/-3.2 vs. 4.39+/-4.82 days, p = 0.03), as well as for cases occurring in larger family clusters as opposed to smaller ones (1.2+/-1.7 days vs. 3.9+/-4.0 days, p,0.01). Taipei's program had a significant impact on patient compliance. Home confinement of symptomatic children increased from 10% to 60% (p<0.05) and helped curb the spread of AHC. Taipei experienced a rapid decrease in AHC cases between the Friday of the SMS announcement and the following Monday, October 15, (0.70% vs. 0.36%). By October 26, AHC cases reduced to 0.01%. The success of this risk communication program in Taipei (as compared to Keelung) is further reflected through rapid improvements in three epidemic indicators: (1) significantly lower crude attack rates (1.95% vs. 14.92%, p<0.001), (2) a short epidemic period of AHC (13 vs. 34 days), and (3) a quick drop in risk level (1,2 weeks) in Taipei districts that border Keelung (the original domestic epicenter). Conclusions and Significance: The timely launch of this systematic, communication-based intervention proved effective at preventing a dangerous spike in AHC and was able to bring this high-risk disease under control. We recommend that public health officials incorporate similar methods into existing guidelines for preventing pandemic influenza and other emerging infectious diseases. © 2009 Yen et al.","y","PLoS ONE","Embase","Journal Article","Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivities (AHC)",1,6,1,"multi channel communicatin (including SMS)",4,"City led",5,0,0,"Taipei (Tiawan)",212,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T210,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Taipei"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T210,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Taiwan"},"TaiwanTaipei",55,4,2]
["Hoshiko, M.; Hara, K.; Ishitake, T.",2009,"Health impact assessment of the transition to a core city in Japan","Objective: To discover whether a health impact assessment (HIA) is applicable in Japan with respect to the transition to a core city. Study design: Ecological study. Methods: A rapid HIA was applied based on typical HIA guidelines. A rapid HIA consists of screening, scoping and assessment. In the assessment or policy analyses, information on the official opinions of Kurume was compiled and interviews were undertaken in Nagasaki, which had already become a core city (hereinafter, 'predecessor core city'). For qualitative and quantitative data, a survey of the 35 predecessor core cities was performed, together with an online questionnaire for the cities of Kurume and Aomori. Results: The construction of new public health centres with the transition to core cities held major significance. In an effort to promote advantages, regionally co-ordinated health activities were quickly introduced, systems whereby residents can voluntarily participate in health activities were strengthened, and facilities where government and residents came together were built. To minimize disadvantages, special features of districts with good health services were applied to other districts, the provision of conventional health services throughout the city was improved, and prefectural and national offices opened consultation corners regarding employee or budgetary shortages. Conclusion: This paper reports the first use of an HIA in Japan with respect to governmental policy. However, this HIA was not a pre-assessment in principle, but rather a concurrent HIA. In the future, HIAs should be performed in Japan to make suggestions to government decision makers whenever policy is being formulated or programmes are being changed. © 2009 The Royal Society for Public Health.","y","Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","health",2,0,2,"HIA when transition to a core city",3," ",1,0,0,"Kurume",108,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T211,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kurume"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T211,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"japan"},"japanKurume",35,4,0]
["Kagawa-Singer, M.; Tanjasiri, S. P.; Valdez, A.; Yu, H.; Foo, M. A.",2009,"Outcomes of a breast health project for Hmong women and men in California","Objectives. We used a community-based research approach to test a culturally based breast cancer screening program among low-income Hmong women in central and southern California. Methods. We designed a culturally informed educational program with measures at baseline and 1-year follow-up in 2 intervention cities and 1 comparison city. Measures included changes in breast cancer screening, knowledge, and attitudes. Results. Compared with women in the comparison community, women in the intervention community significantly improved their attitudes toward, and increased their knowledge and receipt of, breast cancer screenings. Odds of women in the intervention group having had a mammogram, having had a clinical breast examination, and having performed breast self-examination was 6.75, 12.16, and 20.06, respectively, compared with women in the comparison group. Conclusions. Culturally informed education materials and intervention design were effective methods in conveying the importance of maintaining and monitoring proper breast health. The strength of community collaboration in survey development and intervention design highlighted the challenges of early detection and screening programs among newer immigrants, who face significant language and cultural barriers to care, and identified promising practices to overcome these health literacy challenges.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","promote breast cancer screening",2,12,2,"education programme",1,"community collaboration ",2,0,0,"2 Californian Cities (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T212,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T212,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Ye, X. X.; Huang, H.; Li, S. H.; Xu, G.; Cai, Y.; Chen, T.; Shen, L. X.; Shi, R.",2009,"HIV/AIDS education effects on behaviour among senior high school students in a medium-sized city in China","Few studies have examined the long-term effects of peer-led HIV prevention in Chinese adolescents. A two-year follow-p study was conducted among senior high school students in a medium-sized city of Fujian Province, from 1 March 2006 to 30 April 2008. In all, 3068 students from 14 schools were invited in March 2006, and 893 students in five schools were followed up. Data were collected at baseline, right after intervention (one month later) and two years later by a self-administered questionnaire. In the intervention group, the average knowledge score including reproductive health and HIV/AIDS/sexually transmitted diseases rose from 4.30 to 7.06 one month later (P < 0.01) and to 7.08 two years later (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the average knowledge score after one month and two years (P > 0.05). Sustained increases were found in the attitude scores towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) and intention of condom use after intervention. The study indicates that peer-led HIV prevention education succeeds in improving and sustaining HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and some behaviour intentions. Future research should focus on strategies to sustain long-term behaviour change.","y","International Journal of STD and AIDS","Embase","Journal Article","HIV Prevention",1,2,1,"Peer led education programme",1,"peer led HIV prevention programem in adolescents",0,0,0,"medium sized city in China",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T213,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T213,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,4,1]
["Mohammadifard, N.; Kelishadi, R.; Safavi, M.; Sarrafzadegan, N.; Sajadi, F.; Sadri, G. H.; Maghroon, M.; Alikhasi, H.; Heydari, S.; Sarmadi, F.",2009,"Effect of a community-based intervention on nutritional behaviour in a developing country setting: The Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme","Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the impact of a community-based intervention on the nutritional behaviour of a representative sample of Iranian adults. Design: The Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme (IHHP), a six-year, action-oriented, integrated community-based study aimed at health promotion through the reduction of CVD risk factors, targeted the whole population living in two intervention cities, and compared outcomes with the population of a non-intervention city considered as reference. Dietary interventions were performed as educational, environmental and/or legislative strategies. A global dietary index (GDI) was calculated representing the general dietary behaviour. In addition, two consumption indices were calculated for specific food groups, i.e. meat products and major sources of fat. Univariate AVOVA was conducted to evaluate the impact of the intervention on dietary behaviours. Setting: Isfahan and Najaf-Abad (intervention cities) and Arak (reference city), central Iran. Subjects: The baseline survey was conducted among 12514 randomly selected adults aged >19 years in both intervention and reference areas. The survey was repeated annually among about 5000 persons (2002-2005) in the intervention and reference communities. Results: According to significant year x group interactions in mean fat consumption index (FCI) and meat consumption index (MCI) in the total population, a significant improvement in FCI and MCI was found in the intervention areas v. the reference area (P < 0.001). In addition, the GDI improved significantly in the intervention areas v. the reference area (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The IHHP interventions were effective in improving dietary behaviours at the population level. The highest effectiveness was documented in the change in the type of fat consumed. Such simple and integrated interventions can be adopted in other developing countries with limited financial resources. © The Authors 2009.","y","Public Health Nutrition","Embase","Journal Article","reduction in CVD risk factors",1,26,2,"community based intervetion on nutritional behaviour",1,"educational, environmnetal and legislative strategies",0,0,0,"Isfahan and Najaf-Abad (Iran)",99,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T214,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Isfahan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T214,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"iran"},"iranIsfahan",33,4,1]
["Benavent, J.; Juan, C.; Clos, J.; Sequeira, E.; Gimferrer, N.; Vilaseca, J.",2009,"Using pay-for-performance to introduce changes in primary healthcare centres in Spain: First year results","Introduction: The article describes evaluation of the first year of implementation of a process-management project and a quality-improvement programme linked to economic incentives carried out at CAPSE (Consortium of Primary Healthcare of Example, Barcelona City, Catalonia, Spain). Objective: To evaluate the changes and to describe the experience of a variable payment scheme linked to quality objectives in two primary healthcare centres in Spain. Method: Data from a variable payment scheme for professionals, where the variable payment consisted of three parts, were analysed. The three areas included in the variable payment were the results of management by objectives, performance evaluation, and participation in a quality-improvement programme. Parallel to this the actions of continuous quality improvement that had been proposed during 2006 were described and evaluated. Results: Participation among personnel in the quality-improvement programme was high, including 96% of doctors and 100% of nurses. Seventy-two improvement actions were proposed and accepted; 56% of the improvement actions took place within the established period of time, 18% did not finish within the deadline and 26% could not be accomplished for various reasons. Discussion: The following areas needing improving were detected: process-management training for healthcare professionals, process orientation to the patients, the need to develop a communication plan, the selection of process and outcomes indicators, appropriate use of information systems and the time spent in implementation of the quality-improvement programme. Conclusion: Our preliminary results are encouraging. More studies and comparison of similar experiences are required before widespread use of this system can be recommended. © 2009 Radcliffe Publishing.","y","Quality in Primary Care","Embase","Journal Article","improved quality of primary healthcare",2,38,2,"variable payment scheme to support QI",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Barcelona",13,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T215,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Barcelona"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T215,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainBarcelona",4,3,1]
["Fraze, J. L.; Uhrig, J. D.; Davis, K. C.; Taylor, M. K.; Lee, N. R.; Spoeth, S.; Robinson, A.; Smith, K.; Johnston, J.; McElroy, L.",2009,"Applying core principles to the design and evaluation of the 'Take Charge. Take the Test' campaign: What worked and lessons learned","Objectives: To describe the application of seven core principles to the design and evaluation of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing social marketing campaign as a case study example. Study design: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) used a structured social marketing approach, informed by the Ecological Model, the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Health Belief Model, to develop and evaluate a two-city campaign with print, radio and outdoor advertising; HIV telephone hotlines; an HIV website; community partnerships; and events to promote information seeking and HIV testing. Methods: The CDC applied seven core principles to design and evaluate the campaign, including formative research, the use of behavioural theories, audience segmentation, message design and pretesting, channel selection, process evaluation and outcome evaluation. Results: Over 200 partners in both cities contributed significantly to campaign efforts. Key informant interviews indicated that, due to increased coordination, city infrastructures for HIV testing improved. More than 9600 individuals attended campaign events in both cities, with 1492 rapid HIV tests administered and 14 newly-identified HIV individuals. Overall, event attendees responded positively to campaign materials and events, and free HIV testing opportunities. The campaign significantly increased information-seeking behaviours in the form of hotline calls and web searches. Audience reaction and receptivity to the final campaign materials was very high. Exposure to campaign messages was associated with increases in key knowledge items, intentions to get tested, and peer-to-peer communication. Conclusions: The seven core principles, including formative research, behavioural theories and extensive partnerships, acted synergistically to help a campaign reach its target audience with compelling, relevant messages and motivate them to seek information and get an HIV test. Rapid testing removes many barriers by providing a testing process that can be accessed and acted upon quickly in response to media exposure. Findings suggest that modifying the campaign in future implementations to encourage the target audience to attend and participate in rapid testing events, while expanding the number and reach of such events, may have considerable potential to measurably increase testing behaviours.","y","Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","HIV prevention",1,2,1,"social marketing campaign ",1,"National programme with local partnership",8,2,0,"two cities (not stated where)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T216,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T216,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Lee, C. K.; Tong, A.; Cheng, M.; Yeung, S.; Liu, H. W.",2009,"Information technology framework for territory wide blood utilization - A case story in health care planning","Ageing population in developed countries together with low birth rate emerges as an important determining factor in health service planning. It is well observed that demand for geriatric health service has been growing rapidly with longer life span. Simultaneously, blood demand is also noted to be increasing despite attempts in blood conservation and technological improvements. Unfortunately, expansion in blood collection is not an easy task as blood donor pool is in general shrinking with increasing difficulties in blood collection under today blood safety standards. Therefore, it is pertinent to develop strategies to ensure adequate and safe blood supply and these in turn should rely on timely and accurate information obtained from the existing health care system. In Hong Kong, Hospital authority provides > 90% public health service. Over the past 3 years from 2006 to 2008, the blood demand has been significantly increased by 8.6%. With this, we present here our initiatives in the development of an information technology framework for analysis of the territory-wide blood utilization and provide a modeling platform in determining future blood demand. In short, the information technology framework pools data from different information system (patients' demographic, disease categories, relevanthaematological data, surgical operation related data and transfusion records) into a consolidated database for analysis. With this, we are able to identify a significant increase in utilization trends among elderly medical patients. However, even in a small city like Hong Kong, it is noted that elderly surgical and orthopaedic patients also accounts for a significant rise in certain regional hospitals. In summary, the information technology framework enables health care provider in timely analyzing blood utilization trends and provides important information for demand modeling. Further explorative analysis is being undertaken to identify variation of clinical practice and its role in future auditing.","y","Vox Sanguinis","Embase","Journal Article","improved donor blood utilization",2,17,2,"IT framework to improve donor blood utilizsation",4,"information technology framework that pools data",0,0,0,"Hong Kong",91,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T217,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hong Kong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T217,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHong Kong",20,4,1]
["Macarol, T.; Dupuy, D.",2009,"The Chicago breast cancer quality consortium: Addressing quality from a different perspective","Background: There is a large and growing disparity in breast cancer mortality between Black and White women in Chicago. While rates were approximately the same in 1980, recent estimates (2005) put the Black rate at 116% higher than the White rate. The implications from this are that Black women in Chicago have not benefited whatsoever, from advances in breast cancer care made over the past two and a half decades, in fact their situation has become worse. In response to these alarming statistics a 'Call to Action' Summit was organized in March 2007 The outcome of the summit was 37 recommendations to the city of Chicago that will help lead to a reduction in the disparity. Two of these recommendations laid out plans for the development of a Consortium of Chicago Institutions that would collect breast cancer quality data, share information and organize quality improvement initiatives. As a result, the Chicago Breast Cancer Quality Consortium (CBCQC) was formed with funding from the Susan B. Komen for the Cure Foundation. Current Methods: Data Collection: The goal in year one (2009) is to get hospitals comfortable with systematically collecting data and assessing quality. In the first year of data collection the CBCQC is asking hospitals to submit information on a limited number of screening and treatment measures: 6 screening measures and 4 treatment measures. All data will be aggregate and retrospective covering patients screened or diagnosed in calendar year 2006. Once data is collected, hospital specific reports will be generated. Future Methods: Addressing Quality: What sets the Chicago Breast Cancer Quality Consortium apart from other quality endeavors is that it not only seeks to collect data but also help institutions improve the quality of their breast cancer care. As the CBCQC becomes more established it will develop systems to collect information on an individual and prospective basis. This will help the accuracy of the data allowing it to be a more reliable determinant of quality issues. In both analyzing data and evaluating the quality of processes the CBCQC hopes to be able to improve care throughout Chicago institutions and eventually apply the knowledge gained to setting quality benchmarks. At the same time, the CBCQC does not want to take the place of the organizations that are already doing great and/or similar work around breast cancer quality. It is for this reason that the CBCQC is committed to collaborating with other entities in order to be as efficient and effective as possible and therefore help improve the quality of care for breast cancer patients. Conclusions: The Chicago Breast Cancer Quality Consortium is an unprecedented model for addressing health disparities through a comprehensive quality initiative. While initially, it will be a learning process, collaboration to share best practices and provide support is not only in the best interest of the participating hospitals but also in the best interest of the patients they serve.","y","American Journal of Clinical Oncology: Cancer Clinical Trials","Embase","Journal Article","breast cancer mortality inequality",1,12,2,"summit resulting in 37 actions",0,"Chicago Breast Cancer Quality Consortium collaboration",2,8,0,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T218,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T218,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",1,1,0]
["Garrett-Szymanski, K.; Smith, P. R.; Mulvihill, M.; Schneider, A. T.; Giusti, R.; Johnson, C.; Holland, S.; Willis, C.; Hemmers, P.",2009,"Asthma education initiatives in daycare centers in New York City","PURPOSE: Asthma is the leading cause of hospitalization and absenteeism among children in New York City (NYC). Since 2005 the Long Island College Hospital Asthma Center (LICH-AC) has contracted with the NYC-Department of Health & Mental Hygiene (NYC-DOHMH) to provide asthma screening and education programs in daycare centers. The Brooklyn Asthma Project/Brownsville and East New York (BAP/BENY) is a 2 year study to assess the impact of education initiatives for parents and daycare staff on outcomes in asthmatic preschool children. METHODS: 20 daycare centers were recruited in central Brooklyn. Asthmatics identified using a Brief Respiratory Questionnaire (BRQ), a validated tool from the NYC-DOHMH program. The LICH-AC developed a parent survey to assess asthma management and control in children with positive BRQs. Daycare staff were trained to administer the surveys which are collected initially and after 6 months of educational interventions per the protocol. RESULTS: BAP/BENY is ongoing. Pre-intervention data are available. 1230 children were screened and 333 (27%) are positive for asthma via BRQ. Pre-intervention parental surveys were completed in 239 (71.7%) of 333 with positive BRQ. Pre-intervention data are shown in the table. CONCLUSION: Asthmatic children in daycare are frequently symptomatic, frequently absent from school, and have frequent ED or urgent care visits. Reliever Rx and oral steroid usage is high. Controller Rx is under-used. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Our interim data identifies key problems in an inner city population of preschool children with asthma. Data on the impact of parental and daycare staff education in improving outcomes will be forthcoming.","y","Chest. Conference: American College of Chest Physicians Annual Meeting, CHEST","Embase","Journal Article","Asthma ",1,5,2,"Ashma screening and education in daycare cetnres.",1,"DoHMH led",5,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T219,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T219,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Stark, S. B.",2009,"Consortium approach facilitates education and collaboration in improving stroke care","Introduction: The impetus for this project, in collaboration with the American Stroke Association (ASA), was to improve access to excellent stroke care thereby improving the health of our community. Four years ago under the umbrella of the ASA eight competing hospitals across the Kansas City metropolitan area came to together to form an education consortium At the time, only two of the facilities were Joint Commission certified. The purpose was to enhance access to educational programs to maximize resources and improve access to education to meet certification requirements. In addition to improving access to quality education, alliances have developed to maximize educational funding opportunities, communication and multihospital and community collaboration. Methods: The Kansas City Division of the American Stroke Association provides the meeting facilities and administrative support They also provide the \"neutral\" or \"non-competitive\" umbrella for our group. Initial membership was invited from local hospitals interested in stroke care. Each participating facility was required to provide one, free, four-hour continuing education program per consortium facility per year as a member Each facility was accountable for all costs, publicity, continuing education and materials for their program. Programming needs were discussed at the consortium; ultimately each hospital designed a program that would meet their needs. Stroke Coordinators and Educators from the various hospitals encouraged participation from every facility or organization they interact with. Everyone who can provide a class is welcome to participate. Results: Membership has increased from 8 to 20 organizations to include: emergency medical services, a community based stroke support organization, and the state Department of Health and Human Services. Our geographical area of participation has extended over 200 miles into central Kansas. Several pharmaceutical companies also participate to support educational initiatives. Class participation has increased by 40% over the first year's offerings. Additionally, of the current 20 organizations participating in the consortium, 5 are now JCAHO certified and 3 more are preparing to submit applications by the end of 2008. The consortium also identifies other opportunities to contribute to the community; our focus for 2008 was an NIH Stroke Scale training enhancement program. Conclusions: The Bi-State Stroke Consortium provides a forum for educators, program managers, Stroke Coordinators and community support organizations to collaborate in maximizing resources, education and ultimately creating a positive impact on patient care. The unique approach through the AHA facilitates the elimination of competitiveness and enhances collegiality through a focus on patient outcomes for our community.","y","Stroke","Embase","Journal Article","improving access to excellent stroke care",2,19,2,"hospital came together to for an education consortium",1,"collabortion of providers",2,0,0,"Kansas",101,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T220,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kansas City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T220,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaKansas City",1,1,0]
["Erdur, B.; Turkcuer, I.; Bostanci, M.; Boz, B.; Parlak, I.; Tomruk, O.; Karatepe, M.; Bozkir, M.",2008,"Effects of postgraduate emergency training among general practitioners working in emergency units in Denizli, Turkey","Introduction: Emergency medicine is characterised by rapid decisionmaking to help patients in life-threatening situations. For this purpose, special qualifications are necessary. The aim of our study was to evaluate the emergency medicine knowledge obtained during an obligatory postgraduate emergency medicine training programme that has been recently applied among Turkish physicians. Methods: The training targeted all general practitioners (GPs) working in emergency units in the city hospitals, city-wide primary healthcare centres, public health offices, emergency services and private hospitals. Over an 8-month period between September 2004 and April 2005, seven individual groups of approximately 45 physicians were formed. Each group undertook an identical 5-day training programme and every participant completed identical pre-and post-training tests. Results: Two-hundred and ninety-eight physicians participated in the training programme. The majority of participants were male (n = 224, 75.2%), aged between 35 and 39 years (n = 127, 42.6%), had been in the medical professional for 11 to 15 years (n = 121, 40.7%), and were employed in city hospitals (n = 102, 34.2%). Surprisingly, the majority of GPs had never participated in a postgraduate training programme before (n = 166, 55.7%). Mean post-test scores of the participants were significantly higher than the pre-test scores (89.70%+/-12.41% vs 43.15%+/-10.47%, respectively P < 0.001). Mean pretest scores were significantly higher in the emergency services subgroup (51%, P = 0.001) and in the subgroup of participants that had previously undertaken two or more postgraduate training courses (47.9%, P = 0.004) compared with the mean pre-test scores of the other subgroups. However post-test scores were not statistically different between the groups. Conclusions: This postgraduate emergency medicine training programme appears to be effective in improving physicians' knowledge regarding emergencies. Any developing emergency medicine system in Turkey should include continuous, up-to-date, standardised educational programmes for emergency professionals. These may include postgraduate workshops to improve the knowledge and skill levels of emergency professionals. © Springer Healthcare Communications 2008.","y","Advances in Therapy","Embase","Journal Article","improving emergency care",2,23,2,"emergency care training programme",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Denizli (Turkey)",59,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T221,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Denizli"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T221,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"turkey"},"turkeyDenizli",57,3,1]
["Boucher, J. L.; Pereira, R. F.; Graham, K. J.; Pettingill, R. R.; Toscano, J. V.; Henry, T. D.",2008,"The heart of new ulm: a vision for the future","Coronary artery disease (CAD) continues to be a leading cause of death in the USA and throughout the world. Allina Health System, with the Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern, recently announced a long-term study in the city of New Ulm, MN, to reduce risk factors for myocardial infarction and, ultimately, reduce myocardial infarction incidence. To achieve this goal, the focus will be on health promotion interventions and primary and secondary prevention strategies for CAD that are innovative, community-wide, and able to impact individuals at home, at work, in their community, and in their health care settings. Factors considered in selecting this city included the identification of health as a priority by the community, readiness and willingness of the community to change, the ability to provide and deliver systematic care, and partnerships established across multiple disciplines and sectors centered on improved health. The following stakeholders will be engaged: the community, employers, public health, health care, and health plans. Unique aspects of the intervention include centralized healthcare, including an automated medical record; genetic testing; integrated behavioral interventions; social environmental change and social circumstances; health promotion, primary prevention and secondary prevention interventions; advanced diagnostics and imaging; and state-of-the-art therapy.","y","Journal of cardiovascular translational research","Embase","Journal Article","reduce risk factors of Coronary Artery Disease",2,26,2,"health promotion activies across numerous settings",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"New Ulm (Minneapolis)",146,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T222,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New Ulm"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T222,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew Ulm",1,1,0]
["Jandorf, L.; Bursac, Z.; Pulley, L.; Trevino, M.; Castillo, A.; Erwin, D. O.",2008,"Breast and cervical cancer screening among Latinas attending culturally specific educational programs","BACKGROUND: Latinas in the United States have higher morbidity and mortality rates for breast and cervical cancers (compared with non-Latina Whites), often due to lower screening rates. A community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach could help to improve screening rates by creating a culturally customized educational program for Latino men and women addressing low knowledge, gender roles, and spirituality. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a culturally customized program (Esperanza y Vida [Hope and Life]) in increasing breast and cervical cancer screening among Latinas, and to examine how screening rates related to changes in cancer knowledge, differences in ethnic origins, and geographic location. METHODS: Participants were recruited to attend either a breast and cervical (intervention) or diabetes (control) education program, within a randomized plan. Sixty-nine programs (44 intervention; 25 control) were conducted in Arkansas (AR; n = 39) and New York City (NYC; n = 30) with a total of 847 Latino men and women. Telephone follow-up data were collected on 49% of the women who consented to being contacted 2 months postintervention. RESULTS: At the 2-month follow-up call, screening rates were significantly higher for the intervention versus the control group for clinical breast examination (CBE; 48% vs. 31%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.2), breast self-examination (45% vs. 27%; aOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-5.0), and Pap testing (51% vs. 30%; aOR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.1-14.1), but not for mammography (67% vs. 58%; aOR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.1-3.6). The aORs accounted for the significant effects of study site (AR vs. NYC) and marital status. CONCLUSIONS: Esperanza y Vida has the potential to reduce health disparities in breast and cervical cancer morbidity and mortality rates through increasing cancer screening and thereby increasing early detection.","y","Progress in community health partnerships : research, education, and action","Embase","Journal Article","increase breast and cervical screening",2,12,2,"community based participartory approach customised to latino population",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"arkansas and NYC",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T223,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T223,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Formicola, A. J.",2008,"Dental Pipeline Program: a national program linking dental schools with the issue of access to care","The Dental Pipeline Program grew out of work at the Columbia University College of Dental Medicine in the 1990s designed to address access to oral healthcare needs in New York City. Since then the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, and The California Endowment have combined to fund the largest dental education program in history. The Dental Pipeline Program has involved 23 dental schools in two phases. The goal of the program is to address issues of access (a) by providing dental care with volunteers in communities in need, (b) by seeking either full- or part-time positions in community health facilities, and (c) by preparing dentists to be advocates for the needs of the underserved. This is a preliminary report of the types of curricular changes that have been introduced and some promising results in terms of oral health care provided, minority enrollments in dental schools, and expressed intentions to practice in underserved areas.","y","The Journal of the American College of Dentists","Embase","Journal Article","improve access to dental care",2,27,2,"improved access to dental care",3,"philanthropic funding ",8,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T224,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T224,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["De Menezes Succi, R. C.; Figueiredo, E. N.; Dde Carvalho Zanatta, L.; Peixe, M. B.; Rossi, M. B.; Carneiro Vianna, L. A.",2008,"Evaluation of prenatal care at basic health units in the city of Sao Paulo","The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of prenatal care offered in 12 Basic Health Units (BHU) in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, through a review of medical and nurse charts, before and after the municipalization of the public health system. The indicator used considered excellence in care as: starting prenatal care in the first quarter of pregnancy; at least six medical visits; at least two results of blood screening for syphilis and one for HIV; returning to BHU up to 42 days after delivery. This indicator was not present in any care delivered in 2000, and only 7.7% of the care delivered in 2004 obtained it (1.1% to 30% of the care per unit assessed). Although there was an evident improvement in care during the period, the low proportion of excellent prenatal care shows an urgent need to improve this care in the BHU of Sao Paulo city.","y","Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem","Embase","Journal Article","improve the quality of prenatal care",2,40,2,"municipalization of the public health system",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Sao Paulo",182,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T225,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sao Paulo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T225,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSao Paulo",14,2,1]
["Dull, D.; Baird, S. K.; Dulac, J.; Fox, L.",2008,"Improving prophylactic perioperative antibiotic utilization in a hospital system","The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launched the Surgical Infection Prevention Project in 2002. The groups developed performance measures regarding perioperative antibiotic use to prevent surgical site infections. Other organizations have since adopted these measures. Spectrum Health, a not-for-profit health system in western Michigan with seven hospitals, more than 140 service sites, and a 565,000-member health insurance plan, formed an interdisciplinary quality improvement team to meet a goal of 100% adherence at two of its acute care hospitals in the city of Grand Rapids. Eighteen months later, process shifts had been achieved, demonstrating that a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach can result in consistent perioperative antibiotic utilization.","y","Journal for healthcare quality : official publication of the National Association for Healthcare Quality","Embase","Journal Article","improvign prophylactic perioperative antiboitic utlization",2,39,2,"surgical infection control improvement",1,"formed an inerpdiscplinary QI team",2,0,0,"Grand Rapids",81,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T226,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Grand Rapids"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T226,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaGrand Rapids",1,1,0]
["Fernandez, J. B.; Herman, N. G.; Rosenberg, L. R.; Daronch, M.; Moursi, A. M.",2008,"Public-private collaboration to improve oral health status of children enrolled in Head Start in New York City","A comprehensive oral health care program for Head Start children in New York City is described. Head Start is a federally funded pre-school program for low-income families and their children. It provides activities that help children grow mentally, socially, emotionally and physically. In 1994, a public-private partnership was created between New York Administration for Children's Services and New York University College of Dentistry. The program consists of periodic visits to different Head Start centers by a dental team composed of pediatric dentists, residents, hygienists and students. At the center, the team provides diagnostic and preventive services to children and oral health education to children, parents and staff. Referrals are then made to the College of Dentistry or to a community provider for treatment and follow-up. Free transportation is provided between Head Start centers and the college clinic. Over 13 years, 25,000 children have received diagnostic, preventive and treatment services.","y","The New York state dental journal","Embase","Journal Article","improve oral health status",2,27,2,"comprehensive oral health care programme for low income families and children",3,"dental team visits to head start centres.",8,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T227,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T227,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Cerci Neto, A.; Ferreira Filho, O. F.; Bueno, T.; Talhari, M. A.",2008,"Reduction in the number of asthma-related hospital admissions after the implementation of a multidisciplinary asthma control program in the city of Londrina, Brazil. [Portuguese, English]","Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the reduction in the number of asthma-related hospital admissions and the changes occurring after the intervention performed in the health care system of the city of Londrina, Brazil. Methods: In 2003, an intervention was performed in the local health care system (Family Health Clinics). The steps adopted were as follows: development of a protocol based on the III Brazilian Consensus on Asthma Management; access to free inhaled corticosteroids for patients; training of health professionals; and implementation of educational measures, especially for the community. The authorizations for hospital admissions of patients diagnosed with asthma alone between 2002 and 2005 in the city of Londrina were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 14.3 +/- 0.5 years, without gender predominance. The number of hospital admissions fell more markedly in 2005 than in the previous years studied. This decline was more pronounced at the Family Health Clinics where professional training occurred earlier. The post-intervention (2004-2005) rate of asthma-related hospital admissions (120/100,000 inhabitants) was significantly lower than the pre-intervention (2002-2003) rate (178/100,000 inhabitants; p < 0.01). Conclusions: The admission curve showed a tendency toward a reduction after 2003, and, aside from the intervention performed, no other factors that would explain the results obtained were identified. The rate at which the number of hospital admissions decreased was in direct proportion to the length of time elapsed since the intervention (greater decreases over time). We conclude that the intervention performed in the local health care system was responsible for the data presented.","y","Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia","Embase","Journal Article","Asthma Control",2,5,2,"Comprehensive Asthma Control Programme",3,"developed a protocol, access to medicine, trianign and education in the Family Health Clinics",8,0,0,"Londrina (Brazil)",117,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T228,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Londrina"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T228,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilLondrina",14,2,1]
["Kegler, M. C.; Norton, B. L.; Aronson, R. E.",2008,"Strengthening community leadership: evaluation findings from the california healthy cities and communities program","Collaborative approaches to community health improvement such as healthy cities and communities have the potential to strengthen community capacity through leadership development. The healthy cities and communities process orients existing local leadership to new community problem-solving strategies and draws out leadership abilities among residents not previously engaged in civic life. In an evaluation of the California Healthy Cities and Communities (CHCC) Program, leadership development was one of several outcomes assessed at the civic-participation level of the social ecology. Data collection methods included focus groups and surveys, semistructured interviews with coordinators and community leaders, and review of program documents. Findings suggest that the CHCC program enhanced capacity by expanding new leadership opportunities through coalition participation, program implementation, and civic leadership roles related to spin-off organizations and broader collaborative structures. Communities in rural regions were particularly successful in achieving significant leadership outcomes.","y","Health promotion practice","Embase","Journal Article","community health improvement",1,0,2,"community health improvement ",0,"Californian Healthy Cities programme",2,0,0,"Californian cities",35,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T229,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"California"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T229,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USACalifornia",1,1,0]
["Korfmacher, K. S.",2008,"Collaborating for primary prevention: Rochester's new lead law","In December 2005, the City Council of Rochester, New York, passed an amendment to its municipal code requiring inspection for and correction of lead hazards. Local lead poisoning prevention advocates had long recognized the need for stronger lead policy to address Rochester's high rate of childhood lead poisoning. Between 2000 and 2005, a diverse coalition of educators, healthcare professionals, community members, researchers, government officials, and many others worked to develop a strategy for ending childhood lead poisoning in Rochester by 2010. Their experience in defining the issue, mustering resources, and structuring their decision-making processes is informative for other communities seeking to overcome barriers to improved primary prevention policy.","y","Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","Embase","Journal Article","lead poisoning prevention",1,43,2,"municipal code to eliminate lead poisoning",2,"coalition",4,2,0,"Rochester (USA)",174,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T230,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rochester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T230,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaRochester",1,1,0]
["Zuzelo, P. R.; Gettis, C.; Hansell, A. W.; Thomas, L.",2008,"Describing the influence of technologies on registered nurses' work","PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of technologies on registered nurses' (RNs) work. The study examined the characteristics of technologies that encourage or hinder their correct use and identified RNs' concerns when introduced to new or changed technologies. DESIGN: Four focus group sessions were conducted to collect data describing nurses' concerns as they work with technologies during daily practice and make decisions as to how or how not to use technologies. Transcript content was thematically analyzed, and data were organized to reveal major themes, themes, and subthemes. SETTING: The study was conducted at an urban healthcare network in a large northeastern city. Registered nurses employed at 2 institutions within the network, a general acute care hospital and a tertiary care medical center, participated in the group discussions. SAMPLE: Purposively selected RN participants (N = 31) provided direct care to patients on medical-surgical care units, including telemetry units. Participants had a minimum of 1 year of experience and were employed at least 20 hours weekly. METHODS: Focus group discussions followed a preestablished query path and lasted approximately 90 minutes. Food served as an incentive for participation. Informed consent was obtained. Discussions were audiotape recorded. Discussion data were listed on flip charts during group interviews. The principal investigator served as the group moderator, and a clinical nurse specialist coinvestigator facilitated participation and took notes. Debriefing sessions followed each discussion. FINDINGS: Content analysis revealed that technologies enhanced nursing practice by improving direct care processes, patient outcomes, and work environments. Working with inefficient systems of technology delivery, use, and repair created challenges for nurses and physically unfriendly equipment increased the burden of nurses' work. Nurses bypassed problems rather than proactively solving them, occasionally leading to safety breeches. Technologies led to changing nurse role expectations and altered healthcare team dynamics. CONCLUSIONS: Technology-use systems require monitoring and regular evaluation. System gaps create problems that potentially increase error risk and contribute to nurse dissatisfaction. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Certified nurse specialists may be more accustomed to considering and addressing the front-end needs of new and existing technologies, specifically, in introducing the technology into practice. Study findings suggest that gaps develop throughout the life of technology-use systems. Technologies and their use contexts should be regularly examined so that nurses are less inclined to commit work-arounds or breech established safety measures.","y","Clinical nurse specialist CNS","Embase","Journal Article","Nurse productivity",2,40,2,"assessment of technology in nurse practice",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"noreastern city (USA)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T231,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T231,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Larsen, K.; Gilliland, J.",2008,"Mapping the evolution of 'food deserts' in a Canadian city: supermarket accessibility in London, Ontario, 1961-2005","BACKGROUND: A growing body of research suggests that the suburbanization of food retailers in North America and the United Kingdom in recent decades has contributed to the emergence of urban 'food deserts', or disadvantaged areas of cities with relatively poor access to healthy and affordable food. This paper explores the evolution of food deserts in a mid-sized Canadian city (London, Ontario) by using a geographic information system (GIS) to map the precise locations of supermarkets in 1961 and 2005; multiple techniques of network analysis were used to assess changing levels of supermarket access in relation to neighbourhood location, socioeconomic characteristics, and access to public transit. RESULTS: The findings indicate that residents of inner-city neighbourhoods of low socioeconomic status have the poorest access to supermarkets. Furthermore, spatial inequalities in access to supermarkets have increased over time, particularly in the inner-city neighbourhoods of Central and East London, where distinct urban food deserts now exist. CONCLUSION: Contrary to recent findings in larger Canadian cities, we conclude that urban food deserts exist in London, Ontario. Policies aimed at improving public health must also recognize the spatial, as well as socioeconomic, inequities with respect to access to healthy and affordable food. Additional research is necessary to better understand how supermarket access influences dietary behaviours and related health outcomes.","y","International journal of health geographics","Embase","Journal Article","access to healthy food",1,28,2,"Mapiping availability of helathy food",4,"Geographic Information System (GIS)",0,0,0,"London (Ontario, Canada)",116,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T232,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T232,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaLondon",2,1,1]
["Fera, T.; Bluml, B. M.; Ellis, W. M.; Schaller, C. W.; Garrett, D. G.",2008,"The Diabetes Ten City Challenge: interim clinical and humanistic outcomes of a multisite community pharmacy diabetes care program","OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical and humanistic outcomes 1 year after initiating the Diabetes Ten City Challenge (DTCC), a multisite community pharmacy health management program for patients with diabetes. DESIGN: Interim observational analysis of deidentified aggregate data from participating employer clients. SETTING: 29 employers at 10 distinct geographic sites contracting for patient care services with pharmacy providers in the community setting. PARTICIPANTS: 914 patients with diabetes covered by self-insured employers' health plans who received 3 or more months of pharmacist care and had an initial glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) measurement. Community-based pharmacists were trained in a diabetes certificate program and reimbursed for clinical services. INTERVENTIONS: Community-based pharmacists provided patient care services using scheduled consultations, clinical goal setting, a validated patient self-management program tool, and health status monitoring within a collaborative care management model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in key direct and surrogate outcomes, including glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol., blood pressure measurements, and body mass index; influenza vaccinations; foot examinations; eye examinations; numbers of patients with goals for nutrition, exercise, and weight; and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: At initial visit compared with 1 year, mean A1C decreased from 7.6% to 7.2%, mean LDL cholesterol decreased from 96 to 93 mg/dL, and mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 131 to 129 mm Hg. Increases were seen for influenza vaccination rate (from 43% to 61%), eye examination rate (from 60% to 77%), and foot examination rate (from 38% to 68%) for the initial visit to the end of the analysis period. For all patients in DTCC, those who perceived that their overall diabetes care was very good to excellent increased from 39% to 87%. Overall, 97.5% reported being very satisfied or satisfied with the diabetes care provided by pharmacists. CONCLUSION: Employers demonstrated a willingness to offer a voluntary health benefit to employees and their dependents with diabetes that uses pharmacists to help participants achieve self-management goals. Patients participating in the first year of DTCC had measurable improvement in clinical indicators of diabetes management, higher rates of self-management goal setting, and increased satisfaction with diabetes care. Based on results of previous studies, these positive trends are expected to drive a corresponding decline in projected total direct patient medical costs.","y","Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA","Embase","Journal Article","diabetes",2,9,2,"community pharmacy health management programme ",3,"scheduled consultations for those with diabetes in community pharmacies",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T233,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T233,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,2]
["Nykiforuk, C. I. J.; Eyles, J.; Campbell, H. S.",2008,"Smoke-free spaces over time: A policy diffusion study of bylaw development in Alberta and Ontario, Canada","Policy diffusion is a process whereby political bodies 'learn' policy solutions to public health problems by imitating policy from similar jurisdictions. This suggests that diffusion is a critical element in the policy development process, and that its role must be recognised in any examination of policy development. Yet, to date, no systematic work on the diffusion of smoke-free spaces bylaws has been reported. We examined the diffusion of municipal smoke-free bylaws over a 30-year period in the provinces of Alberta and Ontario, Canada, to begin to address this gap and to determine whether spatial patterns could be identified to help explain the nature of policy development. Bylaw adoption and change were analysed within local, regional, and provincial contexts. Geographical models of hierarchical and expansion diffusion in conjunction with the diffusion of innovations framework conceptually guided the analyses. Study findings contribute to a broader understanding of how and why health policies diffuse across time and place. Policy development can be a powerful mechanism for creating environments that support healthy decisions; hence, an understanding of policy diffusion is critical for those interested in policy interventions aimed at improving population health in any jurisdiction. © 2007 The Authors, Journal compilation © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","y","Health and Social Care in the Community","Embase","Journal Article","reducing smoking",1,7,2,"policies for smoke free areas",2,"policy",4,1,0,"Canada (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T234,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T234,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",2,1,0]
["Moore, K. M.; Reddy, V.; Kapell, D.; Balter, S.",2008,"Impact of electronic laboratory reporting on hepatitis a surveillance in New York city","Background: The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) coordinates the administration of timely postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) to contacts of hepatitis A cases, making prompt disease reporting especially valuable. Electronic laboratory reporting (ELR) has been shown to improve timeliness of infectious disease reporting, and DOHMH began receiving hepatitis A reports via ELR in 2002. Objectives: (1) to quantify the increase in the proportion of hepatitis A reports received electronically, (2) to assess how implementation of ELR affected the reporting time of hepatitis A, and (3) to assess how changes in reporting time impacted the ability to offer timely prophylaxis to contacts. Methods: We evaluated the proportion of reports received via ELR and the annual reporting time of all hepatitis A reports and quantified the individuals who received PEP from 2000 to 2006. The specific impact of ELR on laboratory reporting time was assessed for nine laboratories certified as of July 2006. ResultS: The proportion of hepatitis A reports received via ELR increased during the study period to 35 percent in 2006. Electronic laboratory reporting improved the reporting time for most of the laboratories certified to report electronically, with a median decrease of 17 days. In 2006, DOHMH administered PEP to 299 individuals; a fourfold increase from 2000. Conclusions: Electronic laboratory reporting provides timely disease data to health departments. Increased utilization of ELR can have a remarkable impact on public health surveillance and response. Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.","y","Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","Embase","Journal Article","electronic reporting",2,35,2,"electronic reporting of infectious disease",4,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T235,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T235,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Bradley, E.; Hartwig, K. A.; Rowe, L. A.; Cherlin, E. J.; Pashman, J.; Wong, R.; Dentry, T.; Wood, E. W.; Abebe, Y.",2008,"Hospital quality improvement in Ethiopia: A partnership-mentoring model","Background and Objective: Quality improvement efforts are increasingly common in the United States; however, their use in developing countries is limited. We sought to evaluate the impact of a large-scale intervention on several key management indicators through hospital quality improvement efforts. Design: Pre-post-descriptive study of 14 hospitals in Ethiopia. Setting: Six regions and two city administrations in Ethiopia. Participants: Hospital leaders and management mentors in participating hospitals. Intervention: In collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Clinton HIV/AIDS Initiative, we implemented a countrywide quality improvement initiative in which 24 mentors with hospital administration experience were placed for 1 year in Ethiopia to work side-by-side with hospital management teams. We also provided a professional development course to enhance quality improvement skills. Main Outcome Measure(s): Presence of 75 key management indicators; reported management skills of hospital leaders by the mentors. Results: In pre-post analysis, we found improvement in 45 of the 75 (60%) key management indicators between August 2006 and May 2007. The changes reflected a total of 105 management indicators improved across the 14 hospitals, which equates to a per-hospital mean of 7.5 (standard deviation 5.9) improvements. Reported management skills of hospital leaders improved in several management domains, although their reported confidence in these skills remained largely unchanged. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that quality improvement efforts can be effective in improving hospital management in developing countries. Longer follow-up is required to assess the sustainability of the hospital improvements accomplished. © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press in association with the International Society for Quality in Health Care; all rights reserved.","y","International Journal for Quality in Health Care","Embase","Journal Article","Hospital QI",2,39,2,"Mentors placed in hospitals for 1 year ",1,"collaboration between Ministry of Health and Clinton Initiative",8,0,0,"2 cities in Ethiopia",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T236,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T236,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",25,6,1]
["Frieden, T. R.; Bassett, M. T.; Thorpe, L. E.; Farley, T. A.",2008,"Public health in New York City, 2002-2007: Confronting epidemics of the modern era","Long after the leading causes of death in the United States shifted from infectious diseases to chronic diseases, many public health agencies have not established effective policies and programmes to prevent current health problems. Starting in 2002, the New York City health department, an agency with a long history of innovation, undertook initiatives to address chronic disease prevention and control, as well as to modernize methods to address persistent health problems. All the initiatives relied on an expansive use of epidemiology; actions to prevent disease were based on policy change to create health-promoting environments as well as engagement with the health care system to improve its focus on prevention. Examples of policy-based initiatives are: a multi-component tobacco control programme that included a tax increase, a comprehensive smoke-free air law, hard-hitting anti-tobacco advertising and cessation services; elimination of trans fats from restaurants and a mandate that restaurants post-calorie information on menu boards. Examples of health care initiatives are public health 'detailing' to primary care providers, creation of a city-wide diabetes registry and development of a public health-oriented electronic health record. The infrastructure needed by local health departments to prevent chronic diseases and other modern health problems includes strong information technology systems, skilful epidemiology, expertise in communications using modern media, policy-making authority and, most importantly, political support. © The Author 2008; all rights reserved.","y","International Journal of Epidemiology","Embase","Journal Article","public health",1,50,2,"numerous activites to improve public health",7,"DoHMC",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T237,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T237,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Stern, R.; Green, J.",2008,"A seat at the table? A study of community participation in two healthy cities projects","Achieving community participation has become a statutory obligation for many national and local governments, building on the optimism about the possible benefits to partnerships. However, there have been substantial critiques of the limited gains made in increasing the levels and outcomes of community participation. This paper explores the role of meetings in shaping the contribution of communities to two Healthy Cities programmes. Meetings are the key site at which partnership work visibly happens, and how they are managed shapes the outcomes of partnership programmes. We argue that by offering 'a seat at the table' to community partners, but controlling the form and content of meetings, statutory authorities elide the structural imbalance between contributing participants, but make possible the incremental shifts that do offer some possibility of change, at least at the margins.","y","Critical Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"community participation to improve health",0,"community participation",2,0,0,"2 cities (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T238,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T238,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Lucas, B.; Small, N.; Greasley, P.; Daley, A.",2008,"A reassuring presence: An evaluation of Bradford District Hospice at Home service","Background. Within the United Kingdom, a developing role for primary care services in cancer and palliative care has resulted in an increase in palliative home care teams. The provision of professional care in the home setting seeks to provide necessary services and enhanced choice for patients whose preference is to die at home. A mismatch between patient preference for home death and the actual number of people who died at home was identified within Bradford, the locality of this study. In response to this mismatch, and reflecting the policy environment of wishing to enhance community service provision, the four Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) in the city sought to offer support to patients who wished to remain in their own homes through the final stages of a terminal illness. To offer this support they set up a dedicated hospice at home team. This would provide services and support for patients in achieving a dignified, symptom free and peaceful death, allowing families to maximise time spent together. The aim of the study was to evaluate the Bradford hospice at home service from the perspective of carers, nurses and General Practitioners. Methods. Postal questionnaires were sent to carers (n = 289), district nurses (n = 508) and GP's (n = 444) using Bradford's hospice at home service. Resulting quantitative data was analysed using the Statical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and qualitative data was analysed using grounded theory techniques. Results. The data from carers, district nurses and GPs provide general support for the Bradford hospice at home service. Carers valued highly the opportunity to 'fulfil a promise' to the individual who wished to be cared for at home. District nurses and GPs cited the positive impact of access to specialist expertise. This was a 'reassuring presence' for primary healthcare teams and offered 'relief of carer anxiety' by providing prompt, accessible and sensitive care. Conclusion. Carers and health professionals welcomed the increased possibility of patients being cared for at home. The study identified the need to focus on improving skill levels of staff and on ensuring continuity of care. © 2008 Lucas et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.","y","BMC Palliative Care","Embase","Journal Article","improve end of life care",2,45,2,"hospice at home service",3,"commissioned additional service",6,0,0,"Bradford (UK)",25,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T239,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Bradford"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T239,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandBradford",3,3,1]
["Bleakley, A.; Merzel, C.; Messeri, P.; Gift, T.; Kevin Malotte, C.; Middlestadt, S.; VanDevanter, N.",2008,"Check out that body: A community awareness campaign in New York City","The authors evaluate the effectiveness of the small media campaign in raising community awareness about the importance of going for a health check up. Data were collected over time from 535 respondents ages 15-30 years using cross-sectional surveys in two low-income, predominantly African-American communities in New York city. Regression analyses indicated campaign material recognition at 15 months was significantly higher in the intervention community relative to the comparison community. There were no significant changes in social norms, attitudes, or beliefs. Media campaigns aimed at adolescents and young adults on a community-wide level are an effective means of gaining material recognition. Editors' Strategic Implications: This research illustrates the effect of a public health media campaign on awareness, but it also serves as a reminder to public health officials that awareness is not necessarily sufficient to promote attitudinal or behavioral health changes. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","y","Journal of Primary Prevention","Embase","Journal Article","increase health check   ",1,0,2,"community awareness campaign",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T240,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T240,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Zakroyeva, A.; Goldberg, D.; Gask, L.; Leese, M.",2008,"Training Russian family physicians in mental health skills","Objective: This paper describes the setting up of training for family physicians in mental health skills, with the results obtained for the first 75 doctors who attended the course, in the city of Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation. Methods: Instruction was by lectures, discussion groups, and role-plays, initially using the World Psychiatric Association's (WPA) training materials on mental health skills for general medical practitioners, dubbed into Russian. This represented the first time that formal teaching on depression and unexplained somatic symptoms (USS) had been offered to these doctors. Teaching was initially by English teachers, but is now led by a Russian family physician using videotaped recordings of local doctors speaking in Russian. All doctors were tested for both knowledge and clinical practice before the course and 3 months after the course was completed. Results: Older doctors started the course from a lower knowledge base than younger doctors, but acquired more knowledge. Theoretical knowledge of both depression and USS increased dramatically, and great changes occurred in the way that these patients are managed. Conclusion: Mental health skills training has been provided to Russian family physicians with a positive impact on theoretical knowledge and self-reported management. The course has now been expanded, and more Russian teachers are involved.","y","European Journal of General Practice","EmbUI - 2008333780","Journal Article","improving mental health identification and treatment in primary care",2,25,2,"training in mental health skills",1,"lectures, discussion groups and role play",0,0,0,"Ekaterinburg (Russia)",67,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T241,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Yekaterinburg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T241,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"russia"},"russiaYekaterinburg",47,3,1]
["Ulukanligil, M.",2008,"School-based deworming programme in Sanliurfa, Turkey: Changing from externally funding phase to self-sufficient phase","In Sanliurfa, Turkey, externally funded temporary deworming activities have led to an internally funded self-sufficient programme in 2004-05 academic year. A total of 200 000 doses of mebendazole were distributed to schoolchildren, absentee children and small children and women through both schools and health centres. We interviewed 64 representative teachers, 82 administrative teachers, 112 schoolchildren and 108 parents using questionnaires, department interviews and focus groups discussions. We also collected 162 stool samples from third- and fourth-grade schoolchildren and examined them using the Kato-Katz technique. The evaluation of second year's of deworming program indicated that the programme's methodology of training representative teachers to play a major role in organizing the activities within schools and liaising with health staff was found to be successful by most of the teachers. The results showed that 85.2% of the women had benefited from the extended anthelmintic coverage. A total of 67.4% of them received the drugs from schools and 10.9% obtained them from health centres. The prevalence of helmintic infection had declined from 77 to 35% in shantytown schoolchildren and from 53 to 6.4% in apartment schoolchildren. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura decreased from 63.2 to 17% and from 16.8 to 1.1%, respectively, in schoolchildren. The results also indicated that 53.5% of the schoolchildren changed over to clean habits and began to use soap after using the toilet. The evaluation of the second year's deworming programme showed that the programme was sustainable and there was no risk of the programme being discontinued. Political commitment was obtained from the local business community, academic sector, the local governmental administrations and the city municipality. These organizations realized the programme's rapid and clear benefits and collaborated in a multipartners' programme. The cost of treatment per child was $0.05 and in total $11 000 was sufficient to implement a broad-range programme including education of children about cleanliness and treatment of infection to improve their health. © The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.","y","Journal of Tropical Pediatrics","Embase","Journal Article","worms in school children",2,49,2,"deworming programme",3,"multipartner programme",8,0,0,"Sanliurfa (Turkey)",183,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T242,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sanliurfa"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T242,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"turkey"},"turkeySanliurfa",57,3,1]
["Thompson, B. K.; Peck, M.; Brandert, K. T.",2008,"Integrating preconception health into public health practice: A tale of three cities","In 2006, the national Select Panel on Preconception Care published a set of 10 recommendations on how to improve preconception health and healthcare in the United States. Since then, CDC has been engaged in efforts to ensure that those recommendations are implemented. To help translate the national recommendations into action at the local level, CDC funded CityMatCH, a national maternal and child health organization representing urban health departments, to coordinate a practice collaborative. Beginning in October 2006, multidisciplinary teams from Hartford, Connecticut, Nashville, Tennessee, and Los Angeles County, California, have engaged in the CityMatCH Urban Practice Collaborative on Preconception Health. The CityMatCH practice collaborative process includes team building and leadership development, community assessment, identification of strategies, and action planning around those strategies. The Hartford team's strategies are broad - conducting a scan of preconception health-related activity in Hartford and promoting public policy - and intended for building awareness of preconception health and healthcare among multiple audiences while strengthening the systems necessary to provide women's services. The Nashville team has focused on sickle cell trait as a point of entry into preconception care for women of reproductive age and has developed strategies involving extensive collaboration, a public awareness campaign, and data gathering. The Los Angeles County, California, team is strengthening and more explicitly connecting work related to preconception health that was already being performed in the public sector and the community. This paper describes the collaborative process designed by CityMatCH and highlights the three participating teams' experiences in implementing the national recommendations at the local urban level. © 2008 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","y","Journal of Women's Health","Embase","Journal Article","improved preconception health and healthcare",1,47,2,"preconception health",1,"national fundign supporting a collaborative approach. ",8,2,0,"Hartford (Connecticut), Nashville (Tennessee) and Los Angeles (California) all USA",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T243,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T243,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Kegler, M. C.; Norton, B. L.; Aronson, R.",2008,"Achieving organizational change: Findings from case studies of 20 California healthy cities and communities coalitions","As part of an evaluation of the California Healthy Cities and Communities (CHCC) Program, we assessed the extent to which coalitions implementing the healthy cities and communities model demonstrated capacity to leverage financial resources, expand programs and influence organizational policies. The evaluation design was a multiple case study of 20 participating communities with cross-case analysis. Participating communities spanned the state's diverse geographic regions and ranged from remote areas within rural counties to neighborhoods within large cities. Data included: semi-structured interviews with coordinators and community leaders, focus groups with coalition members and document review. Many CHCC coalitions were able to leverage significant financial resources across a diverse array of funding sources, including federal, state, county and city governments. In addition, all CHCC coalitions developed at least one new program, most commonly focused on youth development, civic capacity-building or lifelong learning. Changes in policies, reported by 19 of the 20 coalitions, were consistent with healthy cities and communities principles and were implemented in community-based organizations, county and city governments, and school districts. Typical changes included an increased willingness to collaborate, increased emphasis on engaging diverse parts of the community, greater responsiveness to community needs and more opportunities for resident input into decision-making. Our findings suggest the healthy cities and communities model has the potential to strengthen the organizational infrastructure of communities to promote health. © The Author (2008). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.","y","Health Promotion International","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"California Helathy Cities and Communities (CHCC)",0,"coalition",2,0,0,"California Cities",35,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T244,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"California"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T244,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USACalifornia",1,1,0]
["Huang, H.; Ye, X.; Cai, Y.; Shen, L.; Xu, G.; Shi, R.; Jin, X.",2008,"Study on peer-led school-based HIV/AIDS prevention among youths in a medium-sized city in China","HIV/AIDS epidemic is crucial in China; however, few studies were performed on youths. This study was performed to examine the effectiveness of peer-led HIV prevention intervention on HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour intention in senior high-school students in San-ming, a medium-sized city in Fujian province. Three thousand and sixty-eight students completed self-administered questionnaires before and after intervention, of which 981 students (the intervention group) accepted peer-led HIV/AIDS prevention intervention and others (the control groups) continued the usual teacher-led health education curriculum. Significant increases were observed in the intervention group in HIV-related knowledge, in attitudes and in behaviour intention after intervention. The results of this research also indicated an inconsistent level of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude among students, with a significant gender, health education history and style difference in session delivery. More concerted efforts in HIV prevention are needed to improve young people's sexual health.","y","International Journal of STD and AIDS","Embase","Journal Article","HIV/AIDs prevention",1,2,1,"school based peer led HiV prevention intervention",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"San-ming (Fujian province, China)",184,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T245,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sanming"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T245,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaSanming",5,4,1]
["Leighton, Y.; Clegg, A.; Bee, A.",2008,"Evaluation of community matron services in a large metropolitan city in England","Investment in community matron service development is an important feature of health policy in the UK, and underpins a national strategy to improve care for people with long-term conditions. These new services are under pressure to demonstrate added value in terms of patient experience and a reduction in unplanned hospital bed usage. The focus of this article is an evaluation of community matron services in a large primary care trust. The results of this city-wide service evaluation demonstrated high levels of patient and general practitioner (GP) satisfaction with community matron services. The themes identified by patients and GPs included improved communications and co-ordination of services. In addition to this, patients and carers commented on increased levels of confidence as a result of responsive and accessible services, as well as a perception that there was a reduction in unnecessary hospital admissions. © 2008 Radcliffe Publishing.","y","Quality in Primary Care","Embase","Journal Article","improve care for those with long term condition",2,38,2,"Community matron servcie",3,"commissioned service",6,0,0,"large city in UK",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T246,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T246,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",3,3,1]
["Cesaroni, G.; Forastiere, F.; Agabiti, N.; Valente, P.; Zuccaro, P.; Perucci, C. A.",2008,"Effect of the Italian smoking ban on population rates of acute coronary events","BACKGROUND - Several countries in the world have not yet prohibited smoking in public places. Few studies have been conducted on the effects of smoking bans on cardiac health. We evaluated changes in the frequency of acute coronary events in Rome, Italy, after the introduction of legislation that banned smoking in all indoor public places in January 2005. METHODS AND RESULTS - We analyzed acute coronary events (out-of-hospital deaths and hospital admissions) between 2000 and 2005 in city residents 35 to 84 years of age. We computed annual standardized rates and estimated rate ratios by comparing the data from prelegislation (2000-2004) and postlegislation (2005) periods. We took into account several time-related potential confounders, including particulate matter (PM10) air pollution, temperature, influenza epidemics, time trends, and total hospitalization rates. The reduction in acute coronary events was statistically significant in 35- to 64-year-olds (11.2%, 95% CI 6.9% to 15.3%) and in 65- to 74-year-olds (7.9%, 95% CI 3.4% to 12.2%) after the smoking ban. No evidence was found of an effect among the very elderly. The reduction tended to be greater in men and among lower socioeconomic groups. CONCLUSIONS - We found a statistically significant reduction in acute coronary events in the adult population after the smoking ban. The size of the effect was consistent with the pollution reduction observed in indoor public places and with the known health effects of passive smoking. The results affirm that public interventions that prohibit smoking can have enormous public health implications. © 2008 American Heart Association, Inc.","y","Circulation","Embase","Journal Article","reducing smoking",1,7,2,"legislation to ban smoking in all indoor public places",2,"not stated",4,0,0,"Rome",175,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T247,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rome"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T247,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"italy"},"italyRome",34,3,2]
["Michener, J. L.; Yaggy, S.; Lyn, M.; Warburton, S.; Champagne, M.; Black, M.; Cuffe, M.; Califf, R.; Gilliss, C.; Williams, R. S.; Dzau, V. J.",2008,"Improving the health of the community: Duke's experience with community engagement","Evidence is accumulating that the United States is falling behind in its potential to translate biomedical advances into practical applications for the population. Societal forces, increased awareness of health disparities, and the direction of clinical and translational research are producing a compelling case for AHCs to bridge the gaps between scientific knowledge and medical advancement and between medical advancement and health. The Duke University Health System, the city and county of Durham, North Carolina, and multiple local nonprofit and civic organizations are actively engaged in addressing this need. More than a decade ago, Duke and its community partners began collaborating on projects to meet specific, locally defined community health needs. In 2005, Duke and Durham jointly developed a set of Principles of Community Engagement reflecting the key elements of the partnership and crafted an educational infrastructure to train health professionals in the principles and practice of community engagement. And, most recently, Duke has worked to establish the Duke Translational Medicine Institute, funded in part by a National Institutes of Health Clinical Translational Science Award, to improve health through innovative behavioral, social, and medical knowledge, matched with community engagement and the information sciences. © 2008 Association of American Medical Colleges.","y","Academic Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","improved health",1,0,2,"translating biomedical advances into applications for the benefit of population health",0,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Durham (North Carolina, USA)",65,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T248,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Durham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T248,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaDurham",1,1,0]
["Pumtong, S.; Boardman, H. F.; Anderson, C. W.",2008,"Pharmacists' perspectives on the Pharmacy First Minor Ailments Scheme","Objective: To investigate pharmacists' perspectives about the acceptability of the Pharmacy First Minor Ailments Scheme and barriers to the use of the scheme as well as to determine potential improvements to the scheme. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 pharmacists between November 2004 and March 2005. Setting: Community pharmacies within Nottingham City Primary Care Trust (PCT). Key findings: The study has demonstrated that the Pharmacy First Minor Ailments Scheme was well received by the majority of pharmacists and they were positive about the benefits of the scheme to both patients and healthcare professionals, despite raising some problems. Our findings highlighted a number of important issues that might be barriers to running the minor ailments scheme, including the quantity of paperwork involved, the lack of privacy in a pharmacy, and the restrictive nature of the formulary and protocols of the scheme. Conclusion: The Pharmacy First Minor Ailments Scheme has been developed and implemented as part of Nottingham City PCTs strategy to improve access to primary care. Findings show that the majority of the pharmacists were positive about the scheme. It can be seen as a way of improving patient access to medicines and advice as well as choice in primary care. In other countries, health policy makers may consider such a scheme if it would fit their healthcare system. © 2008 The Authors.","y","International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","Embase","Journal Article","pharmacist first demand management",2,38,2,"pharmacy minor ailments scheme",3,"commissioned",6,0,0,"Nottingham (UK)",148,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T249,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nottingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T249,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandNottingham",3,3,1]
["Bobrow, B. J.; Clark, L. L.; Ewy, G. A.; Chikani, V.; Sanders, A. B.; Berg, R. A.; Richman, P. B.; Kern, K. B.",2008,"Minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation by emergency medical services for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","Context: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a major public health problem. Objective: To investigate whether the survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest would improve with minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation (MICR), an alternate emergency medical services (EMS) protocol. Design, Setting, and Patients: A prospective study of survival-to-hospital discharge between January 1, 2005, and November 22, 2007. Patients with out-ofhospital cardiac arrests in 2 metropolitan cities in Arizona before and after MICR training of fire department emergency medical personnel were assessed. In a second analysis of protocol compliance, patients from the 2 metropolitan cities and 60 additional fire departments in Arizona who actually received MICR were compared with patients who did not receive MICR but received standard advanced life support. Intervention: Instruction for EMS personnel in MICR, an approach that includes an initial series of 200 uninterrupted chest compressions, rhythm analysis with a single shock, 200 immediate postshock chest compressions before pulse check or rhythm reanalysis, early administration of epinephrine, and delayed endotracheal intubation. Main Outcome Measure: Survival-to-hospital discharge. Results: Among the 886 patients in the 2 metropolitan cities, survival-to-hospital discharge increased from 1.8% (4/218) before MICR training to 5.4% (36/668) after MICR training (odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-8.9). In the subgroup of 174 patients with witnessed cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation, survival increased from 4.7% (2/43) before MICR training to 17.6% (23/131) after MICR training (OR, 8.6; 95% CI, 1.8-42.0). In the analysis of MICR protocol compliance involving 2460 patients with cardiac arrest, survival was significantly better among patients who received MICR than those who did not (9.1% [60/661] vs 3.8% [69/ 1799]; OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.9-4.1), as well as patients with witnessed ventricular fibrillation (28.4% [40/141] vs 11.9% [46/387]; OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.0-5.8). Conclusions: Survival-to-hospital discharge of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest increased after implementation of MICR as an alternate EMS protocol. These results need to be confirmed in a randomized trial. ©2008 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.","y","JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association","Embase","Journal Article","improved out of hospital cardia arrest survival",2,30,2,"changed pathway / protocol of care",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"2 cities in Arizona (USA)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T250,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T250,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,2]
["Capponi, L.; Waldron, J.; Mackle, K.",2008,"Building and deploying a patient registry to measure and improve patient care","Objective: In the United States 7 out of every 10 deaths are caused by chronic diseases. New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) is attempting to address this issue through adopton of the Chronic Care Model, including promoting improved compliance with evidence-based best practice through the use of a Patient Registry. The purpose of a patient registry is to (i) Provide a disease specific view of patient data at the point of care; (ii) Remind providers to follow up with patients not receiving care consistent with best practice; (iii) Identify at-risk subpopulations who would benefit from additional intervention; (iv) Provide population-based statistics and compare patient outcomes on a care team basis. Setting: The Patient Registry has been developed for physicians and patients in New York but is equally applicable to any other city. Methods: The Registry was developed as an iterative process with continuous clinician input in its development. It is populated with clinical data imported from the HHC data warehouse. Differences in data definitions between different systems was addressed using a \"data mapping\" process to normalise data elements across systems. Features of the HHC Patient Registry include (i) Integration with clinical data warehouses to populate the registry with key clinical indicators; (ii) Management of patient populations, grouped by care team; (iii) Advanced search capabilities to identify sub-populations; (iv) Customised views of patients' disease- specific measures; (v) Performance indicators to track patients not meeting targets. Results: The Registry was deployed across HHC in mid-2005 and over a 1 year period the number of physicians using the system and the number of patients registered has roughly trebled. As of November 2006, the Patient Registry contained 40,823 patients from 20 facilities. These patients are distributed across 624 care teams, with an average of 95 patients per team. Conclusion: The developed Patient Registry has been implemented and well accepted. The registry will enables physicians to track patient outcomes and deliver timely, evidence-based care. It is expected that active use of the registry will result in better health outcomes. Collection of data to demonstrate this benefit is currently in progress. © The Journal on Information Technology in Healthcare.","y","Journal on Information Technology in Healthcare","Embase","Journal Article","improve patient care",2,39,2,"patient registry to improve compliance with evidence best practice healthcare",4,"NYC Health and Hospital Corporation (HCC)",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T251,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T251,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Hegerl, U.; Wittmann, M.; Arensman, E.; van Audenhove, C.; Bouleau, J. H.; van der Feltz-Cornelis, C.; Gusmao, R.; Kopp, M.; Lohr, C.; Maxwell, M.; Meise, U.; Mirjanic, M.; Oskarsson, H.; Sola, V. P.; Pull, C.; Pycha, R.; Ricka, R.; Tuulari, J.; Varnik, A.; Pfeiffer-Gerschel, T.",2008,"The 'European Alliance Against Depression (EAAD)': A multifaceted, community-based action programme against depression and suicidality","Action programmes fostering partnerships and bringing together regional and national authorities to promote the care of depressed patients are urgently needed. In 2001 the 'Nuremberg Alliance Against Depression' was initiated as a community-based model project within the large-scale 'German Research Network on Depression and Suicidality' (Kompetenznetz 'Depression, Suizidalitat'). The 'Nuremberg Alliance Against Depression' was an action programme, conducted in the city of Nuremberg (500,000 inhabitants) in 2001/2002, addressing four intervention levels (Hegerl et al. Psychol Med 2006;36:1225). Based on the positive results of the Nuremberg project (a significant reduction of suicidal behaviour by more than 20%) 18 international partners representing 16 different European countries established the 'European Alliance Against Depression' (EAAD) in 2004. Based on the four-level approach of the Nuremberg project, all regional partners initiated respective regional intervention programmes addressing depression and suicidality. Evaluation of the activities takes place on regional and international levels. This paper gives a brief overview of the background for and experiences with the EAAD. It describes the components of the programme, provides the rationale for the intervention and outlines the current status of the project. The aim of the paper is to disseminate information about the programme's potential to reduce suicidal behaviour and to provide examples of how European community-based 'best practice' models for improving the care of depressed patients and suicidal persons can be implemented using a bottom-up approach. EAAD is mentioned by the European commission as a best practice example within the Green Paper 'Improving the mental health of the population: Towards a strategy on mental health for the European Union' (European Commission 2005).","y","World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","Embase","Journal Article","improve care for depression",2,25,2,"mulifaceted commonity based programme",0,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Nuremberg (5ook population)",150,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T252,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nuremberg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T252,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyNuremberg",28,3,1]
["Carriere, G. L.",2008,"Linking women to health and wellness: Street Outreach takes a population health approach","In a small city (population 86,000) situated in the Interior Health Authority, one of six health authorities in British Columbia, Canada, a local Public Health Street Outreach program was challenged with addressing the increasing complexities of individuals and families affected by substance use, poverty, mental illness, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and homelessness. The individual health service delivery model currently used to provide care in the community, limited and impeded prevention and health promotion activities by nurses working with these populations. Changing to a client centred population health approach instead of the individual service approach gave Street Outreach nurses greater flexibility so that they were able to more effectively engage with clients, families, and other service providers regarding health related issues. The strategies that were developed to use a client centered population health approach entailed: (1) a compilation of health and related information of a specific client group (vulnerable, disenfranchised women); (2) a community based health conference for the specific client group and (3) resource development and knowledge translation to increase the education and awareness of health and social services providers as well as the community at large. All strategies were developed with particular attention to the World Health Organization (WHO) health determinants. Implementation of these strategies resulted in the building of capacity within the specific target group and their families, other health and service providers and the community at large. Crown Copyright © 2008.","y","International Journal of Drug Policy","Embase","Journal Article","health ",1,0,2,"integrated street outreach for sustance use, poverty, mental illness, infectious diseases and homelessness",3,"Health Authority",5,0,0,"small city (not stated), British Columbia, Canada (population 86,000)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T253,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T253,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",2,1,0]
["Ignotti, E.; De Oliveira, B. F. A.; Hartwig, S.; De Oliveira, H. C.; Scatena, J. H. G.",2007,"Analysis of the Tuberculosis Control Program in the city of Caceres, Brazil, prior to and after the implementation of a Family Health Program. [Portuguese, English]","Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of the Tuberculosis Control Program, in conjunction with the recently incorporated Family Health Program, in the city of Caceres, Brazil, between 1999 and 2004. Methods: This was a descriptive epidemiological study, based on the registry of tuberculosis cases diagnosed and treated in Caceres, according to the characteristics of the cases diagnosed, whether or not the protocol for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of patients was followed, as well as the type of health care facility involved. Results: The incidence of tuberculosis was reduced from 99.4 to 49.8 (per 100,000 inhabitants) between 1999 and 2004. The patients presented characteristics similar to those of patients from other regions of Brazil, with a predominance of males during their most economically productive years. Among the patients presenting pulmonary forms and treated via the Family Health Program, there was a reduction in the number of sputum smear microscopies performed at the moment of diagnosis (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.16-0.66) and prior to discharge (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.18-0.59). The patients monitored via the Family Health Program presented a 16.4% lower cure rate than did those treated at the referral center, as well as being more likely to abandon treatment (OR = 2.93; 95% CI: 1.15-7.46) and to die (OR = 5.71; 95% CI: 1.85-18.1). Conclusion: The decentralization of the treatment services to the family health clinics did not improve the treatment or monitoring of tuberculosis cases in the city of Caceres.","y","Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia","Embase","Journal Article","TB control",2,34,1,"decentralised treatment through implemenation of Family Health Program (FHP)",3,"Family Health Programme",8,0,0,"Ceceres (Brazil)",43,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T254,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Caceres"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T254,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilCaceres",14,2,2]
["Bowen, C.",2007,"Health impact assessments in London: assessing the London Mayoral strategies","Between 2001 and 2003 the London Health Commission undertook health impact assessments (HIAs) on a series of strategies developed by the Greater London Authority and the mayor of London. The HIAs were rapid, each involving a literature review and a participant workshop. In all cases the reports made a series of recommendations that were given to the mayor. The HIAs led to changes and ensured that health and health inequalities were given due consideration as part of the strategy development process.","y","New South Wales public health bulletin","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Health Impact Assessments",0,"not stated",1,0,1,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T255,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T255,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,1]
["Howe, R. T.",2007,"Developing a national approach to building healthy and sustainable cities","Effective strategies to build a national approach to the integration of health and urban planning at all levels of government is essential if the health problems of urban Australians, such as obesity and respiratory illnesses, are to improve. This paper examines some policies and initiatives that could facilitate intergovernment cooperation on health and sustainability within the constraints of Australia's federal government system. These include recommendations for an Australian Sustainability Commission and Charter of Sustainability, evaluations of the Better Cities Program of the 1990s, and current proposals for improving urban governance to enable the implementation of a healthy and sustainable cities agenda.","y","New South Wales public health bulletin","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,50,2,"integration of health and urban planning",2,"policy",1,0,0,"not stated (Australia0",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T256,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T256,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",9,5,0]
["McMichael, A. J.",2007,"Will considerations of environmental sustainability revitalise the policy links between the urban environment and health?","This paper explores when and how considerations of population health have influenced the creation, planning and management of cities. Cities--now the dominant human habitat--must be planned and managed sustainably in a world that is manifestly experiencing increasing environmental and social strains. Early industrialisation entailed crowding, squalor and industrial environmental blight; the two great associated public health hazards were infectious diseases and air pollution. These hazards have been largely controlled in rich countries. Today's main urban health hazards are obesity (with its life-shortening health consequences) and the huge contribution of cities to climate change with the resultant risks to population health. These and other health issues in urban environments need to be understood and addressed at the community or population level. This is an ecological challenge, crucial to attaining real sustainability.","y","New South Wales public health bulletin","EmbasUI - 17601402","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"health and urban planning",2,"policy",1,0,0,"not stated  ",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T257,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T257,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Goepel, E.",2007,"Development of Healthy Cities networks in Europe","The Healthy Cities network in Europe was inspired by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion when it was launched in 1987. The networking process was initiated by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, but developed its own dynamics in different European countries during a time marked by fundamental political transformations in many of the countries of Eastern Europe. The networks then connected with the 'Local Agenda 21' and the 'Sustainable Cities and Towns Campaign' to create a new and broader programmatic agenda at the local level. In particular, the ''Aalborg plus 10 - commitments\"--of local governments in 2004 have the potential to inspire a new phase of participatory and sustainable policies at the level of local communities in Europe. However, the extent to which these initiatives will influence the macro-politics of the European Union towards a proclaimed \"Europe of Citizens\" remains to be watched carefully during the coming years.","y","Promotion & education","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy Cities network",0,"policy and collaboration",9,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T258,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T258,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Collie-Akers, V. L.; Fawcett, S. B.; Schultz, J. A.; Carson, V.; Cyprus, J.; Pierle, J. E.",2007,"Analyzing a community-based coalition's efforts to reduce health disparities and the risk for chronic disease in Kansas City, Missouri","BACKGROUND: Although it is well known that racial and ethnic minorities in the United States have a higher prevalence of chronic diseases and a higher rate of related deaths than the overall U.S. population, less is understood about how to create conditions that will reduce these disparities. CONTEXT: We examined the effectiveness of a collaborative community initiative--the Kansas City-Chronic Disease Coalition--as a catalyst for community changes designed to reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes among African Americans and Hispanics in Kansas City, Missouri. METHODS: Using an empirical case study design, we documented and analyzed community changes (i.e., new or modified programs, policies, or practices) facilitated by the coalition, information that may be useful later in determining the extent to which these changes may contribute to a reduced risk for adverse health outcomes among members of the target population. We also used interviews with key partners to identify factors that may be critical to the coalition's success. RESULTS: We found that the coalition facilitated 321 community changes from October 2001 through December 2004. Of these changes, 75% were designed to reduce residents' risk for both cardiovascular disease and diabetes, 56% targeted primarily African Americans, and 56% were ongoing. The most common of several strategies was to provide health-related information to or enhance the health-related skills of residents (38%). CONCLUSION: Results suggest that the coalition's actions were responsible for numerous community changes and that certain factors such as hiring community mobilizers and providing financial support to nontraditional partners may have accelerated the rate at which these changes were made. In addition, our analysis of the distribution of changes by various parameters (e.g., by goal, target population, and duration) may be useful in predicting future population-level health improvement.","y","Preventing chronic disease","Embase","Journal Article","reducing health disparities",1,50,2,"Kansas City Chronic Disease Coalition",0,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Kansas (Missouri) (USA)",101,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T259,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kansas City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T259,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaKansas City",1,1,1]
["Gould, D. A.; Lynn, J.; Halper, D.; Myers, S. K.; Simon, L.; Holmes, H.",2007,"The New York City Palliative Care Quality Improvement Collaborative","BACKGROUND: Care for persons living with fatal chronic conditions is expensive and challenging, and can be unreliable. A quality improvement collaborative was conducted to develop capacity among health care providers in a single geographic area-New York City-to apply quality improvement methodology to palliative care services.. METHODS: The Palliative Care Quality Improvement Collaborative (PC-QuIC) modified the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Breakthrough Series model by delivering four year-long implementation cycles, with 18-24 teams in each wave and 82 teams overall. RESULTS: Substantial improvements were noted in most of the team projects (advance care planning, pain, family support, coordination of care), and substantial gains were made in familiarity with continuous quality improvement (CQI) techniques and in building palliative care programs and networks. DISCUSSION: Collaborative rapid-cycle QI projects in a limited geographic area can be efficient in building and sustaining improved care for persons nearing the end of their lives, especially when the work involves the broad range of organizations that care for this patient population. PC-QuIC's experience illustrates the growing strength of palliative care services, but also demonstrates the challenges that confront further refinement and expansion of high-quality palliative care.","y","Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety / Joint Commission Resources","Embase","Journal Article","improve palliative care",2,45,2,"QI collaborative and rapid cycle improvements",3,"collaborative",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T260,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T260,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Nguyen, T. Q.; Thorpe, L.; Makki, H. A.; Mostashari, F.",2007,"Benefits and barriers to electronic laboratory results reporting for notifiable diseases: the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene experience","OBJECTIVES: Despite national support for electronic laboratory reporting (ELR), the transition from paper to electronic reporting has been slow both nationally and locally. We assessed the ELR experience of New York City's surveillance programs to identify barriers to ELR implementation and generalizable lessons about automated electronic notifiable disease surveillance. METHODS: We conducted interviews with key staff of the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene to evaluate ELR implementation. A review of paper and ELR disease reports enabled a comparison of the reporting systems. RESULTS: The completeness and timeliness of ELR were similar to, and sometimes better than, paper reporting for certain diseases. Incorporating electronic data into surveillance databases created new problems with data quality, shifted work demands, and required additional skills for data monitoring. ELR improved the handling of high-volume and time-sensitive diseases but did not completely automate reporting for diseases that required complicated assessments by staff. CONCLUSIONS: Although ELR streamlines data processing, electronic reporting has its own limitations. A more successful use of ELR can be achieved by understanding its strengths and limitations for different disease types.","y","American journal of public health","Embase","Journal Article","improving disease reporting and management",2,35,2,"electronic laboratory reporting",3,"DOHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T261,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T261,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Anonymous",2007,"Decline in smoking prevalence--New York City, 2002-2006","In 2002, after a decade with no decrease in smoking prevalence, New York City began implementation of a five-point tobacco-control program consisting of increased taxation in 2002, establishment of smoke-free workplaces in 2003, public and health-care--provider education, cessation services, and rigorous evaluation, including annual cross-sectional, citywide telephone surveys using the same measures as CDC's state-based Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). During 2002-2004, estimated adult smoking prevalence decreased from 21.5% to 18.4%, representing nearly 200,000 fewer smokers. However, in 2005, no change in adult smoking prevalence occurred, either among New York City residents overall or among demographic subpopulations. In 2006, to further reduce smoking in New York City, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) implemented an extensive, television-based anti-tobacco media campaign using graphic imagery of the health effects of smoking; the campaign aired simultaneously with a large New York state anti-tobacco media campaign. This report describes the two campaigns and analyzes citywide survey data before and after the campaigns. In 2006, during the first year of the media campaigns, adult smoking prevalence decreased significantly among men (11.6% decrease) and among Hispanics (15.2% decrease). These findings confirm the importance of comprehensive tobacco-control programs and suggest that this intensive, broad-based media campaign has reduced smoking prevalence among certain subgroups.","y","Mmwr","Embase","Journal Article","reducing smoking",1,7,2,"tobacco control programme",7,"DOHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T262,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T262,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},{"$f":"+V262&U262","v":"usaNew York City"},1,1,2]
["Govinda, K. R.; Vijayakumaran, P.; Krishnamurthy, P.; Bevanur, M. S.",2007,"Effective participation of TB sanatoria in Revised National TB Control Programme (DOTS) in a metropolitan city","BACKGROUND: Revised National TB Control Programme has been implemented since 1998 in Bangalore metropolitan city which has several big general hospitals, including two TB sanatoria which attract a large number of respiratory symptomatic and TB patients. Till recently there was significant loss of patients for follow up because of lack of mechanism to reach the patients, good recording practices and linkage with district TB control office. OBJECTIVE: To establish an effective referral mechanism between TB sanatoria and peripheral health institutions of the government for providing un-interrupted supervised treatment (DOT) to all newly detected TB patients. METHOD: TB sanatoria remain as \"islands\" when Reyised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) with DOTS strategy is implemented. Damien Foundation India Trust (DFIT) provided a Technical Support Team (one medical consultant and three supervisors) to assist in implementation of RNTCP in the district. DFIT liaised with both partners and established procedures for recording correct address, informing health institutions and Senior TB Supervisors (STS) and monitoring referrals. Referral slip and a copy of treatment card were given to patients. One copy of treatment card was sent to respective health facility. Initially the number of STS was not adequate to follow up the patients. The supervisors of Technical Support Team ensured that they were treated in peripheral health institutions or near patients' residence. All STS were in position one year after initiation of this effort. RESULTS: The referral system is functional. Case holding improved from about 50% to 85% during 2002-2005 by effective transfer through referrals. CONCLUSION: Interfacing of NGO between district TB control office and TB sanatoria enabled the establishment of effective collaboration. Initial reluctance was replaced by complete participation in the TB control programme.","y","The Indian journal of tuberculosis","Embase","Journal Article","TB care",2,34,1,"referral mechanism between central TB hospital to peripheral health centres",4,"national programme",8,0,0,"Bangalore",12,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T263,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Bengaluru"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T263,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"India"},"IndiaBengaluru",32,4,1]
["Rogers, N.; Anderson, W.",2007,"A community development approach to deal with public drug use in Box Hill","The use of alcohol and other drugs in public space is one that generates much heat in the public discourse and in the media. Too often the responses called for to reduce the problems of public amenity involve punitive policing and other responses that aim to engineer (mostly) young people out of these public spaces. Often local retailers are a key stakeholder group calling loudest for punitive action. In this Harm Reduction Digest Rogers and Anderson describe a community development approach taken to address these problems in Box Hill in the City of Whitehorse, near Melbourne. This approach which aimed to develop 'bridging social capital' between community retailers and other stakeholders in the area appears to have been effective in reducing harm associated with public drug use. Moreover these changes have become institutionalised and the approach has been expanded to address other public amenity problems in the area. It is a very nice example of how drug related harm can be reduced by grass roots networks of local councils, business people, law enforcement and health and welfare service providers to address these issues. © Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and Other Drugs.","y","Drug and Alcohol Review","Embase","Journal Article","reducing drug and alcohol harm",1,13,2,"communicty development ",1,"collaboration between local retailers and stakeholders",2,0,0,"Whitehorse (nr Melbourne) (Australia)",225,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T264,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Whitehorse"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T264,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},"AustraliaWhitehorse",9,5,0]
["Jolly, K.; Taylor, R.; Lip, G. Y. H.; Greenfield, S.; Raftery, J.; Mant, J.; Lane, D.; Jones, M.; Lee, K. W.; Stevens, A.",2007,"The Birmingham Rehabilitation Uptake Maximisation Study (BRUM). Home-based compared with hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation in a multi-ethnic population: Cost-effectiveness and patient adherence","Objectives: To evaluate the relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a home-based programme of cardiac rehabilitation using the Heart Manual, with centre-based programmes. It also sought to explore the reasons for non-adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programmes. Design: An individually randomised trial, with minimisation for age, gender, ethnicity, initial diagnosis and hospital of recruitment. Participants were followed up after 6, 12 and 24 months by questionnaire and clinical assessment. Individual semistructured interviews were undertaken in the homes of a purposive sample of patients who did not adhere to their allocated programme, and focus groups were undertaken with groups of patients who adhered to the programmes. Setting: Four hospitals in predominantly inner-city, multi-ethnic, socio-economically deprived areas of the West Midlands in England, for 2 years from 1 February 2002. Participants: A total of 525 patients who had experienced a myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary revascularisation within the previous 12 weeks. Interventions: All the rehabilitation programmes included exercise, relaxation, education and lifestyle counselling. All patients were seen by a cardiac rehabilitation nurse prior to hospital discharge and provided with information about their condition and counselling about risk factor modification. The four centre-based programmes varied in length from nine sessions at weekly intervals of education, relaxation and circuit training to 24 individualised sessions over 12 weeks of mainly walking, fixed cycling and rowing with group-based education. The home-based programme consisted of an appropriate version of the Heart Manual, home visits and telephone contact. The Heart Manual was introduced to patients on an individual basis, either in hospital or on a home visit. Home visits by a nurse took place at approximately 1, 6 and 12 weeks after recruitment, with a telephone call at 3 weeks. At the final visit, patients were encouraged to maintain their lifestyle changes and to continue with their exercise programme. Where needed, follow-up was made by a rehabilitation nurse who spoke Punjabi. An audiotape of an abridged version of the Heart Manual in Punjabi accompanied the manual for patients with a limited command of English. Main outcome measures: Primary outcomes were smoking cessation, blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, exercise capacity measured by the incremental shuttle walking test and psychological status measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Secondary outcomes included self-reported diet, physical activity, cardiac symptoms and quality of life. Health service resource use and costs of rehabilitation programmes from health service and societal perspectives were also measured. Adherence to the physical activity element of the rehabilitation programmes was measured by questionnaire 6, 9 and 12 weeks. Results: No clinically or statistically significant differences were found in any of the primary or secondary outcome measures between the home- and centre-based groups. Significant improvements in total cholesterol, smoking prevalence, the HADS anxiety score, self-reported physical activity and diet were seen in both arms between baseline and the 6-month follow-up. Five or more contacts with a cardiac rehabilitation nurse were received by 96% of home-based participants, whereas only 56% of centre-based participants attended this many rehabilitation classes. The direct rehabilitation costs to the health service were significantly higher for the home-based programme (mean cost 198 versus 157 for the centre-based programme), but when patient costs were included the mean cost of the centre-based arm rose to 182. Patients' reasons for not taking up or adhering to cardiac rehabilitation were multifactorial and very individual. Other health problems limited some patients' ability to exercise. Most non-adherers found some aspects of their cardiac rehabilitation programme helpful. Many had adapted advice on rehabilitation and were co tinuing to exercise in other ways and had made lifestyle changes, particularly to their diet. The home-based patients' lack of motivation to exercise on their own at home was a major factor in non-adherence. The focus groups revealed little diversity of views among patients from each programme. Patients in the hospital programme enjoyed the camaraderie of group exercise and the home-based patients valued the wealth of information and advice in the Heart Manual. Conclusions: A home-based cardiac rehabilitation programme for low- to moderate-risk patients does not produce inferior outcomes compared with the traditional centre-based programmes. With the level of home visiting in this trial, the home-based programme was more costly to the health service, but with the difference in costs borne by patients attending centre-based programmes. Different reasons were given by home and hospital cardiac rehabilitation patients for not taking up or adhering to cardiac rehabilitation, with home-based patients often citing a lack of motivation to exercise at home. Social characteristics, individual patient needs and the location of cardiac rehabilitation programmes need to be taken into account in programme design to maximise participation. Research is recommended into cardiac rehabilitation in patients from ethnic minority groups; measurement tools to assess physical activity and dietary change; evaluating the Heart Manual in patients who decline centre-based cardiac rehabilitation; the implementation of home-based programmes in the UK; and strategies that sustain physical activity in the long term. © Queen's Printer and Controller of HMSO 2007. All rights reserved.","y","Health Technology Assessment","Embase","Journal Article","improve caridac rehabilitation service",2,38,2,"Home base cardia rehabilitation programme",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Birmingham",18,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T265,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Birmingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T265,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandBirmingham",3,3,3]
["Conway, K.; Greenaway, S.; Casswell, S.; Liggins, S.; Broughton, D.",2007,"Community action - Challenges and constraints - Implementing evidence-based approaches within a context of reorienting services","Community action on alcohol use-related projects face significant challenges in focusing efforts where they are most likely to be effective - on environmental strategies for optimum impact and sustainable institutional change. Reorienting and enhancing the efforts of existing services is a crucial issue for all countries with limited resources. This paper evaluates the use of a public health partnerships model to reorient resources and enhance cross sector collaboration to reduce alcohol consumption-related harm in a large New Zealand city from 2001-2004. The evaluation assessed changes in the management practices of participating health provider organisations, the reorientation of activities and the redeployment of provider resources, in light of evaluation evidence from collaborative initiatives undertaken by key stakeholder organisations. Despite the considerable challenges inherent in reorienting existing health sector resource and encouraging more evidence-based practice, this evaluation found encouraging signs of positive systemic changes, both within the health sector and with external stakeholders, in the redirection of priorities and resources. The focus on collaborative environmental strategies has also contributed to some limited, but promising structural changes to reduce harm in the licensed alcohol availability, accessibility and promotion environment. Copyright © 2007 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.","y","Substance Use and Misuse",null,"Journal Article","reduce alcohol consumption related harm",1,13,2,"partnership model to reorient existing resources",0,"public health partnership model",2,0,0,"City in New Zealand",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T266,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T266,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",40,5,1]
["Barreto, M. L.; Genser, B.; Strina, A.; Teixeira, M. G.; Assis, A. M. O.; Rego, R. F.; Teles, C. A.; Prado, M. S.; Matos, S. M.; Santos, D. N.; dos Santos, L. A.; Cairncross, S.",2007,"Effect of city-wide sanitation programme on reduction in rate of childhood diarrhoea in northeast Brazil: assessment by two cohort studies","Background: A city-wide sanitation intervention was started in Salvador, Brazil, in 1997 to improve sewerage coverage from 26% of households to 80%. Our aim was to investigate the epidemiological effect of this city-wide sanitation programme on diarrhoea morbidity in children less than 3 years of age. Methods: The investigation was composed of two longitudinal studies done in 1997-98 before the intervention (the sanitation programme) and in 2003-04 after the intervention had been completed. Each study consisted of a cohort of children (841 in the preintervention study and 1007 in the postintervention study; age 0-36 months at baseline) who were followed up for a maximum of 8 months. Children were sampled from 24 sentinel areas that were randomly chosen to represent the range of environmental conditions in the study site. At the start of each study an individual or household questionnaire was applied by trained fieldworkers; an environmental survey was done in each area before and after introduction of the sanitation programme to assess basic neighbourhood and household sanitation conditions. Daily diarrhoea data were obtained during home visits twice per week. The effect of the intervention was estimated by a hierarchical modelling approach fitting a sequence of multivariate regression models. Findings: Diarrhoea prevalence fell by 21% (95% CI 18-25%)-from 9.2 (9.0-9.5) days per child-year before the intervention to 7.3 (7.0-7.5) days per child-year afterwards. After adjustment for baseline sewerage coverage and potential confounding variables, we estimated an overall prevalence reduction of 22% (19-26%). Interpretation: Our results show that urban sanitation is a highly effective health measure that can no longer be ignored, and they provide a timely support for the launch of 2008 as the International Year of Sanitation. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","y","Lancet",null,"Journal Article","reducing childhood diarrhoea",1,0,2,"sanitation intervention",2,"implemented sanitation",8,0,0,"Salvador (Brazil)",185,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T267,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Salvador"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T267,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSalvador",14,2,2]
["Sahip, Y.; Molzan Turan, J.",2007,"Education for expectant fathers in workplaces in Turkey","Worldwide, there is increasing recognition that if family and reproductive health programmes are to be successful, the involvement of men is essential. As part of the problem, men also have to be seen as part of the solution. The reality is that in many countries, including Turkey, men generally do not accompany their partners to health facilities for family planning, antenatal and postnatal services and are not expected to attend the labour or birth of their child. Workplace programmes are a potential strategy for meeting the reproductive health education needs of men in industrial cities such as Istanbul. This intervention study was developed to test the feasibility and effects of expanding a special programme for expectant fathers to large workplaces in Istanbul, with the aim of improving the health of Turkish families during the pregnancy, birth and newborn periods. The findings indicate that it is possible to train workplace physicians in Istanbul to conduct regular educational programmes for expectant fathers on reproductive health, and that such programmes may have beneficial effects, especially in the areas of pregnancy nutrition, exclusive breast-feeding, and support behaviours. Considering the difficulty of getting men to attend hospital or clinic-based educational programmes in large urban areas, bringing such training programmes to men at their places of work has the potential to be an important strategy. Given that large workplaces in Turkey already have full-time physicians charged with the duty of health education for employees, this is also a feasible strategy. © 2007 Cambridge University Press.","y","Journal of Biosocial Science","Embase","Journal Article","improved family and reproductive health and health services",1,0,2,"workplace programme targeting men",1,"trained workplace physicians to deliver training",0,0,0,"Istanbul",103,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T268,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Istanbul"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T268,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"turkey"},"turkeyIstanbul",57,3,1]
["Parra, D.; Gomez, L.; Pratt, M.; Sarmiento, O. L.; Mosquera, J.; Triche, E.",2007,"Policy and built environment changes in Bogota and their importance in health promotion","There is an increasing interest in establishing the influence of urban environments on health. The importance of changes to environmental policy in order to promote physical activity has been emphasized during recent years. Bogota, the capital of Columbia, is recognized as a Latin American leader in its creation of a more activity friendly environment. The city has undergone a number of urban and social changes which have resulted in a positive effect on the recovery of public spaces, access to recreational facilities, and promotion of non-motorized and public transportation options. These changes may have enhanced perceptions of quality of life and facilitated increased physical activity. The experience of Bogota could be used as a potential example for leaders of other cities to encourage similar programs. © SAGE Publications 2007.","y","Indoor and Built Environment","Embase","Journal Article","improve physical activity ",1,29,2,"Improve the environmnental determinents of health",2,"policy",1,0,0,"Bogota (Columbia)",20,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T269,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"bogota"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T269,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Colombia"},"Colombiabogota",21,2,0]
["Wang, W. Z.; Jiang, B.; Wu, S. P.; Hong, Z.; Yang, Q. D.; Sander, J. W.; Du, X. L.; Bao, Q. J.",2007,"Change in stroke incidence from a population-based intervention trial in three urban communities in China","Stroke has been the main cause of death in most urban residents in China since the 1990s. A community-based intervention trial carried out in China aimed to reduce the incidence and mortality of stroke. In 1991, two well-matched communities each with approximately 50,000 people were selected as intervention or control communities in the urban areas of Beijing, Shanghai and Changsha. Regular health education and health promotion activities were carried out between 1991 and 2000 in the intervention communities but no special action was taken in the control communities. Both fatal and nonfatal stroke cases were meticulously registered during the study in the two communities to assess the effect of long-term intervention. The trend in stroke incidence and the effect of intervention on stroke incidence were analyzed using a Poisson regression model adjusted for age, sex, year and city. Between 1991 and 2000, 2,273 first-ever stroke cases were registered in the intervention communities and 3,015 in the control communities. Geographic variation and changes in the incidence of stroke and its subtypes were found among these 3 cities. Through 10 years of intervention, incidence risks of all, ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes decreased by 11.4% (relative risk 0.8959; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.8483-0.9460; p < 0.0001), 13.2% (relative risk 0.8676; 95% CI 0.8054-0.9345; p = 0.0002) and 7.2% (relative risk 0.9283; 95% CI 0.8517-1.0117; p = 0.0899), respectively, in the intervention compared with control communities. Accordingly, comprehensive community-based intervention measures could effectively reduce the incidence of stroke in the population. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG.","y","Neuroepidemiology","Embase","Journal Article","reducing stroke incidence",1,19,2,"regular health education and health promotion activites",1,"community based intervention",0,0,0,"Beijing & Shanghai and Changsha",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T270,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T270,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,4,2]
["Chen, H. T.; Liang, S.; Liao, Q.; Wang, S.; Schumacher, J. E.; Creger, T. N.; Wilson, C. M.; Dong, B.; Vermund, S. H.",2007,"HIV voluntary counseling and testing among injection drug users in south China: A study of a non-government organization based program","HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) programs are usually delivered by government health agencies in China. This study examined the feasibility of using a Chinese non-government organization (NGO) to deliver a VCT program to injection drug users (IDUs) in a southern Chinese city. The process data indicated the program successfully recruited and served 226 male and female IDUs in 4 months. The HIV prevalence rate of the study population was 57.5% by rapid HIV testing with a secondary rapid test to confirm. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations indicated that the VCT program was implemented appropriately and participants' HIV knowledge and safe drug and sex practices were significantly improved after participation in the VCT program. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a Chinese NGO to provide VCT for IDUs and documents the processes and outcomes of the program. There remains a great need to find additional sources to provide VCT and other HIV prevention services to IDUs and other high-risk populations in China. Chinese NGOs have the potential to fill this need. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","y","AIDS and Behavior","Embase","Journal Article","Improved HIV counseling and testing",2,2,1,"NGO to delivery counseling and testing program",3,"NGO delivered service",3,0,0,"Southern Chinese City",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T271,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T271,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",5,4,1]
["Ma, M. H. M.; Chiang, W. C.; Ko, P. C. I.; Huang, J. C. C.; Lin, C. H.; Wang, H. C.; Chang, W. T.; Hwang, C. H.; Wang, Y. C.; Hsiung, G. H.; Lee, B. C.; Chen, S. C.; Chen, W. J.; Lin, F. Y.",2007,"Outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Metropolitan Taipei: Does an advanced life support service make a difference?","Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is of major medical and public health significance. It also serves as a good indicator in assessing the performance of local emergency medical services system (EMS). There have been arguments for and against the benefits of advanced life support (ALS) over basic life support with defibrillator (BLS-D) for treating OHCA. Aims of the study: The study was conducted to characterise the outcomes of cardiac arrest victims in an Asian metropolitan city; to evaluate the impacts of ALS versus BLS-D services; and to explore the possible patient and arrest factors that may be associated with the observed differences in the outcomes between the two pre-hospital care models. Materials and methods: Taipei is an Asian metropolitan city with an area of 272 km<sup>2</sup> and a population of 2.65 million. The fire-based BLS-D EMS system was in the process of phasing in ALS capability. While there were 40 BLS-D teams in the 12 city districts, two ALS teams were set up in the central part of the city. In this prospective study, all adult non-traumatic OHCA from September 2003 to August 2004 were included. Patient, arrest, care, and outcome variables for OHCA victims were collected from prehospital run sheets, automatic defibrillators, and emergency department and hospital records. Results: Among 1423 OHCA included in the analysis, 1037 (73%) received BLS-D service, and 386 (27%) received ALS services. The initial shockable rhythms and early bystander CPR were strongly associated with better survival for victims of cardiac arrests. Compared to BLS-D, ALS patients had similar age, sex, witness status, the rate of bystander CPR, and response timeliness but more patients in asystole (84% versus 72%, p = 0.005). Patients treated by ALS were more likely to result in significantly higher rates of return of spontaneous circulation (29% versus 21%; OR = 1.51 (95% CI 1.15-2.00); p = 0.002) and survival to emergency department/intensive care unit admission (23% versus 15%; OR = 1.66 (95% CI 1.22-2.24); p = 0.001), but there was no difference in the rate of survival to hospital discharge (7% versus 5%; OR = 1.39 (95% CI 0.84-2.23); p = 0.17). The outcome difference from ALS services was more pronounced among patients in asystole and without bystander CPR. Conclusions: In this metropolitan EMS in Asia, the implementation of ALS services improved the intermediate, but not the final outcomes. Communities with larger populations and lower incidence of initial shockable rhythms than the OPALS study should also prioritise their resources in setting up and optimising systems of basic life support and early defibrillations. Further studies are warranted to configure the optimal care model for combating cardiac arrest. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","y","Resuscitation","Embase","Journal Article","improved cardiac arrest outcomes (healthcare)",2,30,2,"implemented advanced life support (ALS)  service",3,"new services ",3,0,0,"Taipei (2.65m people)",212,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T272,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Taipei"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T272,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Taiwan"},"TaiwanTaipei",55,4,2]
["Patel, H.; Baeza, J.; Patel, M.; Greene, L.; Theobald, N.",2007,"Improving sexual health services in the city: Can the NHS learn from clients and the service industry","Objective: Genitourinary service providers are struggling to meet patient demand and have introduced changes in access structure to cope. In this study, we explored the perspectives of clients and providers upon the different models of access introduced and whether these maintained service quality using the SERQUAL model. Methods: Primary data were collected in May 2005 at two genitourinary medicine clinics, two Accident and Emergency Departments and from members of a university 'gay' society all of which were located in London. Forty-four high-risk clients and 11 health service providers underwent semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Results: Both the walk-in and appointment-based access systems were appreciated by clients. Clients said that the most important issue was that they were not turned away when they presented. Health-care providers had a variety of opinions about the two systems as they had different impacts on morale, training and service provision. Conclusions: Service quality can be maintained by using both walk-in and appointment-based systems. This is because our data, in line with Parasuraman's model of service quality, showed that 'access' is but one determinant of quality. Having different modes of access facilitates patient choice, which is paramount in a modern health-care system. However, to provide a good service it is important to maintain a motivated staff, who can be affected by their working environment. © 2007 The Authors.","y","Health Expectations","Embase","Journal Article","improving sexual health services",2,47,2,"changes to access of sexual health services",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T273,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T273,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,1]
["Vlahov, D.; Freudenberg, N.; Proietti, F.; Ompad, D.; Quinn, A.; Nandi, V.; Galea, S.",2007,"Urban as a determinant of health","Cities are the predominant mode of living, and the growth in cities is related to the expansion of areas that have concentrated disadvantage. The foreseeable trend is for rising inequities across a wide range of social and health dimensions. Although qualitatively different, this trend exists in both the developed and developing worlds. Improving the health of people in slums will require new analytic frameworks. The social-determinants approach emphasizes the role of factors that operate at multiple levels, including global, national, municipal, and neighborhood levels, in shaping health. This approach suggests that improving living conditions in such arenas as housing, employment, education, equality, quality of living environment, social support, and health services is central to improving the health of urban populations. While social determinant and multilevel perspectives are not uniquely urban, they are transformed when viewed through the characteristics of cities such as size, density, diversity, and complexity. Ameliorating the immediate living conditions in the cities in which people live offers the greatest promise for reducing morbidity, mortality, and disparities in health and for improving quality of life and well being. © 2007 The New York Academy of Medicine.","i","Journal of Urban Health","Embase","Journal Article",null,"not stated",{"$nulls":7},0,null,null,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T274,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T274,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Ompad, D. C.; Galea, S.; Caiaffa, W. T.; Vlahov, D.",2007,"Social determinants of the health of urban populations: Methodologic considerations","A full understanding of the role of the urban environment in shaping the health of populations requires consideration of different features of the urban environment that may influence population health. The social environment is key to understanding the way in which cities affect the health of populations. Social determinants of health (SDH) are important, generally, yet can have different effects in different settings from urban to rural, between countries, between cities, and within cities. Failure to acknowledge, and more importantly, to understand the role of SDH in health and access to health and social services will hamper any effort to improve the health of the population. In this paper, we will briefly summarize a few key SDH and their measurement. We will also consider methodologic tools and some methodologic challenges. The concepts presented here are broadly applicable to a variety of settings: developed and developing countries, slum areas, inner cities, middle income neighborhoods, and even higher income neighborhoods. However, our focus will be on some of the more vulnerable urban populations who are most profoundly affected by SDH. © 2007 The New York Academy of Medicine.","i","Journal of Urban Health","Embase","Journal Article","health","not stated",null,null,"examination of social determinents",{"$nulls":4},0,null,null,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T275,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T275,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Aronson, R. E.; Wallis, A. B.; O'Campo, P. J.; Whitehead, T. L.; Schafer, P.",2007,"Ethnographically informed community evaluation: A framework and approach for evaluating community-based initiatives","Objectives: This paper describes ethnographically informed community evaluation (EICE), a framework for evaluating complex community-based interventions, and illustrates its use in the evaluation of Baltimore City Healthy Start, a federally funded infant mortality prevention project. EICE, which is influenced by cultural anthropology and assets-based community assessment, supports continuous program improvement, resident involvement, and measurement of community-level change. This approach takes into account both individual and contextual levels of analysis. Methods: The evaluation coupled a participatory approach with qualitative and survey research methods to study community context and how it might contribute to infant mortality and influence program implementation, and to assess community change resulting from the program. Data collection included focus groups, key informant interviews, surveys, neighborhood mapping, journaling, and a study of community problem-solving. Results: The evaluation provided program-related feedback to staff, contributed to a collective understanding of the local context, validated and augmented outcome findings, and imparted skills and a sense of empowerment to the neighborhood. Results reveal a community burdened by crime and social problems, yet showing great diversity in physical and social conditions when examined at the census block group level. Nevertheless, these social and physical hazards in the community are more salient than any specific health issue such as infant mortality. Conclusions: EICE is a powerful evaluation approach able to respond to the complexities of community-based maternal and child health initiatives designed to institute changes across multiple domains. EICE may be used, in whole or in part, as a supplement to traditional designs. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006.","y","Maternal and Child Health Journal","Embase","Journal Article","infant mortality prevention",1,37,2,"community based interventions",0,"federally funded",8,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T276,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T276,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Sun, A.; Zhang, J.; Tsoh, J.; Wong-Kim, E.; Chow, E.",2007,"The effectiveness in utilizing Chinese media to promote breast health among Chinese women","To increase the awareness and practice of breast health guidelines, a media-based education campaign on breast health was launched among immigrant Chinese community in San Francisco. The media campaign included airing two public service announcements (PSAs) on Chinese television and radio stations and publishing the same message in Chinese newspapers during 2000. Seven-hundred-ten face-to-face interviews were conducted with women who were recruited from various settings in the city of San Francisco to evaluate the impact of the campaign. Survey participants were asked to describe the content of the PSAs. Having viewed the PSA was significantly associated with the ability to identify all four guidelines (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.35-2.85), knowing how to perform breast self-exam (BSE; OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.53-3.29), having performed BSE within the past month (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 2.05-4.74), and having a clinical breast exam (CBE; OR = 2.98; 95% CI: 1.82-4.90) and mammogram (MAM; OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.16-3.36) in the past year. The study findings support that a media campaign utilizing PSAs is effective in improving knowledge of breast health guidelines, teaching Chinese women how to (BSEs), and increasing breast health practices. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","y","Journal of Health Communication","Embase","Journal Article","breast health",1,12,2,"media based ecucation campaign",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"San francisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T277,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T277,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,1,1]
["Engler-Stringer, R.; Berenbaum, S.",2007,"Exploring food security with collective kitchens participants in three Canadian cities","Collective kitchens are small groups of people who pool their resources to cook large quantities of food. With the help of semi-participant observation and in-depth individual interviews, this study is an exploration of participants' perceptions of changes in food security since becoming involved in a collective kitchen. Several important themes emerged, including Increased Variety, Making Ends Meet, and Comparisons to Food Banks. Participants in groups that cooked large quantities of food (upwards of five meals monthly) reported some increases in their food resources. Participants also reported increased dignity associated with not having to access charitable resources to feed their families. Some participants reported decreased psychological distress associated with food insecurity. Overall, participants reported increases in food security; however, collective kitchens are not a long-term solution to the income-related food insecurity experienced by many Canadian families. © 2007 Sage Publications.","y","Qualitative Health Research","Embase","Journal Article","food security",1,28,2,"collective food kitchens (small groups of people that share food resources)",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"3 canadian cities (not stated which)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T278,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T278,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",2,1,1]
["Adusumilli, S. R.; Tobin, J. N.; Younge, R. G.; Kendall, M.; Kukafka, R.; Khan, S.; Chang, O.; Mahabir, K.",2006,"The New York City eClinician Project: using Personal Digital Assistants and wireless internet access to support emergency preparedness and enhance clinical care in community health centers","The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, The Community Health Care Association of New York State and Clinical Directors Network are collaborating on the \"eClinician Project,\" which has distributed seven hundred public health-friendly, wireless (WiFi) enabled Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) to primary care clinicians working in New York City, federally funded, Community Health Centers (CHC) which serve minority underserved communities that suffer a disproportionate burden of chronic disease and lack access to health promotion disease prevention services. Each participating health center also received a wireless router to create an onsite internet hot spot to enable clinicians to have internet access. The goals of the eClinician Project are to: 1) To encourage adoption of information technology among providers in Community Health Centers in New York City by providing PDAs as a first line strategy towards achieving this goal, 2) enhance access to information on emergency preparedness, 3) improve patient outcomes by providing PDA-based clinical decision-support tools that support evidence-based care, 4) encourage chronic care management and health promotion/disease prevention activities, and 5) increase productivity and efficiency. CHC clinicians have received a hands-on, on-site orientation to PDAs. Ongoing training has continued via online CME-accredited webcasts (see www.CDNetwork.org). Clinical decision-support tools are available for download via the eClinician project web portal (see www.eClinician.org ). Public health alerts can be delivered to the PDAs or to the clinicians' desktop computers. Pre and post training surveys, in addition to a case study, have been used to evaluate the population demographics, PDA adoption by the clinicians, clinician attitudes towards using PDAs, PDA influence on clinical-decision making and barriers to adoption of PDAs and information technology in general.","y","Amia ..","Embase","Journal Article","emergency preparedness and improved care in community health centres",2,23,2,"Personal Digital Assistants and internet access",4,"NYCDoHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T279,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T279,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Barbot, O.; Platt, R.; Marchese, C.",2006,"Using preprinted rescue medication order forms and health information technology to monitor and improve the quality of care for students with asthma in New York City public schools",null,"y","Journal of School Health","Embase","Journal Article","Improved Asthma Care",1,5,2,"health information technology",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T280,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T280,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Bruzzese, J. M.; Evans, D.; Wiesemann, S.; Pinkett-Heller, M.; Levison, M. J.; Du, Y.; Fitzpatrick, C.; Krigsman, G.; Ramos-Bonoan, C.; Turner, L.; Mellins, R. B.",2006,"Using school staff to establish a preventive network of care to improve elementary school students' control of asthma","School-based asthma interventions delivered by nonschool staff have been successful but are limited in their reach because of the cost and effort of bringing in outside educators and their inability to establish improved communication about asthma between schools, families, and primary care providers (PCPs). To address these problems, Columbia University and the New York City Department of Education and the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene undertook a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of a comprehensive school-based asthma program. In this intervention, school nurses were trained to facilitate the establishment of a preventive network of care for children with asthma by coordinating communications and fostering relationships between families, PCPs, and school personnel. PCPs also received training regarding asthma management. There was limited support for this model. While case detection helped nurses identify additional students with asthma and nurses increased the amount of time spent on asthma-related tasks, PCPs did not change their medical management of asthma. Few improvements in health outcomes were achieved. Relative to controls, 12-months posttest intervention students had a reduction in activity limitations due to asthma (-35% vs -9%, p <.05) and days with symptoms (26% vs 39%, p =.06). The intervention had no impact on the use of urgent health care services, school attendance, or caregiver's quality of life. There were also no improvements at 24-months postintervention. We faced many challenges related to case detection, training, and implementing preventive care activities, which may have hindered our success. We present these challenges, describe how we coped with them, and discuss the lessons we learned. © 2006, American School Health Association.","y","Journal of School Health","Embase","Journal Article","Asthma control",1,5,2,"Comprehensive school based asthma intervention",7,"NYDHMY, Dept of education, Columbia Univestiy, primary care providers",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T281,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T281,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Gamez, R.; Parra, D.; Pratt, M.; Schmid, T. L.",2006,"Muevete Bogota: promoting physical activity with a network of partner companies","In 1998 the mayor's office and the District Institute for Sports and Recreation created Muevete Bogota, a physical activity and health promotion programme for the capital city of Colombia. Muevete means to move or to be active, and this campaign to promote physical activity was designed to improve the health and quality of life of the citizens of Bogota through regular physical activity. The programme is based on the 1995 recommendations on physical activity of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine (Pate el al, 1995), and was developed in close consultation with the Agita Sao Paulo programme in Brazil (Matsudo el al., 2003). Muevete Bogota couples a mass media campaign with programmes targeted to change physical activity behaviour. The interventions, which are conducted at work sites, schools, health care centers and in community settings rely on partnerships created among professionals in areas of education and health, business officials and personnel, and community members, to deliver the programmes in each of these settings and populations. Like many developing countries, Colombia suffers from a growing epidemic of chronic diseases. In 1993 35.7% of total mortality in the city of Bogota was due to chronic diseases (Espinosa, 1993). In 2002 cardiovascular diseases accounted for 40.3% of mortality among the population aged 60 years or older and 26.8% for persons 45 to 59 years of age. (Cardona, 2002) Bogota has implemented extensive physical and social environmental changes over the last decade, which has increased opportunities for physical activity, but sedentary lifestyle continues to be a significant public health problem in the city. Programmes such as Muevete Bogota that educate and motivate the population to become more physically active appear to be needed to complement the underlying environmental and policy changes. Muevete Bogota provides an example of successful implementation of a comprehensive multi-sectoral approach to physical activity promotion in a large metropolitan area. This model may be used as an exemplary effort elsewhere in Latin America and in urban areas in developing countries around the world.","y","Promotion & education","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,29,2,"phuscial activity and health promotion programme",1,"collaboration",2,0,1,"Bogota (Columbia)",20,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T282,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"bogota"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T282,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Colombia"},"Colombiabogota",6,2,0]
["Johnson, D. B.; Smith, L. T.",2006,"Testing the recommendations of the Washington State Nutrition and Physical Activity Plan: the Moses Lake case study","BACKGROUND: The Washington State Nutrition and Physical Activity Plan provides a framework in which policy makers can work together to build and support healthy environments for nutrition and physical activity. The city of Moses Lake, Wash, was chosen to serve as a pilot site to test the conceptual approaches and recommendations of the plan and to develop a model for healthy communities elsewhere in the state. CONTEXT: Moses Lake is an ethnically diverse, geographically isolated town with a population of about 15,000. METHODS: An advisory committee used data from an inventory of local policies and environments, along with the recommendations from the state plan, to develop a plan for Healthy Communities Moses Lake. Three initiatives were chosen for the first actions: a connected system of trails and paths, enhanced facilities for breastfeeding in the community, and a community garden. CONSEQUENCES: Records of cumulative actions demonstrated that Healthy Communities Moses Lake continued to be an active and productive project. Initial measures of success were collected by each of the three first action teams. Environmental changes will be monitored by comparison with the initial inventory of local policies. Long-term health outcomes in Moses Lake will be monitored by the Washington State Department of Health. INTERPRETATION: Healthy Communities Moses Lake was successful because the city had leaders and volunteers who were committed to making the city a healthier place. Lessons learned about community-based planning and evaluation are now being applied to Healthy Communities initiatives.","y","Preventing chronic disease","Embase","Journal Article","nutrition and physcial activity",1,50,2,"3 initiatives initially ",2,"policy",1,0,0,"Moses Lake (Washington) (15k population)",138,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T283,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Moses Lake"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T283,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaMoses Lake",1,1,0]
["Ross, H.; Powell, L. M.; Bauer, J. E.; Levy, D. T.; Peck, R. M.; Lee, H. R.",2006,"Community-based youth tobacco control interventions: Cost effectiveness of the full court press project","Background: We evaluated the impact of a community-based tobacco control project that was implemented in the city of Tucson, Arizona, USA, between 1996 and 2001. Aim: The project's goal was to reduce the prevalence of youth smoking through change in social norms at schools and in communities and workplaces. As is often the case, these community-based health promotion interventions were implemented in conjunction with other broader programmes, in this case implemented on the state level. Method: Taking into account state level interventions as well as changes in sociodemographic and economic environment over the course of the project (e.g. increases in cigarette prices), we measure the net effect of the intervention in terms of the number of people who quit or did not initiate smoking and by the discounted life-years gained. To establish the value of investing into communitybased intervention, we calculated the real discounted cost per quit and per lifeyear gained of $US3789 and $US3942, respectively. These compare favourably with the real cost per quit of $US4270 when implementing the 1996 US Clinical Practice Guideline for smoking cessation but exceed the real cost of $US2923 per discounted life-year gained when following the guideline. Results: A sensitivity analysis that assumed 5% programme persistence (i.e. 5% of the programme's impact would last forever in the absence of future funding for the programme), one-third would relapse and that one-third of those who quit may have quit smoking even without the programme, suggested a lower cost per discounted life-year saved of $US3476. The cost effectiveness of this project compares favourably with other tobacco control interventions. Conclusion: Despite its relatively small target group, this community-based intervention was cost effective. © 2006 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved.","y","Applied Health Economics and Health Policy","Embase","Journal Article","reduce youth smoking ",1,7,2,"tobacco control project",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Tucson (Arizona) ",214,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T284,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Tucson"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T284,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaTucson",1,1,1]
["Israel, B. A.; Krieger, J.; Vlahov, D.; Ciske, S.; Foley, M.; Fortin, P.; Guzman, J. R.; Lichtenstein, R.; McGranaghan, R.; Palermo, A. G.; Tang, G.",2006,"Challenges and facilitating factors in sustaining community-based participatory research partnerships: Lessons learned from the Detroit, New York City and Seattle Urban Research Centers","In order to address the social, physical and economic determinants of urban health, researchers, public health practitioners, and community members have turned to more comprehensive and participatory approaches to research and interventions. One such approach, community-based participatory research (CBPR) in public health, has received considerable attention over the past decade, and numerous publications have described theoretical underpinnings, values, principles and practice. Issues related to the long-term sustainability of partnerships and activities have received limited attention. The purpose of this article is to examine the experiences and lessons learned from three Urban Research Centers (URCs) in Detroit, New York City, and Seattle, which were initially established in 1995 with core support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The experience of these Centers after core funding ceased in 2003 provides a case study to identify the challenges and facilitating factors for sustaining partnerships. We examine three broad dimensions of CBPR partnerships that we consider important for sustainability: (1) sustaining relationships and commitments among the partners involved; (2) sustaining the knowledge, capacity and values generated from the partnership; and (3) sustaining funding, staff, programs, policy changes and the partnership itself. We discuss the challenges faced by the URCs in sustaining these dimensions and the strategies used to overcome these challenges. Based on these experiences, we offer recommendations for: strategies that partnerships may find useful in sustaining their CBPR efforts; ways in which a Center mechanism can be useful for promoting sustainability; and considerations for funders of CBPR to increase sustainability. © 2006 The New York Academy of Medicine.","y","Journal of Urban Health","Embase","Journal Article","broader determinents of health",1,51,2,"established partnerships",0,"community based particpaorty reseearch",8,0,0,"Detroit, NYC and Seattle",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T285,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T285,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Frattaroli, S.; Defrancesco, S.; Gielen, A. C.; Bishai, D. M.; Guyer, B.",2006,"Local stakeholders' perspectives on improving the urban environment to reduce child pedestrian injury: Implementing effective public health interventions at the local level","Local-level public health interventions require action from multiple agencies, organizations and individuals, yet little is known about how best to work with stakeholders to facilitate change. We sought local stakeholders' perspectives on how best to address impediments to implementing interventions designed to reduce child pedestrian injury by improving the pedestrian environment. We conducted 20 in-person, key informant interviews with people who would be the likely advocates for environmental change to improve the pedestrian environment in one US city, Baltimore, Maryland. We discuss the importance of reframing child pedestrian injury risk as a livability issue, increasing awareness about the potential impact of environmental changes to improve public safety, and the need for a formal efficient process to facilitate communication between local government and other stakeholders. These findings provide public health professionals and advocates with useful insight into how local stakeholders view the issue and their perspectives on how best to achieve change. © 2006 Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.","y","Journal of Public Health Policy","Embase","Journal Article","reducing child pedestrian injury",1,44,2,"interventions to reduce child pedestrian injury",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T286,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T286,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Minkler, M.; Vasquez, V. B.; Warner, J. R.; Steussey, H.; Facente, S.",2006,"Sowing the seeds for sustainable change: A community-based participatory research partnership for health promotion in Indiana, USA and its aftermath","Community-based participatory research (CBPR) increasingly is being used in both developed and developing countries to study and address community-identified issues through a collaborative and empowering action-oriented process. In 2003-2005, a study was undertaken to document the impacts of CBPR on healthy public policy in the US. From an initial review of 80 partnership efforts, 10 were selected as best capturing the range and diversity of projects meeting the study criteria, and were the subject of in-depth case study analysis. This article presents and analyzes one of these cases, a collaboration between researchers at the Indiana University School of Nursing and the Healthy Cities Committee of New Castle, IN, USA. With its action component still underway a decade after the formal study's completion, the partnership was selected to enable an examination of sustainable change through CBPR. Beginning with a participatory door-to-door health survey of 1000 households using a non-probability quota sampling strategy, the project involved community members in many stages of the research process. A smoking rate of twice the national average was among the study findings that helped to galvanize the community into action. A variety of health promoting environmental and 'small p policy' changes were undertaken ranging from a bill restricting indoor smoking in public places to an initiative to develop a system of trails throughout the county to promote physical fitness and decreased reliance on automobiles. This article examines the evolution of the original CBPR partnership, its research methods and findings, and the environmental changes it sought to promote healthier lifestyles. Success factors, barriers and sustainability benchmarks are discussed. The case study offers an example of the potential of CBPR for helping to lay the groundwork for long-term sustainable change in support of healthier communities. © The Author (2006). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.","y","Health Promotion International","Embase","Journal Article","Health ",1,0,2,"health promotion interventions, including policy and environment",0,"Community based participatory research (CBPR) (Collaboration)",2,0,0,"New Castle (USA)",141,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T287,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New Castle"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T287,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew Castle",1,1,0]
["Dorner, T.; Fodor, J. G.; Allichhammer, D.; Kiefer, I.; Lawrence, K.; D'Angelo, M. S.; Huebel, U.; Strunz, B.; Ohnoutka, A.; Antes, G.; Schmidt, H.; Kunze, M.; Rieder, A.",2006,"A heart for Vienna - The prevention program for the big city. Blue-collar workers as a special target group","Objectives: To create awareness of cardiovascular health status by screening for cardiovascular risk factors, and thereby motivate people to improve their life style habits. This was carried out in form of a project within the framework of the government prevention programme \"A Heart for Vienna\" focussing on urban blue-collar workers, a population at greatest risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Results: The prevalence of hypertension, overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and smoking were 29.7%, 62.4%, 16.4%, 29.3%, and 49.8%, respectively. 87.6% presented at least one of the screened cardiac risk factors. The prevalence of hypertension, overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity increased with age. Hypertension, overweight and abdominal obesity were significantly more prevalent among unskilled compared to skilled male blue-collar workers. The prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity was more than 1.5 times higher among female compared to male blue-collar workers. Conclusion: Blue-collar workers represent a population where health promotion and prevention of cardiovascular disease should have high priority. Within the blue-collar group itself the cardiovascular risk profile worsened with reduction in skill level. © Springer-Verlag 2006.","y","Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift","Embase","Journal Article","cardiovascular ",1,26,2,"cardiovascular risk factors screening programme",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Vienna",226,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T288,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Vienna"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T288,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"austria"},"austriaVienna",10,3,1]
["Gany, F. M.; Shah, S. M.; Changrani, J.",2006,"New York city's Immigrant Minorities: Reducing cancer health disparities","One million newcomers arrive in the United States every year; 11.7% of the total U.S. population is foreign-born. Immigrants face cancer care and research access barriers, including economic, immigration status, cultural, and linguistic. In 2000, the Center for Immigrant Health, NYU School of Medicine, launched the Cancer Awareness Network for Immigrant Minority Populations (CANIMP), a network comprising community- and faith-based organizations, local and national government health institutions, clinical service providers, researchers, and immigrant-service and advocacy organizations. This community-based participatory program chose as its priorities high- incidence cancer sites in the overall immigrant community (colorectal, lung, breast, cervical, prostate), as well as sites with strikingly high incidence in specific immigrant groups (gastric, liver, oral). CANIMP has developed successful outreach, education, screening, survivorship, training, and research programs to decrease cancer disparities. Over 2500 at-risk community members have been reached, 25 junior minority researchers trained, 60 minority interns mentored, numerous cancer disparities research projects funded and conducted, and vital partnerships to improve cancer data developed. These initiatives serve as models to address community, systems, physician, and cancer research gaps in immigrant communities. © 2006 American Cancer Society.","y","Cancer","Embase","Journal Article","Cancer",1,22,2,"Cancer awareness network",1,"centre for immigrant health",8,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T289,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T289,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Plochg, T.; Delnoij, D. M. J.; Hogervorst, W. V. G.; Van Dijk, P.; Belleman, S.; Klazinga, N. S.",2006,"Local health systems in 21st century: Who cares? - An exploratory study on health system governance in Amsterdam","Background: There is a growing awareness that there should be a public health perspective to health system governance. Its intrinsic population health orientation provides the ultimate ground for determining the health needs and governing collaborative care arrangements within which these needs can be met. Notwithstanding differences across countries, population health concerns are not central to European health reforms. Governments currently withdraw leaving governance roles to care providers and/or financiers. Thereby, incentives that trigger the uptake of a public health perspective are often ignored. Methods: In this study we addressed this issue in the city of Amsterdam. Using a qualitative study design, we explored whether there is a public health perspective to the governance practices of the municipality and the major sickness fund in Amsterdam. And if so, what the scope of this perspective is. And if not, why not. Results: Findings indicate that the municipality has a public health perspective to local health system governance, but its scope is limited. The municipality facilitates rather than governs health care provision in Amsterdam. Furthermore, the sickness fund runs major financial risks when adapting a public health perspective. It covers an insured population that partly overlaps the Amsterdam population. Returns on investments in population health are therefore uncertain, as competitors would also profit from the sickness fund's investments. Conclusion: The local health system in Amsterdam is not consistently aligned to the health needs of the Amsterdam population. The Amsterdam case is not unique and general consequences for local health system governance are discussed. © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.","y","European Journal of Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"review of public health input into heathcare",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Amsterdam",4,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T290,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"amsterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T290,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsamsterdam",30,3,1]
["Bartecchi, C.; Alsever, R. N.; Nevin-Woods, C.; Thomas, W. M.; Estacio, R. O.; Bartelson, B. B.; Krantz, M. J.",2006,"Reduction in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction associated with a citywide smoking ordinance","BACKGROUND - Secondhand smoke exposure increases the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). One study (Helena, Mont) examined the issue and found a decrease in AMI associated with a smoke-free ordinance. We sought to determine the impact of a smoke-free ordinance on AMI admission rates in another geographically isolated community (Pueblo, Colo). METHODS AND RESULTS - We assessed AMI hospitalizations in Pueblo during a 3-year period, 1.5 years before and 1.5 years after implementation of a smoke-free ordinance. We compared the AMI hospitalization rates among individuals residing within city limits, the area where the ordinance applied, versus those outside city limits. We also compared AMI rates during this time period with another geographically isolated but proximal community, El Paso County, Colo, that did not have an ordinance. A total of 855 patients were hospitalized with a diagnosis of primary AMI in Pueblo between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2004. A reduction in AMI hospitalizations was observed in the period after the ordinance among Pueblo city limit residents (relative risk [RR]=0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63 to 0.85). No significant changes in AMI rates were observed among residents outside city limits (RR=0.85, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.16) or in El Paso County during the same period (RR=0.97, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.06). The reduction in AMI rate within Pueblo differed significantly from changes in the external control group (El Paso County) even after adjustment for seasonal trends (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS - A public ordinance reducing exposure to secondhand smoke was associated with a decrease in AMI hospitalizations in Pueblo, Colo, which supports previous data from a smaller study. © 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.","y","Circulation","Embase","Journal Article","reduced smoking",1,7,2,"smoking legislation",2,"not stated",4,0,0,"Pueblo, Colo",165,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T291,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Pueblo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T291,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Colombia"},"ColombiaPueblo",21,2,2]
["Fernandez, A.; Osrin, D.",2006,"The city initiative for newborn health","This article describes the critical first steps taken to revitalize the vast public health system of Mumbai City through the active participation of personnel from within the system. It focuses on one of two components of an ambitious action-research project aimed at improving the survival and health of newborn infants and mothers living in slum communities in Mumbai. © 2006 Fernandez and Osrin.","y","PLoS Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","Improved survival and health of babies and mothers",1,37,2,"revitaise the public health system",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Mubai",139,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T292,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mumbai"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T292,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"india"},"indiaMumbai",32,4,0]
["Glouberman, S.; Gemar, M.; Campsie, P.; Miller, G.; Armstrong, J.; Newman, C.; Siotis, A.; Groff, P.",2006,"A framework for improving health in cities: A discussion paper","This paper considers health in cities from the perspective of complex adaptive systems. This approach has a number of important implications for intervention that do not emerge in traditional accounts of cities and health. The paper reviews various accounts of the nature of cities and of health as well as the traditional urban health and Healthy Cities movements. It then provides a framework for intervention and tests it against an actual case study. It concludes that a complex adaptive systems framework opens up fresh possibilities for improving health in urban contexts. © 2006 The New York Academy of Medicine.","y","Journal of Urban Health","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"complex adaptive system",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T293,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T293,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Ziff, M. A.; Harper, G. W.; Chutuape, K. S.; Deeds, B. G.; Futterman, D.; Francisco, V. T.; Muenz, L. R.; Ellen, J. M.",2006,"Laying the foundation for Connect to Protect: A multi-site community mobilization intervention to reduce HIV/AIDS incidence and prevalence among urban youth","Despite the considerable resources that have been dedicated to HIV prevention interventions and services over the past decade, HIV incidence among young people in the United States remains alarmingly high. One reason is that the majority of prevention efforts continue to focus solely on modifying individual behavior, even though public health research strongly suggests that changes to a community's structural elements, such as their programs, practices, and laws or policies, may result in more effective and sustainable outcomes. Connect to Protect is a multi-city community mobilization intervention that focuses on altering or creating community structural elements in ways that will ultimately reduce youth HIV incidence and prevalence. The project, which spans 6 years, is sponsored by the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions at multiple urban clinical research sites. This paper provides an overview of the study's three phases and describes key factors in setting a firm foundation for the initiation and execution of this type of undertaking. Connect to Protect's community mobilization approach to achieving structural change represents a relatively new and broad direction in HIV prevention research. To optimize opportunities for its success, time and resources must be initially placed into laying the groundwork. This includes activities such as building a strong overarching study infrastructure to ensure protocol tasks can be met across sites; tapping into local site and community expertise and knowledge; forming collaborative relationships between sites and community organizations and members; and fostering community input on and support for changes at a structural level. Failing to take steps such as these may lead to insurmountable implementation problems for an intervention of this kind. © 2006 The New York Academy of Medicine.","y","Journal of Urban Health","Embase","Journal Article","HIV / AIDS prevention",1,2,1,"changes to the community environment",0,"community mobilisation",0,0,0,"multi city (not stated) (USA)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T294,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T294,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Larson, K.; Levy, J.; Rome, M. G.; Matte, T. D.; Silver, L. D.; Frieden, T. R.",2006,"Public health detailing: A strategy to improve the delivery of clinical preventive services in New York City","To promote use of essential clinical preventive services, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene developed the Public Health Detailing Program, a primary care provider outreach initiative modeled on pharmaceutical detailing. Department representatives conducted topical campaigns, making unscheduled visits to health care practices and meeting with providers and office staff members. Representatives distributed \"action kits\" containing practice tools, provider information, and patient education materials; nicotine replacement therapy was distributed during the smoking cessation campaign. More than 2,500 interactions with practice staff members were completed by six health department representatives at approximately 200 sites. Physician visits lasted 10 minutes or longer, and by provider self-report, use of office systems for prevention and adherence to recommended practices increased. Public health detailing is an effective method of reaching providers to deliver key prevention messages, feasible for public health agencies and acceptable to practices. The effectiveness of this intervention in improving clinical prevention services requires further evaluation. ©2006 Association of Schools of Public Health.","y","Public Health Reports",null,"Journal Article","prevention",2,50,2,"Public health detailing' outreach topical training to primary care on prevention advice / services ",1,"NYC DOHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T295,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T295,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Yaggy, S. D.; Michener, J. L.; Yaggy, D.; Champagne, M. T.; Silberberg, M.; Lyn, M.; Johnson, F.; Yarnall, K. S. H.",2006,"Just for us: An academic medical center-community partnership to maintain the health of a frail low-income senior population","Purpose: To promote health and maintain independence, Just for Us provides financially sustainable, in-home, integrated care to medically fragile, low-income seniors and disabled adults living in subsidized housing. Design and Methods: The program pprovides primary care, care management, and mental health services delivered in patient's homes by a multidisciplinary, multiagency team. Results: After 2 years of operation, Just for Us is serving nearly 300 individuals in 10 buildings. The program is demonstrating improvement in individual indices of health. Medicaid expenditures for enrollees are shifting from ambulances and hospital services to pharmacy, personal care, and outpatient visits. The program is not breaking even, but it is moving toward that goal. The program's success is based on a partnership involving an academic medical center, a community health center, county social and mental health agencies, and a city housing authority to coordinate and leverage services. Implications: Just for Us is becoming a financially sustainable way of creating a \"system within a nonsystem\" for low-income elderly persons in clustered housing. Copyright 2006 by The Gerontological Society of America.","y","Gerontologist","Embase","Journal Article","promote health and independence",2,38,2,"integrated in home support for frail low income vulnerable population",3,"collaboration",2,0,0,"not stated (USA)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T296,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T296,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["MacPherson, D.; Mulla, Z.; Richardson, L.",2006,"The evolution of drug policy in Vancouver, Canada: Strategies for preventing harm from psychoactive substance use","In December of 2000, the City of Vancouver released its Four Pillars Drug Strategy in response to a serious public health crisis driven by illicit drug use in Vancouver. Following initial actions in the area of harm reduction and enforcement, in June 2005 the City of Vancouver developed its draft prevention plan titled \"Preventing Harm from Psychoactive Substance Use\". The plan is based on a synthesis of international research and evaluation, examples of successful programs from other jurisdictions, and a community dialogue process. Its recommendations fall under five key prevention priorities, including reducing risk factors and increasing protective factors across the life course, community centred interventions, addressing impacts on communities, legislative and public policy change and regulated markets. Together, these prevention priorities form an integrated plan to prevent harm from substance use. This article provides a description of the process leading to the development of the plan and seeks to articulate its key strategies.","y","International Journal of Drug Policy","Embase","Journal Article","substance misuse",1,13,2,"integrated plan to prevent harm from sustance use",7,"not stated",0,0,0,"Vancouver (Canada)",223,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T297,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Vancouver"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T297,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaVancouver",2,1,0]
["Agostoni, C.",2006,"Popular health education and propaganda in times of peace and war in Mexico City, 1890s-1920s","Health education and propaganda acquired importance during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Mexico City, as physicians, hygienists, and schoolteachers attempted to teach the principles of public health to a culturally and socially heterogeneous urban population. I explore the organization of the Popular Hygiene Exhibition of 1910 and the importance of health education before and after the armed phase of the Mexican Revolution, and why children and the indigenous populations became the main recipients of health education programs.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"health education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Mexico City",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T298,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T298,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,2,0]
["Daiski, I.",2005,"The health bus: healthcare for marginalized populations","The Health Bus, an innovative outreach program, serves the marginalized population of a large Canadian city. In this article, a needs assessment/evaluation study of its services is discussed. Barriers to mainstream healthcare and solutions are examined. This study was qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory and surveyed 58 client volunteers of the program through semistructured interviews and focus groups. Thematic analysis of data was carried out. The Health Bus was found to provide basic healthcare and supplies effectively. Clients value respectful treatment, competency of healthcare professionals, and accessibility, whereas disrespectful treatments and lack of transportation are barriers to mainstream healthcare. A conclusion of this study is that Health Bus services should be expanded with clients' input. Mainstream institutions need flexibility and a change in attitudes toward the marginalized.","y","Policy, politics & nursing practice","Embase","Journal Article","marginilised groups access to healthcare",2,0,2,"outreach 'health bus'",3,"not  stated",3,0,0,"large canadian city (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T299,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T299,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",2,1,1]
["Helm, T. J.",2005,"Advancing asthma management: asthma care education and improved outcomes","According to the American Lung Association, the National Center for Health Statistics, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 15 million to 20 million Americans have asthma. Those numbers include approximately 5 million to 6 million children younger than 18 years of age. Asthma is the most common chronic illness among children, and it is one of the main causes of emergency room visits, inpatient admissions, and school absenteeism, especially among those younger than 15 years of age. In Minnesota, approximately 8% of middle school students have asthma, and another 18% may have the disease. The highest rates are found in the Twin Cities metro area. This article describes an educational program to help physicians make more accurate diagnoses and improve asthma care by providing evidence-based treatment.","y","Minnesota medicine","Embase","Journal Article","asthma management",2,5,2,"education programme for physicians",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Minnesota",130,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T300,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Minnesota"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T300,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaMinnesota",1,1,0]
["Shields, K. M.; Pruski, C. E.",2005,"MAPP in action in San Antonio, Texas","San Antonio was selected as an official Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) demonstration site by National Association of County and City Officials in 2000. The San Antonio Metropolitan Health District, under the leadership of Dr Fernando A. Guerra, agreed to facilitate the process. The MAPP process provided the San Antonio Metropolitan Health District, the local public health authority, a defined process for community health improvement, as well as a mechanism to help bridge the gap between public health and the community. The San Antonio Metropolitan Health District organized a Core Planning Team to lead the MAPP process in April 2001. By October 2002, the Core Planning Team was expanded to a full community working group named the Alliance for Community Health in San Antonio and Bexar County (Alliance). The Alliance identified six strategic issues, which eventually became the basis of the San Antonio Community Health Improvement Plan. The strategic issues are Public Policy, Data Tracking, Healthy Lifestyles, Promoting a Sense of Community, Access to Care, and Safe Environment. San Antonio's MAPP experience has been successful in bringing together the public health system partners, and establishing public health priorities collectively. The MAPP process has resulted in the development of many new initiatives, and, most important, has opened the door to many partnership opportunities in the future. The work of the Alliance, through the MAPP process, has helped to leverage resources for public health improvement in San Antonio, and has the potential to effect positive change in public health in the future.","y","Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","Embase","Journal Article","health improvement",1,0,2,"created a health improvement plan",7,"national programme",8,2,0,"San Antonio",179,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T301,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Antonio"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T301,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Antonio",1,1,1]
["Andrade, L. O.; Bareta, I. C.; Gomes, C. F.; Canuto, O. M.",2005,"Public health policies as guides for local public policies: the experience of Sobral-Ceara, Brazil","The accelerated urbanisation process that Brazil has gone through in the last 50 years has given rise to daunting challenges for public managers, especially in terms of local public policy management for the building of \"healthy cities\". In Sobral, a municipality of 173,000 inhabitants in Ceara in the North-eastern region of Brazil, a number of municipal policies were initiated beginning in 1997, many in partnership with the federal and state governments. They were inspired by the vision of a healthy and equitable city and were marked by strategic planning and the implementation of intersectoral projects. This article lays out some of the actions and their results, including an increase in the public supply of drinking water from 65% to 97% of households; an increase in sewage networks from 7% to 65%; an increase in public refuse collection from 42% to 90%; the expansion of green areas; the construction of nine kilometres of bicycle paths; the universalisation of integral health care through the Family Health Strategy through a network with specialised out-patient and hospital services; and a 148% increase in the number of children enrolled in primary school. These initiatives also resulted in the improvement of quality of life indicators, including a reduction in infant mortality from 61.4 to 19.0 per thousand live births, a drop in the mortality rate from traffic accidents from 33.40 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2001 to 15.25 in 2003; and a jump in literacy rates among children in the first cycle of primary school from 40 to 90.7%. In the present article, the authors describe some of the successful strategies and projects initiated between 1997 and 2003, and discuss how this experience could be reproduced in other communities across Brazil and around the world.","y","Promotion & education","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"intersectoral initiatives",7,"policy initiative in partnership with central government",1,0,0,"Sobral (Brazil) 173k",196,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T302,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sobral"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T302,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSobral",14,2,1]
["Reifsnider, E.; Dominguez, A.; Friesenhahn, J.; Hodges, P.; Chapin, C.; Sims, W. B.",2005,"Collaboration with city agencies: A winning approach to community assessment","Five graduate nursing students made a difference in the health of San Antonio citizens by conducting a community assessment as part of a standard clinical activity in their community health nursing course. The students and their professor were able to effect city-wide change for health protection and promotion through collaboration with the City of San Antonio Planning Department (CSAPD). By compiling information, linking organizations, and speaking before community groups about the importance of a fluoridated water supply, the students generated public interest and momentum, which resulted in a successful vote to add fluoride to the wa ter supply. In addition, they were able to add to the assessment compiled by the Planning Department employees and increase the CSAPD's awareness of health concerns as an important area to assess within a community. The resulting assessment was more comprehensive than it would have been without the students' input. This use of collaboration provides a model other faculty may adopt for community assessment.","y","Journal of Nursing Education","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,27,2,"fluoridated water supply",2,"collaboration",2,0,0,"San Antonio",179,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T303,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Antonio"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T303,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Antonio",1,1,0]
["Cutler, D.; Miller, G.",2005,"The role of public health improvements in health advances: The twentieth-century United States","Mortality rates in the United States fell more rapidly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries than in any other period in American history. This decline coincided with an epidemiological transition and the disappearance of a mortality \"penalty\" associated with living in urban areas. There is little empirical evidence and much unresolved debate about what caused these improvements, however. In this article, we report the causal influence of clean water technologies-filtration and chlorination-on mortality in major cities during the early twentieth century. Plausibly exogenous variation in the timing and location of technology adoption was used to identify these effects, and the validity of this identifying assumption is examined in detail. We found that clean water was responsible for nearly half the total mortality reduction in major cities, three quarters of the infant mortality reduction, and nearly two thirds of the child mortality reduction. Rough calculations suggest that the social rate of return to these technologies was greater than 23 to 1, with a cost per person-year saved by clean water of about $500 in 2003 dollars. Implications for developing countries are briefly considered.","y","Demography","Embase","Journal Article","imporved health",1,0,2,"clean water",2,"technology - water filtration",0,0,0,"American Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T304,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T304,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,2]
["Manley, D.",2005,"Dual diagnosis: co-existence of drug, alcohol and mental health problems","The Department of Health (DoH) published a set of good practice implementation guidelines on dual diagnosis in May 2002. This guidance suggests that in order to improve the prognosis for clients who have mental health problems and who drink or take drugs problematically, mental health and substance misuse services should adopt an integrated service model. There is a considerable amount of American-based research supporting this approach, but little evidence from the UK researchers demonstrating its application in the UK. This article offers an example of a service that has been developed in the city of Nottingham and argues that this client group will be served most effectively if mental health services support specialist dual-diagnosis resources. Integrated care pathways for this client group can be developed and led by specialist clinicians acting as consultants to mental health services (DoH, 2002a). This consultancy role within mental health services enhances the links needed between substance misuse and mental health services. As a result, specialist dual-diagnosis teams are best placed to increase positive prognoses for clients by ensuring evidence-based substance misuse skills are utilized and adapted by mental health teams to ensure fully integrated care coordination.","y","British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)","Embase","Journal Article","improved mental health and substance mis-use services",2,13,2,"Integrated mental health and substance mis-use service",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Nottingham",148,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T305,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nottingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T305,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandNottingham",3,3,0]
["Verheijden, M. W.; Kok, F. J.",2005,"Public health impact of community-based nutrition and lifestyle interventions","Community-based interventions have increasingly received attention since researchers and public health professionals have come to acknowledge the importance of an environment that makes the healthy choice the easy choice. All stakeholders including the target community are involved to achieve changes in legislation, in people's social and physical context, and in individual characteristics that support healthy diets and other lifestyles. Some early large-scale community-based heart health interventions showed promising results. The Stanford Five City Project, for example, showed net improvements in knowledge of coronary heart disease risk factors of approximately 12%. Net declines in smoking prevalence (14%), cholesterol (2%), and systolic (3%) and diastolic (5%) blood pressure were also observed. Most later studies did not replicate these findings and it was therefore suggested that community-based interventions, which require substantial commitment and resources, may be less effective than approaches targeting high-risk groups. We present the rationale and theories for community-based interventions, and then elaborate on the methodological challenges in the design and the outcome and process evaluation of community-based interventions. We provide an overview of some of the evidence on the effectiveness of community-based heart health interventions and conclude with the perspectives for community-based interventions in future research and practice. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group. All rights reserved.","y","European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,26,2,"nutrition and lifestyle interventions (Stanford Five City)",0,"community based intervention",4,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T306,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T306,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,2]
["Lagoe, R. J.; Dauley-Altwarg, J.; Mnich, S. E.; Winks, L. M.",2005,"A community-wide program to improve the efficiency of care between nursing homes and hospitals","Context: The program was an effort to work cooperatively, made by caregivers from both acute care and long-term care facilities in a community-wide setting of competing providers. Objective: The objective of the program was to improve the outcomes and efficiency of the community healthcare system by expediting the movement of patients to appropriate services. Design/Interventions: The program included a system efficiency project that provided timely identification of appropriate patients with attractive payer statuses to nursing homes in return for admission of difficult-to-place patients. The program also included a community-wide pool to fund intravenous antibiotic therapy and high-cost oral and subcutaneous medications in nursing homes. Setting: The program was implemented in the metropolitan area of Syracuse, New York, which includes 4 general hospitals, 12 nursing homes, and a population of approximately 590,000. Main Outcome Measures: The principal outcomes evaluated included hospital lengths of stay for all patients discharged to nursing homes and numbers of patients for the medication program. Results: The program resulted in a 14.3% reduction in number of days per hospital stay for patients discharged to nursing homes between January 2002 and March 2004. During the same period, the mean census of nonacute, alternate care patients in the community declined by 60.9%, from 28.9 to 11.3. During the first year of implementation, the intravenous antibiotic program served 48 patients, 30% of the estimated number of candidates. The implementation of the high-cost oral and subcutaneous medications program appeared to have reduced the numbers of nonacute patients in hospitals. Conclusion: Results of the program suggested that improvements in accessibility and efficiency of long-term care and related services could be achieved through incentives that fit the realities of a competitive healthcare system. These mechanisms included a process to make attractive patients more accessible to nursing homes, as well as a method to program development funding for appropriate patients. ©2005 Medscape.","y","Topics in Advanced Practice Nursing","Embase","Journal Article","improve outcomes and efficiency of community healthcare system",2,40,2,"project to improve movement of patients between hosptial and community healthcare",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Syracuse (New York, America) (pop 590k)",208,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T307,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Syracuse"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T307,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSyracuse",1,1,1]
["Miller, N.; Frieden, T. R.; Liu, S. Y.; Matte, T. D.; Mostashari, F.; Deitcher, D. R.; Cummings, K. M.; Chang, C.; Bauer, U.; Bassett, M. T.",2005,"Effectiveness of a large-scale distribution programme of free nicotine patches: A prospective evaluation","Background: After an increase in cigarette taxes and implementation of smoke-free workplace legislation, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, the New York State Department of Health, and the Roswell Park Cancer Institute undertook large-scale distribution of free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). We did a 6 month follow-up survey to assess the success of this programme in improving smoking cessation on a population basis. Methods: 34 090 eligible smokers who phoned a toll-free quitline were sent a 6-week course of nicotine patches (2 weeks each of 21 mg, 14 mg, and 7 mg per day). Brief follow-up counselling calls were attempted. At 6 months after treatment, we assessed smoking status of 1305 randomly sampled NRT recipients and a non-randomly selected comparison group of eligible smokers who, because of mailing errors, did not receive the treatment. NRT recipients were compared with local survey-derived data for heavy smokers in New York City. Findings: An estimated 5% of all adults in New York City who smoked ten cigarettes or more daily received NRT; most (64%) recipients were non-white, foreign-born, or resided in a low-income neighbourhood. Of individuals contacted at 6 months, more NRT recipients than comparison group members successfully quit smoking (33% vs 6%, p<0.0001), and this difference remained significant after adjustment for demographic factors and amount smoked (odds ratio 8.8, 95% CI 4.4-17.8). Highest quit rates were associated with those who were foreign born (87 [39%]), older than 65 years (40 [47%]), and smoked less than 20 cigarettes per day (116 [35%]). Those who received a counselling call were more likely to stop smoking than those who did not (246 [38%] vs 189 [27%], p=0.001). With the conservative assumption that every 6-month follow-up survey non-respondent continued to smoke, the stop rate among NRT recipients was 20%. At least 6038 successful quits were attributable to NRT receipt, and cost was US$464 per quit. Interpretation: Easy access to cessation medication for diverse populations could help many more smokers to stop.","y","Lancet","Embase","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"free nicotine replacemetn therapy ",3,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T308,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T308,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["McKinley, G.; Zuk, M.; Hojer, M.; Avalos, M.; Gonzalez, I.; Iniestra, R.; Laguna, I.; Martinez, M. A.; Osnaya, P.; Reynales, L. M.; Valdes, R.; Martinez, J.",2005,"Quantification of local and global benifits from air pollution control in Mexico City","Complex sociopolitical, economic, and geographical realities cause the 20 million residents of Mexico City to suffer from some of the worst air pollution conditions in the world. Greenhouse gas emissions from the city are also substantial, and opportunities for joint local-global air pollution control are being sought. Although a plethora of measures to improve local air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions have been proposed for Mexico City, resources are not available for implementation of all proposed controls and thus prioritization must occur. Yet policy makers often do not conduct comprehensive quantitative analyses to inform these decisions. We reanalyze a subset of currently proposed control measures, and derive cost and health benefit estimates that are directly comparable. This study illustrates that improved quantitative analysis can change implementation prioritization for air pollution and greenhouse gas control measures in Mexico City. © 2005 American Chemical Society.","y","Environmental Science and Technology","Embase","Journal Article","air pollution",1,16,2,"various initiatives to reduce air pollution",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Mexico City",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T309,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T309,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,2,0]
["Petrella, R. J.; Speechley, M.; Kleinstiver, P. W.; Ruddy, T.",2005,"Impact of a social marketing media campaign on public awareness of hypertension","Background: Barriers to high blood pressure (BP) awareness and control are exacerbated by poor knowledge of the consequences and uncertainty regarding how to and who should direct care. We developed a social marketing hypertension awareness program to determine baseline awareness, knowledge, and treatment behavior, and then studied the impact of a targeted, media intervention among randomly surveyed adults at risk in a representative urban community compared to a control community immediately and 6 months after the intervention. Methods: The program consisted of three random-digit telephone surveys conducted in two mid-sized Ontario cities to determine high BP awareness, knowledge, and treatment behavior. Using baseline knowledge and attitudes toward high BP in both communities, a social marketing awareness strategy and mass media intervention campaign incorporating television, radio, print, direct to patient, and interactive techniques was developed and implemented in the test city only. Both test and control cities were resurveyed immediately after and at 6 months post-media intervention to detect change and decay. Results: A sample of 6873 men and women more than 35 years old who were aware of their high BP demonstrated a high prevalence of high BP in the general population (~34% in both communities). At baseline this population had poor knowledge of their own BP numbers and poor understanding of the diseases related to high BP. Although few considered high BP a health concern, they had good understanding of lifestyle interventions for high BP prevention and control. The number of the respondents who claimed to have high BP increased immediately after intervention in the test city (38%; P <. 02), whereas the number of respondents who were treated and uncontrolled decreased (P <. 05) compared to control. There was a significant increase in patients' knowledge of consequences and in their perception that they were most responsible for high BP control in the test city (P <. 005) compared to control. At 6 months, no further changes were observed in those claiming to have high BP in either city, whereas decay to baseline in those treated but not controlled and those claiming responsibility for their BP control was observed in the test city. No changes were observed in the control city accept for an increase from baseline to 6 months in the percentage claiming to be treated but uncontrolled. We were unable to determine whether the increase in number treated but uncontrolled was due to a higher treatment rate, similar treatment rate but more patients being uncontrolled, or a combination of these scenarios. Conclusions: High BP is very prevalent in adults and knowledge of lifestyle options for management is encouraging. In the short-term, although our media awareness program increased the number of respondents claiming to have high BP and patient self-efficacy for BP control, this was not maintained. We did not change knowledge of consequences or importantly, the health importance of BP control among those at risk. Hence, in addition to a mass media campaign, attention should be focused on dissemination of awareness knowledge information through medical professionals at the point of care. © 2005 American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd.","y","American Journal of Hypertension","Embase","Journal Article","reducing high blood pressure",1,4,2,"social media campaign",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Mid sized Ontario city",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T310,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T310,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",2,1,1]
["Wale, J. B.; Moon, R. R.",2005,"Engaging patients and family members in patient safety - The experience of the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation","As one of its strategies to improve care, the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) has launched a number of initiatives to increase patient and family member involvement in the delivery of mental health services, including the hiring of peer counselors and the use of parent advocates. The effort to orient mental health services toward a more rehabilitative and recovery model has resulted in a significant change in the clinical culture. The article outlines patient and family member initiatives undertaken by the Corporation and offers some preliminary results that show the strong bond between increased patient and family member involvement and patient safety. © 2005 Springer Science-Business Media, Inc.","y","Psychiatric Quarterly","Embase","Journal Article","improve mental health care",2,25,2,"peer counselors and parent advocates",1,"service improvement (NYC Hospitals Corporation)",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T311,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T311,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Kellogg, S. H.; Burns, M.; Coleman, P.; Stitzer, M.; Wale, J. B.; Kreek, M. J.",2005,"Something of value: The introduction of contingency management interventions into the New York City Health and Hospital Addiction Treatment Service","This paper explores the impact of the adoption of the contingency management approach by the Chemical Dependency Treatment Services of the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC). The utilization of this approach grew out of an alliance between NIDA Clinical Trials Network-affiliated clinicians and researchers and a leadership team at the HHC. Interviews and dialogues with administrators, staff, and patients revealed a shared sense that the use of contingency management had: (1) increased patient motivation for treatment and recovery; (2) facilitated therapeutic progress and goal attainment; (3) improved the attitude and morale of many staff members and administrators; and (4) developed a more collegial and affirming relationship not only between patients and staff, but also among staff members. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","y","Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment","Embase","Journal Article","imporved addiction treatment services",2,13,2,"introduced contingency management interventions",3,"service improvement (NYC Hospitals Corporation)",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T312,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T312,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Sogoric, S.; Middleton, J.; Lang, S.; Ivankovic, D.; Kern, J.",2005,"A naturalistic inquiry on the impact of interventions aiming to improve health and the quality of life in the community","The goal of this study is to identify and describe variables contributing to the efficiency of health promotion interventions, and to assess whether these variables can serve as reliable and early indicators of the success of such interventions. The study sample includes 44 interventions selected through a network of key informants from five cities - Liverpool, Sandwell, Vienna, Pula, and Rijeka - by using a chain technique. Data on each intervention are collected through an in-depth interview with a program leader, the collection of project-related documents, and on-site observation. Qualitative analysis of data performed with content analysis and computer-assisted free-text analysis reveals different characteristics of interventions depending on whether they are initiated by the city government sector, health-care system, or citizens sector (independent of the city or country). The assessment of the efficiency of these three groups of interventions also differs because of varying features, scope (activity potentials) and impact they are able to accomplish. We have identified ways in which the efficiency of all three groups of interventions can be improved. The efficiency of the interventions within the city sector can be increased through an improved process of delegation to other sectors, higher involvement of user groups, and higher receptivity and organizational flexibility. The efficiency of the interventions within the citizens sector can be improved through professional, organizational, and financial support. Support from the professional community is important for citizens sector interventions in confirming the importance of the problem they address and legitimizing the actions they propose and undertake. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","y","Social Science and Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","improved health",1,0,2,"44 interventions",0,"city government led, or health-care system led, or citizen led",5,0,0,"five cities, Liverpool, Sandwell, Vienna, Pula and Rijeka",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T313,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T313,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Walrath, C. M.; Bruns, E. J.; Anderson, K. L.; Glass-Siegal, M.; Weist, M. D.",2004,"Understanding expanded school mental health services in Baltimore City","This article explores the nature of expanded school mental health (ESMH) services in Baltimore City, which at the time of the study were incorporated into 40% of the city's public schools. A provider survey was distributed to ESMH clinicians to gather information on the characteristics of service providers and recipients, types of services being provided, and their proposed outcomes. Provider reports indicated an impressive service capacity, augmentation of traditional school-based services, and the continual need for increased mental health service hours in their buildings. In addition, the most frequently voiced benefits of the ESMH programs were increased mental health awareness and improved school climate. Implications of the findings for future programming development and research are discussed.","y","Behavior modification","Embase","Journal Article","Mental health",1,25,2,"expanding MH services in schools",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T314,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T314,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Nishtar, S.; Mirza, Y. A.; Jehan, S.; Hadi, Y.; Badar, A.; Yusuf, S.; Shahab, S.",2004,"Newspaper articles as a tool for cardiovascular prevention programs in a developing country","The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in knowledge and attitudes as intermediate measures of community impact of a health education campaign using newspaper articles. The intervention involved prominently placed, illustrated newspaper articles by Heartfile (http://heartfile.org) with nationwide urban outreach, posted regularly in the largest English newspaper in Pakistan using newspaper donated space for a period of 130 consecutive weeks. The post intervention evaluation involved a cross sectional telephone survey in a major city. In the total sample, 26.5% were readers of the newspaper and majority of them (72%) stated that they were regular readers. These 500 persons were eligible for the interview; of these, 93% remembered having seen the Heartfile articles. In this group, 87% of the respondents stated that the articles significantly supplemented their knowledge about diet, and in 5% they were the sole source of information. With respect to exercise, these articles supplemented the knowledge of 77% of the respondents and were the sole source of information for 9% whereas in the case of smoking, knowledge was supplemented in 85% and the articles were the sole source of information in 4% of the cases. Of those interviewed, 40% reported that they had made some dietary changes, 39% made some changes in their exercise habits and 8% reduced the amount of tobacco consumption as a result of reading these articles. In relation to newspaper articles, the per article production cost was US$ 169 and the articles were read regularly by an estimated 0.66 million and occasionally by 0.79 million individuals all over the country. Newspaper articles are a useful supplement to other health education activitiesas part of cardiovascular disease prevention programs. Lessons from the Heartfile experience in Pakistan could be useful for other similar initiatives in low resource settings.","y","Journal of Health Communication","Embase","Journal Article","cardiovascular health",1,26,2,"health education campaign using newpaer articles",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"city in pakistan",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T315,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T315,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",43,4,1]
["Vlahov, D.; Gibble, E.; Freudenberg, N.; Galea, S.",2004,"Cities and health: History, approaches, and key questions","The majority of the world's population will live in cities in the next few years, and the pace of urbanization worldwide will continue to accelerate over the coming decades. Such a dramatic demographic shift can be expected to have an impact on population health. Although there has been historic interest in how city living is associated with health, this interest has waxed and waned and a cogent framework has yet to evolve that encompasses key issues in urban health. In this article, the authors discuss three alternate approaches to the study of urban health today; these include considering urban health from the perspective of a presumed urban health penalty, from an urban sprawl perspective, and more comprehensively, considering how urban living conditions may be associated with health. The authors also propose three key questions that may help guide the study and practice of urban health in coming decades. These include considering what specific features of cities are causally related to health, the extent to which these features are unique to a particular city or are different between cities, and ultimately, to what extent these features of cities are modifiable in order to allow interventions that can improve the health of urban populations.","y","Academic Medicine",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"urban environment and living conditions on health",0,"none stated",0,0,0,"various",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T316,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T316,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Doljanin, K.; Olaris, K.",2004,"Subsidised Cafe Meals Program: More than \"just a cheap meal\"","This paper describes the Cafe Meals Program that is operating in the City of Yarra. The Program has resulted from a collaboration of North Yarra Community Health (NYCH) and City of Yarra, and aims to improve access to nutritious, affordable and socially acceptable meals for homeless people. The Program forms a part of City of Yarra's Meals Program; it is managed by NYCH. The Cafe Meals Program is currently feeding 50-60 homeless people in Yarra. It targets those who are homeless (or at risk of becoming homeless), who find it difficult to prepare their own meals, and who have no other prepared meal options that are appropriate for them in the community. It provides a choice of four local cafes and restaurants for its participants. Each person is provided with a membership card that can be used once per day to purchase a meal (to the value of $8.80) for the price of $2.00. The program empowers clients by giving them control over when, where and what they will eat. It also enables the homeless person to participate in the life of the community by dining in venues where the general community eats and socialises. This improved sense of social connectedness and inclusion can have significant effects on the self-esteem of the program participants, and, subsequently, on their ability to make choices that improve their health and wellbeing. This paper presents this innovative program in detail and provides some insight into its outcomes, the components of the program that make it work, as well as the challenges that the program has had to address.","y","Australian Journal of Primary Health","Embase","Journal Article","meals for homeless people",1,28,2,"subsidised meals",3,"collaboration city and health",5,0,0,"Yarra",227,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T317,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Yarra"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T317,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},"AustraliaYarra",9,5,1]
["Molina, L. T.; Molina, M. J.",2004,"Improving air quality in megacities: Mexico City case study","The development and effective implementation of solutions to the air pollution problems in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area is essential to guarantee the health and welfare of its inhabitants. To achieve this, it is essential to have the active and informed participation of the civil society, the academic community, the private sector, and the government, because dealing with pollution requires the use of different strategies in multiple fields of action. The Mexico City case study brings together health, transportation, administration, and many other interdisciplinary approaches to understanding and defeating air pollution. Although focused on the Mexico City area, the work conducted under this case study has significance for developing nations generally. Although policies to reduce air pollution should be based on the best available scientific knowledge, political will and capacity must transform this knowledge into action. This case study has developed a series of recommendations emphasizing the interaction between different disciplines that have provided the foundation for the 10-year air quality management program prepared by the Mexican Metropolitan Environmental Commission.","y",null,"Embase","Book","air quality",1,16,2,"various initiatives as part of a comprehensive plan",7,"policy and collaboration",1,2,0,"Mexico City",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T318,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T318,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,2,0]
["Kallenbach, A.; Ludwig-Beymer, P.; Welsh, C.; Norris, J.; Giloth, B.",2003,"Process improvement for asthma. An integrated approach","At least 18 million people in the United States have asthma. Despite the publication of national guidelines, the delivery of care has not substantially changed. This article describes a program at Chicago city sites to improve the delivery of care to adults and children with asthma. Using consistent comprehensive patient education materials, innovative provider education, and a variety of continuous quality improvement interventions including creation of a designated practitioner, this project enhances partnership between patients and health care providers.","y","Journal of nursing care quality","Embase","Journal Article","Ashma Services",2,5,2,"Quality improvement of Asthma services",1,"none stated",0,0,0,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T319,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T319,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",1,1,0]
["Needle, R. H.; Trotter, Ii R. T.; Singer, M.; Bates, C.; Page, J. B.; Metzger, D.; Marcelin, L. H.",2003,"Rapid Assessment of the HIV/AIDS Crisis in Racial and Ethnic Minority Communities: An Approach for Timely Community Interventions","Objectives. The US Department of Health and Human Services, in collaboration with the Congressional Black Caucus, created a new initiative to address the disproportionate ongoing HIV/AIDS crisis in racial/ethnic minority populations. Methods. This initiative included deploying technical assistance teams through the Office of HIV/AIDS Policy. The teams introduced rapid assessment and response methodologies and trained minority communities in their use. Results. The first 3 eligible cities (Detroit, Miami, and Philadelphia) focused assessments in small geographic areas, using multiple methodologies to obtain data. Conclusions. Data from the first 3 eligible cities provided critical information about changing the dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic at the local level, including program and policy changes and infrastructure redeployment targeted at the most serious social and environmental conditions.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","HIV prevention and treatment",1,2,1,"techinical assistance teams to cities",1,"national programme",8,0,0,"Detroit, Miami and Philadelphia",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T320,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T320,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Pucher, J.; Dijkstra, L.",2003,"Promoting Safe Walking and Cycling to Improve Public Health: Lessons from The Netherlands and Germany","Objectives. We examined the public health consequences of unsafe and inconvenient walking and bicycling conditions in American cities to suggest improvements based on successful policies in The Netherlands and Germany. Methods. Secondary data from national travel and crash surveys were used to compute fatality trends from 1975 to 2001 and fatality and injury rates for pedestrians and cyclists in The Netherlands, Germany, and the United States in 2000. Results. American pedestrians and cyclists were much more likely to be killed or injured than were Dutch and German pedestrians and cyclists, both on a per-trip and on a per-kilometer basis. Conclusions. A wide range of measures are available to improve the safety of walking and cycling in American cities, both to reduce fatalities and injuries and to encourage walking and cycling.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","improved safety of walking and cycling",1,10,2,"wide range of initiatives",0,"not stated",1,0,0,"Dutch, German, American Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T321,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T321,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,2]
["Twiss, J.; Dickinson, J.; Duma, S.; Kleinman, T.; Paulsen, H.; Rilveria, L.",2003,"Community Gardens: Lessons Learned from California Healthy Cities and Communities","Community gardens enhance nutrition and physical activity and promote the role of public health in improving quality of life. Opportunities to organize around other issues and build social capital also emerge through community gardens. California Healthy Cities and Communities (CHCC) promotes an inclusionary and systems approach to improving community health. CHCC has funded community-based nutrition and physical activity programs in several cities. Successful community gardens were developed by many cities incorporating local leadership and resources, volunteers and community partners, and skills-building opportunities for participants. Through community garden initiatives, cities have enacted policies for interim land and complimentary water use, improved access to produce, elevated public consciousness about public health, created culturally appropriate educational and training materials, and strengthened community building skills.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","improved health",1,36,2,"community gardens",2,"state funding ",8,0,0,"Californian Cities",35,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T322,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"California"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T322,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USACalifornia",1,1,0]
["Shinn, M.; VanDevanter, N.; Bleakley, A.; Niang, K. T.; Perl, S.; Cohen, N. L.",2003,"Use of Social and Behavioral Sciences by Public Health Departments in Major Cities","Individual behavior and social contexts are critical determinants of health. We surveyed commissioners or their designees in 22 departments of health serving US cities of at least 500,000 people to examine their use of scientific approaches to influence individual behavior and social contexts. Each department used behavioral or social science in its work, but only four departments were judged to have integrated these approaches throughout their operations, using both centralized and decentralized structures. Degree of integration was unrelated to collaboration with universities or communities but was related to use of explicit theories. Behavioral and social sciences were employed most frequently in the areas of HIV/AIDS and maternal and child health and in the service of changing individual behavior rather than larger contexts, although across departments many health problems and approaches were involved. Commissioners generally found the approaches valuable, but articulated barriers to more widespread adoption.","y","Journal of Urban Health","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"behavioural and social sciences initiatives",0,"city government",5,0,0,"22 Major (at least 500k population) cities in USA",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T323,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T323,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Cohen, N. L.; Perl, S.",2003,"Integrating Behavioral and Social Science into a Public Health Agency: A Case Study of New York City","In the last century, both the health and life expectancy of Americans improved dramatically. These gains were primarily the result of advances in public health. But the approaches used may not be adequate to achieve the next level of improvements in health. Because health exists in the context of social, environmental, community, religious, political, and other spheres, ecological approaches that incorporate behavioral and social science theory and methodologies may provide the best avenue for advancing health in the 21st century. In 1999, the New York City Department of Health (NYCDOH) undertook the task of integrating behavioral and social science into its public health practice. The experience serves as a case study on the integration process at a public health agency.","y","Journal of Urban Health","EmbasUI - 2004053986","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"behavioural and social sciences initiatives",0,"NYCDOHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T324,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T324,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Fedder, D. O.; Chang, R. J.; Curry, S.; Nichols, G.",2003,"The effectiveness of a community health worker outreach program on healthcare utilization of West Baltimore City medicaid patients with diabetes, with or without hypertension","Objectives: Assess impact of community health workers (CHWs) on healthcare utilization of African-American Medicaid patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with/without hypertension (HTN). Design: Maryland Medicaid claim files were analyzed to compare utilization of emergency rooms, hospitalization, and costs in a population managed by CHWs (N=117). Setting/patients: Patients were recruited from the discharge rolls of the University of Maryland Medical System (UMMS) and/or the Maryland Diabetes Care Program from March 1992 to June 1994. Intervention: CHWs alternated weekly home visits and phone contacts to teach patients to understand the need to control their illnesses, to follow both their therapy and behavioral regimens, and to maintain appropriate visits to a primary care practitioner. Results: Total emergency room (ER) visits declined by 40%; ER admissions to hospitals declined by 33%, as did total hospital admissions; and Medicaid reimbursements declined by 27%. Conclusions: The CHW program resulted in an average savings of $2,245 per patient per year, and a total savings of $262,080 for 117 patients, with improved quality of life (QOL) indicating cost effectiveness.","y","Ethnicity and Disease","Embase","Journal Article","diabetes treatment",2,9,2,"community health worker outreach programme",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T325,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T325,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Metraux, S.; Marcus, S. C.; Culhane, D. P.",2003,"The New York-New York housing initiative and use of public shelters by persons with severe mental illness","Objective: The study examined changes in the use of shelters in New York City by mentally ill persons with a history of homelessness who received housing placements through the New York-New York (NY/NY) housing initiative between 1990 and 1999 and the impact of the initiative on the overall demand for shelter beds in the city. Methods: Computerized service records on housing, shelter use, and health care services were linked to create an integrated data set for 3,167 persons who received NY/NY housing placements, which provided mental health services, and for a matched control group of persons with mental illness who used shelters but did not receive housing placements. Regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between shelter use and receipt of a placement. Differences in postplacement shelter use between NY/NY housing recipients and the matched control group were then examined at an individual level and a population level. Results: Heavy users of the shelter system were more likely to be placed in NY/NY housing. In the two-year postplacement period, persons who received a NY/NY housing placement used, on average, 128.2 fewer shelter days than those in the control group. In 1996, the NY/NY housing initiative reduced the average nightly census in New York City shelters by an estimated 4.6 percent. Conclusions: Providing housing combined with mental health services is an effective approach to reducing shelter use among mentally ill persons who have a history of homelessness.","y","Psychiatric Services","Embase","Journal Article","homeless and mental health ",1,25,2,"housing placement initiative for homeless",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T326,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T326,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},{"$f":"+V326&U326","v":"usaNew York City"},1,1,1]
["Hubinsky, T.; Cagan, E. R.; Goodman, A.; Deitcher, D.; Page-Cook, S.; Cohen, N. L.",2002,"Hearing the voice of the community above the din of the city: New York City Turning Point","The New York City Public Health Partnership came together to guide the Turning Point Initiative and to involve communities in activities related to improving the health of the city's residents. Early decisions of the Partnership led to the convening of community forums, development of borough planning committees, and creation and implementation of a public health agenda--all of which have fostered community input and participation. Four years later, the Partnership continues to build upon lessons learned and explore ways of ensuring that community voice is incorporated into New York City's public health improvement efforts.","y","Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"involved communities and population in health matters",0,"partnership ",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T327,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T327,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Vlahov, D.; Galea, S.",2002,"Urbanization, urbanicity, and health","A majority of the world's population will live in urban areas by 2007. The most rapidly urbanizing cities are in less-wealthy nations, and the pace of growth varies among regions. There are few data linking features of cities to the health of populations. We suggest a framework to guide inquiry into features of the urban environment that affect health and well-being. We consider two key dimensions: urbanization and urbanicity. Urbanization refers to change in size, density, and heterogeneity of cities. Urbanicity refers to the impact of living in urban areas at a given time. A review of the published literature suggests that most of the important factors that affect health can be considered within three broad themes: the social environment, the physical environment, and access to health and social services. The development of urban health as a discipline will need to draw on the strengths of diverse academic areas of study (e.g., ecology, epidemiology, sociology). Cross-national research may provide insights about the key features of cities and how urbanization influences population health.","I","Journal of Urban Health","Embase","Journal Article",null,"not stated",{"$nulls":7},0,null,null,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T328,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T328,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Reger, B.; Cooper, L.; Booth-Butterfield, S.; Smith, H.; Bauman, A.; Wootan, M.; Middlestadt, S.; Marcus, B.; Greer, F.",2002,"Wheeling Walks: A community campaign using paid media to encourage walking among sedentary older adults","Background. Mass media may effect communitywide changes in health awareness, attitude, and behavior, but the approach remains unproven for physical activity. Methods. Wheeling Walks promoted walking among sedentary 50- to 65-year-old adults in a West Virginia city of 31,420 people. This quasi-experimental communication intervention used theory of planned behavior and transtheoretical model constructs to change behavior by promoting 30 min of daily walking through paid media, public relations, and public health activities. Impact was determined by pre- and postintervention telephone surveys with 719 adults in the intervention community and 753 adults in the comparison community and observations of walkers at 10 community sites. Results. Behavior observation showed a 23% increase in the number of walkers in the intervention community versus no change in the comparison community (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.14-1.50). Thirty-two percent (32.2) of the baseline sedentary population in the intervention community reported meeting the CDC/ACSM/Surgeon General recommendation for moderate-intensity physical activity by walking at least 30 min at least five times per week versus 18.0% in the comparison community (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.41-2.24). The intervention community also realized a pre to post increase in positive stage change (P < 0.001). Conclusions. This theory-based mass media campaign demonstrated increases in those meeting the recommended standard for moderate-intensity physical activity through walking and significant positive stage change. © 2002 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA).","y","Preventive Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","sedentary of older adults",1,29,2,"communications intervention promoting 30 mins daily walkng through media, public relations and public health activities",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"West Viginia City (USA) 31,420k",228,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T329,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Virginia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T329,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaVirginia",1,1,1]
["Bell, R.; Ithindi, T.; Low, A.",2002,"Improving equity in the provision of primary health care: Lessons from decentralized planning and management in Namibia","This paper draws lessons from a review of primary health care services in Windhoek, the capital of Namibia, undertaken by a regional health management team. The review was carried out because of perceived increases in workload and inadequate staffing levels, arising from the rapid expansion of the city associated with inward migration. A survey of the utilization of government clinics was used to develop a more equitable allocation of primary health care services between localities. The survey revealed disparities between patterns of utilization of the services and the allocation of staff: the poorer localities were relatively underprovided. Decisions made centrally on resource allocation had reinforced the inequities. On the basis of the results of the review, the regional health management team redistributed nursing and medical staff and argued for a shift in the allocation of capital expenditure towards the poorer communities. The review demonstrates the potential for regional and provincial health management teams to make effective assessments of the needs of their populations and to promote the equitable delivery of primary health care services. In order to achieve this they need not only to become effective managers, but also to develop population-based planning skills and the confidence and authority to influence the allocation of resources between and within their regions and provinces.","y","Bulletin of the World Health Organization","Embase","Journal Article","growth in populatin and demand, and inequity in provision of primary health care services",2,38,2,"survery and review of utilization and allocation of resources to match demand and reduce inequity",3,"regional health team",5,0,0,"Windhoek (Namibia)",229,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T330,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Windhoek"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T330,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"namibia"},"namibiaWindhoek",38,6,1]
["Flowers, P.; Hart, G. J.; Williamson, L. M.; Frankis, J. S.; Der, G. J.",2002,"Does bar-based, peer-led sexual health promotion have a community-level effect amongst gay men in Scotland?","This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a bar-based, peer-led community-level intervention to promote sexual health amongst gay men. The intervention consisted of peer education within bars, gay specific genitourinary medicine (GUM) services and a free-phone hotline. Data were collected at baseline (1996) and at follow-up (1999) in gay bars in Glasgow (intervention city) and Edinburgh (control city). During the intervention peer educators interacted with 1484 men and new clients increased at the gay specific GUM service. However, the hotline was under-utilized and abused. The outcome measures were: reported hepatitis B vaccination; HIV testing; unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with casual partners; negotiated safety; and amongst men reporting UAI with a regular partner, the proportion who knew their own and their partner's HIV status. Significant differences in sexual health behaviours were observed across locations and across time, but the only significant intervention effects were amongst men who had direct contact with the intervention, with higher uptake of hepatitis B vaccination and HIV testing. The intervention did not produce community-wide changes in sexual health behaviours. These results question the replication and transferability of peer-led, community-level sexual health promotion for gay men outwith the USA and across time.","y","International Journal of STD and AIDS","Embase","Journal Article","improved sexual health of gay men",1,47,2,"peer led sexual health promotion in bars, GUM services and telephoen hotline",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Glasgow",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T331,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T331,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",50,3,1]
["Laughlin, S.; Nandwani, R.; Ilett, R.; Bigrigg, A.",2001,"The Sandyford Initiative: creating added value to health and health care","The Sandyford Initiative in Glasgow brings together Family Planning, Genitourinary Medicine and the Centre for Women's Health in a new partnership which aims to provide integrated health and social care in a manner which reflects a social model of health. The Steve Retson Project for Gay Men's Sexual Health is also situated within the Sandyford, providing clinical services within the context of a social model of health. The Initiative is managed by the Greater Glasgow Primary Care NHS Trust but has been developed as a result of joint working between three main services, Greater Glasgow Health Board, Glasgow City Council and a number of voluntary organisations. By working to a social model of health, the intention is to ensure that the detection and management of health problems takes into account the social and economic determinants of health and that the provision and practice of health care reflects the social needs of the user. As such the Initiative is expected to make a significant contribution to the sexual health of men and women and the general and reproductive health of women in the Greater Glasgow area and beyond. The core of the Initiative is housed in premises tailored to the needs of the services and their users although satellite services are being planned. In addition to the core clinical and non-clinical care there are services designed to respond to the needs of specific groups such as young people, black and ethnic minority communities and disabled people, in order to improve access and uptake by previously marginalised groups. It is recognised that often the relationship between health and social service providers and their users becomes strained. Implementation of the Sandyford Initiative is intended to inspire confidence and contribute effectively to improving health and managing complex health problems.","y","Health bulletin","Embase","Journal Article","improvements in womens and both sexual health",2,47,2,"integrated health and social care",3,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Glasgow",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T332,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T332,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",50,3,0]
["Larsen, L. S.; Neverett, S. G.; Larsen, R. F.",2001,"Clinical nurse specialist as facilitator of interdisciplinary collaborative program for adult sickle cell population","This article describes the evolution, implementation, and outcomes of a collaborative interdisciplinary inpatient program designed to improve the quality of healthcare provided to adult patients with sickle cell disease. Efforts by the clinical nurse specialist were directly responsible for improved patient education, more efficacious treatment of painful crises, and increased specialty consultation. Staff and patient satisfaction with the program have been very encouraging, and a city-wide initiative that embraces a comprehensive approach to the global care of this special needs population has been designed and is currently being implemented.","y","Clinical nurse specialist CNS","Embase","Journal Article","improvement in Sickle Cell services",2,39,2,"quality improvement programme",3,"collaboration",2,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T333,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T333,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,1]
["Simpson, A. N.; Wardrope, J.; Burke, D.",2001,"The Sheffield experiment: The effects of centralising accident and emergency services in a large urban setting","Objectives - To assess the effects of centralisation of accident and emergency (A&E) services in a large urban setting. The end point were the quality of patient care judged by time to see a doctor or nurse practitioner, time to admission and the cost of the A&E service as a whole. Methods - Sheffield is a large industrial city with a population of 471 000. In 1994 Sheffield health authority took a decision to centralise a number of services including the A&E services. This study presents data collected over a three year period before, during and after the centralisation of adult A&E services from two sites to one site and the centralisation of children's A&E services to a separate site. A minor injury unit was also established along with an emergency admissions unit. The study used information from the A&E departments' computer system and routinely available financial data. Results - There has been a small decrease in the number of new patient attendances using the Sheffield A&E system. Most patients go to the correct department. The numbers of acute admissions through the adult A&E have doubled. Measures of process efficiency show some improvement in times to admission. There has been measurable deterioration in the time to be seen for minor injuries in the A&E departments. This is partly offset by the very good waiting time to be seen in the minor injuries unit. The costs of providing the service within Sheffield have increased. Conclusion - Centralisation of A&E services in Sheffield has led to concentration of the most ill patients in a single adult department and separate paediatric A&E department. Despite a greatly increased number of admissions at the adult site this change has not resulted in increased waiting times for admission because of the transfer of adequate beds to support the changes. There has however been a deterioration in the time to see a clinician, especially in the A&E departments. The waiting times at the minor injury unit are very short.","y","Emergency Medicine Journal","Embase","Journal Article","improve the quality and cost of A&E services",2,23,2,"centralisation of A&E services",3,"policy / commissioning ",6,0,0,"Sheffield ",193,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T334,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sheffield"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T334,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandSheffield",3,3,1]
["Moser, S. M.; Childress, S. B.",2001,"Implementation of a comprehensive pain program: Breaking barriers in managing chronic nonmalignant pain","Implementation of a comprehensive pain management program faces numerous s barriers including the time intensive work-up and treatment of patients with chronic nonmalignant pain. A task force at the Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System identified this barrier and implemented a program that addressed the multidimensional needs of the chronic nonmalignant pain patient and the primary care providers managing their pain. Elements leading to successful implementation included senior administrative support, systems to increase primary care providers' knowledge base, realistic workload and ongoing support from an interdisciplinary team. This paper describes the methods used to implement a comprehensive pain management program that meets the new Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations pain standards and the Veterans Health Administration Pain Initiative. Administrative changes, provider education, and development of algorithms for treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain are described. © 2001 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.","y","Journal of Pharmaceutical Care in Pain and Symptom Control","Embase","Journal Article","improved pain management services",2,38,2,"comprehensive pain programme",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Salt Lake City",186,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T335,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Salt Lake City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T335,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSalt Lake City",1,1,0]
["Harpham, T.; Burton, S.; Blue, I.",2001,"Healthy city projects in developing countries: The first evaluation","The 'healthy city' concept has only recently been adopted in developing countries. From 1995 to 1999, the World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, supported healthy city projects (HCPs) in Cox's Bazar (Bangladesh), Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), Fayoum (Egypt), Managua (Nicaragua) and Quetta (Pakistan). The authors evaluated four of these projects, representing the first major evaluation of HCPs in developing countries. Methods used were stakeholder analysis, workshops, document analysis and interviews with 102 managers/implementers and 103 intended beneficiaries. Municipal health plan development (one of the main components of the healthy city strategy) in these cities was limited, which is a similar finding to evaluations of HCPs in Europe. The main activities selected by the projects were awareness raising and environmentaI improvements, particularly solid waste disposal. Two of the cities effectively used the 'settings' approach of the healthy city concept, whereby places such as markets and schools are targeted. The evaluation found that stakeholder involvement varied in relation to: (i) the level of knowledge of the project; (ii) the project office location; (iii) the project management structure; and (iv) type of activities (ranging from low stakeholder involvement in capital-intensive infrastructure projects, to high in some settings-type activities). There was evidence to suggest that understanding of environment-health links was increased across stakeholders. There was limited political commitment to the healthy city projects, perhaps due to the fact that most of the municipalities had not requested the projects. Consequently, the projects had little influence on written/expressed municipal policies. Some of the projects mobilized considerable resources, and most projects achieved effective intersectoral collaboration. WHO support enabled the project coordinators to network at national and international levels, and the capacity of these individuals (although not necessarily their institutions) was increased by the project. The average annual running cost of the projects was approximately US$132 000 per city, which is close to the costs of the only other HCP for which a cost analysis has been undertaken, Bangkok (US$115 000 per year) Recommendations for these and other HCPs are provided.","y","Health Promotion International","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"awareness raising and environmnental changes",0,"WHO healthy cities",9,0,0,"Cox's Bazar (Bangladesh), Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), Fayoum (Egypt), Managua (Nicaragua) and Quetta (Pakistan)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T336,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T336,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Cagan, E. R.; Hubinsky, T.; Goodman, A.; Deitcher, D.; Cohen, N. L.",2001,"Partnering with communities to improve health: The New York City Turning Point experience","Concurrent with the New York City Department of Health's reorganization efforts, the Robert Wood Johnson and W.K. Kellogg Foundations launched Turning Point, a national initiative designed to strengthen the nation's public health system. The Turning Point initiative has emphasized broad-based partnership building and planning as key prerequisites for improving public health practice. In response to the foundations' request for proposals, the department formed a New York City Public Health Partnership, which in turn applied for and was granted a Turning Point planning grant. This funding allowed New York City Turning Point to initiate a public health planning process, part of which involved convening forums in each of the five boroughs. With over 1,100 community participants, these forums provided both a starting point for establishing public health priorities and an interactive setting for sharing health and demographic data. Included among the issues that emerged as priorities were: access to care, environmental health, mental health, housing, asthma, education, and dietary issues. Building on the forum outcomes, the New York City Public Health Partnership developed a public health system improvement plan. The goals delineated in this plan are: (1) to create and support public health partnerships at the community, borough, and citywide levels; (2) to identify community health concerns and develop strategies responsive to these concerns; and (3) to develop policies to support and sustain a community health approach to improve health status. This article also discusses possible roles for local health departments in promoting a community health approach to address public health concerns.","y","Journal of Urban Health","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"community partnerships and forums to establish public health priorities",0,"Robert wood and johnson",8,5,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T337,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T337,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Kim, H. J.",2000,"Healthy City Kwachon 21 Project: a community health promotion programme in Korea","Disease patterns of Koreans changed from infectious disease to non-infectious disease in the 1970's. Even though there has been a need for a health promotion programme, it was hard to find the programme in the community before 1985 in Korea. In 1985, the Public Health Promotion Law was enacted and the Korean government started to encourage local government to plan and conduct community health promotion programs. Healthy City Kwachon 21 (HCK21) is a health promotion programme for all residents in Kwachon, a city which has about 70,000 population and is located adjacent to Seoul, Korea. HCK21 launched in 1998 with three guiding principles: 1) programs should be accessible to all citizens; 2) Programmes should stimulate strong community participation and 3) Programmes should change environment and society. The long term goal of HCK21 is to increase the healthy life span of citizens in Kwachon. HCK21 is a collaborative project between Kwachon and the Institute for Health Promotion of the Graduate School of Health Science and Management, Yonsei University. It has seven components: 1) Publication of Monthly Health Newsletter; 2) Smoking Cessation and Tobacco Prevention Program; 3) Community Nutrition Program; 4) Maternal and Women's Health Programme; 5) Programme for Development of District Health Management Information System; 6) Hypertension Prevention and Control Programme and 7) Physical Activity Programme. HCK21 is now being implemented in the third year program since the program conducted in 1998 and 1999 was successful with received support from the citizens. It is recommended that HCK21 be a model for an integrated community-based health promotion programme in developing countries.","y","Asia-Pacific journal of public health / Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"community health promotion activity",7,"collaboratin in response to national law",2,0,0,"Gwachon (Korea)",109,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T338,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Gwachon"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T338,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"korea"},"koreaGwachon",36,4,0]
["Kegler, M. C.; Twiss, J. M.; Look, V.",2000,"Assessing community change at multiple levels: the genesis of an evaluation framework for the California Healthy Cities Project","More than 40 cities have participated in the California Healthy Cities Project since its inception in 1988. Because Healthy Cities efforts are community driven, these cities address diverse health and social issues using a wide variety of strategies. This complexity, in addition to the usual difficulties associated with evaluating community interventions, creates many challenges for evaluation. Given the community building and process orientation of Healthy Cities, it may be most appropriate to measure intermediate community changes that have been linked to health outcomes in previous research or, at a minimum, theoretically. The California Healthy Cities evaluation framework conceptualizes change at five levels: individual, civic participation, organizational, interorganizational, and community. The framework, developed collaboratively with Healthy Cities participants, attempts to synthesize current thinking and practice on evaluation of community projects by applying concepts from community capacity/competence, social ecology, and urban planning.","y","Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,9,2,"variety of interventions",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"40 Cities in California",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T339,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T339,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Kenzer, M.",2000,"Healthy Cities: a guide to the literature","The author reviews the literature on attempts by city governments, international agencies, and nongovernmental and community organizations to improve city life around the world through Healthy Cities projects.","y","Public health reports (Washington, D.C","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"summary of Healthy Cities Projects",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"various (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T340,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T340,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Strobl, J.; Bruce, N.",2000,"Achieving wider participation in strategic health planning: Experience from the consultation phase of Liverpool's 'City Health Plan'","Background: As a member of the World Health Organization's Healthy Cities Project, Liverpool (UK) has developed an integrated plan to improve health, the City Health Plan (CHP). Based around the key areas of the former national health strategy for England, 'The Health of the Nation', a draft CHP was developed by five task groups. Although multi-sectoral, these groups were not able to achieve the desired level of participation from the community, or from those working in health, local government or voluntary sectors. One of the main goals of the consultation was to redress this situation and achieve wider participation. Objective: To assess how adequately the consultation process carried out in Liverpool contributed to broad-based participation in the development of the city health plan. Subjects and methods: (i) Semi-structured interviews with 20 key informants and 17 facilitators who held consultation meetings in a variety of settings, and seven minority group contacts; (ii) Self-administered questionnaires to participants who had attended consultation meetings. So far as was possible, the design encouraged participation in defining the goals and content of the evaluation. Main question areas: Views on the importance of participation in planning; evaluation of the consultation against respondents' criteria for successful participation in the CHP; views on the purpose of the consultation, and on the methods used to publicise the CHP, inform participants about its purpose and content, and obtain their opinions about the plan. Questionnaires to those attending consultation meetings examined how adequately this process permitted participation in contributing to the final version of the plan. Findings: This was the most ambitious public policy consultation ever undertaken in Liverpool. There was wide agreement that participation was vital. Expectations varied considerably, but for many commitment and optimism co-existed with cynicism about real involvement and achieving change. The consultation was widely appreciated, but some aspects which might improve effectiveness were identified. Most important was having more opportunity for participants to understand and think through the implications of the CHP, and keeping people in contact with the process of revising the plan. Conclusions: There is a growing expectation for public policy to be multi-sectoral and participative: this study reports experiences of putting this into practice on a large scale. Despite people expressing mixed feelings, there was a lot of support for the methods used. Clear aims about the level of participation sought, adequate resources, time and facilitation, and good two-way communication can be expected to provide for wider and more effective participation. However, given the investment of time and personnel deployed, this experience raises important questions about the feasibility of achieving wide participation in the development of urban (health) policy on a more routine basis.","y","Health Promotion International","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"integrated health improvement plan",7,"WHO Healthy Cities Programme",9,0,0,"Liverpool",112,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T341,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Liverpool"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T341,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLiverpool",3,3,0]
["Freudenberg, N.; Silver, D.; Carmona, J. M.; Kass, D.; Lancaster, B.; Speers, M.",2000,"Health promotion in the city: A structured review of the literature on interventions to prevent heart disease, substance abuse, violence and HIV infection in US metropolitan areas, 1980-1995","To achieve its national public health goals, the US must improve the health of low-income urban populations. To contribute to this process, this study reviewed published reports of health promotion interventions designed to prevent heart disease, HIV infection, substance abuse, and violence in US cities. The study's objectives were to describe the target populations, settings, and program characteristics of these interventions and to assess the extent to which these programs followed accepted principles for health promotion. Investigators searched five computerized databases and references of selected articles for articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 1980 and 1995. Selected articles listed as a main goal primary prevention of one of four index conditions; were carried out within a US city; included sufficient information to characterize the intervention; and organized at least 25% of its activities within a community setting. In general, programs reached a diverse population of low-income city residents in a variety of settings, employed multiple strategies, and recognized at least some of the principles of effective health promotion. Most programs reported a systematic evaluation. However, many programs did not involve participants in planning, intervene to change underlying social causes, last more than a year, or tailor for the subpopulations they targeted, limiting their potential effectiveness. Few programs addressed the unique characteristics of urban communities.","y","Journal of Urban Health","Embase","Journal Article","prevention of heart disease, substance abuse, violence and HIV infection",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T342,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T342,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Adams, C. F.",2000,"Healthy communities and public policy: Four success stories","As Healthy Communities initiatives mature, many of them are discovering that their work in building community consensus for improved health care and other quality-of-life issues can be transformed into public policy. This article shows how Healthy Communities initiatives have had important effects on policy making at both the county and state level in several cities and states.","y","Public Health Reports","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"policy initiatives",0,"community initiatives",1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T343,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T343,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Clark, D. K.",2000,"The city government's role in community health improvement","Amid increasing pressures to address complex issues not traditionally assigned to localities, Healthy Cities is seen as a powerful model for community improvement and quality-of-life enhancements for individuals and organizations willing to think beyond the traditional local government management models and responsibilities. As a model for community-oriented government, it offers opportunities for fostering a return to 'barnraising' concepts, civic responsibility, participation, tailoring solutions to local circumstances, and the transition of local government to governance models.","y","Public Health Reports","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"healthy cities",0,"healthy cities",9,0,2,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T344,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T344,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Wilcox, R.; Knapp, A.",2000,"Building communities that create health","Typically, public health policy, program design, and resource allocation are based on issue-specific, targeted interventions directed at specific populations or sub-populations. The authors argue that this approach fails to meet the goal of public healthto improve health for alland that the key to health improvement is to create a social context in which healthy choices are the norm. The authors present as case studies two Pennsylvania cities that used multisectoral approaches to achieve community health improvements.","y","Public Health Reports","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"social context to improve health",7,"multiscetorial appraoch",2,0,0,"Pennsylvania cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T345,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T345,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Fortmann, S. P.; Varady, A. N.",2000,"Effects of a community-wide health education program on cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: The stanford five-city project","The authors examined changes in morbidity and mortality from 1979 through 1992 during the Stanford Five-City Project, a comprehensive community health education study conducted in northern California. The intervention (1980-1986), a multiple risk factor strategy delivered through multiple educational methods, targeted all residents in two treatment communities. Potentially fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke events were identified from death certificates and hospital records. Clinical information was abstracted from hospital charts and coroner records; for fatal events, it was collected from attending physicians and next of kin. Standard diagnostic criteria were used to classify all events, without knowledge of the city of origin. All first definite events were analyzed; denominators were estimated from 1980 and 1990 US Census figures. Mixed model regression analyses were used in statistical comparisons. Over the full 14 years of the study, the combined-event rate declined about 3% per year in all five cities. However, during the first 7-year period (1979-1985), no significant trends were found in any of the cities; during the late period (1986-1992), significant downward trends were found in all except one city. The change in trends between periods was slightly but not significantly greater in the treatment cities. It is most likely that some influence affecting all cities, not the intervention, accounted for the observed change.","y","American Journal of Epidemiology","Embase","Journal Article","cardiovascular disease prevention",1,26,2,"comprehensive community health education",1,"stanford five city project",11,0,0,"Californian cities",35,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T346,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"California"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T346,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USACalifornia",1,1,1]
["Freudenberg, N.",2000,"Health promotion in the city: A review of current practice and future prospects in the United States","To achieve its health goals, the United States must reduce the disproportionate burden of illness and poor health borne by urban populations. In the 20th century, patterns of immigration and migration, changes in the global economy, increases in income inequality, and more federal support for suburbanization have made it increasingly difficult for cities to protect the health of all residents. In the last 25 years, epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus infections and substance abuse and increases in homelessness, lack of health insurance, rates of violence, and concentrations of certain pollutants have also damaged the health of urban residents. Several common strategies for health promotion are described, and their relevance to the unique characteristics of urban populations is assessed. To identify ways to strengthen health promotion practices in U.S. cities, lessons have been taken from five related fields of endeavor: human rights, church- and faith-based social action, community economic development, youth development, and the new social movements. By integrating lessons from these areas into their practice, public health professionals can help to revitalize the historic mission of public health, contribute to creating healthier cities, and better achieve national health objectives.","y",null,"Embase","Book","health",1,0,2,"health promotion",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T347,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T347,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Brown, J. S. L.; Cochrane, R.; Hancox, T.",2000,"Large-scale health promotion stress workshops for the general public: A controlled evaluation","Large-scale cognitive-behavioural Stress Management workshops were run for members of the general public as part of a city-wide mental health promotion campaign. Four groups were compared: a workshop run over one day (Full-Day), one run over two half-days (Half-Day), a non-specific intervention control group, and a waiting list control group. Results indicate that the participants in the workshop groups improved more than those in either of the control groups, supporting the idea that the psychoeducational approach can be valuable and economical in a health promotion and public health context. The use of this format in clinical situations and in primary care settings is also discussed.","y","Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy","Embase","Journal Article","mental health",1,25,2,"workshops to promote mental health",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T348,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T348,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,1]
["Weech-Maldonado, R.; Merrill, S. B.",2000,"Building partnerships with the community: Lessons from the Camden Health Improvement Learning Collaborative","This case study describes the Camden City Health Improvement Learning Collaborative (the Collaborative), a community care network initiative formed in 1993. The organization is composed of representatives from local healthcare providers, public agencies, religious organizations, and neighborhoods. The major goal of this initiative is to improve the health status of the community by involving and empowering residents in the solution of their needs. The Collaborative represents a grassroots strategic model of community inclusion in the formulation of goals and programs to improve community health status. The case study describes the dynamics of the Collaborative by examining the following: historical development; political, institutional, and social context; planning process; organization and structure; and performance evaluation. The article concludes with a discussion of the strategic and operational lessons learned from the Collaborative.","y","Journal of Healthcare Management","Embase","Journal Article","improve health",1,0,2,"collaborative programme",0,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Camden (USA)",38,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T349,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Camden"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T349,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCamden",1,1,0]
["Booth, A.; Price, C.",2000,"Models for disseminating information on clinical effectiveness in health organisations: Lessons from the Sheffield DICE project","With an increasing concern for clinical effectiveness and the imperatives of the clinical governance agenda it is opportune to look at information requirements at a local, as opposed to national, level. It no longer suffices to place the onus for the dissemination and interpretation of research on the individual practitioner: organisations need to accept corporate responsibility for these processes. The DICE project, involving eight different health organisations across Sheffield, aims to improve the awareness and, ultimately, the use of information on clinical effectiveness on a city-wide basis. By using a systematic literature review of good practice initiatives and interviews with key informants it attempts to identify existing knowledge and practice in the dissemination of information, and to develop models indicated by current and projected information requirements. Three resultant models, defined using Soft Systems Methodology, are presented which incorporate individual and organisational approaches to clinical effectiveness as well as the emerging need to support clinical governance. It is believed that dissecting the complex information requirements for clinical effectiveness using these models can help health organisations focus their planning for the clinical governance agenda.","y","Journal of Clinical Excellence","Embase","Journal Article","improve clinical practice",2,40,2,"improved awareness and use of clinical guidance / best practice",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"Sheffield",193,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T350,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sheffield"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T350,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandSheffield",3,3,0]
["Sandman, D. R.",1999,"Health care in New York City: understanding and shaping change",null,"y","Issue brief (Commonwealth Fund)","Embase","Journal Article","health care",2,40,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T351,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T351,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Connell, C. M.; Walter, B.; La Pietra Kunz, M.; Holmes, S. B.",1999,"Strategies for community-based dementia education and creating sustainable change: Lessons learned from the Community Outreach Education Program","The Community Outreach Education Program (COEP) was established to disseminate information about the diagnosis, assessment, management, and treatment of dementia to health care professionals, service providers, staff of community organizations and voluntary agencies, and family caregivers in communities throughout Michigan. This paper will describe the activities implemented as part of outreach educational interventions in Bay City, Saginaw, Grand Rapids, and Kalamazoo, Michigan. Lessons learned about community-based dementia education and strategies for creating sustainable change are discussed.","y","American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","Embase","Journal Article","diagnosis and treatment of dementia",1,32,2,"community outrach education program",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Bay City, Saginaw, Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo (Michigan) (USA)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T352,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T352,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Reger, B.; Wootan, M. G.; Booth-Butterfield, S.",1999,"Using mass media to promote healthy eating: A community-based demonstration project","Background. Many question whether mass media, in the absence of other programming, can produce significant and sustained behavior change. Methods. The 1% Or Less campaign in Wheeling, West Virginia (population 35,000), used paid advertising and public relations to encourage members of one community to switch from whole or 2% milk (high-fat milk) to 1% or fat-free milk (low- fat milk). The study used a quasi-experimental research design with one intervention city and one comparison city. The effectiveness of the campaign was evaluated by collecting milk sales data from supermarkets and conducting pre- and post-intervention telephone surveys in intervention and comparison cities. Results. In the intervention city, low-fat milk sales increased from 29% of overall milk sales before the campaign to 46% of sales in the month following the campaign. The increase was maintained at the 6-month follow up. According to the telephone surveys, 34.1% of high-fat-milk drinkers reported switching to low-fat milk in the intervention community compared with 3.6% in the comparison community (z = 13.1, P < 0.0001). Conclusions. A media-only approach was sufficient to encourage a significant proportion of the people in one community to alter the dietary habit targeted by the intervention.","y","Preventive Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","increase healthy eating",1,28,2,"mass media",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Wheeling (West Virginia) (USA)",230,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T353,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Wheeling"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T353,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaWheeling",1,1,1]
["Domurat, E. S.",1999,"Diabetes managed care and clinical outcomes: The Harbor City, California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes Care System","Objective: To investigate diabetes clinical outcomes in a large patient population by comparing results of computer-supported team care to those of usual care. Study Design: Patients enrolled in a diabetes care management program were tracked by a computerized system. Their subsequent healthcare outcomes were compared with those of usual-care patients and those of patients who had been discontinued from being managed in this program. Patients and Methods: Screening rates for glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), urinary protein, serum lipids, and glycemic and blood pressure control were compared between currently managed and usual-care patients. Hospital days and screening rates in a subset of the currently managed group, long-term managed patients, were compared with those of no longer managed patients. Results: Screening rates for GHb, urinary protein, and serum lipids were higher in currently managed patients than in usual-care patients. Follow-up of initially elevated GHb in currently managed and usual-care patients showed an overall decrease in both groups. Follow-up of initially elevated blood pres- sure in currently managed patients showed a decrease in both mean systolic and mean diastolic measurements, while follow-up in usual- care patients showed no change in either mean systolic or mean diastolic measurements. Inpatient utilization for the long-term managed patients decreased between 1995 and 1997 and was lower in 1997 for this group than for no longer managed patients. Screening rates for GHb, urinary protein, and serum lipids were higher in the long-term managed patients than in the no longer managed patients. Conclusions: Computer-supported care management by a dedicated team appears to reduce the number of hospitalizations and improve screening rates and glycemic and blood pressure control.","n","American Journal of Managed Care","Embase","Journal Article","Improve Diabetes care",2,9,null,"IT supported managed care for patients with diabetes",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"Harbor City (California) (USA)",88,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T354,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"INTENTIONALLY BLANK"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T354,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":" "}," INTENTIONALLY BLANK",1,1]
["De Leeuw, E.",1999,"Healthy Cities: Urban social entrepreneurship for health","Social entrepreneurship is key to the success of health promotion an Health City development. An overview of entrepreneurial skills is provided, and a policy change model in which social entrepreneurs play a key role is described. The model has been tested in a selection of 10 European, officially WHO-designated, Health Cities. Recognition by the entrepreneur of the components of the model, and subsequent strategic action, indeed influenced urban policy agendas. However, the two cities that were most effective in doing so also had institutionalized their entrepreneurial capacities. This seems therefore the next challenge in health promotion.","y","Health Promotion International","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"social entrepreneurship",0,"WHO Healthy City",9,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T355,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T355,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Boonekamp, G. M. M.; Colomer, C.; Tomas, A.; Nunez, A.",1999,"Healthy Cities Evaluation: The co-ordinators perspective","The Healthy Cities Project is based on the development of healthy public policies by local governments. The study aim of some project teams in different countries has been to find out what processes are involved in the development of these policies, how decisions are made, and who and what they are influenced by. The Valencian Community Healthy Cities Network conducted an evaluation process, part of which is presented in this paper. The aim was to find out the concepts and opinions of the project co-ordinators concerning the opportunities and problems for healthy municipal policies, and to analyse the municipal organization with a view to detecting structural opportunities for interdepartmental work. Interviews were conducted with the people responsible for the project in 13 cities and the relevant few documents analysed. When discussing their health concept and actions for health, few of the co-ordinators mentioned the ideas contained in the Ottawa Charter. The established health programmes were rather based on personal/individual changes and topic approach than setting-based strategies. The structural and strategic opportunities for interdepartmental work, as well as the active participation of the community in the healthy policies decision-making process need to be strengthened, as they are perceived to be insufficient. Personal relationships and political differences between actors appear to play an important role in the opportunities for the implementation of intersectoral policies.","n","Health Promotion International","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"public helath policies by government",0,"WHO Healthy Cities Project",9,0,2,"13 Valencian (Spain) cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T356,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T356,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",4,3,0]
["Earnest, M. P.; Grimm, S. M.; Malmgren, M. A.; Martin, B. A.; Meehan, M.; Potter, M. B.; Steele, A. W.; Zocholl, J. R.",1998,"Quality improvement in an integrated urban healthcare system: a necessary journey","Public hospitals and clinics in the United States provide health care for the needs of large numbers of people who are medically indigent, homeless, chronically mentally ill, and suffer medical and social disorders associated with poverty. These \"safety-net\" healthcare providers traditionally struggle with barriers to providing high-quality, patient-sensitive care, including decaying physical facilities, burdensome bureaucracies, underfunded capital equipment and construction programs, and complex, politically driven budgets and governance. However, these same institutions now must compete for their own Medicaid and Medicare clientele because the private sector is marketing to those patients. They also must continue to provide increasing services to growing numbers of uninsured patients. To accomplish this, these institutions must reinvent themselves as patient-focused, high-quality, cost-effective healthcare providers. The Denver Health system is the public safety-net provider for the city and county of Denver. This large public institution has instituted a multifaceted performance-improvement program. The program includes training employees for patient-focused service, implementing continuous quality-improvement practices, instituting clinical pathways, revising the preexisting ambulatory quality-management program, reengineering key aspects of ambulatory clinic services, and redesigning the hospital-based patient-care services. Major successes have been achieved in some initiatives, but not in all. Many key \"lessons learned\" may guide others.","y","Clinical performance and quality health care","Embase","Journal Article","improve quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"QI program",3,"provider programme",3,0,0,"Denver",60,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T357,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Denver"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T357,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaDenver",1,1,1]
["Whitelaw, N.; Warden, G.; Wenzler, M. R.",1998,"Current efforts toward implementation of an urban health strategy: The Henry Ford Health System","The Henry Ford Health System is one of the nation's major comprehensive nonprofit health systems. Though it serves seven counties in southeastern Michigan, it is based in the heart of the city of Detroit. Detroit, like many of the nation's largest cities, has high rates of poverty, single-parent households, unemployment, and violence. The health status of the population is well below national norms and Healthy People 2000 goals. Through the combined efforts of public and private organizations and the people of southeastern Michigan, Detroit is experiencing a renaissance. Henry Ford Health System is contributing to this renaissance and is working to define its role in improving the health status and quality of life of Detroit's residents. The system's current strategy centers on moving beyond civic projects and philanthropic efforts to the incorporation of care for the uninsured and underinsured in its core operations and plans for growth. To make this change, we have developed a systemwide process that focuses on designing and implementing new delivery models, on partnership development with a variety of organizations, and on managing the care of populations. Our efforts are a work in progress, but they are having an impact on our patients, our organization, and our community.","y","Journal of Urban Health","Embase","Journal Article","health and healthcare",1,0,2,"Improvement strategy",7,"Henry Ford Health System",0,0,0,"detroit",62,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T358,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Detroit"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T358,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaDetroit",1,1,0]
["Vingilis, E.; Brown, U.; Koeppen, R.; Hennen, B.; Bass, M.; Peyton, K.; Downe, J.; Stewart, M.",1998,"Evaluation of a cold/flu self-care public education campaign","The purpose of the study was to evaluate an Ontario Ministry of Health (MOH) cold/flu self-care public education campaign to reduce unnecessary patient visits to doctors. The MOH campaign consisted of an information booklet delivered to every household in an Ontario city, newspaper ads and radio spots. The program ran during January-March 1994. The evaluation consisted of: (1) 2 x 2 telephone survey in London (experimental area) and Windsor (comparison area), before and during the campaign; and (2) a telephone survey of London family practitioners during the campaign. In addition, data on the incidence of cold/flu visits to three hospital emergency departments and a sample of family physicians' offices were gathered. The data suggest that program rationale may have been questionable because the majority of the surveyed public were knowledgeable and self-reported appropriate doctor visits for cold/flu. Campaign evaluation showed limited impact. Message penetration was low; only one-third of London residents knew of the campaign or read the booklet. Only two of 10 questions showed increases in knowledge in London and no changes were found for beliefs, attitudes, acquisition of new health practices or self-reported visits to the doctor. The physician survey, emergency room and family physician office visit data were consistent with the public survey findings.","y","Health Education Research","Embase","Journal Article","unnecessary patient visits to the doctor for cold/flu",1,41,1,"cold/flue self care public education campaign",1,"Ministry of Health",8,0,0,"Ontario (Canada)",153,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T359,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Ottawa"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T359,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaOttawa",2,1,1]
["Herman, N. G.; Rosenthal, M.; Franklin, D. M.",1997,"Delivery of comprehensive children's dental services using portable dental clinics in NYC public schools. A six-year analysis","In 1990, the Bureau of Dental Health Services of the New York City Department of Health launched a major initiative to modernize a network of school-based dental clinics located throughout the city. Since 1913, the bureau has provided dental care to public school children; however, the clinics were not properly maintained or upgraded, and were in a state of disrepair and obsolescence. Anticipating that the survival of the program was in question, the school program was converted to a fleet of state-of-the-art portable dental clinics permitting targeting of underserved, high-risk poor and immigrant populations. Demographics had changed dramatically over the years; the program could now situate services where they were needed most, and provide a broader array of care where access was a problem. This paper presents a six-year analysis of the program and builds a strong case to show that a portable delivery system can equal or in many ways surpass the effectiveness and capabilities of a fixed-state approach.","y","The New York state dental journal","Embase","Journal Article","childrens dental services",2,27,2,"comprehensive (portable) childrens dental servcies",3,"Dept of Healt",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T360,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T360,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Brommels, M.; Outinen, M.; Kupiainen, O.; Stahlberg, M. R.; Taipale, E.; Alanko, A.",1997,"Local heroes beat national champions: quality improvement in Finnish health care","FINNISH HEALTH CARE: Although health care services in Finland are organized uniformly throughout the country, they, along with the application of total quality management (TQM)/continuous quality improvement (CQI), are the responsibility of municipalities. CASE 1: At the Helsinki City Health Organization, top management launched an organizationwide quality improvement (QI) initiative in 1993, entailing 150 CQI projects. Yet top and middle managers were not sufficiently dedicated to the initiative to provide adequate support to many of the quality projects. Only \"islands of activity\" were spotted. CASE 2: A physician in the pediatrics department of a hospital helped initiate CQI projects--for improvements in administration of x-rays for patients with antebrachium fractures, transport of samples to the microbiology laboratory, and admissions of patients with acute infectious disease. Successes led senior management in the hospital federation to issue a quality policy based on CQI management, showing the power of the good example. CASE 3: The first launch of CQI at the Helsinki University Central hospital was part of a management development project that did not have the full support of senior management and that, consequently, failed. A second initiative undertaken a year later, the quality council, was more successful. CASE 4: At a local center for social services and primary care, quality projects have strengthened the organization's team and network structures across two professional cultures. DISCUSSION: The four cases provide insight into the diffusion of TQM/QI and implementation strategies on the local level.","y","The Joint Commission journal on quality improvement","Embase","Journal Article","healthcare ",2,40,2,"QI Programme",3,"Helsinki city health",5,0,0,"Helsinki",89,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T361,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Helsinki"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T361,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"finland"},"finlandHelsinki",26,3,0]
["Goumans, M.; Springett, J.",1997,"From projects to policy: 'Healthy Cities' as a mechanism for policy change for health?","One of the aims of the European Healthy Cities project was to contribute to the development of healthy public policy. This paper examines the evidence from ten cities in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom which are either part of the World Health Organization (WHO) Healthy City Project or part of their respective National Networks. Five key issues are identified based on current thinking in political and administrative science concerning change and policy-making. These provide a framework for the analysis of key informant interviews undertaken in the ten case studies. It was concluded that, at the time of the research, a substantive policy change had not taken place and in most cases the Healthy city initiatives were still projects rather than policies and, where plans or strategies had been developed, they were still insufficient in their impact in raising health as opposed to health care up the policy agenda.","y","Health Promotion International","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"WHO Healhy Cities",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,1,0,"10 cities in Netherlands and UK",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T362,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T362,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,3,0]
["Stephenson, P.; Chalmers, B.; Kirichenko, V. F.; Repina, M. A.; Wagner, M.",1997,"Reducing maternal mortality in St Petersburg","Following the entry of St Petersburg into Europe's Healthy Cities Project in 1991 it was decided that the highest priority should be given to reducing the city's maternal mortality ratio, then standing at approximately 70 deaths per 100,000 live births. Preventing deaths from unsafe, illegal abortion became the main focus of attention. The use of modern contraceptive methods was promoted information was disseminated to improve the utilization of family planning services, special outreach services for teenagers were established, and providers were given opportunities for education and training. The maternal mortality ratio and the abortion rate have now declined and contraceptive use appears to be increasing. These achievements are attributable in large measure to the commitment of a broad spectrum of St Petersburg society as well as to outside support.","y","World Health Forum","UI - 1997339361","Journal Article","maternal mortality",1,37,2,"promotion of modern contraception methods, information, out reach service",1,"WHO Healhty Cities",9,0,0,"St Petersburg",209,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T363,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Saint Petersburg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T363,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"russia"},"russiaSaint Petersburg",47,3,1]
["Costongs, C.; Springett, J.",1997,"Joint working and the production of a City Health Plan: The Liverpool experience","Several cities within the WHO Healthy Cities Project are developing City Health Plans, a broad strategy to improve health in the city. This paper examines the effectiveness of joint working during the production of the City Health Plan in Liverpool, from the point of view of the participants' perceptions. The results of the study were used to inform the reform of joint planning. The results suggested that joint working had been reasonably effective in developing the City Health Plan in Liverpool, but that more attention should be paid to the process of people working together, rather than an emphasis on formal interorganisational structures.","y","Health Promotion International","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"City Healh Plan - to improve helath",7,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"Liverpool",112,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T364,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Liverpool"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T364,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLiverpool",3,3,0]
["Boroff, M.; O'Campo, P.",1996,"Baltimore city healthy start medical reform for reducing infant mortality","This paper describes the Medical Reform Component of Baltimore City's Healthy Start Program and how it works toward the goals of reducing infant mortality (IMR) and improving infant health by making services more user-friendly and family-oriented.","y","Patient Education and Counseling","Embase","Journal Article","infant mortality",2,37,2,"medical reform to improve services",3,"program",3,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T365,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T365,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Pippert, K.; Jecha, L.; Coen, S.; MacDonald, P.; Francisco, J.; Pickard, S.",1995,"A cooperative effort to pass tobacco control ordinances in Wichita, Kansas","In October 1993, the Tobacco-Free Wichita Coalition proposed ordinances to the Wichita City Council that would tightly control access of minors to tobacco and prohibit smoking in public places. The subsequent successful change in local health policy required the collaborative efforts of local and state organizations and health agencies. A simple random telephone survey commissioned and financed by the coalition demonstrated that 76 percent (95 percent CI = 72 percent to 80 percent) of adult Wichita-Sedgwick County residents favored enforced penalties for merchants selling tobacco to minors, and 62 percent (95 percent CI = 58 percent to 66 percent) favored a ban on tobacco vending machines. Fifty-four percent (95 percent CI = 50 percent to 58 percent) favored a smoking ban in all public places.","y","Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","Embase","Journal Article","smoking prevention",1,7,2,"tobacco control laws",2,"collaboration",4,2,0,"Wichita (Kansas) (USA)",231,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T366,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Wichita"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T366,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaWichita",1,1,1]
["Deutsch, L.; Fisk, M.; Olson, D.; Bronzino, J.",1994,"Building a children's health network: city-wide computer linkages among heterogeneous sites for pediatric primary care","For many infants and children in our cities, quality of care and health status outcomes suffer due to poor continuity and coordination among ambulatory care sites. Despite proximity to technologically-advanced secondary and tertiary institutions, primary care services for children are fragmented, multiple-site use is common, and data flow among providers serving the same patients is primitive. Preventive and acute health care is often incomplete or redundant, and aggregate information for public health purposes is insufficient. This paper focuses on the development of a city-wide computer-based pediatric health care network to improve provider decision-making and follow-through, parent role in their children's care, and community-wide data. A process of building consensus for a regional system is presented, addressing issues of establishing a uniform data base, coordination among heterogeneous institutions, system development, confidentiality, and integration with public health reporting and planning functions.","y","Proceedings / the ..","Embase","Journal Article","poor continuity and co-ordination of care",2,40,2,"computer based paediatric health care network",4,"collaboration",2,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T367,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T367,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Waller, J. V.; Goldman, L.",1993,"Bringing comprehensive health education to the New York City Public Schools: A private-public success story","The New York Academy of Medicine has pioneered a far-sighted effort which successfully introduced two model health education curricula into the New York City Public Schools at both the elementary and middle school levels. The curriculums for kindergarten through sixth grades, Growing Healthy, are currently being used in 525 of New York's 625 elementary schools, and the curriculum for seventh and eighth grades, Being Healthy, is in place in 60 of 200 junior high schools. These curricula offer a comprehensive approach to health education that promotes emotional well-being as well as physical health by improving health behaviors, attitudes, and academic performance of students through hands-on and interactive activities which develop decision- making skills and the ability to make healthful choices. The program has met with ongoing success and expanding influence, as the result of several important factors. First, the New York Academy of Medicine took a leadership role in supporting a venture outside its own walls and became an active advocate for comprehensive health education in the public schools. The Academy's standing as a prestigious yet independent medical association brought influence to the organizing efforts and contributed the credibility needed to get the program off the ground. Second, the Division of Student Support Services of the New York City Public Schools gave strong acceptance and cooperation leading to ongoing financial support and institutionalization of the program. Added to that is the enthusiasm of teachers, administrators, and other in-school personnel who have made the lessons of Growing Healthy and Being Healthy meaningful by reaching hundreds of thousands of students across New York City. Another important factor is the oversight and longevity which has been provided by the unusual gathering of doctors, educators, public health specialists, funders, and city administrators who created an effective private-public coalition 15 years ago and have remained committed to working together. Last through its ongoing efforts, the Academy's Office of School Health Programs has stayed at the forefront of developments in health education. By continuing to evaluate their activities and by constantly integrating new materials into the existing curricular framework, they have demonstrated that a comprehensive health education program can be both meaningful to children and responsive to community needs by reflecting current public health issues and concerns.","y","Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine: Journal of Urban Health","UI - 1994169956","Journal Article","child health",1,0,2,"health (physical and mental) education in schools",1,"New York Academy of medicine",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T368,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T368,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Englander, J.; Cleary, S.; O'Hare, P.; Hall, K. M.; Don Lehmkuhl, L.",1993,"Implementing and evaluating injury prevention programs in the traumatic brain injury model systems of care","Injury prevention is a major public health issue, and health care professionals must assume responsibility for educating the public, particularly children and youth who are at the greatest risk of becoming injured. This article describes injury prevention efforts conducted by traumatic brain injury (TBI) model systems in San Jose, California, Houston, Texas, and New York City, New York. THINK FIRST is a prevention program founded by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons and utilized by the national TBI model systems. The THINK FIRST program is presented to elementary, junior, and senior high school students by young survivors of central nervous system trauma, health professionals, and occasionally a local celebrity. The message emphasizes personal vulnerability and possible consequences of risk-taking behavior. The article summarizes experiences in implementation of the THINK FIRST program by traumatic brain injury model systems. Results indicate that, once instituted, the program is well received in the schools, either in individual class or assembly presentations. During the study 271 students in individual classes were surveyed before and after THINK FIRST presentations. It was found that students demonstrated increased knowledge about the nature and consequences of injury after participation in the presentations. Although THINK FIRST was effective at increasing awareness in teenagers, reported behavioural changes after presentations were minimal. Thus, THINK FIRST programs may be useful as a supplemental tool to promote safe driving and riding practices.","y","Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","Embase","Journal Article","brain injury",1,44,2,"think first' programme - presentations to school students",1,"programme",0,0,0,"San Jose, California, Houston, Texas, and New York City, New York.",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T369,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T369,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Ferguson, M. G.; Berkeley, L.; Fourcher, L.; Guyton, B.; Reiner, L. R.",1992,"Health Care Linkage Project: improving access to care","The primary objective of the Health Care Linkage Project, funded by a grant from the Chicago Community Trust, is to develop, implement, and evaluate a primary health care linkage network within the city of Chicago that creates formalized linkages between community health centers, the Chicago Department of Health clinics, and hospitals. Six linkage networks are currently operational, with an additional two sites phased in during 1991. The success of the pilot project has been demonstrated by hundreds of patients receiving primary care and ancillary services on a more timely basis, by greater coordination between the public and private sector, by cost-savings to both patients and providers through reducing inappropriate use of services, and by a variety of spin-off projects which have improved the quality and accessibility of services. A second important objective is the development of a Health Care Linkage Manual that describes the practical experience and lessons gained from the linkages, the status of comparable arrangements in other U.S. cities, replicability of the linkage models, and recommendations for policy changes which will make linkages more effective.","y","Henry Ford Hospital medical journal","Embase","Journal Article","improved care",2,40,2,"health care linkage network - to formally link organisations",3,"grant money",8,0,0,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T370,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T370,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",1,1,1]
["Gersons, B. P. R.; Van de Graaf, W.; Rijkschroeff, R.; Schrameijer, F.",1992,"The mental health care transformation process: The Amsterdam experience",null,"y","International Journal of Social Psychiatry","Embase","Journal Article","Mental Health Care",2,25,2,"Mental Healthcare Transformation",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Amsterdam",4,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T371,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"amsterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T371,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsamsterdam",30,3,0]
["Mendelson, R.; Dollard, D.; Hall, P.; Zarrabi, S. Y.; Desjardin, E.",1991,"The impact of the Healthiest Babies Possible Program on maternal diet and pregnancy outcome in underweight and overweight clients","The Healthiest Babies Possible Program (HBP) is a prenatal intervention program for the City of Toronto and is designed to reduce the incidence of low birth weight babies. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of the HBP on dietary change and birth outcome for underweight and overweight expectant mothers. Dietary change was measured by the use of food scores applied to 24-hour dietary recalls throughout the pregnancy. Three recalls collected during the early stage of the program were selected to represent early interventions; three of the results collected during the latter stage of the program represent the late stage of intervention. Birth outcome was determined by weight gain and infant birth weight. For both groups, food scores improved throughout the early intervention period and the improvements were sustained through the remainder of the program. During pregnancy the underweight women gained more weight than the overweight women but delivered infants with lower birth weights.","y","Journal of the Canadian Dietetic Association","Embase","Journal Article","low birth weight babies",1,28,2,"prenatal dietary intervention",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Toronto",215,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T372,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Toronto"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T372,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaToronto",2,1,1]
["Myers Jr, W. A.",1991,"Cancer prevention initiatives in New York City","Promoting cancer prevention for the African-American community nationally, and especially in New York City, is a formidable task. The City's lack of adequate information resources is a hindrance. Moreover, in areas where poor African-Americans predominate, women place their own health concerns at a low priority. As a result, introduction of breast and cervical cancer detection education efforts must be viewed as only part of the solution. Health care awareness programs must not only reach the specific locality, but those people must have improved and continuous access to clinical services.","y","Statistical bulletin (Metropolitan Life Insurance Company : 1984)","Embase","Journal Article","cancer",1,22,2,"breast and cervical cancer detection education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T373,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T373,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Carleton, R. A.; Sennett, L.; Gans, K. M.; Levin, S.; Lefebvre, C.; Lasater, T. M.",1991,"The Pawtucket Heart Health Program: Influencing adolescent eating patterns","The Pawtucket Heart Health Program, a research effort testing a process of community activation for cardiovascular risk factor behavior change, risk factor change, and coronary heart disease event rate change, utilizes risk factor behavior change programs for the entire population of a northeastern city. A diversity of nutrition programs designed to teach new skills and to alter the nutrition environment have been delivered. These include group programs, highlighting restaurant menus, labeling grocery shelf items, screening for blood cholesterol levels accompanied by nutritional counseling, and provision of programs in schools. In addition to standard curricula, the Heart Healthy Cook-Off for both junior high school and high school students has been developed. Students select recipes, make substitutions to lower fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol content, analyze original and substitution recipe nutrient content using a microcomputer and nutrient analysis software, and prepare the food. A panel of judges assesses presentation, taste, and health-promoting characteristics. In one junior high school class, cholesterol measure before and after the cook-off decreased by 10.7% among those with elevated cholesterol. The Heart Healthy Cook-Off is an education program that influences the culinary practices of children in an enjoyable, challenging format.","y","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","Embase","Journal Article","cardiovascular prevention",1,26,2,"range of food and diet behaviour change inititiatves",1,"community activation",2,0,0,"Pawtucket (USA) ?",166,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T374,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Pawtucket"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T374,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPawtucket",1,1,0]
["Lee, J.",1990,"The City of Toronto's geriatric dental program","The past four years have witnessed the development of a comprehensive dental program for the seniors of the City of Toronto. This program is based upon the principles of dental health promotion and prevention. It recognizes the distinct needs of seniors who are institutionalized. It also addresses the needs of those low-income seniors living in the community. The overall result is an integrated program aimed at improving the dental health of all seniors in Toronto.","y","Journal (Canadian Dental Association)","Embase","Journal Article","dental health of senior citizens",2,27,2,"comprehensive dental programme for senrio citizens",3,"programme",3,0,0,"Toronto",215,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T375,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Toronto"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T375,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaToronto",2,1,0]
["Shore, M. F.; Cohen, M. D.",1990,"The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Program on Chronic Mental Illness: An overview","In 1985 the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation implemented the Program on Chronic Mental Illness, which provides grants and assistance to nine cities across the country in their efforts to improve services to persons with chronic mental illness. A basic premise of the program is that a central mental health authority is the cornerstone of improved systems of care. To be eligible for participation in the program, each city had to develop a service system incorporating a central authority and four other features: continuity of care, a full range of services, a housing plan, and new sources of financing. The authors describe how the cities were selected and how the program operates. They also provide a case example of the problems one city faced in establishing a central authority.","y","Hospital and Community Psychiatry","Embase","Journal Article","Mental illness Service Improvement",2,25,2,"Service improvement in mental health servcies",3,"Robert Wood Foundation Grants",8,0,0,"9 Cities in USA",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T376,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T376,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",2,1,0]
["Fortmann, S. P.; Winkleby, M. A.; Flora, J. A.; Haskell, W. L.; Taylor, C. B.",1990,"Effect of long-term community health education on blood pressure and hypertension control: The Stanford Five-City Project","The Stanford Five-City Project was initiated in 1978 to evaluate the effects of a community-wide health education program on cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure. Two treatment cities received an education program, which used the mass media, various community-based programs, and health professionals, designed to encourage individuals to learn their blood pressure levels, stay in the care of a physician if hypertensive, achieve ideal weight, exercise regularly, and reduce dietary sodium. Physicians were encouraged to follow national hypertension treatment guidelines and were provided with a range of patient education materials. To evaluate the effect of the intervention on cardiovascular risk factors, four independent cross-sectional surveys of randomly selected households and four repeated surveys of a cohort were conducted in both treatment cities and in two of the three control cities. After 5-1/3 years of intervention, blood pressure in the treatment cities exhibited an overall decline of 7.4 and 5.5 mmHg systolic and 5.0 and 3.7 mmHg diastolic in the cohort and independent surveys, respectively. These declines produced net changes between the treatment and control cities ranging from -1.1 to -3.8 mmHg. While the magnitude of these changes is not large, the results are significant from a public health perspective because they reflect changes in the overall community.","y","American Journal of Epidemiology","Embase","Journal Article","cardiovascular disease",1,4,2,"community wide health education program",1,"stanford five city project",11,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T377,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T377,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,2]
["Casswell, S.; Ransom, R.; Gilmore, L.",1990,"Evaluation of a mass-media campaign for the primary prevention of alcohol-related problems","A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate an alcohol-related problem prevention programme. The study compared two cities exposed to a mass-media campaign with two cities which received the same mass-media campaign and also participated in community organization. Two comparable reference cities received no intervention programme. The objectives of the community organization campaign included an increase in support for alcohol policies and the mass-media campaign aimed to change attitudes about alcohol use. A process evaluation illustrated the difficulties a problem-prevention programme such as this is likely to encounter. Vested interest groups involved in the production, sale and promotion of alcohol had a significant adverse effect on the running of the campaign. The process evaluation also documented that the way in which a public health agency chooses to manage controversies is an integral part of the health promotion campaign. Attitudes towards alcohol use were affected by the mass-media campaign but the combined approach of mass-media and community action showed a slightly greater impact. The mass-media campaign also had an effect on public support for alcohol policies even though this was not the target of the campaign. Over all, the results suggest that the mass-media campaign, despite having a focus on individual drinking behaviour, served the function of keeping alcohol problems on the public agenda and maintaining support for healthy public policies.","y","Health Promotion International","Embase","Journal Article","alcohol related problem",1,13,2,"mass media campaign",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"2 cities (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T378,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T378,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Farquhar, J. W.; Fortmann, S. P.; Flora, J. A.; Taylor, C. B.; Haskell, W. L.; Williams, P. T.; Maccoby, N.; Wood, P. D.",1990,"Effects of communitywide education on cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Stanford Five-City Project","To test whether communitywide health education can reduce stroke and coronary heart disease, we compared two treatment cities (N = 122800) and two control cities (N = 197500) for changes in knowledge of risk factors, blood pressure, plasma cholesterol level, smoking rate, body weight, and resting pulse rate. Treatment cities recieved a 5-year, low-cost, comprehensive program using social learning theory, a communication-behavior change model, community organization principles, and social marketing methods that resulted in about 26 hours of exposure to multichannel and multifactor education. Risk factors were assessed in representative cohort and cross-sectional surveys at baseline and in three later surveys. After 30 to 64 months of education, significant net reductions in community averages favoring treatment occurred in plasma cholesterol level (2%), blood pressure (4%), resting pulse rate (3%), and smoking rate (13%) of the cohort sample. These risk factor changes resulted in important decreases in composite total mortality risk scores (15%) and coronary heart disease risk scores (16%). Thus, such low-cost programs can have an impact on risk factors in broad population groups.","y","Journal of the American Medical Association","Embase","Journal Article","cardiovascular disease",1,4,2,"community wide health eduction",1,"stanford five city project",11,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T379,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T379,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,2]
["Monteiro, C.; Rea, M.; Victora, C.",1990,"Can infant mortality be reduced by promoting breastfeeding? Evidence from Sao Paulo city","An ambitious breastfeeding promotion programme was launched in Brazil in 1981 which included the use of mass media, health personnel training and re-organization of health service routines. A comparison of two health surveys carried out in Greater Sao Paulo before (1981) and after (1987) the implementation of the programme showed an important increase in the median duration of breastfeeding from 84 to 146 days, respectively. The potential impact of the programme on infant mortality rates has been estimated, using the relative risks associated with breastfeeding obtained in a case-control study in a similar urban population in southern Brazil. During this period the infant mortality rate in Sao Paulo fell by 49%. The observed change in feeding practices may have been responsible for a reduction of 12% of this 49% or, expressed another way, for one-quarter of the observed decline in infant mortality. The calculations suggest that the programme may have led to reductions in deaths caused by diarrhoea of 32%, in respiratory infections of 22% and in deaths due to other infections of 17%.","y","Health Policy and Planning","Embase","Journal Article","infant mortality",1,37,2,"breastfeeding promotion programme",1,"national programme",8,0,0,"Sao Paolo",182,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T380,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sao Paulo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T380,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSao Paulo",14,2,1]
["Bowler, C.; Brimblecombe, P.",1990,"The difficulties of abating smoke in late victorian york","Historical railway documents and council minutes for the city of York reveal an active interest in abating smoke As early as the mid-nineteenth century the public became less willing to accept pollution as a necessary part of economic progress. The Sanitary Committee of the council , while diligent in the latter part of the century, seemed unable to use the Public Health Act (1875) effectively. It undertook studies of smoke control devices and their use, but could not identify a workable method of smoke control. Industry, under continual pressure from the Town Clerk's office usually took steps to control smoke emissions. However the improvements in air quality, even when control procedures were adopted by many of the city's major factories, seem disapointing. Weak laws and limited technology hampered a very clear enthusiasm to abate smoke.","y","Atmospheric Environment - Part B Urban Atmosphere","Embase","Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"19th century councils effort to reduce smoke emissions",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"York (UK)",232,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T381,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"York"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T381,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandYork",3,3,1]
["Persky, T.; Taylor, A.; Simson, S.",1989,"The network trilogy project: linking aging, mental health and health agencies","There is a striking disparity between the estimated need for mental health care by 18-25% of the nation's elderly, and the minimal utilization of private and publicly funded services by this age cohort. Recognition that the elderly are not well served by existing systems led a trilogy of major Philadelphia aging, mental health, and health organizations to form a partnership for the purpose of improving, expanding, and integrating service delivery for a segment of the population which has been overlooked. A training model was devised to overcome the organizational isolation of agencies serving mutual clients with interrelated problems. For training purposes, the city was divided into five sections. Consultants were recruited to organize staff development groups from the health, mental health and senior centers in the geographic areas to which they were assigned. This paper describes the interagency training experience, the receptivity of the participants, and discusses the issues which must be addressed to improve coordination of elderly services by the aging, health, and mental health systems.","y","Gerontology & geriatrics education","Embase","Journal Article","lack of access of MH services for the elderly",2,25,2,"improve MH services for the elderly",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Philadelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T382,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T382,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,0]
["Schinnar, A. P.; Rothbard, A. B.; Hadley, T. R.",1989,"Opportunities and risks in Philadelphia's capitation financing of public psychiatric services","The city of Philadelphia was one of nine sites selected by the Robert Wood Johnson (RWJ) Foundation and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to receive five-year funding to improve the delivery, quality and cost efficiency of public mental health services to its chronically mentally ill population. As part of the RWJ project, the city plans to restructure its delivery and reimbursement system, creating a not-for-profit central authority which will function as a health insurance organization (HIO) responsible for coordinating and managing psychiatric care to Medicaid clients. Operating under a model of capitation, the central authority will employ diverse funding mechanisms to finance and manage service delivery. This paper examines the benefits and risks inherent in the reorganization of Philadelphia's mental health service system under a capitation financing model. Issues considered include cost and utilization patterns, treatment outcomes, providers and their staffing patterns, service mix and the overall impact of capitation on clients.","y","Community Mental Health Journal","Embase","Journal Article","improve quality and cost of MH services for chronically mentally ill",2,25,2,"create a not for profit insurance system ",3,"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation",6,0,0,"Philadelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T383,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T383,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,0]
["Brevik, L.; Sundh, E. K.",1989,"Project 67+","Project 67+ is carried out in Oslo, the capital city of Norway. Oslo has 450000 inhabitants, and was once known in health-circles for the 'Oslobreakfast'. Project 67+ is a campaign which sets out to change attitudes towards the elderly among the public in general, and also the elderly and their attitude towards ageing. The major part of the work is done by the elderly themselves. It has proved to be a movement that is here to stay, and it is continuously developing in new directions. On 1 July 1988 Oslo Municipality inaugurated a system of 25 local Neighbourhood Administrative Schemes. These urban schemes are to administer all municipal health and social services, with the exception of specialist services and hospitals. This has caused a lot of changes, however, but will also give opportunities, not least to create an influence on local politics, etc.","y","Health Promotion","Embase","Journal Article","health of the elderly",1,0,2,"local neighbourhoods to administer health and social services",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Oslo (450k)",154,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T384,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Oslo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T384,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"norway"},"norwayOslo",42,3,0]
["Olsen, J.; Frische, G.; Poulsen, A. O.; Kirchheiner, H.",1989,"Changing smoking, drinking, and eating behaviour among pregnant women in Denmark. Evaluation of a health campaign in a local region","Health behaviour during pregnancy was examined before and after a comprehensive health campaign targeted at pregnant women in Odense, Denmark. Furthermore, lifestyle habits were compared before and during the campaign with similar habits in Aalborg, Denmark. All 13,815 pregnant women (equal numbers from each city) were enrolled in the study, and 11,980 gave information on eating, drinking, and smoking habits during pregnancy. Data collection in both cities took place from April 1984 to April 1987. The campaign, which was entitled 'Healthy Habits for Two', ran from April 1985 to April 1987 in the city of Odense only. No significant change in health behaviour in the Odense area was noted after the start of the campaign.","y","Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","health of pregnant women",1,50,2,"health behaviour campaign",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Odense (Denmark)",155,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T385,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Odense"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T385,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"denmark"},"denmarkOdense",23,3,1]
["Wilson, J.",1989,"Supporting self help. Six years of work in an English city","The work of the Nottingham Self Help Team, initially starting in 1982 as a small experiment after some small scale work at Nottingham Council for Voluntary Service (NCVS), is now well established. Initially financed through joint finance, it is now largely funded by mainline health authority funds but still managed by NCVS. Three particular aspects of its work have proved valuable: work with new groups; involvement in professional training; and the provision of information about groups to both professionals and members of the public. The Team does not start groups, but rather responds to people who whish to do so, using a community work approach. Allies among professionals have proved essential to establish regular training events with professional workers in the health and social services, though the scale of these is still small. Indirect information work, for example the publication of an annual directory of self help groups has been as useful as direct provision. The Team has come to play two particular roles. One is an intermediary, the other in identifying and promoting good practice. A carfully worked out agreement with the HA sets out the degree of accountability. Monitoring and evaluation built into the Team's work from the start have helped changes to be made and the Team's sponsors to feel confident about their support. Self help groups can play an important and special role in public health policy, but to achieve this on any scale, some intermediary body is needed. The Nottingham Team, thought not providing a blueprint, offers one model. Expansion of this sort of work is needed in the UK. In addition changes need to be made in professional practice and training, if the potential of the contribution of self help groups is to be realized.","y","Health Promotion","Embase","Journal Article","increasing self help ",2,0,2,"created a central team to support groups in increasing self help",3,"commissioning",6,0,0,"Nottingham (UK)",148,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T386,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nottingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T386,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandNottingham",3,3,0]
["Walter, H. J.; Wynder, E. L.",1989,"The development, implementation, evaluation, and future directions of a chronic disease prevention program for children: The 'Know Your Body' studies","In 1975, the American Health Foundation initiated the development, implementation, and evaluation of a school-based, teacher-delivered program of the primary prevention of heart disease, cancer, and stroke. The aims of this program, entitled 'Know Your Body', are to modify favorably the population distribution of risk factors for chronic disease through changes in diet, physical activity, and cigarette smoking. After more than a decade of investigation, this program has been found to be feasible and acceptable to school personnel, students, and parents, and appears to have had favorable effects on prevention-related knowledge, dietary intake, obesity, blood cholesterol levels, and the rate of initiation of cigarette smoking among diverse populations of school children in the New York City area. If these findings can be replicated, the widespread implementation of such programs has the potential to reduce the population risk for the future development of the nation's leading causes of premature mortality.","y","Preventive Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","chronic disease prevention in children",1,50,2,"chronic disease prevention program delivered at schools for children",1,"american health foudnation",8,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T387,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T387,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Madeley, R. J.; Hull, D.; Elwood, J. M.",1988,"Evaluation of the Nottingham birth scoring system","A case-control study of postneonatal deaths occuring in 1974-1976 in the City of Nottingham, England, revealed that most were attributable to respiratory infections and SIDS, and primary occurred in wintertime, at home, in the less well-off parts of Nottingham. By means of a step-wise discriminant analysis, 9% of the infant population was identified as a high-risk group in whom 53% of postneonatal death could be expected to occur. From January 1, 1978, this group of infants was followed up more intensively by health visitors and general practitioners, who gave advice on the early recognition of respiratory symptoms. Although the postneonatal mortality rate fell from 6.5 per 1,000 live births in 1977 to 5.2 per 1,000 in 1983, it is not possible to show that the rate of improvement was any faster after the introduction of the system. The system was discontinued on March 31, 1985. Birth scoring systems are not recommended; instead, resources should be concentrated on general improvements in services and symptom recognition, and basic research into the causes of SIDS.","y","Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","Embase","Journal Article","postneonatal deaths",1,37,2,"birth scoring system to identify those most at risk",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Nottingham",148,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T388,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nottingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T388,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandNottingham",3,3,3]
["Kearns, G.",1988,"Private property and public health reform in England 1830-70","British cities of the mid-nineteenth century were insanitary. In many cases lack of street paving, insufficient water, proliferating cesspools and open sewers turned them into cloying, degrading and offensive mires. Many of the urban workers, too poor to pay rent sufficient to meet the costs of these environmental services, were shuffled among damp dingy rooms into which the sun shone feebly and in which their physical odours were confined against any draughts. The relations between landlord and tenant were circumscribed by the indebtedness of the former and the penury of the latter. Water, sewerage and housing standards were left to the sway of the market while the effective demand for them was limited by low real wages. In the largest cities this filth was dangerous as well as offensive and public health reforms became ever more pressing. Yet the form in which this legislation was secured and the manner in which it was implemented were not as straightforward as this sketch of their crying necessity might suggest.","y","Social Science and Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"legislation on private property to improve public health (1830-1870)",2,"legislation",4,0,0,"british cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T389,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T389,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",15,3,0]
["Whitaker, L.",1970,"Social reform and the comprehensive community mental health center: the model cities experiment",null,"y","American journal of public health and the nation's health","Embase","Journal Article","mental health",2,25,2,"comprehensive community mental health",3,"social reform",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T390,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T390,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"+V390&U390","v":"0no city or multiple cities stated"},0,0,0]
["Rosner, L. J.; Pitkin, O. E.; Rosenbluth, L.",1970,"Improved use of health professionals in New York City schools",null,"y","American journal of public health and the nation's health","Embase","Journal Article","health",2,0,2,"improved the use of helath professional s in schools",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T391,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T391,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Hafner, H.; Klug, J.",1982,"The impact of an expanding community mental health service on patterns of bed usage: Evaluation of a four-year period of implementation","In the city of Mannheim the introduction of an extensive community mental health service has been shown, by means of case-register data over 4 1/2 years, to have led to a considerable increase in utilization, mainly at the out-patient level of care. The rates of admission to hospital increased very little. Due to the simultaneous decline in long-term bed occupancy, the overall need for psychiatric beds remained stable at a rate of about 1.2/1000, a rate which is very low by international standards. The sharp decline in the 'old' long-stay population was followed by a smaller increase in 'new' long-stay patients which has not been possible to prevent. These patients are, however, admitted for a long-term stay significantly later than formerly, and their diagnostic composition has changed significantly. The increase in the bed requirements for short- and medium-term stay patients resulted from different sources: an increasing morbidity in some groups of disorders, the rising utilization in case of emergencies and severe crises, and the transfer of long-stay patients to alternative care services. The level of these needs was very similar in Mannheim, Salford, Samso and Camberwell, whereas the rates for long-term beds still show clear national differences.","y","Psychological Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","improved mental health servcice",2,25,2,"extensive community mental health service",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Mannheim",124,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T392,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mannheim"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T392,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyMannheim",28,3,1]
["Allukian, M.; Steinhurst, J.; Dunning, J. M.",1981,"Community organization and a regional approach to fluoridation of the greater Boston area","Organized community efforts induced social change in 33 cities and towns in the greater Boston area to advance fluoridation in a state where fluoridation is a controversial and political issue. This regional approach was successful in obtaining fluoridation for the communities that shared a water supply.","y","Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)","Embase","Journal Article","dental health",1,27,2,"fluoridation of water supply",2,"social change",2,0,0,"Boston",23,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T393,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"boston"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T393,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaboston",1,1,0]
["Kinlen, L.; Doll, R.",1981,"Fluoridation of water supplies and cancer mortality. III: A re-examination of mortality in cities in the USA","The mortality from cancer in the 10 largest cities in the USA that have had fluoridated water supplies since before 1957 was somewhat higher in 1970 than in the large non-fluoridated cities that we have examined. The relative excess has not increased since 1950, if allowance is made for changes in the sex, age, and ethnic group constitution of the population by any of the standard methods. On the contrary, it has decreased slightly no matter which of the appropriate methods of comparison is chosen. We thank Angela Hewitt for help with the analyses and the National Center for Health Statistics, Maryland, for making available mortality data relating to the cities covered by this study.","y","Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","Embase","Journal Article","dental health",1,22,2,"fluoridation of water supply",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"10 Cities in USA",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T394,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T394,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,3]
["Ermann, D.; Aronoff, R.",1980,"A study of central-city hospital changes","This study was initiated to determine the extent of hospital capacity reduction in large U.S. cities. In addition, hospital bed and service additions were analyzed. Study data indicate that between 1976 and 1978 more than 5,000 beds were closed in the 36 cities surveyed. This constitutes 2.7 per cent of total hospital beds in those cities. Nearly half of the cities had no bed reduction at all, while seven had their supply diminished by more than 5 per cent. Thirty-one emergency rooms and 13 outpatient facilities were also closed during the 2-year period, potentially affecting patient access. Health systems agencies (HSAs) expressed approval of 73.4 per cent of hospital closures and 54.4 per cent of expansions, therefore expressing greater support of system shrinkage. Data on expected hospital changes (for the next year) was limited. However, openings and expansions are expected to occur at a slightly higher rate than during the 1976-78 period with fewer closures.","y","Medical Care","Embase","Journal Article","hospital capacity",2,39,2,"hospital capacity reduction between 1976-8",3,"service change",3,0,0,"USA Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T395,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T395,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Reed, L.",1972,"The changing face of health care delivery. Neighborhood health centers and model cities. Adjust your practice to their needs?",null,"y","Imj","Embase","Journal Article","imporved healthcare",2,38,2,"neighbourhood health centres",3,"service change",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T396,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T396,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Whitaker, L.",1972,"Social reform and the comprehensive community mental health center--the model cities experiment. II",null,"y","American journal of public health","Embase","Journal Article","imporved mental healthcare",2,25,2,"neighbourhood health centres",3,"service change",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T397,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T397,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Roberts, J. L.; Berry, J.",1987,"Project smoke free","This article looks at progress made on smoking and health programmes in the North Western Region of the NHS since a three-year initiative, Project Smoke Free (PSF) began in June 1985. The Project receives an annual grant of 150,000 from the Health Education Authority (HEA) and 70,000 from the North Western Regional Health Authority (NWRHA). The latter also provides accommodation, consultancy, and support through the Regional Prevention Department at the RHA. An independent evaluation team in the Department of Education, University of Manchester, receives 50,000 a year from the HEA. The City of Manchester and the three District Health Authorities (DHAs) serving the City are also associated with the Project. The following aims and objectives were agreed. (i) To conduct a pilot 'model' scheme to reduce the prevalence of smoking within a major industrial city; (ii) to devise and test a variety of innovative strategies, chiefly involving the support of local media. Objectives: (i) To use mass media to deliver the message that smoking is harmful to health and to provide help for smokers who want to give up; (ii) to work with school children and their families to persuade children never to start smoking; (iii) to promote a smoke-free environment in public places and organisations; (iv) to monitor the implementation of non-smoking policies in the Region's District Health Authorities. Work has focussed on the use of the media in stimulating changes. A key theme has been the participation of local people in contributing to the ideas and material broadcast to wide audiences. Media used include TV, cinema, bill-boards, newspapers, radio, theatre in education, cassette tapes, telephone, printed booklets, pamphlets and posters. Examples of the use and abuse of the media by the tobacco industry have been gathered and used to monitor local and national changes in tobacco industry marketing.","y","Health Trends","Embase","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"reduce smoking",1,"regional health authority",5,0,0,"Manchester",125,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T398,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Manchester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T398,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandManchester",3,3,0]
["Fleming, G. V.; Andersen, R. M.",1986,"The Municipal Health Services Program. Improving access to primary care without increasing expenditures","Under the Municipal Health Services Program (MHSP), five city governments created networks of primary care clinics with a goal of serving populations thought to have poor access to primary medical care. A major concern was fragmented care in public hospitals and other public facilities. The new MHSP clinics were expected to provide care at lower cost than the population's alternative sources of care. Medicare and Medicaid waivers were also provided. This evaluation indicates that MHSP did reach most, but not all, of the targeted groups. MHSP may have successfully replaced some outpatient department and emergency room services. However, it failed to realize the program goals of continuity and high patient satisfaction. Per capita expenditures for medical care for MHSP users were no higher than for others, but also were not significantly lower. However, for Medicare eligible MHSP users, expenditures by Medicare were significantly less.","y","Medical care","Embase","Journal Article","poor access to primary care",2,38,2,"improvign access to primary care",3,"service change",3,0,0,"5 Cities in USA",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T399,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T399,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Elder, J. P.; McGraw, S. A.; Abrams, D. B.",1986,"Organizational and community approaches to community-wide prevention of heart disease: The first two years of the Pawtucket Heart Health Program","The Pawtucket Heart Health program (PHHP) is a federally funded research and demonstration project for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a community. This article presents a discussion of the first 26 months of this intervention, divided into its three phases, PHHP staff initially approached the intervention city through local organizations to accomplish risk-factor behavior change in the population. After 11 months, PHHP complemented its programs in organizations with activities open to all city residents, in order to accelerate participation by the population. Seven months into this phase, it was decided that community activities should be the major focus of the intervention approach to assure a level of participation adequate to make a measurable impact. The third phase has shown the greatest percentage of public participation, demonstrating the complementary nature of organization and community interventions and of the translation of social learning theory into principles for primary prevention in a community.","y","Preventive Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","improved prevention ",1,26,2,"prevention of heart disease",1,"federally funded",8,0,0,"Pawtucket (USA)",166,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T400,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Pawtucket"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T400,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPawtucket",1,1,0]
["Schmelzer, M.; Reeves, S. R.; Zahner, S. J.",1986,"Health services in day-care centers: A public health nursing design","Recognizing national and local needs, a public health nursing service model for children enrolled in licensed full day-care centers in the city of Madison was developed by the Madison Department of Public Health and funded from the state maternal and child health/prevention block grants for fiscal year 1982-1983. The department was awarded continuation funding at the same level through December 31, 1984. The public health nurse is an essential provider in this model, working directly and indirectly with children, parents, teachers, and key community professionals. The nurse identifies problems early and promotes significant and timely health education, thereby facilitating the improvement of emotional, physical, and social potentials for children and their families. The goals for the educational and service programs were aimed at fostering positive health behaviors, providing early health screening and problem management, and improving knowledge about safety measures in the day-care population. Programs and services were developed based on the assessed health and health education needs of approximately 1500 children through a needs-assessment tool administered to parents and day-care staff. The goals of the grant were further enhanced through the innovative use of videotaping as an educational tool.","y","Public Health Nursing","Embase","Journal Article","childrens health",1,0,2,"public health nurse in childrens day care centres",3,"city health dept",5,0,0,"Madison ",119,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T401,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Madison"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T401,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaMadison",1,1,0]
["McKay, R. B.; Levine, D. M.; Bone, L. R.",1985,"Community organization in a school health education program to reduce sodium consumption","This paper describes the important role of community organization in providing the enabling and reinforcing factors necessary for students to adopt dietary behavior changes recommended in a school health education program for cardiovascular health. The \"Hold the Salt!\" program was designed to teach sixth grade students and their families about the link between high sodium diets early in life and increased risk for cardiovascular disease, and to significantly reduce pupils' intake of high-sodium snacks. The program consists of four educational components: a classroom cafeteria curriculum unit built around a board game; parent outreach; health provider reinforcement; and community support. The program was tested in an experimental group (n = 55) of urban, black, sixth grade students, whose knowledge and behavior changes were compared to a control group (n = 23) with similar demographic statistics. Data collected before and after the school program showed a 20% increase in knowledge about sodium and health (p less than .01) and a 33% decrease in reported high-sodium snack consumption (p less than .05) in the experimental group compared to no significant knowledge or reported behavior changes in the control group. The program was piloted for two years in Baltimore City elementary schools, then adopted by the Maryland State Dept. of Education for dissemination as part of the Home Economics curriculum in all of the state's middle schools.","y","The Journal of school health","Embase","Journal Article","reduce salt intake",1,26,2,"school health education program",1,"program",0,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T402,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T402,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["an der Heiden, W.; Krumm, B.",1985,"Does outpatient treatment reduce hospital stay in schizophrenics?","The implementation of community mental health care for psychiatric patients in Mannheim, an industrial city of approximately 300,000 inhabitants, poses questions concerning the impact of outpatient treatment on the probability of rehospitalization. For this purpose the use of extramural facilities by a group of 148 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia was studied over a period of 18 months. Based on a model of utilization that allows for the removal of confounding effects the statistical analysis reveals that outpatient contacts with psychiatrists in practice or with an outpatient clinic indeed reduces time in hospital and also improves the psychopathological status of the patients.","y","European archives of psychiatry and neurological sciences","Embase","Journal Article","MH quality of care",2,25,2,"community metnal health provision",3,"service addition / improvement",3,0,0,"Mannheim (300k pop)",124,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T403,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mannheim"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T403,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyMannheim",28,3,1]
["Scala, A.; Gritti, P.",1985,"The impact of psychiatric reform on inpatient services in a metropolitan area of Southern Italy: The Naples case","Six years after the Psychiatric Reform, phasing out of Mental Hospital and implementing a community based Mental Health System, i.e. the main goals of the Reform, are not yet performed in Southern big cities of Italian peninsula. In Naples metropolitan area this new Mental Health policy faces with a dramatic lack of community services. This paper summarizes data concerning the trends in psychiatric admissions to some inpatient public settings of Naples before and after the Reform, with the intent of pointing out the short-time outcomes of this law in a highly populated area. The Authors stress some positive results of the Reform in the study area, as well as the factors which have contributed to the inadequate application of the new law.","y","Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","Embase","Journal Article","MH Quality of Care",2,25,2,"Phasing out inpatient and implementing community based care",2,"service reform",4,0,0,"Naples",142,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T404,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Naples"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T404,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"italy"},"italyNaples",34,3,1]
["Buchanan, G. J.",1977,"Development of a program for ambulatory nursing care","Health care delivery systems that provide care for the vertical patient are increasing in numbers as well as in the scope of services that they provide throughout the nation. The nurse's professional relationship with other health care team members has broadened, increasing areas of overlapping responsibilities and roles in these health care settings. A more highly educated population is increasingly demanding as to the prerogatives and special position of the professionals who serve them. Change is the password of now, and nurses must move together to meet change, insure quality, and maintain an awareness of consumers' health needs. Nurses, like other health professionals, are faced with the pressing need to critically reevaluate their roles in the delivery of ambulatory care. The effectiveness of the strategies to bring about change in the Oklahoma City VA Ambulatory Care nursing services will become apparent as the consumer response to new programs is evaluated. While it is too early to forecast the ultimate outcomes, the nursing staff reflect increased satisfaction in their clinical practice, and the patients and their families have been enthusiastic in their involvement in the patient education programs. A close collaborative relationship with the state, county, and local health resources is well established. A strong multidisciplinary team works together effectively in planning and providing care. Non-nursing duties once performed by the outpatient nursing staff have been relinquished to the appropriate service. The registered nurse has become a 'professional', accepting the responsibilities of the role in clinical practice and the accountability of performance.","y","Nursing Clinics of North America","Embase","Journal Article","QI for ambulatory nursing care",2,40,2,"QI program for ambulatory nursing care",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Oklahoma",156,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T405,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Oklahoma"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T405,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaOklahoma",1,1,1]
["Hyman, H. H.",1975,"The politics of health care; nine case studies of innovative planning in New York City","Nine case studies of innovative health programs undertaken in New York City are reviewed with a view to determining how well these programs succeeded in reaching their objectives, whether the objectives changed from the time they were initially acted upon until they were implemented and whether there is a predictable pattern in the way programs are initiated, negotiated and then implemented. Programs studied included Ghetto Medicine, Medicaid, Family Planning, Abortion, Rat Control, Health and Hospitals Corporation, Ambulatory Health Care Center, Regional Medical Programs and Comprehensive Health Planning. Based upon the data of these 9 cases, the author finds that most of the innovative attempts to improve health services in a significant way did not succeed. Further, program objectives were usually significantly changed, either in the scale or the direction of the program, from the time of its inception to the point of actual implementation. Two identifiable patterns emerged with respect to timing in the modification of initial objectives: changes in objectives occur primarily during a program's implementation phase and they are more likely to occur in support programs than in service programs.","y","Abstracts of Hospital Management Studies","Embase","Journal Article","Health service improvement",2,39,2,"9 case studies of attempts to improve health care",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T406,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T406,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,3]
["Schwarz, A.; Cohen, F. C.; Kavaler, F.",1973,"A ghetto medicine program","In New York City, social service departments in voluntary hospitals have been brought under direct contract with the Department of Health. To insure that the contractual guidelines are being followed, the department carries on a continuing evalutation of the social service departments of 26 voluntary hospitals and found significant improvement in their service to previously neglected patients.","y","Social Work","Embase","Journal Article","quality of social service departmetns in hospitals",2,39,2,"centralisd contract management and evaluation visits",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T407,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T407,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Bryant, D. J.; Mayes, P. E.",1973,"Improving information flow in the health service","The article decribes a pilot project undertaken in Hull, England, to study the feasibility of providing a management service to supply information to health service personnel, to demonstrate the effectiveness of a central control point for information and to evaluate the potential benefits of improved information flow. The central agency used was the cooperative service by the City Libraries and the Medical Library, who scanned and indexed all journals and material entering the hospital group headquarters. The core information was prepared and provided not only for particular job roles but also for the participants' personal specialities and interests. Results of the project proved both feasibility and effectiveness.","y","Hosp.Hlth Serv.Rev","Embase","Journal Article","poor access to information in the health service",2,40,2,"management service to supply informaiton to healthcare personnel",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"Hull",92,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T408,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hull"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T408,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandHull",3,3,0]
["Whitaker, L.",1972,"Social reform and the comprehensive community mental health center. The model cities experiment. II","The experience of a U.S. Model City Mental Health Program is presented within the context of the forces impinged on it. A major facet is the discussion of citizen participation and the lessons to be learned from developments here.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","MH services",2,25,2,"comprehensive community mental health centre",3,"US Model City Metnal Health Program",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T409,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T409,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Holloway, R. M.",1972,"New York City's experience in improving ambulance service","It has become fashionable in recent years to call in outside consultant systems analysts to provide management with recommendations for more efficient operation. While this approach has the advantage of an objective view by professionals, it is costly. Also, it is often difficult for an outside consultant to grasp the subjective elements of an operation, and it is these that determine how a system actually works. While the contributions of the consultant must not be overlooked, operating managers should not be afraid to examine their systems closely and effect realistic changes, major and minor, that will result in the most efficient and practical use of their resources. The ever increasing cost of providing health services mandates this attitude. The New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation adopted this approach with the knowledge that getting additional funds to improve service was unlikely. Control and administration of the ambulance service were centralized, and ambulances were redeployed temporally and geographically without additional cost. Having nurses screen calls does incur some expense as does training of ambulance technicians, but the cost benefit would appear to be great. In order to keep costs down, vehicles are selected on the basis of function rather than style and appearance. These changes have been made after examination of the ambulance system by existing staff of the emergency medical service and, to a lesser extent, on the studies and recommendations of the deputy mayors office.","y","Hsmha Hlth","Embase","Journal Article","quality of ambulance service",2,40,2,"control of ambulance service was centralized, nurses screening calls",3,"internal service improvement with the deputy mayor",3,0,1,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T410,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T410,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Chabot, A.",1971,"Improved infant mortality rates in a population served by a comprehensive neighborhood health program","The Denver Department of Health and Hospitals developed from multiple federal grants (M and I, C and V, OEO, PHS, and Family Planning) a comprehensive community health program for the low income population of Denver. To measure the impact of this program, infant mortality rates were reviewed in the low income and nonwhite populations Infant mortality in 25 selected low income census tracts in Denver was 342, per thousand live births in 1964. This decreased to 24.5 by 1968. Infant mortality of nonwhites in Denver was 41.9 in 1964 and decreased to 25.2 by 1968. This decrease in infant mortality rates in both of these populations compares very favorably with such data from other cities.","y","Pediatrics","Embase","Journal Article","Infant mortality",1,0,2,"comprehensive neighbourhood health program",7,"program (from federal grants)",5,8,0,"Denver",60,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T411,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Denver"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T411,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaDenver",1,1,2]
["Cowen, D. L.",1971,"Denver's mental health program","Denver has developed a health care program that coordinates traditional public health, mental health, and hospital care into a single systematic attack on the health problems of the core city. Evidence is presented to support the thesis that not only is a much larger volume of care being given, but that this care is effective in changing the health status of the residents of the affected area. Decentralized facilities with unified, coordinated management are pivotal to these successes; the administrative mechanisms, the professional relationships, and the roles being explored and developed have applicability to other settings and deserve study.","y","JAMA (Chicago, Ill.)","Embase","Journal Article","mental health",2,25,2,"single system for public health, mental health and hospital care",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Denver",60,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T412,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Denver"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T412,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaDenver",1,1,1]
["Haber, Z. G.",1969,"Implementing Head Start health goals in New York City","This article reports experience in implementing Project Head Start health goals in New York City during the period from September 1966 to August 31, 1967. It describes the concepts formulated, the process developed, approaches used, and the difficulties encountered in improving the delivery of personal health services to children in low income families, and in involving families in more comprehensive patterns of health care. The results show that parents in low income families can share effectively in planning to improve the delivery of health services, and that when such services are available and truly accessible they are utilized in a meaningful way. While the experience reported was limited to Project Head Start in New York City and to a specific period, it can be useful to community workers in other programs and cities who are responsible for improving the delivery of health services to low income families.","y","Med.Care","Embase","Journal Article","access and quality of healthcare servcies for children",2,0,2,"project to improve the delivery of personal health servcies to children",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T413,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T413,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Rosenblatt, D.; Kaasakalian, L.",1966,"Evaluation of venereal disease information campaign for adolescents","Increases since 1957 in venereal disease rates, particularly among teenagers, prompted an educational campaign by the New York City Health Department. Pamphlets, posters, newspaper advertisements, radio and TV programs, and matchbook covers were used to disseminate information about these diseases. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the educational campaign in terms of 'before and-after' changes in information. The populations sampled were Brooklyn College freshmen, 'Working Papers' Clinics of the New York City Health Department, and 2 prisons in New York. Data were gathered by questionnaire and the measure of 'exposure to informational media is retrospective self-report. The results show, in general, increases in reported exposures, 1962-1963, to the messages of the campaign, but not general increase in knowledge about VD except for the Brooklyn College sample. Although the educational campaign had no clear effect in raising the general level of information, within each sample the reported 'exposed' group scored higher in knowledge about VD. It is further reported that a combination of discussion with another medium is more effectively related to information acquisition than is any medium alone. Groups were rated by degree of 'permissiveness' toward premarital sexual relations and awareness, through personal acquaintance, of persons having venereal disease (a 4- item scale was developed). This index of potential VD risk and a measure of 'concern about acquiring information about VD were assessed for their interaction with reported exposure to the educational media and knowledge. The summary finding in that the nonexposed, restricted-risk, low-concern-forknowledge group is inferior to the exposed, highrisk, high-concern group in information. Implications for action and further study are discussed.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","sexual health",1,47,2,"mass media educaiton campaign ",1,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T414,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T414,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Belkin, M.; Suchman, E. A.; Levinson, B.; Jacobziner, H.",1965,"Mental health training program for the child health conference","A report is presented on the effects of a training program known as the Attitude Study Project. This program endeavors to introduce mental health concepts into the daily activities of the Child Health Station staff of the New York City Health Department. This study focuses on evaluation of the program by physicians and nurses before and after their training, as well as on an observational check of their behavior in the Child Health Conference to determine any changes after training.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Embase","Journal Article","mental health",1,25,2,"training program for staff on mental health concepts",1,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T415,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T415,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Weinstein, I.",1947,"Eighty years of public health in New York City","The author traces the development of Public Health in New York City from its modest beginning in 1799 when the city was given authority by the State Legislature to pass its own health laws. This power had become necessary to meet the emergency of pestilence rampant at that time. It was not until 1866, however, that the administration of the city's health was placed in the hands of a Board of Health. At first the function of the Department was little more than the elimination of nuisances and the improvement of sanitation. Gradually, through the efforts of many pioneers in Public Health, the duties of Food and Drug control, Communicable Disease control, Child Hygiene, Bacteriological Diagnostic laboratory, Milk control, Health Education, Nursing and Hospital Inspections were added. As a measure of the efficacy of the Health Department, it should be noted that yellow fever, cholera, typhus and small pox are no longer major health problems in New York City. The infant mortality has been reduced remarkably, and the life expectancy at birth has increased from about 31 years in 1880 to over 65 at the present time.","y","Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","Embase","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"city public health since 1799",7,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T416,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T416,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Hein, F. V.",1947,"Extending the school health education program","If child health behaviour is to be favourably influenced, factors in the home and community have to be conditioned as well as those in the school, since the child spends 85 per cent of his time outside the school. Intelligent school health guidance and intelligent home supervision must supplement each other. The parent needs to have an insight into the health needs of children and knowledge of how to meet them. They also need to understand the aims of the school health programme. A programme of interpretation is necessary to bring about an understanding of the change and progress that is bound to take place in the school's approach to the problems of each generation of pupils. In addition to parent-teacher meetings, parents' classes, public health nurses' visits, public health techniques can be adopted. For example, in one midwestern city, a 50 per cent response was received to letters sent to parents inviting comments and questions. Carefully phrased parent-questionnaires stressing desirable health behaviour for pupils, film shorts on health topics, shop window exhibits, 'open-house' and 'parents come-to-school nights' have been used. Newspaper articles and publicity as well as radio programme can be employed to good advantage. In the use of any or all of these methods, a planned, continuous, coordinated, and supervised programme must be carried on by pupils, teachers and parents.","y","Journal of Health and Physical Education, Washington","Embase","Journal Article","child health",1,0,2,"extending the school based health educaitn program to outside fo schools",0,"programm",0,0,0,"midwestern city (not namted)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T417,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T417,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Cradock, A. L.; Kenney, E. L.; McHugh, A.; Conley, L.; Mozaffarian, R. S.; Reiner, J. F.; Gortmaker, S. L.",2015,"Evaluating the Impact of the Healthy Beverage Executive Order for City Agencies in Boston, Massachusetts, 2011-2013","INTRODUCTION: Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with negative health effects. Access to healthy beverages may be promoted by policies such as the Healthy Beverage Executive Order (HBEO) established by former Boston mayor Thomas M. Menino, which directed city departments to eliminate the sale of SSBs on city property. Implementation consisted of \"traffic-light signage\" and educational materials at point of purchase. This study evaluates the impact of the HBEO on changes in beverage availability.; METHODS: Researchers collected data on price, brand, and size of beverages for sale in spring 2011 (899 beverage slots) and for sale in spring 2013, two years after HBEO implementation (836 beverage slots) at access points (n = 31) at city agency locations in Boston. Nutrient data, including calories and sugar content, from manufacturer websites were used to determine HBEO beverage traffic-light classification category. We used paired t tests to examine change in average calories and sugar content of beverages and the proportion of beverages by traffic-light classification at access points before and after HBEO implementation.; RESULTS: Average beverage sugar grams and calories at access points decreased (sugar, -13.1 g; calories, -48.6 kcal; p<.001) following the implementation of the HBEO. The average proportion of high-sugar (\"red\") beverages available per access point declined (-27.8%, p<.001). Beverage prices did not change over time. City agencies were significantly more likely to sell only low-sugar beverages after the HBEO was implemented (OR = 4.88; 95% CI, 1.49-16.0).; DISCUSSION: Policies such as the HBEO can promote community-wide changes that make healthier beverage options more accessible on city-owned properties.","y","Preventing Chronic Disease","MEDLINE","Journal Article","reducing sugar sweetened drinks",1,28,2,"elminated sugar sweetened beveraes in city property",2,"Mayor",5,0,1,"Boston",23,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T418,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"boston"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T418,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaboston",1,1,1]
["Trinh-Shevrin, C.; Kwon, S. C.; Park, R.; Nadkarni, S. K.; Islam, N. S.",2015,"Moving the dial to advance population health equity in New York City Asian American populations","The shift toward a health equity framework for eliminating the health disparities burden of racial/ethnic minority populations has moved away from a disease-focused model to a social determinants framework that aims to achieve the highest attainment of health for all. The New York University Center for the Study of Asian American Health (CSAAH) has identified core themes and strategies for advancing population health equity for Asian American populations in New York City that are rooted in the following: social determinants of health; multisectoral, community-engaged approaches; leveraging community assets; improved disaggregated data collection and access to care; and building sustainability through community leadership and infrastructure-building activities. We describe the strategies CSAAH employed to move the dial on population health equity.","y","American Journal of Public Health","MEDLINE","Journal Article","health inequilities",1,3,2,"social determinent framework to reduce health inequilities",0,"social determinents",7,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T419,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T419,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Gavin, V. R.; Seeholzer, E. L.; Leon, J. B.; Chappelle, S. B.; Sehgal, A. R.",2015,"If we build it, we will come: a model for community-led change to transform neighborhood conditions to support healthy eating and active living","Neighborhoods affect health. In 3 adjoining inner-city Cleveland, Ohio, neighborhoods, residents have an average life expectancy 15 years less than that of a nearby suburb. To address this disparity, a local health funder created the 2010 to 2013 Francis H. Beam Community Health Fellowship to develop a strategic community engagement process to establish a Healthy Eating & Active Living (HEAL) culture and lifestyle in the neighborhoods. The fellow developed and advanced a model, engaging the community in establishing HEAL options and culture. Residents used the model to identify a shared vision for HEAL and collaborated with community partners to create and sustain innovative HEAL opportunities. This community-led, collaborative model produced high engagement levels (15% of targeted 12 000 residents) and tangible improvements in the neighborhood's physical, resource, and social environments.","y","American Journal of Public Health","MEDLINE","Journal Article","health",1,51,2,"healthy eating and active living neighbourhood",2,"community led collaboration",2,0,0,"Cleveland (ohio)",51,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T420,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Cleveland"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T420,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCleveland",1,1,1]
["Macfarlane, R. G.; Wood, L. P.; Campbell, M. E.",2015,"Healthy Toronto by Design: Promoting a healthier built environment","Chronic diseases, obesity and sedentary lifestyles are some of the health challenges facing Canada today. There is increasing recognition and evidence that the way our cities are planned, designed and built can contribute to these problems. Many of the policy levers to address the built environment exist outside the health sector and at the municipal level in areas such as urban planning, transportation, parks and recreation, and housing. The challenge for the public health sector is to build and sustain partnerships and collaboration across various sectors to ensure that health is considered in built environment policies. As the public health unit for the city of Toronto and part of the municipal government, Toronto Public Health is in a unique position to provide leadership, advocacy and support for healthy municipal public policies related to the built environment. This article provides some examples of CLASP (Coalitions Linking Action and Science for Prevention) initiatives undertaken to help create support for healthy public policies in the built environment and suggests that the \"Healthy Cities\" approach is a useful framework to promote policy change in the built environment at the municipal level.","y","Canadian Journal of Public Health. Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique","MEDLINE","Journal Article","chronic diseases, obesity and sedentary lifestyles",1,50,2,"promoted a healthier built environment",2,"City Health Dept",5,1,0,"Toronto",215,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T421,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Toronto"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T421,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaToronto",1,1,0]
["Budd, N.; Cuccia, A.; Jeffries, J. K.; Prasad, D.; Frick, K. D.; Powell, L.; Katz, F. A.; Gittelsohn, J.",2015,"B'More Healthy: Retail Rewards--design of a multi-level communications and pricing intervention to improve the food environment in Baltimore City","BACKGROUND: Low-income black residents of Baltimore City have disproportionately higher rates of obesity and chronic disease than other Maryland residents. Increasing the availability and affordability of healthy food are key strategies to improve the food environment and can lead to healthier diets. This paper describes B'More Healthy: Retail Rewards (BHRR), an intervention that tests the effectiveness of performance-based pricing discounts and health communications, separately and combined, on healthy food purchasing and consumption among low-income small store customers.; METHODS/DESIGN: BHRR is 2x2 factorial design randomized controlled trial. Fifteen regular customers recruited from each of 24 participating corner stores in Baltimore City were enrolled. Food stores were randomized to 1) pricing intervention, 2) communications intervention, 3) combined intervention, or 4) control. Pricing stores were given a 10-30% price discount on selected healthier food items, such as fresh fruits, frozen vegetables, and baked chips, at the point of purchase from two food wholesale stores during the 6-month trial. Storeowners agreed to pass on the discount to the consumer to increase demand for healthy food. Communications stores received visual and interactive materials to promote healthy items, including signage, taste tests, and refrigerators. Primary outcome measures include consumer food purchasing and associated psychosocial variables. Secondary outcome measures include consumer food consumption, store sales, and associated storeowner psychosocial factors. Process evaluation was monitored throughout the trial at wholesaler, small store, and consumer levels.; DISCUSSION: This is the first study to test the impact of performance-based pricing and communications incentives in small food stores, an innovative strategy to encourage local wholesalers and storeowners to share responsibility in creating a healthier food supply by stocking, promoting, and reducing costs of healthier foods in their stores. Local food wholesalers were involved in a top-down, participatory approach to develop and implement an effective and sustainable program. This study will provide evidence on the effectiveness of price incentives and health communications, separately and combined, among a low-income urban U.S.; TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02279849 (2/18/2014).","i","BMC Public Health","MEDLINE","Journal Article","obesity and chronic disease",1,50,2,"communications and pricing intervention to improve the food environment",2,"program",0,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T422,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T422,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Engelberg, J. K.; Carlson, J. A.; Black, M. L.; Ryan, S.; Sallis, J. F.",2014,"Ciclovia participation and impacts in San Diego, CA: the first CicloSDias","OBJECTIVE: Ciclovia or Open Streets initiatives support physical activity through cycling/rolling, and walking/running. We evaluated San Diego's first Open Streets event, CicloSDias, to document attendance, reach and marketing, and effects on social cohesion, businesses, and physical activity.; METHODS: The comprehensive evaluation consisted of a city-wide survey 1 week before and after the event (n=805), counts of event attendees, and surveys of event attendees (n=713) and businesses (n=26).; RESULTS: An estimated 8311 people attended the event. Attendees had an average of 144 min (SD=85) of physical activity, 97% met the 30 min/day guideline, and 39% met the 150 min/week guideline during the event. 27% of attendees would have been inactive without the event. Awareness of the event was 10% before and 26% after the event. When comparing event attendees to San Diego residents, Latinos and non-White race/ethnicities were under-represented. Restaurants/pubs, services, and most retail stores excluding liquor stores and food markets reported positive or neutral impacts on business.; CONCLUSION: Open Street initiatives are promising ways to promote physical activity and are desired by the community. Positive effects were observed for physical activity, social cohesion, and businesses, though reach should be expanded to include more underserved community members. Evaluating Open Streets is important for sustaining and improving these efforts.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","y","Preventive Medicine","MEDLINE","Journal Article","traffic inhibiting health",1,29,2,"Ciclovia (Open Streets)",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"San Diego",181,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T423,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Diego"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T423,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Diego",1,1,1]
["Huitema, B. E.; Van Houten, R.; Manal, H.",2014,"Time-series intervention analysis of pedestrian countdown timer effects","Pedestrians account for 40-50% of traffic fatalities in large cities. Several previous studies based on relatively small samples have concluded that Pedestrian Countdown Timers (PCT) may reduce pedestrian crashes at signalized intersections, but other studies report no reduction. The purposes of the present article are to (1) describe a new methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of introducing PCT signals and (2) to present results of applying this methodology to pedestrian crash data collected in a large study carried out in Detroit, Michigan. The study design incorporated within-unit as well as between-unit components. The main focus was on dynamic effects that occurred within the PCT unit of 362 treated sites during the 120 months of the study. An interrupted time-series analysis was developed to evaluate whether change in crash frequency depended upon of the degree to which the countdown timers penetrated the treatment unit. The between-unit component involved comparisons between the treatment unit and a control unit. The overall conclusion is that the introduction of PCT signals in Detroit reduced pedestrian crashes to approximately one-third of the preintervention level. The evidence for this reductionis strong and the change over time was shown to be a function of the extent to which the timers were introduced during the intervention period. There was no general drop-off in crash frequency throughout the baseline interval of over five years; only when the PCT signals were introduced in large numbers was consistent and convincing crash reduction observed. Correspondingly, there was little evidence of change in the control unit. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","y","Accident Analysis & Prevention","MEDLINE","Journal Article","pedestrian injuries/death from crossing the road",1,44,2,"Pedestrian Countdown Timers on pedestrian crossings",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Detroit",62,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T424,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Detroit"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T424,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaDetroit",1,1,2]
["Farley, T. A.; Dowell, D.",2014,"Preventing childhood obesity: what are we doing right?","After decades of increases, the prevalence of childhood obesity has declined in the past decade in New York City, as measured in children participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and public school students, with the greatest reductions occurring in the youngest children. Possible explanations were changes in demographics; WIC, day care, and school food policies; citywide obesity prevention policies, media messages; and family and community food consumption. Although the decreases cannot be attributed to any one cause, the most plausible explanation is changes in food consumption at home, prompted by media messages and reinforced by school and child care center policy changes. Continued media messages and policy changes are needed to sustain these improvements and extend them to other age groups.","y","American Journal of Public Health","MEDLINE","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"various interventions",7,"not stated",1,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T425,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T425,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Muennig, P. A.; Epstein, M.; Li, G.; DiMaggio, C.",2014,"The cost-effectiveness of New York City's Safe Routes to School Program","OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a package of roadway modifications in New York City funded under the Safe Routes to School (SRTS) program.; METHODS: We used a Markov model to estimate long-term impacts of SRTS on injury reduction and the associated savings in medical costs, lifelong disability, and death. Model inputs included societal costs (in 2013 US dollars) and observed spatiotemporal changes in injury rates associated with New York City's implementation of SRTS relative to control intersections. Structural changes to roadways were assumed to last 50 years before further investment is required. Therefore, costs were discounted over 50 consecutive cohorts of modified roadway users under SRTS.; RESULTS: SRTS was associated with an overall net societal benefit of $230 million and 2055 quality-adjusted life years gained in New York City.; CONCLUSIONS: SRTS reduces injuries and saves money over the long run.","y","American Journal of Public Health","MEDLINE","Journal Article","road safety",1,44,2,"roadway modifications ",2,"funded by Safe Routes to School program",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T426,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T426,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Kilgore, E. A.; Mandel-Ricci, J.; Johns, M.; Coady, M. H.; Perl, S. B.; Goodman, A.; Kansagra, S. M.",2014,"Making it harder to smoke and easier to quit: the effect of 10 years of tobacco control in New York City","In 2002, New York City implemented a comprehensive tobacco control plan that discouraged smoking through excise taxes and smoke-free air laws and facilitated quitting through population-wide cessation services and hard-hitting media campaigns. Following the implementation of these activities through a well-funded and politically supported program, the adult smoking rate declined by 28% from 2002 to 2012, and the youth smoking rate declined by 52% from 2001 to 2011. These improvements indicate that local jurisdictions can have a significant positive effect on tobacco control.","y","American Journal of Public Health","MEDLINE","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"comprehensive tobacco control plan",7,"DohM",5,0,2,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T427,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T427,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Hunter, R. M.; Davie, C.; Rudd, A.; Thompson, A.; Walker, H.; Thomson, N.; Mountford, J.; Schwamm, L.; Deanfield, J.; Thompson, K.; Dewan, B.; Mistry, M.; Quoraishi, S.; Morris, S.",2013,"Impact on clinical and cost outcomes of a centralized approach to acute stroke care in London: a comparative effectiveness before and after model","BACKGROUND: In July 2010 a new multiple hub-and-spoke model for acute stroke care was implemented across the whole of London, UK, with continuous specialist care during the first 72 hours provided at 8 hyper-acute stroke units (HASUs) compared to the previous model of 30 local hospitals receiving acute stroke patients. We investigated differences in clinical outcomes and costs between the new and old models.; METHODS: We compared outcomes and costs 'before' (July 2007-July 2008) vs. 'after' (July 2010-June 2011) the introduction of the new model, adjusted for patient characteristics and national time trends in mortality and length of stay. We constructed 90-day and 10-year decision analytic models using data from population based stroke registers, audits and published sources. Mortality and length of stay were modelled using survival analysis.; FINDINGS: In a pooled sample of 307 patients 'before' and 3156 patients 'after', survival improved in the 'after' period (age adjusted hazard ratio 0.54; 95% CI 0.41-0.72). The predicted survival rates at 90 days in the deterministic model adjusted for national trends were 87.2% 'before' % (95% CI 86.7%-87.7%) and 88.7% 'after' (95% CI 88.6%-88.8%); a relative reduction in deaths of 12% (95% CI 8%-16%). Based on a cohort of 6,438 stroke patients, the model produces a total cost saving of 5.2 million per year at 90 days (95% CI 4.9-5.5 million; 811 per patient).; CONCLUSION: A centralized model for acute stroke care across an entire metropolitan city appears to have reduced mortality for a reduced cost per patient, predominately as a result of reduced hospital length of stay.","y","PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]","MEDLINE","Journal Article","stroke care ",2,19,2,"centralised acute stroke care",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T428,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T428,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,2]
["Campbell, C.; Gracely, E. J.; Cummings, C.; Pan, S.; Palermo, P.; Gould, G. D.",2013,"Philadelphia's Lead Court is making a difference","The Philadelphia Lead Court (PLC) was created as an innovative law enforcement strategy to compel property owners to comply with city health codes to remediate their properties of lead hazards, which had led to elevated blood lead levels and lead poisoning in resident children. This study presents a detailed account of and analyzes the opinions of fifteen key informants drawn from the Philadelphia health and law departments and judicial system that staff and run the PLC in response to a fifteen-question structured survey. Main themes reviewed include the effectiveness of the PLC as compared with precourt law enforcement strategies and within the context of a specialized court, the use of fines, the impact of grant funding for remediation work, the major advantages and disadvantages of the PLC, and suggested changes to improve court function, followed by key recommendations. The article concludes that our informants found that the PLC has been very effective and successful. This model could be replicated by other cities with similar health code enforcement challenges.","y","Journal of Health Politics, Policy & Law","MEDLINE","Journal Article","lead in homes and lead poisoning",1,43,2,"law and a specific court to enforce action",2,"law and court to enforce",4,0,0,"philadelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T429,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T429,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,0]
["Wang, Y. C.; Vine, S. M.",2013,"Caloric effect of a 16-ounce (473-mL) portion-size cap on sugar-sweetened beverages served in restaurants","BACKGROUND: New York City recently proposed a restriction to cap the portion size of all sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) sold in food-service establishments at 16 oz (473 mL). One critical question is whether such a policy may disproportionally affect low-income or overweight individuals.; OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the demographic characteristics of US individuals potentially affected by a 16-oz portion-size cap on SSBs and the potential effect on caloric intake.; DESIGN: We analyzed dietary records from the NHANES 2007-2010. We estimated the proportion of individuals who consumed at least one SSB >16 fluid oz (473 mL) in restaurants by age, household income, and weight status.; RESULTS: Of all SSBs >16 oz (473 mL) purchased from food-service establishments, 64.7% were purchased from fast food restaurants, 28.2% from other restaurants, and 4.6% from sports, recreation, and entertainment facilities. On a given day, the policy would affect 7.2% of children and 7.6% of adults. Overweight individuals are more likely to consume these beverages, whereas there was no significant difference between income groups. If 80% of affected consumers choose a 16-oz (473-mL) beverage, the policy would result in a change of -57.6 kcal in each affected consumer aged 2-19 y (95% CI: -65.0, -50.1) and -62.6 kcal in those aged >20 y (95% CI: -67.9, -57.4).; CONCLUSION: A policy to cap portion size is likely to result in a modest reduction in excess calories from SSBs, especially among young adults and children who are overweight.","y","American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","MEDLINE","Journal Article","obesity",1,28,2,"restriction on portion size of sugar sweetened beverages",2,"not stated",4,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T430,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T430,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Barnhill, A.; King, K. F.",2013,"Evaluating equity critiques in food policy: the case of sugar-sweetened beverages","Many anti-obesity policies face a variety of ethical objections. We consider one kind of anti-obesity policy - modifications to food assistance programs meant to improve participants' diet - and one kind of criticism of these policies, that they are inequitable. We take as our example the recent, unsuccessful effort by New York State to exclude sweetened beverages from the items eligible for purchase in New York City with Supplemental Nutrition Support Program (SNAP) assistance (i.e., food stamps). We distinguish two equity-based ethical objections that were made to the sweetened beverage exclusion, and analyze these objections in terms of the theoretical notions of distributive equality and social equality. First, the sweetened beverage exclusion is unfair or violates distributive equality because it restricts the consumer choice of SNAP participants relative to non-participants. Second, it is disrespectful or violates social equality to prohibit SNAP participants from purchasing sweetened beverages with food stamps. We conclude that neither equity-based ethical objection is decisive, and that the proposed exclusion of sugar-sweetened beverages is not a violation of either distributive or social equality.Copyright © 2013 American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Inc.","y","Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics","MEDLINE","Journal Article","obesity",1,28,2,"restriction on portion size of sugar sweetened beverages",2,"not stated",1,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T431,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T431,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Zieff, S. G.; Hipp, J. A.; Eyler, A. A.; Kim, M. S.",2013,"Ciclovia initiatives: engaging communities, partners, and policy makers along the route to success","CONTEXT: Recent efforts to increase physical activity through changes to the built environment have led to strategies and programs that use existing public space, including bicycle lanes, temporary parks, and the ciclovia initiative (scheduled events in which streets are closed to motorized vehicles and opened for recreational activities) popularized in South America.; OBJECTIVE: This article describes and compares the processes and structures involved in developing and implementing a ciclovia-type program in 2 US urban contexts: San Francisco, California, and St Louis, Missouri. Considering the current growth of and interest in ciclovia initiatives, important outcomes, lessons learned are offered for application in other, similar settings.; DESIGN: Primary sources from both initiatives and from published research on ciclovias constitute the body of evidence and include year-end reports, grant applications, meeting minutes, budgets, published ciclovia guidelines, evaluation studies and Web sites, media sources, and interviews and personal communication with the organizers.; MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary source documents were reviewed and included in this analysis if they offered information on 3 grounded questions: What processes were used in developing the initiative? What are the current structures and practices used in implementation of initiatives? What are important lessons learned and best practices from initiatives for recommendations to stakeholders and policy makers in other contexts?; RESULTS: Among the categories compared, the structures and processes for implementation regarding buy-in and city department collaboration, route selection, programming, partnerships, media promotion, community outreach, and merchant support were relatively similar among the 2 initiatives. The categories that differed included staffing and volunteer engagement and funding.; CONCLUSION: Buy-in from community partners, merchants, residents, and city agencies is critical for a positive experience in developing and implementing ciclovia-type initiatives in urban environments. When funding and staffing are inconsistent or limited, the quality and sustainability of the initiative is less certain.","y","Journal of Public Health Management & Practice","MEDLINE","Journal Article","sedantry behaviour",1,29,2,"Ciclovia (vehicle free streets)",2,"policy & collaboration",5,2,0,"St Francisco and St Louis",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T432,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T432,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Pugh, T. A.; Mackenzie, A. R.; Whyatt, J. D.; Hewitt, C. N.",2012,"Effectiveness of green infrastructure for improvement of air quality in urban street canyons","Street-level concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and particulate matter (PM) exceed public health standards in many cities, causing increased mortality and morbidity. Concentrations can be reduced by controlling emissions, increasing dispersion, or increasing deposition rates, but little attention has been paid to the latter as a pollution control method. Both NO(2) and PM are deposited onto surfaces at rates that vary according to the nature of the surface; deposition rates to vegetation are much higher than those to hard, built surfaces. Previously, city-scale studies have suggested that deposition to vegetation can make a very modest improvement (<5%) to urban air quality. However, few studies take full account of the interplay between urban form and vegetation, specifically the enhanced residence time of air in street canyons. This study shows that increasing deposition by the planting of vegetation in street canyons can reduce street-level concentrations in those canyons by as much as 40% for NO(2) and 60% for PM. Substantial street-level air quality improvements can be gained through action at the scale of a single street canyon or across city-sized areas of canyons. Moreover, vegetation will continue to offer benefits in the reduction of pollution even if the traffic source is removed from city centers. Thus, judicious use of vegetation can create an efficient urban pollutant filter, yielding rapid and sustained improvements in street-level air quality in dense urban areas.","n","duplicate","MEDLINE","Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"deposition of NO2 and PM by planting of vegetation",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T433,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T433,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,1]
["Frattaroli, S.; McDonald, E. M.; Tran, N. T.; Trump, A. R.; O'Brocki, R. C., 3rd; Gielen, A. C.",2012,"Igniting interest in prevention: using firefighter focus groups to inform implementation and enhancement of an urban canvassing program","CONTEXT: Smoke alarm canvassing is recognized as an empirically based, effective intervention for increasing access to and the presence of smoke alarms in homes.; OBJECTIVES: We sought to inform the implementation of an intervention designed to enhance an existing fire department smoke alarm canvassing program through an empirically grounded, participatory process.; DESIGN: We conducted a series of focus groups with fire union leaders and firefighters involved with the canvassing program in 1 US city, shared the results with the participants, and presented the resulting recommendations to fire department leadership.; SETTING: This research occurred in Baltimore, Maryland.; PARTICIPANTS: Focus group participants included firefighters who participate in the Fire Department's smoke alarm canvassing program and representatives from the local firefighters' union.; MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The focus groups sought to capture firefighters' experiences with and opinions about the canvassing program and how to improve it as well as challenges to canvassing work.; RESULTS: We conducted 10 focus groups with 65 participants. Firefighters' perspectives on the canvassing program and their recommendations for improving it were expressed through 3 categories of themes concerning program management, canvassing challenges, and attitudes about the program and the community. We also discuss the process of presenting these findings and recommendations to the participants and the fire department leadership, and describe how implementation of some of the recommendations has progressed.; CONCLUSIONS: Both the process and outcomes of this formative work inform how to develop and implement community-based public health interventions in real-world settings through academic-community partnerships. The findings also have implications for how canvassing programs are being implemented.","y","Journal of Public Health Management & Practice","MEDLINE","Journal Article","fire",1,44,2,"canvassing to increase presence of smoke alarms in homes",2,"firefighters focus groups",0,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T434,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T434,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Chen, L.; Chen, C.; Srinivasan, R.; McKnight, C. E.; Ewing, R.; Roe, M.",2012,"Evaluating the safety effects of bicycle lanes in New York City","OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effects of on-street bicycle lanes installed prior to 2007 on different categories of crashes (total crashes, bicyclist crashes, pedestrian crashes, multiple-vehicle crashes, and injurious or fatal crashes) occurring on roadway segments and at intersections in New York City.; METHODS: We used generalized estimating equation methodology to compare changes in police-reported crashes in a treatment group and a comparison group before and after installation of bicycle lanes. Our study approach allowed us to control confounding factors, such as built environment characteristics, that cannot typically be controlled when a comparison group is used.; RESULTS: Installation of bicycle lanes did not lead to an increase in crashes, despite the probable increase in the number of bicyclists. The most likely explanations for the lack of increase in crashes are reduced vehicular speeds and fewer conflicts between vehicles and bicyclists after installation of these lanes.; CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that characteristics of the built environment have a direct impact on crashes and that they should thus be controlled in studies evaluating traffic countermeasures such as bicycle lanes. To prevent crashes at intersections, we recommend installation of \"bike boxes\" and markings that indicate the path of bicycle lanes across intersections.","y","American Journal of Public Health","MEDLINE","Journal Article","traffic injuries",1,44,2,"bicycle lanes",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T435,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T435,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Dumanovsky, T.; Huang, C. Y.; Nonas, C. A.; Matte, T. D.; Bassett, M. T.; Silver, L. D.",2011,"Changes in energy content of lunchtime purchases from fast food restaurants after introduction of calorie labelling: cross sectional customer surveys","OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of fast food restaurants adding calorie labelling to menu items on the energy content of individual purchases.; DESIGN: Cross sectional surveys in spring 2007 and spring 2009 (one year before and nine months after full implementation of regulation requiring chain restaurants' menus to contain details of the energy content of all menu items). Setting 168 randomly selected locations of the top 11 fast food chains in New York City during lunchtime hours.; PARTICIPANTS: 7309 adult customers interviewed in 2007 and 8489 in 2009.; MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Energy content of individual purchases, based on customers' register receipts and on calorie information provided for all items in menus.; RESULTS: For the full sample, mean calories purchased did not change from before to after regulation (828 v 846 kcal, P = 0.22), though a modest decrease was shown in a regression model adjusted for restaurant chain, poverty level for the store location, sex of customers, type of purchase, and inflation adjusted cost (847 v 827 kcal, P = 0.01). Three major chains, which accounted for 42% of customers surveyed, showed significant reductions in mean energy per purchase (McDonald's 829 v 785 kcal, P = 0.02; Au Bon Pain 555 v 475 kcal, P<0.001; KFC 927 v 868 kcal, P<0.01), while mean energy content increased for one chain (Subway 749 v 882 kcal, P<0.001). In the 2009 survey, 15% (1288/8489) of customers reported using the calorie information, and these customers purchased 106 fewer kilocalories than customers who did not see or use the calorie information (757 v 863 kcal, P<0.001).; CONCLUSION: Although no overall decline in calories purchased was observed for the full sample, several major chains saw significant reductions. After regulation, one in six lunchtime customers used the calorie information provided, and these customers made lower calorie choices.","y","BMJ","MEDLINE","Journal Article","obesity",1,28,2,"Calorie Labelling",2,"regulation",4,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T436,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T436,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Bernell, B.",2010,"The history and impact of the New York City menu labeling law","As a result of the recent federal health care legislation, all restaurants in the United States that are part of a chain with twenty or more locations serving substantially the same menu items will be required to post the calorie information of the food they serve directly on menus and menu boards. This development represents the culmination of a regulatory initiative to combat the growth of obesity that only began in 2006 with the decision by the New York City Board of Health to require calorie posting in New York City chain restaurants. That initiative, Regulation 81.50, was the first of its kind in the United States; and yet, less than four years later, the idea has become a national standard. This paper tracks the history of New York City's landmark regulation, detailing the drafting of the law, the initial legal victory for the restaurant association challenging it, and the ultimate triumph of the City in winning legal validation of its calorie posting mandate. In doing so, this paper will also use the New York City regulation as a launching point to discuss the rationale behind menu labeling, to examine the potential legal pitfalls of menu labeling laws, to track the development of the initiative from New York City to a national standard, and finally, to evaluate the preliminary data on whether or not menu labeling is actually effective in achieving its ultimate goal: changing consumer eating habits and reducing obesity.","y","Food & Drug Law Journal","MEDLINE","Journal Article","obesity",1,28,2,"Calorie Labelling",2,"regulation",4,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T437,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T437,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Centers for Disease, Control; Prevention",2010,"Effects of switching from whole to low-fat/fat-free milk in public schools - New York city, 2004-2009","In 2005, the New York City (NYC) Department of Education (DOE) began reviewing its public school food policies to determine whether changes could help address the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in NYC. DOE determined that reducing consumption of whole milk and increasing consumption of fat-free or low-fat milk could help decrease students' fat and calorie intake while maintaining calcium consumption. However, milk industry advocates and others expressed concern that phasing out whole milk might decrease overall student demand for milk. Nevertheless, during 2005-2006, DOE removed whole milk from cafeterias in all public schools serving the city's approximately 1.1 million schoolchildren. To assess the effects of the switch on milk consumption, the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) analyzed system-wide school milk purchasing data. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that DOE school milk purchases per student per year increased 1.3% in fiscal year 2009 compared with 2004 purchases. By removing whole milk and switching from low-fat to fat-free chocolate milk, NYC public school milk-drinking students were served an estimated 5,960 fewer calories and 619 fewer grams of fat in 2009 than they were in 2004. Other school systems can use these results to guide changes to their own school food policies.","y","MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report","MEDLINE","Journal Article","obesity",1,28,2,"switched from whole fat to low/fat-free milk in public schools",2,"policy",1,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T438,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T438,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Elbel, B.; Kersh, R.; Brescoll, V. L.; Dixon, L. B.",2009,"Calorie labeling and food choices: a first look at the effects on low-income people in New York City","We examined the influence of menu calorie labels on fast food choices in the wake of New York City's labeling mandate. Receipts and survey responses were collected from 1,156 adults at fast-food restaurants in low-income, minority New York communities. These were compared to a sample in Newark, New Jersey, a city that had not introduced menu labeling. We found that 27.7 percent who saw calorie labeling in New York said the information influenced their choices. However, we did not detect a change in calories purchased after the introduction of calorie labeling. We encourage more research on menu labeling and greater attention to evaluating and implementing other obesity-related policies.","y","Health Affairs","MEDLINE","Journal Article","obesity",1,28,2,"calorie labelling on menus",2,"policy",1,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T439,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T439,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Kelly, F. J.; Kelly, J.; H. E. I. London Consortium",2009,"London air quality: a real world experiment in progress","London currently has the highest nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration recorded for any European city and for particulate matter (PM) it has some of the worst hot spots. Therefore overall, for these two pollutants, London is the worst in the UK and amongst the worst in Europe. Exposure to elevated concentrations of air pollutants such as PM and NO2 has well-established heath effects and most countries now have strict guidelines for air quality. London's air quality problems are driven largely by traffic. This, along with the high density of people in an urban area results in air quality guidelines being exceeded on a regular basis and large numbers of people being affected. In an attempt to combat London's air quality problems the mayor of London introduced a series of measures to decrease traffic emissions. These included both a restriction on the number of vehicles entering central London each day--the Congestions Charging Scheme (CCS), and the discouragement of the most polluting heavy goods vehicles from entering--the London Low Emission Zone (LEZ). Together, it is hoped that these measures will lead to an improvement in air quality and provide a direct health benefit to Londoners. Research underway is charting the progress of this real world experiment. [References: 26]","n","Biomarkers","MEDLINE","Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"congestion charging and low emission zone",2,"not stated",0,0,1,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T440,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T440,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Findley, S. E.; Irigoyen, M.; Sanchez, M.; Stockwell, M. S.; Mejia, M.; Guzman, L.; Ferreira, R.; Pena, O.; Chen, S.; Andres-Martinez, R.",2008,"Effectiveness of a community coalition for improving child vaccination rates in New York City","We used a retrospective, matching, birth cohort design to evaluate a comprehensive, coalition-led childhood immunization program of outreach, education, and reminders in a Latino, urban community. After we controlled for Latino ethnicity and Medicaid, we found that children enrolled in the program were 53% more likely to be up-to-date (adjusted odds ratio = 1.53; 95% confidence interval = 1.33, 1.75) and to receive timely immunizations than were children in the control group (t = 3.91). The coalition-led, community-based immunization program was effective in improving on-time childhood immunization coverage.","y","American Journal of Public Health","MEDLINE","Journal Article","increasing vaccination rates",2,42,2,"comprehensive immunization program",7,"coalition",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T441,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T441,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Kaplan, D. L.; Graff, K. M.",2008,"Marketing breastfeeding--reversing corporate influence on infant feeding practices.","Breast milk is the gold standard for infant nutrition and the only necessary food for the first 6 months of an infant's life. Infant formula is deficient and inferior to breast milk in meeting infants' nutritional needs. The infant formula industry has contributed to low rates of breastfeeding through various methods of marketing and advertising infant formula. Today, in New York City, although the majority of mothers initiate breastfeeding (approximately 85%), a minority of infants is breastfed exclusively at 8 weeks postpartum (approximately 25%). The article reviews the practices of the formula industry and the impact of these practices. It then presents the strategic approach taken by the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and its partners to change hospital practices and educate health care providers and the public on the benefits of breast milk, and provides lessons learned from these efforts to make breastfeeding the normative and usual method of infant feeding in New York City.","y","Journal of Urban Health","MEDLINE","Journal Article","incerasing breastfeeding",1,14,2,"approch to change hospital practices and education",0,"DoMHH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T442,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T442,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Lopez, R.; Campbell, R.; Jennings, J.",2008,"The Boston schoolyard initiative: a public-private partnership for rebuilding urban play spaces","The Boston Schoolyard Initiative (BSI) is a policy effort to rebuild school yards in Boston through innovative citywide public-private partnerships. At the center of the initiative is a commitment to engage multiple stakeholders and utilize a bottom-up planning process to encourage meaningful change. Based on a case study of BSI, this article develops a framework to understand and analyze how different school and neighborhood sectors can partner to benefit neighborhood communities and utilize the built environment to encourage more active living and active learning. The article contributes to a literature that focuses on the effects of school yards and the role of physically active environments on learning. It expands on this literature by looking at the school-yard initiative as a way to build and expand relationships between teachers, parents, and the community at large. Finally, the study shows that even older schools in inner-city neighborhoods, previously considered blights, can be turned into community, educational, and political assets.","y","Journal of Health Politics, Policy & Law","MEDLINE","Journal Article","physcial activity",1,29,2,"Boston Schoolyard Initative (BSI) to rebuild healthier school years",2,"policy and public & private partnership",1,2,0,"Boston",23,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T443,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"boston"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T443,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaboston",1,1,0]
["Shannon, J. J.; Catrambone, C. D.; Coover, L.",2007,"Targeting improvements in asthma morbidity in Chicago: a 10-year retrospective of community action","Chicago has been described as \"asthma ground zero\" due to its disproportionately high rates of asthma-related hospitalization and mortality. Asthma prevalence rates in Chicago are higher for whites and African Americans than the national average. In an effort to address the asthma burden and disparities in Chicago, multiple initiatives throughout the city have been launched and continue due largely to the support of the Otho S.A. Sprague Memorial Institute. The purpose of this article is to describe the policy, advocacy, educational, surveillance, research, quality improvement, community, and consortia activities over the past 10 years and their impact on asthma morbidity and disparities in Chicago.","y","Chest","MEDLINE","Journal Article","Asthma",1,5,2,"multiple initiatives",7,"multiple approaches",2,0,0,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T444,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T444,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",1,1,0]
["Weiss, K. B.",2007,"Eliminating asthma disparities: introduction to the Chicago story","The problem of inner-city asthma, as studied in Chicago, IL, is introduced. Chicago has a high incidence of asthma, but prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates vary by neighborhood and are highest in neighborhoods with the lowest socioeconomic status. Efforts in Chicago to mitigate these gaps have been extraordinary, but data suggest that there are challenges to improvement in removing disparities.","y","Chest","MEDLINE","Journal Article","asthma",1,5,2,"multiple initiatives",7,"multiple approaches",2,0,0,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T445,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T445,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",1,1,0]
["Biener, L.; Garrett, C. A.; Skeer, M.; Siegel, M.; Connolly, G.",2007,"The effects on smokers of Boston's smoke-free bar ordinance: a longitudinal analysis of changes in compliance, patronage, policy support, and smoking at home","OBJECTIVE: We prospectively examined effects of the implementation of a smoking ban in bars on Boston, Massachusetts, smokers.; METHODS: A representative sample of Massachusetts smokers was interviewed before and after the smoking ban was implemented in Boston. Participants were adult smokers living in Boston (n = 83) and in 203 other Massachusetts cities and towns that did not adopt smoking bans in bars prior to July 2004 (n = 903). The outcome measures were changes in reports of smoking in bars, frequency of bar patronage, support for smoke-free bars, smoking at home, and exposure to secondhand smoke at home based on town of residence.; RESULTS: Compared to changes over the same time period among smokers in towns where smoking in bars was permitted, smokers in Boston were significantly less likely to observe smoking and less likely to decrease their bar patronage after the smoking ban was implemented. Changes in support for smoke-free bars, smoking patterns at home, and exposure to secondhand smoke at home did not differ between the groups.; CONCLUSION: Expectations about noncompliance, declines in patronage, and displacement of smoking to the home as a consequence of extending smoking restrictions to bars are not supported by the data.","y","Journal of Public Health Management & Practice","MEDLINE","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"ban smoking ban in bars",2,"regulation",4,0,0,"boston",23,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T446,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"boston"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T446,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaboston",1,1,1]
["Udeagu, C. C.; Dorsinville, M. S.; Munsiff, S. S.; Vilnyanskaya, Y.; Wang, I.",2007,"Evaluation of case management in tuberculosis control: a three-year effort to improve case management practices in New York City","OBJECTIVE: To describe a 3-year effort to identify factors associated with lapses in case management (CM) and to improve CM practices by New York City Bureau of Tuberculosis Control (BTBC) staff.; DESIGN: Evaluation of the CM of TB cases reported in the second quarter of 2003 and comparison of results with the findings of a similar review conducted in 2002. Implementation of strategies to target areas in need of improvement and identification of interventions that contribute to improved work practices.; RESULTS: From 2002 to 2003, significant improvements were found in some CM indicators, such as patient education about the importance of directly observed therapy (32% vs. 74%), importance of monthly follow-up (24% vs. 51%) and potential for development of drug resistance (36% vs. 61%). Informing patients about the availability of services provided by the BTBC also improved (16% vs. 59%); however, timeliness and documentation of CM activities and implementation of supervisory activities remained poor. Supervisors largely attributed this lack of improvement to poor documentation of work actually performed.; CONCLUSIONS: These evaluations identified lapses in CM practices and program supervision. The findings were used to adjust protocols, target interventions, and focus education and training to improve work practices.","y","International Journal of Tuberculosis & Lung Disease","MEDLINE","Journal Article","TB care",2,34,1,"QI in case management of TB care",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T447,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T447,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Centers for Disease, Control; Prevention",2007,"Decline in smoking prevalence--New York City, 2002-2006","In 2002, after a decade with no decrease in smoking prevalence, New York City began implementation of a five-point tobacco-control program consisting of increased taxation in 2002, establishment of smoke-free workplaces in 2003, public and health-care--provider education, cessation services, and rigorous evaluation, including annual cross-sectional, citywide telephone surveys using the same measures as CDC's state-based Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). During 2002-2004, estimated adult smoking prevalence decreased from 21.5% to 18.4%, representing nearly 200,000 fewer smokers. However, in 2005, no change in adult smoking prevalence occurred, either among New York City residents overall or among demographic subpopulations. In 2006, to further reduce smoking in New York City, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) implemented an extensive, television-based anti-tobacco media campaign using graphic imagery of the health effects of smoking; the campaign aired simultaneously with a large New York state anti-tobacco media campaign. This report describes the two campaigns and analyzes citywide survey data before and after the campaigns. In 2006, during the first year of the media campaigns, adult smoking prevalence decreased significantly among men (11.6% decrease) and among Hispanics (15.2% decrease). These findings confirm the importance of comprehensive tobacco-control programs and suggest that this intensive, broad-based media campaign has reduced smoking prevalence among certain subgroups.","y","MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report","MEDLINE","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"comprehensive smoking reduction programme",7,"comprehenisve DoHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T448,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T448,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Paolo, W. F., Jr.; Nosanchuk, J. D.",2004,"Tuberculosis in New York city: recent lessons and a look ahead","In the late 1980s and early 1990s, after decades of decline, the incidence of tuberculosis began to rise in New York city, reaching a peak of 3811 cases by 1992. The epidemic took root in a setting of inadequate treatment regimens, homelessness, a diminished public-health system, and the onset of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In addition, a subepidemic of drug-resistant tuberculosis occurred throughout New York city, most notably in a series of well documented nosocomial outbreaks. By 1994, using broadened initial treatment regimens, directly observed therapy, and improved US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for hospital control and disease prevention, New York city began to effectively halt the progression of the epidemic. By 2002, tuberculosis rates in New York city reached an historic low of 1084. However, given the presence of a large reservoir of latently infected individuals in the city and an ongoing tuberculosis pandemic, New York city continues to face significant challenges from this persistent pathogen. [References: 64]","y","The Lancet Infectious Diseases","MEDLINE","Journal Article","TB",2,34,1,"various initiatives",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T449,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T449,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Reilly, J. J.; Chin, B.; Berkowitz, J.; Weedon, J.; Avitable, M.",2004,"Use of a state-wide administrative database in assessing a regional trauma system: the New York City experience","BACKGROUND: A successful regional trauma care system should concentrate severely injured patients within trauma centers, and should improve severity-adjusted outcomes. We compared injured patients' outcomes in New York City's level 1 trauma centers and nontrauma centers.; STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed 1998-2000 New York Statewide Planning and Cooperative Research System (SPARCS) data for 103,725 adult discharges from 70 New York City hospitals (15 level I trauma centers), using ICD-9CM codes 800-950. Their 227 DRG's were aggregated into 7 clinical injury classes. A severity index was extracted from each refined DRG, and deaths, age, and gender were analyzed. Regression analysis predicted death from age, gender, severity index, and trauma center discharge, with separate analyses of the three largest clinical classes, and estimated excess mortality because of trauma center discharge.; RESULTS: Level 1 trauma centers discharged 48.2% of injured patients, with higher mean annual discharges per hospital (1,046 discharges per TC vs. 437 per NTC, p < 0.001). Trauma centers discharged more than half the central nervous system, general/gastrointestinal, cardiothoracic, and vascular injuries. Trauma center patients were 12.5 years younger than NTC patients (p < 0.0005), and were disproportionately men (64.7% TC vs. 47.2% NTC, p < 0.0005). For the entire patient cohort, and for central nervous system, orthopaedic and general/gastrointestinal injuries, severity, age, and gender adjusted mortality risk was significantly greater at trauma centers than nontrauma centers.; CONCLUSIONS: New York City's trauma system concentrates injured patients in trauma centers on the basis of injury class rather than severity, but does not produce improved adjusted mortality outcomes for injured patients.","y","Journal of the American College of Surgeons","MEDLINE","Journal Article","Trauma Care",2,23,2,"Regional Trauma System",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T450,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T450,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Coffin, P. O.; Ahern, J.; Dorris, S.; Stevenson, L.; Fuller, C.; Vlahov, D.",2002,"More pharmacists in high-risk neighborhoods of New York City support selling syringes to injection drug users","OBJECTIVE: To document changes in pharmacists' opinions and practices from the time of passage to implementation of a law permitting selling syringes without a prescription (the Expanded Syringe Access Demonstration Program [ESAP]).; DESIGN: Two cross-sectional randomized telephone surveys.; SETTING: High-risk neighborhoods of New York City.; SUBJECTS: Pharmacists.; MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Support for selling syringes without a prescription to injection drug users (IDUs).; RESULTS: We completed 130 surveys at baseline (BL) in August 2000, from neighborhoods with high numbers of injection-related acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases and 231 surveys at law change (LC) in January 2001. To correct for differences in sampling, we limited the analysis to pharmacies in ZIP Codes represented in both samples and weighted results to adjust for the median income level of those postal codes. From BL (n = 83) to LC (n = 84), law awareness increased (43% to 90%, P < .001), as did personal support for selling syringes without a prescription to IDUs (36% to 63%, P < .001). From BL to LC, a larger proportion of supporters believed that selling syringes was an important part of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and would help decrease HIV transmission, and a smaller proportion was concerned about customer discomfort and increased drug use. A total of 40% of respondents were ESAP registered at LC but registration was not associated with support for selling syringes to IDUs.; CONCLUSIONS: Support for ESAP among pharmacists increased in high-risk neighborhoods as the program was implemented. The finding that some pharmacists were ESAP registered but did not support selling syringes to IDUs and others were supportive, but not ESAP registered, may have program implications.","y","Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association","MEDLINE","Journal Article","infection from sharing needles",2,41,1,"law to allow pharmacists to sell syringes without a prescription",3,"law",4,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T451,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T451,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Lopez, W.",2002,"City public health law",null,"y","Journal of Urban Health","MEDLINE","Journal Article","public health",1,0,2,"public health law",0,"not stated",4,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T452,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T452,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Scott, C. K.; Sherman, R. E.; Foss, M. A.; Godley, M.; Hristova, L.",2002,"Impact of centralized intake on case management services","The Chicago Target Cities demonstration project was designed to improve the effectiveness and accessibility of substance abuse treatment in large metropolitan areas. The primary interventions included centralized intake (CIU), comprehensive standardized assessment procedures, and management of a centralized wait list. A part of this project, the effectiveness of a case management model implemented through the CIU, was tested. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions, case management (CM) or no case management (No-CM). The primary objectives of the CIU case management model were to improve the show rate to treatment, provide referrals to ancillary services, and to support treatment completion. Participants in both groups could also receive other support services provided by staff for the treatment agencies. CM participants were significantly more likely to show to treatment (78.9%) than No-CM participants (71.8%). Case management was found to primarily improve the show rates for younger participants, who without CM were significantly less likely to show for treatment than older participants. CM participants were significantly more likely to receive referrals to non substance abuse treatment services than No-CM participants, although the number of referrals was low in both conditions. No differences were found in the amount or length of substance abuse treatment services received by participants in the two conditions.","y","Journal of Psychoactive Drugs","MEDLINE","Journal Article","QI substance abuse treatment services",2,13,2,"Centralised Intake and case management",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T453,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T453,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",1,1,1]
["Scott, C. K.; Foss, M. A.",2002,"Impact of centralized intake on drug and alcohol treatment placement decisions","The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) and others have asserted that matching persons to an appropriate level of care will result in more positive and cost-effective treatment outcomes. The Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, through its Target Cities demonstration project, proposed the implementation of centralized intake and the use of comprehensive standardized assessment procedures as mechanisms for improving the treatment process. As part of Chicago Target Cities, it was decided to implement ASAM criteria at the central intake units (CIU). A comprehensive assessment instrument was developed, assessors were trained, and decision protocols were designed to facilitate the implementation. This article examines the impact of these interventions on the placement decision process. The placement decisions of the assessors employed by individual treatment agencies before implementation of the CIU were compared to the placement decision process of the CIU assessors. The role of patient preferences, the information assessors used to make placement decisions, and the willingness of assessors to make the clinical judgments indicated by ASAM PPC-2 were examined. Results indicate that the CIU assessors' final treatment recommendations were more similar to what they thought was best for the patient, and less related to patient preference than those made by assessors at the individual treatment agencies. The CIU assessors also used a wider range of information when making their placement decisions than did the Pre-CIU assessors. Finally, the CIU assessors were more willing to rate patients on ASAM criteria than were the Pre-CIU assessors. Implementation of the ASAM PPC-2 at the CIUs produced the expected differences in the placement decision processes at the CIU from those observed at the treatment agencies. The results indicate that the implementation of ASAM PPC-2 is both feasible and produces expected changes in the placement decision process.","y","Journal of Psychoactive Drugs","MEDLINE","Journal Article","QI substance abuse treatment services",2,13,2,"Centralised Intake and case management",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T454,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T454,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},{"$f":"+V454&U454","v":"USAchicago"},1,1,1]
["Stead, L.; Whiteside, T.",1999,"Evaluation of a new EMS asthma protocol in New York City: a preliminary report","BACKGROUND: In July 1996, the New York City (NYC) regional EMS implemented a new protocol whereby EMS personnel in the prehospital setting could administer 125 mg of intravenous methyl prednisolone to asthma patients as one of their medical options following telephone consultation with a medical control physician.; OBJECTIVE: To determine whether this protocol had any effect on hospital admission rates or the emergency department (ED) length of stay.; METHODS: This retrospective chart review focused on the 219 (of 603 total) patients who arrived to the ED by ambulance over a two-year period whose ED diagnosis was asthma. There were 81 patient encounters in year 1, and 138 in year 2. Eleven of the year 2 group received prehospital steroids. The study took place at an urban 911 receiving, Level 2 ED.; RESULTS: Of the group who received prehospital steroids, none resulted in hospital admission. Due to the small sample size in the steroid-receiving group, the differences in these admission rates are not yet significant. No differences were detected in the ED length of stay between the two patient groups (157 vs. 160 minutes in year 2, p = 0.9).; CONCLUSION: The differences in admission rates suggested by this study suggest a simple yet potentially powerful tool for improving patient outcome in the treatment of asthma.","y","Prehospital Emergency Care","MEDLINE","Journal Article","Asthma Care",2,5,2,"prehospital emergency protocol to allow administer of drugs",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T455,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T455,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Rosenberg, K. D.; McMurtrie, C.; Kerker, B. D.; Na, Y.; Graham, E. H.",1998,"Breast-feeding initiation in New York City, 1979 to 1996","OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore changes in breast-feeding initiation from 1979 to 1996 among infants born in New York City hospitals.; METHODS: All New York City hospitals were surveyed every 2 years. Hospital staff reported feeding method at newborn discharge.; RESULTS: New York City breast-feeding initiation rates increased consistently from 1979 to 1996 (from 29% to 58%, P < .0001), including 1984 to 1990, when rates decreased nationally.; CONCLUSIONS: A 1984 New York State regulation requiring each hospital to designate a lactation coordinator may have been associated with the continuing increases in breast-feeding initiation.","y","American Journal of Public Health","MEDLINE","Journal Article","breast feeding rates",2,14,2,"regulation on all hospitals to have a breast feeding coordinator ",3,"regulation",4,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T456,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T456,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Stricof, R. L.; DiFerdinando, G. T., Jr.; Osten, W. M.; Novick, L. F.",1998,"Tuberculosis control in New York City hospitals","OBJECTIVES: To assess the implementation of tuberculosis (TB) control measures in New York City hospitals in 1992 and determine trends during the subsequent 2 years.; METHODS: The 22 acute care facilities with the largest number of hospitalized TB patients in 1991 were selected for inclusion in the study. Medical and laboratory records of the 10 most recent acid fast bacilli (AFB) smear-positive patients in each of the selected facilities in 1992, 1993, and 1994 were reviewed by using a standardized questionnaire to determine risk factors for TB, previous history of TB, clinical signs and symptoms, AFB laboratory turnaround times, emergency department contact, timing of isolation, timing of treatment, case reporting, and status on discharge. The patients' rooms were evaluated for TB environmental control measures if the patient was still on respiratory isolation precautions.; RESULTS: More than one third of patients were admitted with a previous history of TB, 31% were admitted with a cavitary lesion on chest x-ray examination, and 48% were known to have HIV infection. Eighty-five percent were admitted from the emergency department where they stayed for up to 116 hours (mean stay: 17 hours). The proportion of patients placed in AFB isolation on admission to the floor increased from 75% in 1992 to 84% in 1994. The proportion of patients given a minimum of four anti-TB drugs increased from 88% in 1992 to 94% in 1994. Patients \"on isolation\" were sharing rooms with up to nine other patients in 1992, whereas no patients were sharing rooms in the 1994 survey. In 1992, 51% of the rooms were under negative air flow with respect to the corridor. During the 1994 survey, 80% of rooms were under negative air flow. Between 1992 and 1994, the proportion of AFB isolation rooms with dust/mist respirators increased from 28% to 76% (p < 0.00001). Approximately 25% of discharged patients left against medical advice (no trend over time). The proportion of medically discharged patients with three negative AFB smears before discharge increased from 26% to 48% (p = 0.03) and the proportion referred for directly observed therapy increased from 15% to 53% (p = 0.00001).; CONCLUSION: TB control efforts in New York City hospitals improved dramatically between 1992 and 1994. The ultimate control of TB will continue to depend on the coordinated efforts within and between health care facilities, providers, and the community.","y","American Journal of Infection Control","MEDLINE","Journal Article","TB Control and Care",2,34,1,"implemented TB control measures in hospitals",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T457,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T457,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Kochems, L. M.; Paone, D.; Des Jarlais, D. C.; Ness, I.; Clark, J.; Friedman, S. R.",1996,"The transition from underground to legal syringe exchange: the New York City experience","The most common method of syringe exchange program (SEP) development in the United States has been for SEPs to be started by activists without funding and then to become a government-funded community-based organization. This developmental process, which has not been studied to date, involves major organizational change. We report our findings on three New York City syringe exchanges experiencing this type of transition. Our data illustrate that following legalization, increased legitimacy and funding allowed all three SEPs to expand the size and scope of their programs (e.g., adding hours, sites, referral services, and the ability to support user groups), resulting in a rapid growth in participation (over 15,000 in 18 months). Regulation accompanying legalization posed significant challenges to SEPs, including added record-keeping and reporting tasks, increased demand for referrals, and accommodating evaluation, which affected already overburdened staffs. The transition process poses significant challenges to these developing organizations as well as opportunities for improved services.","y","AIDS Education & Prevention","MEDLINE","Journal Article","infection from sharing needles",2,41,1,"syringe exchange programs",3,"community activists to government funded organisation",4,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T458,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T458,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["McEvoy, M.; Maguire, H.",1995,"Tuberculosis in London: a review, and an account of the work of the London Consultants in Communicable Disease Control Group Working Party","Tuberculosis (TB) has been recorded in London for centuries but reports have declined over the last 100 years, with a 10-fold decrease between 1948 and 1987. However, from 1987-1993 notifications of TB in London rose by 34%, compared with 15% nationally. This rise, together with concerns about undernotification and the emergence of multi-drug resistance in New York, led to establishment of a London Consultants in Communicable Disease Control Working Party on TB to review current surveillance data. Notifications to the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys from the London Boroughs declined by approximately 6.5% per year from 1982-1987. If this had continued until 1993 there would have been 3579 fewer notifications than actually received. The proportion of cases in the 15-44 age group rose markedly in males. The proportion of notifications in those aged 65 and above was higher in the Thames Regions outside London, where the total TB notifications declined by 3.5% over the same period. Recommendations were made to improve TB surveillance in London; and a city-wide surveillance function was established in 1994 to collate and monitor data on TB. [References: 23]","y","Journal of Hospital Infection","MEDLINE","Journal Article","TB",1,34,1,"TB Consultants Working Group to improve surveillance and reporting",4,"collaboration",2,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T459,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T459,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,1]
["Jarman, B.; Bosanquet, N.",1992,"Primary health care in London--changes since the Acheson report","OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in primary care in London in the 11 years since the Acheson report on primary health care in inner London.; DESIGN: Analysis of key data from the family health services authority performance indicators and from the Department of Health; study of trends since the time of the Acheson report; examination of the provision of primary care in 1990-1 and its relation to health and social factors.; SETTING: Comparisons between the family health services authorities of inner London, outer London, and England as a whole, with a special study of Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester.; SUBJECTS: The family health services authorities of England.; RESULTS: There has been an improvement in the provision of primary care in inner London as judged by the criteria of the Acheson report, but these improvements have occurred only as part of an overall improvement in the provision of primary care in the country as a whole. None of the recommendations of the Acheson report specifically oriented to London have been implemented. There are some worrying trends in inner London, such as the increasing proportion of practices with more than 2500 patients. The problems faced by practitioners in inner London resemble those in other large inner city areas, but the primary care provision to deal with them is relatively poor.","y","BMJ","MEDLINE","Journal Article","quality of primary care",2,38,2,"assess the impact of the Acheson report of primary care in London",3,"policy",3,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T460,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T460,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Henning, K. J.; Pollack, D. M.; Friedman, S. M.",1992,"A neonatal hepatitis B surveillance and vaccination program: New York City, 1987 to 1988","From July 1987 to June 1988, 1030 pregnant women with hepatitis B were reported to a New York City surveillance program. Among 832 infants under follow-up, the coverage rates for combined hepatitis B immune globulin and vaccine doses 1, 2, and 3 were 84%, 77%, and 59%, respectively. Infants covered by Medicaid and uninsured Black and Hispanic infants were significantly less likely to be completely vaccinated. An estimated 160 cases of chronic hepatitis B infection were prevented among infants enrolled in the program. Strategies are needed to improve vaccine coverage among hard-to-reach groups.","y","American Journal of Public Health","MEDLINE","Journal Article","Improvements to vaccination rates for hepatititis B",2,41,1,"neonatal hepatitis B surveillance and vaccination program",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T461,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T461,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Myers, W. A., Jr.",1991,"Cancer prevention initiatives in New York City","Promoting cancer prevention for the African-American community nationally, and especially in New York City, is a formidable task. The City's lack of adequate information resources is a hindrance. Moreover, in areas where poor African-Americans predominate, women place their own health concerns at a low priority. As a result, introduction of breast and cervical cancer detection education efforts must be viewed as only part of the solution. Health care awareness programs must not only reach the specific locality, but those people must have improved and continuous access to clinical services.","y","Statistical Bulletin - Metropolitan Insurance Companies","MEDLINE","Journal Article","cancer",1,22,2,"cancer prevention initiatives",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T462,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T462,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Haldeman, J. C.",1967,"'Medical service centers' envisioned in plan for modernizing New York City hospitals",null,"y","Hospitals","MEDLINE","Journal Article","medical care",2,40,2,"medical service centres",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T463,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T463,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Fortmann, S. P.; Winkleby, M. A.; Flora, J. A.; Haskell, W. L.; Taylor, C. B.",1990,"Effect of long-term community health education on blood pressure and hypertension control: The Stanford Five-City Project","The Stanford Five-City Project was initiated in 1978 to evaluate the effects of a community-wide health education program on cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure. Two treatment cities received an education program, which used the mass media, various community-based programs, and health professionals, designed to encourage individuals to learn their blood pressure levels, stay in the care of a physician if hypertensive, achieve ideal weight, exercise regularly, and reduce dietary sodium. Physicians were encouraged to follow national hypertension treatment guidelines and were provided with a range of patient education materials. To evaluate the effect of the intervention on cardiovascular risk factors, four independent cross-sectional surveys of randomly selected households and four repeated surveys of a cohort were conducted in both treatment cities and in two of the three control cities. After 5-1/3 years of intervention, blood pressure in the treatment cities exhibited an overall decline of 7.4 and 5.5 mmHg systolic and 5.0 and 3.7 mmHg diastolic in the cohort and independent surveys, respectively. These declines produced net changes between the treatment and control cities ranging from -1.1 to -3.8 mmHg. While the magnitude of these changes is not large, the results are significant from a public health perspective because they reflect changes in the overall community. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","cardiovascular risk factors",1,26,2,"community health education program",1,"stanford five city program",11,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T464,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T464,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,2]
["Taylor, C. B.; Fortmann, S. P.; Flora, J.; Kayman, S.; Barrett, D. C.; Jatulis, D.; Farquhar, J. W.",1991,"Effect of long-term community health education on body mass index. The Stanford Five-City Project","Being overweight is a risk factor for cardiovascular heart disease and other medical problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a community-wide cardiovascular risk reduction trial (the Stanford Five-City Project) on body mass index. In the Stanford Five-City Project, two treatment cities (n = 122,800) received a 6-year mass media and community organization cardiovascular risk reduction intervention. Changes in the treatment cities were compared with two control cities (n = 197,500) for changes in knowledge of risk factors, blood pressure, plasma cholesterol level, smoking rate, body mass index, and resting pulse rate after 5-1/3 years of the education program. Both cohort and cross-sectional (independent) samples were used in the study. In the independent surveys, subjects in the treatment communities gained significantly less weight than subjects in the control communities (0.57 kg compared with 1.25 kg) over 6 years. In the cohort, there were no significant overall differences. The study provides some evidence that a community health education program may help reduce weight gain over time, but more effective methods must be developed if this important risk factor is to be favorably affected in broad populations.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","cardiovascular risk factors",1,26,2,"6 year mass media and community organisation cardiovascular risk reduction program",1,"stanford five city program",11,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T465,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T465,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Young, D. R.; Haskell, W. L.; Taylor, C. B.; Fortmann, S. P.",1996,"Effect of community health education on physical activity knowledge, attitudes, and behavior: The Stanford Five-City Project","The authors studied the effectiveness of community-wide health education on physical activity knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior. Random samples of residents aged 18-74 years who lived in four central California cities (baseline, n = 1,056 men and 1,183 women) were evaluated in 1979-1980 and approximately every 2 years thereafter to obtain four independent samples. Moreover, every subject in the initial independent samples was asked to return for follow-up every 2 years thereafter; subjects who completed all four examinations constituted the cohort sample (n = 408 men and 499 women). Two medium-sized cities received health education and two similarly sized cities served as controls. Results indicated little consistent evidence of a treatment effect on physical activity knowledge, attitudes, or self-efficacy in either men or women. Among physical activity measures, there was an indication of a positive treatment effect for men in the independent samples for estimated daily energy expenditure and percent participation in vigorous activities (p < 0.01), and for women in the independent (p = 0.014) and cohort (p < 0.01) samples for engagement in the number of moderate activities. These results underscore the need for development of more effective interventions to change physical activity than is provided by a broad-based, community-wide health education program and for more sensitive and reliable measures of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior with regard to physical activity. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","cardiovascular risk factors",1,26,2,"community wide health education on physical activity",1,"stanford five city program",11,0,0,"2 central California cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T466,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T466,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,3]
["Budd, N.; Cuccia, A.; Jeffries, J. K.; Prasad, D.; Frick, K. D.; Powell, L.; Katz, F. A.; Gittelsohn, J.",2015,"B'More Healthy: Retail Rewards--design of a multi-level communications and pricing intervention to improve the food environment in Baltimore City","BACKGROUND: Low-income black residents of Baltimore City have disproportionately higher rates of obesity and chronic disease than other Maryland residents. Increasing the availability and affordability of healthy food are key strategies to improve the food environment and can lead to healthier diets. This paper describes B'More Healthy: Retail Rewards (BHRR), an intervention that tests the effectiveness of performance-based pricing discounts and health communications, separately and combined, on healthy food purchasing and consumption among low-income small store customers. METHODS/DESIGN: BHRR is 2x2 factorial design randomized controlled trial. Fifteen regular customers recruited from each of 24 participating corner stores in Baltimore City were enrolled. Food stores were randomized to 1) pricing intervention, 2) communications intervention, 3) combined intervention, or 4) control. Pricing stores were given a 10-30% price discount on selected healthier food items, such as fresh fruits, frozen vegetables, and baked chips, at the point of purchase from two food wholesale stores during the 6-month trial. Storeowners agreed to pass on the discount to the consumer to increase demand for healthy food. Communications stores received visual and interactive materials to promote healthy items, including signage, taste tests, and refrigerators. Primary outcome measures include consumer food purchasing and associated psychosocial variables. Secondary outcome measures include consumer food consumption, store sales, and associated storeowner psychosocial factors. Process evaluation was monitored throughout the trial at wholesaler, small store, and consumer levels. DISCUSSION: This is the first study to test the impact of performance-based pricing and communications incentives in small food stores, an innovative strategy to encourage local wholesalers and storeowners to share responsibility in creating a healthier food supply by stocking, promoting, and reducing costs of healthier foods in their stores. Local food wholesalers were involved in a top-down, participatory approach to develop and implement an effective and sustainable program. This study will provide evidence on the effectiveness of price incentives and health communications, separately and combined, among a low-income urban U.S. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02279849 (2/18/2014).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","food environment",1,50,2,"B'More Healthy - a multi-level communication and pricing intevention",2,"not stated",6,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T467,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T467,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Pumtong, S.; Boardman, H. F.; Anderson, C. W.",2011,"A multi-method evaluation of the Pharmacy First Minor Ailments scheme","OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the Pharmacy First Minor Ailments scheme achieved its objectives in terms of improving access to medicines and reducing doctor workload for minor ailments by enhancing the role of community pharmacists in the management of minor ailments. SETTING: Nottingham, the United Kingdom. METHODS: A mixed-methods study was conducted, including semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, a patient survey, and an analysis of the Nottingham City Primary Care Trust data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Stakeholders' acceptability of the scheme and scheme users' satisfaction with the scheme. RESULTS: Most health care professionals were positive about the implementation of the scheme, although they reported some problems, such as the restricted formulary. The majority of stakeholders perceived benefits of the scheme for both patients and health care professionals. The level of patient satisfaction with the scheme was high, particularly in terms of ease of access and convenience. The current structure of the scheme appears to be an acceptable way to run the scheme. Since its commencement the scheme has enabled the transfer of a substantial number of minor ailments consultations from general practices to community pharmacies. CONCLUSION: It appears that the Nottingham City Primary Care Trust is successful using community pharmacies to improve access to medicines and provide a greater choice in primary care for patients with minor ailments. Thus, the Primary Care Trust should continue the scheme, although there are some important issues (e.g. the restricted formulary, the lack of privacy in some pharmacies) that need to be addressed to improve and develop the service further. The Nottingham City Primary Care Trust should build on this success to further utilise the pharmacy in their primary care service development.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","improve access to medicines and reduce doctor workload",2,38,2,"pharmacy first minor ailments scheme - enhancing the role of pharmacists in management of minor ailments",3,"commissioning",6,0,0,"Nottingham",148,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T468,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nottingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T468,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandNottingham",3,3,1]
["Wang, H. E.; Lee, M.; Hart, A.; Summers, A. C.; Anderson Steeves, E.; Gittelsohn, J.",2013,"Process evaluation of Healthy Bodies, Healthy Souls: a church-based health intervention program in Baltimore City","Soaring obesity rates in the United States demand comprehensive health intervention strategies that simultaneously address dietary patterns, physical activity, psychosocial factors and the food environment. Healthy Bodies, Healthy Souls (HBHS) is a church-based, community-participatory, cluster-randomized health intervention trial conducted in Baltimore City to reduce diabetes risk among urban African Americans by promoting healthy dietary intake, increased physical activity and improvement to the church food environment. HBHS was organized into five 3-8-week phases: Healthy Beverages, Healthy Desserts, Healthy Cooking, Healthy Snacking and Eating Out and Physical Activity. A three-part process evaluation was adopted to evaluate implementation success: an in-church instrument to assess the reach, dose delivered and fidelity of interactive sessions; a post-intervention exposure survey to assess individual-level dose received in a sample of congregants and an evaluation form to assess the church food environment. Print materials were implemented with moderate to high fidelity and high dose. Program reach was low, which may reflect inaccuracies in church attendance rather than study implementation issues. Intervention components with the greatest dose received were giveaways (42.0-61.7%), followed by taste tests (48.7-53.7%) and posters (34.3-65.0%). The dose received of general program information was moderate to high. The results indicate successful implementation of the HBHS program.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diabetes risk",1,9,2,"Healthy Bodies, Healthy Souls: a church based health intervention to promote healthy diet, increase physcial activity and improve food in church",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T469,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T469,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Sznitman, S.; Vanable, P. A.; Carey, M. P.; Hennessy, M.; Brown, L. K.; Valois, R. F.; Stanton, B. F.; Salazar, L. F.; Diclemente, R.; Farber, N.; Romer, D.",2011,"Using culturally sensitive media messages to reduce HIV-associated sexual behavior in high-risk African American adolescents: results from a randomized trial","PURPOSE: To test the long-term effects of a mass media intervention that used culturally and developmentally appropriate messages to enhance human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-preventive beliefs and behavior of high-risk African American adolescents. METHODS: Television and radio messages were delivered for more than 3 years in two cities (Syracuse, NY; and Macon, GA) that were randomly selected within each of the two regionally matched city pairs, with the other cities (Providence, RI; and Columbia, SC) serving as controls. African American adolescents, aged 14-17 years (N = 1,710), recruited in the four cities over a 16-month period, completed audio computer-assisted self-interviews at recruitment and again at 3, 6, 12, and 18-months postrecruitment to assess the long-term effects of the media program. To identify the unique effects of the media intervention, youth who completed at least one follow-up and who did not test positive for any of the three sexually transmitted infections at recruitment or at 6-and 12-month follow-up were retained for analysis (N = 1,346). RESULTS: The media intervention reached virtually all the adolescents in the trial and produced a range of effects including improved normative condom-use negotiation expectancies and increased sex refusal self-efficacy. Most importantly, older adolescents (aged 16-17 years) exposed to the media program showed a less risky age trajectory of unprotected sex than those in the nonmedia cities. CONCLUSION: Culturally tailored mass media messages that are delivered consistently over time have the potential to reach a large audience of high-risk adolescents, to support changes in HIV-preventive beliefs, and to reduce HIV-associated risk behaviors among older youth.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,"3 year culturally sensitive media messaging to reduce HIV associated behaviour",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"2 Cities: Syracuse, NY; and Macon, GA",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T470,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T470,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Drake, R. E.; Becker, D. R.; Biesanz, J. C.; Torrey, W. C.; McHugo, G. J.; Wyzik, P. F.",1994,"Rehabilitative day treatment vs. supported employment: I. Vocational outcomes","Day treatment remains a core component in many community mental health programs for persons with severe mental disorders throughout the United States. Many other mental health centers are moving away from day treatment toward psychosocial and vocational rehabilitation programs. Empirical research directly comparing these two systems of organizing outpatient services is needed. In this study the authors compared a rehabilitative day treatment program in one small city with a similar program in a nearby city that changed from day treatment to a supported employment model. Clients who were enrolled in community support services during a baseline year prior to the change and during a follow-up year after the change (71 in the program that changed and 112 in the other) were evaluated during both intervals. In the program that changed, competitive employment improved from 25.4% to 39.4% for all clients, and from 33.3% to 55.6% for those clients who had been regular attenders of day treatment during the baseline. Hours worked and wages earned similarly improved after the program change. For all work variables, clients who had not worked during the baseline year accounted for the improvements in outcome. Meanwhile, employment remained stable in the day treatment program. No negative outcomes were detected. These results indicate that eliminating day treatment and replacing it with a supported employment program can improve integration into competitive jobs in the community.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health and employemnt of those with severe mental health disorders",1,25,2,"supported employment service model to replace traditional day treatment centre for severe mental health disorders",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"small city (not named)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T471,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T471,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Saleh, M. A.; al-Ghamdi, Y. S.; al-Yahia, O. A.; Shaqran, T. M.; Mosa, A. R.",1999,"Impact of health education program on knowledge about AIDS and HIV transmission in students of secondary schools in Buraidah city, Saudi Arabia: an exploratory study","BACKGROUND: Accurate information about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important for their prevention. OBJECTIVES: This study is intended to assess knowledge on AIDS in students of secondary schools in Buraidah City and to measure the effect of a health education program on their knowledge about AIDS in general, modes of HIV transmission and the degree of their misperception about the transmission of the disease through casual contact. METHODOLOGY: A well-designed health education program using personal communication and visual media techniques was conducted for 483 secondary school students in Buraidah secondary schools during the year 1997. Pre- and post-tests were done to examine their knowledge about AIDS. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The results of this study pointed out that a health education program on AIDS for students of secondary schools greatly and significantly improved their scores on general knowledge on AIDS views on its transmission and misperception of AIDS (p < 0.01). Continuous in-ice programs for secondary students are recommended.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","AIDS / HIV prevention",1,2,1,"AIDS / HIV education program for secondary school children",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Buraidah city, Saudi Arabia",30,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T472,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Buraydah"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T472,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"saudi arabia"},"saudi arabiaBuraydah",49,4,1]
["Duan, Y.; Zhang, H.; Wang, J.; Wei, S.; Yu, F.; She, M.",2013,"Community-based peer intervention to reduce HIV risk among men who have sex with men in Sichuan province, China","This study evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based peer intervention to reduce HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Sichuan province, China. The intervention was based on the Popular Opinion Leader framework, in which respected MSM peer leaders attempted to change MSM community norms related to sexual behavior and HIV risk. The intervention was conducted in a metropolitan city, with a matched city in the same province serving as a comparison. We conducted a baseline survey of HIV risk behaviors with 200 MSM per city, provided the intervention for 12 months in the treatment city, and conducted a post-treatment survey of an independent sample of 200 MSM per city. In the intervention city at post-treatment, we observed reduced unprotected anal intercourse during the last 3 sex episodes with a primary male partner (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.17-0.57), reduced anal intercourse during the last 3 sex episodes with male casual or commercial partners (AOR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.07-0.35), increased condom use during last sex episode with a primary male partner (AOR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.86-5.98), and increased condom use during last sex episode with male casual or commercial partners (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.07-13.41). In the control city at post-treatment, we observed decreased condom use with male casual or commercial partners (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.15-0.99). Findings suggest that a community-based intervention involving popular opinion leaders can decrease sexual risk behavior among MSM in China.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV prevention",1,2,1,"community based peer intervention ",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"city (not named) in Sichuan province, China",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T473,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T473,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",5,4,1]
["Reger, B.; Wootan, M. G.; Booth-Butterfield, S.",1999,"Using mass media to promote healthy eating: A community-based demonstration project","BACKGROUND: Many question whether mass media, in the absence of other programming, can produce significant and sustained behavior change. METHODS: The 1% Or Less campaign in Wheeling, West Virginia (population 35,000), used paid advertising and public relations to encourage members of one community to switch from whole or 2% milk (high-fat milk) to 1% or fat-free milk (low-fat milk). The study used a quasi-experimental research design with one intervention city and one comparison city. The effectiveness of the campaign was evaluated by collecting milk sales data from supermarkets and conducting pre- and post-intervention telephone surveys in intervention and comparison cities. RESULTS: In the intervention city, low-fat milk sales increased from 29% of overall milk sales before the campaign to 46% of sales in the month following the campaign. The increase was maintained at the 6-month follow up. According to the telephone surveys, 34.1% of high-fat-milk drinkers reported switching to low-fat milk in the intervention community compared with 3.6% in the comparison community (z = 13.1, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A media-only approach was sufficient to encourage a significant proportion of the people in one community to alter the dietary habit targeted by the intervention.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"1% or less mass media campaign to promote healthy eating",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Wheeling (West Virginia (pop 35k)",230,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T474,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Wheeling"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T474,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaWheeling",1,1,1]
["Huang, H.; Ye, X.; Cai, Y.; Shen, L.; Xu, G.; Shi, R.; Jin, X.",2008,"Study on peer-led school-based HIV/AIDS prevention among youths in a medium-sized city in China","HIV/AIDS epidemic is crucial in China; however, few studies were performed on youths. This study was performed to examine the effectiveness of peer-led HIV prevention intervention on HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour intention in senior high-school students in San-ming, a medium-sized city in Fujian province. Three thousand and sixty-eight students completed self-administered questionnaires before and after intervention, of which 981 students (the intervention group) accepted peer-led HIV/AIDS prevention intervention and others (the control groups) continued the usual teacher-led health education curriculum. Significant increases were observed in the intervention group in HIV-related knowledge, in attitudes and in behaviour intention after intervention. The results of this research also indicated an inconsistent level of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude among students, with a significant gender, health education history and style difference in session delivery. More concerted efforts in HIV prevention are needed to improve young people's sexual health.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV/AIDS prevention",1,2,1,"peer led HIV prevention in senior high-school students",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"San-ming (Fujian Province.  China)",184,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T475,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sanming"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T475,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaSanming",5,4,1]
["Williams, C. L.; Arnold, C. B.",1980,"Teaching children self-care for chronic disease prevention: obesity reduction and smoking prevention","A general health education program was developed for 1,252 students in six New York city area school districts. The purpose of the three-year project was to reduce the prevalence of risk factors associated with increased cardiovascular and cancer risk in adults. The curriculum included nutrition, antitobacco, and hypertension-control materials. A smaller, experimental intensive health behavior program was also developed for obese children (weight greater than or equal to 120% ideal for height, age, and sex). A smoking prevention program was offered to children with the aim of discouraging new smokers. Findings show that: 1) such a school-based primary disease prevention program is feasible and highly acceptable; and 2) reduction of obesity and new cigarette smoking occurred with intensive intervention involving small groups of students. On the other hand, a general health education itself had little effect in the total population in reducing the incidence of extreme clinical values (such as physical inactivity, high blood pressure, as well as smoking and obesity) for their age and sex. It is recommended that future programs for higher risk children concentrate on behavioral change rather than on general education.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","cardiovascular and cancer risks",1,50,2,"3 year general health education program and smaller obese and smoking focused programs",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T476,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T476,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Freudenberg, N.; Ramaswamy, M.; Daniels, J.; Crum, M.; Ompad, D. C.; Vlahov, D.",2010,"Reducing drug use, human immunodeficiency virus risk, and recidivism among young men leaving jail: evaluation of the REAL MEN re-entry program","PURPOSE: This study assesses the impact of REAL MEN (Returning Educated African-American and Latino Men to Enriched Neighborhoods), an intervention designed to reduce drug use, risky sexual behavior and criminal activity among 16-18-year-old males leaving New York City jails. METHODS: Participants (N = 552) were recruited in city jails and randomly assigned to receive an intensive 30-hour jail/community-based intervention or a single jail-based discharge planning session. All participants were also referred to optional services at a community-based organization (CBO). One year after release from jail, 397 (72%) participants completed a follow-up interview. Logistic and ordinary least squares regression was used to evaluate the impact of the intervention on drug use, risky sexual behavior, criminal justice involvement, and school/work involvement post release. RESULTS: Assignment to REAL MEN and, independently, use of CBO services, significantly reduced the odds of substance dependence (odds ratio [OR] = .52, p ? .05; OR = .41, p ? .05, respectively) 1 year after release. Those assigned to the intervention spent 29 fewer days in jail compared with the comparison group (p ? .05). Compared to non-CBO visitors, those who visited the CBO were more likely to have attended school or found work in the year after release (OR = 2.02, p ? .01). CONCLUSIONS: Jail and community services reduced drug dependence 1 year after release and the number of days spent in jail after the index arrest. While these findings suggest that multifaceted interventions can improve outcomes for young men leaving jail, rates of drug use, risky sexual behavior, and recidivism remained high for all participants after release from jail, suggesting the need for additional policy and programmatic interventions.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","drug use, HIV risk and recidivism",1,13,2,"intervention to reduce drug use, risky sexual behaviour and criminal activity",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T477,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T477,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Sharma, R.; Hebbal, M.; Ankola, A. V.; Murugabupathy, V.",2011,"Mobile-phone text messaging (SMS) for providing oral health education to mothers of preschool children in Belgaum City","We compared the effectiveness of two media (text messages and pamphlets) in imparting health education to mothers of preschool children. Mothers and their children were randomized into two groups. There were 72 mothers and their children in the pamphlet group and 71 in the text message group. The mothers were given health education by one of the two modes for four weeks. Knowledge, attitude and practices of the mothers were assessed by a questionnaire pre- and post-intervention. Visible plaque scores of their children were also recorded pre- and post-intervention. There were significant improvements in knowledge (P < 0.001), attitude (P < 0.001) and practices (P < 0.001) in both groups. There was also a significant reduction in visible plaque scores (P < 0.001) in both groups. Text messaging was more effective than pamphlets in improving knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers, but the comparative reduction in plaque score between groups was not significant. Text messaging appears to be an effective means of imparting oral health education.","y",null,null,"Book","Oral health of ",1,27,2,"Oral health education through text message and pamplet for  mothers of preschool children ",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Belguim City (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T478,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T478,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",11,3,1]
["Duncan, M.; Vandelanotte, C.; Kolt, G. S.; Rosenkranz, R. R.; Caperchione, C. M.; George, E. S.; Ding, H.; Hooker, C.; Karunanithi, M.; Maeder, A. J.; Noakes, M.; Tague, R.; Taylor, P.; Viljoen, P.; Mummery, W. K.",2014,"Effectiveness of a web- and mobile phone-based intervention to promote physical activity and healthy eating in middle-aged males: randomized controlled trial of the ManUp study","BACKGROUND: The high number of adult males engaging in low levels of physical activity and poor dietary practices, and the health risks posed by these behaviors, necessitate broad-reaching intervention strategies. Information technology (IT)-based (Web and mobile phone) interventions can be accessed by large numbers of people, yet there are few reported IT-based interventions targeting males' physical activity and dietary practices. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the effectiveness of a 9-month IT-based intervention (ManUp) to improve the physical activity, dietary behaviors, and health literacy in middle-aged males compared to a print-based intervention. METHODS: Participants, recruited offline (eg, newspaper ads), were randomized into either an IT-based or print-based intervention arm on a 2:1 basis in favor of the fully automated IT-based arm. Participants were adult males aged 35-54 years living in 2 regional cities in Queensland, Australia, who could access the Internet, owned a mobile phone, and were able to increase their activity level. The intervention, ManUp, was based on social cognitive and self-regulation theories and specifically designed to target males. Educational materials were provided and self-monitoring of physical activity and nutrition behaviors was promoted. Intervention content was the same in both intervention arms; only the delivery mode differed. Content could be accessed throughout the 9-month study period. Participants' physical activity, dietary behaviors, and health literacy were measured using online surveys at baseline, 3 months, and 9 months. RESULTS: A total of 301 participants completed baseline assessments, 205 in the IT-based arm and 96 in the print-based arm. A total of 124 participants completed all 3 assessments. There were no significant between-group differences in physical activity and dietary behaviors (P?.05). Participants reported an increased number of minutes and sessions of physical activity at 3 months (exp(?)=1.45, 95% CI 1.09-1.95; exp(?)=1.61, 95% CI 1.17-2.22) and 9 months (exp(?)=1.55, 95% CI 1.14-2.10; exp(?)=1.51, 95% CI 1.15-2.00). Overall dietary behaviors improved at 3 months (exp(?)=1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11) and 9 months (exp(?)=1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.13). The proportion of participants in both groups eating higher-fiber bread and low-fat milk increased at 3 months (exp(?)=2.25, 95% CI 1.29-3.92; exp(?)=1.65, 95% CI 1.07-2.55). Participants in the IT-based arm were less likely to report that 30 minutes of physical activity per day improves health (exp(?)=0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.90) and more likely to report that vigorous intensity physical activity 3 times per week is essential (exp(?)=1.70, 95% CI 1.02-2.82). The average number of log-ins to the IT platform at 3 and 9 months was 6.99 (SE 0.86) and 9.22 (SE 1.47), respectively. The average number of self-monitoring entries at 3 and 9 months was 16.69 (SE 2.38) and 22.51 (SE 3.79), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The ManUp intervention was effective in improving physical activity and dietary behaviors in middle-aged males with no significant differences between IT- and print-based delivery modes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12611000081910; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12611000081910 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6QHIWad63).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","low levels of physcial activity and poor diet in middle aged males",1,29,2,"Man Up' - A web and mobile phone intervention",1,"digital / text",0,0,0,"2 regional cities (not named) in queensland (australia)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T479,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T479,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",9,5,1]
["Peñalvo, J. L.; Sotos-Prieto, M.; Santos-Beneit, G.; Pocock, S.; Redondo, J.; Fuster, V.",2013,"The Program SI! intervention for enhancing a healthy lifestyle in preschoolers: first results from a cluster randomized trial","BACKGROUND: Unhealthy lifestyles contribute to the development of cardiovascular risk factors, whose incidence is increasing among children and adolescents. The Program SI! is a long-term, multi-target behavioral intervention to promote healthy lifestyle habits in children through the school environment. The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of this intervention in its first phase, preschoolers. METHODS: Cluster-randomized controlled trial in public schools in the city of Madrid, Spain. A total 24 schools, including 2062 children (3-5 years), 1949 families, and 125 teachers participated in the study. Schools were assigned to their usual school curriculum or to engage in an additional multi-component intervention (Program SI!). The primary outcome of this trial is 1-school year changes from baseline in scores for children's knowledge, attitudes and habits (KAH). Secondary outcomes are 1-school year changes from baseline in scores for knowledge, attitudes, and habits among parents, teachers, and the school environment. RESULTS: After 1-school year, our results indicate that the Program SI! intervention increases children's KAH scores, both overall (3.45, 95% CI, 1.84-5.05) and component-specific (Diet: 0.93, 95% CI, 0.12-1.75; Physical activity: 1.93, 95% CI, 1.17-2.69; Human body: 0.65, 95% CI, 0.07-1.24) score. CONCLUSIONS: The Program SI! is demonstrated as an effective and feasible strategy for increasing knowledge and improving lifestyle attitudes and habits among very young children. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01579708, Evaluation of the Program SI! for Preschool Education: A School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial (Preschool-SI!).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","unhealthy lifestyles",1,50,2,"The Program SI behavioural intervention to promote healthy lifestyle habits in children in the school environment",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Madrid",123,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T480,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Madrid"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T480,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainMadrid",4,3,1]
["Aburto, N. J.; Fulton, J. E.; Safdie, M.; Duque, T.; Bonvecchio, A.; Rivera, J. A.",2011,"Effect of a school-based intervention on physical activity: cluster-randomized trial","PURPOSE: Physical activity in childhood has many health benefits; however, the majority of children in many countries, including Mexico, are insufficiently active. The objective of this investigation was to test the effect of a school-based environmental intervention on the physical activity and physical fitness of students attending public primary schools in Mexico City. METHODS: Twenty-seven schools were randomly assigned to basic or plus intervention or control. The basic and plus groups were exposed to school environment and policy changes to enhance physical activity. Physical activity was evaluated in 699 randomly selected fourth- and fifth-grade students by measuring school-day and all-day (24 h) steps using pedometers worn for 5 d before and after the 6-month intervention. Physical fitness was assessed by measuring the 9-min run, flexibility, and sit-ups. We calculated the average change in school-day and all-day steps and fitness measures from baseline to follow-up. Using linear regression, we tested the effect of intervention on change controlling for baseline measures and covariates and accounting for the design effect of school. Using logistic regression, we tested the effect of intervention on reaching step cutoffs at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS: The plus group significantly (P < 0.05) increased school-day steps relative to control (change = 687 vs -639). Significantly (P < 0.05) more participants in the basic (25.8%) and plus (36.4%) groups reached step cutoffs during school relative to control (12.0%). The basic group significantly (P < 0.05) increased all-day steps relative to control (change = 581 vs -419). The plus group significantly (P = 0.05) increased sit-ups relative to control (change = 0.3 vs -1.7). CONCLUSIONS: A school-based environmental intervention improved student physical activity during school in public schools in Mexico City.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","increase physical activity of children",1,29,2,"school based environmental intervention",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Mexico City",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T481,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T481,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,2,1]
["Luepker, R. V.; Raczynski, J. M.; Osganian, S.; Goldberg, R. J.; Finnegan, J. R.; Hedges, J. R.; Goff, D. C.; Eisenberg, M. S.; Zapka, J. G.; Feldman, H. A.; Labarthe, D. R.; McGovern, P. G.; Cornell, C. E.; Proschan, M. A.; Simons-Morton, D. G.",2000,"Effect of a community intervention on patient delay and emergency medical service use in acute coronary heart disease: The Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment (REACT) Trial","CONTEXT: Delayed access to medical care in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is common and increases myocardial damage and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a community intervention to reduce patient delay from symptom onset to hospital presentation and increase emergency medical service (EMS) use. DESIGN AND SETTING: The Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment Trial, a randomized trial conducted from 1995 to 1997 in 20 US cities (10 matched pairs; population range, 55,777-238,912) in 10 states. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 59,944 adults aged 30 years or older presenting to hospital emergency departments (EDs) with chest pain, of whom 20,364 met the primary population criteria of suspected acute coronary heart disease on admission and were discharged with a coronary heart disease-related diagnosis. INTERVENTION: One city in each pair was randomly assigned to an 18-month intervention that targeted mass media, community organizations, and professional, public, and patient education to increase appropriate patient actions for AMI symptoms (primary population, n=10,563). The other city in each pair was randomly assigned to reference status (primary population, n=9801). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time from symptom onset to ED arrival and EMS use, compared between intervention and reference city pairs. RESULTS: General population surveys provided evidence of increased public awareness and knowledge of program messages. Patient delay from symptom onset to hospital arrival at baseline (median, 140 minutes) was identical in the intervention and reference communities. Delay time decreased in intervention communities by -4.7% per year (95% confidence interval [CI], -8.6% to -0.6%), but the change did not differ significantly from that observed in reference communities (-6. 8% per year; 95% CI, -14.5% to 1.6%; P=.54). EMS use by the primary study population increased significantly in intervention communities compared with reference communities, with a net effect of 20% (95% CI, 7%-34%; P<.005). Total numbers of ED presentations for chest pain and patients with chest pain discharged from the ED, as well as EMS use among patients with chest pain released from the ED, did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, despite an 18-month intervention, time from symptom onset to hospital arrival for patients with chest pain did not change differentially between groups, although increased appropriate EMS use occurred in intervention communities. New strategies are needed if delay time from symptom onset to hospital presentation is to be decreased further in patients with suspected AMI. JAMA. 2000;284:60-67","y",null,null,"Journal Article","delayed access to emergency medical care",2,26,2,"community intervention to reduce delay",3,"service reform",3,0,0," 20 US cities (10 matched pairs; population range, 55,777-238,912) in 10 states",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T482,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T482,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Campos, P. E.; Buffardi, A. L.; Carcamo, C. P.; Garcia, P. J.; Buendia, C.; Chiappe, M.; Garnett, G. P.; Xet-Mull, A. M.; Holmes, K. K.",2013,"Reaching the unreachable: Providing STI control services to female sex workers via mobile team outreach","Background: As part of a community-randomized trial of a multicomponent intervention to prevent sexually transmitted infections, we created Mobile Teams (MTs) in ten intervention cities across Peru to improve outreach to female sex workers (FSW) for strengthened STI prevention services. Methods: Throughout 20 two-month cycles, MTs provided counseling; condoms; screening and specific treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and vaginal Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections; and periodic presumptive metronidazole treatment for vaginal infections. Results: MTs had 48,207 separate encounters with 24,814 FSW; numbers of sex work venues and of FSW reached increased steadily over several cycles. Approximately 50% of FSW reached per cycle were new. Reported condom use with last client increased from 73% to 93%. Presumptive metronidazole treatment was accepted 83% of times offered. Over 38 months, CT prevalence declined from 154% to 82%, and TV prevalence from 73% to 26%. Among participants in >9 cycles, CT prevalence decreased from 129% to 60% (p<0001); TV from 46% to 15% (p<0001); and NG from 08% to 04% (p=007). Conclusions: Mobile outreach to FSW reached many FSW not utilizing government clinics. Self-reported condom use substantially increased; CT and TV prevalences declined significantly. The community-randomized trial, reported separately, demonstrated significantly greater reductions in composite prevalence of CT, NG, TV, or high-titer syphilis serology in FSW in these ten intervention cities than in ten matched control cities. 2013 Campos et al.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","sexually transmitted infections",1,47,2,"mobile outreach teams to promote prevention of sexually transmitted infections",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"10 cities in Peru",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T483,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T483,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",45,2,1]
["Economos, C. D.; Hyatt, R. R.; Must, A.; Goldberg, J. P.; Kuder, J.; Naumova, E. N.; Collins, J. J.; Nelson, M. E.",2013,"Shape Up Somerville two-year results: A community-based environmental change intervention sustains weight reduction in children","Objective: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that community-based environmental change intervention prevents undesirable weight gain in children. Method: The method used in this study was a two-year, non-randomized, controlled trial (2003-2005) using community-based participatory methodology in three diverse cities in Massachusetts: one intervention and two socio-demographically-matched control communities (pooled for analysis). Children (n=1028), with a mean age=7.61. +. 1.04. years participated. Interventions were made to improve energy balance by increasing physical activity options and availability of healthful foods (Year 1). To firmly secure sustainability, the study team supported policies and shifted intervention work to community members (Year 2). Results: Change in body mass index z-score (BMIz) was assessed by multiple regression, accounting for clustering within communities and adjusting for baseline covariates. Sex-specific overweight/obesity prevalence, incidence and remission were assessed. Over the two-year period, BMIz of children in the intervention community decreased by 0.06 [p=0.005, 95% confidence interval: 0.08 to 0.04] compared to controls. Prevalence of overweight/obesity decreased in males (OR=0.61, p=0.01) and females (OR=0.78, p=0.01) and remission increased in males (OR 3.18, p=0.03) and females (OR 1.93, p=0.03) in intervention compared to controls. Conclusion: Results demonstrate promise for preventing childhood obesity using a sustainable multi-level community-based model and reinforce the need for wide-reaching environmental and policy interventions. 2013.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"community based environmental change",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Somerville Massachusetts:",192,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T484,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Somerville"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T484,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSomerville",1,1,2]
["Althaus, D.; Niklewski, G.; Schmidtke, A.; Hegerl, U.",2007,"Changes in the frequency of suicidal behaviour after a 2-year intervention campaign","BACKGROUND: Insufficient treatment of depression is one of the most important causes of suicide. The Nuremberg Alliance against Depression (funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research) tried to improve the quality of care for patients suffering from depression. This multilevel programme focussed on close cooperation with general practitioners, a public relation campaign about depression, involvement of other professional groups, and reinforcement of self-help activities. METHODS: The project was realised in the city of Nuremberg, Germany in 2001-2002. Changes in the frequency of suicidal acts (successful and attempted suicides) compared to a baseline (2000) and a control region (Wuerzburg, Germany) were prospectively defined as the main outcome criterion. RESULTS: The frequency of suicidal acts decreased significantly (-21.7%) compared to the control region. This reduction was mainly due to a lower rate of suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS: Many other regions in Germany and Europe followed the Nuremberg model project and have initiated regional alliances against depression.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","suicide",1,25,2,"city alliance of multilevel programme against depression",3,"collaboration and programme (national govn funded)",2,0,0,"Nuremberg",150,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T485,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nuremberg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T485,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyNuremberg",28,3,2]
["Hamilton, F. A.; Davis, K. E.; Blinkhorn, A. S.",1999,"An oral health promotion programme for nursing caries","AIM: To evaluate an oral health promotion programme involving health visitors and mothers of 8-month-old babies in order to address some of the risk factors associated with nursing caries. DESIGN: Two cross-sectional studies using postal questionnaires. SAMPLE: A random sample of 250 mothers who had not received the oral health promotion programme and 250 mothers who had received the programme. SETTING: The City of Salford. RESULTS: The oral health promotion programme significantly improved mothers recall of advice given by health visitors encouraging the use of a feeder cup, brushing their babies' teeth with fluoride toothpaste and restricting sugary foods and drinks. Significant improvements were also found in recall of advice regarding the use of sugar-free medicine and registering babies with a dentist. The programme encouraged a higher proportion of the mothers to bring their children to clinics for a hearing check. CONCLUSION: A simple oral health promotion programme facilitated by health visitors improved recall of advice and clinic visiting behaviour.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","oral health",1,27,2,"oral health promotion programme",1,"programme",0,0,0,"Salford",187,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T486,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Salford"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T486,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandSalford",3,3,1]
["Wechem, S. N.; Assema, P.; Brug, J.; Kistemaker, C.; Riedstra, M.; Hardeman, W.; Löwik, M. R.",1997,"Results of a community-based campaign to reduce fat intake","In 1992, a community-based 'Fat Watch' campaign was held in the city of Alkmaar in the Netherlands. The campaign was implemented within the framework of the nationwide mass-mediated 'Fat Watch' campaign (1991-1994), which aimed at a 10% reduction in fat intake among the general Dutch population. The intervention was carried out as a pilot project to study the effectiveness of strategies and activities, and to apply them subsequently in more cities. The campaign aimed primarily at the active involvement of intermediaries. Effects of the campaign were studied by telephone questionnaires among about 500 respondents, before and after the campaign in both the experimental and a control community. The questionnaire was based on the 'attitude, social influence, self-efficacy' (ASE) model. The results showed that 56% of the respondents were aware of a campaign in their community and that the campaign was positively evaluated by those familiar with it. After the campaign, self-rated fat consumption was significantly higher. No differences between the experimental and control community were found regarding attitude, social influence or self-efficacy expectations towards a reduction in fat consumption or intention to buy low-fat food products. However, as opposed to the control community, there was a significant decrease in actual fat consumption between pre- and post-test in Alkmaar. Furthermore, after the campaign, significantly more respondents in the experimental community intended to eat lower-fat food products and reported a behavioral change in the last six months. It was concluded that the campaign was quite successful as far as campaign awareness was concerned, but that it did not result in substantial change of behavior. The limited decrease in fat consumption observed should be interpreted with care.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","fat intake",1,28,2,"Fat Watch - campaing to reduce fat comsumption by 10%",1,"natioanl programme",8,0,0,"Alkmaar",3,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T487,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Alkmaar"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T487,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsAlkmaar",30,3,1]
["Safdie, M.; Lévesque, L.; González-Casanova, I.; Salvo, D.; Islas, A.; Hernández-Cordero, S.; Bonvecchio, A.; Rivera, J. A.",2013,"Promoting healthful diet and physical activity in the Mexican school system for the prevention of obesity in children","OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the rationale, design, and methods of a two-year randomized controlled trial conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an environmental intervention in 27 elementary schools in Mexico City. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were two units of analysis, school level addressing changes in elementary public part-time schools, and individual-level addressing behavioral changes in students 9 to 11 years of age. Two intensities of an intervention program were implemented (basic and plus), each containing two intervention components: physical activity and nutrition, supported by a communication/education component. Evaluation of the intervention was carried out during the school cycles 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. RESULTS: Primary outcomes were overweight and obesity prevalence and fitness; environmental and behavioural measures were also examined. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first institutional multilevel, multifactorial project, consistent with the best practices available in current literature, carried out in Mexico to prevent childhood obesity in schools.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"environmental intervention",2,"nnot stated",0,0,0,"mexico city",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T488,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T488,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,2,0]
["Mancuso, C. A.; Choi, T. N.; Westermann, H.; Wenderoth, S.; Wells, M. T.; Charlson, M. E.",2013,"Improvement in asthma quality of life in patients enrolled in a prospective study to increase lifestyle physical activity","Objective. Asthma patients know the benefits of exercise but often avoid physical activity because they are concerned that it will exacerbate asthma. The objective of this analysis was to assess longitudinal asthma status in 256 primary care patients in New York City enrolled in a trial to increase lifestyle physical activity. Methods. Patients were randomized to two protocols to increase physical activity during a period of 12 months. At enrollment, patients completed the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) and received asthma self-management instruction through an evaluative test and workbook. Exercise and self-management were reinforced every 2 months. The AQLQ was repeated every 4 months and the ACQ was repeated at 12 months. Results. The mean age was 43 years and 75% were women. At 12 months there were clinically important increases in physical activity with no differences between groups; thus, data were pooled for asthma analyses. The enrollment AQLQ score was 5.0 +/- 1.3 and increased to 5.9 +/- 1.1 corresponding to a clinically important difference. Correlations between AQLQ and physical activity were approximately 0.35 (p < .0001) at each time point. In a mixed effects model, the variables associated with improvement in AQLQ scores over time were male sex, less severe asthma, not taking asthma maintenance medications, fewer depressive symptoms, and increased physical activity (all variables, p < .03). According to the ACQ, asthma was well controlled in 38% at enrollment and in 60% at 12 months (p < .0001). Conclusion. With attention to self-management, increased physical activity did not compromise asthma control and was associated with improved asthma. 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","asthma",1,5,2,"programme to increase physical activity ",1,"programme",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T489,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T489,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Nahas, M. V.; Barros, M. V.; Assis, M. A.; Hallal, P. C.; Florindo, A. A.; Konrad, L.",2009,"Methods and participant characteristics of a randomized intervention to promote physical activity and healthy eating among brazilian high school students: the Saude na Boa project","BACKGROUND: A cross-cultural, randomized study was proposed to observe the effects of a school-based intervention designed to promote physical activity and healthy eating among high school students in 2 cities from different regions in Brazil: Recife and Florianopolis. The objective of this article is to describe the methodology and subjects enrolled in the project. METHODS: Ten schools from each region were matched and randomized into intervention and control conditions. A questionnaire and anthropometry were used to collect data in the first and last month of the 2006 school year. The sample (n=2155 at baseline; 55.7% females; 49.1% in the experimental group) included students 15 to 24 years, attending nighttime classes. The intervention focused on simple environmental/organizational changes, diet and physical activity education, and personnel training. RESULTS: The central aspects of the intervention have been implemented in all 10 intervention schools. Problems during the intervention included teachers' strikes in both sites and lack of involvement of the canteen owners in schools. CONCLUSIONS: The Saude na Boa study provides evidence that public high schools in Brazil represent an important environment for health promotion. Its design and simple measurements increase the chances of it being sustained and disseminated to similar schools in Brazil.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","physcial activity and healthy eating",1,50,2,"school based intervention to promote phuscial activity and healthy eating",0,"program",0,0,0,"Recife and Florianopolis (Brazil)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T490,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T490,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,2,0]
["Gittelsohn, J.; Anderson Steeves, E.; Mui, Y.; Kharmats, A. Y.; Hopkins, L. C.; Dennis, D.",2014,"B'More Healthy Communities for Kids: design of a multi-level intervention for obesity prevention for low-income African American children","BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity rates in the U.S. have reached epidemic proportions, and an urgent need remains to identify evidence-based strategies for prevention and treatment. Multi-level, multi-component interventions are needed due to the multi-factorial nature of obesity, and its proven links to both the social and built environment. However, there are huge gaps in the literature related to doing these kinds of interventions among low-income, urban, minority groups. METHODS: The B'More Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) intervention is a multi-level, multi-component intervention, targeting low-income African American youth ages 10-14 and their families in Baltimore, Maryland. This intervention prevents childhood obesity by working at multiple levels of the food and social environments to increase access to, demand for, and consumption of healthier foods. BHCK works to create systems-level change by partnering with city policy-makers, multiple levels of the food environment (wholesalers, corner stores, carryout restaurants), and the social environment (peers and families). In addition, extensive evaluation will be conducted at each level of the intervention to assess intervention effectiveness via both process and impact measures. DISCUSSION: This project is novel in multiple ways, including: the inclusion of stakeholders at multiple levels (policy, institutional, and at multiple levels of the food system); that it uses novel computational modeling methodologies to engage policy makers and guide informed decisions of intervention effectiveness; it emphasizes both the built environment (intervening with food sources) and the social environment (intervening with families and peers). The design of the intervention and the evaluation plan of the BHCK project are documented here. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02181010 (July 2, 2014).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"B'More Healthy Communities for Kids - multi-level multi component ",7,"comprehensive",0,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T491,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T491,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Wilson, A.; Parker, H.; Wynn, A.; Jagger, C.; Spiers, N.; Jones, J.; Parker, G.",1999,"Randomised controlled trial of effectiveness of Leicester hospital at home scheme compared with hospital care","OBJECTIVE: To compare effectiveness of patient care in hospital at home scheme with hospital care. DESIGN: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Leicester hospital at home scheme and the city's three acute hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: 199 consecutive patients referred to hospital at home by their general practitioner and assessed as being suitable for admission. Six of 102 patients randomised to hospital at home refused admission, as did 23 of 97 allocated to hospital. INTERVENTION: Hospital at home or hospital inpatient care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality and change in health status (Barthel index, sickness impact profile 68, EuroQol, Philadelphia geriatric morale scale) assessed at 2 weeks and 3 months after randomisation. The main process measures were service inputs, discharge destination, readmission rates, length of initial stay, and total days of care. RESULTS: Hospital at home group and hospital group showed no significant differences in health status (median scores on sickness impact profile 68 were 29 and 30 respectively at 2 weeks, and 24 and 26 at 3 months) or in dependency (Barthel scores 15 and 14 at 2 weeks and 16 for both groups at 3 months). At 3 months' follow up, 26 (25%) of hospital at home group had died compared with 30 (31%) of hospital group (relative risk 0. 82 (95% confidence interval 0.52 to 1.28)). Hospital at home group required fewer days of treatment than hospital group, both in terms of initial stay (median 8 days v 14.5 days, P=0.026) and total days of care at 3 months (median 9 days v 16 days, P=0.031). CONCLUSIONS: Hospital at home scheme delivered care as effectively as hospital, with no clinically important differences in health status. Hospital at home resulted in significantly shorter lengths of stay, which did not lead to a higher rate of subsequent admission.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Quality of hospital services",2,40,2,"Hospital at home service",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Leicester",111,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T492,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Leicester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T492,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLeicester",3,3,1]
["Llargues, E.; Franco, R.; Recasens, A.; Nadal, A.; Vila, M.; Pérez, M. J.; Manresa, J. M.; Recasens, I.; Salvador, G.; Serra, J.; Roure, E.; Castells, C.",2011,"Assessment of a school-based intervention in eating habits and physical activity in school children: the AVall study","BACKGROUND: Obesity has become a global public health problem, which also affects children. It has been proposed that the educational interventions during childhood could be a key strategy in the prevention of obesity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of an intervention on food habits and physical activity in school children. METHODS: A 2-year cluster-randomised prospective study with two parallel arms was used to evaluate an intervention programme in children in their first year of primary schooling (5-6 years of age) in schools in the city of Granollers. The intervention consisted of the promotion of healthy eating habits and physical activity by means of the educational methodology Investigation, Vision, Action and Change (IVAC). At the beginning and at the end of the study (2006 and 2008) the weight and height of each child was measured in situ, while the families were given a self-report physical activity questionnaire and the Krece Plus quick test. RESULTS: Two years after the beginning of the study, the body mass index of the children in the control group was 0.8 kg/m(2) higher than that of the intervention schools. The intervention reduced by 62% the prevalence of overweight children. Similarly, the proportion of children that ate a second piece of fruit and took part in an after-school physical activity increased in the intervention group. In the control group, the weekly consumption of fish was reduced. CONCLUSIONS: The educational intervention in healthy eating habits and physical activity in the school could contribute to lessen the current increase in child obesity.","n","duplicate",null,"Electronic Article","obesity",1,1,2,"educational intervention on food habits and physcial activity",1,"program",1,null,0,"Granollers",83,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T493,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Granollers"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T493,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainGranollers",4,3,1]
["Kain, J.; Leyton, B.; Cerda, R.; Vio, F.; Uauy, R.",2009,"Two-year controlled effectiveness trial of a school-based intervention to prevent obesity in Chilean children","Objective: Obesity prevalence among Chilean children is 19.4 %. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a school-based obesity prevention programme. Design: Non-randomized controlled study. The intervention included activities in nutrition and physical activity, fully applied the first year and partially in the second one. Primary outcomes were BMI Z-score (BMIZ) and obesity prevalence; secondary outcomes were waist circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. Time effects were assessed by changes in BMI-related variables by gender and period (ANOVA and Tukey test), while intervention effects were determined by comparing changes in (i) obesity prevalence by gender and period (PROC GENMOD) and (ii) BMIZ according gender, age and period (PROC MIXED). Setting: Primary schools in the Chilean cities of Casablanca (intervention group) and Quillota (control group). Subjects: One thousand seven hundred and fifty-nine children from three schools (intervention group) and 671 from one school (control group). Results: Over the two years, obesity prevalence and BMIZ declined significantly in the intervention group; from 17.0 % to 12.3 % and 14.1 % to 10.3 % in boys and girls, respectively, and from 0.62 to 0.53 and 0.64 to 0.58, respectively. In the control group, obesity remained stable at about 21 % and 15 %, while BMIZ increased significantly in the second year. BMIZ declined in both genders and all age categories in the intervention group during the first year (significant only in younger boys). No changes occurred during the summer, while during the second year, BMIZ increased in boys and girls from both groups (significant only in the younger control boys). Obesity declined significantly only in boys during the first year. Conclusion: Effectiveness was greater in the first school year and more evident in younger boys. The Authors 2008.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"nutrition and physcial activities ",1,"research",7,0,0,"Casablanca",41,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T494,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Casablanca"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T494,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"chile"},"chileCasablanca",19,2,2]
["Walter, H. J.; Vaughan, R. D.",1993,"AIDS risk reduction among a multiethnic sample of urban high school students","Objective. - To evaluate the effectiveness of a teacher-delivered curriculum in favorably modifying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)- related knowledge and beliefs, self-efficacy related to AIDS-preventive actions, and involvement in AIDS risk behaviors among an eligible population of 1316 New York City high school students. Design. - Students in two pairs of demographically similar high schools were assigned to receive either a special six-lesson AIDS-preventive curriculum (intervention group) or no formal AIDS-preventive curriculum (comparison group). Participants. - Study participants were ninth- and 11th-grade students, 12 to 20 years of age (mean, 15.7 years), 41.5% male, and 72.1% black or Hispanic. Intervention. - The special curriculum focused on conveying facts about AIDS, fostering theoretically derived beliefs favorable to AIDS prevention, and teaching skills necessary for the successful performance of AIDS-preventive behaviors. Main Outcome Measures. - AIDS-related knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, and behaviors were assessed among students in intervention and comparison groups at study baseline and at 3 months' follow-up. Results. - Significant (albeit modest) effects favoring intervention were observed for knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, and risk behavior scores. Conclusions. - School-based AIDS- preventive curricula may play a role in curtailing transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus among multiethnic groups of urban adolescents; however, such curricula may need supplementation by a broader-based prevention effort to achieve substantial risk behavior change.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Trauma Care",1,2,1,"AIDS prevention education  programme ",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T495,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T495,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Dixon, S.; Mason, S.; Knowles, E.; Colwell, B.; Wardrope, J.; Snooks, H.; Gorringe, R.; Perrin, J.; Nicholl, J.",2009,"Is it cost effective to introduce paramedic practitioners for older people to the ambulance service? Results of a cluster randomised controlled trial","BACKGROUND: A scheme to train paramedics to undertake a greater role in the care of older people following a call for an emergency ambulance was developed in a large city in the UK. OBJECTIVES: To assess the cost effectiveness of the paramedic practitioner (PP) scheme compared with usual emergency care. METHODS: A cluster randomised controlled trial was undertaken of PP compared with usual care. Weeks were allocated to the study group at random to the PP scheme either being active (intervention) or inactive (control). Resource use data were collected from routine sources, and from patient-completed questionnaires for events up to 28 days. EQ-5D data were also collected at 28 days. RESULTS: Whereas the intervention group received more PP contact time, it reduced the proportion of emergency department (ED) attendances (53.3% vs 84.0%) and time in the ED (126.6 vs 211.3 minutes). There was also some evidence of increased use of health services in the days following the incident for patients in the intervention group. Overall, total costs in the intervention group were 140 UK pounds lower when routine data were considered (p = 0.63). When the costs and QALY were considered simultaneously, PP had a greater than 95% chance of being cost effective at 20 000 UK pounds per QALY. CONCLUSION: Several changes in resource use are associated with the use of PP. Given these economic results in tandem with the clinical, operational and patient-related benefits, the wider implementation and evaluation of similar schemes should be considered.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Smoking",2,23,2,"paramedic practitioners for older people to the ambulance service",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T496,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T496,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",3,3,1]
["Kain, J.; Uauy, R.; Leyton, B.; Cerda, R.; Olivares, S.; Vio, F.",2008,"[Effectiveness of a dietary and physical activity intervention to prevent obesity in school age children]","BACKGROUND: With the aim of contributing to he Healthy Goal 2010 of reducing significantly the prevalence of childhood obesity we developed and implemented during 2003 and 2004, a school-based obesity prevention intervention which included nutrition education and the promotion of physical activity. AIM: To report the results of the intervention. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample included 1760 children (1st to 7th grade) from 3 elementary public schools in Casablanca (experimental group) and 671 from a similar school located in Quillota, a neighboring city (control). Primary outcomes were body mass index (BMI) Z score, the mile and shuttle-run tests and obesity prevalence. We also compared changes in waist circumference and triceps skinfold between both groups. Effectiveness of the intervention was assessed by analyzing separately the group *age* time interaction for the first 3 outcomes (follow-up-baseline), using a mixed model of covariance and by comparing variations in obesity prevalence between both groups. RESULTS: There was a significant decline in BMI Z scores in experimental schools for both genders, but greater in boys (p <0.001 versus p =0.0034 in girls), while in controls, BMI Z scores increased. Obesity prevalence declined significantly in experimental schools; from 17 to 12.3% and from 14.1 to 10.3% in boys and girls respectively, while in the control group, it remained unchanged. Also, triceps skinfold in girls from Casablanca increased significantly less than that of control girls. CONCLUSION: This intervention proved that it is possible to reduce significantly the prevalence of obesity in Chilean schoolchildren attending public elementary schools.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2," school-based obesity prevention intervention ",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Casablanca",41,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T497,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Casablanca"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T497,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"chile"},"chileCasablanca",19,2,2]
["Heo, M.; Irvin, E.; Ostrovsky, N.; Isasi, C.; Blank, A. E.; Lounsbury, D. W.; Fredericks, L.; Yom, T.; Ginsberg, M.; Hayes, S.; Wylie-Rosett, J.",2016,"Behaviors and Knowledge of HealthCorps New York City High School Students: Nutrition, Mental Health, and Physical Activity","BACKGROUND: HealthCorps provides school wellness programming using curricula to promote changes in nutrition, mental health, and physical activity behaviors. The research objective was to evaluate effects of implementing its curricula on nutrition, mental health, and physical activity knowledge and behavior. METHODS: Pre- and postsurvey data were collected (N = 2255) during the 2012-2013 academic year from 14 New York City public high schools. An 18-item knowledge questionnaire addressed 3 domains; 26 behavioral items were analyzed by factor analysis to identify 6 behavior domains, breakfast being a seventh 1-item domain. We examined the effects stratified by sex, applying mixed-effects models to take into account clustering effects of schools and participants adjusted for age. RESULTS: The HealthCorps program significantly increased all 3 knowledge domains (p < .05), and significantly changed several key behavioral domains. Boys significantly increased fruits/vegetables intake (p = .03). Girls increased acceptance of new fruits/vegetables (p = .03) and breakfast consumption (p = .04), and decreased sugar-sweetened beverages and energy dense food intake (p = .03). The associations between knowledge and behavior were stronger in boys than girls. CONCLUSION: The HealthCorps program significantly increased participants' knowledge on nutrition, mental health, and physical activity. It also improved several key behavioral domains, which are targets of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines to address obesity in youth. © 2016, American School Health Association.","y","Journal of School Health","Scopus","Journal Article","Nutrition, Mental Health, and Physical Activity",1,0,2,"school wellness programme 'HealthCorps'  to promote changes in nutrition, mental health, and physical activity behaviours. ",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T498,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T498,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Fishman, E.",2016,"Bikeshare: A Review of Recent Literature","The number of cities offering bikeshare has increased rapidly, from just a handful in the late 1990s to over 800 currently. This paper provides a review of recent bikeshare literature. Several themes have begun to emerge from studies examining bikeshare. Convenience is the major motivator for bikeshare use. Financial savings has been found to motivate those on a low income and the distance one lives from a docking station is an important predictor for bikeshare membership. In a range of countries, it has been found that just under 50% of bikeshare members use the system less than once a month. Men use bikeshare more than women, but the imbalance is not as dramatic as private bike riding (at least in low cycling countries). Commuting is the most common trip purpose for annual members. Users are less likely than private cyclists to wear helmets, but in countries with mandatory helmet legislation, usage levels have suffered. Bikeshare users appear less likely to be injured than private bike riders. Future directions include integration with e-bikes, GPS (global positioning system), dockless systems and improved public transport integration. Greater research is required to quantify the impacts of bikeshare, in terms of mode choice, emissions, congestion and health. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.","y","Transport Reviews","Scopus","Journal Article","NCD",1,0,2,"Lit review on success / challenges of bike shares",2,"Literature review",7,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T499,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T499,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Fisher, H. H.; Hoyte, T.; Purcell, D. W.; van Handel, M.; Williams, W.; Krueger, A.; Dietz, P.; Stratford, D.; Heitgerd, J.; Dunbar, E.; Wan, C.; Linley, L. A.; Flores, S. A.",2016,"Health department HIV prevention programs that support the national HIV/AIDS strategy: The enhanced comprehensive HIV prevention planning project, 2010–2013","Objective. The Enhanced Comprehensive HIV Prevention Planning project was the first initiative of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to address the goals of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS). Health departments in 12 U.S. cities with a high prevalence of AIDS conducted comprehensive program planning and implemented cost-effective, scalable HIV prevention interventions that targeted high-risk populations. We examined trends in health department HIV prevention programs in these cities during the project. Methods. We analyzed the number of people who received partner services, condoms distributed, and people tested for HIV, as well as funding allocations for selected HIV prevention programs by year and by site from October 2010 through September 2013. We assessed trends in the proportional change in services and allocations during the project period using generalized estimating equations. We also conducted thematic coding of program activities that targeted people living with HIV infection (PLWH). Results. We found significant increases in funding allocations for HIV testing and condom distribution. All HIV partner services indicators, condom distribution, and HIV testing of African American and Hispanic/Latino populations significantly increased. HIV tests associated with a new diagnosis increased significantly among those self-identifying as Hispanic/Latino but significantly decreased among African Americans. For programs targeting PLWH, health department activities included implementing new program models, improving local data use, and building local capacity to enhance linkage to HIV medical care, retention in care, and treatment adherence. Conclusions. Overall, these findings indicate that health departments in areas with a high burden of AIDS successfully shifted their HIV prevention resources to scale up important HIV programs and make progress toward NHAS goals. © 2016 Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health.","y","Public Health Reports","Scopus","Journal Article","COPD",2,2,1,"Shifting resource to HIV prevention through new interventions ",3,"service redesign",8,5,0,"12 US Cities (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T500,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T500,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Villalbí, J. R.; Bartroli, M.; Bosque-Prous, M.; Guitart, A. M.; Serra-Batiste, E.; Casas, C.; Brugal, M. T.",2015,"Enforcing regulations on alcohol sales and use as universal environmental prevention","The informal social control over alcohol consumption that was traditional in Southern European countries has weakened. At the same time there is an increase in binge drinking and drunkenness among young people in Spain. To mitigate this problem, regulations on alcohol and driving and restrictions on the sale and consumption of alcohol have been adopted. This paper documents the current regulations in the city of Barcelona and describes efforts to enforce them and their outcomes. Data from the municipal information systems on infringements reported for the period 2008-13 are provided. There is an increasing pressure of municipal services to enforce the rules in two areas: a) alcohol sales at night (retailers); and b) consumption in the public space (citizens). An increase in the controls of drink-driving has also taken place, and the proportion above legal limits has decreased. The largest relative increase occurred in the control of retailers. In Barcelona interventions are made to limit the supply and consumption of alcohol at low cost and during the night, and of driving under the influence of alcohol. There have been no documented episodes of massive drinking in public spaces (known as ‘botellón’) in the city. These actions, which complement other preventive efforts based on health education, can change the social perceptions of alcohol by minors in a direction less favorable to consumption, promoting environmental prevention. © 2015, Edita Socidrogalcohol. All rights reserved.","y","Adicciones","Scopus","Journal Article","Cardiac arrest",1,13,2,"Increasing laws on alcohol consumption to combat misuse",2,"legislation",4,0,0,"Barcelona",13,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T501,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Barcelona"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T501,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainBarcelona",4,3,0]
["Peyravi, M.; Khodakarim, S.; Örtenwall, P.; Khorram-Manesh, A.",2015,"Does temporary location of ambulances (“fluid deployment”) affect response times and patient outcome?","Background:  The objective of this paper is to evaluate the response times and outcome of patients in two groups of patients attended by permanently (PS) and temporarily stationed ambulances (TS) (fluid deployment). Methods: Patients transported and treated by EMS between March 21, 2012 and March 20, 2013 in a city with 1.7 million inhabitants (Shiraz, Iran) were studied. Using the same number of ambulances, patients were divided into two groups: transported by ambulances dispatched from permanent ambulance stations (PS) vs. dispatched from temporary locations (TS). Furthermore, due to a high discrepancy in the number of missions between PS and TS in this group, a pilot study was also conducted to confirm the first result. The results were statistically analyzed using various methods and compared with regard to mortality and response time. Results: In this study (both periods), ambulances dispatched from TS had a reduction of their mean response times by 2 min compare to ambulances dispatched from PS. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001–[95 % CI, 1.975, 2.025]). The pre-hospital mortality rate was also significantly lower for this group (p = 0.04–[95 % CI, 0.006, 0.012]). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that temporary deployment of ambulances reduce response times and may improve early survival rates in patients managed by EMS. © 2015, Peyravi et al.","y","International Journal of Emergency Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","diabetes",2,23,2,"Evaluating the response times and outcome of patients in two groups of patients attended by permanently (PS) and temporarily stationed ambulances (TS) (fluid deployment).",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Shiraz",197,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T502,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shiraz"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T502,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"iran"},"iranShiraz",33,4,1]
["Schwab, G. L.; Moysés, S. T.; França, B. H. S.; Werneck, R. I.; Frank, E.; Moysés, S. J.",2015,"Healthy cities fighting against chronic conditions","Urban health is strongly linked to mental illness, being overweight, smoking behaviors, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary disease; most of these are chronic diseases/conditions. Healthy Cities and Cittaslow are urban initiatives that acknowledge the importance of such societal and cultural contexts and factors as social determinants of health, whereas the more commonly considered factors such as access and use of health care services often have less impact. Changes in social environment and lifestyle are now major determinants of risk and disease at all ages. Based on the principles of Healthy Cities and Cittaslow, this research aimed to establish comparisons and formulate plausible hypotheses for the relationship between healthy cities and chronic diseases/conditions. It is a qualitative observational and comparative study from a socio-anthropological perspective carried out in five cities. Improved capacity of local communities to identify and address problems could be the best outcome from Healthy Cities and Cittaslow. The capacity to change urban environments and social habits to ones that promote a healthier lifestyle may help to lessen the impact of chronic diseases/conditions. © National Association of Environmental Professionals 2015.","y","Environmental Practice","Scopus","Journal Article","Smoking",1,50,2,"social determinant of health in cities",0," It is a qualitative observational and comparative study ",7,0,0,"5 cities (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T503,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T503,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Ahmad, A. D.; Elnour, A. A.; Yousif, M. A. E.; Farah, F. H.; Akasha, H. A.; Abasaeed, A.; shehab, A.; Al Kalbani, N.; Al Nuaimim, S.; Srikanth Bhagavathula, A.; Shehab, O. A.; Al Amoodi, A. A. A.",2015,"Pharmacist’s interventions to improve clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Nyala City, South Darfur State, Sudan","Prospective randomized controlled interventional (pre and post) clinical trial aimed to examine impact of pharmacist’s interventions (during 1 year follow-up) on diabetes clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes in Nyala City, Sudan. Three hundred patients (200 intervention and 100 control groups) with type 2 diabetes were clinically evaluated for diabetes care contents before and after implementation of diabetes care international guidelines from Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI). We measured patient’s general and diabetes satisfaction level regarding diabetes care, by using Patient Satisfaction (PSQ-18) and Diabetes Satisfaction (DSQ) Questionnaires. Diabetes care elements were compared against international guidelines to achieve target goals of blood glucose and HBA1c. The clinical pharmacist in collaboration with the diabetes care team implemented ICSI standards for care of patients with type 2 diabetes. The role of pharmacist in diabetes management team has involved behavioral and educational aspects of patients with type 2 diabetes, self-monitoring of blood glucose, lifestyle changes, and the status of diabetes care and general health. Clinically significant differences were achieved in terms of post-prandial blood glucose (PPBG) levels (7.4 ± 1.7 vs. 10.4 ± 2.0 mmol/L) between intervention and control groups, respectively. Percentage of intervention group that reached target PPBG increased from (12.0 to 54.0 %; p = 0.001). Percentage of intervention group that reached target HBA1c increased from 10.5 to 52.0 %. HBA1c values for intervention group were improved as compared to control group (7.8 ± 1.9 % vs. 9.5 ± 2 %; p = 0.001), respectively. Pharmacist’s interventions yielded increased percentage of intervention group as compared to control group, who achieved comprehensive diabetes clinical outcomes. © 2015, Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India.","y","International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries","Scopus","Journal Article","Urban health equity",2,9,2,"Pharmacy interventions",1,"research",7,0,0,"Nyala",57,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T504,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nyala (Darfur)"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T504,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"sudan"},"sudanNyala (Darfur)",48,6,1]
["Kondo, M. C.; South, E. C.; Branas, C. C.",2015,"Nature-Based Strategies for Improving Urban Health and Safety","Place-based programs are being noticed as key opportunities to prevent disease and promote public health and safety for populations at-large. As one key type of place-based intervention, nature-based and green space strategies can play an especially large role in improving health and safety for dwellers in urban environments such as US legacy cities that lack nature and greenery. In this paper, we describe the current understanding of place-based influences on public health and safety. We focus on nonchemical environmental factors, many of which are related to urban abandonment and blight. We then review findings from studies of nature-based interventions regarding impacts on health, perceptions of safety, and crime. Based on our findings, we suggest that further research in this area will require (1) refined measures of green space, nature, and health and safety for cities, (2) interdisciplinary science and cross-sector policy collaboration, (3) observational studies as well as randomized controlled experiments and natural experiments using appropriate spatial counterfactuals and mixed methods, and (4) return-on-investment calculations of potential economic, social, and health costs and benefits of urban greening initiatives. © 2015, The New York Academy of Medicine (outside the USA).","y","Journal of Urban Health","Scopus","Journal Article","Urban health ",1,0,2,"Review of nature-based interventions to improve urban health",2,"not stated",0,1,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T505,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T505,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Truiett-Theodorson, R.; Tuck, S.; Bowie, J. V.; Summers, A. C.; Kelber-Kaye, J.",2015,"Building effective partnerships to improve birth outcomes by reducing obesity: The B'more Fit for healthy babies coalition of Baltimore","Obesity affects a large percentage of Baltimore City's population with repercussions on maternal health and birth outcomes. Approaches to ameliorate its impact must be comprehensive and include stakeholder involvement at all levels of influence including policy makers, service providers, and community residents. In this article, we examine the evolution of the B'more Fit for Healthy Babies Coalition in Baltimore, Maryland, with a specific focus on how the public health alliance was formed, the strategies employed, and how partners continually evaluated themselves. This study offers the opportunity to understand the extent and complexity undergirding the collaborative processes of community coalitions as they strive to find innovative solutions to major public health concerns. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.","y","Evaluation and Program Planning","Scopus","Journal Article","social determinents of health",1,1,2,"Baltimore Fit for Healthy Babies Coalition ",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T506,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T506,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Keall, M.; Chapman, R.; Howden-Chapman, P.; Witten, K.; Abrahamse, W.; Woodward, A.",2015,"Increasing active travel: Results of a quasiexperimental study of an intervention to encourage walking and cycling","Background There is increased interest in the effectiveness and cobenefits of measures to promote walking and cycling, including health gains from increased physical activity and reductions in fossil fuel use and vehicle emissions. This paper analyses the changes in walking and cycling in two New Zealand cities that accompanied public investment in infrastructure married with programmes to encourage active travel. Method Using a quasi-experimental two-group pre-post study design, we estimated changes in travel behaviour from baseline in 2011 to mid-programme in 2012, and postprogramme in 2013. The intervention and control cities were matched in terms of sociodemographic variables and baseline levels of walking and cycling. A face-to-face survey obtained information on walking and cycling. We also drew from the New Zealand Travel Survey, a national ongoing survey of travel behaviour, which was conducted in the study areas. Estimates from the two surveys were combined using meta-analysis techniques. Results The trips and physical activity were evaluated. Relative to the control cities, the odds of trips being by active modes (walking or cycling) increased by 37% (95% CI 8% to 73%) in the intervention cities between baseline and postintervention. The net proportion of trips made by active modes increased by about 30%. In terms of physical activity levels, there was little evidence of an overall change. Discussion Comparing the intervention cities with the matched controls, we found substantial changes in walking and cycling, and conclude that the improvements in infrastructure and associated programmes appear to have successfully arrested the general decline in active mode use evident in recent years.","y","Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","Scopus","Journal Article","Active travel",1,10,2,"Intervention (infrastructure and education)  that aimed to increase active travel",2,"public investment",8,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T507,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T507,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",40,5,1]
["Wolf, S. A.; Grimshaw, V. E.; Sacks, R.; Maguire, T.; Matera, C.; Lee, K. K.",2015,"The Impact of a Temporary Recurrent Street Closure on Physical Activity in New York City","At least 70 US cities have now introduced ciclovías—large-scale street closures to promote physical activity—joining numerous other cities worldwide that have implemented ciclovías in efforts to improve population health. We assessed the impact of Summer Streets, a New York City program in which 6.9 contiguous miles of urban streets were closed to traffic and opened for walking, cycling, and group activities, such as dancing and yoga, on population physical activity levels. Screen line counts were used to estimate attendance, and a street intercept survey was conducted to assess demographic characteristics of participants, baseline adherence to physical activity recommendations, and type and duration of physical activity at Summer Streets. In addition, a traffic study was used to determine if there were vehicular traffic delays as a result of the program. About 50,000 people participated in Summer Streets; among participating New Yorkers, bicyclists averaged 6.7 miles, runners 4.3 miles, and walkers 3.6 miles, equivalent to 72–86 min of moderate physical activity. Among New Yorkers attending Summer Streets, 24 % reported that they did not routinely engage in moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activity. These non-routine exercisers engaged in the equivalent of 26–68 min of moderate-intensity physical activity at Summer Streets. Summer Streets served as an enticement for New Yorkers, including those who did not ordinarily meet physical activity recommendations, to engage in physical activity. There were no significant vehicular traffic delays during the program. © 2015, The New York Academy of Medicine.","y","Journal of Urban Health","Scopus","Journal Article","childhood obesity",1,29,2,"Large scale street closures to encourage pohsycoal activity",2,"ciclovías Programme",1,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T508,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T508,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Hysing, E.",2015,"Citizen participation or representative government - Building legitimacy for the Gothenburg congestion tax","A key dilemma in transport planning involves how to make possible the radical changes needed for long-term sustainability while ensuring political legitimacy and democratic process. Congestion charges are a case in point; despite their being considered an effective policy measure for improving environmental and health problems in cities, it has proved difficult to secure public acceptance for them. This paper analyses the policy process behind the introduction of a congestion tax in the Swedish city of Gothenburg, focusing on strategies for building legitimacy for the tax. The results show that the tax was legitimated primarily through its broad support in the City Council, which had been secured by integrating the tax with infrastructure investments, while strategies for directly involving the citizens in the process, such as public consultation and local referendums, were neglected or actively opposed. The process successfully generated a capacity for decisive political action legitimated through representative government. Over time the decision may gain public acceptance, but the process used might also prove detrimental to the future of the congestion tax and undermine trust in the democratic institutions. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.","y","Transport Policy","Scopus","Journal Article","city-wide integration for heart attack patients",1,16,2,"congestion charging",2,"city council",1,0,0,"Gothenburg",80,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T509,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Gothenburg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T509,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"sweden"},"swedenGothenburg",54,3,0]
["Budd, N.; Cuccia, A.; Jeffries, J. K.; Prasad, D.; Frick, K. D.; Powell, L.; Katz, F. A.; Gittelsohn, J.",2015,"B'More healthy: Retail rewards - Design of a multi-level communications and pricing intervention to improve the food environment in Baltimore City","Background: Low-income black residents of Baltimore City have disproportionately higher rates of obesity and chronic disease than other Maryland residents. Increasing the availability and affordability of healthy food are key strategies to improve the food environment and can lead to healthier diets. This paper describes B'More Healthy: Retail Rewards (BHRR), an intervention that tests the effectiveness of performance-based pricing discounts and health communications, separately and combined, on healthy food purchasing and consumption among low-income small store customers. Methods/design: BHRR is 2x2 factorial design randomized controlled trial. Fifteen regular customers recruited from each of 24 participating corner stores in Baltimore City were enrolled. Food stores were randomized to 1) pricing intervention, 2) communications intervention, 3) combined intervention, or 4) control. Pricing stores were given a 10-30% price discount on selected healthier food items, such as fresh fruits, frozen vegetables, and baked chips, at the point of purchase from two food wholesale stores during the 6-month trial. Storeowners agreed to pass on the discount to the consumer to increase demand for healthy food. Communications stores received visual and interactive materials to promote healthy items, including signage, taste tests, and refrigerators. Primary outcome measures include consumer food purchasing and associated psychosocial variables. Secondary outcome measures include consumer food consumption, store sales, and associated storeowner psychosocial factors. Process evaluation was monitored throughout the trial at wholesaler, small store, and consumer levels. Discussion: This is the first study to test the impact of performance-based pricing and communications incentives in small food stores, an innovative strategy to encourage local wholesalers and storeowners to share responsibility in creating a healthier food supply by stocking, promoting, and reducing costs of healthier foods in their stores. Local food wholesalers were involved in a top-down, participatory approach to develop and implement an effective and sustainable program. This study will provide evidence on the effectiveness of price incentives and health communications, separately and combined, among a low-income urban U.S. population. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02279849 (2/18/2014). © 2015 Budd et al.; licensee BioMed Central.","y","BMC Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","Alcohol misuse",1,1,2,"multi-level communications and pricing intervention to improve the food environment ",1,"RCT",7,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T510,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T510,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Silver, D.; Bae, J. Y.; Jimenez, G.; Macinko, J.",2015,"Compliance with minimum price and legal age for cigarette purchase laws: Evidence from NYC in advance of raising purchase age to 21","Background New York City (NYC) raised the minimum purchase age for cigarettes from 18 to 21 on 1 August 2014. The new law is intended to decrease current smoking rates and smoking initiation among the city's youth. Assessment of compliance with existing cigarette sales and tax laws could aid in determining what may be needed for successful implementation of the city's new law. Purpose To assess compliance with minimum sales price and purchase age laws in NYC, before change in law. Methods Ten trained field investigators purchased cigarettes from different types of retailers throughout all five NYC boroughs, resulting in 421 purchases. Investigators noted whether they were asked for identification and the price of their purchase. Multivariable logistic and Ordinary Least Squares regression techniques were used to assess predictors of retailer compliance with sales price and minimum purchase age laws. Results In 29% of purchases, investigators did not have to produce identification (p<0.05) to purchase cigarettes. Only 3.1% of sales were at prices lower than the minimum sales price. City borough was significantly associated with purchase without identification (p<0.001) and mean sales price (p<0.024). Vendor type (independent vs chain) was significantly related to investigators being able to purchase cigarettes without identification (p<0.001). Conclusions Variation in compliance with existing laws suggests that more active monitoring of compliance with the new minimum legal purchase age will be required in order to realise the new law's public health potential. © 2015 by the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.","y","Tobacco Control","Scopus","Journal Article","Smoking",1,7,2,"Raising the minimum age of smoking",2,"DoHMH",4,5,2,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T511,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T511,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Jackisch, J.; Zamaro, G.; Green, G.; Huber, M.",2015,"Is a healthy city also an age-friendly city?","Healthy Ageing is an important focus of the European Healthy Cities Network and has been supported by WHO since 2003 as a key strategic topic, since 2010 in cooperation with the Global Network of Agefriendly Cities and Communities. Based on the methodology of realist evaluation, this article synthesizes qualitative evidence from 33 structured case studies (CS) from 32 WHO European Healthy Cities, 72 annual reports from Network cities and 71 quantitative responses to a General Evaluation Questionnaire. City cases are assigned to three clusters containing the eight domains of an age-friendly city proposed by WHO's Global Age-friendly City Guide published in 2007. The analysis of city's practice and efforts in this article takes stock of how cities have developed the institutional prerequisites and processes necessary for implementing age-friendly strategies, programmes and projects. A content analysis of the CS maps activities across age-friendly domains and illustrates how cities contribute to improving the social and physical environments of older people and enhance the health and social services provided by municipalities and their partners. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.","y","Health Promotion International","Scopus","Journal Article","Healthy ageing",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy Cities - Study looking at link between ageing well and healthy cities",0,"not stated",9,0,0,"32 cities (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T512,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T512,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,8,0]
["Ritsatakis, A.; Ostergren, P. O.; Webster, P.",2015,"Tackling the social determinants of inequalities in health during Phase V of the Healthy Cities Project in Europe","The WHO European Healthy Cities Network has from its inception aimed at tackling inequalities in health. In carrying out an evaluation of Phase V of the project (2009-13), an attempt was made to examine how far the concept of equity in health is understood and accepted; whether cities had moved further from a disease/medical model to looking at the social determinants of inequalities in health; how far the HC project contributed to cities determining the extent and causes of inequalities in health; what efforts were made to tackle such inequalities and how far inequalities in health may have increased or decreased during Phase V. A broader range of resources was utilized for this evaluation than in previous phases of the project. These indicated that most cities were definitely looking at the broader determinants. Equality in health was better understood and had been included as a value in a range of city policies. This was facilitated by stronger involvement of the HC project in city planning processes. Although almost half the cities participating had prepared a City Health Profile, only few cities had the necessary local level data to monitor changes in inequalities in health. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.","y","Health Promotion International","Scopus","Journal Article","Devolution",1,3,2,"WHO Healthy Cities - various interventions (not stated)",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T513,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T513,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,8,0]
["Grant, M.",2015,"European Healthy City Network Phase V: Patterns emerging for healthy urban planning","There is a tradition of planning cities and their infrastructure to successfully tackle communicable disease arising from urban development. Non-communicable disease follows a different course. Development brings in its wake a basket of adverse health and health equity outcomes that are proving difficult to tackle. In response, within Phase V of the European Healthy Cities Network, municipalities have implemented a range of policy and physical interventions using a settings approach. Owing to the time lag between physical interventions and health outcomes, this research interrogates city activity itself to develop better understanding. Self-reported city case studies and questionnaire data were analysed to reveal patterns using an inductive approach. Findings indicate that some categories of intervention, such as whole city planning and transport, have a systemic impact across the wider determinants of health. Addressing transferability and stakeholder understanding helped cities create conditions for successful outcomes. Cities had varying urban development approaches for tackling climate change. Improvements to current practice are discussed, including; a distinction between supply side and demand side in healthy urban planning; valuing co-benefits and developing integrative approaches to the evidence-base. This evaluative article is important for cities wanting to learn how to maximize benefits to public health through urban development and for researchers exploring, with a systemic approach, the experiences of European cities acting at the interface of urban development and public health. This article also provides recommendations for future phases of the WHO European Healthy Cities programme, posing questions to better address governance and equity in spatial planning. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.","y","Health Promotion International","Scopus","Journal Article","Non communicable diseases",1,3,2,"WHO Healthy Cities - various interventions (not stated)",2,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T514,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T514,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,8,0]
["Honta, M.; Basson, J. C.",2015,"Healthy cities: A new political territory. An analysis of local health care governance in the city of Bordeaux","Decentralisation reforms in France have helped to reshape relations between the State and cities. While many researchers maintain that cities have capitalised on this new climate to assert their power, others offer a more nuanced view of these changes, highlighting that the ability of cities to establish themselves as a relevant and autonomous level of political regulation has yet to be affirmed. The aim of this article is to contribute to this debate by offering an analysis of local health-care governance, the foundations of which have been called into question in France by the adoption of a series of reforms. The provisions of these reforms, which have been driven by the ministries of Health, Urban Affairs and Decentralisation, and Civil Service have changed the institutional, partnership and financial framework, and, in doing so, have raised many questions. Although this uncertain climate is by no means new, it invites us to put into perspective the ability of cities to deploy their own strategies in an area of the public sector that has traditionally been marked by the pervasive influence of the State. For several years, the policies implemented by the city of Bordeaux in France have demonstrated a certain voluntarism and therefore offer fertile ground for analysing the process of change that is underway. © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.","y","French Politics","Scopus","Journal Article","Devolution",1,0,2,"Studying the relationship between devolved powers at a city level and health policy",0,"national policy",8,0,0," Bordeaux",22,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T515,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Bordeaux"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T515,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"france"},"franceBordeaux",27,3,0]
["Isett, K. R.; Laugesen, M. J.; Cloud, D. H.",2015,"Learning from New York City: A case study of public health policy practice in the bloomberg administration","Objectives: To ascertain any lessons learned about how public health reforms undertaken in New York City during the Bloomberg Administration were shepherded through the public policy and administration gauntlet. The question is, how feasible is this approach and would it work outside of New York City? Design/Setting/Participants: Using a theoretically grounded case study approach, 3 initiatives were examined that were proposed and/or implemented during a 10-year period of the mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg (2002-2011): transfats restrictions, clean bus transportation policies, and a sugar-sweetened beverages tax (as a counterfactual). The investigation began by performing a comprehensive public documents search and was followed with interviews of 27 individuals involved in the selected policy initiatives. Interviews were coded in Nvivo using an iterative, grounded methodology. Results: Using a theoretical lens, the case study illustrates that the multifaceted role of leadership was not confined to the executives in the City or the Agency. Instead, leadership extended to other administrative officials within the agency and the Board of Health. Second, New York City used reorganization and coordinative mechanisms strategically to ensure achievement of their goals. This included creation of new departments/bureaus and coordinating structures across the City. Evidence of the explicit use of incentives, as initially anticipated from the theoretical framework, was not found. Conclusions: While some aspects of this case study are unique to the context of New York City, 2 approaches used in New York City are feasible for other jurisdictions: harnessing the full scope and breadth of authority of the agency and its associated boards and commissions, and remobilizing existing workforce to explicitly focus on and coordinate targeted policies for issues of concern. Questions for further consideration are posed at the conclusion of the article. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.","y","Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","Scopus","Journal Article","Non communicable diseases",1,50,2,"health reforms undertaken in New York City during the Bloomberg Administration ",7,"policy",5,0,1,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T516,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T516,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Farrington, J. L.; Faskunger, J.; Mackiewicz, K.",2015,"Evaluation of risk factor reduction in a European City Network","There is a substantial and growing burden of premature mortality caused by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. This paper evaluates the preventive efforts of the WHO European Healthy Cities Network during its fifth phase (2009-13), specifically for four behavioural risk factors (tobacco use, alcohol abuse, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity). Drawing on case studies, questionnaire responses and other materials, it notes which cities were involved, what worked and did not, the triggers for action, challenges met and lessons learnt. Few cities appeared to have taken comprehensive approaches to NCD prevention across multiple risk factors, or have combined population- and individuallevel interventions.Work on healthy food and diet predominantly focused on children in educational or care settings, and few cities appeared to take a comprehensive approach to tackling obesity. Partnerships were a strong feature for all the NCD risk factor work, and were frequently extensive, being most diverse for the Healthy Diet and Food work. There were strong examples of engagement with communities, also involved in co-designing and shaping projects. Equity also featured strongly and there were multiple examples of how attention had been paid to the social determinants of health. There was evidence that cities continue to be significant innovative forces within their countries and drivers of change, and the mutual dependency of the national and local levels was highlighted. Interventions to promote physical activity have shifted focus from specific events and projects to being more integrated with other policy areas and based on intersectoral collaboration. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.","y","Health Promotion International","Scopus","Journal Article","NCD",1,50,2,"WHO European Healthy Cities ",7,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,1,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T517,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T517,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,8,0]
["De Leeuw, E.; Green, G.; Spanswick, L.; Palmer, N.",2015,"Policymaking in European healthy cities","This paper assesses policy development in, with and for Healthy Cities in the European Region of the World Health Organization. Materials for the assessment were sourced through case studies, a questionnaire and statistical databases. They were compiled in a realist synthesis methodology, applying theory-based evaluation principles. Non-response analyses were applied to ascertain the degree of representatives of the high response rates for the entire network of Healthy Cities in Europe. Further measures of reliability and validity were applied, and it was found that our material was indicative of the entire network. European Healthy Cities are successful in developing local health policy across many sectors within and outside government. They were also successful in addressing 'wicked' problems around equity, governance and participation in themes such as Healthy Urban Planning. It appears that strong local leadership for policy change is driven by international collaboration and the stewardship of the World Health Organization. The processes enacted by WHO, structuring membership of the Healthy City Network (designation) and the guidance on particular themes, are identified as being important for the success of local policy development. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.","y","Health Promotion International","Scopus","Journal Article","NCD",1,50,2,"WHO Healthy Cities - various interventions (not stated)",2,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,1,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T518,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T518,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"+V518&U518","v":"0no city or multiple cities stated"},0,3,0]
["Simos, J.; Spanswick, L.; Palmer, N.; Christie, D.",2015,"The role of health impact assessment in Phase V of the Healthy Cities European Network","Health impact assessment (HIA) is a prospective decision-making aid tool that aims to improve the quality of policies, programmes or projects through recommendations that promote health. It identifies howand through which pathways a decision can impact a wide range of health determinants and seeks to define the distribution of effects within populations, thereby raising the issue of equity. HIAwas introduced to the WHO European Healthy Cities Network as one of its four core themes during the Phase IV (2004-08). Here we present an evaluation of the use of HIA during Phase V (2009-13), where HIA was linked with the overarching theme of health and health equity in all local policies and a requirement regarding capacity building. The evaluation was based on 10 case studies contributed by 9 Healthy Cities in five countries (France, Hungary, Italy, Spain and the UK). A Realist Evaluation framework was used to collect and aggregate data obtained through three methods: an HIA factors analysis, a case-study template analysis using Nvivo software and a detailed questionnaire. The main conclusion is that HIA significantly helps promote Health in All Policies (HiAP) and sustainability in Healthy Cities. It is recommended that all Healthy City candidates to Phase VI (2014-18) of the WHO Healthy Cities European Network effectively adopt HIA and HiAP. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.","y","Health Promotion International","Scopus","Journal Article","Ageing well",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy Cities - various interventions (not stated)",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,1,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T519,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T519,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,3,0]
["Beard, J. R.; Montawi, B.",2015,"Age and the Environment: The Global Movement Towards Age-Friendly Cities and Communities","Populations around the world are rapidly ageing, with some of the fastest change occurring in less-developed countries. One of the key determinants of the capabilities of older people, and whether they can achieve the things that are meaningful to them, is the environment in which they live. There is growing interest globally on how to foster “age-friendly” environments, and the World Health Organization's Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities now includes over 250 member cities with responsibility for around 100 million people. This paper outlines the background to the Network and describes some innovative strategies being adopted by members in different parts of the world. © 2015, © 2015 World Health Organization.","y","Journal of Social Work Practice","Scopus","Journal Article","Ageing well",1,0,2,"World Health Organization (WHO) Age-Friendly Cities",0,"WHO age Friendly Cities",10,1,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T520,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T520,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,8,0]
["Palutturi, S.; Chu, C.; Moon, J. Y.; Nam, E. W.",2015,"A comparative study on healthy city capacity mapping: Indonesia and Korea","The healthy city approach toward addressing a variety of urban health challenges is increasingly important in the context of urbanization and globalization. For successful healthy city implementation and to help planners and decision makers as an initial step WHO introduced a tool, capacity mapping which aims to identify existing resources and assess capacity needs. Countries like Japan, Korea and Australia as well as some European and American countries have mapped their national capacity. However for specific cases like healthy cities, mapping capacity is rarely undertaken. Therefore, through a comparative study, this study maps the healthy city capacity in two selected countries: Indonesia and Korea, in order to assess comparative needs and improve healthy city development. Based on an extensive literature review and government documents, this study found that Indonesia and Korea have similarities in the historical development and national agenda of their healthy cities implementation but have differences in organizational structure, regulation and funding support. It appears that Indonesian national policy is stronger than Korean policy; Indonesia has joint regulation by the MOHA and the MOH which provide national guidelines for the healthy cities implementation while Korea only utilizes general guidelines. However in terms of funding availability, Korea's healthy city program is stronger than that of Indonesia. Korea benefits from self-financing by each city, a membership fee from the KHCP and support from the Health Promotion Foundation while Indonesia has limited funding and no specific membership fee. © Medwell Journals, 2015.","y","Social Sciences (Pakistan)","Scopus","Journal Article","NCD",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy Cities",0,"WHO Healty Cities",9,1,0,"numerous - not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T521,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T521,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,4,0]
["de Oliveira, J. A. P.; Doll, C. N. H.; Siri, J.; Dreyfus, M.; Farzaneh, H.; Capon, A.",2015,"Urban governance and the systems approaches to health-environment co-benefits in cities","The term “co-benefits” refers to positive outcomes accruing from a policy beyond the intended outcome, often or usually in other sectors. In the urban context, policies implemented in particular sectors (such as transport, energy or waste) often generate multiple co-benefits in other areas. Such benefits may be related to the reduction of local or global environmental impacts and also extend into the area of public health. A key to identifying and realising co-benefits is the adoption of systems approaches to understand intersectoral linkages and, in particular, the translation of this understanding to improved sectorspecific and city governance. This paper reviews a range of policies which can yield health and climate co-benefits across different urban sectors and illustrates, through a series of cases, how taking a systems approach can lead to innovations in urban governance which aid the development of healthy and sustainable cities. © 2015, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. All rights reserved.","y","Cadernos de Saude Publica","Scopus","Journal Article","health  ",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"policies",1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T522,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T522,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Czarnezki, J. J.",2015,"New York City rules! Regulatory models for environmental and public health","Scholars have become increasingly interested in facilitating improvement in environmental and public health at the local level. Over the last few years, former New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and the New York City Council have proposed and adopted numerous environmental and public health initiatives, providing a useful case study for analyzing the development and success (or failure) of various regulatory tools, and offering larger lessons about regulation that can be extrapolated to other substantive areas. This Article, first, seeks to categorize and evaluate these \"New York Rules,\" creating a new taxonomy to understand different types of regulation. These \"New York Rules\" include bans, informational regulation, education, infrastructure, mandates, standard-setting, and economic (dis)incentives. In particular, this Article focuses on urban transportation and food systems, including the failed market-based congestion pricing plan for Lower Manhattan; the Citi Bike infrastructure; the proposed \"Sugary Drink\" ban; informational calorie labeling on food menus; and the emerging compost pollution prevention plan. This Article provides insight into the challenge of matching the proper regulatory tool with any environmental and public health problem, suggesting that certain approaches are more appropriate than others. In general, society requires more forceful nudges than seen to date and, where this kind of push is not possible, policymakers should proceed to lay the groundwork with norm-shifting regulation. Infrastructure shifts are also a successful type of intervention when more intrusive regulation fails. In summary, law proves to be a workable tool to change individual behavior, and major government action can influence social norms and create improved infrastructure.","y","Hastings Law Journal","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"regulation (law)",2,"law",4,1,1,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T523,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T523,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Dawson, J.; Huikuri, S.; Armada, F.",2015,"Liverpool active city 2005-2010: Increasing population physical activity levels through intersectoral action","Background: The process of working together across sectors to improve health and to influence its determinants is often referred to as intersectoral action for health. The Liverpool Active City strategy and action plan were launched in 2005, bringing together partners from diverse sectors such as education, transport, and civil society to boost levels of physical activity among the city's residents. Methods: The research material was based on semistructured interviews with key stakeholders and on review and analysis of gray literature and media reports. A case-study method was used to analyze the experience. Results: The results show that Liverpool Active City succeeded in boosting levels of physical activity among the city's residents and demonstrate how intersectoral action benefited the goals of the program and promoted common aims. Conclusions: Important lessons can be drawn from the experience of Liverpool Active City for public health professionals and policy makers. Success factors include the involvement of a broad range of agencies from a variety of sectors, which reinforced the sense of partnership in the physical activity agenda and supported the implementation of activities. The experience also demonstrated how intersectoral action brought benefits to the physical activity goals of Liverpool Active City. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.","y","Journal of Physical Activity and Health","Scopus","Journal Article","Physcial activity promotion",1,29,2,"intersectorial active city strategy",7,"intersector collaboration",2,0,0,"Liverpool",112,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T524,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Liverpool"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T524,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLiverpool",3,3,1]
["Li, B.; Huikuri, S.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, W.",2015,"Motivating intersectoral collaboration with the Hygienic City Campaign in Jingchang, China","Intersectoral collaboration is important for policy implementation. However, effective collaboration may be difficult to achieve because of poor internal drive to collaborate, disagreements on framing the problem, institutional constraints and poor leadership. This article examines how competitive campaigns stimulate intersectoral collaboration in the context of healthy urban planning. We examine the case of the Creating Hygienic City Campaign in Jingchang, China from 2006 to 2011, illustrating how the city resorted to intersectoral collaboration to achieve the multiple targets and thus improved public and environmental hygiene. The paper argues that a competitive campaign, when well-organized, can overcome some of the barriers to intersectoral collaboration by building a campaign organization team, legitimizing the leadership, and enhancing public awareness and involvement. The article also suggests that the campaign approach in its current form failed to involve local authorities in setting the targets and was unable to sustain certain efforts. © 2015 International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)","y","Environment and Urbanization","Scopus","Journal Article","Public health",1,0,2,"hygeinic city campaign",1,"intersectorial working - collaboration",2,0,0,"Jingchang,",104,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T525,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Jinchang"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T525,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaJinchang",5,4,0]
["Cantor, J.; Torres, A.; Abrams, C.; Elbel, B.",2015,"Five years later: Awareness Of New York City's calorie labels declined, with no changes in calories purchased","To follow up on a previous study that examined how the mandated displaying of calorie information on menu boards in fast-food restaurants in New York City influenced consumers' behavior, we analyzed itemized cash register receipts and survey responses from 7,699 consumers at four fast-food chains. Using a difference-in-differences study design, we found that consumers exposed to menu labeling immediately after the mandate took effect in 2008 and at three points in 2013-14 reported seeing and using the information more often than their counterparts at fast-food restaurants without menu labeling. In each successive period of data collection, the percentage of respondents noticing and using the information declined, while remaining above the prelabeling baseline. There were no statistically significant changes over time in levels of calories or other nutrients purchased or in the frequency of visits to fast-food restaurants. Menu labeling at fast-food chain restaurants, which the Affordable Care Act requires to be implemented nationwide in 2016, remains an unproven strategy for improving the nutritional quality of consumer food choices at the population level. Additional policy efforts that go beyond labeling and possibly alter labeling to increase its impact must be considered. © 2015 Project HOPE-The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.","y","Health Affairs","Scopus","Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"calorie labelling in fast food outlets",2,"regulation",4,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T526,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T526,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Hardy, A. K.; Nevin-Woods, C.; Proud, S.; Brownson, R. C.",2015,"Promoting evidence-based decision making in a local health department, Pueblo city-County, Colorado","Background: Evidence-based decision making (EBDM) is an effective strategy for addressing population health needs. Assessing and reducing barriers to using EBDM in local health departments may improve practice and provide insight into disseminating EBDM principles among public health practitioners. Community Context: Administrative leaders at the Pueblo City-County Health Department, Pueblo, Colorado, used a systematic approach for implementing EBDM. Research partners engaged staff to understand factors that increase or deter its use. Methods: A survey was distributed to staff members at baseline to identify gaps in administrative and individual practice of EBDM. In-depth interviews were also conducted with 11 randomly selected staff members. Results were shared with staff and administration, after which activities were implemented to improve application of EBDM. A follow up survey was administered 1 year after the initial assessment. Outcome: Survey data showed evidence of progress in engaging and educating staff members, and data showed improved attitudes toward EBDM (ie, several items showed significant improvement from baseline to follow-up). For example, staff members reported having the necessary skills to develop evidence-based interventions (73.9%), the ability to effectively communicate information on evidence-based strategies to policy makers (63.0%), access to current information on improving EBDM processes (65.2%), and a belief that evidence-based interventions are designed to be selfsustaining (43.5%). Interpretation: Within a local health department in which leaders have made EBDM a priority, addressing the culture and climate of the department may build EBDM. Future research may provide insight into tailoring EBDM within and across local health departments.","y","Preventing Chronic Disease","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"evidence based decision making",1,"Research",5,0,0,"Pueblo city",164,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T527,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Pueblo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T527,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPueblo",1,1,0]
["Asai, M.; Tanaka, T.; Kozu, R.; Kitagawa, C.; Tabusadani, M.; Senjyu, H.",2015,"Effect of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) intervention on COPD awareness in a regional city in Japan","Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on COPD awareness in a regional city in Japan. Methods Self-administered questionnaires were completed by the residents of the city of Matsuura, Japan. Residents (≥50 years) of the mainland in Matsuura were included in a COPD intervention project (mainland group), while residents of the islands district received no intervention due to geographical issues (island group). The rates of COPD awareness and accuracy of responses to the questions about COPD were compared between the two groups. Materials: The study included 5,891 residents 40 to 74 years of age of Matsuura in 2013. The mainland group comprised 4,419 subjects, and the island group 1,472 included subjects. Results: The overall response rate to the questionnaire was 24.6%, with similar response rates between the two groups. The rate of COPD awareness in the mainland group was 24.5%, which was significantly higher than that observed in the island group (11.8%) (p<0.01). The rate of awareness tended to decrease in association with increasing age. Among 276 responders who stated they were aware of COPD, the accuracy rate for responses to the questions about COPD was not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: In the present study, there was a difference in COPD awareness between the two groups, suggesting that COPD interventions may increase awareness of the disease. However, the level of knowledge regarding COPD remained low and modifications to the intervention are required to improve awareness of the condition, especially among elderly subjects. © 2015 The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine. All rights reserved.","y","Internal Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","COPD",1,31,2,"intervention to raise awareness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Matsuura",126,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T528,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Matsuura"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T528,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"japan"},"japanMatsuura",35,4,1]
["Allen, S. T.; Ruiz, M. S.; O'Rourke, A.",2015,"The evidence does not speak for itself: The role of research evidence in shaping policy change for the implementation of publicly funded syringe exchange programs in three US cities","Background: A breadth of literature exists that explores the utilization of research evidence in policy change processes. From this work, a number of studies suggest research evidence is applied to change processes by policy change stakeholders primarily through instrumental, conceptual, and/or symbolic applications, or is not used at all. Despite the expansiveness of research on policy change processes, a deficit exists in understanding the role of research evidence during change processes related to the implementation of structural interventions for HIV prevention among injection drug users (IDU). This study examined the role of research evidence in policy change processes for the implementation of publicly funded syringe exchange services in three US cities: Baltimore, MD, Philadelphia, PA, and Washington, DC. Methods: In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with key stakeholders (n= 29) from each of the study cities. Stakeholders were asked about the historical, social, political, and scientific contexts in their city during the policy change process. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for common themes pertaining to applications of research evidence. Results: In Baltimore and Philadelphia, the typological approaches (instrumental and symbolic/conceptual, respectively) to the applications of research evidence used by harm reduction proponents contributed to the momentum for securing policy change for the implementation of syringe exchange services. Applications of research evidence were less successful in DC because policymakers had differing ideas about the implications of syringe exchange program implementation and because opponents of policy change used evidence incorrectly or not at all in policy change discussions. Conclusion: Typological applications of research evidence are useful for understanding policy change processes, but their efficacy falls short when sociopolitical factors complicate legislative processes. Advocates for harm reduction may benefit from understanding how to effectively integrate research evidence into policy change processes in ways that confront the myriad of factors that influence policy change. © 2015 The Authors.","y","International Journal of Drug Policy","Scopus","Journal Article","HIV prevention",2,2,1,"Needle exchange programme",3,"policy",1,0,0,"Baltimore, MD, Philadelphia, PA, and Washington, DC. ",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T529,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T529,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Moscato, U.; Poscia, A.",2015,"Urban public health","Urban health, defined as \"the study of the health of urban populations,\" is becoming a great argument in the international research agenda since urbanization, the demographic transition from rural to urban, has become one of the major public health challenges of this century, considering that more than two thirds of the global population will be living in cities by 2050. Urbanization has significant effects on population health: of course, it can and should be beneficial for health as urban areas can provide healthy living and working environment and concentrate opportunities, jobs, services, and technologies; it is testified by the improvements over the past 50 years in mortality and morbidity in highly urbanized countries, other than by the direct correlation between urbanization and richness. However, there are several economic, social, and environmental determinants which could have a great negative impact on health in urban areas; for example, inequities and poverty (between and within cities) with increasing number of people living in slums; infectious diseases, exacerbated by poor living and working conditions, chronic, noncommunicable diseases linked to lifestyles in cities, road traffic, and accidents; violence and crime; air pollution; and climate change. To avoid these threats and turn every urban area into a \"healthy city,\" it is important to promote the urban health knowledge and spread the existing best practices: healthy cities integrate health considerations into urban planning, processes, strategic programs, and policies but anticipate also implications of the climate changes and public health emergencies to support health, recreation and well-being, safety, social interaction, easy mobility, and the sense of pride and cultural identity. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","Urban health ",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,0,0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T530,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T530,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Cyrys, J.; Peters, A.; Soentgen, J.; Gu, J.; Wichmann, H. E.",2015,"Low emission zones","Low Emission Zones (LEZs) were implemented as a measure for improving air quality of ambient air, especially in cities where the European limit values for PM&lt;inf&gt;10&lt;/inf&gt; (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter &lt; 10 µm) were exceeded. Up to now 48 LEZs were introduced in Germany (by the end of 2014); however they differ significantly from city to city regarding size, implementation time and strictness of regulation. In general, the vehicles are identified by windscreen badges in a coloured code which is directly linked to the corresponding stages of European emission standards. In other European countries LEZs (or other measures such as Congestion Charge Zones) have been also implemented; however, there are no uniform regulations for LEZs in the different EU member states. The effects of LEZs on the air quality have already been investigated by dispersion modeling or increasingly also by analysis of PM&lt;inf&gt;10&lt;/inf&gt; measurement values. While initially inconsistent results were reported due to short time series of PM&lt;inf&gt;10&lt;/inf&gt; measurements, recent studies show a clear trend. In sufficiently large and strictly regulated LEZs a reduction of PM&lt;inf&gt;10&lt;/inf&gt; concentration between 5 and 10[%] (at traffic site partially above 10[%]) can be expected. The reduction of PM&lt;inf&gt;10&lt;/inf&gt; levels is in general more pronounced for the summer season compared to the winter season. In winter, additional particle sources (such as domestic heating, wood combustion, re-suspended dust due to the application of road salt for deicing) contribute significantly to the PM&lt;inf&gt;10&lt;/inf&gt; mass concentrations and consequently a measure regulating vehicle exhaust particles only becomes less effective. It has been shown that air pollutants which are emitted mainly by traffic and especially by diesel cars (elemental carbon (EC), diesel soot, ultrafine particles, PM&lt;inf&gt;2.5&lt;/inf&gt;) are more affected by the implementation of LEZs. After the implementation of LEZ in Munich the average concentration of EC emitted by traffic decreased by 50[%]. In Berlin the diesel particle emissions were reduced by 63[%] compared to a business-as-usual scenario. The limit values for PM&lt;inf&gt;10&lt;/inf&gt; were introduced in 2005 mainly due to the adverse health effects of fine particles on respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The most health-relevant PM&lt;inf&gt;10&lt;/inf&gt; particle fraction consists mainly of traffic related particles and here especially of diesel soot particles. Therefore, the German regulations for LEZs promote using of diesel particulate filter (DPF) in diesel cars. Unfortunately, the evaluation of the LEZ effects is mostly restricted to PM&lt;inf&gt;10&lt;/inf&gt;, a particle fraction containing on average only 20[%] of exhaust related particles. A 10[%] reduction of PM&lt;inf&gt;10&lt;/inf&gt; should lead to a reduction of the toxic and health-relevant diesel soot fraction by 50[%], which was already reported for some &quot;efficient&quot; LEZs. This means at the same time that the benefit of LEZs on human health is far greater than is presently visible from routine measurements of PM&lt;inf&gt;10&lt;/inf&gt;. Overall, the results show that LEZs are proving successful as a measure for air pollution control when they are large enough and only few exemptions are granted. They decrease not only PM&lt;inf&gt;10&lt;/inf&gt; but, to a much higher degree, the health-relevant components (such as diesel soot) contained in PM&lt;inf&gt;10&lt;/inf&gt;. Therefore, the benefit of the LEZs could be much better estimated by additional monitoring of diesel soot and elemental carbon in PM&lt;inf&gt;10&lt;/inf&gt;.","y","Umweltmedizin in Forschung und Praxis","Scopus","Journal Article","Lowering carbon emissions",1,16,2,"low emission zones",2,"policy",1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T531,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T531,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Nakamura, P. M.; Papini, C. B.; Teixeira, I. P.; Chiyoda, A.; Luciano, E.; Cordeira, K. L.; Kokubun, E.",2015,"Effect on physical fitness of a 10-year physical activity intervention in primary health care settings","Background: Interventions in primary health care settings have been effective in increasing physical fitness. In 2001, the Programa de Exercício Físico em Unidades de Saúde (Physical Exercise in Health Primary Care Program-PEHPCP) was launched in Rio Claro City, Brazil. The intervention consisted of biweekly, 60-minute group sessions in all primary health care settings in the city. This study evaluated the effect of PEHPCP on physical fitness and on the aging process after a decade of ongoing implementation. Methods: There were 409 women (50 ± 26 y old) and 31 men (64 ± 10 y old) who were eligible for this study. Every 4 months, participants completed the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance standardized tests. Results: Program participation was associated with a reduced effect, compared with baseline, of the natural decline of physical fitness caused by aging, as represented by changes in the following measures: coordination test time, -0.44 seconds; agility and dynamic balance test time; -1.81 seconds; aerobic capacity test time, 3.57 seconds; and muscle strength exercises, +0.60 repetitions. No significant effect on flexibility was found. Conclusions: The PEHPCP showed potential in improving muscle strength, coordination, aerobic capacity, and agility and dynamic balance in participants and in maintaining flexibility in participants.","y","Journal of Physical Activity and Health","Scopus","Journal Article","Increasing physcial fitness",1,29,2,"physical activity intervention in primary health care settings",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Rio Claro",176,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T532,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rio Claro"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T532,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilRio Claro",14,2,1]
["Tsouros, A. D.",2015,"Twenty-seven years of the WHO European Healthy Cities movement: A sustainable movement for change and innovation at the local level",null,"y","Health Promotion International","Scopus","Journal Article","NCD",1,0,2,"WHO Healty Cities",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"none stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T533,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T533,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Walsh, C. C.; Taggart, M.; Freedman, D. A.; Trapl, E. S.; Borawski, E. A.",2015,"The Cleveland-Cuyahoga county food policy coalition: \"We have evolved\"","Several pieces of legislation passed in Cleveland, Ohio, from 2007 to 2011, focused on improving the city's food environment through urban agriculture initiatives. We used qualitative, case study methods, including interviews with 7 key informants, to examine the policy development process and investigate the role of the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Food Policy Coalition in developing and implementing 4 pieces of legislation. In this article, we focus on 2 pieces of legislation: zoning designation of an urban garden and allowance of small farm animals and bees on residential property. Five key themes emerged: impetus for policy came from community needs; education and raising awareness helped mitigate barriers; a cultural shift took place among policy makers; social connections and individual champions were needed; and concerns over food access and health influenced policy decisions. Legislative actions are important tools to influence the nutrition environment, as long as they are based on local needs and context.","y","Preventing Chronic Disease","Scopus","Journal Article","Food environment",1,28,2,"legislation to improve the food environment ",2,"legislation / policy",4,1,0,"Cleveland",51,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T534,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Cleveland"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T534,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCleveland",1,1,0]
["Sadler, R. C.; Arku, G.; Gilliland, J. A.",2015,"Local food networks as catalysts for food policy change to improve health and build the economy","Local food networks (LFNs) are growing in popularity, in part as a response to broader criticisms of conventional food production. Municipal policy-makers have the opportunity to work with stakeholders to build LFNs to increase access to healthy foods in cities and ultimately improve population health and well-being. Building opportunities for healthy eating is particularly important in our study area. Flint, Michigan, is a post-industrial shrinking city suffering from the economic and health effects of deindustrialisation. Various stakeholders in Flint have responded to a significant issue with access to food by strengthening collaborations through a food policy council (FPC). Growth in the local food system has been supported by administrators and community advocates alike, through supporting community gardens, farmers' markets, and urban agriculture in a manner similar to nearby Detroit. Participant observation was conducted with stakeholders involved in the development of the LFN and the FPC in Flint. Stakeholders were exposed to existing research on the food system to help inform their policy direction. The group expressed several core concerns and prospects for future work, including a strong emphasis on consensus-based decision-making. Based on the synthesis of stakeholder opinions, policy recommendations are made to aid in continued planning of the LFN. Planning for food is an important first step in improving public health and strengthening local economic development in post-industrial cities. This research highlights the issue by making explicit the challenges and opportunities for policy advocacy in LFNs. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.","y","Local Environment","Scopus","Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"Local food networks",1,"policy and collaboration",1,2,0,"Flint",72,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T535,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Flint"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T535,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaFlint",1,1,0]
["Hopkins, R. S.",2015,"Planning the greenspaces of nineteenth-century Paris","In the second half of the nineteenth century, state and municipal governments oversaw the explosive growth of public parks, squares, and gardens throughout the city of Paris. In Planning the Greenspaces of Nineteenth-Century Paris, Richard S. Hopkins skillfully weaves together social and cultural history to argue that the expansion of these greenspaces served as more than simple urban embellishment. Rather, they provided an essential component of the Second Empire’s efforts to transform and revitalize France’s capital city, and their development continued well into the Third Republic. Hopkins brings a new dimension to the study of nineteenth-century Parisian urbanism by considering the parks and squares of Paris from multiple perspectives: The reformers who advocated for them, the planners who constructed them, the workers who maintained them, and the neighborhood residents who used them. As public areas over which private citizens felt a high degree of ownership, these spaces offered a unique opportunity for collaboration between city officials and residents. Hopkins examines the national and municipal goals for the greenspaces, their intended contributions to public health, and the roles of park service employees and neighborhood groups in their ongoing centrality to Parisian life. Hopkins’s study moves deftly from the aspirations of the political authorities to the ways in which new public spaces contributed to community-building and neighborhood identity. Drawing on extensive archival research, he depicts a greenspace design and development process that illustrates the dynamic relationship between citizens and city. © 2015 by Louisiana State University Press. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","Greenspaces",1,36,2,"History of green space development in Paris",1,"policy",1,0,0,"Paris",161,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T536,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Paris"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T536,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"france"},"franceParis",27,3,0]
["Choucair, B.; Bhatt, J.; Mansour, R.",2015,"A bright future: Innovation transforming public health in Chicago","Big cities continue to be centers for innovative solutions and services. Governments are quickly identifying opportunities to take advantage of this energy and revolutionize the means by which they deliver services to the public. The governmental public health sector is rapidly evolving in this respect, and Chicago is an emerging example of some of the changes to come. Governments are gradually adopting innovative informatics and big data tools and strategies, led by pioneering jurisdictions that are piecing together the standards, policy frameworks, and leadership structures fundamental to effective analytics use. They give an enticing glimpse of the technology's potential and a sense of the challenges that stand in the way. This is a rapidly evolving environment, and cities can work with partners to capitalize on the innovative energies of civic tech communities, health care systems, and emerging markets to introduce new methods to solve old problems. © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health.","y","Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","Scopus","Journal Article","Big data/ tech in public health policy",1,35,2,"Looking at use of big data in public health",4,"Health Department",5,0,0,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T537,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T537,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",1,1,0]
["Reeve, B.; Ashe, M.; Farias, R.; Gostin, L.",2015,"State and municipal innovations in obesity policy: Why localities remain a necessary laboratory for innovation","Municipal and state governments are surging ahead in obesity prevention, providing a testing ground for innovative policies and shifting social norms in the process. Though high-profile measures such as New York City's soda portion rule attract significant media attention, we catalog the broader array of initiatives in less-known localities. Local innovation advances prevention policy, but faces legal and political constraints-constitutional challenges, preemption, charges of paternalism, lack of evidence, and widening health inequalities. These arguments can bemet with astute framing, empirical evidence, and policy design, enabling local governments to remain at the forefront in transforming obesogenic environments.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","Obesity",1,1,2,"laws and policies to counteract obesogenic environment",2,"policy",1,4,2,"Various (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T538,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T538,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Young, S.; Patterson, L.; Wolff, M.; Greer, Y.; Wynne, N.",2015,"Empowerment, Leadership, and Sustainability in a Faith-Based Partnership to Improve Health","Community-based participatory research is a noted approach for improving community health and reducing health disparities. Community partnerships can serve as a catalyst for change in public health efforts. This article will apply empowerment theory and sustainability principles to an existing faith-based partnership. BRANCH Out is a partnership among 13 African American churches, the City of Milwaukee Health Department—Community Nutrition, and the Medical College of Wisconsin. The partnership goal was to change inaccurate perceptions, knowledge and negative attitudes, and behaviors about chronic disease and promote healthy youth leadership. Faith-based empowerment can occur at the individual, organizational, and community level. BRANCH Out demonstrates how partnerships can be sustained in multiple ways. The partnership also highlights the unique contributions of churches to community health outcomes. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.","y","Journal of Religion and Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Branch Out' programe to improve knowledge and perception of chronic diseases",1,"health department and collaboration",5,2,0,"Milwaukee",132,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T539,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Milwaukee"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T539,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaMilwaukee",1,1,0]
["White-Newsome, J. L.; McCormick, S.; Sampson, N.; Buxton, M. A.; O'Neill, M. S.; Gronlund, C. J.; Catalano, L.; Conlon, K. C.; Parker, E. A.",2014,"Strategies to reduce the harmful effects of extreme heat events: A four-city study","Extreme heat events (EHEs) are becoming more intense, more frequent and longer lasting in the 21st century. These events can disproportionately impact the health of low-income, minority, and urban populations. To better understand heat-related intervention strategies used by four U.S. cities, we conducted 73 semi-structured interviews with government and non-governmental organization leaders representing public health, general social services, emergency management, meteorology, and the environmental planning sectors in Detroit, MI; New York City, NY; Philadelphia, PA and Phoenix, AZ-cities selected for their diverse demographics, climates, and climate adaptation strategies. We identified activities these leaders used to reduce the harmful effects of heat for residents in their city, as well as the obstacles they faced and the approaches they used to evaluate these efforts. Local leaders provided a description of how local context (e.g., climate, governance and city structure) impacted heat preparedness. Despite the differences among study cities, political will and resource access were critical to driving heat-health related programming. Upon completion of our interviews, we convened leaders in each city to discuss these findings and their ongoing efforts through day-long workshops. Our findings and the recommendations that emerged from these workshops could inform other local or national efforts towards preventing heat-related morbidity and mortality. © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y","International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","Extreme heat events impact on health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"4 US Cities (Detroit, MI; New York City, NY; Philadelphia, PA and Phoenix, AZ)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T540,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T540,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Neal, M. B.; DeLaTorre, A. K.; Carder, P. C.",2014,"Age-Friendly Portland: A University-City-Community Partnership","This article addresses the question of how creating an age-friendly city has come to be an important policy and planning issue in Portland, Oregon. In 2006, researchers from Portland State University's Institute on Aging examined the meanings of age friendliness among a broad range of participants in Portland, Oregon. The research was conducted in conjunction with the World Health Organization's (WHO) Age-Friendly Cities project and followed the completion of two earlier non-WHO-related projects. The city of Portland, through the Institute on Aging, was one of nine original members to apply for and be accepted into the WHO Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities. An Age-Friendly Portland Advisory Council was formed to guide the development of an action plan, monitor progress over time, and suggest additional research. To understand how Portland's age-friendly policy effort has developed over time, we use Kingdon's (1984) agenda-setting framework to explain how the policy problem was formulated, how solutions were developed, and the influence of local politics. The policy actors, including individuals and organizations working within and outside of government, are described. The Portland experience provides a case study that other cities, especially those with a strong commitment to community-engaged urban planning, may find useful as they develop age-friendly initiatives. © 2014 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.","y","Journal of Aging and Social Policy","Scopus","Journal Article","Ageing well",1,0,2,"Action plan to improve ageing well",7,"policy",1,0,0,"Portland",167,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T541,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Portland"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T541,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPortland",1,1,0]
["Crixell, S. H.; Friedman, B. J.; Fisher, D. T.; Biediger-Friedman, L.",2014,"Improving children's menus in community restaurants: Best food for families, infants, and toddlers (Best food fits) intervention, South Central Texas, 2010-2014","Background: Approximately 32% of US children are overweight or obese. Restaurant and fast food meals contribute 18% of daily calories for children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years. Changing children's menus may improve their diets. This case study describes Best Food for Families, Infants, and Toddlers (Best Food FITS), a community- based intervention designed to address childhood obesity. The objective of this study was to improve San Marcos children's access to healthy diets through partnerships with local restaurants, removing sugar-sweetened beverages, decreasing the number of energy-dense entrées, and increasing fruit and vegetable offerings on restaurant menus. Community Context: San Marcos, Texas, the fastest growing US city, has more restaurants and fewer grocery stores than other Texas cities. San Marcos's population is diverse; 37.8% of residents and 70.3% of children are Hispanic. Overweight and obesity rates among school children exceed 50%; 40.3% of children live below the poverty level. Methods: This project received funding from the Texas Department of State Health Services Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Prevention Program to develop Best Food FITS. The case study consisted of developing a brand, engaging community stakeholders, reviewing existing children's menus in local restaurants, administering owner-manager surveys, collaborating with restaurants to improve menus, and assessing the process and outcomes of the intervention. Outcome: Best Food FITS regularly participated in citywide health events and funded the construction of a teaching kitchen in a new community building where regular nutrition classes are held. Sixteen independent restaurants and 1 chain restaurant implemented new menus. Interpretation: Improving menus in restaurants can be a simple step toward changing children's food habits. The approach taken in this case study can be adapted to other communities. Minimal funding would be needed to facilitate development of promotional items to support brand recognition.","y","Preventing Chronic Disease","Scopus","Journal Article","Obesity",1,1,2,"Best Food for Families, Infants, and Toddlers (Best Food FITS), a community- based intervention designed to address childhood ",7,"state funded partnership programme",8,2,0,"San Marcos",188,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T542,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Marcos"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T542,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Marcos",1,1,1]
["Sekhobo, J. P.; Edmunds, L. S.; Dalenius, K.; Jernigan, J.; Davis, C. F.; Giddings, M.; Lesesne, C.; Khan, L. K.",2014,"Neighborhood disparities in prevalence of childhood obesity among low-income children before and after implementation of New York City child care regulations","Introduction: New York City Article 47 regulations, implemented in 2007, require licensed child care centers to improve the nutrition, physical activity, and television-viewing behaviors of enrolled children. To supplement an evaluation of the Article 47 regulations, we conducted an exploratory ecologic study to examine changes in childhood obesity prevalence among low-income preschool children enrolled in the Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in New York City neighborhoods with or without a district public health office. We conducted the study 3 years before (from 2004 through 2006) and after (from 2008 through 2010) the implementation of the regulations in 2007. Methods: We used an ecologic, time-trend analysis to compare 3-year cumulative obesity prevalence among WIC-enrolled preschool children during 2004 to 2006 and 2008 to 2010. Outcome data were obtained from the New York State component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System. Results: Early childhood obesity prevalence declined in all study neighborhoods from 2004-2006 to 2008-2010. The greatest decline occurred in Manhattan high-risk neighborhoods where obesity prevalence decreased from 18.6% in 2004-2006 to 15.3% in 2008-2010. The results showed a narrowing of the gap in obesity prevalence between high-risk and low-risk neighborhoods in Manhattan and the Bronx, but not in Brooklyn. Conclusion: The reductions in early childhood obesity prevalence in some high-risk and low-risk neighborhoods in New York City suggest that progress was made in reducing health disparities during the years just before and after implementation of the 2007 regulations. Future research should consider the built environment and markers of differential exposure to known interventions and policies related to childhood obesity prevention.","n ","Preventing Chronic Disease","duplicative","Journal Article","choldhood obesity",1,1,2,"Article 47 regulations -  required child care centers to improve the nutrition, physical activity, and television-viewing behaviors of enrolled children",2,"City Health Department",4,5,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T543,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T543,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Ardalan, D.; Kaburagi, T.",2014,"The walkability indicator: A case study of the city of Boulder, Colorado","Walkability is a measurement of the quality of pedestrian space. The purpose of this work was to create an indicator of walkability and find evidence that improving walkability will alter the distribution of pedestrian traffic in the area. Theories of walkability assume that pedestrian demand is elastic and design interventions will increase the number of pedestrians, thus encouraging active transportation improving public health while discouraging use of automobiles. This concept describes urban planners' ability to increase pedestrian traffic by improving walkability in the built environment. For this research, Walkability scores were collected for streets and pedestrian paths within the study area. The scores were input to GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and analyzed to produce a walking experience map from a sample origin point. Several design scenarios were tested by changing segment scores and comparing the results to existing conditions. Results suggest that walkability and pedestrian demand is not necessarily elastic. When walkability is improved, it alters the distribution of likely pedestrian traffic rather than increase the total number. This finding describes a scenario where specific design interventions will pull pedestrians from other areas rather than increase pedestrian traffic overall. © Common Ground, Tsuyoshi Kaburagi, Daryoosh Ardalan, All Rights Reserved.","y","International Journal of Environmental Sustainability","Scopus","Journal Article","Active travel/ walking",1,10,2,"modelign to Improve walkability of the city",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Boulder",24,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T544,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Boulder"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T544,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaBoulder",1,1,0]
["Cyrys, J.; Peters, A.; Soentgen, J.; Wichmann, H. E.",2014,"Low emission zones reduce PM10 mass concentrations and diesel soot in German cities","In many European cities mass concentrations of PM10 (particles less than 10 μm in size) are still exceeding air quality standards as set by the European Commission in 1999. As a consequence, many cities introduced low emission zones (LEZs) to improve air quality and to meet the limit values. In Germany currently 48 LEZs are in operation. By means of dispersion modeling, PM10 concentrations were estimated to decrease up to 10%. Analysis of PM10 levels conducted for Cologne, Berlin, and Munich some time after the LEZs were introduced showed reduction of PM10 mass concentration in the estimated range. The PM10 particle fraction is, however, composed of particles with varying toxicity, of which diesel soot is highly health relevant. An evaluation of air quality data conducted in Berlin showed that in 2010 traffic-related soot concentrations measured along major roads decreased by 52% compared to 2007. Diesel particle emissions in Berlin were reduced in 2012 by 63% compared to a business-as-usual scenario (reference year 2007). A strong reduction of the traffic-related particle fraction of PM2.5 was also reported for Munich. Therefore, it is likely that the effects of LEZs are considerably more significant to human health than was anticipated when only considering the reduction of PM10 mass concentrations. The implementation of low emission zones in German cities might result in a reduction of PM10 levels concentrations by up to 10%. However, it is difficult to show a reduction of PM10 annual averages in this order of magnitude as meteorology has a large impact on the year-to-year variation of PM mass concentrations. Monitoring of other PM metrics such as black smoke (BS) or elemental carbon (EC) might be a better strategy for evaluating LEZs effects. The benefit of low emission zones on human health is far greater than is presently visible from routine measurements of PM10. © 2014 Copyright © 2014 A&amp;WMA.","y","Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association","Scopus","Journal Article","Lowering carbon emissions",1,16,2,"low emission zones",2,"regulation / law",4,1,0,"German Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T545,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T545,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",28,3,0]
["Lessard, L.; Lesesne, C.; Kakietek, J.; Breck, A.; Jernigan, J.; Dunn, L.; Nonas, C.; O'Dell, S. A.; Stephens, R. L.; Xu, Y.; Khan, L. K.",2014,"Measurement of compliance with New York City's regulations on beverages, physical activity, and screen time in early child care centers","Introduction: Policy interventions designed to change the nutrition environment and increase physical activity in child care centers are becoming more common, but an understanding of the implementation of these interventions is yet to be developed. The objective of this study was to explore the extent and consistency of compliance with a policy intervention designed to promote nutrition and physical activity among licensed child care centers in New York City. Methods: We used a multimethod cross-sectional approach and 2 independent components of data collection (Center Evaluation Component and Classroom Evaluation Component). The methods were designed to evaluate the impact of regulations on beverages served, physical activity, and screen time at child care centers. We calculated compliance scores for each evaluation component and each regulation and percentage agreement between compliance in the center and classroom components. Results: Compliance with certain requirements of the beverage regulations was high and fairly consistent between components, whereas compliance with the physical activity regulation varied according to the data collection component. Compliance with the regulation on amount and content of screen time was high and consistent. Conclusion: Compliance with the physical activity regulation may be a more fluid, day-to-day issue, whereas compliance with the regulations on beverages and television viewing may be easier to control at the center level. Multiple indicators over multiple time points may provide a more complete picture of compliance - especially in the assessment of compliance with physical activity policies.","y","Preventing Chronic Disease","Scopus","Journal Article","childhood obesity",1,1,2,"Article 47 regulations -  required child care centers to improve the nutrition, physical activity, and television-viewing behaviors of enrolled children",2,"city health department",4,5,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T546,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T546,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Nonas, C.; Silver, L. D.; Khan, L. K.; Leviton, L.",2014,"Rationale for New York City's regulations on nutrition, physical activity, and screen time in early child Care centers","Childhood obesity is associated with health risks in childhood, and it increases the risk of adult obesity, which is associated with many chronic diseases. Therefore, implementing policies that may prevent obesity at young ages is important. In 2007, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene implemented new regulations for early childhood centers to increase physical activity, limit screen time, and provide healthful beverage offerings (ie, restrict sugar-sweetened beverages for all children, restrict whole milk for those older than 2 years, restrict juice to beverages that are 100% juice and limit serving of juice to only 6 ounces per day, and make water available and accessible at all times). This article explains why these amendments to the Health Code were created, how information about these changes was disseminated, and what training programs were used to help ensure implementation, particularly in high-need neighborhoods.","n","duplicate","Scopus","Journal Article","childhood obesity",1,1,2,"Article 47 regulations -  required child care centers to improve the nutrition, physical activity, and television-viewing behaviors of enrolled children",1,"city health department",4,5,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T547,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T547,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Rose Gasner, M.; Fuld, J.; Drobnik, A.; Varma, J. K.",2014,"Legal and policy barriers to sharing data between public health programs in New York City: A case study","Integration of public health surveillance data within health departments is important for public health activities and costefficient coordination of care. Access to and use of surveillance data are governed by public health law and by agency confidentiality and security policies. In New York City, we examined public health laws and agency policies for data sharing across HIV, sexually transmitted disease, tuberculosis, and viral hepatitis surveillance programs. We found that recent changes to state laws provide greater opportunities for data sharing but that agency policies must be updated because they limit increased data integration. Our case study can help other health departments conduct similar reviews of laws and policies to increase data sharing and integration of surveillance data.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","Integration of public health surveillance data ",1,35,2,"Integration of public health surveillance data ",4,"health department",5,2,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T548,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T548,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Young, J.; McLellan, B.; Escaf, M.; Dzavik, V.; Michaud, S.; Newton, J.; Newman, E.",2014,"Toronto Heart Attack Collaborative: an administrative model that facilitated a successful city-wide integration initiative","This article provides a description of the administrative model that enabled a city-wide integration effort between Greater Toronto Area hospitals and Toronto Emergency Medical Services in the care of patients within the city of Toronto with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This administrative structure, known as the Toronto Heart Attack Collaborative (THAC), enabled universal 24/7 access to primary percutaneous coronary intervention within Toronto, improving patient efficacy and outcomes. The lessons and administrative enablers from this experience may be useful for regions that are embarking on multi-centre integration efforts. This article presents a five-year perspective on the THAC integration effort. Copyright © 2014 Longwoods Publishing.","y","Healthcare quarterly (Toronto, Ont.)","Scopus","Journal Article","city-wide integration for heart attack patients",2,30,2,"city-wide integration of heart attack care",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Toronto",215,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T549,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Toronto"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T549,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaToronto",2,1,0]
["Dowbor, M.; Houtzager, P. P.",2014,"The Role of Professionals in Policy Reform: Cases from the City Level, São Paulo","A new generation of social policies in Brazil and elsewhere in Latin America are being read by scholars as first and foremost the result of top-down initiatives by state elites and technocrats. This article explores what role, if any, middle-class professionals have played and how this role might be framed in analytical terms. The article examines the trajectory of two of the most important new social programs that target the poor in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: the family health program PSF and Renda Mínima. It compares the city-level reform dynamics that have shaped the trajectory of the programs over 18 years. It finds that networks of reformist middle-class professionals that traverse public and private institutions played a substantial role in the creation and evolution of the new programs. © 2014 University of Miami.","y","Latin American Politics and Society","Scopus","Journal Article","integrated primary care",2,38,2,"integrated primary care (family health program)",3,"policy",1,0,0," São Paulo",182,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T550,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sao Paulo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T550,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSao Paulo",14,2,0]
["Nonas, C.; Silver, L. D.; Khan, L. K.",2014,"Insights and implications for health departments from the evaluation of New York City's regulations on nutrition, physical activity, and screen time in child care centers","In 2006, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, seeking to address the epidemic of childhood obesity, issued new regulations on beverages, physical activity, and screen time in group child care centers. An evaluation was conducted to identify characteristics of New York City child care centers that have implemented these regulations and to examine how varying degrees of implementation affected children's behaviors. This article discusses results of this evaluation and how findings can be useful for other public health agencies. Knowing the characteristics of centers that are more likely to comply can help other jurisdictions identify centers that may need additional support and training. Results indicated that compliance may improve when rules established by governing agencies, national standards, and local regulatory bodies are complementary or additive. Therefore, the establishment of clear standards for obesity prevention for child care providers can be a significant public health achievement.","n","duplicate","Scopus","Journal Article","Child obesity",1,1,2,"Regulations in childcare centres to reduce obesity",1,"city health department",4,5,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T551,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T551,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Song, K. J.; Shin, S. D.; Park, C. B.; Kim, J. Y.; Kim, D. K.; Kim, C. H.; Ha, S. Y.; Eng Hock Ong, M.; Bobrow, B. J.; McNally, B.",2014,"Dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a metropolitan city: A before-after population-based study","Background: The goal of this study was to determine the effects of dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) on outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: All EMS in a metropolitan city with a population of 10 million are dispatched by a single, centralized, and physician-supervised center. Data on patients with adult OHCA with cardiac etiology were collected from the dispatch center registry and from EMS run sheets and hospital medical record review from 2009 to 2011. A standardized DA-CPR protocol (aligned with the 2010 AHA guidelines) we implemented as an intervention in January 2011. The end points were survival to discharge, good neurological outcome, and bystander CPR rate. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to compare between intervention group (2011) and historical control group (2009-2010). Results: Of 8.144 eligible patients, bystander CPR was performed for the patients in 5.7% (148/2600) of cases in 2009, 6.7% (190/2857) in 2010, and 12.4% (334/2686) in 2011 (p < 0.001). The survival to discharge rates was 7.1% (2009), 7.1% (2010), and 9.4% (2011) (p= 0.001). Good neurological outcomes occurred in 2.1% (2009), 2.0% (2010), and 3.6% (2011) of cases (p < 0.001). The adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for survival to discharge compared with 2009 were 1.33 (1.07-1.66) in 2011 and 1.12 (0.89-1.41) in 2010. The adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for good neurological outcomes were 1.67 (1.13-2.45) in 2011 and 1.13 (0.74-1.72) in 2010. Conclusions: An EMS intervention using the DA-CPR protocol was associated with a significant increase in bystander CPR and an improved survival and neurologic outcome after OHCA. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.","y","Resuscitation","Scopus","Journal Article","cardiopulmonary resuscitation ",2,23,2,"dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)",1,"service reform",1,1,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T552,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T552,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,2]
["Ravetz, J.",2014,"Interconnected responses for interconnected problems: Synergistic pathways for sustainable wealth in port cities","Port cities as hubs for trade and exchange show the extremes of rapid growth and catastrophic decline: they show the complex and interconnected problems of change in urban systems, and the challenge of maintaining local 'sustainable wealth' and prosperity. This suggests a transition from a material-focused (mono-valent) local economic development to a prosperity-focused (multi-valent) local integrated development. This paper sets out a method and framework for working with such problems and responses: the 'synergistic' approach to mapping and design of complex systems. This helps to identify alternative development pathways, looking beyond a linear model, to a more synergistic model based on creative collaboration and shared intelligence. This mapping method for local integrated development is demonstrated with two contrasting examples from the UK: an urban regeneration case from Liverpool: and an urban public health programme from Glasgow. © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.","y","International Journal of Global Environmental Issues","Scopus","Journal Article","public health",1,0,2,"public health program",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"glasgow",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T553,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T553,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",50,3,0]
["Silfen, S. L.; Farley, S. M.; Shih, S. C.; Duquaine, D. C.; Ricci, J. M.; Kansagra, S. M.; Edwards, S. M.; Babb, S.; McAfee, T.",2014,"Increases in smoking cessation interventions after a feedback and improvement initiative using electronic health records — 19 community health centers, New York City, October 2010–March 2012",null,"y","Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","Scopus","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"smoking cessation interventions",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T554,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T554,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Becker, L.; Husain, S.; Kudenchuk, P.; Doll, A.; Rea, T.; Eisenberg, M.",2014,"Treatment of cardiac arrest with rapid defibrillation by police in King County, WA","Background. Improving survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is an ongoing challenge for emergency medical services (EMS). Various strategies for shortening the time from collapse to defibrillation have been used, and one is to equip police officers with defibrillators. Objective. We evaluated the programmatic implementation of police defibrillation to determine if such a program could improve the process of care in a high-functioning and mature EMS system. Methods. We conducted a prospective observational study of implementation of a police defibrillation in two police departments in King County, Washington, from March 1, 2010 to March 31, 2012. The program was designed to dispatch police specifically to cases with a high suspicion of cardiac arrest, defined as a patient who was unconscious and not breathing normally. We included all nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest events that occurred prior to EMS arrival and within the city limits of the two cities. We collected both EMS and police dispatch reports to document times of call receipt, dispatch, and arrival of both agencies. We obtained rhythm recordings when the automated external defibrillators (AEDs) were used by the police. Descriptive statistics were used to measure frequency of police dispatch and to compare times to treatment between patients with a police response and those without. Results. During the study period there were 231 cases of cardiac arrest that occurred prior to EMS arrival eligible for police response in the study communities. Police were dispatched to 124 (54%) of these cases. Of the 124, the police arrived before EMS 37 times, or 16% of the 231 cases. Police performed CPR in 29 of these cases and applied the AED in 21 of them. Of the 21 cases in which the AED was applied for cardiac arrest, a shock was delivered on first analysis for 6 patients. Although the response interval between dispatch to scene arrival was similar for EMS and police (4.5 minutes versus 4.6 minutes respectively, p = 0.08), police were dispatched considerably slower than EMS (1.8 minutes versus 0.6 minutes, p < 0.001). Conclusions. In the current programmatic implementation, police had a measurable but limited involvement in resuscitation. Efforts to address dispatch challenges may improve police involvement. © 2014 National Association of EMS Physicians.","y","Prehospital Emergency Care","Scopus","Journal Article","Cardiac arrest",2,18,2,"Treatment of cardiac arrest with rapid defibrillation ",1,"servcie reform",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T555,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T555,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Vos, J.; Wagenaar, H.",2014,"The Münchhausen Movement: Improving the Coordination of Social Services Through the Creation of a Social Movement","In February 2006 a group of social service executives in the Dutch city of Rotterdam founded what they called the Münchhausen Movement. This movement is an initiative to improve collaboration between public institutions that service vulnerable members of society, such as the homeless, addicts, people with mental health impairments, and frequent recidivists. The members of the Münchhausen Movement explicitly refer to their collaboration as a \"Movement.\" This is a new concept in the world of multiagency collaboration. Coordination of social services is generally seen in terms of public management, organizational innovation, citizenship, or a relational, interpretive effort. This study aims to demonstrate that the concept of a social movement is a useful perspective for understanding and promoting multiagency coordination. This concept is elaborated by using the methods of grounded theory to unravel the initiators of the Münchhausen Movement's central ideas, values, and practices. This case study results in a critical evaluation of the added value of social movements for multiagency coordination between public institutions., It analyzes the mechanisms, such as trust building, realizing small, but highly visible successes, and value articulation, by which collaboration is achieved. It concludes with the finding that a social movement can contribute to cultural change in fragmented organizational fields and to the enhancement of the density and effectiveness of the professional networks of representatives of the involved organizations but that further dissemination of the movement's principles and modes of action is essential for its wider success. © The Author(s) 2012.","y","American Review of Public Administration","Scopus","Journal Article","Multi agency working",1,46,2,"collaboration to improve health and care",7,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Rotterdam",173,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T556,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rotterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T556,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsRotterdam",30,3,0]
["Amirsadri, A.; Mischel, E.; Haddad, L.; Tancer, M.; Arfken, C. L.",2014,"Intervention to Reduce Inpatient Psychiatric Admission in a Metropolitan City","When psychiatric hospitalization is over-used, it represents a financial drain and failure of care. We evaluated implementation and cessation of transporting people medically certified for psychiatric hospitalization to a central psychiatric emergency service for management and re-evaluation of hospitalization need. After implementation, the hospitalization rate declined 89 % for 346 transported patients; only four of the nonhospitalized patients presented in crisis again in the next 30 days. Following cessation, the hospitalization rate jumped 59 % compared to the preceding year. Costs declined 78.7 % per diverted patient. The findings indicate that it is possible to reduce hospitalization and costs, and maintain quality care. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.","y","Community Mental Health Journal","Scopus","Journal Article","Psychiatric quality of care and admission avoidance",2,25,2,"Reducing Inpatient Psychiatric Admissions",3,"service refrom",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T557,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T557,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,2]
["Koning, M.; Kopp, P.",2014,"Are bicycles good for Paris?","In 2001, the newly elected Paris mayor started to implement an active probicycle policy, mainly based on investments in bike paths and on the launching of a bike rental system in July 2007 (Vélibs). This article aims at appraising such a public policy by measuring its welfare impact, expressed as the Net Present Value (NPV) of the overall changes generated over 2007-2010. Faster bikes perform more kilometres in Paris. Some people shift from cars, buses, and subway to bikes and Vélibs. Switching from a passive mode of transportation to bicycle has a positive health impact. The amounts of C02, local pollutants, noise and congestion externalities generated by each mode are also changing. By contrast, the speed of car is slightly reduced, partially because of a narrowed road capacity. Public finance is affected by the change in fiscal revenues collected whereas the bike rental system's operator (Decaux) realizes some profits. Finally, the pro-bicycle policy has an initial investment cost and a residual value. All these changes are calculated and computed in a same monetary unit. This policy is (slightly) beneficial for society (a total NPV of +136 M€) even if the cost for public finance (-704 M€) is close to the bikers' benefit (+859 M€). Velibers are highly subsidized by the city. This policy is also working at the expense of the cars' drivers (- 286 M€) while positive externalities are not very important (+101 M€) and Decaux's profits are moderated (+166 M€). Several sensitivity analyses are conducted to identify the key drivers of the policy's success. © 2014, Gruppo Editoriale Internazionale SRL. All rights reserved.","y","International Journal of Transport Economics","Scopus","Journal Article","Active travel/ cycling",1,10,2,"promoted cycling (bike lanes and hire bikes)",2,"Policy and research",1,0,1,"Paris",161,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T558,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Paris"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T558,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"france"},"franceParis",27,3,1]
["Korfmacher, K. S.; Garrison, V.",2014,"Partnering to reduce environmental hazards through a community-based \"healthy home museum\": Education for action","Home environmental hazards can pose health threats, particularly to low-income children living in substandard housing. National agencies urge integrated treatment of such hazards; locally, however, home hazard reduction is often managed issue-by-issue. Helping diverse local groups understand the sources, health impacts, and solutions to home hazards is a critical first step toward action. Rochester's Healthy Home was a hands-on museum operated by a community-university partnership from 2006-2009 with the goal of supporting community members' and groups' efforts to address key environmental health hazards in high-risk housing. A secondary goal was to build connections between interest groups, government, and academic stakeholders to advance systems changes in support of environmental justice. Rochester's Healthy Home educated nearly 3,500 visitors about reducing home environmental hazards, served as a focal point for community action, and integrated over 30 local groups into the Healthy Home Partnership, which continues to meet regularly. Over 75% of visitors reported taking an action to improve their home's health following their visit. This hands-on and action-oriented training model generated attention and interest in replication in other cities. This collaboration showed that a collaboratively operated, interactive \"healthy home museum\" can build residents' capacity to reduce home health hazards while changing local policies and practices to sustainably promote healthier homes. Copyright © 2014, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","y","Environmental Justice","Scopus","Journal Article","Home environmental hazards",1,44,2,"healthy homes initiative' - a hands on 'museum' to educate attendess on potential health hazards/risk at home ",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Rochester",174,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T559,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rochester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T559,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaRochester",3,3,1]
["Jones-Webb, R.; Nelson, T.; McKee, P.; Toomey, T.",2014,"An implementation model to increase the effectiveness of alcohol control policies","Purpose. Public policies that reduce the availability of alcohol in communities can reduce consumption and related harms. In this article, we propose a practical model to guide alcohol policy implementation. Approach. The conceptual model is informed by a case study of three U.S. cities that adopted restrictions on high-alcohol malt liquor sales. Setting. The three cities included Seattle, Washington; Santa Ana, California; and Washington, D.C. Participants. Participants (n = 39) represented neighborhood groups, city officials, local police, Alcohol Beverage Control (board members and enforcement personnel), alcohol retailers, alcohol industry representatives, and advocacy and service organizations. Method. We conducted key informant interviews with participants in each city. We coded and analyzed the data by using a grounded theory approach. Findings were used to identify and illustrate model components. Results. Implementation components include building public awareness and educating stakeholders, monitoring and enforcing compliance, evaluating process and outcomes, and institutionalizing the policy. The experiences of study cities illustrate the importance of these activities in maintaining policy effectiveness; for example, a lack of enforcement resources appeared to contribute to the erosion of compliance over time. Conclusion. The model addresses an important gap in alcohol policy research. It is intended to spur further research on the subject, provide a guide for policy practitioners, and ultimately improve the long-term effectiveness of alcohol control policies. (Am J Health Promot 2014;28[5]: 328-335.) © 2014 by American Journal of Health Promotion, Inc.","y","American Journal of Health Promotion","Scopus","Journal Article","Alcohol misuse",1,13,2,"alcohol control policies",2,"policy",1,0,0,"3 USA Cities (Seattle, Washington; Santa Ana, California; and Washington, D.C.",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T560,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T560,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Klein, D.; Rapp, K.; Küpper, M.; Becker, C.; Fischer, T.; Büchele, G.; Benzinger, P.",2014,"A population-based intervention for the prevention of falls and fractures in home dwelling people 65 years and older in South Germany: Protocol","Background: Falls and fall-related injuries pose a major threat to older peoples' health, and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In the course of demographic changes, development and implementation of fall prevention strategies have been recognized as an urgent public health challenge. Various risk factors for falls and a number of effective interventions have been recognized. A substantial proportion of falls occur for people who are neither frail nor at high risk. Therefore, population-based approaches reaching the entire older population are needed. Objective: The objective of the study presented is the development, implementation, and evaluation of a population-based intervention for the prevention of falls and fall-related injuries in a medium sized city in Germany. Methods: The study is designed as a population-based approach. The intervention community is a mid sized city named Reutlingen in southern Germany with a population of 112,700 people. All community dwelling inhabitants 65 years and older are addressed. There are two main measures that are defined: (1) increase of overall physical activity, and (2) reduction of modifiable risk factors for falls such as deficits in strength and balance, home and environmental hazards, impaired vision, unsafe footwear, and improper use of assistive devices. The implementation strategies are developed in a participatory community planning process. These might include, for example, training of professionals and volunteers, improved availability of exercise classes, and education and raising awareness via newspaper, radio, or lectures. Results: The study starts in September 2010 and ends in December 2013. It is evaluated primarily by process evaluation as well as by telephone survey. Conclusions: Physical activity as a key message entails multiple positive effects with benefits on a range of geriatric symptoms. The strength of the design is the development of implementation strategies in a participatory community planning. The problems that we anticipate are the dependency on the stakeholders' willingness to participate, and the difficulty of evaluating population-based programs by hard end points. © Holly O Witteman.","y","Journal of Medical Internet Research","Scopus","Journal Article","falls and fractures in older people ",1,0,2,"interventions to  reduce falls in elderly",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Reutlingen",177,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T561,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Reutlingen"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T561,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyReutlingen",28,3,0]
["Dean, B. B.; Kindermann, S. L.; Carson, T.; Gavin, J.; Frerking, M.; Bergren, M. D.",2014,"Healthe Kids: An Assessment of Program Performance and Participation","Many states in the United States have mandated school health screenings for early identification and referral to professional services for a set of health conditions. Healthe Kids, a community-based program, began offering school-based health screenings to Missouri elementary schools in March 2007. The purpose of the article is to provide a description of the Healthe Kids program, including the team members, screening process, and the program’s underlying technology. Further, we present data gathered during the first 5 years of the Healthe Kids program in Kansas City, Missouri, and describe improvements to the program from lessons learned and implications to school nurses and health care delivery. © The Author(s) 2014.","y","Journal of School Nursing","Scopus","Journal Article","Child health",1,0,2,"Healthe Kids, a community-based child health program in schools",1,"service reform",3,0,0,"Kansas City",101,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T562,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kansas City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T562,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaKansas City",1,1,0]
["Mehdipanah, R.; Rodríguez-Sanz, M.; Malmusi, D.; Muntaner, C.; Díez, E.; Bartoll, X.; Borrell, C.",2014,"The effects of an urban renewal project on health and health inequalities: A quasi-experimental study in Barcelona","Background: In the last decade, the Neighbourhoods Law in Catalonia (Spain) funded municipalities that presented urban renewal projects within disadvantaged neighbourhoods focusing on physical, social and economic improvements. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of this law on the health and health inequalities of residents in the intervened neighbourhoods in the city of Barcelona. Methods A quasi-experimental predesign and postdesign was used to compare adult residents in five intervened neighbourhoods with eight non-intervened comparison neighbourhoods with similar socioeconomic characteristics. The Barcelona Health Survey was used for studying self-rated and mental health in pre (2001, 2006) and post (2011) years. Poisson regression models stratified by sex were used to compute prevalence ratios comparing 2011 with 2006, and later stratified by social class, to study health inequalities. Results: The intervened neighbourhoods had a significant decrease in poor self-rated health in both sexes while no significant changes occurred in the comparison group. When stratified by social class, a significant improvement was observed in poor self-rated health in the manual group of the intervened neighbourhoods in both sexes, resulting in a decrease in self-rated health inequalities. Similar results were observed in poor mental health of women, while in men, poor mental health worsens in both neighbourhood groups but mostly in the comparison group. Conclusions: The Neighbourhoods Law had a positive effect on self-rated health and seems to prevent poor mental health increases in both sexes and especially among manual social classes.","y","Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","Scopus","Journal Article","social determinants of health",1,3,2,"neighbourhood law - physical, socail and economic improvemetns",2,"state funded",8,4,0,"Barcelona",13,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T563,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Barcelona"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T563,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainBarcelona",4,3,1]
["Araz, O. M.; Bentley, D.; Muelleman, R. L.",2014,"Using Google Flu Trends data in forecasting influenza-like-illness related ED visits in Omaha, Nebraska","Introduction: Emergency department (ED) visits increase during the influenza seasons. It is essential to identify statistically significant correlates in order to develop an accurate forecasting model for ED visits. Forecasting influenza-like-illness (ILI)-related ED visits can significantly help in developing robust resource management strategies at the EDs. Methods: We first performed correlation analyses to understand temporal correlations between several predictors of ILI-related ED visits. We used the data available for Douglas County, the biggest county in Nebraska, for Omaha, the biggest city in the state, and for a major hospital in Omaha. The data set included total and positive influenza test results from the hospital (ie, Antigen rapid (Ag) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV) tests); an Internet-based influenza surveillance system data, that is, Google Flu Trends, for both Nebraska and Omaha; total ED visits in Douglas County attributable to ILI; and ILI surveillance network data for Douglas County and Nebraska as the predictors and data for the hospital's ILI-related ED visits as the dependent variable. We used Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average and Holt Winters methods with3 linear regression models to forecast ILI-related ED visits at the hospital and evaluated model performances by comparing the root means square errors (RMSEs). Results: Because of strong positive correlations with ILI-related ED visits between 2008 and 2012, we validated the use of Google Flu Trends data as a predictor in an ED influenza surveillance tool. Of the 5 forecasting models we have tested, linear regression models performed significantly better when Google Flu Trends data were included as a predictor. Regression models including Google Flu Trends data as a predictor variable have lower RMSE, and the lowest is achieved when all other variables are also included in the model in our forecasting experiments for the first 5 weeks of 2013 (with RMSE = 57.61). Conclusions: Google Flu Trends data statistically improve the performance of predicting ILI-related ED visits in Douglas County, and this result can be generalized to other communities. Timely and accurate estimates of ED volume during the influenza season, as well as during pandemic outbreaks, can help hospitals plan their ED resources accordingly and lower their costs by optimizing supplies and staffing and can improve service quality by decreasing ED wait times and overcrowding. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","y","American Journal of Emergency Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","Flu",2,23,2,"Assessing flu trends in ED to match capacity to predicted demand",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Omaha",157,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T564,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Omaha"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T564,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaOmaha",1,1,1]
["Sasson, C.; Haukoos, J. S.; Eigel, B.; Magid, D. J.",2014,"The HANDDS Program: A systematic approach for addressing disparities in the provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation","The current paradigm of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) blankets a community with training. Recently, the authors have found that high-risk neighborhoods can be identified, and CPR training can be targeted in the neighborhoods in which it is most needed. This article presents a novel method and pilot implementation trial for the HANDDS (identifying High Arrest Neighborhoods to Decrease Disparities in Survival) program. The authors also seek to describe example methods in which the HANDDS program is being implemented in Denver, Colorado. The HANDDS program uses a simple three-step approach: identify, implement, and evaluate. This systematic conceptual framework uses qualitative and quantitative methods to 1) identify high-risk neighborhoods, 2) understand common barriers to learning and performing CPR in these neighborhoods, and 3) implement and evaluate a train-the-trainer CPR Anytime intervention designed to improve CPR training in these neighborhoods. The HANDDS program is a systematic approach to implementing a community-based CPR training program. Further research is currently being conducted in four large metropolitan U.S. cities to examine whether the results from the HANDDS program can be successfully replicated in other locations. © 2014 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.","y","Academic Emergency Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","cardiopulmonary resuscitation ",1,30,2,"Implementation of 'HANDDS' (identifying High Arrest Neighbourhoods to Decrease Disparities in Survival) program",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Denver",60,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T565,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Denver"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T565,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaDenver",1,1,0]
["Peñalvo, J. L.; Sotos-Prieto, M.; Santos-Beneit, G.; Pocock, S.; Redondo, J.; Fuster, V.",2013,"The Program SI! intervention for enhancing a healthy lifestyle in preschoolers: First results from a cluster randomized trial","Background: Unhealthy lifestyles contribute to the development of cardiovascular risk factors, whose incidence is increasing among children and adolescents. The Program SI! is a long-term, multi-target behavioral intervention to promote healthy lifestyle habits in children through the school environment. The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of this intervention in its first phase, preschoolers. Methods. Cluster-randomized controlled trial in public schools in the city of Madrid, Spain. A total 24 schools, including 2062 children (3-5 years), 1949 families, and 125 teachers participated in the study. Schools were assigned to their usual school curriculum or to engage in an additional multi-component intervention (Program SI!). The primary outcome of this trial is 1-school year changes from baseline in scores for children's knowledge, attitudes and habits (KAH). Secondary outcomes are 1-school year changes from baseline in scores for knowledge, attitudes, and habits among parents, teachers, and the school environment. Results: After 1-school year, our results indicate that the Program SI! intervention increases children's KAH scores, both overall (3.45, 95% CI, 1.84-5.05) and component-specific (Diet: 0.93, 95% CI, 0.12-1.75; Physical activity: 1.93, 95% CI, 1.17-2.69; Human body: 0.65, 95% CI, 0.07-1.24) score. Conclusions: The Program SI! is demonstrated as an effective and feasible strategy for increasing knowledge and improving lifestyle attitudes and habits among very young children. Trial registration. NCT01579708, Evaluation of the Program SI! for Preschool Education: A School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial (Preschool-SI!). © 2013 Peñalvo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.","y","BMC Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","Child health",1,0,2,"School based child health interventions",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Madrid",123,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T566,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Madrid"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T566,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainMadrid",4,3,1]
["Híjar, M.; Pérez-Núñez, R.; Santoyo-Castillo, D.; Lunnen, J. C.; Chandran, A.; Celis, A.; Carmona-Lozano, S.",2013,"Attitude change in youths after being exposed to different road safety interventions in two Mexican cities","Objective To assess the reach of three different types of road safety interventions (social marketing, education and law enforcement) implemented as part of the Iniciativa Mexicana de Seguridad Vial y Prevención de Lesiones en el Tránsito (Mexican Initiative for Road Safety and the Prevention of Road Traffic Injuries) among youth in two Mexican cities (Guadalajara-Zapopan, Jalisco and León, Guanajuato), and to examine students' self-reported attitude change after being exposed to these interventions. Methods A cross-sectional design was utilized to evaluate the reach of the city-wide interventions among a random sample of public and private high school and college students from October to December 2011. A total of 5,114 students completed a self-administered questionnaire. Results In both cities, students reported a greater exposure to social marketing (73% in Guadalajara-Zapopan and 64% in León) as compared to educational interventions (29.3% in León and 21.6% in Guadalajara-Zapopan) and law enforcement activities (∼12% in both). Among respondents, self-reported attitude change was higher after being exposed to educational interventions than law enforcement. Social marketing yielded the lowest prevalence of self-reported attitude change. Discussion Our results show a potential moderate impact, measured as self-reported attitude change, resulting from the three intervention approaches under study. Future studies should address the intensity of exposure as well as the translation of attitude change into safer behaviors. Information generated by this study could be useful for local authorities in the intervention areas to inform their activities. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.","y","Injury","Scopus","Journal Article","Road safety",1,44,2,"Road safety interventions with children",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Guadalajara-Zapopan, Jalisco and León, Guanajuato",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T567,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T567,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",37,2,1]
["Thornton, R. L. J.; Greiner, A.; Fichtenberg, C. M.; Feingold, B. J.; Ellen, J. M.; Jennings, J. M.",2013,"Achieving a healthy zoning policy in baltimore: Results of a health impact assessment of the transform baltimore zoning code rewrite","Objectives. The social determinants of health (SDH) include factors apart from genes and biology that affect population health. Zoning is an urban planning tool that influences neighborhood built environments. We describe the methods and results of a health impact assessment (HIA) of a rezoning effort in Baltimore, Maryland, called TransForm Baltimore. We highlight findings specific to physical activity, violent crime, and obesity. Methods. We conducted a multistage HIA of TransForm Baltimore using HIA practice guidelines. Key informant interviews identified focus areas for the quantitative assessment. A literature review and a zoning code analysis evaluated potential impacts on neighborhood factors including physical activity, violent crime, and obesity. We estimated potential impacts in high- and low-poverty neighborhoods. The findings resulted in recommendations to improve the health-promoting potential of TransForm Baltimore. Results. Mixed-use and transit-oriented development were key goals of TransForm Baltimore. Health impacts identified by stakeholders included walkability and healthy communities. For Baltimore residents, we estimated that (1) the percentage of people living in districts allowing mixed-use and off-premise alcohol outlets would nearly triple, (2) 18% would live in transit-oriented development zones, and (3) all residents would live in districts with new lighting and landscaping guidelines. Limiting the concentration of off-premise alcohol outlets represented an opportunity to address health promotion. Conclusions. Changes to Baltimore's zoning code could improve population health including decreasing violent crime. HIAs are an important platform for applying SDH to public health practice. This HIA specifically linked municipal zoning policy with promoting healthier neighborhoods. © 2013 Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health.","y","Public Health Reports","Scopus","Journal Article","social determinants of health/ zoning laws",1,3,2,"health impact assessment (HIA) of a rezoning effort in Baltimore, Maryland, called TransForm Baltimore",1,"policy",1,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T568,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T568,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Webster, P.; Sanderson, D.",2013,"Healthy cities indicators-a suitable instrument to measure health?","The evidence-base for a health strategy should include information on the determinants of health and how they link together if it is to influence the health of the population. The WHO European Healthy Cities Network developed a set of 53 healthy city indicators (HCIs), to describe the health of its citizens and capture a range of local initiatives addressing the wider dimensions of health. This was the first systematic effort to collect and analyze a range of data from European cities. The analysis provided important insights into the interpretation, availability, and feasibility of collecting data, resulting in the development of a revised set of 32 indicators with improved definitions. An analysis of the revised indicators showed that this data was more complete and feasible to collect. It provided useful information to cities contributing to developing a description of health and thus helping to identify health problems. It also highlighted issues about the importance of collecting qualitative as well as quantitative data, the number of indicators and the appropriateness of using the indicators to compare different cities. HCIs facilitated the collection of routinely available health data in a systematic manner. The introduction of HCIs has encouraged cities to adopt a structured process of collecting information on the health of their citizens and build on this information by collecting appropriate local data for developing a city health profile to underpin a city health plan that would set out strategies and interventions to improve health and provide the evidence-base for health plans. © 2012 The New York Academy of Medicine.","y","Journal of Urban Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy city indicators (HCIs",4,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T569,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T569,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,3,0]
["Young, C. R.; Aquilante, J. L.; Solomon, S.; Colby, L.; Kawinzi, M. A.; Uy, N.; Mallya, G.",2013,"Improving fruit and vegetable consumption among low-income customers at farmers markets: Philly food bucks, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2011","Introduction We evaluated whether Philly Food Bucks, a bonus incentive program at farmers markets, is associated with increased fruit and vegetable consumption and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) sales at farmers markets in low-income areas. Methods A convenience sample of 662 customers at 22 farmers markets in low-income neighborhoods in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was surveyed via face-to-face interviews. Questions addressed shopping characteristics, self-reported change in fruit and vegetable consumption, whether customers tried new fruits or vegetables, use of Philly Food Bucks, and demographic information. Market-level SNAP sales and Philly Food Bucks redemption data were also collected to monitor sales patterns. Results Philly Food Bucks users were significantly more likely than nonusers to report increasing fruit and vegetable consumption (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6-3.7; P < -OOl) and to report trying new fruits or vegetables (OR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7; P = .006). At the market level, average SNAP sales more than doubled at farmers markets in low-income areas in the first 2 years of the Philly Food Bucks program. At the city's largest farmers market in a low-income area, the program was associated with an almost 5-fold higher increase in annual SNAP sales compared with baseline. Conclusion Results from this study demonstrate that a bonus incentive program tied to SNAP was associated with self-reported increases in fruit and vegetable consumption and increased SNAP sales at participating farmers markets in low-income communities. More research is warranted to evaluate the long-term impact of bonus incentives on farmers market use, dietary behaviors, and health outcomes.","y","Preventing Chronic Disease","Scopus","Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"farmers markets and incentives to increase the intake of fruit and veg among disadvantaged communities (Philly Food Bucks)",2,"SNAP program",8,0,0,"Philadelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T570,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T570,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,1]
["Tanaka, Y.; Yamada, H.; Tamasaku, S.; Inaba, H.",2013,"The fast emergency vehicle pre-emption system improved the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","Purposes Ambulance response time is a major factor associated with survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs); the fast emergency vehicle pre-emption system (FAST™) aids response time by controlling traffic signals. This eight-year observational study investigated whether FAST™ implementation reduced response times and improved OHCA outcomes. Methods Data was prospectively collected from 1161 OHCAs that were not witnessed by emergency medical technicians from April 1, 2003, to March 31, 2011. The study took place in Kanazawa city, where ambulances without FAST™ (non-FAST™- equipped) were being progressively replaced by new FAST™-equipped ambulances. OHCA data, including the response times recorded in seconds, were collected and compared between the FAST™-equipped and non-FAST™- equipped ambulances. OHCA outcomes were subsequently compared in the subgroup of OHCAs managed by emergency medical technicians without tracheal intubation or epinephrine administration. The primary end-point of this study was one-year (1-Y) survival. Results The median response time significantly differed between the FAST™-equipped and non-FAST™-equipped groups at 327 and 381 s, respectively. The 1-Y survival rates were 7.0% in the FAST™-equipped group and 2.8% in the non-FAST™-equipped group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the dispatch of a FAST™-equipped ambulance was an independent factor for 1-Y survival (adjusted odds ratio = 3.077, 95% confidence interval = 1.180-9.350). Conclusions The FAST™ implementation significantly reduced ambulance response times and improved OHCA outcomes in Kanazawa city. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.","y","American Journal of Emergency Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","Ambulance response times for cardiac arrest",2,18,2,"Reducing ambulance response times by controlling traffic lights",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Kanazawa",105,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T571,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kanazawa"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T571,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"japan"},"japanKanazawa",35,4,2]
["Gostin, L. O.",2013,"Bloomberg's Health Legacy: Urban Innovator or Meddling Nanny?","Michael Bloomberg assumed office as the 108th mayor of New York City on January 1, 2002. As he leaves the mayoralty-having won re-election twice-his public health legacy is bitterly contested. The public health community views him as an urban innovator-a rare political and business leader willing to fight for a built environment conducive to healthier, safer lifestyles. To his detractors, Bloomberg epitomizes a meddling nanny-an elitist dictating to largely poor and working-class people about how they ought to lead their lives. His policies have sparked intense public, corporate, and political ire-critical of sweeping mayoral power to socially engineer the city and its inhabitants. Here, I seek to show how Bloomberg has fundamentally changed public health policy and discourse. He has used the engine of government to make New York City a laboratory for innovation-raising the visibility of public health, testing policy effectiveness, and probing the boundaries of state power. Even though the courts have blocked some of his boldest initiatives, he has offered a paradigm for the \"new public health\"-reaching beyond infectious diseases to upstream risk factors in everyday life and the human habitat. I also critically probe various arguments designed to derail his policies, along with the overarching charge of unjustified paternalism. © 2013 by The Hastings Center.","y","Hastings Center Report","Scopus","Journal Article","Public health policy ",1,0,2,"Assessing public health policy under Mayor Bloomberg",7,"Mayor",1,0,1,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T572,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T572,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Giraldo-Rodrĺguez, L.; Torres-Castro, S.; Martĺnez-Ramĺrez, D.; Gutiérrez-Robledo, L. M.; Pérez-Cuevas, R.",2013,"Tele-care and tele-alarms for the elderly: Preliminary experiences in Mexico","OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of a pilot program of tele-assistance and tele-alarms on the elderly's self-perception of health status and to identify the satisfaction with and acceptance of the program. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included interviews with 378 elderly individuals, 294 caretakers/relatives and 53 health care professionals. The program was run in Mexico City in 2010. The variables were socio-demographic characteristics, self-rated health, satisfaction and acceptance of the program. The information was gathered through a standardized questionnaire. The statistical analysis included descriptive analysis and nonparametric tests. RESULTS: Significant effects on self-perception of health were observed, 6.17 (SD 17.9 p < 0.05) points above the average. The program was well received and accepted by the elderly, family caregivers and health professionals. CONCLUSIONS: The program helps to maintain or improve quality of life, allows preventive care and is an ideal means of providing psychosocial support to the elderly.","y","Revista de Saude Publica","Scopus","Journal Article","Telehealh in elderly",2,40,2,"tele-assistance and tele-alarms for the the elderly's ",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"Mexico city",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T573,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T573,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,2,1]
["Roberts, D.; Clark, H.; Rock, B. L.",2013,"Development and implementation of a regional intensive care health service model","Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of a healthcare service redesign. Before 1998, five community hospitals in Winnipeg each managed their intensive care units (ICUs) independently, providing virtually no access to patients in rural and remote regions of the province of Manitoba; and two tertiary university affiliated hospitals were left with insufficient intensive care beds to service the rest of the provincial population in addition to their tertiary service responsibilities. The authors resolved to create a city-wide integrated critical care services model, in order to improve patient access, quality of care and cost effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach: A population demand analysis was performed and service objectives were defined. A gap analysis became the basis of an integrated service model design and an implementation plan was formulated. Findings: Beds were redistributed among community hospital ICUs to match available nursing resources. A credentialing process was developed to establish medical competency for attending physicians. A central bed registry and a referral triage system were implemented, to ensure that any Manitoban requiring an ICU admission acquired an appropriate bed in a timely manner. A regional computerized critical care database was introduced to all ICUs. The total number of beds was reduced from 92 to 84 and total occupancy fell from 65 to 58. The new model was entirely funded from bed reductions. Originality/value: This paper describes the integration of a group of hospital-based ICUs into a regional service delivery model developed to meet the needs of a provincial population. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.","y","Leadership in Health Services","Scopus","Journal Article","intensive care",2,39,2,"ICU redesign - a city-wide integrated critical care services model",3,"service redesign",3,0,0,"Winnipeg",233,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T574,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Winnipeg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T574,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaWinnipeg",2,1,1]
["Nikku, B. R.; Pokhrel, R.",2013,"Crafting child-friendly cities: Evidence from biratnagar sub-metropolitan city, Eastern Nepal","Our cities are increasingly becoming the sites where children socialize, observe, and learn how society functions and many local and global activities have impacted children's health and well-being. The Child-friendly Cities initiative, launched by the United Nations Children's Fund and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in 1996, draws in diverse stakeholders to place children at the center of the urban agenda. Based on social work research, this article analyzes the acclaimed status of Biratnagar Sub-metropolitan city, Eastern Nepal, as a child-friendly city. Despite its efforts, the city of Biratnagar is yet to meet the required criteria to claim itself as a child-friendly city. Further improvements by the city administration in achieving children's participation in decision-making, child-friendly legal environment, and code of conduct are essential. Based on the evidence, the authors advocate for bottom-up approaches that include children's voices and their real participation in city governance and a strong political will to craft child-friendly cities, not as a policy rhetoric but for real. Enabling children to fulfill their potential as equal participants in crafting child-friendly cities will require adults to relinquish some of their hegemonic powers of decision-making on behalf of children. © 2013 The Author Asian Social Work and Policy Review © 2013 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.","y","Asian Social Work and Policy Review","Scopus","Journal Article","Child health",1,0,2,"Promoting child health in cities through The Child-friendly Cities initiative",1,"United Nations Children's Fund and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme",10,1,0,"Biratnagar",17,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T575,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Biratnagar"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T575,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"nepal"},"nepalBiratnagar",39,4,0]
["Soin, K.; Tan, A.",2013,"WINGS (Women's Initiative for Ageing Successfully)-A New Asian Model to Help Women Age Well","WINGS (Women's Initiative for Ageing Successfully) was conceived in 2005 and launched in 2006 by a group of female activists in Singapore after local research suggested that women in the city-state were growing older, sicker, poorer, more disabled, and more isolated. The WINGS model aims to empower women aged 40 and older to have a holistic view of ageing which encompasses good health (health), financial security (wealth), and societal engagement (happiness). As of 2011, WINGS has more than 5,000 members, and is piloting new programs (WINGS Action Groups) that use a peer mentoring model and focus on behaviour change. Ongoing challenges for the organization include a very heterogeneous target population and operational concerns related to a young non-profit organization. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.","y","Ageing International","Scopus","Journal Article","Ageing well/ womens health",1,0,2,"Programme to promote women to age well",1,"activists collaboration",2,0,0,"Singapore",198,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T576,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Singapore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T576,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"singapore"},"singaporeSingapore",52,4,0]
["FitzGerald, E. A.; Frasso, R.; Dean, L. T.; Johnson, T. E.; Solomon, S.; Bugos, E.; Mallya, G.; Cannuscio, C. C.",2013,"Community-Generated recommendations regarding the urban nutrition and tobacco environments: A Photo-Elicitation study in Philadelphia","Introduction: Overweight, obesity, and tobacco use are major preventable causes of disability, disease, and death. In 2010, 25% of Philadelphia adults smoked, and 66% were overweight or obese. To address these health threats, the Philadelphia Department of Public Health launched Get Healthy Philly, an initiative to improve the city's nutrition, physical activity, and tobacco environments. The objective of this assessment was to identify residents' perspectives on threats to health and opportunities for change in the local food and tobacco environments. Methods: Participants (N = 48) took photographs to document their concerns regarding Philadelphia's food and tobacco environments and participated in photo-elicitation interviews. We coded photographs and interview transcripts and identified key themes. Results: Participants proposed interventions for nutrition 4 times more often than for tobacco. Participants spontaneously articulated the need for multilevel change consistent with the ecological model of health behavior, including changes to policies (food assistance program provisions to encourage healthful purchases), local and school environments (more healthful corner store inventories and school meals), and individual knowledge and behavior (healthier food purchases). Participants often required interviewer prompting to discuss tobacco, and they suggested interventions including changes in advertising (a local environmental concern) and cigarette taxes (a policy concern). Conclusion: Participants were well versed in the relevance to health of nutrition and physical activity and the need for multilevel interventions. Their responses suggested community readiness for change. In contrast, participants' more limited comments regarding tobacco suggested that prevention and control of tobacco use were perceived as less salient public health concerns.","y","Preventing Chronic Disease","Scopus","Journal Article","Obesity and toboacco",1,1,2,"Get Healthy Philly', an initiative to improve the city's nutrition, physical activity, and tobacco environments. ",1,"Health Department",5,0,0,"Philadelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T577,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T577,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,1]
["Fröding, K.; Geidne, J.; Elander, I.; Eriksson, C.",2013,"Towards sustainable structures for neighbourhood development?: Healthy city research in four Swedish municipalities 2003-2009","Purpose: A vehicle to reduce health inequalities and improve public health has been provided by programmes at a neighbourhood level. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the development processes in four municipalities for achieving sustainable structures in area-based development programmes during and after a formal partnership period. Design/methodology/approach: A case-study database was compiled based on the strategic and local work of four municipalities and four municipal housing companies who cooperated in the Partnership for Sustainable Welfare Development 2003-2009. The case-study database includes nine in-depth studies with interviews (n=68), participant observations (n=125), a survey (n=1,160), and documents. The data are analysed using three theoretical concepts: political support, alliances, and citizen participation. Findings: Political support, alliances, and citizen participation are important building blocks in neighbourhood development work. However, when the partnership ended there was little left that could function as a sustainable structure. Political support seems to be a means to reach the target, including ensuring a consistent approach and allocation of resources. However, the support must continue also after the intervention period, when the formal partnership collaboration ends, otherwise the established structure will soon decompose. Citizen participation is another precondition for a sustainable structure able to continue despite reduced municipal support. Alliances have the best chance of forming sustainable structures when they involve both the strategic and the operational level. Originality/value: Even though many evaluations have been conducted to capture the process of interventions, little attention has been given to the challenges facing the outcomes of the intervention when it comes to making permanent the activities for reducing health inequalities. This paper is an attempt to deal with these challenges. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.","y","Journal of Health, Organisation and Management","Scopus","Journal Article","Health inequalities",1,3,2," area-based development programme to reduce health inequalities",1,"partnership",2,0,0,"numerous",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T578,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T578,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",54,3,0]
["Zieff, S. G.; Hipp, J. A.; Eyler, A. A.; Kim, M. S.",2013,"Ciclovía initiatives: Engaging communities, partners, and policy makers along the route to success","CONTEXT:: Recent efforts to increase physical activity through changes to the built environment have led to strategies and programs that use existing public space, including bicycle lanes, temporary parks, and the ciclovia initiative (scheduled events in which streets are closed to motorized vehicles and opened for recreational activities) popularized in South America. OBJECTIVE:: This article describes and compares the processes and structures involved in developing and implementing a ciclovia-type program in 2 US urban contexts: San Francisco, California, and St Louis, Missouri. Considering the current growth of and interest in ciclovia initiatives, important outcomes, lessons learned are offered for application in other, similar settings. DESIGN:: Primary sources from both initiatives and from published research on ciclovias constitute the body of evidence and include year-end reports, grant applications, meeting minutes, budgets, published ciclovia guidelines, evaluation studies and Web sites, media sources, and interviews and personal communication with the organizers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:: Primary source documents were reviewed and included in this analysis if they offered information on 3 grounded questions: What processes were used in developing the initiative? What are the current structures and practices used in implementation of initiatives? What are important lessons learned and best practices from initiatives for recommendations to stakeholders and policy makers in other contexts? RESULTS:: Among the categories compared, the structures and processes for implementation regarding buy-in and city department collaboration, route selection, programming, partnerships, media promotion, community outreach, and merchant support were relatively similar among the 2 initiatives. The categories that differed included staffing and volunteer engagement and funding. CONCLUSION:: Buy-in from community partners, merchants, residents, and city agencies is critical for a positive experience in developing and implementing ciclovia-type initiatives in urban environments. When funding and staffing are inconsistent or limited, the quality and sustainability of the initiative is less certain. © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.","y","Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","Scopus","Journal Article","Physical actvitiy",1,10,2,"Promoting physical activity through changes in built environment called Ciclovia initiatives",2,"collaboration",2,0,0,"San Francisco and St Louis",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T579,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T579,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Jun, H. J.",2013,"Determinants of Neighborhood Change: A Multilevel Analysis","This study hypothesizes that neighborhood change is produced by interactions of factors at the neighborhood, municipal, and metropolitan scales. I present a multilevel analysis of neighborhood change in 35 metropolitan areas between the years 1990 and 2000. The results show that factors at all three scales are relevant to neighborhood change. While the municipal context has been missing in the literature, this study finds that neighborhoods stay economically healthier in smaller and more homogeneous cities in terms of race/ethnicity and family type. © The Author(s) 2013.","y","Urban Affairs Review","Scopus","Journal Article","Urban health",1,0,2,"Assessing neighborhood change and health",7,"not stated",0,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T580,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T580,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Jori, G.",2013,"The city as an object of medical intervention. The development of urban medicine in Spain during the eighteenth century","The so-called urban medicine is a branch of social medicine developed during the second half of the eighteenth century. This knowledge was interested above everything else in the configuration and management of urban spaces with the aim of improving the overall health. Interventions inspired by urban medicine followed two main lines: eradicate places of rot, considered as focal points of diseases; and control the circulation of water and air, which were seen as two of the most important vehicles for the propagation of the deadliest diseases. This paper examines the debates and major achievements that entailed the implementation of urban medicine in Spain. © Gerard Jori, 2013.","y","Scripta Nova","Scopus","Journal Article","Urban health",1,0,2,"Historical study of urban health discipline in 18th c Spain",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T581,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T581,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",4,3,0]
["Morrow, R. W.; Fletcher, J.; Kelly, K. F.; Shea, L. A.; Spence, M. M.; Sullivan, J. N.; Cerniglia, J. R.; Yang, Y.",2013,"Improving Diabetes Outcomes Using a Web-Based Registry and Interactive Education: A Multisite Collaborative Approach","Introduction: To support the adoption of guideline concordant care by primary care practices, the New York Diabetes Coalition (NYDC) promoted use of an electronic diabetes registry and developed an interactive educational module on using the registry and improving patient communication. The NYDC hypothesized that use of a registry with immediate feedback would achieve measurable and clinically meaningful improvement in the proportion of patients at goal for diabetes health metrics. Research Design and Methods: In 2006-2007, the NYDC recruited 7 small to midsized primary care practices to implement the registry and to receive education and coaching on registry use, practice work flow, and patient engagement. The patient cohort included those with 2 or more visits with a diagnosis of diabetes within a 12-month period. Each patient's health measure status (at goal, above goal, not recorded) was assessed quarterly for hemoglobin A1C, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and blood pressure (BP), and most recent A1C value was noted. A cohort analysis was performed using random effects regression models to assess the impact of the registry over time for each diabetes health metric. Results: After controlling for variability between sites, with each subsequent quarter during the registry period patients were 1.4 times more likely to have A1C ≤ 9, almost twice (OR = 1.8) as likely to have LDL &lt; 100, and 1.3 times more likely to have BP &lt; 140/90. These improvements in compliance were statistically significant. Average A1C also improved over time, though this did not reach statistical significance. Discussion: Utilizing a Web-based registry and interactive education, the project demonstrated improved patient outcomes, as well as the feasibility of collecting aggregate data from unrelated, independent practices. © 2013 The Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health Professions, the Society for Academic Continuing Medical Education, and the Council on CME, Association for Hospital Medical Education.","y","Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions","Scopus","Journal Article","diabetes",2,9,2,"Web-Based Diabetes Registry and Interactive Education",4,"collaboration",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T582,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T582,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},{"$f":"+V582&U582","v":"usaNew York City"},1,1,2]
["Hsieh, H. C.; Hsieh, C. Y.; Lin, C. H.; Sung, P. S.; Li, C. Y.; Chi, C. H.; Chen, C. H.",2013,"Development of an educational program for staffs of emergency medical service to improve their awareness of stroke within 3 hours of symptom onset: A pilot study","Purpose: Timely identification and transport are crucial for the pre-hospital management of stroke by emergency medical service (EMS) providers. In this preliminary study, our aim was to develop an educational program which can improve 1) stroke knowledge and 2) triage accuracy of identifying acute stroke within 3 hours of symptom onset by dedicated EMS providers in Tainan city. Methods: A total of 33 providers received a written test before, immediately after, and 3 months after completing the educational program, which was about stroke knowledge, diagnosis, and management. The test (total score, 39) contained three sections: two on stroke knowledge (consisting of true-false and choice questions) and one on clinical scenarios (situational descriptions and videos). Results: The mean total score improved significantly immediately after the program (34.2 ± 2.2 vs. 37.3 ± 1.7, p<0.001). An increase in mean score was also noted for all three sections. The increase in total score lasted 3 months (36.4 ± 1.9 vs. 34.1 ± 2.2, p=0.002). The linear regression model showed greater improvement on scores correlated with lower pretest total score only, not correlated with age, gender, work year and the learning or working experience. Conclusion: The educational program increased knowledge about stroke and improved the accuracy of triage by dedicated EMS providers. Further investigation is needed to determine the effectiveness of similar educational programs for non-dedicated EMS responders.","y","Acta Neurologica Taiwanica","Scopus","Journal Article","stroke care ",2,19,2,"Educational programme",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Tainan city",216,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T583,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Tainan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T583,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"taiwan"},"taiwanTainan",55,4,1]
["Zhang, H.; Duan, Y.; Wang, J.; Wei, S.; Yu, F.; She, M.",2013,"Community-based peer intervention to reduce HIV risk among men who have sex with men in Sichuan Province, China","This study evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based peer intervention to reduce HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Sichuan province, China. The intervention was based on the Popular Opinion Leader framework, in which respected MSM peer leaders attempted to change MSM community norms related to sexual behavior and HIV risk. The intervention was conducted in a metropolitan city, with a matched city in the same province serving as a comparison. We conducted a baseline survey of HIV risk behaviors with 200 MSM per city, provided the intervention for 12 months in the treatment city, and conducted a post-treatment survey of an independent sample of 200 MSM per city. In the intervention city at post-treatment, we observed reduced unprotected anal intercourse during the last 3 sex episodes with a primary male partner (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.17-0.57), reduced anal intercourse during the last 3 sex episodes with male casual or commercial partners (AOR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.07-0.35), increased condom use during last sex episode with a primary male partner (AOR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.86-5.98), and increased condom use during last sex episode with male casual or commercial partners (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.07-13.41). In the control city at post-treatment, we observed decreased condom use with male casual or commercial partners (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.15-0.99). Findings suggest that a communitybased intervention involving popular opinion leaders can decrease sexual risk behavior among MSM in China. © 2013 The Guilford Press.","y","AIDS Education and Prevention","Scopus","Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,"Community-based peer intervention",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"City in Sichuan province (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T584,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T584,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,4,1]
["Gudes, O.; Kendall, E.; Yigitcanlar, T.; Han, J. H.; Pathak, V.",2013,"Developing a competitive city through healthy decision-making","This chapter investigates the challenges and opportunities associated with planning for a competitive city. The chapter is based on the assumption that a healthy city is a fundamental prerequisite for a competitive city. Thus, it is critical to examine the local determinants of health and factor these into any planning efforts. The main focus of the chapter is on e-health planning by utilising Web-based geographic decision support systems. The proposed novel decision support system would provide a powerful and effective platform for stakeholders to access essential data for decision-making purposes. The chapter also highlights the need for a comprehensive information framework to guide the process of planning for healthy cities. Additionally, it discusses the prospects and constraints of such an approach. In summary, this chapter outlines the potential insights of using an information science-based framework and suggests practical planning methods as part of a broader e-health approach for improving the health characteristics of competitive cities. © 2013 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","health",1,0,2,"e-health planning",4,"Web-based geographic decision support systems",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T585,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T585,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Montgomery, M. R.; Stren, R.; Cohen, B.; Reed, H. E.",2013,"Cities transformed: Demographic change and its implications in the developing world","Over the next 20 years, most low-income countries will, for the first time, become more urban than rural. Understanding demographic trends in the cities of the developing world is critical to those countries - their societies, economies, and environments. The benefits from urbanization cannot be overlooked, but the speed and sheer scale of this transformation presents many challenges. In this uniquely thorough and authoritative volume, 16 of the world“s leading scholars on urban population and development have worked together to produce the most comprehensive and detailed analysis of the changes taking place in cities and their implications and impacts. They focus on population dynamics, social and economic differentiation, fertility and reproductive health, mortality and morbidity, labor force, and urban governance. As many national governments decentralize and devolve their functions, the nature of urban management and governance is undergoing fundamental transformation, with programs in poverty alleviation, health, education, and public services increasingly being deposited in the hands of untested municipal and regional governments. Cities Transformed identifies a new class of policy maker emerging to take up the growing responsibilities. Drawing from a wide variety of data sources, many of them previously inaccessible, this essential text will become the benchmark for all involved in city-level research, policy, planning, and investment decisions. The National Research Council is a private, non-profit institution based in Washington, DC, providing services to the US government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The editors are members of the Council“s Panel on Urban Population Dynamics. © National Academy of Sciences, 2003.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","Challenges of urbanisation",1,0,2,"Analysing change in cities",0,"not stated",7,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T586,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T586,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Prasad, A.; Groot, A. M. M.; Monteiro, T.; Murphy, K.; O'Campo, P.; Broide, E. E.; Kano, M.",2013,"Linking evidence to action on social determinants of health using Urban HEART in the Americas","Objective. To evaluate the experience of select cities in the Americas using the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART) launched by the World Health Organization in 2010 and to determine its utility in supporting government efforts to improve health equity using the social determinants of health (SDH) approach. Methods. The Urban HEART experience was evaluated in four cities from 2010-2013: Guarulhos (Brazil), Toronto (Canada), and Bogotá and Medellín (Colombia). Reports were submitted by Urban HEART teams in each city and supplemented by first-hand accounts of key informants. The analysis considered each city's networks and the resources it used to implement Urban HEART; the process by which each city identified equity gaps and prioritized interventions; and finally, the facilitators and barriers encountered, along with next steps. Results. In three cities, local governments spearheaded the process, while in the fourth (Toronto), academia initiated and led the process. All cities used Urban HEART as a platform to engage multiple stakeholders. Urban HEART's Matrix and Monitor were used to identify equity gaps within cities. While Bogotá and Medellín prioritized among existing interventions, Guarulhos adopted new interventions focused on deprived districts. Actions were taken on intermediate determinants, e.g., health systems access, and structural SDH, e.g., unemployment and human rights. Conclusions. Urban HEART provides local governments with a simple and systematic method for assessing and responding to health inequity. Through the SDH approach, the tool has provided a platform for intersectoral action and community involvement. While some areas of guidance could be strengthened, Urban HEART is a useful tool for directing local action on health inequities, and should be scaled up within the Region of the Americas, building upon current experience.","n","duplicate","Scopus","Journal Article","Health equity",1,8,2,"WHO Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART)",0,"WHO Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART)",10,0,0,"Guarulhos (Brazil), Toronto (Canada), and Bogotá and Medellín (Colombia)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T587,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T587,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Roth-Deubel, A. N.; Molina-Marín, G.",2013,"Public health stewardship and governance regarding the Colombian healthcare system, 2012-2013","Objective Analysing decision-making concerning public health issues regarding the Colombian healthcare system from a market economy-based approach. Methods This study involved applying Glaser and Strauss's grounded theory in six Colombian cities during 2012: Bogotá, Barranquilla, Bucaramanga, Leticia, Medellin and Pasto. 120 individual interviews were conducted with professionals involved in decision-making, running public healthcare programmes and making policy within public and private institutions. Fourteen focus groups were held with community organisation leaders. Results The findings suggested national and municipal health authorities' weak stewardship and ineffective governance regarding public healthcare policy and programmes, related to a lack of staff trained in public health management issues. In turn, this was related to political parties' interference and private insurers' particular interests and the structural fragmentation of functions and actors within the health system, thereby limiting public health development. Conclusions A new axiology is necessary for achieving effective governance (I.e. cooperation between Colombian Healthcare Social Security System actors) to overcome current incompetence and financial self-interest predominating within the Colombian healthcare system.","y","Revista de Salud Publica","Scopus","Journal Article","lack of governance around health improvement",1,0,2,"Analysing decision-making concerning public health issues ",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Bogotá, Barranquilla, Bucaramanga, Leticia, Medellin and Pasto",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T588,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T588,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",6,2,0]
["Shi, Y.; Guo, S.; Bo, F.; Zhang, X.; Cao, W.; Wang, P.",2013,"Impact evaluation of a sexually transmitted disease preventive intervention among female sex workers in Hohhot, China","Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention interventions among female sex workers (FSWs) in the city of Hohhot in northern China. Methods: Three serial cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2006, 2007, and 2008 among FSWs. A questionnaire was administered to the FSWs, and HIV and syphilis tests were performed for all participants. Intervention activities including condom promotion and provision, increased condom availability and accessibility, and voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) were carried out among FSWs. Results: There were 624 participants in the 2006 survey, 444 in the 2007 survey, and 451 in the 2008 survey. The United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) indicators for FSWs increased from 13.9% in 2006 to 37.7% in 2008 (p< 0.001). The average rate of consistent condom use with commercial clients in the month preceding the interview increased significantly from 39.8% in 2006 to 59.6% in 2008 (p<0.001). Not a single HIV-positive case was found among the FSWs over these 3 years, and the prevalence of syphilis decreased remarkably from 9.5% in 2006 to 1.3% in 2008. Logistic regression analysis showed that sauna or hair salon work venues, receiving services from intervention programs, and accepting HIV tests were factors associated with consistent condom use. Conclusions: The findings suggest that consistent condom use and awareness of HIV/AIDS prevention-related knowledge among FSWs have been improved by the intervention. Further prioritized and combined prevention programs aimed at FSWs are needed in order to prevent the HIV/AIDS epidemic spreading in the general population in China. © 2012 International Society for Infectious Diseases.","y","International Journal of Infectious Diseases","Scopus","Journal Article","HIV and sexually transmitted disease",1,2,1,"Intervention activities (not stated)",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Hohhot",93,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T589,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hohhot"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T589,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHohhot",5,4,2]
["Nierkens, V.; Kunst, A. E.; Vries, H. D.; Voorham, T. A. J.; Stronks, K.",2013,"Reach and effectiveness of a community program to reduce smoking among ethnic Turkish residents in Rotterdam, the Netherlands: A quasi-experimental design","Introduction: Community interventions have been considered promising strategies to reduce smoking prevalence among ethnic minority populations. We assessed the reach and effectiveness of a community program targeted at the Turkish population in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Methods: The study had a quasi-experimental design, with 1 pretest and 1 posttest among 18- to 60-year-old Turkish residents in a district in Rotterdam (n = 388 at pretest) and in a comparison area in the city of Utrecht (n =389 at pretest). The surveys included measures of reach and measures of effectiveness. Logistic regression analysis assessed changes in the outcome measures over time, adjusting for sex, age, and educational level. Results: At posttest, more smokers (62.5%) perceived pros of quitting, and 8.2% had quit.Compared with the comparison group, in the intervention group the changes tended to be greater, but differences were not statistically significant. Of all respondents, 61.2% recognized at least 1 program component, and 23.1% participated in at least 1. Conclusions: Based on the greater changes in theintervention group (particularly regarding quit rates and pros of smoking), this community intervention can become a promising strategy. To increase potential effectiveness, participation rates need to increase and interventions should last longer and include smoking-cessation support. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved.","y","Nicotine and Tobacco Research","Scopus","Journal Article","Smoking",1,7,2,"Community interventions to reduce smoking",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Rotterdam",173,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T590,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rotterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T590,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsRotterdam",30,3,1]
["Härter, M.; Kentgens, M.; Brandes, A.; Bock, T.; Dirmaier, J.; Erzberger, M.; Fürstenberg, W.; Hillebrandt, B.; Karow, A.; Von Dem Knesebeck, O.; König, H. H.; Löwe, B.; Meyer, H. J.; Romer, G.; Rouhiainen, T.; Scherer, M.; Thomasius, R.; Watzke, B.; Wegscheider, K.; Lambert, M.",2012,"Rationale and content of psychenet: The hamburg network for mental health","With the public-funded research and development project psychenet: the Hamburg Network for Mental Health (2011-2014), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research contributes to strengthening healthcare regions in Germany by establishing new trans-sectoral cooperations and implement and evaluate selected innovations. More than 60 partners from research, health care, health industry and government in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg are promoting innovative measures to improve the treatment for mental disorders. The main objective is to implement integrated healthcare networks based on evidence for effective treatment methods, deriving from high-quality research throughout five indications such as psychosis, depression, somatoform and functional syndromes, anorexia and bulimia and addiction illnesses in adolescence. Those networks are accompanied by additional measures, for example, for improving information and education, addressing occupational health or strengthening the participation of patients and their families suffering from mental illness. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.","n","duplicate","Scopus","Journal Article","MH",2,25,2," implement integrated healthcare networks",3,"collaboration and national fudning",8,2,2,"Hamburg",84,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T591,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hamburg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T591,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyHamburg",28,3,0]
["Caluza, A. C.; Barbosa, A. H.; Gonçalves, I.; Oliveira, C. A.; Matos, L. N.; Zeefried, C.; Moreno, A. C.; Tarkieltaub, E.; Alves, C. M.; Carvalho, A. C.",2012,"ST-Elevation myocardial infarction network: systematization in 205 cases reduced clinical events in the public health care system","The major cause of death in the city of São Paulo (SP) is cardiac events. At its periphery, in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction is estimated to range between 15% and 20% due to difficulties inherent in large metropoles. To describe in-hospital mortality in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) of patients admitted via ambulance or peripheral hospitals, which are part of a structured training network (STEMI Network). Health care teams of four emergency services (Ermelino Matarazzo, Campo Limpo, Tatuapé and Saboya) of the periphery of the city of São Paulo and advanced ambulances of the Emergency Mobile Health Care Service (abbreviation in Portuguese, SAMU) were trained to use tenecteplase or to refer for primary angioplasty. A central office for electrocardiogram reading was used. After thrombolysis, the patient was sent to a tertiary reference hospital to undergo cardiac catheterization immediately (in case of failed thrombolysis) or in 6 to 24 hours, if the patient was stable. Quantitative and qualitative variables were assessed by use of uni- and multivariate analysis. From January 2010 to June 2011, 205 consecutive patients used the STEMI Network, and the findings were as follows: 87 anterior wall infarctions; 11 left bundle-branch blocks; 14 complete atrioventricular blocks; and 14 resuscitations after initial cardiorespiratory arrest. In-hospital mortality was 6.8% (14 patients), most of which due to cardiogenic shock, one hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident, and one bleeding. The organization in the public health care system of a network for the treatment of STEMI, involving diagnosis, reperfusion, immediate transfer, and tertiary reference hospital, resulted in immediate improvement of STEMI outcomes.","y","Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia","Scopus","Journal Article","heart attack",2,30,2,"STEMi network",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Sau Paulo",182,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T592,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sao Paulo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T592,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSao Paulo",14,2,1]
["Denktaş, S.; Bonsel, G. J.; Van Der Weg, E. J.; Voorham, A. J. J.; Torij, H. W.; De Graaf, J. P.; Wildschut, H. I. J.; Peters, I. A.; Birnie, E.; Steegers, E. A. P.",2012,"An urban perinatal health programme of strategies to improve perinatal health","Promotion of a healthy pregnancy is a top priority of the health care policy in many European countries. Perinatal mortality is an important indicator of the success of this policy. Recently, it was shown that the Netherlands has relatively high perinatal death rates when compared to other European countries. This is in particular true for large cities where perinatal mortality rates are 20-50% higher than elsewhere. Consequently in the Netherlands, there is heated debate on how to tackle these problems. Without the introduction of measures throughout the entire perinatal health care chain, pregnancy outcomes are difficult to improve. With the support of health care professionals, the City of Rotterdam and the Erasmus University Medical Centre have taken the initiative to develop an urban perinatal health programme called 'Ready for a Baby'. The main objective of this municipal 10-year programme is to improve perinatal health and to reduce perinatal mortality in all districts to at least the current national average of 10 per 1000. Key elements are the understanding of the mechanisms of the large health differences between women living in deprived and nondeprived urban areas. Risk guided care, orientation towards shared-care and improvement of collaborations between health care professionals shapes the interventions that are being developed. Major attention is given to the development of methods to improve risk-selection before and during pregnancy and methods to reach low-educated and immigrant groups. © The Author(s) 2011.","n","duplicate","Scopus","Journal Article","perinatal health",1,0,2,"urban perinatal health program",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Rotterdam",173,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T593,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rotterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T593,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsRotterdam",30,3,0]
["Coady, M. H.; Chan, C. A.; Auer, K.; Farley, S. M.; Kilgore, E. A.; Kansagra, S. M.",2012,"Awareness and impact of New York City's graphic point-of-sale tobacco health warning signs","Background: To increase knowledge of smoking-related health risks and provide smoking cessation information at the point of sale, in 2009, New York City required the posting of graphic point-of-sale tobacco health warnings in tobacco retailers. This study is the first to evaluate the impact of such a policy in the USA. Methods: Cross-sectional street-intercept surveys conducted among adult current smokers and recent quitters before and after signage implementation assessed the awareness and impact of the signs. Approximately 10 street-intercept surveys were conducted at each of 50 tobacco retailers in New York City before and after policy implementation. A total of 1007 adults who were either current smokers or recent quitters were surveyed about the awareness and impact of tobacco health warning signs. Multivariate risk ratios (RR) were calculated to estimate awareness and impact of the signs. Results: Most participants (86%) were current smokers, and the sample was 28% AfricaneAmerican, 32% Hispanic/Latino and 27% non-Hispanic white. Awareness of tobacco health warning signs more than doubled after the policy implementation (adjusted RR =2.01, 95% CI 1.74 to 2.33). Signage posting was associated with an 11% increase in the extent to which signs made respondents think about quitting smoking (adjusted RR =1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.22). Conclusions: A policy requiring tobacco retailers to display graphic health warning signs increased awareness of health risks of smoking and stimulated thoughts about quitting smoking. Additional research aimed at evaluating the effect of tobacco control measures in the retail environment is necessary to provide further rationale for implementing these changes and countering legal challenges from the tobacco industry. Copyright Article author (or their employer) 2012.","y","Tobacco Control","Scopus","Journal Article","Smoking",1,7,2,"graphic point-of-sale tobacco health warnings ",2,"DoHMH",1,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T594,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T594,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Dyke, T.",2012,"Policy and politics: Healthy cities are a reality: Old cities with old ideas can offer a future",null,"y","Perspectives in Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","Healthy cities",1,0,2,"policy",0,"policy",1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T595,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T595,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Tester, J. M.; Yen, I. H.; Laraia, B.",2012,"Using mobile fruit vendors to increase access to fresh fruit and vegetables for schoolchildren","This study explored the extent to which schoolchildren purchased precut and bagged fruits and vegetables from a mobile fruit vendor (frutero). During 14 days in fall 2008, a frutero sold fruits and vegetables at the entrance of an elementary school; 59% of the frutero's 233 consumers of 248 items were elementary-school students. With each successive day, an average of 1 additional bag of fruits and vegetables was sold by the frutero and 1.5 fewer nonnutritious foods by a competing vendor. Policies encouraging the sale of nutritious foods from mobile food vendors may increase access for schoolchildren. Objective Mobile food vendors are sometimes found in Hispanic and African American neighborhoods, often where there are few large food outlets (1,2). Since 2008, the Green Carts program in New York City has provided incentives to vendors to sell whole fruits and vegetables in areas that have limited access to such food (3). There is value in exploring public health strategies that encourage the sale of nutritious food by mobile vendors, including such approaches as broadening the zones and locations in which vendors are permitted to sell (4,5). In Oakland, California, mobile vendors known as fruteros sell fresh, precut, and bagged fruit (6-9). Since 2001, these vendors have complied with city regulations and health codes requiring a central kitchen (9). However, local regulations prohibit mobile food vendors - including these fruteros - from selling near schools and parks (10). Such regulations exist in other cities such as Phoenix, Arizona; San Antonio, Texas; San Diego, California; and San Jose, California (4). We are unaware of any school or city policies that encourage improved food access for schoolchildren through mobile vendors. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which schoolchildren purchased fruits and vegetables from a frutero after school. Secondary objectives were to compare frutero sales with those of competing vendors and examine the effect of the frutero on the greater mobile vending environment. Methods We conducted this pilot intervention outside an elementary school campus (kindergarten through 5th grade) in Oakland, California. During the 2008-2009 academic year, there were 279 students; 41% were Hispanic, 33% were African American, 15% were Asian, less than 1% were white, and 74% were eligible for free or reduced price lunch (11).","y","Preventing Chronic Disease","Scopus","Journal Article","healthy eating",1,28,2,"mobile fruit vendors",2,"DoHMH",1,0,0,"Oakland",158,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T596,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Oakland"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T596,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaOakland",1,1,1]
["De Carvalho, R. J. M.",2012,"ERGOPOLIS: An ergonomics approach applied to a city","Ergopolis defines itself as an idea for thinking and transforming the city from the understanding of its own complexity and the complex human activity in it. The city is a living social organism where social production and reproduction take place. It is a sociotechnical and human-technological system where transformations and adaptations occur. The current article aims to gather and present cognitive ergonomics approaches, ranging from anthropotechnology, macroergonomics, resilience engineering and situated economy as a feasible theoretical and methodological path to be used in the understanding of the urban problems related to health, safety, accessibility, usability, mobility, people comfort and environmental sustainability of the city. The city is a situated space through which people with distinct features, capabilities and limitations perform daily singular activities i.e. leisure, entertainment or work notwithstanding whether they have economic and/or profitable aims or not. © 2012 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.","y","Work","Scopus","Journal Article","understand urban problems related to health",1,0,2," gather cognitive ergonomics approaches",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T597,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T597,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Jordan, A.; Piotrowski, J. T.; Bleakley, A.; Mallya, G.",2012,"Developing media interventions to reduce household sugar-sweetened beverage consumption","In 2010, the city of Philadelphia launched a media campaign to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in homes with children as a strategy to combat obesity. Using the integrative model (IM) of behavioral change and prediction, a theory-based precampaign survey of Philadelphia parents was conducted to determine the most effective message content. Results indicated that intention to eliminate SSB consumption is attitudinally driven and suggested that effective messages should highlight feelings of nurturing and concern about child weight gain. Focus group testing led to the selection of a television ad, transit/print ad, and a radio spot that incorporated aspects of the theory-based results from the baseline survey. An online message testing experiment found that exposure to campaign messages increased intention to reduce SSBs and supported the underlying beliefs in the correct direction. These results illustrate how the IM can be applied to the development of a public health intervention. © American Academy of Political & Social Science 2012.","y","Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","Scopus","Journal Article","reducing sugar-sweetened bevarage consumption",1,1,2,"media campaign to reduce sugar sweetened drink consumption",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Philadelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T598,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T598,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,1]
["Wong, G. H. Y.; Hui, C. L. M.; Tang, J. Y. M.; Chang, W. C.; Chan, S. K. W.; Xu, J. Q.; Lin, J. J. X.; Lai, D. C.; Tam, W.; Kok, J.; Chung, D.; Hung, S. F.; Chen, E. Y. H.",2012,"Early intervention for psychotic disorders: Real-life implementation in Hong Kong","Hong Kong is among the first few cities in Asia to have implemented early intervention for psychosis in 2001. Substantial changes in psychosis service have since taken place. We reviewed available outcome data in Hong Kong, with reference to the philosophy of early intervention in psychosis, discussing experience and lessons learned from the implementation process, and future opportunities and challenges. Data accumulated in the past decade provided evidence for the benefits and significance of early intervention programmes: patients under the care of early intervention service showed improved functioning, milder symptoms, and fewer hospitalizations and suicides. Early intervention is more cost-effective compared with standard care. Stigma and misconception remains an issue, and public awareness campaigns are underway. In recent years, a critical mass is being formed, and Hong Kong has witnessed the unfolding of public service extension, new projects and organizations, and increasing interest from the community. Several major platforms are in place for coherent efforts, including the public Early Assessment Service for Young people with psychosis (EASY) programme, the Psychosis Studies and Intervention (PSI) research unit, the independent Hong Kong Early Psychosis Intervention Society (EPISO), the Jockey Club Early Psychosis (JCEP) project, and the postgraduate Psychological Medicine (Psychosis Studies) programme. The first decade of early intervention work has been promising; consolidation and further development is needed on many fronts of research, service and education. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.","y","Asian Journal of Psychiatry","Scopus","Journal Article","phychosis disorders",1,25,2,"early intervention for psychosis",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Hong Kong",91,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T599,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hong Kong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T599,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHong Kong",5,4,0]
["Matsudo, V.",2012,"The role of partnerships in promoting physical activity: The experience of Agita São Paulo","Strategic partnership is a logical approach to face some of the public health problems. However, its application is somewhat more complex. In this paper our experience with three networks (Agita São Paulo, Physical Activity Network of Americas, and Agita Mundo Network) was described. In the case of Agita São Paulo even the name was a consequence of a partnership with a marketing company, and is an idiomatic expression that means much more than just to move your body. It also means to move psychologically and socially, with the concept of \"active citizenship\". Among the important features of that intervention, we highlighted: (a) national and international intellectual partnership; (b) strong institutional partnerships, including government in one hand, and non-governmental and private sector in the other hand, in a so called: \"two-hats approach\"; (c) minimal formalization/maximal flexibility; (d) a signed letter of agreement: an active symbol of institutional commitment; (e) use the \"mobile management\" adaptation of the ecological model, in which attention was given to intrapersonal, social, and physical environmental factors, in a dynamic way; (f) attention to inter-sectoral as well as to intra-sectoral partners, in which creates incentives for participation of more than one representative from each sector; (g) the inclusion principle, that was not restricted to the institution, but affected the program actions, materials, and particularly the messages; (h) a high level of legitimacy of the coordination institution in the leadership; (i) special attention to improve environment supports for physical activity, such as: strategic partnerships established with the Metro System, that serves over 1 million persons/day; the Truck Drivers Radio Station; the State Secretariat of Environment, that built a walking path around its main building; the city of São Caetano do Sul, with the healthy sidewalk program; the city of Santana do Parnaiba building a walking path around the outpatients clinic, as well as the establishment of a fitness room in the basic unit of health; and Sorocaba, a city of 600,000 inhabitants, that after 4 years of the program of building walk and bike pathways, and parks, found a decrease in hospitalization of 50% by stroke, and 57% of diabetes type 2. A recent paper has shown that sedendarism has declined relatively about 70% from 2002 to 2008 in the State of Sao Paulo, and World Bank has reported that Agita represents a saving of 310 million US dollars per year in the health sector of Sao Paulo. All this scenario strongly suggests that the social issue in the developing countries facilitates the success of strategic partnerships. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.","y","Health and Place","Scopus","Journal Article","Physical in-activity",1,29,2,"strategic partnerships",2,"partnerships",2,0,0,"Sau Paulo",182,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T600,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sao Paulo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T600,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSao Paulo",14,2,1]
["Fawkes, S.; Fudge, C.; Engelhardt, K.",2012,"Healthy cities: Comprehensive solutions to urban health improvement",null,"y",null,"Scopus","Book","Healthy cities",1,0,2,"Healthy Cities",0,"not stated",1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T601,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T601,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Otgaar, A.; Klijs, J.; van den Berg, L.",2011,"Towards healthy cities: Comparing conditions for change","This book explores the conditions needed to make public and private investments in healthy cities effective. It argues that three conditions are essential: citizen empowerment, corporate responsibility and a coordinated improvement of urban health. The book uses case studies from around the world to show the importance of these conditions, and how actors are trying to meet them. © Alexander Otgaar, Jeroen Klijs and Leo van den Berg 2011. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","healthy cities",1,0,2,"Identifying what makes public and private investments in healthy cities effective",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T602,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T602,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Rojas, A.; Valley, W.; Mansfield, B.; Orrego, E.; Chapman, G. E.; Harlap, Y.",2011,"Toward food system sustainability through school food system change: Think & eatgreen at school and the making of a community-university research alliance","This paper describes the theoretical and conceptual framework and the research and practice model of Think & EatGreen at School, a community-based action research project aiming to foster food citizenship in the City of Vancouver and to develop a model of sustainable institutional food systems in public schools. The authors argue that educational and policy interventions at the school and school board level can drive the goals of food system sustainability, food security, and food sovereignty. The complex relationship between food systems, climate change and environmental degradation require that international initiatives promoting sustainability be vigorously complemented by local multi-stakeholder efforts to preserve or restore the capacity to produce food in a durable manner. As a step towards making the City of Vancouver green, we are currently involved in attempts to transform the food system of the local schools by mobilizing the energy of a transdisciplinary research team of twelve university researchers, over 300 undergraduate and graduate students, and twenty community-based researchers and organizations working on food, public health, environmental and sustainability education. © 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y","Sustainability","Scopus","Journal Article","Food system sustainability",1,28,2,"develop a model of sustainable institutional food systems",1,"A community-based action research project",1,3,0,"Vancouver",234,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T603,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Vancouver"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T603,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaVancouver",2,1,0]
["Mwangangi, F. M.",2011,"Accessibility to health care in urban environments","Urban areas face a myriad of health challenges from rapid population growth, pollution, unplanned settlements, and an increase in both com municable and noncommunicable diseases. Multiple factors, especially social, cultural, and economic, make women the most vulnerable in the unfolding epidemic of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Poor government investment in health care further compounds the problem. There is an urgent need for health planners, policymakers, and other stakeholders to engage and involve communities in designing new, innovative, and cost-effective health-care delivery models for promotive, preventive, and curative services. The breast and cervical cancer education, awareness, and screening campaign, which is a private-sector initiative, is one such model that can be replicated to address all health problems, not only in women but in the entire urban population. This model of partnering with retail outlets in the provision of services underscores the important role the private sector plays in health-care delivery to urban populations. As the world continues to become more urbanized, with resultant health challenges, it is the responsibility of government, civil society, ordinary people, policymakers, and researchers to make cities healthy. On World Health Day 2010, the World Health Organization recommended the following actions to achieve this goal. 1. Improve urban living conditions. 2. Ensure participatory urban governance. 3. Promote urban planning for healthy behaviors and safety. 4. Make urban areas resilient to emergencies and disasters. 5. Build inclusive cities that are accessible and age friendly. Though these calls to action do not exclusively address women's health, the aspects they cover will have a big impact on women's health. Fortunately these action areas do not require additional funding, though political will is vital to distribute resources to priority interventions. Copyright © 2011 University of Pennsylvania Press. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","access to healthcare",2,40,2,"Health care initiatives",3,"Sharing best practice",2,1,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T604,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T604,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Van Der Pols, H.; Mencl, F.; De Vos, R.",2011,"The impact of an emergency motorcycle response vehicle on prehospital care in an urban area","Introduction: Faster emergency response times are generally considered to have a positive effect on life expectancy of patients with a life-threatening event, leading many communities to determine response time intervals. However, worldwide, increasing urbanization and traffic congestion threatens ambulance response times. An emergency motorcycle response vehicle (MRV) can overcome these hurdles more easily than a larger ambulance. It also offers dispatch flexibility in responding to calls estimated to have a low likelihood of a patient who needs transport. The first aim of this study was to determine whether an MRV can shorten response times and impact on resuscitation outcomes in a heavily urbanized and densely populated region in the Netherlands. The second aim was to evaluate differences in dispatch and transport between MRV and ambulance. Methods: This was a nonrandomized, prospective cohort study comparing an MRV unit with regular ambulances in a Dutch city of 265 000 people. Included were all 'urgent patient' cases within operating time of the MRV between January 2003 and August 2003. Results: A total of 1664 patients was evaluated, including 468 motorcycle and 1196 ambulance responses. Use of MRVs led to a decrease in response time of 54 s (P≤0.01). We could not show a decrease in mortality risk in cases of resuscitation [relative risk (RR): 2.50, confidence interval (CI): 0.17-36.21]. There was a slightly improved 1-year survival in other life-threatening cases (RR: 1.13, CI: 1.03-1.24). However, this is most likely because of differences in dispatch decisions (the MRV is sent to 'lighter' cases) and not because of faster assistance. The MRV paramedic was more likely to treat and release the patient (RR: 2.21, CI: 1.80-2.73) or refer them to a general practitioner (RR: 2.11, CI: 1.73-2.58) and much less likely to refer them to the hospital emergency department (41.2 vs. 72.6%). Referrals to the hospital by the MRV were mostly by the patient's own means of transportation (RR: 13.14, CI: 5.89-29.32) rather than by ambulance. Conclusion: Using motorcycles in a Dutch setting lead to better emergency medical service response times. The MRV serves a different population. Resulting in a higher treat and release rate and less transportation to hospital. Copyright © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.","y","European Journal of Emergency Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","Pre-hospital care",2,23,2,"emergency motorcycle response vehicle (MRV) ",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T605,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T605,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",30,3,1]
["Leyden, K. M.; Goldberg, A.; Michelbach, P.",2011,"Understanding the pursuit of happiness in ten major cities","The pursuit of happiness has a long history as a primary political end in Western political thought. Along with traditional economic indicators, policy makers are increasingly concerned with the subjective well-being of a society as a measure for its success. It is important to understand the nature of happiness and ask what can be done to improve it. This article builds upon existing literature that consistently identifies health, wealth, and social connectedness as key predictors of happiness. We find that the design and conditions of cities are associated with the happiness of residents in 10 urban areas. Cities that provide easy access to convenient public transportation and to cultural and leisure amenities promote happiness. Cities that are affordable and serve as good places to raise children also have happier residents. We suggest that such places foster the types of social connections that can improve happiness and ultimately enhance the attractiveness of living in the city. © The Author(s) 2011.","y","Urban Affairs Review","Scopus","Journal Article","Urban well-being and happiness",1,0,2,"Investigating indicators of happiness",0,"research",7,0,0,"not stated (10 Major Cities)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T606,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T606,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Patel, A. B.; Quan, H.; Faris, P.; Knudtson, M. L.; Traboulsi, M.; Li, B.; Ghali, W. A.",2011,"Temporal Associations of Early Patient Transfers and Mortality With the Implementation of a Regional Myocardial Infarction Care Model","Background: In order to reduce the delays encountered through patient transfer, regional care models have been developed that directly transport subsets of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients to hospitals with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) facilities. Calgary is a Canadian city that implemented this type of model in 2004. Methods: The study population included 9768 AMI patients admitted to Calgary hospitals between 1997 and 2007. Administrative data were used to define patients who were directly admitted to the PCI hospital and those transferred there after initial admission to a hospital without specialized cardiac care. The differences in clinical characteristics and mortality trends of patients grouped by hospital delivery site and transfer practice are described. Results: The proportion of patients directly admitted to a PCI hospital has increased with the implementation of a regional care model. Among patients admitted to non-PCI facilities, the patients who are transferred are younger, more likely to be male, have a shorter length of stay, and have lower proportions of several comorbid conditions. The risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality odds ratio for patients who received care at the PCI hospital postmodel relative to those treated at non-PCI hospitals premodel was 0.38 (95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.47). The corresponding adjusted odds ratio was 0.60 (0.47-0.76). Conclusions: Our results suggest changing care over time and trends toward improved outcomes. Patients' clinical characteristics appear to play a major role in the decision to transfer. Avoidance of the risk treatment paradox through refinement of regional transfer protocols ought to be a priority. © 2011 Canadian Cardiovascular Society.","y","Canadian Journal of Cardiology","Scopus","Journal Article","Myocardial Infarction",1,30,2,"new model of care (to reduce delays encountered through patient transfer)",3,"service reform (Analysed patient administrative data)",3,0,0,"Calgary",33,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T607,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Calgary"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T607,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaCalgary",2,1,1]
["Smit, W.; Hancock, T.; Kumaresen, J.; Santos-Burgoa, C.; Meneses, R. S. K.; Friel, S.",2011,"Toward a research and action agenda on urban planning/design and health equity in cities in low and middle-income countries","The importance of reestablishing the link between urban planning and public health has been recognized in recent decades; this paper focuses on the relationship between urban planning/design and health equity, especially in cities in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The physical urban environment can be shaped through various planning and design processes including urban planning, urban design, landscape architecture, infrastructure design, architecture, and transport planning. The resultant urban environment has important impacts on the health of the people who live and work there. Urban planning and design processes can also affect health equity through shaping the extent to which the physical urban environments of different parts of cities facilitate the availability of adequate housing and basic infrastructure, equitable access to the other benefits of urban life, a safe living environment, a healthy natural environment, food security and healthy nutrition, and an urban environment conducive to outdoor physical activity. A new research and action agenda for the urban environment and health equity in LMICs should consist of four main components. We need to better understand intra-urban health inequities in LMICs; we need to better understand how changes in the built environment in LMICs affect health equity; we need to explore ways of successfully planning, designing, and implementing improved health/health equity; and we need to develop evidence-based recommendations for healthy urban planning/design in LMICs. © 2011 The New York Academy of Medicine.","y","Journal of Urban Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health equity",1,3,2,"re-establishing a link between urban planning and public health",2,"policy",1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T608,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T608,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Friel, S.; Akerman, M.; Hancock, T.; Kumaresan, J.; Marmot, M.; Melin, T.; Vlahov, D.",2011,"Addressing the social and environmental determinants of urban health equity: Evidence for action and a research agenda","Urban living is the new reality for the majority of the world's population. Urban change is taking place in a context of other global challenges - economic globalization, climate change, financial crises, energy and food insecurity, old and emerging armed conflicts, as well as the changing patterns of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. These health and social problems, in countries with different levels of infrastructure and health system preparedness, pose significant development challenges in the 21st century. In all countries, rich and poor, the move to urban living has been both good and bad for population health, and has contributed to the unequal distribution of health both within countries (the urban-rural divide) and within cities (the rich-poor divide). In this series of papers, we demonstrate that urban planning and design and urban social conditions can be good or bad for human health and health equity depending on how they are set up. We argue that climate change mitigation and adaptation need to go hand-in-hand with efforts to achieve health equity through action in the social determinants. And we highlight how different forms of governance can shape agendas, policies, and programs in ways that are inclusive and health-promoting or perpetuate social exclusion, inequitable distribution of resources, and the inequities in health associated with that. While today we can describe many of the features of a healthy and sustainable city, and the governance and planning processes needed to achieve these ends, there is still much to learn, especially with respect to tailoring these concepts and applying them in the cities of lower- and middle-income countries. By outlining an integrated research agenda, we aim to assist researchers, policy makers, service providers, and funding bodies/donors to better support, coordinate, and undertake research that is organized around a conceptual framework that positions health, equity, and sustainability as central policy goals for urban management. © 2011 The New York Academy of Medicine.","y","Journal of Urban Health","Scopus","Journal Article","Urban health equity",1,3,2,"Reviewing urban planning and design and urban social conditions",0,"Outlining an integrated research agenda",7,1,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T609,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T609,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Gelmanova, I. Y.; Taran, D. V.; Mishustin, S. P.; Golubkov, A. A.; Solovyova, A. V.; Keshavjee, S.",2011,"'Sputnik': A programmatic approach to improve tuberculosis treatment adherence and outcome among defaulters","SETTING: A novel patient-centered tuberculosis (TB) treatment delivery program, 'Sputnik', was introduced for patients at high risk of treatment default in Tomsk City, Russian Federation. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of the Sputnik intervention on patient default rates. DESIGN: We analyzed the characteristics of patients referred to the program, treatment adherence of Sputnik program enrollees before and during the intervention, and final outcomes for all patients referred to the Sputnik program. RESULTS: For patients continuing their existing regimens after referral to the program (n = 46), mean adherence to treatment increased by 56% (from 52% of prescribed doses prior to enrolment to 81%). For patients initiating new regimens after referral (n = 5), mean adherence was 83%. Mean adherence for patients with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB; n = 38) was 79% and for all others (n = 13) it was 89%. The cure rate was 71.1% for patients with MDR-TB, 60% for all others and 68% in the program overall. CONCLUSION: The Sputnik intervention was successful in reducing rates of treatment default among patients at high risk for non-adherence. © 2011 The Union.","y","International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","Scopus","Journal Article","Tuberculosis treatment adherance",2,34,1,"TB treatment delivery program",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Tomsk City",217,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T610,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Tomsk"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T610,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"russia"},"russiaTomsk",47,4,1]
["Ashe, M.; Graff, S.; Spector, C.",2011,"Changing places: Policies to make a healthy choice the easy choice","The environments where people live, learn, work and play have a profound influence on health. Policies affecting physical activity, access to healthy foods, and the prevalence of tobacco products in our neighbourhoods can either promote or discourage behaviour associated with cancer and other chronic diseases. Given the regulatory landscape in the USA, where federal law controls venues with the widest possible scope (such as television and the Internet), states and cities have tremendous latitude in regulating the physical environments that residents experience every day. This paper explores innovative and meaningful ways to improve public health through policy initiatives targeted specifically at places such as homes and neighbourhoods, schools, shops, restaurants, bars and recreational areas. © 2011 The Royal Society for Public Health.","y","Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","healthy choices the easy choice",1,0,2,"changes to the environment we interact with",2,"policy initiatives",5,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T611,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T611,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Birch, E. L.; Lynch, A.",2012,"Measuring U.S. sustainable urban development","On Earth Day 2011, mayor Michael Bloomberg mounted the podium of the Harlem Stage and let a small, triumphant smile cross his face as he announced that New York City was on its way to having the cleanest air of all large cities in the United States. He reminded his audience, who had come to hear the four-year progress report on PlaNYC 2030, that clean air was a key goal of his much-heralded sustainability plan. As of that day, he said, the city had banned Grades 4 and 6 heating oil, a move that, aside from his effort to curb smoking, would be the single biggest step that we have taken to save lives. Since buildings using low-quality heating oil produce more soot than all the cars and trucks in New York City, cleaning up the air would improve the Big Apple's health record. Every year, he reported, soot caused 3,000 deaths, 2,000 hospital admissions for lung and heart conditions, and approximately 6,000 emergency department visits for asthma in children and adults. © 2012 by Worldwatch Institute. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","air pollution",1,16,2,"sustainability plan, which included air pollution measures",0,"policy",1,0,1,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T612,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T612,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Clark, S.; Jackson, L.",2011,"The wellbeing project: Improving the psychological wellbeing of older adults","Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to detail the Wellbeing Project that was developed by Manchester Mental Health and Social Care Trust, in partnership with Manchester City Council. Design/methodology/approach - A group-based cognitive behavioural therapy intervention (\"BeWell, Age Well\") was written specifically to help improve the mood and wellbeing of older adults. Findings - Apreliminary evaluation showed promising results and in response to a significant increase in demand for continued delivery of the intervention, there are now plans to examine the feasibility of non mental health qualified staff facilitating the course. Funding is currently being sought for a more definitive study. Originality/value - The Wellbeing Project believes that if older adults are educated via the approach as adopted by the \"Be Well, Age Well\" course, the level of resilience will improve for those individuals who would otherwise have experienced compromised wellbeing. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.","y","Working with Older People","Scopus","Journal Article","psychological wellbeing",1,25,2,"Group-based cognitive behavioural therapy intervention",1,"collaboration",2,0,2,"Manchester",125,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T613,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Manchester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T613,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandManchester",3,3,1]
["Pieper, C.; Kolankowska, I.",2011,"Health care transition in Germany – Standardization of procedures and improvement actions","Previous studies have assessed an increase in the number of people in need and emphasized the advantages of structured discharge management and health care transition. Therefore, our study evaluated the status quo of transition in a major German city after standardization of procedures and implementation of standard forms. Satisfaction with handling of standard forms and improvement of procedures was evaluated. Additionally, patients who had recently been hospitalized were asked about the hospital discharge process. The results show that the recent efforts of standardization helped to improve interface management for health care workers and patients and showed further improvement options. © 2011 Pieper and Kolankowska.","y","Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,39,2,"standardization of procedures and implementation of standard forms",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T614,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T614,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",28,3,0]
["Lange, M. C.; Zétola, V. F.; Parolin, M. F.; Zamproni, L. N.; Fernandes, A. F.; Piovesan, E. J.; Nóvak, E. M.; Werneck, L. C.",2011,"Curitiba acute ischemic stroke protocol: A university hospital and EMS initiative in a large Brazilian city","Few healthcare centers in Brazil perform thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe an interinstitutional protocol for the rapid identification and thrombolytic treatment of AIS patients at a public health hospital in a large Brazilian city. Method: Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel evaluated 433 patients with possible stroke during a six-month period. After a standard checklist, patients with suspected AIS and symptoms onset of less than two hours were evaluated at our University Hospital (UH). Results: Sixty-five (15%) patients met the checklist criteria and had a symptom onset of less than two hours, but only 50 (11%) patients were evaluated at the UH. Among them, 35 (70%) patients had ischemic stroke, 10 (20%) had hemorrhagic stroke, and 5 (10%) had other diagnoses. Of the 35 ischemic stroke patients, 15 (43%) underwent IV thrombolysis. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that trained EMS workers could help to improve the rate of thrombolytic treatment in large Brazilian cities. Permanent training programs for EMS and hospital staff, with quality control and correct identification of AIS patients, should be implemented to increase appropriate thrombolytic therapy rates in Brazil.","y","Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria","Scopus","Journal Article","Stroke ",2,19,2,"interinstitutional protocol ",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T615,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T615,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,2,1]
["Leung, G. K. K.; Chang, A.; Cheung, F. C.; Ho, H. F.; Ho, W.; Hui, S. M.; Kam, C. W.; Lai, A.; Lam, K. W.; Leung, M.; Liu, S. H.; Lo, C. B.; Mok, F.; Rainer, T. H.; Shen, W. Y.; So, F. L.; Wong, G.; Wu, A.; Yeung, J.; Yuen, W. K.",2011,"The first 5 years since Trauma Center Designation in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China","Background: In 1994, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) introduced plans to implement a trauma system based on the recommendations outlined by Professor Donald Trunkey in his report to the local Hospital Authority. Five government-subsidized public hospitals were subsequently designated as trauma centers in 2003. This article reviews the initial experience in these five centers. Methods: Prospective trauma registries from January 2004 to December 2008 were reviewed. Primary clinical outcome measures were hospital mortality. The Trauma and Injury Severity Score methodology was used for benchmarking with the Major Trauma Outcome Study (MTOS) database. Results: The majority (83.3%) of the 10,462 patients suffered from blunt trauma. Severe injury, defined as Injury Severity Score >15, occurred in 29.7% of patients. The leading causes of trauma were motor vehicle collisions and falls, with crude hospital mortality rates of 6.9% and 10.7%, respectively. The M-statistic was 0.95, indicating comparable case-mix with the MTOS. The worst outcome occurred in the first year. Significant improvement was seen in patients with penetrating injuries. By 2008, these patients had significantly higher survival rates than expected (Z-statistic = 0.85). Although the overall mortality rates for blunt trauma were higher than expected, the difference was no longer statistically significant from the second year onward. The case-mix of trauma patients in the HKSAR is comparable with that of the MTOS. A young trauma system relatively unburdened by dissimilar reimbursement and patient access issues may achieve significant improvement and satisfactory patient outcomes. Our findings may serve as a useful benchmark for HK and other Southeast Asian cities and trauma systems to establish local coefficients for future evaluations. Copyright © 2011 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.","y","Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care","Scopus","Journal Article","Trauma Care",2,23,2,"Introduced trauma centre model of care",3,"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region",5,0,0,"Hong Kong",91,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T616,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hong Kong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T616,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHong Kong",5,4,1]
["Zhang, Y.; Li, B.",2011,"Motivating service improvement with awards and competitions - hygienic city campaigns in China","Awards and competitions are often used to motivate public servants, and this paper examines how the central government of China uses these to try and motivate cities to improve public hygiene. The authors argue that apart from improving performance,(1) awards and competitions are good at motivating user participation and spreading good practice. However, the design of the schemes used in China tends to prioritize disproportionately the winning mentality, and sometimes causes high costs and social tension. © 2011 International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).","y","Environment and Urbanization","Scopus","Journal Article","Public hygiene",1,0,2,"Awards and competitions for motivation to keep cities hygienic",2,"Evaluation of central government methods",8,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T617,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T617,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",5,4,0]
["Gilhuly, K.; Purciel, M.; Farhang, L.; Lucky, J.; Harris, E. C.; Heller, J.; Seto, E. Y. W.",2011,"Using health impact assessment in community development to improve air quality and public health","Air pollution contributes to asthma, allergies, lung function impairment, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality. Transit-oriented development, roadway expansion, new residential and commercial development, and pollution mitigation projects impact local and regional air quality. This article discusses the use of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) by community advocates, public health and city planning departments, and regulatory agencies to ensure health impacts are considered in decision-making processes that affect air quality. HIAs encourage collaboration among diverse stakeholders, including communities facing health inequities. HIAs also use data and analysis to predict health outcomes of proposed planning and policy decisions. This article describes the collaborations, empirical assessment tools, communication and advocacy strategies, findings, recommendations, and outcomes of the following HIAs: a transit-oriented station area plan in Pittsburg, CA, grade separations funded through a policy to levy a fee on all port containers passing through major ports in California, and a freeway expansion in Los Angeles, CA. © 2011 Community Development Society.","y","Community Development","Scopus","Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"Health Impact Assessment",1,"HIA",2,1,0,"Pittsburg, Los Angeles",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T618,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T618,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["McGarry, P.; Morris, J.",2011,"A great place to grow older: A case study of how Manchester is developing an age-friendly city","Manchester's older residents together with statutory, voluntary and independent agencies are leading the development of partnership work and supporting varied initiatives to improve elders' quality of life in Manchester. They aim to tackle the city's health and other inequalities and address specific challenges of growing older in deprived urban areas. Manchester Valuing Older People last year published its ageing strategy and the city has now joined the global network of age-friendly cities. This paper describes progress and some of the current issues and opportunities. © Pier Professional Ltd.","y","Working with Older People","Scopus","Journal Article","older peoples health and wellbeing",1,0,2,"strategy and initiatives to improve elders' quality of life",0,"WHO age friendly cities",10,0,0,"Manchester",125,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T619,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Manchester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T619,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandManchester",3,3,0]
["Thrasher, J. F.; Huang, L.; Pérez-Hernández, R.; Niederdeppe, J.; Arillo-Santillán, E.; Alday, J.",2011,"Evaluation of a social marketing campaign to support Mexico City's comprehensive smoke-free law","Objectives. We aimed to assess the level of awareness and impact of a social marketing campaign to promote Mexico City's 2008 comprehensive smoke-free law. Methods. Four months after the smoke-free law was implemented but before the campaign launch, we collected data from a population-based, random sample of 961 inhabitants of Mexico City. We analyzed data from 786 respondents who completed follow-up at the end of the campaign to determine campaign exposure and the association between campaign exposure and changes in campaign-targeted knowledge and attitudes. Results. Recall of any of the 5 campaign materials was 69%, with a uniform distribution of exposure to 1, 2, and 3 or more campaign materials (25%, 25%, and 19%, respectively). Exposure to a greater number of campaign materials was associated in a monotonic relation with campaign-targeted knowledge of ammonia and arsenic in cigarette smoke. In models assessing support for, perceived benefits of, and perceived right to smoke-free places, campaign exposure accounted for a positive change in half of the indicators within each of these domains. Conclusions. Social marketing campaigns can reinforce knowledge and attitudes that favor smoke-free laws, thereby helping to establish smokefree norms.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","Smoking",1,7,2," social marketing campaign",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Mexico City",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T620,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T620,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,2,1]
["Dobson, S.",2011,"Sustaining place through community walking initiatives","Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to summarise findings from collaborative research with Sheffield City Council to help contribute to a national healthy walks initiative. The primary purpose of the initiative is to help encourage a more active lifestyle through the uptake of regular walking. Highlighted here are some of the Sheffield urban walks which aimed to engage specifically with those living in more deprived urban communities. Reawakening the participants' sense of enquiry and motivation to explore their everyday historic urban surroundings was an important stage in increasing the potential sustainable impact of the walking programme. Design/methodology/approach: The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) funded project used an Action Research/collaborative approach to help develop the English Heritage GIS tool (Historic Landscape Characterisation) as both a catalyst for exploring the temporality of space and as a practical desk-based means for defining potential walking routes. Findings: The healthy walking initiative is used to illustrate how cross-domain working can provide a powerful means to engage new audiences and it is asserted here that any form of community walking has the potential to increase the sense of custodianship of place. Originality/value: (Re)awakening of attachment is explored here through engagement with an embedded and everyday material time-depth. There are many urban residential areas which are not formally addressed by the urban designer, landscape architect, conservation officer or heritage professional and so require the engaged citizen to recognise the potential impacts of incremental change upon their surroundings. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.","y","Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development","Scopus","Journal Article","inactivity",1,29,2,"community walking initiative ",4,"ESRC Funded",8,2,0,"Sheffield",193,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T621,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sheffield"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T621,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandSheffield",3,3,1]
["Colquhoun, D.; Pike, J.",2011,"Effective school meal interventions: Lessons learned from Eat Well Do Well in Hull, England","It is a truism to suggest that obesity has emerged as one of the most significant issues for public health policy in the last 10 years. Globally, an estimated 1.2 billion people are classified as overweight, of whom 300 million are categorized as obese. In 2004 when Eat Well Do Well was developed and introduced in the UK, around 10% of children aged 6-10 years were classified as obese. In addition, according to the Department of Health (2006) 36.6% of children in Hull were estimated to be living in poverty compared to the national average of 21.3%. This chapter presents a description and evaluation of the lessons learned from the Eat Well Do Well program, which was delivered between 2004 and 2007 by the Kingston-Upon-Hull City Council in England. This was an ambitious, innovative and exciting programme which provided all children (approximately 25,000 school children) in seventy-four primary and special schools access to free school meals which may have included healthy breakfasts, hot lunches/dinners, fruit up to Key Stage 2 (ages 11/12), and after school snack. The evaluation of Eat Well Do Well considered 'what worked' from the perspectives of the major stakeholders: the children, parents, caterers and schools. The chapter discusses several characteristic features of the program such as addressing health inequalities, complexity and whole of system change, and developing a spatial imagination. It presents some of the difficulties encountered including the problems associated with school meals as a political project, school meals as a service intervention, and how to relate Eat Well Do Well to other projects in schools. © Oxford University Press 2010. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","obesity",1,1,2,"free school meal interventions",3,"description and evaluation of the lessons learned ",5,3,0,"Hull",92,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T622,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hull"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T622,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandHull",3,3,0]
["Whitman, S.; Shah, A. M.; Benjamins, M. R.",2011,"Urban Health: Combating Disparities with Local Data","The 1980s opened a discussion of the varying nature of health in different segments of the United States. Falling under the rubric of 'health disparities', a great deal of research has been published demonstrating the substantial differences in health status within a population. The causes of health disparities are varied and not always clear but most researchers agree that disparities are a reflection of social and economic inequities and political injustice. One of the obstacles to addressing disparities is the lack of meaningful health data especially for vulnerable populations, which is often nonexistent despite being a critical factor for informing health programs and policies at the local level. This book provides a model for combating health disparities by describing how local health information was gathered, with the community engaged at every step of the process, creating movement toward evidence-based sustainable change. This book describes how a landmark health survey in Chicago generated dramatic data that are allowing investigators throughout the city to move from data to action and from observation to intervention. © 2011 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","Health inequalities",1,3,2,"model for combating health disparities",4,"describeshow local health information was gathered",2,0,0,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T623,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T623,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",1,1,0]
["Boyce, C.",2010,"Walkability, social inclusion and social isolation and street redesign","Within the body of literature on walkability there are many papers on improving a population's health by increasing rates of physical activity, and on how walking improves health. There is, however, a dearth of evidence on public infrastructure investment in built environments, which aim to promote healthy activity, and the relationship between these and evidence of social inclusion, exclusion and public health improvements. In this paper two projects based in the City of Geelong - the Corio Norlane Active Transport Network and Cloverdale Walkability + - are described and used as grounding for discussion of theory and practice relating to these issues.","y","Built Environment","Scopus","Journal Article","physical activity",1,29,2,"Walkability, social inclusion and social isolation and street redesign",2,"Case study description",0,0,0,"Geelong",75,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T624,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Geelong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T624,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},"AustraliaGeelong",9,5,0]
["MacMillen, J.; Givoni, M.; Banister, D.",2010,"Evaluating active travel: Decision-making for the sustainable city","It is now widely recognized that 'active travel' - the collective term for walking and cycling - confers a multitude of individual and societal benefits that are qualitatively different from those generated by motorized transport. Regular pedestrians and cyclists can expect to enjoy potential health benefits, while modal shift to active travel can lead to considerable environmental improvements at a broad range of spatial scales. However, given the need to ensure high-quality decision-making in the transport sector, it is paramount that contemporary evaluation practices keep pace with the shifting nature of policies that explicitly encourage uptake of walking and cycling. Drawing on a numerical example, this paper examines the extent to which the United Kingdom Department for Transport's evaluation framework - NATA - is sufficiently capable of determining the likely value of investments in active travel, and hence whether there is confidence that policy-makers are adequately placed to make informed choices between alternative investments. It is argued that while the overarching logic to evaluating active travel remains relatively sound, changes must be made to the framework if a genuine transition to sustainable urban mobility is to occur.","y","Built Environment","Scopus","Journal Article","physical activity",1,10,2,"encourage uptake of walking and cycling",0,"examines evaluation framework",1,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T625,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T625,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Stewart, M. J.; Kushner, K. E.; Greaves, L.; Letourneau, N.; Spitzer, D.; Boscoe, M.",2010,"Impacts of a support intervention for low-income women who smoke","The objective of this pilot study was to implement and evaluate the impact of a support intervention tailored to the assessed support needs, resources and preferences of low-income women who smoke in three Canadian cities. The support intervention, informed by theoretical foundations, provided holistic one-to-one and group support over 14 weeks. The support intervention was facilitated by trained professional and peer facilitators. The impact was evaluated through analysis of qualitative and quantitative data collected at pre-, post-, and delayed post-test contacts. This analysis revealed that the intervention exerted positive impacts on smoking reduction/cessation, social networks, coping, and health behaviors. Participants reported satisfaction with the intervention. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.","y","Social Science and Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","Smoking",1,7,2,"Support intervention",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"3 Canadian Cities - not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T626,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T626,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",2,1,0]
["McLeod, B.; Zaver, F.; Avery, C.; Martin, D. P.; Wang, D.; Jessen, K.; Lang, E. S.",2010,"Matching capacity to demand: A regional dashboard reduces ambulance avoidance and improves accessibility of receiving hospitals","Objectives: Ambulance diversion is a dangerous repercussion of emergency department (ED) crowding and can reflect fragmentation and a lack of coordination in designating optimal patient offload sites for prehospital providers. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether proactive destination selection through the Regional Emergency Patient Access and Coordination (REPAC) program would enhance capacity and ED flow management. Methods: The REPAC system provides a dashboard that synthesizes real-time capacity and acuity data for all three adult EDs in the city of Calgary, assigning a color code to reflect receiving status. It assigns destination for the next patient transported by emergency medical services (EMS) by categorizing ED sites as having either a favorable (green/yellow) status or unfavorable (orange/red) status. Three time windows were analyzed: a 6-month window prior to REPAC implementation (pre), the first 6-month window immediately following (post1), and the second 6-month period following (post2). Primary outcomes of interest were the proportion of time spent in favorable versus unfavorable status and EMS avoidances for all adult ED sites in the region (percentage of total time with any center on EMS bypass). Information on total number of ED visits, percentage of patients arriving by EMS transports, admission rates, patient acuity (Canadian Triage and Acuity Score), age, and length of stay (LOS) for admitted and discharged patients was collected. The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed for primary outcome analysis. Results: Implementation of the REPAC system resulted in an increase in the proportion of total time region hospitals reported favorable status (57.5% vs. 64.1%) pre versus post1, an effect that was accentuated at 1 year (post2, 78.7%; p < 0.001 for both comparisons). There was a concomitant decrease in EMS avoidances as a result of the REPAC system, 4.4% to 1.8% (pre vs. post1), also further improved at 1 year to 0.6% (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Conclusions: Proactive EMS destination selection through a real-time integrated electronic surveillance system enhances regional capacity and flow management while significantly reducing ambulance diversions. © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.","y","Academic Emergency Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","Capacity and ED flow management",2,23,2,"proactive destination selection through REPAC program",4,"service reform",3,0,0,"Calgary",33,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T627,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Calgary"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T627,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaCalgary",2,1,1]
["Van Raak, A.; Groothuis, S.; Van Der Aa, R.; Limburg, M.; Vos, L.",2010,"Shifting stroke care from the hospital to the nursing home: Explaining the outcomes of a Dutch case","Rationale, aims and objectives Supply chains can contribute to better care for stroke patients and more efficiency. However, such outcomes are hampered when links in the chain are weak. The article aims to further the knowledge about the causes and possible improvements of weak links thereby using theory about rules for action and routines (action patterns). Method We executed a single case study of a chain of service delivery to stroke patients by a university hospital and a nursing home in the city of Maastricht, the Netherlands. Methods included document study, interviews, observations, process mapping, use of data matrices and performance of t-tests. Results In the case, the care delivery process in the chain was redesigned to improve the flow of patients and to reduce the length of hospital stay. Length of stay was reduced. However, transfer of patients from the hospital to the nursing home was hampered. At this weak link in the chain, the redesign clashed with the routines of hospital paramedics who did not want to work according to the redesign. Conclusions The applied theory is useful to understand why a link in a supply chain is weak. Negotiations can be used to strengthen a link. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","y","Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice","Scopus","Journal Article","Stroke care",2,19,2,"Improve the supply chain and pathway of care",3,"service reform",3,0,0," Maastricht",120,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T628,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Maastricht"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T628,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsMaastricht",30,3,1]
["Renne, J. L.; Bennett, P.",2010,"Giving parks back to people: A transportation study of New Orleans City Park with implications for improving public health","Park planning, once at the root of the profession during the nineteenth century, can again provide cities with a means to improve public health through restricting access to automobiles. This intercept study, conducted in New Orleans City Park, found that two-thirds of users support weekend street closures to automobiles. Widespread support (63%) exists even among the 72% of people who arrived by automobile. This study also found measurable stated benefits from restricting car access. For more than 53% of the sample that stated that they would walk more in a car-free zone, respondents noted that they would walk nearly 30 min more per month. These findings suggest that planners and policy-makers have a cost-effective option to improve cities and public health - taming the automobile in urban parks. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.","y","Local Environment","Scopus","Journal Article","public health",1,10,2,"Study on Restricting access to automobiles",2,"intercept study",7,0,0,"New Orleans",145,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T629,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New Orleans"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T629,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew Orleans",1,1,1]
["Plümer, K. D.; Kennedy, L.; Trojan, A.",2010,"Evaluating the implementation of the WHO Healthy Cities Programme across Germany (1999-2002)","The WHO Healthy Cities Project (1988) is a well-known example of the setting-based approach to health promotion. Developed as a framework for translating the key principles of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986) into practice, it is best characterized as a process for successfully encouraging healthy public policy. In 2001, the German Healthy Cities Network (HCN) commissioned a survey of the 52 local Healthy Cities programme Coordinators (HCC) to monitor progress and identify strengths and weaknesses associated with its implementation. Most (90; 47/52) HCC participated in the survey. Several positive aspects of the Health Cities Programmes (HCP) in Germany were identified: during the first 5 years, it expanded rapidly; project coordinators felt highly engaged, despite limited resources; a combination of traditional and innovative approaches was adopted and applauded; and almost 75 of HCC felt that their efforts had been beneficial. Nonetheless, the following shortcomings were identified: increased resources required; greater clarification of concepts and strategies at the local level; stronger commitment to the Nine-Point Programme of Action; greater integration within the national HCN and the local political administrative system (PAS); better programme documentation and evaluation. In conclusion, the HCN in Germany has expanded and developed since its inception 20 years ago. German HCP will only improve if professionalism and quality of local work are improved, particularly in terms of strengthening their influence on the local PAS and on public policies. © The Author (2010). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.","n","duplicate","Scopus","Journal Article","Public health",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy Cities - encouraging healthy public policy",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,1,0,"numerous cities in germany",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T630,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T630,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",28,3,1]
["Huang, C.; Dumanovsky, T.",2010,"A brief overview of New York City's calorie labeling regulation and evaluation","In 2008, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYC DOHMH) adopted a regulation that requires chain restaurants with 15 or more locations nationwide to post calorie information prominently on menu boards and menus. This regulation is intended to help customers make informed choices at the point of purchase. To assess the impact of this calorie labeling requirement, NYC DOHMH is conducting 3 studies to examine changes in (1) customer purchasing behavior, (2) awareness about calorie posting, and (3) menu options at fast-food chains, before and after implementation of the regulation. Preliminary results suggest that posting calorie information prominently at the point of purchase can increase the number of customers who see and use that information. The city's approach to calorie labeling helps provide customers with important information to make food choices. Calorie labeling policies have gained support in jurisdictions across the nation as implementing regulations such as this one can have broad implications at the population level. Copyright © 20 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.","y","Nutrition Today","Scopus","Journal Article","obesity",1,28,2,"calorie labeling regulation",1,"DoHMH",4,5,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T631,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T631,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Thrasher, J. F.; Pérez-Hernández, R.; Swayampakala, K.; Arillo-Santillán, E.; Bottai, M.",2010,"Policy support, norms, and secondhand smoke exposure before and after implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law in Mexico City","Objectives. We assessed attitudes and beliefs about smoke-free laws, compliance, and secondhand smoke exposure before and after implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law in Mexico City. Methods. Trends and odds of change in attitudes and beliefs were analyzed across 3 representative surveys of Mexico City inhabitants: before implementation of the policy (n=800), 4 months after implementation (n=961), and 8 months after implementation (n=761). Results. Results indicated high and increasing support for 100% smoke-free policies, although support did not increase for smoke-free bars. Agreement that such policies improved health and reinforced rights was high before policy implementation and increased thereafter. Social unacceptability of smoking increased substantially, although 25% of nonsmokers and 50% of smokers agreed with smokers' rights to smoke in public places at the final survey wave. Secondhand smoke exposure declined generally as well as in venues covered by the law, although compliance was incomplete, especially in bars. Conclusions. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation in Mexico City has been relatively successful, with changes in perceptions and behavior consistent with those revealed by studies conducted in high-income countries. Normative changes may prime populations for additional tobacco control interventions.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","Smoking",1,7,2,"Smoke free laws",2,"policy",1,4,0,"Mexico City",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T632,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T632,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,1,1]
["Paneth-Pollak, R.; Schillinger, J. A.; Borrelli, J. M.; Handel, S.; Pathela, P.; Blank, S.",2010,"Using STD electronic medical record data to Drive Public Health Program Decisions in New York City","Electronic medical records can house patient information gathered over time and at multiple sites, thus they have the potential to increase continuity of care and improve service delivery In a multiclinic system. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene implemented an electronic medical record system in its 10 sexually transmitted disease clinics during 2004 and 2005. We examine the use of real-time electronic medical record data analyses to evaluate clinical services or program activities and present 3 examples of such analyses that have led to program improvements. Analyses of electronic medical record data have produced changes in clinical practice that in turn have resulted in more effective staff use, increased disease detection, and increased clinic capacity.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","electronic medical records",1,35,2,"electronic medical record system ",4,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T633,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T633,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Schoj, V.; Alderete, M.; Ruiz, E.; Hasdeu, S.; Linetzky, B.; Ferrante, D.",2010,"The impact of a 100% smoke-free law on the health of hospitality workers from the city of Neuquén, Argentina","Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of 100% smoke-free environment legislation on respiratory and sensory irritation symptoms and respiratory function among bar and restaurant workers from the city of Neuquén, Argentina. Methods: Pre-ban and post-ban studies without a comparison group in an Argentinean city were conducted. A baseline survey and spirometric measurements were performed with a total of 80 bar and restaurant workers 1 month before (October 2007) and 3 months after (March 2008) the implementation of the new 100% smoke-free legislation. Results: A significant reduction in secondhand smoke exposure was observed after the enactment and enforcement of the new legislation, and an important reduction in respiratory symptoms (from a pre-ban level of 57.5% to a post-ban level of only 28.8%). The reduction of sensory irritation symptoms was even higher. From 86.3% of workers who reported at least one sensory irritation symptom in October 2007, only 37.5% reported the same symptoms in March 2008. Also, data obtained by spirometry showed a significant forced vital capacity increase. Conclusions: Consistent with other studies, 100% smoke-free legislation improved short-term health outcomes in the sample and should be implemented nationwide. Furthermore, undertaking this study has been highly important in promoting 100% smoke-free environment legislation at the workplace as a legitimate right of hospitality workers, and in reducing social acceptance of designated smoking areas in bars and restaurants.","y","Tobacco Control","Scopus","Journal Article","Smoking",1,7,2,"100% smoke free legistlation",2,"law",4,0,0,"Neuquén",143,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T634,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Neuquen"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T634,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"argentina"},"argentinaNeuquen",8,2,1]
["Syson, G.; Bond, J.",2010,"Integrating health and social care teams in Salford","Salford City Council and Salford Primary Care Trust have established eight 'integrated health and social care teams' across the city, supporting older people and vulnerable adults. Teams are aligned with GP practice-based commissioning clusters. The evaluation of the initial pilot identified success factors, barriers and lessons learnt in order to plan and roll out systematic implementation across the city. The evaluation and subsequent staff development programme supporting change management were designed and delivered in partnership with Manchester Business School. Improved access to and delivery of services were achieved. © Pier Professional Ltd.","y","Journal of Integrated Care","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of health and care for older people and vulnerable adults",2,46,2,"Integrating health and social care teams",3,"evaluation and staff development programme supporting change management",2,2,0,"Salford",187,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T635,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Salford"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T635,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandSalford",3,3,1]
["Weist, M. D.; Stiegler, K.; Stephan, S.; Cox, J.; Vaughan, C.",2010,"School mental health and prevention science in the baltimore city schools","This article provides background on school mental health (SMH) programs in Baltimore and efforts to integrate evidence-based preventive interventions into the schools served by these programs. We describe the triangular model of SMH promotion, building at the base from environment and relationship enhancement, followed by universal and selective prevention, efforts taken at each of these levels, challenges experienced, and ideas for overcoming challenges. The agenda to integrate evidence-based preventive interventions into schools offers much promise for improving valued outcomes for students and schools. This is a difficult agenda, however, with many dimensions, including program infrastructure, training, building and sustaining school administrator and staff support, and addressing competing contingencies and tendencies toward drift. Better linkage between SMH, prevention science, and implementation science is called for. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.","y","Psychology in the Schools","Scopus","Journal Article","Mental health",1,25,2,"school mental health (SMH) programs",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T636,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T636,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Pena-Salmon, C. A.; Rojas-Caldelas, R.",2009,"Methodology for planning urban green areas: The case of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico","The city of Mexicali has 2.1 m2 public green areas per inhabitant while the national regulation establishes 10 m2 per inhabitant and the World Health Organization establishes 9 m2 per inhabitant, therefore there is an important deficit of public green areas. This article presents a methodological proposal for planning urban green areas and its application in Mexicali. The approach is based on a sustainability perspective in which green areas are not only considered from the social point of view as recreational and sporting facilities, but also as urban elements that can contribute to environmental improvement as well as to reducing the global warming effect by capturing carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse effect gas. The methodological proposal is composed of five phases: organization, inventory, assessment, strategy and management and the development of six groups of components: the physical-urban, technological, environmental, financial-economical, legal-regulatory, and public participation. The green area inventory and its assessment were done according to a classification in twelve subsystems using a Quickbird satellite image with a 2.6 m resolution and data was integrated in a geographical information system (Mapinfo). Criterion is presented at the end of this paper for urban green area allocation, according to the social demands of population and the environmental needs as a result of the carbon dioxide emission by the combustion of fuels from automotive vehicles in the city. In addition, several strategies and instruments were defined for the creation, improvement, and preservation of such areas. © 2009 WIT Press.","y","4th International Conference on Sustainable Development and Planning, Sustainable Development 2009","Scopus","Journal Article","green spaces",1,36,2,"proposal for planning urban green areas and its application in Mexicali",2,"Research",7,0,0,"Mexicali\n",129,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T637,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexicali"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T637,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexicali",37,2,0]
["Mees, P.",2009,"Transport for suburbia: Beyond the automobile age","The need for effective public transport is greater than ever in the 21st century. With countries like China and India moving towards mass-automobility, we face the prospects of an environmental and urban health disaster unless alternatives are found. It is time to move beyond the automobile age. But while public transport has worked well in the dense cores of some big cities, the problem is that most residents of developed countries now live in dispersed suburbs and smaller cities and towns. These places usually have little or no public transport, and most transport commentators have given up on the task of changing this: it all seems too hard. This book argues that the secret of 'European-style' public transport lies in a generalizable model of network planning that has worked in places as diverse as rural Switzerland, the Brazilian city of Curitiba and the Canadian cities of Toronto and Vancouver. It shows how this model can be adapted to suburban, exurban and even rural areas to provide a genuine alternative to the car, and outlines the governance, funding and service planning policies that underpin the success of the world's best public transport systems. © Paul Mees, 2010. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","transport",1,0,2,"a generalizable model of public transport network planning",2,"Research / modelling",7,0,0,"numerous  Curitiba and the Canadian cities of Toronto and Vancouver",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T638,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T638,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Mapes, J.",2009,"Pedaling revolution: How cyclists are changing American cities","In a world of increasing traffic congestion, a grassroots movement is carving out a niche for bicycles on city streets. Pedaling Revolution: How Cyclists Are Changing American Cities. explores the growing bike culture that is changing the look and feel of cities, suburbs, and small towns across North America. From traffic-dodging bike messengers to tattooed teenagers on battered bikes, from riders in spandex to well-dressed executives, ordinary citizens are becoming transportation revolutionaries. Jeff Mapes traces the growth of bicycle advocacy and explores the environmental, safety, and health aspects of bicycling. He rides with bicycle advocates who are taming the streets of New York City, joins the street circus that is Critical Mass in San Francisco, and gets inspired by the everyday folk pedaling in Amsterdam, the nirvana of American bike activists. Chapters focused on big cities, college towns, and America's most successful bike city, Portland, show how cyclists, with the encouragement of local officials, are claiming a share of the valuable streetscape. © 2009 Jeff Mapes All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","physical activity",1,0,2,"exploring the growing bike culture",0,"Research",7,0,0,"Portland",167,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T639,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Portland"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T639,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPortland",1,1,0]
["Freudenberg, N.",2009,"Intersectoral approaches to health promotion in cities","The health problems facing the world today increasingly require complex solutions in which public health interventions must work across sectors and levels of organization. Cities - where two-thirds of the global population is expected to live by 2030 - especially face challenging health conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, avian flu, infant mortality, and depression and social conditions like concentrated poverty, rising inequality, and declining public infrastructures. These problems demand that effective health promotion measures must integrate efforts within the health care, education, environmental protection, housing, nutrition and economic development sectors. In this chapter, I will examine intersectoral approaches to health promotion, describe the rationale and characteristics of this strategy, and then examine the strategies used to evaluate intersectoral work and the methodological and organizational challenges to evaluation that this approach poses. I define intersectoral health promotion interventions as organized activities that seek to improve well-being by influencing multiple determinants of complex health problems that operate across sectors and levels of organization (WHO, 1986a, 1997). Sectors are functional areas such as education, employment and health care; levels describe hierarchical arenas of social interaction such as individuals, families, communities and jurisdictions. Intersectoral interventions seek to make changes in different systems in order to achieve defined public health goals. These goals can address one or multiple health problems. In some cases the health outcomes of intersectoral interventions are unintended or secondary benefits of initiatives designed to achieve economic, educational or other goals. Planners and implementers of intersectoral interventions need to appreciate the unique challenges their approach poses to evaluation while evaluators need to grasp the contextual influences on implementation if they are to design valid, implementable and policy-relevant evaluation studies. Since successful evaluation requires practitioners and evaluators to find a common language so they can collaborate, this chapter is addressed to both. Even though intersectoral work is used in both urban and non-urban settings, this chapter focuses on examples from cities because so many people already live in cities, rapid urbanization is further concentrating the world's population in urban areas, and because urban complexity creates unique opportunities and challenges for both implementation and evaluation of this approach. Complexity is evaluators' greatest challenge - if interventions had only a few dimensions, influenced only a single outcome, and operated in uniform and easily described environments, the job of evaluators would be easy. Intersectoral health promotion in cities presents complexity on every front. Thus, understanding the contextual variables that influence cities and intersectoral interventions becomes an evaluator's first task, a prerequisite for solving the more familiar tasks of choosing outcomes, designing evaluation studies, collecting data and interpreting findings. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","health",1,0,2,"Intersectoral approaches to health promotion",7,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T640,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T640,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["McCreedy, M.; Leslie, J. G.",2009,"Get Active Orlando: Changing the built environment to increase physical activity","Background: Active Living by Design's Get Active Orlando partnership (GAO) focused on downtown Orlando's Community Redevelopment Area, including the Parramore Heritage District, home to many low-income and ethnically diverse residents, including many seniors. The area had undergone substantial development, and GAO aimed to incorporate active living considerations into the city's changing landscape. Intervention: Get Active Orlando conducted a baseline survey of all streets, sidewalks, and bicycle lanes in the project area and identified a sequence of plans and policies in which to incorporate changes identified in the assessment. To create more immediate opportunities for active living, the partnership initiated a senior walking program, a bicycle refurbishment and giveaway program, and community bicycle-riding events, and led a social-marketing campaign that emphasized simple lifestyle changes. Results: Get Active Orlando influenced adoption of public policies supporting active living in Orlando, including the Downtown Transportation Plan, Streetscape Guidelines, Design Standards Review Checklist, and growth management policies. Establishment of the mayor's Advisory Council on Active Living is testament to the heightened significance of active living in Orlando. Lessons learned: Initial assessment data served as a strong platform for policy change. Creating connections across disciplines including land-use planning, transportation, public health, and economic development allowed GAO to secure substantial policy change to influence design of the built environment. Engaging community members, including youth, as leaders was an important factor in program success. Conclusions: The physical environment in Orlando's Community Redevelopment Area is beginning to change as a reflection of a new policy framework designed to support active living. © 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.","y","American Journal of Preventive Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","physical inactivity",1,29,2,"increasing physical activity in Orlando",2,"surveys and review of policies and plans",5,1,1,"Orlando",159,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T641,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Orlando"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T641,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaOrlando",1,1,0]
["Burke, N. M.; Chomitz, V. R.; Rioles, N. A.; Winslow, S. P.; Brukilacchio, L. B.; Baker, J. C.",2009,"The path to active living: Physical activity through community design in Somerville, Massachusetts","Background: Somerville, Massachusetts, an ethnically diverse, urban community northwest of Boston, presents opportunities and challenges for active living. With a dense street grid, wellmaintained sidewalks, neighborhood parks, and existing Community Path, Somerville isvery walkable. However, two major surface arteries traverse and bisect neighborhoods, creating pedestrian safety and environmental justice issues.Intervention: Major goals included promoting increased collaboration and communication among existing active-living efforts; managing the Community Path extension project; encouraging Portuguese-speaking adults to incorporate daily physical activity; leveraging existing urban planning work to establish secure, attractive walking/biking corridors; and embedding active-living messages in everyday life. Results: The Somerville Active Living by Design Partnership (ALbD) successfully created a robust task force that was integrated with citywide active-living efforts, secured resources to increase infrastructure and support for active living, including city-level coordinator positions, and changed decision-making practices that led to incorporation of pedestrian and bicycle transportation priorities into city planning and that influenced the extension of the Community Path. Lessons learned: Partnerships must employ sustainability planning early on, utilize skilled facilitative leaders to manage leadership transitions, and engage new partners. Identifying, cultivating, and celebrating champions, especially those with political power, are critical. Working closely with research partners leads to rich data sources for planning and evaluation. Changing the built environment is difficult; working toward smaller wins is realistic and achievable. Conclusions: The synergy of ALbD and other community interventions created a foundation for short-term successes and accelerated political-cultural changes already underway with respect to active living. © 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.","y","American Journal of Preventive Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","Physical health",1,29,2,"Physcial activity through community design",2,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Somerville Massachusetts:",192,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T642,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Somerville"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T642,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSomerville",1,1,0]
["Gladstone, D. J.; Rodan, L. H.; Sahlas, D. J.; Lee, L.; Murray, B. J.; Ween, J. E.; Perry, J. R.; Chenkin, J.; Morrison, L. J.; Beck, S.; Black, S. E.",2009,"A citywide prehospital protocol increases access to stroke thrombolysis in toronto","Background and Purpose-Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for ischemic stroke is approved for eligible patients who can be treated within a 3-hour window, but treatment rates remain disappointingly low, often <5%. To improve rapid access to stroke thrombolysis in Toronto, Canada, a citywide prehospital acute stroke activation protocol was implemented by the provincial government to transport acute stroke patients directly to one of 3 regional stroke centers, bypassing local hospitals. This comprised a paramedic screening tool, ambulance destination decision rule, and formal memorandum of understanding of system stakeholders. This report describes the initial impact of the activation protocol at our regional stroke center. Methods-We compared consecutive patients with stroke arriving to our stroke center during the first 4 months of this new triage protocol (February 14 to June 14, 2005) versus the same 4-month period in 2004. Results-The protocol resulted in an immediate doubling in the number of patients with acute stroke arriving to our regional stroke center within 2.5 hours of symptom onset. We observed a 4-fold increase in patients who were eligible for and treated with tissue plasminogen activator. The tissue plasminogen activator treatment rate for ischemic stroke patients increased from 9.5% to 23.4% (P=0.01), and one in 2 patients with ischemic stroke arriving within 2.5 hours received thrombolysis during this period (one in 5 of patients with ischemic stroke overall). The median onset-to-needle time for tissue plasminogen activator-treated patients was significantly reduced. Many implementation challenges were identified and addressed. CONCLUSIONS-: This prehospital triage was immediately successful in improving tissue plasminogen activator access for patients with ischemic stroke, enabling our center to achieve one of the highest tissue plasminogen activator treatment rates in North America and underscoring the need for coordinated systems of acute stroke care. Sustainability of such an initiative will be dependent on interdisciplinary teamwork, ongoing paramedic training, adequate hospital staffing, bed availability, and repatriation agreements with community hospitals. © 2009 American Heart Association. All rights reserved.","y","Stroke","Scopus","Journal Article","access to stroke thombolysis",2,19,2,"a city wide prehospital protocol",3,"Health Department",5,0,0,"Toronto",215,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T643,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Toronto"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T643,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaToronto",2,1,1]
["Maller, C. J.; Henderson-Wilson, C.; Townsend, M.",2009,"Rediscovering nature in everyday settings: Or how to create healthy environments and healthy people","It is estimated that half of the world's population now live in urban environments. Urban living necessitates a removal from nature, yet evidence indicates that contact with nature is beneficial for human health. In fact, everyday urban places, such as where people live, study, and work, provide opportunities to bring nature back into cities to contribute to positive, healthy environments for people and to foster the human-nature connection. The inclusion of more nature in cities could have additional environmental benefits, such as habitat provision and improving the environmental performance of built environments. In the context of climate change, outcomes such as these assume further importance. This article explores how common urban places can foster links between people and nature, and generate positive health and well-being outcomes. We achieve this by exploring nature in the everyday settings of schools and residential housing. © 2010 International Association for Ecology and Health.","y","EcoHealth","Scopus","Journal Article","Health and Well-being",1,0,2,"Rediscovering nature in everyday settings (understanding how to create healthy environments and healthy people)",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T644,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T644,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Weitzman, B. C.; Mijanovich, T.; Silver, D.; Brecher, C.",2009,"Finding the impact in a messy intervention: Using an integrated design to evaluate a comprehensive citywide health initiative","This article uses the evaluation of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's (RWJF) Urban Health Initiative (UHI), a 10-year effort to improve health and safety outcomes in distressed cities, to demonstrate the strength of an evaluation design that integrates theory of change and quasi-experimental approaches, including the use of comparison cities. This paper focuses on the later stages of implementation and, especially, our methods for estimating program impacts. While the theory of change was used to make preliminary identification of intended outcomes, we used the sites' plans and early implementation to refine this list and revisit our strategy for estimating impacts. Using our integrated design, differences between program and comparison cities are considered impacts only if they were predicted by program theory, local plans for action, and early implementation. We find small, measurable changes in areas of greatest programmatic effort. We discuss the importance of the integrated design in identifying impacts. © The Author(s) 2009.","y","American Journal of Evaluation","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"improve health and outcomes in distressed cities",7,"RWJ",8,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T645,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T645,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Huberty, J. L.; Dodge, T.; Peterson, K.; Balluff, M.",2009,"Activate Omaha: The journey to an active living environment","Background: Omaha, an urban Nebraska community, represents 26% of the state's population. Activate Omaha, formed in 2003, addressed the obesity epidemic caused by physical inactivity and poor infrastructure to support active living in the community. Intervention: Activate Omaha's efforts focused on a strategic social-marketing campaign using baseline and annual data for guidance. Complementary programming was implemented parallel to the marketing campaigns. Safe Routes to School infrastructure projects were federally funded, and 20 miles of on-street bicycle facilities were funded privately. The mayor's Bicycle Pedestrian Advisory Committee was formed, including directors from city planning and public works. Results: The initiative became recognized by the community as the lead resource promoting physical activity. This enabled the initiative to be instrumental in infrastructure changes and programming targeting the underserved. The initiative leveraged an additional $1,475,000 over 5 years. These funds created opportunities to invest in shared community resources such as providing bicycles for underserved youth building infrastructure through Safe Routes to School initiatives, and successful worksite programming. Lessons learned: Partners should be utilized in a strategic manner, where they are engaged purposefully and serve a role in assuring successful outcomes. Community readiness should determine the focus on policy, physical projects, and promotional and programmatic strategies, as well as the integration of these strategies. Conclusions: Activate Omaha grew into a credible organization moving public policy and leveraging new public-private relationships through multilevel strategies. This approach ultimately led to sustainable changes in the community infrastructure and the behavior of its citizens. © 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.","y","American Journal of Preventive Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"programme of initiatives",1," social-marketing campaign and biike lanes",2,1,1,"Omaha",157,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T646,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Omaha"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T646,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},{"$f":"+V646&U646","v":"usaOmaha"},1,1,0]
["McCausland, K. L.; Allen, J. A.; Duke, J. C.; Xiao, H.; Asche, E. T.; Costantino, J. C.; Vallone, D. M.",2009,"Piloting EX, a social marketing campaign to prompt smoking cessation","This article focuses on the development, implementation, and evaluation of a branded smoking cessation campaign piloted in four cities in the United States. The development of the EX brand and messaging strategies were based on existing public health literature and extensive formative research. Market segmentation was specifically employed to create messages that would resonate with a defined target audience, smokers who were thinking about quitting smoking. This approach led to the creation of a campaign with an empathetic and hopeful tone that was designed to change relevant beliefs about smoking and to increase smokers' self-efficacy in regard to quitting smoking. As part of a comprehensive evaluation, telephone surveys were conducted in three pilot cities to measure awareness of and receptivity to the EX brand. Awareness of EX varied across the three markets based on the media buy. Receptivity to the EX brand was high across the three samples comprised of three different racial/ethnic populations. High receptivity was also found among the target audience: smokers who were thinking about quitting smoking. Findings from this pilot campaign helped to inform the launch of a national smoking cessation campaign.","y","Social Marketing Quarterly","Scopus","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"smoking cessation social media campaign to prpmpt smoking cessation",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T647,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T647,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Hendricks, K.; Wilkerson, R.; Vogt, C.; TenBrink, S.",2009,"Transforming a small midwestern city for physical activity: From the sidewalks up","Background: Jackson, Michigan (population 36,000) started active living interventions to help solve residents' low physical activity levels. Jackson's experience can serve as a case study for beginning similar efforts in smaller communities. Methods: In 2003, Jackson began a 3-prong community intervention utilizing the 5P model to increase safe physical activity opportunities and encourage walking and biking for short trips. The focus included work on projects at 1) elementary schools, 2) worksites, and 3) city-wide networks. Results: Evaluation results show changes in attitudes toward active transportation (8% increase in children who thought walking to school was \"safer\" postintervention), intentions to try active transportation (43% of Smart Commute Day participants \"would\" smart commute more often postevent), and increased physical activity (the percentage of students walking to school more than doubled at 3 of 4 intervention schools). In addition, a community level observational study was conducted at 10 locations in the city in 2005 and 2006. The number of people seen using active transportation increased from 1,028 in 2005 to 1,853 people in 2006 (a 63% increase). Conclusions: Local community-driven projects to increase walking and biking can be effective by utilizing a variety of interventions, from the individual to the policy level. © 2009 Human Kinetics, Inc.","y","Journal of Physical Activity and Health","Scopus","Journal Article","physical activity",1,29,2,"initiatives to increase active travel",1,"community intervention",0,0,0,"Michigan",134,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T648,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Michigan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T648,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaMichigan",1,1,1]
["de Leeuw, E.",2009,"Evidence for Healthy Cities: reflections on practice, method and theory","The European Healthy Cities project can be characterized as a social movement that employs an extremely wide range of political, social and behavioural interventions for the development and sustenance of urban population health. At all of these levels, the movement is inspired by ideological, theoretical and evidence-based perspectives. The result of this stance is a dynamic, complex and diverse landscape of initiatives, plans, programmes and actions. In quantitative terms (the number of WHO designated cities and associated cities and communities through national networks), 'Healthy Cities' can be regarded as an extraordinary accomplishment and a credit for both WHO and cities in the movement. In qualitative terms, however, critics of the movement have maintained that little evidence on its success and effectiveness has been generated. This critique finds its foundations in the mere perceptions of evidence, the politics of science and urban governance, and perspectives on the preferred or professed utilities of evidence-based health notions. The article reviews the nature of evidence and its interface with politics and governance. Applying a conceptual framework combining insights from knowledge utilization theory, theoretical perspectives on (health) policy development, theory-based evaluations and planned intervention approaches, it demonstrates that, although the evidence is overwhelming, there are barriers to the implementation of such evidence that should be further addressed by 'Healthy Cities'.","y","Health promotion international","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy cities project",0,"WHO Healthy Citeis",9,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T649,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T649,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Des Jarlais, D. C.; Arasteh, K.; Hagan, H.; McKnight, C.; Perlman, D. C.; Friedman, S. R.",2009,"Persistence and change in disparities in HIV infection among injection drug users in New York City after large-scale syringe exchange programs","Objectives. We examined racial/ethnic disparities in HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) before and after implementation of large-scale syringe exchange programs in New York City. Methods. Participants were recruited from IDUs entering the Beth Israel drug detoxification program in New York City. Participants (n=1203) recruited from 1990 through 1994, prior to large-scale syringe exchange programs (pre-exchange), were compared with 1109 participants who began injecting in 1995 or later and were interviewed in 1995 through 2008 (post-exchange). Results. There were large differences in HIV prevalence among pre-exchange vs post-exchange participants (African Americans, 57% vs 15%; Hispanics, 53% vs 5%; Whites, 27% vs 3%). Pre- and post-exchange relative disparities of HIV prevalence were similar for African Americans vs Whites (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=3.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.41, 4.96 and AOR=4.02, 95% CI=1.67, 9.69, respectively) and Hispanics vs Whites (AOR=1.76, 95% CI=1.49, 2.09 and AOR=1.49, 95% CI=1.02, 2.17). Racial/ethnic group differences in risk behavior did not explain differences in HIV prevalence. Conclusions. New interventions are needed to address continuing disparities in HIV infection among IDUs, but self-reported risk behaviors by themselves may not be adequate outcome measures for evaluating interventions to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in HIV infection.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1," large-scale syringe exchange programs",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T650,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T650,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Kejriwal, R.; Civil, I.",2009,"Time to definitive care for patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury - Does a trauma system matter?","Aim: The presence of a trauma system has been associated with improved outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by speeding up transfers to a neurosurgical centre. Improved outcomes are associated with time to neurosurgical intervention for those with significant extradural and subdural haemorrhages of less than 4 hours. To compare the outcomes for patients with TBI transferred directly from the scene of injury to Auckland City Hospital (ACH) with those transferred from other hospitals, transfer times and outcomes were evaluated in a consecutive cohort of patients recorded on the ACH trauma registry. Method: Patients admitted to ACH in 2004 and recorded on the trauma registry with a moderate or severe head injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score of 3 or greater) were included. The primary outcomes assessed were median time from injury to arrival and surgery, patient mortality, length of ICU stay and length of hospital stay. Results: 198 patients were admitted at ACH in 2004 with moderate and severe TBI. 95 patients (48%) were transferred from another hospital. Patients transported to ACH from the scene of injury arrived to ACH and underwent neurosurgery within a mean of 3 hours 50 minutes, whereas patients transferred from another hospital took significantly longer than 4 hours to arrive at ACH. Patients transferred from another hospital had similar mortality rate, length of ICU stay and length of hospital stay to those admitted directly. Conclusion: TBI patients who were transferred from another hospital arrived well outside the recommended guidelines. While no significant difference in outcome was noted in this small cohort of patients further studies are warranted. The development of a national trauma registry would allow accumulation of data on larger numbers of patients and determine the true relevance of international best practice guidelines in New Zealand.","y","New Zealand Medical Journal","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,23,2,"implemented a trauma system",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Auckland",9,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T651,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"auckland"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T651,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"New Zealand"},"New Zealandauckland",40,5,1]
["Victora, C. G.; Barros, F. C.; Vaughan, J. P.",2009,"The impact of health interventions on inequalities: Infant and child health in Brazil","This chapter reports on the findings of two population-based cohort studies carried out eleven years apart in the same Brazilian city. These studies provide unique data for examining health inequities in the country, which has the second worst income distribution in the world. Data shows that the coverage of preventive programmes improved, particularly for the poorest mothers and children. The gap in malnutrition prevalence also diminished. For mortality, where reductions for the wealthy were still possible, the gap persisted with the same magnitude. Good quality care is most available to those who need it the least. The proposed corollary to this law - that new interventions will tend to increase inequity since they will initially reach those who are already better off - appears to hold. Thus, inequity gaps will increase with new technologies, but may eventually decrease as these trickle down the social scale. © Oxford University Press, 2001. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","health",1,8,2,"preventation programmes",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T652,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T652,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,2,0]
["Cirera, L.; Rodríguez, M.; Giménez, J.; Jiménez, E.; Saez, M.; Guillén, J. J.; Medrano, J.; Martínez-Victoria, M. A.; Ballester, F.; Moreno-Grau, S.; Navarro, C.",2009,"Effects of public health interventions on industrial emissions and ambient air in Cartagena, Spain","Background, aim, and scope: Ten years of public health interventions on industrial emissions to clean air were monitored for the Mediterranean city of Cartagena. During the 1960s, a number of large chemical and non-ferrous metallurgical factories were established that significantly deteriorated the city's air quality. By the 1970s, the average annual air concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) ranged from 200 to 300 μg/m3 (standard conditions units). In 1979, the Spanish government implemented an industrial intervention plan to improve the performance of factories and industrial air pollution surveillance. Unplanned urban development led to residential housing being located adjacent to three major factories. Factory A produced lead, factory B processed zinc from ore concentrates, and factory C produced sulfuric acid and phosphates. This, in combination with the particular abrupt topography and frequent atmospheric thermal inversions, resulted in the worsening of air quality and heightening concern for public health. In 1990, the City Council authorized the immediate intervention at these factories to reduce or shut down production if ambient levels of SO2 or total suspended particles (TSP) exceeded a time-emission threshold in pre-established meteorological contexts. The aim of this research was to assess the appropriateness and effectiveness of the intervention plan implemented from 1992 to 2001 to abate industrial air pollution. Materials and methods: The maximum daily 1-h ambient air level of SO2, NO2, and TSP pollutants was selected from one of the three urban automatic stations, designed to monitor ambient air quality around industrial emissions sources. The day on which an intervention took place to reduce and/or interrupt industrial production by factory and pollutant was defined as a control day, and the day after an intervention as a post-control day. To assess the short-term intervention effect on air quality, an ecological time series design was applied, using regression analysis in generalized additive models, focusing on day-to-day variations of ambient air pollutants levels. Two indicators were estimated: (a) appropriateness, the ratio between mean levels of the pollutant for control days versus the other days, and (b) effectiveness, the ratio between mean levels of the pollutant for post-control days versus the other days. Ratios in regression analyses were adjusted for trend, seasonality, temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure, calendar day, and special events as well as the other pollutants. Results: A total of 702 control days were made on the factories' industrial production during the 10-year period. Fifteen reductions and five shutdown control days took place at factory A for ambient air SO2. At factory B, more controls were carried out for the SO2 pollutant in the years 1992-1993 and 1997. At factory C, the control days for SO2 decreased from 59 reductions and 14 shutdowns to a minimum from 1995 onwards, whereas the controls on TSP were more frequent, reaching a maximum of 99 reductions and 47 shutdowns in the last year. SO2 ambient air mean levels ranged from 456 to 699 μg/m3 among factories on reduction control days and between 624 and 1,010 μg/m3 on shutdown days. The TSP ambient air mean levels were 428 and 506 μg/m3 on reduction and shutdown days, respectively. For all types of control days and factories, a mean ratio of 104% (95% confidence interval [CI] 88 to 121) in SO2 levels was obtained and a mean ratio of 67% (95% CI 59 to 75) in TSP levels. Post-control days at all factories showed a mean ratio of -16% (95% CI -7 to -24) in SO2 levels and a mean ratio of -13% (95% CI -7 to -19) in TSP levels. Discussion: Interventions on industrial production based on the urban SO2 and TSP ambient air levels were justified by the high concentrations detected. The best assessment of the interventions' effectiveness would have been to utilize the ambient air pollutant concentration readings from the entire time of the production shutdowns or reductions; however, the daily hourly maximum tu ned out to be a useful indicator because of meteorological factors influencing the diurnal concentration profile. A substantial number of interventions were carried out from 1 to 3 am, when vehicular traffic was minimum. On the other hand, atmospheric stability undergoes diurnal cycling in the autumn-winter period due to thermal inversion, which reaches maximum levels around daybreak. Therefore, this increases the ambient air levels and justified the interventions carried out at daybreak in spite of the traffic influence. Conclusions: All the interventions for SO2 and TSP were carried out when the measured ambient air levels of pollutants were exceeded, which shows the appropriateness of the intervention program. This excess was greater when intervening on SO 2 than on the TSP levels. For both ambient air levels of SO 2 and TSP, significant drops in air pollution were achieved from all three factories following activity reductions. The production shutdown controls were very effective, because they returned excess levels, higher than in the reduction controls, to everyday mean values. Recommendations and perspectives: The Cartagena City observational system of intermittent control has proven to effectively reduce industrial emissions' impact on ambient air quality. This experienced model approach could serve well in highly polluted industrial settings. From a public health perspective, studies are needed to assess that the industrial interventions to control air pollution were related to healthier human populations. Legislation was needed to allow the public administration to take direct actions upon the polluting industries. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.","y","Environmental Science and Pollution Research","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Public health interventions to improve air quality (from industrial polutants)",2,"enforced factory shutdown",4,0,2,"Cartagena",40,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T653,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Cartagena"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T653,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Colombia"},"ColombiaCartagena",4,3,1]
["McAllister, C.",2008,"Child friendly cities and land use planning: Implications for children's health","The environment surrounding us sends strong messages about how to behave and what to perceive. Planners and decision-makers play a key role in constructing these messages, and therefore help determine how people view and interact with the world. As a result, the living environment and its associated messages can greatly influence the physical, social and mental health of all residents. Since children are just learning about the world, their living environment will profoundly influence almost all aspects of their lives. This puts a great deal of responsibility on the shoulders of planners, who need to balance a number of different issues in urban design to make places more child-friendly. Four major issues that are critical to the creation and maintenance of a child-friendly community are: safety, greenspace, access and integration. The benefits of child-friendly community design range from the promotion of healthier lifestyles, to Improving the quality of social interactions to the long-term sustainability of natural spaces. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) program Child Friendly Cities promotes child-friendly community design and inclusive decision-making. Waterloo, Ontario, a mid-sized Canadian city, has many positive and community-oriented attributes, but could benefit greatly from incorporating child-friendly design procedures and participatory decision-making. Uenvironnement dans lequel on vit influence nos comportements et nos perceptions, par les messages qu'il nous transmet. Les planificateurs et les dé-cideurs jouent un rôle capital dans la construction de ces messages qui, par conséquent, déterminent la manière dont les gens perçoivent le monde et comment ils y interagis-sent. C'est pourquoi Ľenvironnement de vie et les messages qui y sont associés peuvent influer grandement sur la santé physique, sociale et mentale de tous les citoyens. Puisque les enfants apprennent tout juste à connaître le monde, leur environnement de vie aura une incidence pro-fonde sur la plupart des aspects de leur vie. Cela met une lourde responsabilité sur les épaules des planificateurs, qui doivent équilibrer bon nombre d'enjeux différents en matière de design d'environnement pour rendre les espaces de vie plus conviviaux pour les enfants. Les quatre en- jeux les plus essentielles à la création et au maintien de collectivités favorables aux enfants sont la sécurité, les espaces verts, Ľaccès et Ľintégration. Les bien-faits de la conception de collectivités accueillantes pour les enfants vont de la promotion de modes de vie plus sains à Ľamélioration des interactions sociales, en passant par la durabilité à long terme des espaces naturels. Le programme Villes adaptées aux enfants du Fonds des Nations Unies pour Ľenfance (UNI-CEF) fait la promotion de Ľaménagement de collectivités accueillantes pour les enfants et ďune prise de décision inclusive. La ville de Waterloo, en Ontario, une ville canadienne de taille moyenne, possède de nombreuses caractéristiques positives et axées sur la collectivité, mais elle pourrait grandement profiter de procédures ďintégration ďun design adapté aux enfants et de prise de décision participative.","y","Environments","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Urban design and planning to improve child health",2,"city planning",1,0,0,"Waterloo, Ontario",235,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T654,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Waterloo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T654,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaWaterloo",17,1,0]
["Mingardo, G.",2008,"Cities and innovative urban transport policies","Successful modern cities must combine high levels of accessibility and quality of life. These aims may conflict with each other: increasing accessibility could be detrimental to the urban environment while the improvement of urban air quality might mean restricting the accessibility of the city. The challenge for cities in the 21st century is to maintain economic growth, stay accessible and improve quality of life at the same time. The aim of this paper is to increase understanding of how cities should address their transport policies. Examples from London (UK) and Gothenburg (Sweden) are used to emphasize the character of innovative urban transport policies. Copyright © eContent Management Pty Ltd.","y","Innovation: Management, Policy and Practice","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"city transport policies",2,"policy",1,0,0,"London\nGothenburg",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T655,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T655,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,3,0]
["Quintero-Nuez, M.; Nieblas-Ortiz, E. C.",2008,"Failures and successes in the implementation of an air quality management program in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico","The Program to Improve the Air quality of Mexicali 2000-2005 (PROAIR) was released in the year 2000. The implementation of the program was based on 5 strategies and their specific actions that if applied according to the program would have helped to reduce the emissions of the different contaminants that exceeded the acceptable values of air quality. The PROAIR followed national guidelines to evaluate, what at the time were considered the most polluted cities in Mexico, such us Mexico City, Guadalajara and Jalisco among others. The programs strategies and their actions were directed to the following components and work areas: industry, commerce and services, vehicles, urban management and transport, ecological recovery and research, and international agreements. Mexicali, being located at the California-Baja California border has received many environmental benefits derived from border protocols established between Mexico and the USA, such as the Border 2012 Program, still running. Seven years after the implementation of PROAIR in Mexicali, very little progress has been observed in the actions outlined in the Programs strategies. The analysis of the actual situation of the Program is presented in this document along with recommendations on how to improve it to benefit community health.","y","16th International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Air Pollution, Air Pollution 2008","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,16,2,"Air quality management program",7,"policy",1,0,0,"Mexicali",129,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T656,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexicali"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T656,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexicali",1,1,0]
["Condran, G. A.; Murphy, J.",2008,"Defining and managing infant mortality: A case study of Philadelphia, 1870-1920","Historically, public health workers, physicians, and reformers have used the infant mortality rate as an indicator of the goodness of a society - its general welfare, the justness of its political system, the efficacy of its public works, the benevolence of its powerful; a high rate of death among the very young was an index of a community's shame. These views of the infant mortality rate as reflecting general characteristics of a society were widely displayed in the second half of the nineteenth century even as most disease entities were becoming more narrowly defined and ordinarily linked not to the nature of society or individual predisposition but to specific pathological organisms. Using Philadelphia as a case study, we examine the history of the infant mortality rate from 1870 through 1920, both the technical aspects of its calculation and its use as an indicator of broad societal problems and a catalyst for policy. Our emphasis is not on explaining the trends in the death rates of the very young but on the uses and meanings given to the infant mortality rate during the second half of the nineteenth ceniur and the first decades of the twentieth century specifically as they related to three efforts to lower infant death rates - removing infants from the city, improving the supply of milk, and establishing child hygiene programs. © 2008 by Social Science History Association.","y","Social Science History","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"removing infants fromte h city, improving the supply of milk, and establishing child hygiene programs",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Philadelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T657,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T657,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,0]
["Lasley, C. B.",2008,"Creating an environmentally just park system in Louisville, Kentucky","Louisville, Kentucky, is undergoing one of the nation's largest park expansion initiatives. The City of Parks Plan will add 8,000 acres of parkland to the city by the time it is completed. Principles of environmental justice suggest that new policy should consider issues of access and balance with nature as it relates to all people. A sustainable park system brings additional environmental, economic, social and health benefits to communities near them, helping to stabilize communities and build sustainable neighborhoods. This study examines park access for minorities in the current Metro Parks system, evaluates the City of Parks policy as it relates to access and makes recommendations as to how the municipality might alter the City of Parks initiative to improve park access for its minority population.","y","Projections","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,36,2,"Park expansion",2,"policy / plan",1,0,0,"Louisville",121,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T658,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Louisville"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T658,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaLouisville",1,1,0]
["Hamilton-Baillie, B.",2008,"Towards shared space","The streets and spaces that constitute the majority of our public realm play an increasingly important role in the economic and social foundations of towns and cities. Simultaneously, public dissatisfaction with the clutter and barriers associated with conventional traffic engineering is growing. There is also growing recognition of the links between health and the quality of the built environment. New approaches to reconciling the relationship between traffic and the public realm represent a significant challenge to long-standing assumptions underpinning the conventional segregation of traffic from civic space associated with established policy and practice. Often labelled 'shared space', such schemes raise important questions about risk and safety, the role of government in regulating and controlling behaviour and the conventional professional boundaries of urban designers and traffic engineers. A radical review of the role of government in regulating and controlling street design, combined with decisive changes in the organisational structure and processes employed by highway authorities is implied if the benefits for safety, traffic capacity, health and economic vitality from shared space are to be realised. This paper outlines the background and principles underpinning shared space, and describes some of the significant examples in the UK and mainland Europe.","y","Urban Design International","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Reviewing shared space schemes",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T659,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T659,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",3,3,0]
["Cerci Neto, A.; Ferreira Filho, O. F.; Bueno, T.; Talhari, M. A.",2008,"Reduction in the number of asthma-related hospital admissions after the implementation of a multidisciplinary asthma control program in the city of Londrina, Brazil","Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the reduction in the number of asthma-related hospital admissions and the changes occurring after the intervention performed in the health care system of the city of Londrina, Brazil. Methods: In 2003, an intervention was performed in the local health care system (Family Health Clinics). The steps adopted were as follows: development of a protocol based on the III Brazilian Consensus on Asthma Management; access to free inhaled corticosteroids for patients; training of health professionals; and implementation of educational measures, especially for the community. The authorizations for hospital admissions of patients diagnosed with asthma alone between 2002 and 2005 in the city of Londrina were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 14.3 ± 0.5 years, without gender predominance. The number of hospital admissions fell more markedly in 2005 than in the previous years studied. This decline was more pronounced at the Family Health Clinics where professional training occurred earlier. The post-intervention (2004-2005) rate of asthma-related hospital admissions (120/100,000 inhabitants) was significantly lower than the pre-intervention (2002-2003) rate (178/100,000 inhabitants; p < 0.01). Conclusions: The admission curve showed a tendency toward a reduction after 2003, and, aside from the intervention performed, no other factors that would explain the results obtained were identified. The rate at which the number of hospital admissions decreased was in direct proportion to the length of time elapsed since the intervention (greater decreases over time). We conclude that the intervention performed in the local health care system was responsible for the data presented.","y","Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia","Scopus","Journal Article","Asthma",2,5,2,"Asthma control program",1,"protocol development; access to treatments; training",0,0,0,"Londrina",117,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T660,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Londrina"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T660,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilLondrina",14,2,2]
["Somannavar, S.; Lanthorn, H.; Deepa, M.; Pradeepa, R.; Rema, M.; Mohan, V.",2008,"Increased awareness about diabetes and its complications in a whole city: Effectiveness of the \"Prevention, Awareness, Counselling and Evaluation\" [PACE] Diabetes Project [PACE-6]","Aims and Objectives : To determine the effectiveness of a large scale multipronged diabetes awareness program provided through community involvement in Chennai. Material and Methods: Mass awareness and free screening camps were conducted between 2004-2007 at various locations of Chennai as part of the Prevention, Awareness, Counselling and Evaluation [PACE] Diabetes Project. During a 3-year period, 774 diabetes awareness camps were conducted to reach the public directly. After the PACE project was completed, 3,000 individuals, representative of Chennai, were surveyed in 2007 using a systematic stratified random sampling technique. The results were compared to a similar survey carried out, as part of the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study [CURES] in 2001 - 2002, which served as a measure of baseline diabetes awareness. Results: Awareness of a condition called \"diabetes\" increased significantly from 75.5% in 2001-2002 (CURES) to 81% (p < 0.001) in 2007 (PACE). 74.1% of the citizens of Chennai are now aware that the prevalence of diabetes is increasing as compared to 60.2% earlier [p<0.001]. Significantly more people felt that diabetes could be prevented (p<0.001), and that a combination of diet and exercise were needed to do so (p<0.001). Respondents reporting obesity, family history of diabetes, hypertension and mental stress as risk factors increased significantly after PACE (p<0.001). More people were able to correctly identify the eyes (PACE 38.1% compared to CURES -16.1%, p < 0.001), kidney (PACE 42.3% compared to CURES 16.1%, p < 0.001), heart (PACE 4.6% compared to CURES 5.8%, p < 0.001) and feet (PACE 35.0% vs CURES 21.9%, p < 0.001) as the main organs affected by diabetes. Conclusion: Through direct public education and mass media campaigns, awareness about diabetes and its complications can be improved even in a whole city. If similar efforts are implemented state-wise and nationally, prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, specifically diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is an achievable goal in India. © JAPI 2008.","y","Journal of Association of Physicians of India","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,9,2,"Diabetes awareness programme and screening camps",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Chennai",48,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T661,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Chennai"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T661,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"India"},"IndiaChennai",7,4,1]
["Harnik, P.; Walle, B.",2008,"Proceed without caution","Park agencies in US' cities are closing the roads to cars, either permanently or periodically, to improve their park's environment and to help citizens enhance their physical and mental health as well as to save money and to increase safety too. The most significant and unexpected fact is that an automobile ban increases rather than decreases the number of persons using a park. Whatever type of road is considered for closure, park planners must address the issue of access. If private automobiles are banned, then walking and bicycling options are needed as well as better transit.","y","Planning","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Closing roads to cars ",2,"policy",1,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T662,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T662,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Carrière, G. L.",2008,"Linking women to health and wellness: Street Outreach takes a population health approach","In a small city (population 86,000) situated in the Interior Health Authority, one of six health authorities in British Columbia, Canada, a local Public Health Street Outreach program was challenged with addressing the increasing complexities of individuals and families affected by substance use, poverty, mental illness, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and homelessness. The individual health service delivery model currently used to provide care in the community, limited and impeded prevention and health promotion activities by nurses working with these populations. Changing to a client centred population health approach instead of the individual service approach gave Street Outreach nurses greater flexibility so that they were able to more effectively engage with clients, families, and other service providers regarding health related issues. The strategies that were developed to use a client centered population health approach entailed: (1) a compilation of health and related information of a specific client group (vulnerable, disenfranchised women); (2) a community based health conference for the specific client group and (3) resource development and knowledge translation to increase the education and awareness of health and social services providers as well as the community at large. All strategies were developed with particular attention to the World Health Organization (WHO) health determinants. Implementation of these strategies resulted in the building of capacity within the specific target group and their families, other health and service providers and the community at large. Crown Copyright © 2008.","n","International Journal of Drug Policy","Scopus","Journal Article","Health and wellness",2,0,2,"Population health approach - service reform, education, confernce",3,"not stated",0,0,0,"British Columbia",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T663,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T663,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",2,1,0]
["Schilling, J.; Keyes, S. D.",2008,"The promise of Wisconsin's 1999 comprehensive planning law: Land-use policy reforms to support active living","Weaving together the disciplines of planning and policy change with the emerging research of active living, this article explores the competing interests and underlying political forces behind the design and passage of Wisconsin's Comprehensive Planning Law of 1999. While Wisconsin's law remains a work in progress, it illustrates the contemporary policy battles over land use and smart growth and the resurgence of the property-rights movement. It further highlights the influence of smart-growth coalitions and policy networks on planning reform. The authors suggest that planning practitioners and active-living proponents can adapt and transfer these policy lessons from Wisconsin to address the complex relationships of the built environment, physical activity, and the nation's current obesity problem through state and local planning reforms. © 2008 by Duke University Press.","y","Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"planning and land use policy",2,"Wisconsin's Comprehensive Planning Law of 1999",1,2,0,"Wisconsin",236,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T664,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Wisconsin Rapids"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T664,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaWisconsin Rapids",1,1,0]
["DeMairo, P.; Dischell, J.; Jouthe, S. A.; Horner, A.",2008,"The teen outreach reproductive CHallenge: Improving adolescent health care delivery through peer education projects","The Teen Outreach Reproductive CHallenge (TORCH) is a peer education program that provides information on various topics relevant to adolescent sexual health to a diverse audience, ranging from teens to health care providers. This information is disseminated through various projects by a group of New York City high-school students who are extensively trained to become peer educators. One TORCH project is the peer leadership and advocacy project, in which peer educators perform workshops related to issues of sexual health and rights for New York City teens. Another TORCH project is the Adolescent Health Care Communication Project, which focuses on improving communication between health care providers and adolescents. In addition, there is the Adolescent Standardized Patient Project, where selected TORCH members act as standardized patients in medical training programs. The goal of TORCH is to empower youth to educate their peers as well as health care providers about adolescent sexual health issues.","y","American Journal of Sexuality Education","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,47,2,"Peer education programme",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T665,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T665,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Arcêncio, R. A.; Oliveira, M. F.; Cardozo-Gonzales, R. I.; Ruffino-Netto, A.; Pinto, I. C.; Villa, T. C. S.",2008,"City tuberculosis control coordinators' perspectives of patient adherence to DOT in São Paulo State, Brazil, 2005","SETTING: Thirty-six priority cities in São Paulo State, Brazil, with a high incidence of tuberculosis (TB) cases, deaths and treatment default. OBJECTIVE: To identify the perspectives of city TB control coordinators regarding the most important components of adherence strategies adopted by health care teams to ensure patient adherence in 36 priority cities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN: Qualitative research with semi-structured interviews conducted with the coordinators of the National TB Control Programme involved in the management of TB treatment services in the public sector. RESULTS: The main issues thought to influence adherence to directly observed treatment (DOT) by coordinators include incentives and benefits delivered to patients, patient-health care worker bonding and comprehensive care, the encouragement given by others to follow treatment (family, neighbours and health professionals), and help provided by health professionals for patients to recover their self-esteem. CONCLUSION: The main aspects mentioned by city TB control coordinators regarding patient adherence to treatment and to DOT in São Paulo are improvements in communications, relationships based on trust, a humane approach and including the patients in the decision-making process concerning their health. © 2008 The Union.","y","International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","Scopus","Journal Article","TB",2,34,1,"TB control co-ordinators",3,"QI to co-ordinator service",3,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T666,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T666,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,2,0]
["Fera, T.; Bluml, B. M.; Ellis, W. M.; Schaller, C. W.",2008,"The Diabetes Ten City Challenge: Interim clinical and humanistic outcomes of a multisite community pharmacy diabetes care program","Objective: To assess clinical and humanistic outcomes 1 year after initiating the Diabetes Ten City Challenge (DTCC), a multisite community pharmacy health management program for patients with diabetes. Design: Interim observational analysis of deidentified aggregate data from participating employer clients. Setting: 29 employers at 10 distinct geographic sites contracting for patient care services with pharmacy providers in the community setting. Participants: 914 patients with diabetes covered by self-insured employers' health plans who received 3 or more months of pharmacist care and had an initial glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) measurement. Community-based pharmacists were trained in a diabetes certificate program and reimbursed for clinical services. Interventions: Community-based pharmacists provided patient care services using scheduled consultations, clinical goal setting, a validated patient self-management program tool, and health status monitoring within a collaborative care management model. Main outcome measures: Changes in key direct and surrogate outcomes, including glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol,, blood pressure measurements, and body mass index; influenza vaccinations; foot examinations; eye examinations; numbers of patients with goals for nutrition, exercise, and weight; and patient satisfaction. Results: At initial visit compared with 1 year, mean A1C decreased from 7.6% to 7.2%, mean LDL cholesterol decreased from 96 to 93 mg/dL, and mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 131 to 129 mm Hg. Increases were seen for influenza vaccination rate (from 43% to 61%), eye examination rate (from 60% to 77%), and foot examination rate (from 38% to 68%) for the initial visit to the end of the analysis period. For all patients in DTCC, those who perceived that their overall diabetes care was very good to excellent increased from 39% to 87%. Overall, 97.5% reported being very satisfied or satisfied with the diabetes care provided by pharmacists. Conclusion: Employers demonstrated a willingness to offer a voluntary health benefit to employees and their dependents with diabetes that uses pharmacists to help participants achieve self-management goals. Patients participating in the first year of DTCC had measurable improvement in clinical indicators of diabetes management, higher rates of self-management goal setting, and increased satisfaction with diabetes care. Based on results of previous studies, these positive trends are expected to drive a corresponding decline in projected total direct patient medical costs.","n","duplicate","Scopus","Journal Article","Diabetes",2,9,2,"Pharmacy diabetes care program",1,"pharmacists provided patient care services",0,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T667,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T667,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,2]
["Hegerl, U.; Wittmann, M.; Arensman, E.; van Audenhove, C.; Bouleau, J. H.; van der Feltz-Cornelis, C.; Gusmao, R.; Kopp, M.; Löhr, C.; Maxwell, M.; Meise, U.; Mirjanic, M.; Oskarsson, H.; Sola, V. P.; Pull, C.; Pycha, R.; Ricka, R.; Tuulari, J.; Värnik, A.; Pfeiffer-Gerschel, T.",2008,"The 'European Alliance Against Depression (EAAD)': A multifaceted, community-based action programme against depression and suicidality","Action programmes fostering partnerships and bringing together regional and national authorities to promote the care of depressed patients are urgently needed. In 2001 the 'Nuremberg Alliance Against Depression' was initiated as a community-based model project within the large-scale 'German Research Network on Depression and Suicidality' (Kompetenznetz 'Depression, Suizidalität'). The 'Nuremberg Alliance Against Depression' was an action programme, conducted in the city of Nuremberg (500,000 inhabitants) in 2001/2002, addressing four intervention levels (Hegerl et al. Psychol Med 2006;36:1225). Based on the positive results of the Nuremberg project (a significant reduction of suicidal behaviour by more than 20%) 18 international partners representing 16 different European countries established the 'European Alliance Against Depression' (EAAD) in 2004. Based on the four-level approach of the Nuremberg project, all regional partners initiated respective regional intervention programmes addressing depression and suicidality. Evaluation of the activities takes place on regional and international levels. This paper gives a brief overview of the background for and experiences with the EAAD. It describes the components of the programme, provides the rationale for the intervention and outlines the current status of the project. The aim of the paper is to disseminate information about the programme's potential to reduce suicidal behaviour and to provide examples of how European community-based 'best practice' models for improving the care of depressed patients and suicidal persons can be implemented using a bottom-up approach. EAAD is mentioned by the European commission as a best practice example within the Green Paper 'Improving the mental health of the population: Towards a strategy on mental health for the European Union' (European Commission 2005).","n","duplicate","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,25,2,"community-based action programme",7,"community partnership",2,0,0,"Nuremberg ",150,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T668,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nuremberg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T668,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyNuremberg",28,3,1]
["Hathaway, A. D.; Tousaw, K. I.",2008,"Harm reduction headway and continuing resistance: Insights from safe injection in the city of Vancouver","North America's first official safe injection facility has begun to generate substantial evidence attesting to the harm reduction benefits of supervised injection. Reductions in morbidity, mortality, and crime rates have strengthened the resolve of local advocates and even influenced the views of some original detractors. Many status quo defenders are unwavering, however, in their condemnation of initiatives like InSite. The term 'drug den' has been used in right-wing media and some opponents of the programme say the evidence is biased. In their view, harm reduction advocates are really 'legalisers' in the guise of scientists and public health professionals. Providing services for people with drug problems sends the message that some use of drugs is normal, rather than affirming that drug use is the problem. Abstinence, prevention, and enforcement are the only acceptable and morally legitimate solutions. Harm reduction's muted stance on morals, rights and values prevents proponents from engaging criticisms of this nature in terms other than the evidence or science. The case of InSite in Vancouver, however, the authors argue, demonstrates the value of asserting human rights claims that do not rest on evidence per se. Scientific arguments are insufficient in themselves to move beyond the status quo on drugs. Rights-based moral warrants in support of harm reduction require far more extensive and explicit cultivation if they are to be discursively established and maintained. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","y","International Journal of Drug Policy","Scopus","Journal Article","Quality of healthcare",2,2,1,"Safe and legal injection facilities",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Vancouver",223,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T669,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Vancouver"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T669,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaVancouver",2,1,2]
["Lavalle, A. G.",2008,"Contextual politics of service delivery reforms: Lessons from Delhi, Mexico City and São Paulo comparison","Little attention has been given to the contextual politics of service delivery reforms. By focusing on cases of reform in the healthcare sector and, to a lesser extent, in the main policies in the social service sector in India, Mexico and Brazil, this article explores two dimensions of analysis which have enormous relevance in understanding the reach and effectiveness of service delivery reforms: (1) the historical timing of reforms and sectorial baselines, and (2) the degree and institutional locus of local discretion in policy. Findings show that depending on both dimensions, there is an extraordinary variation as to the degree, interests involved and meaning of changes which, in theory, correspond to these countries' commitment to the service delivery reforms. However, consideration of the contextual politics is relevant not for the sake of diversity but for the similarities that this diversity reveals, pointing to underlying analytic dimensions that receive attention in this article. © Institute of Development Studies.","y","IDS Bulletin","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"Reviewing contextual politics of service delivery reforms",3,"analysis to understand the reach and effectiveness of service delivery reforms",1,1,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T670,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T670,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Gaebel, W.; Zäske, H.; Baumann, A. E.; Klosterkötter, J.; Maier, W.; Decker, P.; Möller, H. J.",2008,"Evaluation of the German WPA \"Program against stigma and discrimination because of schizophrenia - Open the Doors\": Results from representative telephone surveys before and after three years of antistigma interventions","Objectives: In 2001, the World Psychiatric Association's global antistigma-program \"Fighting stigma and discrimination because of schizophrenia - Open the Doors\" was initiated in Germany. Several measures to tackle the stigma in certain target populations have been proven successful, but the effectiveness of the program on the general population level has not yet been examined. Methods: Before the start of a number of antistigma interventions in 2001, a professional survey institute was commissioned to conduct a representative telephone survey in 6 German cities (N = 7225). The cities were chosen with respect to the implementation of antistigma programs (Düsseldorf, Munich), awareness programs (Bonn, Cologne; with the aim to enhance early recognition of schizophrenia), and none of the programs (Berlin, Essen). A panel design follow-up survey (N = 4622) was conducted in 2004. Stereotypes, beliefs and attitudes about schizophrenia and social distance - i.e. the distance between different groups of society - towards people with schizophrenia, and the knowledge of antistigma projects were assessed. Results: Overall, social distance decreased significantly between 2001 and 2004 (p = 0.001). At the city level, this effect was only significant in those cities where antistigma projects were implemented (p < 0.001), although the observed attitude changes were small. In cities with antistigma projects, social distance primarily decreased in the social distance subscale \"transient social relations\" (p < 0.001), but not in the subscale \"closer social relations\". Both subcales did not change significantly in cities without antistigma projects. Discussion: The present study provides limited evidence for the efficacy of antistigma interventions on the population level in Germany. Further research is needed to separate direct effects of antistigma interventions from more general, indirect influences on social distance. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","y","Schizophrenia Research","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,25,2,"Anti-stigma program",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Düsseldorf, Munich, Bonn, Cologne, Berlin, Essen",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T671,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T671,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",28,3,1]
["Escobedo, F. J.; Wagner, J. E.; Nowak, D. J.; De la Maza, C. L.; Rodriguez, M.; Crane, D. E.",2008,"Analyzing the cost effectiveness of Santiago, Chile's policy of using urban forests to improve air quality","Santiago, Chile has the distinction of having among the worst urban air pollution problems in Latin America. As part of an atmospheric pollution reduction plan, the Santiago Regional Metropolitan government defined an environmental policy goal of using urban forests to remove particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) in the Gran Santiago area. We used cost effectiveness, or the process of establishing costs and selecting least cost alternatives for obtaining a defined policy goal of PM10 removal, to analyze this policy goal. For this study, we quantified PM10 removal by Santiago's urban forests based on socioeconomic strata and using field and real-time pollution and climate data via a dry deposition urban forest effects model. Municipal urban forest management costs were estimated using management cost surveys and Chilean Ministry of Planning and Cooperation documents. Results indicate that managing municipal urban forests (trees, shrubs, and grass whose management is under the jurisdiction of Santiago's 36 municipalities) to remove PM10 was a cost-effective policy for abating PM10 based on criteria set by the World Bank. In addition, we compared the cost effectiveness of managing municipal urban forests and street trees to other control policies (e.g. alternative fuels) to abate PM10 in Santiago and determined that municipal urban forest management efficiency was similar to these other air quality improvement measures. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","y","Journal of Environmental Management","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,16,2,"urban forests to improve air quality",2,"policy",1,0,2,"Santiago",189,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T672,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Santiago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T672,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"chile"},"chileSantiago",19,2,0]
["McDermid, J.",2007,"Place the book in their hands: Grace paterson's contribution to the health and welfare policies of the School Board of Glasgow, 1885-1906","This article focuses on the role of Grace Paterson (1843-1925) in education, health and social welfare in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Glasgow. Integral to her efforts to improve the health of the city's poor was her emphasis on the need to raise the standards of the domestic education of working-class girls and women, both in the Board schools (she was one of the first women elected to the Glasgow School Board in 1885) and through the establishment of the Glasgow School of Cookery a decade earlier. Paterson did not herself teach, instead organizing and directing the work of others, and her contribution to education and health was within the expectations of service expected of middle-class women. Nevertheless, she was a firm believer in women's capacity both for work and for representation on public bodies, and she was determined not only to influence welfare policy but to make it.","y","History of Education","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Raise standards in domestic education",1,"influencing policy of school boards",1,0,0,"Glasgow",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T673,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T673,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",50,3,0]
["Zimmerman, R. S.; Palmgreen, P. M.; Noar, S. M.; Lustria, M. L. A.; Lu, H. Y.; Horosewski, M. L.",2007,"Effects of a televised two-city safer sex mass media campaign targeting high-sensation-seeking and impulsive-decision-making young adults","This study evaluates the ability of a safer sex televised public service announcement (PSA) campaign to increase safer sexual behavior among at-risk young adults. Independent, monthly random samples of 100 individuals were surveyed in each city for 21 months as part of an interrupted-time-series design with a control community. The 3-month high-audience-saturation campaign took place in Lexington, KY, with Knoxville, TN, as a comparison city. Messages were especially designed and selected for the target audience (those above the median on a composite sensation-seeking/impulsive-decision-making scale). Data indicate high campaign exposure among the target audience, with 85%-96% reporting viewing one or more PSAs. Analyses indicate significant 5-month increases in condom use, condom-use self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions among the target group in the campaign city with no changes in the comparison city. The results suggest that a carefully targeted, intensive mass media campaign using televised PSAs can change safer sexual behaviors. © 2007 by SOPHE.","y","Health Education and Behavior","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,47,2,"televised campaign",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Lexington (kentucky)",114,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T674,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Lexington"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T674,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaLexington",1,1,1]
["Emery, J.; Crump, C.; Hawkins, M.",2007,"Formative evaluation of AARP's Active for Life campaign to improve walking and bicycling environments in two cities","AARP conducted a 2.5-year social-marketing campaign to improve physical activity levels among older adults in Richmond, Virginia and Madison, Wisconsin. This article presents formative evaluation findings from the campaign's policy/environmental change component. Evaluation data were abstracted from technical-assistance documentation and telephone interviews. Results include 11 policy and 14 environmental changes attained or in-process by campaign closure. Differences between the cities' results are explained through differences in program implementation (e.g., types of changes planned, formalization of partnerships). Project teams took less time deciding to pursue policy change than environmental change; however, planning the policy activities took longer than planning environmental-change activities. Recommendations for future policy/environmental change interventions focus on the selection of strategies; planning for administrative resources; formalizing partnerships to ensure sustainability of impact; ensuring training and technical assistance; and documenting progress. Similar intervention results may be attainable with a multi-year timeframe, adequate part-time coordination, and committed volunteers.","y","Health promotion practice","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,10,2,"Policy and environmental   changes to improve walking and bicycling environments\n",7,"social-marketing campaign; telephone interviews",1,0,0,"Richmond\nMadison",171,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T675,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Richmond"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T675,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaRichmond",1,1,1]
["Chia, M.",2007,"PRIDE for PLAY: Personal responsibility in daily effort for participation in lifelong activity for youths. A Singaporean context","Singapore, a developed city state of four million people is experiencing the pitfalls that come with rapid modernisation and economic progress- elevated disease risk factors among adults and young people. Weekly compulsory physical education classes of 70 minutes in schools and the associated sports activities after classes are inadequate to meet emergent physical activity guidelines of a daily accumulation of at least 90 minutes of physical activity of at least moderate intensity. Daily play sessions that are exclusive of an active daily recess, physical education classes taught by trained specialists and after-school sport sessions, can provide many developmental and holistic health benefits that may carry over into adulthood. A school environment that is play-encouraging, play-enabling and play-inviting can be a useful, innovative and natural way of inculcating a love for movement and help redress a serious trend of physical activity insufficiency while youngsters engage electronic gaming activities. Pilot initiatives for the PRIDE (personal responsibility in daily effort) for PLAY (participation in lifelong activity for youths) programme is a radicalised approach in a number of primary schools in Singapore to infuse daily physical play of between 20 to 45 minutes during curriculum hours. The hope is that PRIDE for PLAY will reap benefits of improved holistic health of youngsters- better physical, social, emotional and mental attributes. While PRIDE for PLAY is no panacea to all of the ills of modernisation, it will go some way in helping the students of tomorrow to be physically healthy, socially more engaged and tolerant of others, mentally more apt to problem-solve and emotionally more proficient to embrace working life in adulthood. ©Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2007).","y","Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Activity programme in Schools",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Singapore",198,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T676,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Singapore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T676,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"singapore"},"singaporeSingapore",52,4,0]
["Minnett, V.; Poutanen, M. A.",2007,"Swatting flies for health: Children and tuberculosis in early twentieth-century Montreal","Responding to an appeal by city physicians and health reformers to destroy a prodigious disease carrier, the housefly, the Montreal Daily Star launched an island-wide contest in July 1912, offering prizes to children who collected the most dead flies. Nearly a thousand children, largely from working-class families, participated in a three-week-long \"Swat the Fly\" competition. Engaging Montreal children in this contest underscores a popular idea at the time that the best way to improve public health and combat the ignorance of a generation was to arm a new one with knowledge. While historians recognize that children's participation in campaigns to promote public health measures was pivotal to their success, youngsters are often rendered as passive recipients of reformers' efforts. We argue the contrary: children were active agents in public health crusades both as consumers and as advocates.","y","Urban History Review","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,34,1,"Destroy the housefly (carrier of TB) through media campaign",1,"media campaign",0,0,0,"Montreal",136,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T677,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Montreal"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T677,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaMontreal",17,1,0]
["Platt, H. L.",2007,"From hygeia to the garden city: Bodies, houses, and the rediscovery of the slum in Manchester, 1875-1910","The rapid and widespread acceptance of germ theories of disease among domestic sanitarians during the 1870s-1980s was one of the roots of Progressivism. Their work as so-called house doctors helped shift reform from a moral to a social environmentalism. Germ theories of invisible microbes dissolved the boundaries between inside and outside the body, home, and city. Reformers gave less attention to changing destructive personal behavior and more to ameliorating harmful environmental conditions. In Manchester, a son of its worst slum of Ancoats, Charles Rowley, led a successful grassroots campaign for \"healthy lives, healthy homes, and healthy surroundings.\" Town hall became involved in removing substandard dwellings, redesigning neighborhoods, and building housing estates in the suburbs. Yet the limits of reform were soon reached when these projects challenged the private housing market. Environmental conditions improved and mortality rates went down, but the slums remained in place at the outbreak of the Great War.","y","Journal of Urban History","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Health campaign designed to improve housing",2,"grass roots campaing",2,0,0,"Manchester",125,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T678,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Manchester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T678,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandManchester",3,3,0]
["Shalowitz, M. U.; Sadowski, L. M.; Kumar, R.; Weiss, K. B.; Shannon, J. J.",2007,"Asthma Burden in a Citywide, Diverse Sample of Elementary Schoolchildren in Chicago","Objective: The purposes of this study are to describe and develop preliminary models of the burden of diagnosed asthma and symptoms of possible undiagnosed asthma in a large, citywide, ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of Chicago elementary schoolchildren. We hypothesized that considering possible asthma would give a more complete picture of race/ethnic disparities in pediatric asthma. Methods: We studied 35 583 students aged 6 to 12 years attending Chicago Public and Archdiocese elementary schools for the Chicago Initiative to Raise Asthma Health Equity (CHIRAH) study. The full enrollments of 105 schools were surveyed for asthma and possible undiagnosed asthma by the Brief Pediatric Asthma Screen Plus (BPAS+) respiratory symptoms. The child had to be 6 to 12 years old, the valid age range for the BPAS+. Questionnaires included the BPAS+, basic demographic information, and household asthma information; they were sent home with each schoolchild for completion by the parent and returned to school for collection and scoring. Results: Overall, 13.9% of students had diagnosed asthma. For children aged 6 to 12 years, rates of diagnosed asthma varied from 13.1% to 14.5%, whereas the rates of possible undiagnosed asthma varied from 14.8% to 10.9%. The rate of diagnosed asthma was 21.2% for African Americans, 9.7% for whites, 11.8% for Hispanics, with similar rates of possible undiagnosed asthma. By multinomial logistic regression, African Americans were more than twice as likely and Hispanics were 1.57 times more likely than whites to have diagnosed asthma at all school district income levels and controlling for other household members with asthma, type of school, age of the child, gender, and language preference. The odds of African Americans being diagnosed with asthma rather than having possible asthma were 76% higher and for Hispanics were 46% higher compared with whites, at all school district income levels and controlling for other household members with asthma, type of school, age of the child, gender, and language preference. Conclusions: Our study confirms national disparities in diagnosed asthma by race/ethnicity. Respiratory symptoms consistent with possible undiagnosed asthma increase the total potential burden of asthma overall to more than one-quarter of the school enrollees. Among students with respiratory symptoms, African Americans, Hispanics (controlling for language), and families where another person has asthma are more likely to have diagnosed rather than possible asthma. Improved knowledge about asthma, recognition of symptoms, and access to high-quality care are necessary to ascertain how much of the possible undiagnosed asthma represents additional cases of asthma requiring treatment. © 2007 Ambulatory Pediatric Association.","y","Ambulatory Pediatrics","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,5,2,"Surveying schoolchildren for asthma",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T679,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T679,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",1,1,1]
["Ignotti, E.; De Oliveira, B. F. A.; Hartwig, S.; De Oliveira, H. C.; Scatena, J. H. G.",2007,"Analysis of the Tuberculosis Control Program in the city of Cáceres, Brazil, prior to and after the implementation of a Family Health Program","Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of the Tuberculosis Control Program, in conjunction with the recently incorporated Family Health Program, in the city of Cáceres, Brazil, between 1999 and 2004. Methods: This was a descriptive epidemiological study, based on the registry of tuberculosis cases diagnosed and treated in Cáceres, according to the characteristics of the cases diagnosed, whether or not the protocol for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of patients was followed, as well as the type of health care facility involved. Results: The incidence of tuberculosis was reduced from 99.4 to 49.8 (per 100,000 inhabitants) between 1999 and 2004. The patients presented characteristics similar to those of patients from other regions of Brazil, with a predominance of males during their most economically productive years. Among the patients presenting pulmonary forms and treated via the Family Health Program, there was a reduction in the number of sputum smear microscopies performed at the moment of diagnosis (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.16-0.66) and prior to discharge (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.18-0.59). The patients monitored via the Family Health Program presented a 16.4% lower cure rate than did those treated at the referral center, as well as being more likely to abandon treatment (OR = 2.93; 95% CI: 1.15-7.46) and to die (OR = 5.71; 95% CI: 1.85-18.1). Conclusion: The decentralization of the treatment services to the family health clinics did not improve the treatment or monitoring of tuberculosis cases in the city of Cáceres.","y","Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia","Scopus","Journal Article","TB",2,34,1,"TB control programme and decentralisation of services",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Cáceres",31,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T680,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Caceres"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T680,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilCaceres",14,2,2]
["Wright, J.; Bibby, J.; Eastham, J.; Harrison, S.; McGeorge, M.; Patterson, C.; Price, N.; Russell, D.; Russell, I.; Small, N.; Walsh, M.; Young, J.",2007,"Multifaceted implementation of stroke prevention guidelines in primary care: Cluster-randomised evaluation of clinical and cost effectiveness","Objective: To evaluate clinical and cost effectiveness of implementing evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of stroke. Design: Cluster-randomised trial Setting: Three primary care organisations in the North of England covering a population of 400 000. Participants: Seventy six primary care teams in four clusters: North, South & West, City I and City II. Intervention: Guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) were developed and implemented using a multifaceted approach including evidence-based recommendations, audit and feedback, interactive educational sessions, patient prompts and outreach visits. Outcomes: Identification and appropriate treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation or TIA, and cost effectiveness. Results: Implementation led to 36% increase (95% CI 4% to 78%) in diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, and improved treatment of TIA (odds ratio of complying with guidelines 1.8; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8). Combined analysis of atrial fibrillation and TIA estimates that compliance was significantly greater (OR 1.46 95% CI 1.10 to 1.94) in the condition for which practices had received the implementation programme. The development and implementation of guidelines cost less than £1500 per practice. The estimated costs per quality-adjusted life year gained by patients with atrial fibrillation or TIA were both less than £2000, very much less than the usual criterion for cost effectiveness. Conclusions: Implementation of evidence-based guidelines improved the quality of primary care for atrial fibrillation and TIA. The intervention was feasible and very cost effective. Key components of the model include contextual analysis, strong professional support, clear recommendations based on robust evidence, simplicity of adoption, good communication and use of established networks and opinion leaders.","y","Quality and Safety in Health Care","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,19,2,"stroke prevention guidelines in primary care",3,"education and service reform",6,3,0,"not stated - north of England",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T681,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T681,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",3,3,1]
["Shulman, S. T.",2007,"Fat city: 2007","Like global warning, that our youth (especially among minorities) are experiencing an epidemic of obesity, or overweight, cannot really be disputed. The diagnosis is not difficult, but the therapy is not simple and is resource intensive. When successful, the payoff from instituting a comprehensive treatment for this problem can be rewarding and beneficial for the long-term health of the individual child. The complications are well documented, the epidemiology quite clear, the pathophysiology complex but becoming more clear, but the therapeutic approaches that offer a reasonable chance of success have not been very obvious to me.","I","Pediatric Annals","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,1,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T682,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T682,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Freudenberg, N.; Galea, S.; Vlahov, D.",2006,"Changing living conditions; Changing health U.S. Cities since world war II","The details of Comprehensive Behavioral Treatment of overweight children are spelled out very well in the article by De Santis-Moniaci and Altshuler in this issue of Pediatric Annals. These authors review the literature concerning comprehensive therapy that combines diet, exercise, behavioral change strategies, and family participation. The last two components appear to be important for success, with behavioral change strategies that include the techniques of stimulus control and self-monitoring particularly important.…","y",null,"Scopus","Book","health",1,0,2,"Analysing impact of urban living conditions on health",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T683,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T683,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Rodwin, V. G.; Gusmano, M. K.; Butler, R. N.",2006,"Growing older in world cities: New York, London, Paris, and Tokyo","Population aging often provokes fears of impending social security deficits, uncontrollable medical expenditures, and transformations in living arrangements, but public policy could also stimulate social innovations. These issues are typically studied at the national level; yet they must be resolved where most people live in diverse neighborhoods in cities. New York, London, Paris, and Tokyo are the four largest cities among the wealthiest, most developed nations of the world. The essays commissioned for this volume compare what it is like to grow older in these cities with respect to health care, quality of life, housing, and long-term care. The contributors look beyond aggregate national data to highlight the importance of how local authorities implement policies. © 2006 Vanderbilt University Press. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","health",1,0,2,"Comapring growing old experince in wealthy global cities",0,"policy",1,0,0,"New York, London, Paris, and Tokyo",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T684,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T684,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Platt, R. H.",2006,"The humane Metropolis: People and nature in the 21st-Century city","Four-fifths of Americans now live in the nation's sprawling metropolitan areas, and half of the world's population is now classified as \"urban.\" As cities become the dominant living environment for humans, there is growing concern about how to make such places more habitable, more healthy and safe, more ecological, and more equitable-in short, more \"humane.\" This book explores the prospects for a more humane metropolis through a series of essays and case studies that consider why and how urban places can be made greener and more amenable. Its point of departure is the legacy of William H. Whyte (1917-1999), one of America's most admired urban thinkers. From his eyrie high above Manhattan in the offices of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Whyte laid the foundation for today's \"smart growth\" and \"new urbanist\" movements with books such as The Last Landscape (1968). His passion for improving the habitability of cities and suburbs is reflected in the diverse grassroots urban design and regreening strategies discussed in this volume. Topics examined in this book include urban and regional greenspaces, urban ecological restoration, social equity, and green design. Some of the contributors are recognized academic experts, while others offer direct practical knowledge of particular problems and initiatives. The editor's introduction and epilogue set the individual chapters in a broader context and suggest how the strategies described, if widely replicated, may help create more humane urban environments. In addition to Rutherford H. Platt, contributors to the volume include Carl Anthony, Thomas Balsley, Timothy Beatley, Eugenie L. Birch, Edward J. Blakely, Colin M. Cathcart, Steven E. Clemants, Christopher A. De Sousa, Steven N. Handel, Peter Harnik, Michael C. Houck, Jerold S. Kayden, Albert LaFarge, Andrew Light, Charles E. Little, Anne C. Lusk, Thalya Parilla, Deborah E. Popper, Frank J. Popper, Mary V. Rickel, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Robert L. Ryan, Laurin N. Sievert, Andrew G. Wiley-Schwartz, and Ann Louise Strong. Included in the back of the book is a DVD of a 22-minute film created by Ted White, which serves as a companion to the text. Copyright © 2006 by Rutherford H. Platt and the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","health",1,0,2,"Series of essays examining the urban environment and how it can be improved",7,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T685,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T685,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Darity, W. A.; Tuthill, R. W.; Winder, A. E.; Cernada, G. P.; Chen, T. T. L.; Buchanan, D. R.; Stanek Iii, E.; Pastides, H.",2006,"A multi-city community based smoking research intervention project in the African-American Population","Objective: To carry out a community-based research approach to determine the most effective educational interventions to reduce smoking among African-American smokers. The intervention included preparation of the community, planning and developing a model of change, and developing a community-based intervention, The study population consisted of 2,544 randomly selected adult African-American smokers residing in four sites in the northeastern and southeastern parts of the United States. The research design provided a comparison of active intervention sites with passive control sites as well as low income and moderate income areas. Major Outcome Measures: Point prevalence of non-smoking at the time of interview; Period prevalence of non-smoking at the time of interview; Period prevalence of quit attempts in the prior six months; Number of smoke-free days in the prior six months; Number of cigarettes smoked daily at the time of interview. Results: Based upon a survey eighteen months after baseline data was collected, all four measures of cigarette smoking behavior showed a strong statistically significant reduction of personal smoking behavior among those receiving active interventions versus the passive group. On the basis of process variable analysis, direct contact with the project staff in the prior six months was significantly higher in the active intervention areas. There was only a small non-significant increase in personal smoking behavior in moderate income groups as opposed to low income groups. Conclusion: An analysis of process variables strongly suggests that, within this AfricanAmerican Community, \"hands on\" or \"face to face\" approaches along with mass media, mailings, and other less personal approaches were more effective in reducing personal smoking behavior than media, mailings, and other impersonal approaches alone addressed to large audiences. © 2007, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.","y","International Quarterly of Community Health Education","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,7,2,"community based education intervention to reduce smoking among African-American smokers",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T686,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T686,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Costa, D. L.; Kahn, M. E.",2006,"Public health and mortality: What can we learn from the past?","City life in the nineteenth and early twentieth century was dirty and dangerous (Melosi 2000). The water and milk supply of cities was contaminated with bacteria that caused typhoid fever, dysentery, and diarrhea. Cities did not remove sewage and their streets were filled with garbage and carrion. The influx of migrants from abroad and from rural areas who crowded into dank and dark urban tenements provided new foci of infection and new victims, and the rapid transmission of disease from host to host increased the diseases' virulence. An infant in a large city in 1890 was 88 percent more likely to die than an infant in a rural area and 48 percent more likely to die in the 1900s (Haines 2001), and nowhere was the urban mortality penalty as large as in the poor areas of cities, where crowding was greatest and parents could not afford to buy clean water and milk (Rochester 1923). City life left those who survived to age sixty permanently scarred, their lives shortened even when later residential moves are controlled for (Costa 2003; Costa and Lahey 2005). By 1940, however, the urban mortality penalty had disappeared and life in a city was in many ways healthier than life in the countryside (Haines 2001). Between 1902 and 1929, the urban death rate from waterborne causes had fallen by 88 percent (Cain and Rotella 2001). This chapter focuses on the mortality transition in American city life between 1910 and 1930, a change that was only possible because of very expensive investments in city infrastructure. These investments dwarfed all other forms of public assistance. In 1913, the United States was spending twice as much on hospitals and health as it was on public poor relief and welfare (Lindert 2004). In contrast, in 1980 the United States was spending three times as much on public poor relief and welfare as on hospitals and health for the poor. Although later public policies, such as those of the New Deal, were also effective in reducing mortality (Fishback, Haines, and Kantor 2002), the reduction in mortality prior to 1930 was perhaps the foremost public policy success of the twentieth century. When one investigates the determinants of state and local generosity in this time period (the federal government played only a minor role), an intriguing puzzle emerges. In the present day, several empirical studies of the determinants of local generosity (see Orr 1976; Luttmer 2001; Bahl, Martinez-Vazquez and Wallace 2002; Alesina and Glaeser 2004) have documented that support for redistribution (typically, welfare payments) is lower in areas where more minorities live and higher in areas with greater ethnic and racial homogeneity (see, for example Luttmer 2001; Poterba 1997). Unlike in the present day, we find that in the early twentieth century United States, support for redistribution was higher in areas with more blacks and immigrants. Our argument is not that the middle class has become less altruistic over time. Instead, we focus on the selfinterest of the middle class as a motivating factor in catalyzing support for large public health investments. Increased government expenditure for the poor is intended to increase their quality of life, but such expenditures can have unintended consequences. Today, some look at San Francisco's large homeless population and wonder whether this tolerant city's generosity has acted as a magnet attracting more homeless to move there. Public-finance economists have conducted analyses of \"crowdout\"- the notion that increased government expenditure \"crowds out\" private donations to charity-to test the concept's validity. Where the vast majority of tests related to the unintended consequences of government redistribution have focused on modern data, we use our historical data to test for whether generous cities are immigrant magnets and for whether there is a negative correlation between city charity expenditure and private charity. What is the effectiveness of government expenditure in improving the health of the population? In short, did public health investments save lives? And if so, w ose? Urban blacks faced much higher death rates than urban whites. Did public health investments help close this racial mortality gap? Our findings contribute to a growing urban economic-history literature that measures the health benefits from increased public expenditure (Cain and Rotella 2001; Haines 2003; Troesken 2004). We estimate individual-level and city-level health-production functions to test whether, holding other factors constant, cities that spend more on public health have lower death rates from diseases with a public health component. Complicating the process of resolving this important public policy issue is the potential endogeneity of public health spending. Louis B. Cain and Elyce J. Rotella (2001) argue that city public health investment is likely to be high in cities that had a public health epidemic in previous years. In this case, ordinary least squares regression estimates of the city-level healthproduction function could yield the surprising finding that increased government expenditure raises a city's death rate! We present instrumental-variable strategies for examining this issue. This section's contribution to the urban historical public health literature is to examine the effectiveness of public spending using a larger sample, using individual-level data to control for individual covariates, and extending our analysis to 1940, when the urban mortality penalty had disappeared. By examining individual-level data we can determine whether the poor benefited more than the middle class from increased public spending. By estimating individual-level infant mortality regressions, we provide new evidence on whether blacks benefited more from public health expenditures, as argued by Werner Troesken (2004), or whether they benefited less, as argued by Robert Higgs (1980). In addition to examining microdata, we also use a large city panel data set covering the years 1912 to 1925 and a state-year panel data set with death rates by race from 1910 to 1940 to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness and incidence of public spending. Of life-long interest to Eugene Smolensky was the ongoing challenge of designing programs that improve the quality of life of the poor by providing resources for this group without creating perverse incentives that discourage work or human-capital accumulation. Today's welfare-reform debate wrestles with this issue (Smolensky, Evenhouse, and Reilly 1997). As compared to public assistance, public health investment is a likely example of a program that benefits the poor without distorting incentives. First the determinants of city and state public health expenditures in the past are examined, using cross-city-level data to determine what the correlates of urban redistribution were in the past. We present two tests of the unintended consequences of these expenditures. We then investigate the public health gains achieved through public health investments, utilizing a combination of individual-, city-, and state-level data to estimate health-production functions and to test whether death rates decline when local governments spend more on public health. Finally, \"value of life\" estimates and new compensating differential estimates are used to value the benefits of public spending. We find that the average city was underinvesting in public health. We conclude with some conjectures explaining why under-investments could occur. Copyright © 2006 by Russell Sage Foundation. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","health",1,0,2,"Various.  Book chapter outlining the history of city health ",7,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T687,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T687,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Minkler, M.; Vásquez, V. B.; Warner, J. R.; Steussey, H.; Facente, S.",2006,"Sowing the seeds for sustainable change: A community-based participatory research partnership for health promotion in Indiana, USA and its aftermath","Community-based participatory research (CBPR) increasingly is being used in both developed and developing countries to study and address community-identified issues through a collaborative and empowering action-oriented process. In 2003-2005, a study was undertaken to document the impacts of CBPR on healthy public policy in the US. From an initial review of 80 partnership efforts, 10 were selected as best capturing the range and diversity of projects meeting the study criteria, and were the subject of in-depth case study analysis. This article presents and analyzes one of these cases, a collaboration between researchers at the Indiana University School of Nursing and the Healthy Cities Committee of New Castle, IN, USA. With its action component still underway a decade after the formal study's completion, the partnership was selected to enable an examination of sustainable change through CBPR. Beginning with a participatory door-to-door health survey of 1000 households using a non-probability quota sampling strategy, the project involved community members in many stages of the research process. A smoking rate of twice the national average was among the study findings that helped to galvanize the community into action. A variety of health promoting environmental and 'small p policy' changes were undertaken ranging from a bill restricting indoor smoking in public places to an initiative to develop a system of trails throughout the county to promote physical fitness and decreased reliance on automobiles. This article examines the evolution of the original CBPR partnership, its research methods and findings, and the environmental changes it sought to promote healthier lifestyles. Success factors, barriers and sustainability benchmarks are discussed. The case study offers an example of the potential of CBPR for helping to lay the groundwork for long-term sustainable change in support of healthier communities. © The Author (2006). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.","n","duplicate","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"community-based participatory research partnership(CBPRP) in the USA",7,"collaboration and policy",2,1,0,"Indiana",94,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T688,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Indiana"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T688,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaIndiana",1,1,0]
["Freudenberg, N.",2006,"Interventions to improve urban health","The public health community and its partners have a long history of developing interventions to improve the well-being of urban populations. In the past 200 years, such interventions have made important contributions to reductions in urban morbidity and mortality, improving and extending millions of lives and, in some cases, reversing the penalty associated with urban compared with rural living. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, public health reformers often worked to change urban living conditions directly by improving housing, making healthy food more available, regulating workplaces, and improving sanitation. In the past decades, however, public health in the United States has become more reactive, addressing more proximate causes of ill health, such as unhealthy behavior or lack of access to medical care rather than underlying urban living conditions. In the 1980s and 1990s, U.S. cities faced new and resurgent epidemics of HIV infection, tuberculosis, syphilis, and gonorrhea; increases in the use of illicit drugs; a dramatic increase in homicide; and more insidious forms of chronic disease, such as asthma and diabetes. Long-term disparities in health between rich and poor and whites and people of color persisted, in some cases even widening, especially in cities. Once again, public health interventions played a key role in containing these infectious and social outbreaks, but this time their focus was on the most proximate causes of ill health, rather than the underlying social conditions. Thus, directly observed therapy brought tuberculosis under control, antiretroviral medications brought the AIDS death rate down, and more aggressive medical management of asthma reduced deaths and hospitalizations from this condition. While no one can doubt the value and necessity of these targeted interventions, by themselves they do not reduce disparities in health, realize the goal of health for all, or achieve the potential the wealthiest nation in the world has for creating models of healthy cities in the 21st century. To realize that vision, public health practitioners and researchers need to change what they do. This does not mean abandoning the categorical interventions that are now the mainstay of the public health enterprise. Rather, we need to expand our practice: to focus more directly on improving the living conditions that shape the health of urban populations, to reduce the size of the vulnerable urban populations that are at highest risk of ill health, to monitor urban policies outside the health sector that influence health and advocate for healthier alternatives, and to challenge and better control the special interests who profit from selling lethal products. By broadening our portfolio of interventions to focus on these tasks, we have the potential to change the underlying as well as the proximate causes of urban health. Finally, expanding our horizon creates both the necessity and the potential to bring new allies into the struggle for healthier cities. By itself, the health community has a limited impact, but in partnership with selected members of political elites, community organizations and communities, other health professionals, disenfranchised populations, and urban social movements, we can achieve our historic mission of ensuring the conditions of health for all populations. © 2006 Vanderbilt University Press. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","health",1,0,2,"Overview of public health approach for urban populations in the U.S. and how evolved.",7,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T689,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T689,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Yeh, M. C.; Katz, D. L.",2006,"Food, nutrition, and the health of urban populations","Living in an urban setting brings challenges as well as benefits. The challenges include reduced accessibility to healthy foods, fewer community resources, the abundance of fast-food restaurants, and food insecurity. Opportunities for improving nutrition and physical activity include farmers' markets, street vendors for fresh and nutritious foods, and the greater variety and availability of food items that are familiar to many immigrants. Because of the close proximity of shops and stores, the urban environment also encourages residents to walk more. Parks in cities offer opportunities for walking, jogging, and bicycling. In addition, many nonprofit organizations offer indoor spaces for physical activity. While the available evidence supports action to improve the nutrition of urban residents, more research is needed to set priorities and more clearly establish the pathways between specific features of the urban environment and nutritional status. Research priorities include the evaluation of school-based interventions to promote healthy dietary habits and physical activity among inner-city children; the development of participatory research methods tailored to the needs of urban residents; improvements in social welfare programs, from WIC to food stamp to school nutrition programs to help participants find the appropriate balance between increasing food security and reducing obesity; and the development and evaluation of economic and other incentives for establishing recreational facilities and supermarkets in underserved neighborhoods. Finally, more research is needed to understand better the connections between nutrition and physical activity at the individual, community, and government-policy levels. In the policy arena, promising approaches that warrant further attention are the creation of food subsidies for healthy food items such as fruit and vegetable and taxes on unhealthy foods such as soft drinks. To increase opportunities for physical activity in urban settings, policies to increase the number of and access to places conducive to physical activity should be pursued. By pursuing these research and policy questions, public health nutritionists and other health professionals can contribute to the goal of healthier cities for all. © 2006 Vanderbilt University Press. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","health",1,0,2,"Overview of the urban food and physical environment",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T690,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T690,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Coutts, A.; Kawachi, I.",2006,"The urban social environment and its effects on health","Although the discussion in this chapter is confined to the potential health-relevant processes within the urban social environment, it goes without saying that the urban social environment is shaped by the surrounding physical environment and vice versa. We acknowledge the vast empirical literature establishing the ways in which housing affects physical and psychological health (see, for example, Burridge and Ormandy;49 Gill and de Wildt;50 Howden-Chapman;51, 52 Thompson et al.53). Indeed in neighborhood renewal and regeneration, emphasis tends to be placed on the physical improvement of the house and the built environment in order to generate health changes among residents. As noted in other chapters of this book, there are many studies that document the health effects of the indoor physical aspects of housing, such as air quality, dust mites, mouse allergens, heating, and damp housing, as well as the psychological health impact of residential noise and the ultimate housing problem, homelessness. The social environment, however, has tended to receive less systematic attention from researchers and policy makers. The nascent research field examining the pathways linking neighborhood social environments to health marks a promising development in efforts to address the social determinants of urban health as interdependent and multilevel.2 As interest in urban health grows, research that better characterizes elements of the social environment that shape the health of urban populations and, specifically, the mechanisms through which these characteristics shape population health may offer guidance to urban planning and public health efforts aimed at improving population health in cities. © 2006 Vanderbilt University Press. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","health",1,0,2,"social environment",7,"Book chapter summarising various research on social environment to inform urban planning and public health",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T691,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T691,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Mulvaney-Day, N. E.; Rappaport, N.; Alegría, M.; Codianne, L. M.",2006,"Developing systems interventions in a school setting: An application of community-based participatory research for mental health","Objectives: The goal of this study was to develop systems interventions in a public school district using community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods to improve the social and academic functioning of children from racial and ethnic minority populations. Design: The study used qualitative methods in the process of problem definition and intervention planning, including in-depth qualitative interviews and stakeholder dialogue groups. The study was conducted at three levels - the school system as a whole, two individual schools, and a multiple-stakeholder participatory group. Setting: The study took place in a public school system in an urban city with a population of 101,355 and in two public schools located in this city. Participants: The CBPR team included two researchers, a researcher/consulting psychiatrist in the schools, the director of the special education office, her management team, four teachers, and two school-based administrators. Interventions: The CBPR group engaged in a process of problem definition and intervention planning at all three levels of the system. In addition, both schools initiated systems interventions to target the needs of their school environments. Results: The project led to system interventions at both schools, clarity about the policy constraints to effective collaboration, and increased awareness regarding the behavioral and academic needs of minority children in the schools. The process produced a series of questions to use as a framework in CBPR partnership development. Conclusions: The CBPR approach can expand the scope of mental-health services research, particularly related to services for racial and ethnic minorities.","y","Ethnicity and Disease","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,25,2,"Developing systemicinterventions to improve social and academic functioning in minority populations",1,"CBPR",2,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T692,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T692,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Inés Ramacciotti, K.",2006,"Shadows of health policy during peronismo: Outbreaks in buenos aires","This article examines the social and political consequences brought on by the emergence of bubonic plague, smallpox, and poliomyelitis in the city of Buenos Aires during the Peronist decade. The different strategies used to limit the political impact of these diseases changed the direction of public health policy and modified the governmental agendas.","y","Asclepio","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,41,1,"policy",0,"policy",1,0,0,"Buenos Aires",27,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T693,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Buenos Aires"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T693,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"argentina"},"argentinaBuenos Aires",8,2,0]
["Gámez, R.; Parra, D.; Pratt, M.; Schmid, T. L.",2006,"Muévete Bogotá: promoting physical activity with a network of partner companies","In 1998 the mayor's office and the District Institute for Sports and Recreation created Muévete Bogotá, a physical activity and health promotion programme for the capital city of Colombia. Muévete means to move or to be active, and this campaign to promote physical activity was designed to improve the health and quality of life of the citizens of Bogotá through regular physical activity. The programme is based on the 1995 recommendations on physical activity of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine (Pate el al, 1995), and was developed in close consultation with the Agita São Paulo programme in Brazil (Matsudo el al., 2003). Muévete Bogotá couples a mass media campaign with programmes targeted to change physical activity behaviour. The interventions, which are conducted at work sites, schools, health care centers and in community settings rely on partnerships created among professionals in areas of education and health, business officials and personnel, and community members, to deliver the programmes in each of these settings and populations. Like many developing countries, Colombia suffers from a growing epidemic of chronic diseases. In 1993 35.7% of total mortality in the city of Bogotá was due to chronic diseases (Espinosa, 1993). In 2002 cardiovascular diseases accounted for 40.3% of mortality among the population aged 60 years or older and 26.8% for persons 45 to 59 years of age. (Cardona, 2002) Bogotá has implemented extensive physical and social environmental changes over the last decade, which has increased opportunities for physical activity, but sedentary lifestyle continues to be a significant public health problem in the city. Programmes such as Muévete Bogotá that educate and motivate the population to become more physically active appear to be needed to complement the underlying environmental and policy changes. Muévete Bogotá provides an example of successful implementation of a comprehensive multi-sectoral approach to physical activity promotion in a large metropolitan area. This model may be used as an exemplary effort elsewhere in Latin America and in urban areas in developing countries around the world.","n","duplciate","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Programme comprising multiple interventions to change physical activity behaviour",1,"health department",5,2,1,"Bogota",20,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T694,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"bogota"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T694,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Colombia"},"Colombiabogota",6,2,0]
["Kauppinen, T.; Nelimarkka, K.; Perttilä, K.",2006,"The effectiveness of human impact assessment in the Finnish Healthy Cities Network","Objectives: To develop a framework for analysing the effectiveness of prospective assessment and to apply the framework to human impact assessments (HuIA) carried out in the Finnish Healthy Cities Network. Methods: The framework was formed by synthesizing and developing the themes that emerged from the published literature on effectiveness. The research material consists of interviews with people who participated in the assessment process in the municipalities (19 interviews). The research material also included assessment documents, proceedings of working meetings, municipal policy documents, background material and project reports produced in the municipalities studied. The research datasets were examined by content analysis. Results: HuIA increased the decision-makers' awareness of effects and functioned as a tool for empowerment. The latter was apparent, for instance, in the social welfare and healthcare sector, finding a role for itself in decisively co-ordinating interdisciplinary work and actively seeking to alleviate identified negative effects. The assessment process also opened up the planning process, committed various actors to the decision, helped select the right alternative and promoted social learning. Conclusions: From the viewpoint of preparation and decision-making, the effectiveness of a HuIA increases when assessment becomes a recurring process and an integral part of an organization's activities. Integration of an assessment into permanent structures or activities, such as drawing up programmes or preparing strategies, helps the results of the assessment to be seen more clearly. From the viewpoint of decision-making, it is also important to strengthen the decision-makers' expertise in prospective assessment. When the effectiveness of HuIA is looked at in a new way (i.e. from the viewpoint of goal achievement, decision-making or learning), a more comprehensive interpretation can be given. © 2006 The Royal Institute of Public Health.","y","Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Develop & applying a framework to analyse effectiveness of human impact assessments",1,"WHO healthy cities",9,0,0,"multiple (Finland)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T695,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T695,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",26,3,1]
["Aubin, M.; Vézina, L.; Parent, R.; Fillion, L.; Allard, P.; Bergeron, R.; Dumont, S.; Giguère, A.",2006,"Impact of an educational program on pain management in patients with cancer living at home","Purpose/Objectives: To assess the effect of an educational homecare program on pain relief in patients with advanced cancer. Design: Quasi-experimental (pretest-post-test, nonequivalent group). Setting: Four community-based primary care centers providing social and healthcare services in the Quebec City region of Canada. Sample: 80 homecare patients with advanced cancer who were free of cognitive impairment, who presented with pain or were taking analgesics to relieve pain, and who had a life expectancy of six weeks or longer. Methods: The educational intervention included information regarding pain assessment and monitoring using a daily pain diary and the provision of specific recommendations in case of loss of pain control. Pain intensity data were collected prior to the intervention, and reassessments were made two and four weeks later. Data on beliefs were collected at baseline and two weeks. All data were collected by personal interviews. Main Research Variables: Patients' beliefs about the use of opioids; average and maximum pain intensities. Findings: Patients' beliefs regarding the use of opioids were modified successfully following the educational intervention. Average pain was unaffected in the control group and was reduced significantly in patients who received the educational program. The reduction remained after controlling for patients' initial beliefs. Maximum pain decreased significantly over time in both the experimental and control groups. Conclusions: An educational intervention can be effective in improving the monitoring and relief of pain in patients with cancer living at home. Implications for Nursing: Homecare nurses can be trained to effectively administer the educational program during their regular homecare visits.","y","Oncology Nursing Forum","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,38,2,"educational homecare pain management programme",1,"service reform",3,0,0,"Quebec City",178,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T696,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Quebec"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T696,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaQuebec",2,1,1]
["Munsiff, S. S.; Ahuja, S. D.; King, L.; Udeagu, C. C.; Dorsinville, M.; Frieden, T. R.; Fujiwara, P. I.",2006,"Ensuring accountability: The contribution of the cohort review method to tuberculosis control in New York City","SETTING: In 1993, the New York City (NYC) Bureau of Tuberculosis Control developed the cohort review process as a quality assurance method to track and improve patient outcomes. METHODS: The Bureau Director reviews every tuberculosis (TB) case quarterly in a multi-disciplinary staff meeting. In 2004 we also began collecting details on issues identified at cohort review to quantify how this process directly impacts TB control efforts. RESULTS: From 1992 to 2004, NYC TB cases decreased by 72.7% and treatment success rates significantly increased by 26.7%. Implementing the cohort review was key to improving case management, thus leading to these results. For the 1039 patients in 2004, 596 issues were identified among 424 patients; 55.0% were incorrect, unclear or unknown patient information, 13.8% were treatment issues, 12.4% were case management issues and 10.6% were incomplete contact investigations. Most (76.5%) issues were addressed within 30 days of the cohort reviews. CONCLUSION: A systematic review of every TB case improves the quality of patient information, enhances patient treatment and ensures accountability at all levels of the TB control program. © 2006 The Union.","y","International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,34,1,"Systematic review of every TB case between 1992 and 2004",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T697,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T697,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Mahotière, T.; Ocepek-Welikson, K.; Daley, M. B.; Byssainthe, J. P.",2006,"A program to reduce the disparity in the rate of biennial lipid profiles between African-American and white medicare beneficiaries with diabetes mellitus in New York City","The burden of diabetes is more severe for minority populations than for the white population in the United States. Analysis of Medicare fee-for-service claims data revealed a significant disparity regarding screening for lipids between white and African-American Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes as measured by the biennial lipid profile indicator in New York State and the disparity was even greater in New York City. Thus IPRO, the Medicare New York State Quality Improvement Organization, launched a multifaceted quality improvement project to reduce the disparity, targeting African-American Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes in New York City and the providers who serve them. There was an absolute increase of 16.7% in the proportion of African-American beneficiaries with diabetes receiving a biennial lipid profile in the intervention areas and the disparity reduced by 9.8% between African-American and all eligible white beneficiaries in the intervention areas. Although it was not feasible to determine the direct impact of selected interventions on reducing the disparity, the interventions collectively appeared to be effective. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","y","Journal of Community Health","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,9,2,"QI Program addressing diabetes screening disparities between white and African-American Medicare beneficiaries",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T698,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T698,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Maddock, J.",2006,"Evaluation of community-based physical activity programs","The rate of obesity has been rapidly increasing in many countries. Lack of physical activity is a key component to this increase. Changes in the structure and walkability of cities and towns and increased automation in the work and home environments have led to declining rates of daily energy expenditure. Recently, many states and countries have turned to social-ecological approaches, intervening at the environmental, social and individual level to combat the decline in energy expenditure. While these efforts hold much promise for increasing the levels of physical activity, they present unique challenges to evaluators. Many of these interventions involve a wide variety of channels including mass media, Internet, community events and school-based programs often occurring simultaneously. The size of these programs is also large encompassing cities, states and even nations making finding equivalent comparison groups difficult. With these challenges and the political and social pressures to demonstrate results from these programs, strong process, outcome and impact evaluations are needed. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","y","Evaluation and Program Planning","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,1,2,"community-based physical activity interventions",7,"various interventions",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T699,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T699,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Singer, M.; Mirhej, G.; Santelices, C.; Hastings, E.; Navarro, J.; Vivian, J.",2006,"Tomorrow is already here, or is it? Steps in preventing a local methamphetamine outbreak","This paper reports on a research-driven community-based effort to assess the potential for a local methamphetamine drug epidemic and to build a public campaign to head off or at least minimize the potentially severe health and social costs of the spread of a powerful stimulant drug like methamphetame to a new area. Drawing on diverse national and local datasets, as well as on several years of monitoring changing drug use patterns and analysing illicit drug difussion, community researchers in Hartford, CT identified a reasonable likelihood that methamphetamine - which is rarely used in the city currently - would spread and cause a significant local drug epidemic. In response, community efforts were initiated to draw attention to this looming public health problem and to build a broadbased, citywide primary prevention campaign. Based on a review of the spread of methamphetamine nationally, and the considerable health problems that result from methamphetamine addiction, this paper describes the implementation phase of the Hartford prevention campaign, the challenges faced in this effort, and the implications for applied anthropology. Copyright © 2006 by the Society for Applied Anthropology.","y","Human Organization","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"prevention of drug use programme",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Hartford, Conneticut",90,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T700,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hartford"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T700,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaHartford",1,1,0]
["Pearson, I.",2006,"The role of future ICT in city development","Purpose: The purpose of this article is to explore the role of information and communications technologies (ICT) in creating cities that are attractive, healthy and prosperous places to live, work and visit. Design/methodology/ approach: Considers technological developments in information and communications technologies in the short- and medium-term and their application in the urban environment. Findings: IT is developing faster than ever and will be a useful tool in the redevelopment of cities. Short-term developments such as wireless LANs may be unglamorous but have large potential for opening up new areas of opportunities, both in social and business uses. In the mid-term, these networks will combine with ambient intelligence to make a smart digital air overlay, making every part of a city electronically enabled. The result will be big improvement in public transport and city architecture. Other IT developments will improve health, governance and security. If managed well, future urban society will be happier, less lonely, more prosperous, healthier and more involved in decision making. Originality/value: Offers a personal view of the ways in which advances in information technologies can make a positive contribution to urban environments over the next ten to 15 years. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.","y","Foresight","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Examining technological developments and implications",4,"Evidence review and analysis",0,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T701,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T701,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["De La Fuente, L.; Bravo, M. J.; Toro, C.; Brugal, M. T.; Barrio, G.; Soriano, V.; Vallejo, F.; Ballesta, R.",2006,"Injecting and HIV prevalence among young heroin users in three Spanish cities and their association with the delayed implementation of harm reduction programmes","Objectives: To evaluate changes in the prevalence of HIV infection among young heroin users in three Spanish cities, and their association with harm reduction programmes (HRPs). Methods: Two cross sectional studies. The 1995 study included 596 users; half were street recruited and half were recruited at drug treatment centres. The 2001-03 study included 981 street recruited users. Face to face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire. Samples for HIV testing (saliva in 1995 and dried blood spot in 2001-03) were collected. Results: The proportion who had ever injected (IDUs) decreased in all three cities. HIV prevalence in IDUs decreased by half in Barcelona (44.1% to 20.8%) and Seville (44.2% to 22.2%), but remained constant in Madrid (36.8% and 34.9%). This difference was attributable to a decrease in HIV prevalence in long term IDUs in Barcelona and Seville, but not in Madrid. The crude odds ratio for HIV prevalence in Madrid compared with Barcelona in long term IDUs was 2.3 (95%CI 1.4 to 3.7), increasing to 3.1 (95%CI 1.5 to 6.2) after adjusting for sociodemographic and risk factors. HIV prevalence in short term IDUs was similar in all cities. In 1992 Barcelona already had 20 heroin users in methadone maintenance programmes (MMPs) per 10 000 population aged 15-49 years; Seville reached this rate in 1994, and Madrid, not until 1998. Conclusions: The prevalence of HIV infection did not decrease in long term injectors in Madrid. The delayed implementation of HRPs, especially MMPs, may be the most plausible hypothesis. This finding should shed light on decision making in countries in a similar epidemiological and sociological situation.","y","Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,2,1,"Examining impact of delayed implementation of harm reduction programme on HIV prevalence among young heroin users",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Barcelona, Serville, Madrid",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T702,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T702,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",4,3,1]
["Gilbert, M. L.; Levallois, P.; Rodriquez, M. J.",2006,"Use of a health information telephone line, Info-Santé CLSC, for the surveillance of waterborne gastroenteritis","The increasing frequency of waterborne outbreaks demonstrates that classic indicators used for the surveillance of the microbiological quality of drinking water have several gaps and that routine public health surveillance seems insufficient to allow for the rapid detection of these outbreaks. The main objective of this Study was to evaluate the possibility of using a regional health information telephone line, 'Info-Santé CLSC' (Info-Health Local Community Health Centre), for the surveillance of waterborne gastroenteritis. This study measured the incidence rate of calls for acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) placed to the info-Santé CLSC line, investigated the relationship between the frequency of calls for AGI placed to the info-Santé CLSC line and the turbidity of the treated water in the Quebec City drinking water plant and evaluated the relevance and the conditions of use of the info-Santé CLSC system for the surveillance of waterborne enteric illness. A relationship between the turbidity and the calls for AGI placed to Info-Santé CLSC line was observed. Significant time lags (11, 15 and 17 days prior to the outcome) were identified in the final model derived from a Poisson model using generalized additive models (GAM) as a time series analysis. Some recommendations to improve the system were formulated even though the system already seems to be useful for the surveillance of waterborne enteric diseases. © IWA Publishing 2006.","y","Journal of Water and Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,6,1,"City tele-health information service",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Quebec City",178,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T703,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Quebec"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T703,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaQuebec",2,1,0]
["Roudsari, B. S.; Shadman, M.; Ghodsi, M.",2006,"Childhood trauma fatality and resource allocation in injury control programs in a developing country","Background: Only a few studies have addressed the trimodal distribution of childhood trauma fatalities in lesser developed countries. We conducted this study to evaluate pre-hospital, Emergency Department (ED) and in-hospital distribution of childhood injury-related death for each mechanism of injury in Tehran, Iran. This information will be used for the efficient allocation of the limited injury control resources in the city. Methods: We used Tehran's Legal Medicine Organization (LMO) database. This is the largest and the most complete database that receives information about trauma fatalities from more than 100 small and large hospitals in Tehran. We reviewed all the medical records and legal documents of the deceased registered in LMO from September 1999 to September 2000. Demographic and injury related characteristics of the children 15 years old or younger were extracted from the records. Results: Ten percent of the 4,233 trauma deaths registered in LMO occurred among children 15 years old or younger. Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) (50%), burns (18%), falls (6%) and poisonings (6%) were the most common mechanisms of unintentional fatal injuries. Prehospital, emergency department and hospital deaths comprised 42%, 20% and 37% of the trauma fatalities, respectively. While, more than 80% of fatal injuries due to poisoning and drowning occurred in prehospital setting, 92% of burn-related fatalities happened after hospital admission. Conclusion: Injury prevention is the single most important solution for controlling trauma fatalities due to poisoning and drowning. Improvements in the quality of care in hospitals and intensive care units might substantially alleviate the magnitude of the problem due to burns. Improvements in prehospital and ED care might significantly decrease MVC and falls-related fatalities. © 2006 Roudsari et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.","y","BMC Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",2,23,2,"Analysing trauma fatality database",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"Tehran",218,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T704,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Tehran"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T704,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"iran"},"iranTehran",33,4,1]
["Hemingway, D. M.; Jameson, J.; Kelly, M. J.; West, K.; Thomas, W. M.; Rodgers, P.; Campbell, S.; Rees, Y.; Robinson, R.; Marshall, D.; Barrie, W. B.; Mayberry, J.; Everson, N.; Miller, A.; Benghiat, A.; Rathbone, B.; Wurm, P.; Nightingale, J.; Jankowski, J.; Wicks, A. C.; Scott, A.; DeCaestecker, J.; Stewart, J.; Richards, C.; Muller, S.; Verma, R.; Kumar, V.; Newland, C.; Mulcahy, K.; Miri, B.; Khanna, S.; Steward, W.; McGregor, A.; Elabassy, M.; Disley, H.; Chester, S.; Hall, J.; Smith, W.; Karim, K.; Cook, T.; Gandhi, H.; Weston-Price, D.; Borrajo, S.; Field, R.; Shields, F.; Altenhofen, H.; Daley, S.; Bray, T.; Laundon, S.; Howlette, K.; Waterhouse, E.; Lord, K.; Ford, S.; Murrow, S.; McKenna, J.; Rai, S.; Brundell, S.",2006,"Straight to test: Introduction of a city-wide protocol driven investigation of suspected colorectal cancer","Objective: To decrease waiting times for colorectal cancer diagnosis. Methods: Following extensive negotiations on three sites, we replaced the standard referral route of GP to outpatient clinic with city-wide implementation of a protocol driven sequence based on the patient's declared symptoms, the initial consultation being replaced by the first test taking place within 31 days. No choice in test allocation was granted; difficult cases were adjudicated by named consultants. We used a 'dry run' to make sure that our planned changes would not overload our local capacity, leading to a pilot run involving 1/3 clinicians, followed by a full cross-city implementation over two months. Results: In 2001, before the pilot only 116/188 (62%) of our colorectal cancers who were referred either under the 2-week-wait arrangements or on a 'soon' basis were diagnosed within 31 days. Our 'dry run' established that we did have the capacity to service our planned sequence of tests. In the pilot, all colorectal cancers were diagnosed within 31 days of referral, and 95% of all diagnoses (no abnormality or benign disease) were reached within 31 days of referral. After full implementation 19/19 (100%) of our cancers coming through our protocol system were diagnosed within 31 days and 95% of patients with benign disease. Conclusion: Follow-up audit of our system one and two years later shows that we now diagnose approximately 80% of our colorectal cancers who are referred under the 2 week wait or as 'soon' referrals within 31 days. We have successfully redesigned our service, at minimal expense, in a way, which should enable us to meet the government targets in the National Cancer Plan. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","y","Colorectal Disease","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,15,2,"Replaced existing referral route with protocol-driven sequence based on symptoms",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T705,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T705,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",3,3,1]
["Wood, E.; Tyndall, M. W.; Qui, Z.; Zhang, R.; Montaner, J. S. G.; Kerr, T.",2006,"Service uptake and characteristics of injection drug users utilizing North America's first medically supervised safer injecting facility","In 2003, the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, opened North America's first government-sanctioned safer injecting facility, where injection drug users (IDUs) can inject preobtained illicit drugs under the supervision of nurses. Use of the service by IDUs was followed by measurable reductions in public drug use and syringe sharing. IDUs who are frequently using the program tend to be high-intensity cocaine and heroin injectors and homeless individuals. The facility has provided high-risk IDUs a hygienic space where syringe sharing can be eliminated and the risk of fatal overdose reduced. Ongoing evaluation will be required to assess its impact on overdose rates and HIV infection levels, as well as its ability to improve IDU contact with medical care and addiction treatment.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of heathcare",2,2,1,"government sanctioned drug injecting faclitiy",3,"not stated",3,0,2,"Vancouver",223,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T706,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Vancouver"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T706,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaVancouver",2,1,0]
["Minshall, I.; Smith, D.",2006,"The development of a city-wide epilepsy register","The provision of care for patients with epilepsy in the UK is fragmented and inadequate. Lack of support in the community, poor communication across the primary-secondary care interface and inaccessibility of specialist services are contributory factors. The inclusion of epilepsy as a quality marker in the new general practitioner (GP) contract provides an opportunity to improve co-ordination of services. Prior to the acceptance of the New GP Contract in April 2004, the first part of this audit aimed to (a) assess the documentation of the process of care of patients with epilepsy in the city of Chester; and (b) provide GPs with a clinical resource to facilitate review of patients and targeting of referrals to secondary care. The case notes of 610 patients were scrutinised to identify the proportion (a) receiving regular review, (b) in whom diagnosis was uncertain, (c) in documented remission, (d) who were women of child-bearing age, (e) who were non-compliant with treatment. A computerised template, including specific suggestions, was produced for every patient but responsibility for review remained with each GP. Re-audit in 2 years was planned. Two hundred and fifty (41%) had been seen by a GP in the previous year. One hundred and sixteen (19%) had regular review arrangements. One hundred and thirty-eight (22.6%) had shared care of whom 79 had seen their GP in previous year. Three hundred and one (49%) had not seen any doctor concerning their epilepsy in the previous year. Forty-three percent of adults who should be receiving shared care were not doing so. In 67 (11%) cases, there was diagnostic uncertainty. Only 178 (29.2%) patients were in documented remission. One hundred and nine (17.8%) patients were women of child-bearing age of whom 37 were receiving sodium valproate. In 84 (14%), there was evidence of non-compliance. Haphazard follow-up arrangements preclude review of diagnostic accuracy, estimation of remission rate, assessment of adherence to prescribed treatment and awareness of level of patients' knowledge especially women of child-bearing age on teratogenic drugs. One cannot identify those patients who can be managed solely in the community and those who merit reassessment in hospital clinics. Assuming these findings are representative, primary and specialist secondary care face an enormous task in reorganising services to ensure that all patients receive appropriate care. This project describes a method of improving local co-ordination of patient care. © 2006 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","y","Seizure","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,33,2,"Developing a city-wide epilepsy register ",3,"audit of inclusion of epilepsy as a quality marker in the new general practitioner (GP) contract provides an opportunity to improve co-ordination of services",3,0,0,"Chester",49,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T707,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Chester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T707,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandChester",3,3,1]
["Evans Jr, M. W.",2006,"Modification of a local smoking ordinance: a case-report of chiropractic health advocacy","Background: Health Promotion may involve assessing the community and assisting in the formation of coalitions that empower a community to reduce health risks. Objective: To describe an intervention lead by a doctor of chiropractic to reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in one rural southeast Alabama town. Discussion: A coalition influenced the city council to modify an existing ordinance governing smoking in public places. As a secondary goal, the coalition hoped to use the local media to significantly increase public awareness of the dangers of ETS through positive press coverage of their efforts and general media advocacy. City councilmen and the local media were involved in the coalition to use a political process to change the ordinance. Ten months after initiating the project, the existing ordinance was modified. Conclusion: Doctors of chiropractic involved as health advocates were able to change the local ordinance pertaining to indoor smoking. © 2006 National University of Health Sciences.","y","Journal of Chiropractic Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"changed law to limit expose to smoke ",2,"coalition",4,2,2,"not stated (city in alabama)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T708,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T708,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Gregory, N.; MacPherson, R.",2006,"The Gloucester assertive community treatment team: A description and comparison with other services","Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) has developed globally as a model of community care for the severely mentally ill. However, in the United Kingdom there is mixed evidence regarding improvements in outcome and concerns about ACT teams having poor fidelity to the original ACT model. Objective: This study presents the fidelity characteristics of an established ACT team serving Gloucester City. It describes service user demographic and illness data and compares these findings to other important studies in the United Kingdom. Method: The Dartmouth Assertive Community Treatment Scale was applied to rate the Gloucester ACT team's fidelity characteristics. The Gloucester Caseload Project Demographic Pro-Forma was collected from all of the team's 79 service users. Results: The population of severely mentally ill ACT service users in Gloucester City were an older and more \"disabled\" group compared to the classic ACT studies. Furthermore, although findings indicate a high level of fidelity to the original ACT model, the team it is still associated with high levels of inpatient treatment. Conclusion: High fidelity ACT services appear to be associated with high admission rates. Therefore teams should not be viewed as alternatives to hospital admission but have goals of improving engagement and social functioning. Furthermore, findings have allowed the team to benchmark its service and target areas for further service development. More consistent reporting of fidelity data on ACT research would facilitate comparison across different services.","y","Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","mental health in the community",2,25,2,"assertive Community Treatment (community care) for severly mentally ill",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Gloucester",79,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T709,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Gloucester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T709,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandGloucester",3,3,0]
["Cummins, S.; Findlay, A.; Petticrew, M.; Sparks, L.",2005,"Healthy cities: The impact of food retail-led regeneration on food access, choice and retail structure","The health, social and planning policy agendas which have focused on the issue of food deserts, food access and food choice provide the context for this study of the outcomes of a large-scale food retail intervention in Springburn, Glasgow. An analysis of changing retail structure and foodscape health impacts on food provision, food choice and physical and economic accessibility is presented. This is set within the regeneration context of the Tesco St Rollox Partnership. Conclusions are reached on the potential for such schemes to deliver a range of diet, health, social, regeneration and planning policy goals.","y","Built Environment","Scopus","Journal Article","diet and access to food",1,28,2,"understanding the impact of food retail-led regeneration on food access, choice and retail structure",2,"regeneration",1,0,0,"glasgow",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T710,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T710,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},{"$f":"+V710&U710","v":"EnglandGlasgow"},50,3,0]
["Petkova, V.",2005,"Evaluation of the impact of a pharmaceutical care program on patients with asthma","The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a pharmaceutical care program on patients with asthma. A broad asthma education and monitoring program that includes basic asthma knowledge, symptoms and accurate evaluation, pharmacotherapy assessment including inhaler technique and quality of life measurement was developed and applied in several pharmacies in the city of Sofia, Bulgaria. Patients (aged 18-80) with moderate asthma, visiting regularly the pharmacies for purchasing their drug treatment were allocated to the intervention. These patients were educated on their disease, pharmacotherapy, self-management, and inhalation techniques. The quality of life scale (QLS) version 08/02/2002 was applied at the beginning and in the end of the experiment to assess the quality of life. Spirometry was done every month. There was a significant improvement in the patients that received pharmaceutical care in terms of the individual domains of interpersonal and social work, occupational role functioning and other residual symptoms. There were considerable changes in the spirometric values after the education.","y","Ankara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi","Scopus","Journal Article","Asthma",2,5,2,"pharmacy led care program on patients with asthma",3,"servcie reform",3,0,0,"Sofia",199,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T711,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sofia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T711,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"bulgaria"},"bulgariaSofia",16,3,0]
["Goytia, E. J.; Rapkin, B.; Weiss, E. S.; Golub, D.; Guzman, V.; O'Connor, M.",2005,"Readiness and capacity of librarians in public libraries to implement a breast cancer outreach and screening campaign in medically underserved communities","Community-based partnerships are an important means of addressing cancer health disparities in medically underserved communities. Public libraries may be ideal partners in this effort. To assess the readiness and capacity of a public library system to implement cancer recruitment and outreach campaigns, 58 librarians in the Queens Borough Public Library System in New York completed self-administered questionnaires before and after a training on breast health, cancer, and screening. Results indicate that they are interested in participating in a cancer outreach campaign and feel it is a critical need in their community. Many librarians lacked the knowledge about cancer and cancer information resources needed to participate optimally. Nevertheless, librarians provide a cultural bridge to medically underserved communities. Partnering with a public library system to improve access to care has great potential, yet a number of challenges need to be overcome.","y","Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center.","Scopus","Journal Article","Cancer",1,12,2,"librarians in public libraries to implement a breast cancer outreach and screening campaign",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T712,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T712,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Aalto, M.; Pekuri, P.; Seppä, K.",2005,"Implementation of brief alcohol intervention in primary health care: Do nurses' and general practitioners' attitudes, skills and knowledge change?","Brief alcohol intervention reduces heavy drinking, but its implementation has been challenging. The purpose was to evaluate self-reported changes in attitudes, skills and knowledge regarding brief intervention among nurses and general practitioners (GPs) during an implementation project. A questionnaire survey was used before and after the implementation to all nurses and GPs working at the time in the seven primary health-care centres of the city of Tampere, Finland. Several positive changes indicate an increased amount of knowledge regarding brief intervention among the professionals during the implementation. This was found especially among the nurses. The success in increasing the knowledge can also be seen in a decrease of training needs. Instead, attitudes and skills among the professionals did not seem to develop positively. Increasing motivational skills especially seems to be the future challenge.","y","Drug and Alcohol Review","Scopus","Journal Article","alcohol",2,13,2,"VBA (very brief advcie) interventions to reduce heavy drinking",1,"evaluatation of self-reported changes in attitudes, skills and knowledge regarding brief intervention among nurses and general practitioners (GPs) during an implementation projec",0,0,0,"Tampere",219,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T713,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Tampere"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T713,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Finland"},"FinlandTampere",26,3,0]
["Raboch, J.; Wenigova, B.",2005,"Mental health care in Prague","Aim. - To describe principles and characteristics of mental health care in Prague. Method.-.Based on existing data, service provision, number of professionals working in services, funding arrangements, pathways intocare, user/carer involvement and specific issues are reported. Results. - Mental health care in Prague has a special position in the Czech Republic. Prague has the longest tradition of psychiatrictreatment including the German Psychiatric Department of the Charles University. The density of services is higher, there are more extrainstitutional facilities and acute beds are located in general hospitals. Discussion. - Whilst various issues of mental health care in Prague overlap with those in other European capitals, there also are some specific problems and features. After substantial political changes in early 90s, the prevailing institutional model of psychiatric care has started to be changed according to the Concept of Psychiatric Care prepared by the Czech Psychiatric Association and approved by the Ministry of Health. However, stigma connected with mental disturbances is still present and there are not enough financial resources and will to put these plans rapidly into the practice. © 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.","y","European Psychiatry","Scopus","Journal Article","mental health",2,25,2,"evaluation of the  principles and characteristics of mental health care in Prague",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Prague",168,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T714,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Prague"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T714,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Czechia"},"CzechiaPrague",18,3,0]
["Bekker, M. P. M.; Putters, K.; Van Der Grinten, T. E. D.",2005,"Evaluating the impact of HIA on urban reconstruction decision-making. Who manages whose risks?","Practitioners and academic researchers increasingly look to evaluation of health impact assessment (HIA) to improve its practice, its efficiency and its legitimacy. Evaluation is also used to account to policy-makers, who express doubts that the benefits of HIA justify its costs. Until recently evaluation of HIA focused on instrument design and procedures but now the focus needs to shift to analysis of the interaction of HIA and decision-making. Multiple case studies have been applied to identify the conditions in which HIA produces the desired benefits. These studies used analytical concepts derived from the literature on evaluation, knowledge utilization, science of sociology and knowledge management. This paper describes a case study in which the strategic motives of the decision-makers affected the impact of an HIA. This HIA comprised of a quantitative environmental model 'City & Environment' that was used to assess environmental health impacts of an urban reconstruction plan in a Dutch city. The evaluation of the HIA shows that the decision to follow the recommendations of the HIA was part of a damage control strategy. The more HIA goals deviate from the policy problem and the less HIA is embedded in institutional procedures, then the more HIA impact will be subject to strategic decision-making behaviour. Appropriate cognitive and social strategies are needed to avoid 'negative learning' in those the HIA seeks to influence. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","y","Environmental Impact Assessment Review","Scopus","Journal Article","Health impact assessments",1,0,2,"Evaluating the impact of HIA on urban reconstruction decision-making. ",0,"policy",1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T715,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T715,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",30,3,0]
["Rymer, M. M.; Thrutchley, D. E.",2005,"Organizing regional networks to increase acute stroke intervention","Objectives: Acute ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of adult disability in the United States (US). Thrombolytic therapy was proved effective, and approved for use, in the US by the Food and Drug Administration in 1996, yet 8 years later just 3-4% of stroke victims in the US are treated with tissue plasminogen activator. In order to understand how this figure can be substantially improved, it is important to evaluate the available therapies and systems of care, delineate the critical steps and the existing barriers in the process for successful intervention, and thoroughly understand the key components in the highly successful interventional stroke programs, especially regionalization of care. Methods: A review of the available literature was carried out and interventional stroke data from the Mid America Brain and Stroke Institute at Saint Luke's Hospital (SLH) in Kansas City, Missouri, was analysed. Results: There are several treatment strategies available for acute stroke intervention and more are likely to be developed. There is increasing interest in organizing and standardizing care for stroke. The steps in the process for successful intervention are understood and progress is being made in several areas of the country, but challenges remain in public education, directing emergency transport to 'stroke ready' hospitals and linking stroke experts to primary care providers. The Kansas City regional network linking primary care hospitals to the stroke team at SLH has been highly successful in substantially increasing the number of patients receiving acute stroke intervention. Discussion: The stage is set for many more stroke victims to receive acute interventional therapy. However, these patients must present to hospitals equipped and staffed to render this therapy. Most stroke victims will go or be taken to the closest medical facility. Organizing regional networks linking primary care hospitals and physicians to comprehensive stroke centers staffed, and capable of providing the entire spectrum of acute stroke intervention will be essential in substantially increasing the number of stroke victims who actually receive acute interventional therapy. This article summarizes the evolving solutions to this challenge with specific data from the successful regional network developed around the Mid America Brain and Stroke Institute at Saint Luke's Hospital in Kansas City, Missouri, USA. © 2005 W. S. Maney & Son Ltd.","y","Neurological Research","Scopus","Journal Article","acute stroke care quality",2,19,2,"Organizing regional networks to increase acute stroke intervention",3,"servcie reform",3,0,0,"kansas city",101,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T716,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kansas City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T716,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaKansas City",1,1,0]
["Tosevski, D. L.; Pejuskovic, B.",2005,"Mental health care in Belgrade - Challenges and solutions","Aim. - To describe principles and characteristics of mental health care in Belgrade. Method. - Based on existing data, service provision, number of professionals working in services, funding arrangements, pathways intocare, user/carer involvement and specific issues are reported. Results. - Disastrous events in the country and the region caused an increase of mental and behavioral disorders for 13.5% in the last few years, thus making them the second largest public health problem (after cerebro-vascular diseases). The overall morbidity and mortality are on the rise. Intense acute and chronic stress, as well as the accumulated traumas caused significant psychological sequelae, especially to vulnerable people. Discussion. - Whilst various issues of mental health care in Belgrade overlap with those in other European capitals, there are also some specific problems and features. Due to prolonged adversities, the health system has deteriorated and is facing specific challenges. However, the transformation of mental health services has been initiated, with a lot of positive movements, such as preparation of the National policy for mental health care as well as the Law for protection of mentally ill individuals. © 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.","y","European Psychiatry","Scopus","Journal Article","mental health",2,25,2,"evaluate the principles and characteristics of mental health care in Belgrade",3,"servcie reform",4,4,0,"Belgrade",15,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T717,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Belgrade"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T717,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"serbia"},"serbiaBelgrade",51,3,0]
["Ferre Navarete, F.; Palanca, I.",2005,"Mental health care in Madrid","Aim. - To describe principles and characteristics of mental health care in Madrid. Method. - Based on existing data, service provision, number of professionals working in services, funding arrangements, pathways intocare, user/carer involvement and specific issues are reported. Results. - In Madrid, mental health services are organized into 11 zones/areas, divided into 36 districts, where there is a mental healthoutpatient service with a multi-disciplinary team. Home treatment and psychosocial rehabilitation services have been developed. Specialist programmes exist for vulnerable client groups, including Children and Adolescents, Addiction/Alcohol and Older People. The Madrid Mental Health Plan (2003-2008) is regarded as the key driver in implementing service improvement and increased mental health and well-being in Madrid. It has a meant global budget increase of more than 10% for mental health services. Results of the first 2 years are: an increase in mental health staff employed (17%), four new hospitalization units, 50% increase in places for children and adolescents Day Hospitals, 62 new beds in long care residential units, development of specific programmes for the homeless and gender-based violence, a significant investment in information systems (450 new computers) and development of best practice and operational guidelines. Mental health system was put to the test with Madrid's March 11th terrorist attack. A Special Mental Health Plan for Affected people was developed. Discussion - Unlike some European countries, public mental health service is the main heath care provider. There are no voluntary agenciescollaborating with mental health care. Continuity of care and coordination between all mental health resources is essential in service delivery. Increased demand of care for minor psychiatric disorders, children and adolescent mental health care, and implementation of rehabilitation and residential facilities for chronic patients are outstanding challenges similar to those in other European capitals. Overall, the mental health system had successfully coped with last year's increased care demand after March 11th terrorist attack in Madrid. © 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.","y","European Psychiatry","Scopus","Journal Article","mental health",2,25,2,"evaluate the  principles and characteristics of mental health care in Madrid",3,"servcie reform",3,0,0,"Madrid",123,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T718,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Madrid"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T718,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainMadrid",4,3,1]
["Da Silva Frazão, I.; Da Silva Diniz, A.; Benjamin, A. F.",2005,"Original title: Social participation in health to Camaragibe city's users","The present study was realized with the objective to evaluate, under the perception of the user, the importance of the social participation to control and improve the health services in the county of Camaragibe, state of Pernambuco. Thus, a questionnaire of open and closed ended questions was prepared. The survey involved 789 users that were inquired about the utilization of the local health services in the last six month that preceded the inquiry. It was verified that the mechanisms of participation, as well as the correlated legislation are not well known nor used by the users. Nevertheless, the percentages of those who utilize these mechanisms of social participation increase according to their educational level. It has been noted that educated individuals who are involved in community associations, have a tendency to use those services in a more effective manner. The users of private health services showed a higher percentage of satisfaction compared with those who depend on the public services. Nevertheless, the level of contentment of the public service users showed that it was significantly increased, not reflecting, however, a high pattern of quality, the reason being, it is justified by the low expectation of those who depend on public services. The identification of barriers and opportunities of the user's participation to control the quality of health services has to be faced with an ethical compromise of the administration members and one essential element exercised by the upstanding law abiding collective community.","y","Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"social participation to control and improve the health services",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Camaragibe",36,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T719,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Camaragibe"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T719,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Brazil"},"BrazilCamaragibe",14,2,0]
["Côté, I.; Moisan, J.; Chabot, I.; Grégoire, J. P.",2005,"Health-related quality of life in hypertension: Impact of a pharmacy intervention programme","Background and objective: In a previous study, we observed that a pharmacy-based intervention programme decreased the blood pressure of hypertensive patients. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of this pharmacy programme on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of individuals treated for hypertension. Methods: In a quasi-experimental cohort pilot study, we recruited 91 participants from nine pharmacies in the Quebec City area. We offered the intervention programme over a 9-month period to participants enrolled at four of the pharmacies. The other participants were not exposed to pharmaceutical services other than those usually given by their pharmacists. We used the SF-36 to evaluate HRQOL. Covariance analysis was used to test for significant differences of HRQOL scores between participants exposed and not exposed to the programme. Results and discussion: When compared with the non-exposed participants, those receiving the intervention and with high income had an improvement in vitality score (P = 0.05). On the contrary, low-income exposed participants did not show this benefit and had a decline in mental health score (P = 0.01). Improvement in vitality is likely due to increased physical activity and to a reduction in systolic blood pressure in the high-income exposed group. The negative effect of the programme on the mental health of those exposed in the low-income group might be due to the fact that the programme was not effective in reducing blood pressure and may therefore have caused anxiety. Conclusion: Pharmacists' interventions can have both a positive and negative impact on the HRQOL of individuals, treated with antihypertensive agents, depending on income level. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","y","Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","Scopus","Journal Article","Health-related quality of life in hypertension",2,4,2,"pharmacy intervention programme",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Quebec",178,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T720,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Quebec"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T720,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaQuebec",2,1,1]
["Ko, P. C. I.; Lin, C. H.; Lu, T. C.; Ma, M. H. M.; Chen, W. J.; Lin, F. Y.",2005,"Machine and operator performance analysis of automated external defibrillator utilization","Background and Purpose: The availability of an automated external defibrillator (AED) can improve the outcome of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). On June 1, 2000, Taipei City became the first city in Taiwan to equip emergency medical services personnel with AEDs. This study was conducted to assess the performance of the AED machine in detecting ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the population, and to assess operator performance in its use. Methods: AED use in OHCA patients was assessed over a 1-year period. Electrocardiography and voice records retrieved from AED data cards were analyzed. A shockable rhythm was defined as either VF or VT. AED machine performance was assessed based on the correct identification of these rhythms. Operator performance was evaluated according to American Heart Association guidelines. Results: A total of 978 AED rhythm analyses were obtained for 653 OHCA patients. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting shockable rhythms by the AED machine were 90.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.3% to 93.3%) and 100% (95% CI, 99.5% to 100%), respectively. Sensitivity for coarse VF, fine VF, rapid VT, and slow VT was 97.5%, 74.2%, 63.6% and 60.0%, respectively. An AED was deployed in 18 non-OHCA patients and in 119 patients after they had been moved into the ambulance. Non-compliance with standard procedures occurred during AED use in 162 patients, including interference of movement by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in progress in 69, untimely machine turn-off in 49, leads fell off or disconnected in 33, failure of shock delivery after charge in 28, and interference of movement other than CPR in 22. Conclusions: This study found that the AED machine has high specificity and high sensitivity in detecting VF and VT, especially coarse VF. Efforts are needed to improve the timing of AED deployment and emergency medical technician compliance with standard procedures.","y","Journal of the Formosan Medical Association","Scopus","Journal Article","out-of-hospital cardiac arrest",2,30,2,"equiped emergency services with automated external defibrillator (AED) ",3,"servcie reform",3,0,0,"Taipai",212,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T721,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Taipei"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T721,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Taiwan"},"TaiwanTaipei",55,4,1]
["Van Uden, C. J. T.; Winkens, R. A. G.; Wesseling, G.; Fiolet, H. F. B. M.; Van Schayck, O. C. P.; Crebolder, H. F. J. M.",2005,"The impact of a primary care physician cooperative on the caseload of an emergency department: The Maastricht integrated out-of-hours service","OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of an out-of-hours primary care physician (PCP) cooperative on the caseload at the emergency department (ED) and to study characteristics of patients utilizing out-of-hours care. DESIGN: A pre-post intervention design was used. During a 3-week period before and a 3-week period after establishing the PCP cooperative, all patient records with out-of-hours primary and emergency care were analyzed. SETTING: Primary care in Maastricht (the Netherlands) is delivered by 59 PCPs. Primary care physicians formerly organized out-of-hours care in small locum groups. In January 2000, out-of-hours primary care was reorganized, and a PCP cooperative was established. This cooperative is located at the ED of the University Hospital Maastricht, the city's only hospital, which has no emergency medicine specialists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number of patients utilizing out-of-hours care, their age and sex, diagnoses, post-ED care, and serious adverse events. RESULTS. After establishing the PCP cooperative, the proportion of patients utilizing emergency care decreased by 53%, and the proportion of patients utilizing primary care increased by 25%. The shift was the largest for patients with musculoskeletal disorders or skin problems. There were fewer hospital admissions, and fewer subsequent referrals to the patient's own PCP and medical specialists. No substantial change in new outpatient visits at the hospital or in mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS: In the city of Maastricht, the Netherlands, the PCP cooperative reduced the use of hospital emergency care during out-of-hours care.","y","Journal of General Internal Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of out of hours primary care",2,38,2,"out-of-hours primary care physician (PCP) cooperative - to imprvove quality of care and reduce the caseload at the emergency department (ED) ",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Maastricht",120,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T722,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Maastricht"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T722,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsMaastricht",30,3,1]
["Wojner-Alexandrov, A. W.; Alexandrov, A. V.; Rodriguez, D.; Persse, D.; Grotta, J. C.",2005,"Houston paramedic and emergency stroke treatment and outcomes study (HoPSTO)","Background and Purpose - Establishment of stroke centers, combined with accurate paramedic diagnosis and rapid transport, is essential to deliver acute stroke therapy. We wanted to measure and improve paramedic and hospital performance through implementation of the Brain Attack Coalition and American Stroke Association guidelines. Methods - Pre-intervention and active-intervention phases with parallel data measurement points were used. The study involved six hospitals comprising the majority of acute-stroke admissions in Houston, Tex. Hospital, paramedic, and patient data were collected prospectively pre-intervention and during the active-intervention phase on all suspected acute-stroke patients admitted by Houston Fire Department-Emergency Medical Services. A multilevel educational intervention included paramedic, hospital, and community education. Paramedic diagnostic accuracy, hospital-performance efficiency, and thrombolytic treatment rates were the main outcome measures of the study. Results - Four hundred forty-six patients (74 per month) were transported in the pre-intervention phase to participating hospitals (59.8% of all suspected stroke patients transported city wide by Houston Fire Department-Emergency Medical Services), compared with 1072 patients (89 per month, or 68.7%) transported in the active-intervention phase (P<0.001). Accuracy of paramedic diagnosis of stroke increased from 61% to 79%. Admission within 2 hours of symptom onset increased from 58% to 62% (P=0.002). Thrombolysis rates increased in 4 of 6 centers, with 1 post-tissue plasminogen activator hemorrhage (3.7%) reported. Conclusions - A multilevel educational program improves rapid hospitalization and paramedic diagnostic accuracy and increases the number of patients presenting for evaluation within the 3-hour tissue plasminogen activator window. Stroke center development supports safe thrombolytic practice in community settings. © 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.","y","Stroke","Scopus","Journal Article","stroke treatment",2,19,2,"Measure and improve paramedic and hospital performance through implementation of the Brain Attack Coalition and American Stroke Association guidelines. ",1,"training and education of medical personnel",0,0,0,"Houston",95,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T723,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Houston"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T723,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaHouston",1,1,1]
["Dapp, U.; Anders, J.; Von Renteln-Kruse, W.; Meier-Baumgartner, H. P.",2005,"Active health promotion in old age: Methodology of a preventive intervention programme provided by an interdisciplinary health advisory team for independent older people","People live longer today and, therefore, have more opportunity to a quire non-fatal disabilities in old age. Disability in old age has multifactorial causes, including physiological, psychological and social risk factors. An innovative health promotion and prevention programme designed for elderly people was developed at the Albertinen-Haus Geriatrics Centre in Hamburg in 2001 and offered to residents of the city aged 60 years and over who were living in their own homes. Eligible individuals were independent, i.e. without disabilities (not in need of care or support according to the German health system's categorization), and without cognitive impairment. The programme focuses on areas of health behaviour that are interrelated and target self-efficacy and empowerment. The programme used an interdisciplinary approach in group sessions. The team of health promotion advisers (Gesundheitsberater-Team) consisted of members of four professions, i.e. physician, social worker, physiotherapist, and nutrition and home economics specialist. We decided to work in group sessions because of the potential for positive dynamic effects between group participants and for reasons of cost. We also developed a curriculum to train professional members of interdisciplinary geriatric teams to work as health promotion advisers for elderly people. © Springer-Verlag 2005.","y","Journal of Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"multi-disciinplary health outreach support",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Hamburg",84,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T724,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hamburg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T724,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyHamburg",28,3,0]
["Galea, S.; Vlahov, D.",2005,"Urban health: Evidence, challenges, and directions","Urbanization is one of the most important demographic shifts worldwide during the past century and represents a substantial change from how most of the world's population has lived for the past several thousand years. The study of urban health considers how characteristics of the urban environment may affect population health. This paper reviews the empirical research assessing urban living's impact on population health and our rationale for considering the study of urban health as a distinct field of inquiry. The key factors affecting health in cities can be considered within three broad themes: the physical environment, the social environment, and access to health and social services. The methodologic and conceptual challenges facing the study of urban health, arising both from the limitations of the research to date and from the complexities inherent in assessing the relations among complex urban systems, disease causation, and health are discussed. Copyright © 2005 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Research into key factors affecting health in cities",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"n/a",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T725,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T725,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Sikkema, K. J.",2005,"HIV prevention among women in low-income housing developments: Issues and intervention outcomes in a place-based randomized controlled trial","The scope and urgency of the HIV epidemic requires the development and evaluation of community-level behavior change intervention strategies. A randomized, multisite community-level HIV prevention trial was undertaken with women living in eighteen low-income housing developments in five U.S. cities. In the nine experimental condition developments, an intervention was undertaken that included identifying opinion leaders to attend risk reduction workshops and to form Women's Health Councils to carry out community events to reach all residents and support risk reduction efforts. Baseline and twelve-month follow-up risk characteristics were assessed by surveying 690 women at both time points. In comparison to women in the control condition developments, women in the community intervention developments reported significant reductions in frequency of any unprotected intercourse and increases in the percentage of condom-protected inter-course occasions. Community-level interventions that engage women in neighborhood-based HIV prevention activities can bring about reductions in HIV risk-related sexual behavior.","y","Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,2,1,"Community level behavior change intervention - peer ",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"n/a",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T726,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T726,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Griffiths, P.; Morris, S.; Somers, A.; Till, S.",2005,"A clinical audit of Sheffield NICE guidance for Cox II-selective inhibitors for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis","In England and Wales, arthritis is a common problem with substantial costs to the NHS. In light of this the National Institute for Clinical Excellence published technology appraisal guidance on the use of Cox II-selective inhibitors as part of the management of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. This paper describes how this guidance was adapted and implemented at a local level in Sheffield through the work of a group of key stakeholders from both primary and secondary care. The paper then describes how a city-wide interface clinical audit project was used to assess compliance with the guidance through measurement against criteria and standards. The methodology for the audit is then clearly outlined alongside a table of results. Key results are that only 57.7% (309/535) of all high-risk patients were receiving appropriate medication. Of the low-risk patients, 42.9% (82/191) were receiving inappropriate medication. This inappropriate prescribing has been addressed through various strategies such as review clinics, education sessions in primary and secondary care and through ensuring clinician access to the guidance, algorithm, patient information leaflets and audit results. The paper then goes on to discuss some cost implications associated with the recommended changes in practice, before providing evidence of improvements in compliance through initial re-audit data. © 2005 Radcliffe Publishing.","y","Quality in Primary Care","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"A clinical audit of Sheffield NICE guidance",3,"not stated",3,0,2,"Sheffield",193,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T727,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sheffield"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T727,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandSheffield",3,3,1]
["Allaby, M.; Preston, C.",2005,"Transferring responsilbility from an international NGO to local government: Experience from the Yala Urban Health Programme. Nepal","This article describes the response of the Yala Urban Health Programme and its predecessors to urban health problems in Patan, Nepal, over 20 years. The initial response was to take responsibility for filling the gap in essential services; however, since 1998, the response has changed, to become an eight-year phased transfer of responsibility to local government, with the following goal: \"To improve the health of all in Patan, particularly the poor and marginalized, by establishing an effective, accessible and sustainable primary health care system. This will be a public-private-NGO partnership coordinated by the city council.\" Six years into the process, there are encouraging signs that local government will indeed take up the challenge of coordinating essential health services for the city. We describe here the factors we believe have contributed to a successful handover, some of the problems encountered so far and the uncertainties that remain. Perhaps the most important factor for success is that leaders in the international NGO and the municipality have been willing to take risks. By modelling an attitude of service and valuing the service given by others, the balance of risk may have been tipped in favour of success.","y","Environment and Urbanization","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"Establishing a primary care health system",3,"Transfer of primary care provision from NGO to state",2,2,0,"Patan",169,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T728,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Patan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T728,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"nepal"},"nepalPatan",39,4,0]
["Bateman, C.",2005,"Transformation trauma in Buffalo City",null,"y","South African Medical Journal","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Buffalo City",28,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T729,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Buffalo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T729,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USABuffalo",1,1,0]
["Lambert, M. L.; Delgado, R.; Michaux, G.; Vols, A.; Speybroeck, N.; Van Der Stuyft, P.",2005,"Collaboration between private pharmacies and national tuberculosis programme: An intervention in Bolivia","BACKGROUND: Public-private partnerships are felt to be necessary for tuberculosis (TB) control in some developing countries. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the potential of a collaboration between the National TB Programme (NTP) and private pharmacies in Bolivia, the country with the highest TB incidence in Latin America. METHODS: We contacted the local Pharmacists' Association in the city of Cochabamba, and designed a two phase intervention. The objectives of the first phase were to decrease the availability of TB drugs in private pharmacies on a voluntary basis, and to improve referral of clients seeking TB drugs to the NTP. A survey of all pharmacies allowed for a before-after comparison with a baseline survey. The objectives of the second phase were to obtain referral of pharmacy clients with chronic cough for TB screening in the NTP. This phase was started in 70 pharmacies and evaluated after 2 months using the referral slips issued by the pharmacists. RESULTS: The proportion of pharmacies selling TB drugs decreased (rifampicin: 23-11.5%; isoniazid: 16-3.1%; P < 0.001) and the proportion of pharmacies referring to the NTP clients seeking TB drugs increased (22-58%; P < 0.0001). In the second phase, 26 of 70 pharmacies (38%) referred a total of 41 clients for screening in the NTP (i.e. an average of 0.29 clients per pharmacy and per month); 11 of 41 (27%) were screened and three of 11 (27%) diagnosed with smear-positive TB. CONCLUSION: The first phase of the intervention proved effective in reducing the availability of the main TB drugs in pharmacies, and in improving referral of clients seeking TB drugs. Key factors in this success were not specific to Bolivia, and collaboration between private pharmacies and public services appears possible in that respect. However, collaboration with pharmacies does not seem an efficient way to increase the number of patients screened for TB, and to shorten delays to TB diagnosis and treatment. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","y","Tropical Medicine and International Health","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,34,1,"collaborative between public TB programme and private pharmacies  ",3,"collaboration between private and public",2,3,0,"Cochabamba",62,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T730,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Detroit"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T730,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaDetroit",12,2,1]
["Godfrey, R.; Julien, M.",2005,"Urbanisation and health","The effect on health of urbanisation is two-edged. On the one hand, there are the benefits of ready access to healthcare, sanitation, and secure nutrition, whilst on the other there are the evils of overcrowding, pollution, social deprivation, crime, and stress-related illness. In less developed countries, urbanisation also opens the door to 'western' diseases, including hypertension, heart disease, obesity, diabetes and asthma. Here we review some of the health-related aspects of urbanisation, and comment on strategies designed to improve urban health. Because there is such a clear divide between the long process of urbanisation in industrialised western nations and the relatively recent explosive expansion in resource-poor countries, they are discussed separately.","y","Clinical Medicine, Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Study examining the effect of urbanization on health",0,"Research",7,0,0,0,0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T731,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T731,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Cruz, G. D.; Roldós, I.; Puerta, D. I.; Salazar, C. R.",2005,"Community-based, culturally appropriate oral health promotion program for immigrant pregnant women in New York City","Pre- and postnatal prevention programs may significantly improve the oral health of mother and child. The overall aim of this project was to assess the need for and develop an oral health promotion program for low-income immigrant pregnant women in New York City. Results from the baseline survey showed very low awareness of the importance of maternal oral health and its relationship to an infant's general and oral health among the participants. Based on these results, we developed culturally appropriate educational materials and workshops to promote oral health among pregnant women. As of September 2005, we had conducted more than 500 workshops, distributed educational packages to close to 10,000 women and disseminated about 20,000 brochures in four languages to health care centers and maternal health centers across New York State.","y","The New York state dental journal","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,27,2,"educaiton programme",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T732,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T732,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Gorrie, T. M.",2005,"Evolving approaches to healthcare challenges","Disease and illness have always challenged human existence, and healthcare has mirrored humanity’s social evolution and acquisition of scientific knowledge. As cities grew, populations multiplied, and long-distance travel increased, larger outbreaks of infectious diseases became possible. As our activity level, diet, and longevity have changed, we have increasingly had to treat diseases of the joints, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Similarly, our understanding of what causes these and other diseases has evolved from attributing their origin to demonic forces and the imbalance of elements such as the four bodily humors to today’s scientific understandings of microbiology, cell biology, and genetics. With our increased knowledge came vastly improved treatments. The days of bleeding patients to treat fevers are gone. We have vaccines to prevent infections. But as society and science have advanced, we continue to be challenged by new diseases and providing access to healthcare for all people. These are two of today’s greatest healthcare challenges, and this chapter, like the others in this book, focuses on various aspects of how we can be more successful in addressing them. To overcome the unmet health needs throughout the world, we need new approaches based upon sound principles. We are in an era of tremendous innovation with great potential for increasing access to quality healthcare around the globe. With nearly 60 percent of the growth in worldwideGDPthrough 2020 expected to occur in emerging markets such as China, Brazil, India, Mexico, and Russia, new collaborative approaches and new ways of working in global partnerships across geographies and companies will be required if we are to successfully address our healthcare challenges. © Cambridge University Press 2005.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","health",1,0,2,"descriptive piece",0,"Research",7,0,0,"n/a",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T733,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T733,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Andrade, L. O.; Bareta, I. C.; Gomes, C. F.; Canuto, O. M.",2005,"Public health policies as guides for local public policies: the experience of Sobral-Ceará, Brazil","The accelerated urbanisation process that Brazil has gone through in the last 50 years has given rise to daunting challenges for public managers, especially in terms of local public policy management for the building of \"healthy cities\". In Sobral, a municipality of 173,000 inhabitants in Ceará in the North-eastern region of Brazil, a number of municipal policies were initiated beginning in 1997, many in partnership with the federal and state governments. They were inspired by the vision of a healthy and equitable city and were marked by strategic planning and the implementation of intersectoral projects. This article lays out some of the actions and their results, including an increase in the public supply of drinking water from 65% to 97% of households; an increase in sewage networks from 7% to 65%; an increase in public refuse collection from 42% to 90%; the expansion of green areas; the construction of nine kilometres of bicycle paths; the universalisation of integral health care through the Family Health Strategy through a network with specialised out-patient and hospital services; and a 148% increase in the number of children enrolled in primary school. These initiatives also resulted in the improvement of quality of life indicators, including a reduction in infant mortality from 61.4 to 19.0 per thousand live births, a drop in the mortality rate from traffic accidents from 33.40 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2001 to 15.25 in 2003; and a jump in literacy rates among children in the first cycle of primary school from 40 to 90.7%. In the present article, the authors describe some of the successful strategies and projects initiated between 1997 and 2003, and discuss how this experience could be reproduced in other communities across Brazil and around the world.","y","Promotion & education","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Public health initiatives",7,"Programme",2,0,0,"Ceara",42,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T734,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Ceara"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T734,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilCeara",14,2,1]
["Doljanin, K.; Olaris, K.",2004,"Subsidised Café Meals Program: More than \"just a cheap meal\"","This paper describes the Café Meals Program that is operating in the City of Yarra. The Program has resulted from a collaboration of North Yarra Community Health (NYCH) and City of Yarra, and aims to improve access to nutritious, affordable and socially acceptable meals for homeless people. The Program forms a part of City of Yarra's Meals Program; it is managed by NYCH. The Café Meals Program is currently feeding 50-60 homeless people in Yarra. It targets those who are homeless (or at risk of becoming homeless), who find it difficult to prepare their own meals, and who have no other prepared meal options that are appropriate for them in the community. It provides a choice of four local cafés and restaurants for its participants. Each person is provided with a membership card that can be used once per day to purchase a meal (to the value of $8.80) for the price of $2.00. The program empowers clients by giving them control over when, where and what they will eat. It also enables the homeless person to participate in the life of the community by dining in venues where the general community eats and socialises. This improved sense of social connectedness and inclusion can have significant effects on the self-esteem of the program participants, and, subsequently, on their ability to make choices that improve their health and wellbeing. This paper presents this innovative program in detail and provides some insight into its outcomes, the components of the program that make it work, as well as the challenges that the program has had to address.","y","Australian Journal of Primary Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Subsidized meal programme for homeless people",3,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Yarra (Melbourne)",227,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T735,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Yarra"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T735,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},"AustraliaYarra",9,5,0]
["Tan, J.; Banez, C.; Cheung, Y.; Gomez, M.; Nguyen, H.; Banfield, J.; Medeiros, L.; Lee, R.; Cartotto, R.; Fish, J. S.",2004,"Effectiveness of a burn prevention campaign for older adults","Older adults are involved in one fifth of burn injury admissions in the Province of Ontario Canada. Most burn injuries in this population occur at home while cooking, bathing, or smoking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational campaign to improve burn prevention knowledge in older adults of a major metropolitan city. Changes in participants' burn prevention knowledge were determined using standardized precampaign and postcampaign (4-6 weeks) surveys. Of 209 older adult participants, 126 (60.3%) completed the precampaign and postcampaign surveys. There was a significant increase (P < ; .05) in burn prevention knowledge postintervention. Age, education level, and living conditions did not influence the change in burn prevention knowledge. This burn prevention campaign for older adults was effective in improving burn prevention knowledge, but it remains unclear as to whether this will ultimately result in a change in burn prevention behavior.","y","Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,44,2,"Burn prevention Programme in older adults",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T736,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T736,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",2,1,1]
["Bayne-Smith, M.; Fardy, P. S.; Azzollini, A.; Magel, J.; Schmitz, K. H.; Agin, D.",2004,"Improvements in heart health behaviors and reduction in coronary artery disease risk factors in urban teenaged girls through a school-based intervention: The PATH program","Objectives. We sought to assess the effects of a school-based intervention program on cardiovascular disease risk factors in urban girls. Methods. We compared heart health knowledge, health behaviors, cardiovascular risk factors, and physical fitness among a group of 442 multiethnic teenaged girls (310 experimental participants vs 132 control participants). Testing was conducted before and after a 12-week program of vigorous exercises integrated with lectures and discussions on diet, exercise, stress, and smoking. Results. Significant differences in body fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart health knowledge, and whether breakfast was eaten were observed between experimental participants and control participants. Conclusions. An integrated program of exercise and heart health-related lectures and discussions had a beneficial effect on health knowledge, health behaviors, and onset of risk factors for coronary artery disease among urban girls.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,26,2,"School-based intervention program on cardiovascular disease risk factors in urban girls. ",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"n/a",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T737,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T737,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Douglas, C. H.",2004,"A prospective health impact assessment to progress the sustainable futures of a city: The case of Salford, UK","This paper sets the discussion of sustainable development into the context of a city's sustainable futures by relating to the notions and contexts of community health and well-being. The paper discusses aspects of research carried out to identify the potential and consequential health impacts that may arise from the Salford Health Investment for Tomorrow project and the Local Improvement Finance project. The project involved the redevelopment and provision of the new specialist acute hospital facilities at Salford Royal Hospitals Trust, in the City of Salford, UK and four primary care and social centres, representing substantial capital investments across the city. The research demonstrates sustainable development in application through the insights gained from the extensive range of positive and negative health outcomes that were predicted as likely to arise from the project. © 2004 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.","y","Sustainable Development","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"Salford Health Investment for Tomorrow project and the Local Improvement Finance project. ",3,"service reform",2,2,0,"Salford",187,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T738,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Salford"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T738,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandSalford",3,3,0]
["Lönnroth, K.; Uplekar, M.; Arora, V. K.; Juvekar, S.; Lan, N. T. N.; Mwaniki, D.; Pathania, V.",2004,"Public-private mix for DOTS implementation: What makes it work?","Objective: To compare processes and outcomes of four public-private mix (PPM) projects on DOTS implementation for tuberculosis (TB) control in New Delhi, India; Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Nairobi, Kenya; and Pune, India. Methods: Cross-project analysis of secondary data from separate project evaluations was used. Differences among PPM project sites in impact on TB control (change in case detection, treatment outcomes and equity in access) were correlated with differences in chosen intervention strategies and structural conditions. Findings: The analysis suggests that an effective intervention package should include the following provider-side components: (1) orienting private providers (PPs) and the staff of the national TB programme (NTP); (2) improving the referral and information system through simple practical tools; (3) the NTP adequately supervising and monitoring PPs; and (4) the NTP providing free anti-TB drugs to patients treated in the private sector. Conclusion: Getting such an intervention package to work requires that the NTP be strongly committed to supporting, supervising and evaluating PPM projects. Further, using a local nongovernmental organization or a medical association as an intermediary may facilitate collaboration. Investing time and effort to ensure that sufficient dialogue takes place among all stakeholders is important to help build trust and achieve a high level of agreement.","y","Bulletin of the World Health Organization","Scopus","Journal Article","TB",2,34,1,"Comparative analysis of TB interventions across 4 cities ",0,"public / private collaboration",2,0,0,"New Delhi, India; Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Nairobi, Kenya; and Pune, India",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T739,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T739,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,4,0]
["Pizzi, E.; Torricella, E.",2004,"The culture promotion as instrument for health promotion","Purpose: In the suburban areas of large cities there are derelict areas, youth disease and relative forms of poverty especially cultural poverty. In this work is presented the experience of a cultural activity in the suburb of Rome to promote from \"Compagnia Teatrale Il Gruppo\". This activity was to recover and upgrade the suburb. Method: The method used was for the promotion of cultural activity (theatre, visit to archaeologic areas, conferences, etc.) for the local population that have involved citizens like \"actors\" to recover and to use individual, local and institutional resources. Through theatrical experience is stimulated a reflection upon health (natural feeding, smoke), social and ambient themes. Results: This experience is a sign to promote concretely the recovery, revival and renewal of suburban areas of the city. In this twenty years of activity more than two hundred cultural events happened, for many people that live in the territory. The students of the theatre laboratory numbered seven hundred. Conclusion: One of the most important strategy to struggle against cultural poverty, social disease and to transform suburbs into new urban centres, is work to improve the development and quality of life for people that live in that area. The cultural events realized have acquired a meaning of social and cultural promotion \"service\", to improve resources and life skills of the people and of the suburb areas. In this direction promoting cultural activity in the needy territory means promoting health. Through the activation of the local resources we can change suburban areas for many years felt over to urban, social and cultural deterioration.","y","Psychology and Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Cultural promotion to improve health and wellbeing",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Rome",175,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T740,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rome"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T740,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"italy"},"italyRome",34,3,0]
["Stephens, K. K.; Rimal, R. N.; Flora, J. A.",2004,"Expanding the reach of health campaigns: Community organizations as meta-channels for the dissemination of health information","This study investigates whether, and to what extent, community organizations can serve as viable channels of health information. We use Putnam's (2000) findings on social capital to argue that organizations can serve two major functions in health campaigns: instrumental (e.g., providing material support) and affinity (social support). Through a secondary analysis of data from the Stanford Five-City Project, we find significant support for our predictions about who joins community organizations. Membership in community organizations explains greater variance in health outcomes than that explained by general media use, demographic indicators, and health-specific media use. Implications for health campaigns are discussed.","y","Journal of Health Communication","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Better communication of health promotion campaigns through community organizations",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"n/a",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T741,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T741,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Scott, C. K.; Muck, R. D.",2003,"Background and overview of the Target Cities demonstration program","This volume is an effort to describe the experiences and results of a large, federally funded substance abuse research project known as Target Cities, which was designed to address a multitude of challenges inherent in the country's approach to treating substance abuse. These challenges included poor treatment infrastructure, accessibility, and quality; service provider capacity; service coordination/integration; and treatment outcome monitoring. Undertaken in 10 cities across the United States, Target Cities projects were funded through the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and its Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). SAMHSA is the federal agency charged with improving the quality and availability of mental health and substance abuse treatment and prevention services in the country. Federal funding for the Target Cities projects was made available through SAMHSA's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (au). © 2003 State University of New York. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","quality of healthcare",2,13,2," improving the quality and availability of mental health and substance abuse treatment and prevention services in the country",3,"national programme",8,0,0,"10 Cities in the USA",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T742,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T742,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Arfken, C. L.; Klein, C.; Agius, E. J.; Di Menza, S.",2003,"Implementation of selected Target Cities components: Analysis of matching, case management, and linkages","The preceding chapters have described aspects of a centralized intake unit in the Target Cities Program and the people who presented themselves for assessment at them. In addition to a CIU, all Target Cities sites also had a management information system (Hile, 1998). Based upon those structural components, each of the Target Cities sites was then required to match participants to treatment providers using an objective and standardized assessment. Each of the Target Cities sites were also required to address ancillary service needs identified through the assessment by using referrals, case management, and/or linkages to other health and human service agencies. Acting together, these structures and processes of the Target Cities Program were designed to improve the effectiveness of substance abuse treatment systems. This chapter has the goal of evaluating implementation of matching, case management, and linkages. The successes and difficulties in implementation can then be used as a context in which to evaluate the results presented in the other chapters and to guide administrators in developing or changing their own systems. © 2003 State University of New York. All rights reserved.","y",null,"Scopus","Book","quality of healthcare",2,13,2," improving the quality and availability of mental health and substance abuse treatment and prevention services in the country",3,"national programme",8,0,0,"10 Cities in the USA",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T743,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T743,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Pendergraph, L. F.",2003,"Planting a seed: Urban farmers' markets","Farmer's markets can be incorporated into the local comprehensive plan. This will make it easier to address future management of the market, and give the market a permanence in the locality. It is important for planners and city officials to form healthy partnership with the market and surrounding businesses to ensure the market's success and survival. There should be an open dialog among the businesses, residents, and the market officials to create a positive relationship between the farmers' market and the surrounding neighborhood. By facilitating this relationship, planners can use the markets to help achieve specific public goals, from economic development to creating great public spaces. Farmers' markets can be unique tools for planners. They can help identify locations where a market would help with revitalization, and then use them to enhance and showcase the neighborhood's unique identity. In most cases planners should view markets as an oppurtunity to encourage local economic development. They require little public investment, and almost no site improvements. Yet their benefits reach far beyond raising monetary capital. They can be a small initiative that gives hope for bigger change. Farmers' markets cannot take away from a community, only bring life to it.","y","Planning Advisory Service Memo","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Using farmers markets to improve health and wellbeing in urban spaces",2,"city department",5,0,0,"none stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T744,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T744,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Gijsenbergh, F.; Nieuwenhof, A.; Machiels, K.",2003,"Improving the first link in the chain of survival: the Antwerp experience","OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a training programme for emergency medical dispatchers held between 1996 and 1997 in the Belgian city of Antwerp on decision-making regarding tiered emergency medical system responses (mobile intensive care unit teams or basic life support ambulances). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two training sessions based on standardized dispatching protocols were given to the dispatchers. To evaluate the effect of this training, 3000 emergency medical system calls were reviewed. Before and after each training session, audio recordings registered in the dispatch centre, hospital records and in-field provider registrations were analysed. The need for advanced life support was retrospectively assessed. RESULTS: Increased dispatching sensitivity: the proportion of calls in which a mobile intensive care unit team was not dispatched along with the basic life support ambulance, although necessary, dropped from 64% at baseline to 55 and 40%, respectively, after the first and second training sessions. The main effect of the training sessions was a reduction in the amount of errors caused by lack of information. The specificity of the dispatching process, e.g. avoiding sending out mobile intensive care unit teams unnecessarily, was decreased by the first training session but returned to baseline after the second session. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that only repetitive training efforts can result in increased dispatching sensitivity without decreasing dispatching specificity. We recommend the implementation of medically supervised and standardized dispatching protocols in a continuous education programme.","y","European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"a training programme for emergency medical dispatchers",1,"service reform",3,0,0,"Antwerp",5,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T745,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"antwerp"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T745,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"belgium"},"belgiumantwerp",11,3,1]
["Wojner, A. W.; Morgenstern, L.; Alexandrov, A. V.; Rodriguez, D.; Persse, D.; Grotta, J. C.",2003,"Paramedic and emergency department care of stroke: Baseline data from a citywide performance improvement study","• BACKGROUND: Rapid diagnosis and transport by paramedics and efficient, effective emergency management are essential to improving care of acute stroke patients. • OBJECTIVES: To measure the performance of paramedics and emergency departments providing care for patients with suspected acute stroke. • METHODS: Two stroke centers and 4 other hospitals where most patients with acute stroke in Houston, Tex, are admitted participated. Hospital and paramedic performance data were collected prospectively on 446 patients with suspected acute stroke transported by paramedics between September 1999 and February 2000. • RESULTS: Paramedics had a sensitivity of 66%, specificity of 98%, and overall accuracy of 72% in diagnosing stroke. For patients with suspected stroke, 58.5% arrived in the emergency department within 120 minutes of symptom onset; in confirmed cases, that percentage was 67%. Mean total transport time was 42.2 minutes and was significantly longer (P < .001) to inner-city hospitals (44 minutes) than to suburban, community-based centers (39 minutes). Door to computed tomography times were significantly (P < .001) shorter for the 2 stroke centers than the other hospitals. Overall thrombolysis treatment rate among patients with confirmed ischemic stroke was 7.4% (range, 0-19.4%); treatment rates at the 2 stroke centers were 5.9% and 19.4%. • CONCLUSIONS: More than half of patients with suspected stroke arrive at hospitals while thrombolytic treatment is still feasible. Although the current rate for thrombolytic treatment in Houston exceeds the national rate, performance of paramedics and hospitals in treating acute stroke can be improved by increasing efficiency and standardizing medical practices.","y","American Journal of Critical Care","Scopus","Journal Article","stroke care",2,19,2,"QI project in stroke care",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Houston",95,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T746,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Houston"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T746,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaHouston",1,1,1]
["Wrigley, N.; Warm, D.; Margetts, B.",2003,"Deprivation, diet, and food-retail access: Findings from the Leeds 'food deserts' study","Within a context of public policy debate in the United Kingdom on social exclusion, health inequalities, and food poverty, the metaphor of the 'food desert' caught the imagination of those involved in policy development. Drawing from a major cross-disciplinary investigation of food access and food poverty in British cities, the authors report in this paper findings from the first 'before/after' study of food consumption in a highly deprived area of a British city experiencing a sudden and significant change in its food-retail access. The study has been viewed as the first opportunity in the United Kingdom to assess the impact of a non-healthcare intervention (specifically a retail-provision intervention) on food-consumption patterns, and by extension diet-related health, in such a deprived, previously poor-retail-access community. The paper offers evidence of a positive but modest impact of the retail intervention on diet, and the authors discuss the ways in which their findings are potentially significant in the context of policy debate.","y","Environment and Planning A","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,28,2,"significant change to food availability in deprived area.",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Leeds",113,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T747,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Leeds"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T747,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLeeds",3,3,0]
["Harwood, L.; Lawrence-Murphy, J. A.; Ridley, J.; Malek, P.; Boyle, L.; White, S.",2003,"Implementation challenges of a renal nursing professional practice model","A city-wide steering-committee developed and introduced a program wide renal nursing professional practice model (PPM) using a variety of strategies. The PPM outlines values, practice guidelines, professional relationships, and the care delivery model. Challenges are inherent when implementing changes on multiple sites amidst a city-wide merger. Key challenges included maintenance of the model and measurement of its impact on practice. This paper summarizes the leadership team s learning regarding both the support required to successfully implement the model and the developments that competed against a successful implementation. The authors also discuss qualitative evaluation of the nurses experiences during model implementation.","y","Nephrology nursing journal : journal of the American Nephrology Nurses' Association","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of hearlthcare",2,40,2,"New Renal care delivery model",3,"programme",3,0,0,"n/a",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T748,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T748,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Maantay, J.",2002,"Zoning law, health, and environmental justice: What's the connection?","The environmental justice and health implications of zoning laws and practices are examined using New York City's industrial zones as a case study. Several land use regulatory and participatory methods are evaluated as to their efficacy for achieving environmental justice. This study finds a disproportionate environmental burden borne by poorer people and communities of color, based on mapping the locations of industrial zones and the pattern of zoning changes over time, in relation to the characteristics of the proximate populations.","y","Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,8,2,"Zoning laws impact on health and health inequalities",2,"law",4,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T749,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T749,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Weitzman, B. C.; Silver, D.; Dillman, K. N.",2002,"Integrating a comparison group design into a theory of change evaluation: The case of the urban health initiative","This paper describes how we strengthened the theory of change approach to evaluating a complex social initiative by integrating it with a quasi-experimental, comparison group design. We also demonstrate the plausibility of selecting a credible comparison group through the use of cluster analysis, and describe our work in validating that analysis with additional measures. The integrated evaluation design relies on two points of comparison: (1) program theory to program experience; and (2) program cities to comparison cities. We describe how we are using this integrated design to evaluate the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Urban Health Initiative, an effort that aims to improve health and safety outcomes for children and youth in five distressed urban areas through a process of citywide, multi-sector planning and changed public and private systems. We also discuss how the use of two research frameworks and multiple methods can enrich our ability to test underlying assumptions and evaluate overall program effects. Using this integrated approach has provided evidence that the earliest phases of this initiative are unfolding as the theory would predict, and that the comparison cities are not undergoing a similar experience to those in UHI. Despite many remaining limitations, this integrated evaluation can provide greater confidence in assessing whether future changes in health and safety outcomes may have resulted from the Urban Health Initiative (UHI).","y","American Journal of Evaluation","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,8,2,"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Urban Health Initiative",7,"RWJ",8,0,0,"n/a",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T750,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T750,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Capucci, A.; Aschieri, D.; Piepoli, M. F.",2002,"Out-of-hospital early defibrillation seccessfully challenges sudden cardiac arrest: The Piacenza Progetto Vita project","Background. Early defibrillation is the most important intervention influencing survival following sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). In order to improve public access to early defibrillation, in North America several experiences of out-of-hospital early defibrillation by non-medical volunteers have been successfully implemented and demonstrated to improve survival. Methods. Since 1999, in Piacenza, we have established \"Progetto Vita\", the first experience of out-of-hospital early defibrillation by non-medical volunteers in a medium-size European city. Thirty-nine semiautomatic external defibrillators were placed in Piacenza, Italy (266 531 inhabitants) and distributed in 12 high-risk locations, 12 lay-staffed ambulances and 15 police-cars. A total of 1285 lay volunteers were trained by the emergency medical system to intervene in all cases of suspected SCA. Results. During the first 15 months, 203 codes for suspected SCA were dispatched; 197 were confirmed SCA. The overall survival was 5.6% (11/197): survival improved from 2.9% (4/134) with emergency medical system intervention to 11.1% (7/63) when the \"Progetto Vita\" was activated (p < 0.05). The survival rate on \"shockable\" rhythm was 43.7% in the group of patients treated by volunteers vs 16.6% in those treated by emergency medical system aid (p = 0.05). Conclusions. The widespread use of semiautomatic external defibrillators allows early defibrillation by non-medical volunteers and more than triples the survival rate following out-of-hospital SCA.","y","Italian Heart Journal","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,38,2," improve public access to early defibrillation for SCA",2,"servcie reform",3,0,0,"Piacenza",170,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T751,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Piacenza"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T751,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"italy"},"italyPiacenza",34,3,2]
["Sullivan, T. A.; Sharma, M.; Stacy, R.",2002,"Effects of a brief training program for lay health volunteers to facilitate smoking cessation among African Americans","This study evaluated a training program to train lay health volunteers in facilitating smoking cessation for a low-income, African American community in a Midwest city. Fourteen volunteers completed this training. The four-hour training program applied the constructs of the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), namely self-efficacy and outcome expectations relating to the processes of behavioral change. A repeated measures design was utilized measuring participants' perceived knowledge, outcome expectations, their self-efficacy on conducting smoking cessation classes and their behavioral change in organizing and conducting smoking cessation programs. Results highlighted statistically significant changes in knowledge, outcome expectations, and self-efficacy (p≤0.05) between pre-test and post-test indicating a successful training program. However, no significance was noted for a change in behavior. Implementation and environmental issues need to be encouraged in future programs in order to effect the behavioral change and continue the success of the program.","y","Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,7,2,"lay smoking cessation advisers",1,"Programme",0,0,0,"Midwest City",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T752,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T752,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Garg, A.; Landrigan, P. J.",2002,"Children's environmental health: New gains in science and policy","Recognition of the interconnectedness of the environment and human health stimulated the sanitary reform movement of the nineteenth century, a massive effort to bring clean water, decent housing, and effective waste removal to cities in Europe and the United States. The movement achieved great gains in public health and resulted in substantial enhancement of the quality and length of human life. Paradoxically, in much of the twentieth century, the relation between the environment and human health was forgotten. The result was that little concern was given in environmental law and regulation to protecting public health. In the 1990s, a new recognition of interconnections between environment and health was established, with children's health as the focal point. This article reviews the historical relation between environmental protection and public health. It traces the separation of these two fields and focuses on the role of children's environmental health in the current rejoining of the disciplines.","y","Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Study looking at link between environmental protection and public health",2,"Research",7,0,0,"n/a",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T753,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T753,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Petchmark, P.",2002,"Urban poor housing development as a basis for healthy and sustainable city development Ayutthaya, Thailand","Because many of the people living in these poor communities earn their living within the city's thriving tourism sector, by selling food and souvenirs, working as guides, or working in service sector jobs in hotels, restaurants, and small businesses, they cannot move out of the city without losing their livelihoods. The cheap labour and informal goods and services which this badly-housed population provides is an important ingredient in the city's prosperity. The dilemma which many larger cities around the world are facing thus repeats itself in Ayutthaya, at a smaller scale, in which the city needs the poor's cheap labour but has been unable to acknowledge their needs regarding secure housing and basic services. So the question in recent years has been how can all stakeholders work together to improve the situation in the city? How can they create a healthy city? The healthy city concept not only concentrates on the health and well-being of the middle- and upper-class segments of the population, in the conventional sense, but also tries to create opportunities for all groups of people to develop and perform all the functions of life. Low-income communities can initiate joint development activities with other civic groups, specializing in bottom-up development in many forms, i.e., savings and credit, community welfare, communities surveys, and the type of environmental and housing development that can lead to real participation and development of a healthy city for all citizens. Low-income housing development for a healthy city in Ayutthaya is a case that brings interorganizational linkages and responsibility-sharing among community organizations, community networks, local and central government agencies, public organizations, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the implementation process, based on the idea that poor people can reside in the city in mutually beneficial ways. This is an ongoing project which has created two to three demonstration communities to show various possible solutions.","y","Regional Development Dialogue","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Project trying to raise the health and wellbeing of lwo income communities in cities",7,"Programme",0,0,0,"Ayutthaya",10,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T754,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Ayutthaya"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T754,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Thailand"},"ThailandAyutthaya",56,4,0]
["Tegart, G.; Jewell, T.",2001,"Healthy futures for Asia-Pacific megacities","The Asia-Pacific Co-operation (APEC) region, which comprises 21 developed and developing economies, is expected to become predominantly urban by 2020 with at least 15 cities exceeding 10 million inhabitants. Whether such megacities will be 'healthy' in the sense of physical, mental and social wellbeing is critical to the future of the region. A modified scenario creation technique has been used in this study of APEC megacities to 2020. Fifteen key issues have been identified and these can be grouped using the concept of cities as living organisms. A healthy megacity is one which reduces its resource inputs and waste outputs, whilst simultaneously improving the quality of life for its inhabitants. The study concludes that healthy megacities are possible if appropriate policy actions are taken.","y","Foresight","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"research / opinion piece",0,"not stated",1,0,0,"n/a",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T755,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T755,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Wasson, J. H.; James, C.",2001,"Implementation of web-based interaction technology to improve the quality of a city's health care","In the clinic, one method for improving the interaction is to ask patients to systematically report their health status, give them standard advice based on their responses, and ask them to discuss this advice with a health practitioner. In the school system, this approach provides aggregate information for targeting programs to meet student needs. In the workplace, this health assessment and personal feedback approach may be offered to employees to improve health care and lower health care costs. But why stop at the door of the clinic, school, or workplace when Internet technology can extend to an entire community the benefits of health assessment and feedback?","y","Journal of Ambulatory Care Management","Scopus","Journal Article","Quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"Implementation of web-based interaction technology to improve the quality of a city's health care",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T756,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T756,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Rodrigo, T.; Caylà, J. A.; Galdós-Tangüis, H.; Garcia De Olalla, P.; Brugal, M. T.; Jansá, J. M.",2001,"Proposing indicators for evaluation of tuberculosis control programmes in large cities based on the experience of Barcelona","OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the BarcelonaTuberculosis (TB) Control Programme and to propose evaluation indicators. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using quantitative indicators, the results and impact of the programme over the period 1987 to 1999 were evaluated. Statistical analysis was based on a description of indicators, including tests for trends, and on the evolution of the incidence. RESULTS: The incidence of tuberculosis rose between 1987 and 1991 (P = 0.10), and fell between 1991 and 1999 (P < 0.001). During the study period statistically significant improvements were observed in the percentage of cases notified by the medical profession, adherence to treatment and the percentage of cases on directly observed treatment (DOT), and meningitis among children aged 0 to 4 years fell notably. However, diagnostic delay in smear-positive cases and the percentage of cases whose contacts were examined did not vary significantly. The evaluation indicated an average annual decline in tuberculosis incidence of 6.7%, and rates of adherence to treatment (94.5% among smear-positive cases) achieved their objectives. The average median diagnostic delay (36 days) and the percentage of cases with contacts examined (mean 59.8%) were rather less optimistic. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the evaluation were in general positive. Decline in incidence, meningitis in children, treatment adherence rates, diagnostic delay and percentage of cases with studied contacts were considered the best indicators for evaluation of TB programmes.","y","International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,34,1,"TB control programme",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Barcelona",13,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T757,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Barcelona"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T757,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainBarcelona",4,3,2]
["Shao, M.; Zhang, Y.; Raufer, R.",2001,"Control strategies for vehicular NOx emissions in Guangzhou, China","Guangzhou is a city in southern China that has experienced very rapid economic development in recent years. The city's air has very high concentrations of various pollutants, including sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), ozone (O3) and particulate. This paper reviews the changes in air quality in the city over the past 15 years, and notes that a serious vehicular-related emissions problem has been superimposed on the traditional coal-burning problem evident in most Chinese cities. As NOx concentrations have increased, oxidants and photochemical smog now interact with the traditional SO2 and particulate pollutants, leading to increased health risks and other environmental concerns. Any responsible NOx control strategy for the city must include vehicle emission control measures. This paper reviews control strategies designed to abate vehicle emissions to fulfill the city's air quality improvement target in 2010. A cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that, while NOx emissions control is expensive, vehicular emission standards could achieve a relatively sizable emissions reduction at reasonable cost. To achieve the 2010 air quality target of NOx, advanced implementation of EURO3 standards is recommended, substituting for the EURO2 currently envisioned in the national regulations. Related technical options, including fuel quality improvements and inspection/maintenance (I/M) upgrades (ASM or IM240), are assessed as well. © 2001 United Nations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","y","Natural Resources Forum","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"evaluated interventions to abate vehicle emissions",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Guangzhou",85,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T758,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Guangzhou"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T758,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaGuangzhou",5,4,0]
["Danigelis, N. L.; Ashley, J. A.; Worden, J. K.; Dorwaldt, A. L.; Roberson, N. L.",2001,"Two community outreach strategies to increase breast cancer screening among low-income women","Background. Two approaches were designed for low-income women to promote their use of mammography screening. Methods. During 1995-96, as part of a community outreach project in a Florida city, 1,157 women aged 45 years or older attended group education sessions on breast cancer screening, while another 1,450 participated in one-on-one talks about screening at display tables in various public places. County mammography registry data were used to assess changes in the use of mammography screening. Results. Among women 55 years old or older, especially whites, the one-on-one approach was more often associated with subsequent mammography screening than was the group approach. African American women and Latina women appeared to benefit more from the group approach than from the one-on-one approach. Conclusions. Group or one-on-one breast cancer screening education can improve screening behaviors among low-income women, depending on the age and ethnicity of the women targeted.","y","Journal of Cancer Education","Scopus","Journal Article","screening",2,12,2,"community outreach strategies to increase breast cancer screening among low-income women",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"A city in Florida",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T759,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T759,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Reisig, V. M. T.; Hobbiss, A.",2000,"Food deserts and how to tackle them: A study of one city's approach","A city's response to food deserts was investigated during summer 1998 and reviewed in the light of more recent Health Improvement Plan (HImP) and Health Action Zone (HAZ) initiatives. Key stakeholders were identified and interviewed in depth, and semi-structured questionnaires were sent to locally represented supermarket chains. Tackling food deserts appeared to be on the periphery of key stakeholders' agendas, with work to date being characterised by a piecemeal approach, over-reliance on community development, and underfunding. An inclusive approach, focusing both on aspects of poverty and the food system, and on involving communities, the public and private sectors, is suggested. Recent HAZ and HImP initiatives provide scope to progress in this direction.","y","Health Education Journal","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,28,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T760,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T760,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Scott, C. K.; Muck, R. D.; Foss, M. A.",2000,"The impact of centralized intake on access to treatment and satisfaction with intake procedures","The substance abuse treatment system is currently confronted with not only more clients but also clients with a complex array of health and human service needs. Existing systems often lack both resources and the institutional structure needed to manage clients with multiple and often chronic needs. Presented in this chapter is a review of a federally funded demonstration project designed to address these client management requirements in the treatment system. The project, Target Cities, focused a variety of interventions designed to improve access to assessments and treatment, client-treatment matching procedures, linkages and referrals to other health and human service providers, and client tracking. Discussed are the history, rationale, implementation, and findings produced by these system changes in one main metropolitan area. The results indicated that centralized intake improved access to treatment while maintaining client satisfaction with the intake process. © 2000 JAI Press Inc.","y",null,"Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,13,2,"Study looking at federally funded demonstration project designed to address client management requirements in the substance misuse treatment system",3,"federally funded",8,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T761,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T761,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Freudenberg, N.",2000,"Health promotion in the city: A review of current practice and future prospects in the United States","To achieve its health goals, the United States must reduce the disproportionate burden of illness and poor health borne by urban populations. In the 20th century, patterns of immigration and migration, changes in the global economy, increases in income inequality, and more federal support for suburbanization have made it increasingly difficult for cities to protect the health of all residents. In the last 25 years, epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus infections and substance abuse and increases in homelessness, lack of health insurance, rates of violence, and concentrations of certain pollutants have also damaged the health of urban residents. Several common strategies for health promotion are described, and their relevance to the unique characteristics of urban populations is assessed. To identify ways to strengthen health promotion practices in U.S. cities, lessons have been taken from five related fields of endeavor: human rights, church- and faith-based social action, community economic development, youth development, and the new social movements. By integrating lessons from these areas into their practice, public health professionals can help to revitalize the historic mission of public health, contribute to creating healthier cities, and better achieve national health objectives.","y",null,"Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Review of public health initiatives in US",0,"review",0,0,0,"not applicable",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T762,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T762,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Luepker, R. V.; Raczynski, J. M.; Osganian, S.; Goldberg, R. J.; Finnegan Jr, J. R.; Hedges, J. R.; Goff Jr, D. C.; Eisenberg, M. S.; Zapka, J. G.; Feldman, H. A.; Labarthe, D. R.; McGovern, P. G.; Cornell, C. E.; Proschan, M. A.; Simons-Morton, D. C.",2000,"Effect of a community intervention on patient delay and emergency medical service use in acute coronary heart disease: The Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment (REACT) Trial","Context: Delayed access to medical care in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is common and increases myocardial damage and mortality. Objective: To evaluate a community intervention to reduce patient delay from symptom onset to hospital presentation and increase emergency medical service (EMS) use. Design and Setting: The Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment Trial, a randomized trial conducted from 1995 to 1997 in 20 US cities (10 matched pairs; population range, 55777-238912) in 10 states. Participants: A total of 59944 adults aged 30 years or older presenting to hospital emergency departments (EDs) with chest pain, of whom 20364 met the primary population criteria of suspected acute coronary heart disease on admission and were discharged with a coronary heart disease-related diagnosis. Intervention: One city in each pair was randomly assigned to an 18-month intervention that targeted mass media, community organizations, and professional, public, and patient education to increase appropriate patient actions for AMI symptoms (primary population, n = 10563). The other city in each pair was randomly assigned to reference status (primary population, n = 9801). Main Outcome Measures: Time from symptom onset to ED arrival and EMS use, compared between intervention and reference city pairs. Results: General population surveys provided evidence of increased public awareness and knowledge of program messages. Patient delay from symptom onset to hospital arrival at baseline (median, 140 minutes) was identical in the intervention and reference communities. Delay time decreased in intervention communities by -4.7% per year (95% confidence interval [CI], -8.6% to -0.6%), but the change did not differ significantly from that observed in reference communities (-6.8% per year; 95% CI, -14.5% to 1.6%; P = .54). EMS use by the primary study population increased significantly in intervention communities compared with reference communities, with a net effect of 20% (95% CI, 7%- 34%; P<.005). Total numbers of ED presentations for chest pain and patients with chest pain discharged from the ED, as well as EMS use among patients with chest pain released from the ED, did not change significantly. Conclusions: In this study, despite an 18-month intervention, time from symptom onset to hospital arrival for patients with chest pain did not change differentially between groups, although increased appropriate EMS use occurred in intervention communities. New strategies are needed if delay time from symptom onset to hospital presentation is to be decreased further in patients with suspected AMI.","y","Journal of the American Medical Association","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,30,2,"community education media campaign",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"10 cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T763,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T763,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Coggan, C.; Patterson, P.; Brewin, M.; Hooper, R.; Robinson, E.",2000,"Evaluation of the Waitakere Community Injury Prevention Project","Objective - To evaluate the Waitakere Community Injury Prevention Project (WCIPP). Methods - Process and outcome evaluations were conducted over a three year period. Process activities included analysis of project documentation, participant observation, key informant interviews, and two post-implementation case studies. A quasiexperimental design was used for the outcome evaluation. Three primary sources of data were collected and analysed: injury statistics; a pre-post telephone survey (n=4000); and a pre-post organisation survey (n=144). Results - Process evaluation provided a comprehensive account of the operation and activities of the WCIPP. Findings stress the pivotal role of the coordinators and highlight the value of incorporating a multicultural approach. A positive impact on changes to Waitakere City Council safety policies and practices was also evident. Outcome evaluation findings demonstrated significant reductions in rates of Waitakere child injury hospitalisations (p<0.05), while comparison communities showed an increase in child hospitalisation rates. In addition, compared with pre-intervention and comparison data, significantly more Waitakere residents were aware of injury prevention safety messages (p=0.0001) and had acquired appropriate child safety items (p=0.0001). Conclusion - The community injury prevention model appears to be an effective strategy for injury prevention. The support provided by the council for the WCIPP has provided a benchmark for the role of local governments in injury prevention.","y","Injury Prevention","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Community Injury Prevention Project",7,"not stated",0,0,2,"Waitakere City",237,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T764,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Waitakere"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T764,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"New Zealand"},"New ZealandWaitakere",40,5,2]
["Cleary, J.; McClintock, H.",2000,"The Nottingham Cycle-friendly Employers Project: Lessons for encouraging cycle commuting","The Nottingham Cycle Friendly Employers Project studied the effectiveness of measures to promote cycling to work by eight large city employers under the 1995 government-funded Cycle Challenge. Progress was monitored by 'before' and 'after' surveys, by examination of the measures, and by discussions with the employers. Overall cycling awareness and activity were increased by the project: 42% of employees said their cycle commuting had increased. The main influences, about equally, were providing workplace cycling facilities, a house or job move making cycling more attractive, and heightened awareness of the importance of regular exercise for health. The most welcomed and best used measures were secure cycle parking, showering and changing facilities, and cycle purchase loans.","y","Local Environment","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,10,2,"The Nottingham Cycle Friendly Employers Project",1,"City response to national policy",1,0,0,"Nottingham",148,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T765,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nottingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T765,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandNottingham",3,3,0]
["Wesson, D.; Spence, L.; Hu, X.; Parkin, P.",2000,"Trends in bicycling-related head injuries in children after implementation of a community-based bike helmet campaign","Background/Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a community-based bike helmet promotion campaign on bike helmet use and related head injuries in children (0 to 14 years of age) in a large North American city. Methods: The authors established a multifaceted, multidisciplined, community-based campaign to promote bike helmet use by children in 1989. The goals were to increase helmet use by 100% per year, to reduce fatal bike-related head injuries by 50% overall, and to explore the feasibility of legislation mandating helmet use. Helmet use was measured by standardized field observations repeated annually in a single borough within the metropolitan area. To estimate head injury incidence, the number of admissions to hospital for the treatment of bike-related head injuries in a regional trauma registry, which included all residents in the target population was used. The authors were unable to control for changes in exposure to bicycling or in the criteria for admissions to hospital for the treatment of head injuries during the study period. Results: The bike helmet use rate rose from 4% in 1990 to 67% in 1996. The number of head injury admissions fell from 46 in 1990 to 24 in 1996. Legislation requiring helmet use by all children went into effect in October 1995. Conclusions: Bike helmet use increased significantly during the first 4 years of the campaign and again after the helmet law was implemented. The total number of bike- related head injury admissions declined by more than 50%. The campaign achieved all of its goals except for a 50% reduction in fatal head injuries, which were too infrequent for analysis. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company.","y","Journal of Pediatric Surgery","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,44,2,"community-based bike helmet campaign",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T766,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T766,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,2]
["Arreola-Risa, C.; Mock, C. N.; Lojero-Wheatly, L.; De La Cruz, O.; Garcia, C.; Canavati-Ayub, F.; Jurkovich, G. J.",2000,"Low-cost improvements in prehospital trauma care in a Latin American city","Objective: Prehospital care is a critical component of efforts to lower trauma mortality. In less-developed countries, scarce resources dictate that any improvements in prehospital care must be low in cost. In one Latin American city, recent efforts to improve prehospital care have included an increase in the number of sites of ambulance dispatch from two to four and introduction of the Prehospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS) course. Methods: The effect of increased dispatch sites was evaluated by comparing response times before and after completion of the change. The effect of PHTLS was evaluated by comparing prehospital treatment for the 3 months before initiation of the course (n = 361 trauma patients) and the 6 months after (n = 505). Results: Response time decreased from a mean of 15.5 ± 5.1 minutes, when there were two sites of dispatch, to 9.5 ± 2.7 minutes, when there were four sites. Prehospital trauma care improved after initiation of the PHTLS course. For all trauma patients, use of cervical immobilization increased from 39 to 67%. For patients in respiratory distress, there were increases in the use of oropharyngeal airways (16-39%), in the use of suction (10-38%), and in the administration of oxygen (64-87%). For hypotensive patients, there was an increase in use of largebore intravenous lines from 26 to 58%. The improved prehospital treatment did not increase the mean scene time (5.7 ± 4.4 minutes before vs. 5.9 ± 6.8 minutes after). The percent of patients transported who died in route decreased from 8.2% before the course to 4.7% after. These improvements required a minimal increase (16%) in the ambulance service budget. Conclusion: Increase in sites of dispatch and increased training in the form of the PHTLS course improved the process of prehospital care in this Latin American city and resulted in a decrease in prehospital deaths. These improvements were low cost and should be considered for use in other less developed countries.","y","Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,23,2,"Improvement pgramme in pre hospital trauma care: Training and more ambulance dispatch sites",3,"QI Programme",3,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T767,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T767,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,2,1]
["Wilson, A.; Parker, H.; Wynn, A.; Jagger, C.; Spiers, N.; Jones, J.; Parker, G.",1999,"Randomised controlled trial of effectiveness of Leicester hospital at home scheme compared with hospital care","Objective. To compare effectiveness of patient care in hospital at home scheme with hospital care. Design. Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Setting. Leicester hospital at home scheme and the city's three actute hospitals. Participants. 199 consecutive patients referred to hospital at home by their general practitioner and assessed as being suitable for admission. Six of 102 patients randomised to hospital at home refused admission, as did 23 of 97 allocated to hospital. Intervention. Hospital at home or hospital inpatient care. Main outcome measures. Mortality and change in health status (Barthel index, sickness impact profile 68, EuroQol, Philadelphia geriatric morale scale) assessed at 2 weeks and 3 months after randomisation. The main process measures were service inputs, discharge destination, readmission rates, length of initial stay, and total days of care. Results. Hospital at home group and hospital group showed no significant differences in health status (median scores on sickness impact profile 68 were 29 and 30 respectively at 2 weeks, and 24 and 26 at 3 months) or in dependency (Barthel scores 15 and 14 at 2 weeks and 16 for both groups at 3 months). At 3 months' follow up, 26 (25%) of hospital at home group had died compared with 30 (31%) of hospital group (relative risk 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.52 to 1.28)). Hospital at home group required fewer days of treatment than hospital group, both in terms of initial stay (median 8 days v 14.5 days, P = 0.026) and total days of care at 3 months (median 9 days v 16 days, P = 0.031). Conclusions. Hospital at home scheme delivered care as effectively as hospital, with no clinically important differences in health status. Hospital at home resulted in significantly shorter lengths of stay, which did not lead to a higher rate of subsequent admission.","y","British Medical Journal","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"hospital at home scheme",3,"New model of care",3,0,0,"Leicester",111,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T768,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Leicester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T768,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLeicester",3,3,1]
["Berringer, R.; Christenson, J.; Blitz, M.; Spinelli, J.; Freeman, J.; Maddess, G.; Rae, S.",1999,"Medical role of first responders in an urban prehospital setting","Background: Almost all North American cities have first responder programs. To date there is no published documentation of the roles first responders play, nor of the frequency and type of interventions they perform. Many urban stakeholders question the utility and safety of routinely dispatching large vehicles emergently to calls that may not require their services. Real world data on first responder interventions will help emergency medical services (EMS) directors and planners determine manpower requirements, assess training needs, and optimize dispatch protocols to reduce the rate of inappropriate \"code 3\" (lights and siren) responses. Objective: Our objectives were to determine how often first responders arrive first on scene, to estimate the time interval between first response and EMS response, and to examine the frequency and type of interventions performed by first responders. Methods: In a prospective observational study, trained observers were assigned to fire department first responder (FDFR) units. These observers recorded on-scene times for FDFR and EMS units, and documented the performance of first responder interventions. Results: FDFRs arrived first on scene in 49% of code 3 calls. They performed critical interventions in 18% of calls attended and 36% of calls where they arrived first. Oxygen administration was the most frequent critical intervention, yet occult hypoxemia was common and compliance with oxygen administration protocols was poor. Conclusions: First responders perform critical interventions during a minority of code 3 calls, even when \"critical\" is defined generously. Many \"lights and siren\" dispatches are unnecessary. Future research should attempt to identify dispatch criteria that more accurately predict the need for first responder intervention. First responder training and continuous quality improvement (CQI) should focus on interventions that are performed with some regularity, particularly oxygen administration.","y","Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,23,2,"first responders ",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T769,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T769,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Zold-Kilbourn, P.; Tucker, T. C.; Berry, J.",1999,"Improving substance abuse treatment for indigent clients in Detroit",null,"y","Journal of Psychoactive Drugs","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,13,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"detroit",62,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T770,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Detroit"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T770,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaDetroit",1,1,0]
["Kenzer, M.",1998,"Healthy cities: A guide to the literature","This paper reviews the literature on \"healthy cities\" and, more specifically, the attempts by city governments, international agencies, NGOs and community organizations to improve health in cities within Healthy Cities programmes or projects. Such programmes are generally initiated by city authorities, but with a recognition that to be effective, first they must mobilize integrated action from citizen groups, NGOs and private enterprises and, secondly, they must involve coordinated action between many sectors. As such, this review reflects on the achievements of Healthy Cities programmes around the world and the future challenges they face. It also seeks to give some idea of the number of Healthy Cities initiatives underway, especially in Africa, Asia and Latin America, even though there is still relatively little published literature on them.","y","Environment and Urbanization","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Literature review on health cities across the globe",0,"WHO Health city programmes",9,0,2,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T771,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T771,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Wolitski, R. J.",1999,"Community-level HIV intervention in 5 cities: Final outcome data from the CDC AIDS community demonstration projects","Objectives. This study evaluated a theory-based community-level intervention to promote progress toward consistent condom and bleach use among selected populations at increased risk for HIV infection in 5 US cities. Methods. Role-model stories were distributed, along with condoms and bleach, by community members who encouraged behavior change among injection drug users, their female sex partners, sex workers, non-gay-identified men who have sex with men, high-risk youth, and residents in areas with high sexually transmitted disease rates. Over a 3-year period, cross-sectional interviews (n=15 205) were conducted in 10 intervention and comparison community pairs. Outcomes were measured on a stage-of-change scale. Observed condom carrying and intervention exposure were also measured. Results. At the community level movement toward consistent condom use with main (P<.05) and nonmain (P<.05) partners, as well as increased condom carrying (P<.0001), was greater in intervention than in comparison communities. At the individual level, respondents recently exposed to the intervention were more likely to carry condoms and to have higher stage-of-change scores for condom and bleach use. Conclusions. The intervention led to significant communitywide progress toward consistent HIV risk reduction.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,2,1,"HIV intervention in US cities promoting safe sex and IDU",1,"national programe funding",5,0,0,"5 Cities (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T772,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T772,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Boonekamp, G. M. M.; Colomer, C.; Tomás, A.; Nuñez, A.",1999,"Healthy Cities Evaluation: The co-ordinators perspective","The Healthy Cities Project is based on the development of healthy public policies by local governments. The study aim of some project teams in different countries has been to find out what processes are involved in the development of these policies, how decisions are made, and who and what they are influenced by. The Valencian Community Healthy Cities Network conducted an evaluation process, part of which is presented in this paper. The aim was to find out the concepts and opinions of the project co-ordinators concerning the opportunities and problems for healthy municipal policies, and to analyse the municipal organization with a view to detecting structural opportunities for interdepartmental work. Interviews were conducted with the people responsible for the project in 13 cities and the relevant few documents analysed. When discussing their health concept and actions for health, few of the co-ordinators mentioned the ideas contained in the Ottawa Charter. The established health programmes were rather based on personal/individual changes and topic approach than setting-based strategies. The structural and strategic opportunities for interdepartmental work, as well as the active participation of the community in the healthy policies decision-making process need to be strengthened, as they are perceived to be insufficient. Personal relationships and political differences between actors appear to play an important role in the opportunities for the implementation of intersectoral policies.","y","Health Promotion International","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy Cites - Development of cross sectoral public health polices",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,2,"13 Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T773,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T773,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",4,3,0]
["Wolf, R. L.",1998,"Chicago asthma consortium","The Chicago Asthma Consortium is a group that oversees and attempts to improve the outcomes for the asthmatic population of the city of Chicago and is designed to respond to the perceived needs of this community. It has more than 300 members who operate through six standing committees and in its first year of operation, the Chicago Asthma Consortium has seen notable successes, such as the effecting of a change in a restrictive policy on medication use by students in the Chicago public schools. We describe here the details of the function of the Chicago Asthma Consortium and give examples of its effectiveness in dealing with this common, yet complex, disease.","y","Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,5,2,"Chicago Asthma Consortium",1,"Programmes, lobbying and policy",1,0,0,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T774,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T774,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},{"$f":"+V774&U774","v":"USAchicago"},1,1,0]
["Azubuike, M. C.; Ehiri, J. E.",1998,"Action on low immunization uptake","Immunization coverage was significantly increased in Aba, a city in eastern Nigeria, when the service was taken closer to the markets where many of the people worked. Despite a number of initiatives and campaigns over the years, immunization coverage in most parts of Nigeria remains low. That low coverage contributes to high morbidity and mortality levels among children. Poor transport, an ineffective cold chain, shortages of trained manpower, and inadequate community support and involvement are some of the factors which explain the underutilization of the immunization service. Aba is a city of approximately 500,000 people in eastern Nigeria in which the majority of inhabitants are traders. Aba's primary health care committee decided that immunization centers should be established in or near main trading areas to accommodate traders who did not want to leave their goods in order to take their children to primary care facilities for immunization. Traders' representatives helped to identify 8 suitable locations for vaccination sites in 3 shopping centers, the local authority provided financial and political support, and the state government gave technical and logistical assistance. The project began in September 1990 and was publicized through the traders' networks, which also helped to mobilize the relevant resources. Since many trading families were reached for the first time at the special centers, immunization coverage improved significantly for the 6 vaccine-preventable childhood diseases. Moreover, the project gave health workers the opportunity to deliver other services and counseling on matters of public health importance.","y","World Health Forum","Scopus","Journal Article","health",2,42,2,"Increasing immunization through community outreach programme ",3,"Programme",3,0,0,"Aba",1,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T775,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Aba"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T775,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"nigeria"},"nigeriaAba",41,6,0]
["Pyle, G. F.; Thompson, C. R.; Orešković, S.; Bagarić, I.",1998,"Rebuilding the healthcare system in Mostar: Challenge and opportunity","A basic premise of this article is that the political and ethnic division of the city of Mostar imperils community health planning efforts beyond those normally encountered in the aftermath of war. Bosnia and Herzegovina is divided among ethnic groups, and the city of Mostar is further subdivided between the Croatian and Muslim interest groups. In that respect, Mostar presents a very special challenge to those planning the reconstruction of the health care delivery infrastructure. A new healthcare delivery plan was organized by the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1996. This paper examines obstacles involved in implementing that plan in light of some epidemiological indicators of current health conditions.","y","Croatian Medical Journal","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of heatlhcare",2,40,2,"Implementing reconstruction of health care delivery infrastructure",7,"Programme and policies",1,0,2,"Mostar",140,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T776,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mostar"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T776,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"bosnia"},"bosniaMostar",13,3,0]
["Joe, G. W.; Dwayne Simpson, D.; Broome, K. M.",1998,"Effects of readiness for drug abuse treatment on client retention and assessment of process","Aims. This study examined client motivation as a predictor of retention and therapeutic engagement across the major types of treatment settings represented in the third national drug abuse treatment outcome study (DATOS) conducted in the United States. Design. Sequential admissions during 1991-93 to 37 programs provided representative samples of community-based treatment populations. Based on this naturalistic non-experimental evaluation design, hierarchical linear model (HLM) analysis for nested data was used to control for systematic variations in retention rates and client attributes among programs within modalities. Setting. The data were collected from long-term residential (LTR), outpatient methadone (OMT) and outpatient drug-free (ODF) programs located in 11 large cities. Participants. A total of 2265 clients in 18 LTR, 981 clients in 13 OMT and 1791 clients in 16 ODF programs were studied. Measurements. Pre-treatment variables included problem recognition and treatment readiness (two stages of motivation), socio-demographic indicators, drug use history and dependence, criminality, co-morbid psychiatric diagnosis and previous treatment. Retention and engagement (based on ratings of client and counselor relationships) served as outcome criteria. Findings. Pre-treatment motivation was related to retention in all three modalities, and the treatment readiness scale was the strongest predictor in LTR and OMT. Higher treatment readiness also was significantly related to early therapeutic engagement in each modality. Conclusions. Indicators of intrinsic motivation - especially readiness for treatment - were not only significant predictors of engagement and retention, but were more important than socio-demographic, drug use and other background variables. Improved assessments and planning of interventions that focus on stages of readiness for change and recovery should help improve treatment systems.","y","Addiction","Scopus","Journal Article","drug and alcohol",1,13,2,"Study looking at client readiness in line with substance misuse programme retention",1,"Research",7,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T777,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T777,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Hasan, S.; Khan, M. A.",1998,"Management of Calcutta megacity: a transition from a reactive to a proactive strategy","Until very recently urban management in Calcutta has been curative, reactive or ad hoc in nature, and the major contributor to its own problems. The holistic and proactive approach adopted, since the 1980s, by both the city government of Calcutta and the government of West Bengal have, significantly, helped to ameliorate some of these problems. The reform measures in the rural economic sector, land tenancy and rural local government systems contributed to the decline of population growth in Calcutta. The improvement in the transportation system equally has helped in keeping the people outside the Calcutta Metropolitan Area (CMA). While these measures have reduced the demand on the city services, the bustee (home of almost 35% of the CMA population) improvement programme focusing on primary health care delivery, education and skills training, as well as improvement in the environment and physical condition, has been able to bring about an overall development in the quality of life of the residents in Calcutta. The paper discusses these aspects, emphasizing the replicable lessons learned from the Calcutta experience.","y","Sustainable Development","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Study looking at approach health policy in Calcutta",0,"Research",7,0,2,"Calcutta",32,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T778,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kolkata"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T778,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"india"},"indiaKolkata",7,4,0]
["Stricof, A. L.; DiFerdinando G.T, , Jr.; Osten, W. M.; Novick, L. F.",1998,"Tuberculosis control in New York City hospitals","Objectives: To assess the implementation of tuberculosis (TB) control measures in New York City hospitals in 1992 and determine trends during the subsequent 2 years. Methods: The 22 acute care facilities with the largest number of hospitalized TB patients in 1991 were selected for inclusion in the study. Medical and laboratory records of the 10 most recent acid fast bacilli (AFB) smear-positive patients in each of the selected facilities in 1992, 1993, and 1994 were reviewed by using a standardized questionnaire to determine risk factors for TB, previous history of TB, clinical signs and symptoms, AFB laboratory turnaround times, emergency department contact, timing of isolation, timing of treatment, case reporting, and status on discharge. The patients' rooms were evaluated for TB environmental control measures if the patient was still on respiratory isolation precautions. Results: More than one third of patients were admitted with a previous history of TB, 31% were admitted with a cavitary lesion on chest x-ray examination, and 48% were known to have HIV infection. Eighty-five percent were admitted from the emergency department where they stayed for up to 116 hours (mean stay: 17 hours). The proportion of patients placed in AFB isolation on admission to the floor increased from 75% in 1992 to 84% in 1994. The proportion of patients given a minimum of four anti-TB drugs increased from 88% in 1992 to 94% in 1994. Patients 'on isolation' were sharing rooms with up to nine other patients in 1992, whereas no patients were sharing rooms in the 1994 survey. In 1992, 51% of the rooms were under negative air flow with respect to the corridor. During the 1994 survey, 80% of rooms were under negative air flow. Between 1992 and 1994, the proportion of AFB isolation rooms with dust/mist respirators increased from 28% to 76% (p < 0.00001). Approximately 25% of discharged patients left against medical advice (no trend over time). The proportion of medically discharged patients with three negative AFB smears before discharge increased from 26% to 48% (p = 0.03) and the proportion referred for directly observed therapy increased from 15% to 53% (p = 0.00001). Conclusion: TB control efforts in New York City hospitals improved dramatically between 1992 and 1994. The ultimate control of TB will continue to depend on the coordinated efforts within and between health care facilities, providers, and the community.","y","American Journal of Infection Control","Scopus","Journal Article","TB",2,34,1,"TB control measures in hospitals",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"New york city",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T779,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T779,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Sweeney, T. A.; Runge, J. W.; Gibbs, M. A.; Raymond, J. M.; Schafermeyer, R. W.; Norton, H. J.; Boyle-Whitesel, M. J.",1998,"EMT defibrillation does not increase survival from sudden cardiac death in a two-tiered urban-suburban EMS system","Objective: The use of automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) by EMS initial responders is widely advocated. Evidence supporting the use of AEDs is based largely on the experience of one metropolitan area, with effect on survival in many systems not yet proved. We conducted this study to determine whether the addition of AEDs to an EMS system with a response time of 4 minutes for first-responder emergency medical technicians (FREMTs) and 10 minutes for paramedics would affect survival from cardiac arrest. Methods: This prospective, controlled, crossover study (AED versus no AED) of consecutive cardiac arrests managed by 24 FREMT fire companies took place from 1992 to 1995 in Charlotte, North Carolina, a city of 455,000. Patients were stratified using the Utstein criteria. The primary endpoint was survival to hospital discharge among patients with bystander-witnessed arrests of cardiac origin. Results: Of the 627 patients, 243 were bystander-witnessed arrests of cardiac origin. Survival to hospital discharge was accomplished in 5 of 110 patients (4.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6% to 8.4%) with AED compared with 7 of 133 (5.3%, 95% CI 1.5% to 9.1%) without AED (P=-.8). Both groups were comparable with regard to age, gender, history of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure or diabetes, arrest at home, bystander CPR, and whether or not ventricular fibrillation (VF) was the initial rhythm. For arrests of any cause, witnessed by bystanders or EMS personnel, with an initial rhythm of VF or ventricular tachycardia (VT), 5 of 77 (6.5%, 95% CI 1.0% to 12.0%) with AED survived compared with 8 of 105 patients (7.6%, 95% CI 2.5% to 12.7%) without AED (P=.8). Statistically significant differences were noted in race and EMS response times between the two groups, which did not affect survival. Conclusion: Addition of AEDs to this EMS system did not improve survival from sudden cardiac death. The data do not support routinely equipping initial responders with AEDs as an isolated enhancement, and raise further doubt about such expenditures in similar EMS systems without first optimizing bystander CPR and EMS dispatching.","y","Annals of Emergency Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,18,2,"AEDs by first responders",3,"investment in AED around the city",3,0,0,"Charlotte",46,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T780,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Charlotte"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T780,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCharlotte",1,1,3]
["Beck, J. K.; Dries, T. J.; Charlene Cook, E.",1998,"Development of an interdisciplinary, telephone-based care program","An interdisciplinary, telephone-based care program at a Veterans Affairs medical center (VAMC) is described. Patients telephoning the Oklahoma City VAMC complained that they were transferred multiple times and that they had difficulty contacting their provider between scheduled visits. Some went to the walk-in urgent care clinic with nonurgent problems. The average waiting time in the clinic exceeded three hours. An interdisciplinary, telephone- based care program was begun in 1995 to allow efficient problem resolution over the telephone; provide clinical consultations, interventions, and referrals as necessary; and reduce use of the urgent care clinic for nonurgent problems. A team consisting of a patient service representative, a pharmacists, and a nurse was established to handle calls. Policies and procedures were designed to respond appropriately to patient's problems and document the telephone 'visits.' The pharmacists was given practice privileges, including prescribing authority. A questionnaire indicated patient satisfaction with the new service. Mean waiting times in the urgent care clinic were reduced to less than two hours, and an estimated annual net cost avoidance of $677,671 was achieved by the program's averting unnecessary visits to the urgent care clinic. An interdisciplinary, telephone-based care program at the VAMC successfully responded to patient's concerns, improved their access to care, and conserved urgent care resources.","y","American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"Telephone based health service for veterans",4,"Programme",0,0,0,"Oklahoma city",156,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T781,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Oklahoma"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T781,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaOklahoma",1,1,0]
["Craddock, S.",1998,"Tuberculosis, tenements and the epistemology of neglect: San Francisco in the nineteenth century","In producing a localized history, the question is raised of how unique San Francisco as a western city was in its response to a disease that plagued the east coast and elsewhere well before San Francisco even existed. Did the rhetoric of salubrity make San Francisco different in its responses to consumption and sanitation problems? This question will be addressed at greater length, but the answer in brief is both yes and no. In many ways San Francisco was not different from any other US or western European city, because it was eventually characterized by the same conditions of crowding and squalor that fostered the spread of tuberculosis in all urban areas. Whether in Paris, London, Boston or New York, sewers and other sanitation problems were largely the focus of public health authorities during the middle and last decades of the century, and in this San Francisco was no exception. A difference seems to show, however, in the degree to which the structural problems of the city, and more specifically of poverty, were effectively addressed. Many cities, London, Paris, Manchester and New York among them, focused attention by the mid-nineteenth century on the growing problems of poverty, and implemented measures such as slum clearance and housing reform to reduce its impact. San Francisco showed few serious efforts in this direction, but it is difficult to say whether this was because of a struggle with its image, or because it had simply not had as long a history of urbanism and its concomitant problems as had east coast and European cities.","y","Ecumene","Scopus","Journal Article","TB",1,34,1,"Study looking at TB and housing policies in 19th century San Francisco",2,"Historical study looking at TB and housing policy",1,0,0,"San Francisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T782,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T782,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,1,0]
["Tabibzadeh, I.; Liisberg, E.",1997,"Response of health systems to urbanization in developing countries","Equity in access to health care is now accepted as a basic ethical principle for health development. The glaring inequalities in health suffered by poor people living in slums are a strong justification for urgent action. The problem is rapidly increasing. With the industrial revolution, peasants began moving into towns in industrializing countries, beginning a slow, but steady process of urbanization. At the beginning of the 19th century, just 3% of the world's population lived in towns. However, after the Second World War, large numbers of people migrated to urban areas at rapid rates, especially in the newly independent and Latin American countries. By 2015, approximately 20% of the urban population in developing countries will be living in 27 megacities and an additional 28% will be living in approximately 700 cities with populations larger than 500,000. Weak administrative structures and limited resources will be the norm in many of these cities as populations grow rapidly and uncontrolled. In the shantytowns of developing countries, health hazards are associated with the prevailing poverty, lack of water and sanitation, and substandard housing; changes in living conditions and lifestyles; chronic diseases related to modernization; lung diseases; accidents; mental and psychosomatic disorders; and social instability, cultural and social alienation, and the social and mental ill-effects of degrading living conditions and extreme crowding. While urban health care absorbs the bulk of most national health budgets, up to 85% of those funds are spent on curative services delivered through large specialist hospitals located in the cities. Many people in the surrounding shantytowns and slums have no access to cities' services or do not use them because they do not respond to their needs. The health services which are available tend to be poorly managed. Political will can, however, lead to improved urban health.","y","World Health Forum","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,3,2,"Study looking at health inequalities and equity of access",0,"Research",7,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T783,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T783,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Welshman, J.",1997,"'Bringing beauty and brightness to the back streets': Health education and public health in England and Wales, 1890-1940","This paper examines the place of health education in public health in England .and Wales between 1890 and 1940. It traces the way that local authorities developed health education for mothers, schoolchildren, and those suffering from tuberculosis and venereal disease, considers the establishment of the Central Council for Health Education in 1927 and the content of its journal, Better Health, and provides a ease study of health education in one city, Leicester. The paper notes an important transition in health education in the mid-1930s, but concludes that overall the work of the Ministry of Health, local authorities, and voluntary organisations in this area was motivated more by anxieties about morality and citizenship than a genuine concern with health and disease. It suggests that in the period 1890-1940, as today, delays and advances in medical expertise, ideas about the relationship between the individual and the state, and wider concepts of morality and citizenship all had an important impact on the changing content and role of health education.","y","Health Education Journal","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Study looking at health education in 19th century and early 20th century",1,"research",7,0,0,"Leicester",111,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T784,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Leicester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T784,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLeicester",15,3,0]
["Van Wechem, S. N.; Van Assema, P.; Brug, J.; Kistemaker, C.; Riedstra, M.; Hardeman, W.; Löwik, M. R. H.",1997,"Results of a community-based campaign to reduce fat intake","In 1992, a community-based 'Fat Watch' campaign was held in the city of Alkmaar in the Netherlands. The campaign was implemented within the framework of the nationwide mass-mediated 'Fat Watch' campaign (1991-1994), which aimed at a 10% reduction in fat intake among the general Dutch population. The intervention was carried out as a pilot project to study the effectiveness of strategies and activities, and to apply them subsequently in more cities. The campaign aimed primarily at the active involvement of intermediaries. Effects of the campaign were studied by telephone questionnaires among about 500 respondents, before and after the campaign in both the experimental and a control community. The questionnaire was based on the 'attitude, social influence, self-efficacy' (ASE) model. The results showed that 56% of the respondents were aware of a campaign in their community and that the campaign was positively evaluated by those familiar with it. After the campaign, self-rated fat consumption was significantly higher. No differences between the experimental and control community were found regarding attitude, social influence or self-efficacy expectations towards a reduction in fat consumption or intention to buy low-fat food products. However, as opposed to the control community, there was a significant decrease in actual fat consumption between pre- and post-test in Alkmaar. Furthermore, after the campaign, significantly more respondents in the experimental community intended to eat lower-fat food products and reported a behavioral change in the last six months. It was concluded that the campaign was quite successful as far as campaign awareness was concerned, but that it did not result in substantial change of behavior. The limited decrease in fat consumption observed should be interpreted with care.","y","Nutrition and Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,1,2,"Obesity education",1,"Evaluation of intervention",5,0,2,"Alkmaar",3,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T785,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Alkmaar"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T785,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsAlkmaar",30,3,1]
["Hurley, S. F.; Jolley, D. J.; Kaldor, J. M.",1997,"Effectiveness of needle-exchange programmes for prevention of HIV infection","Background: Needle-exchange programmes (NEPs) are potentially a key strategy for containing the spread of HIV infection among injecting drug users, but their implementation has been limited by uncertainty about their effectiveness. We used an ecological study design to compare changes over time in HIV seroprevalence in injecting drug users worldwide, for cities with and without NEPs. Methods: Published reports of HIV seroprevalence in injecting drug users were identified, and unpublished information on HIV seroprevalence for injecting drug users entering drug treatment in the USA between 1988 and 1993 was obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Details of the implementation of NEPs were obtained from published reports and experts. For each of the 81 cities with HIV seroprevalence data from more than 1 year and NEP implementation details, the rate of change of seroprevalence was estimated by regression analysis. The average difference in this rate for cities with and without NEPs was calculated. Findings: On average, seroprevalence increased by 5.9% per year in the 52 cities without NEPs, and decreased by 5.8% per year in the 29 cities with NEPs. The average annual change in seroprevalence was 11% lower in cities with NEPs (95% CI -17.6 to -3.9, p = 0.004). Interpretation: A plausible explanation for this difference is that NEPs led to a reduction in HIV incidence among injecting drug users. Despite the possibility of confounding, our results, together with the clear theoretical mechanisms by which NEPs could reduce HIV incidence, strongly support the view that NEPs are effective.","y","Lancet","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,2,1,"Evaluating the efficacy of needle exchange programmes",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Worldwide",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T786,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T786,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,8,1]
["not stated",1997,"Needle-exchange bill passes California senate by one vote","California's Senate approved legislation authorizing experimental needle-exchange programs in four cities: San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Jose, and Long Beach. Officials in these cities will decide whether their city will participate. The proposed legislation cited several studies showing that HIV transmission rates declined in cities that have such programs. The project is seen as critical because changing patterns of injection-drug use indicate that cocaine is replacing heroin as the injection-drug user's drug of choice. Cocaine users inject more frequently than heroin users, increasing the risk of HIV infection.","y","AIDS policy & law","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,2,1,"Needle exchange programmes",2,"Needle exchange programme",4,0,2,"San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Jose, and Long Beach",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T787,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T787,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Giuliani, R.",1996,"The role of government in combatting urban health problems",null,"y","Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine: Journal of Urban Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"the role of government in addressing health",0,"not stated",1,0,2,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T788,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T788,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Pulley, L.; McAlister, A. L.; Kay, L. S.; O'Reilly, K.",1996,"Prevention campaigns for hard-to-reach populations at risk for hiv infection: Theory and implementation","Using applied behavioral science techniques that have been successful in other areas of health promotion, community-level campaigns were implemented in 5 cities to prevent HIV infection among hard-to-reach, at-risk populations: men who have sex with men but do not self-identify as gay; women who engage in sex for money or drugs; injecting drug users (IDUs); female sex partners of IDUs; and youth in high-risk situations. Communication materials presented positive role models for risk-reducing behaviors, and peer networks prompted and reinforced the behavior change process. This article describes the first year of intervention experience and documents the practical application of theoretical concepts of persuasion and learning. The use of theory and data to develop 188 educational messages is illustrated and training methods and experiences are reported for 150 peer leaders, 104 other community networkers, and 22 outreach workers. These activities are feasible and appear to offer an effective, general approach for diverse, special populations. © 1996 by SOPHE.","y","Health Education and Behavior","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,2,1,"Review of community level health promotion interventions using behavioral change techniques",1,"Community level interventions using behavioral change techniques",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T789,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T789,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Hornbrook, M. C.",1996,"Improving care and constraining costs: evaluating New York City's cluster care demonstration",null,"y","Health services research","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"improving quality of healthcare",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T790,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T790,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Stephens, C.",1996,"Healthy cities or unhealthy islands? The health and social implications of urban inequality","This paper suggests that governments and international agencies must address the large and often growing levels of inequality within most cities if health is to be improved and poverty reduced. It describes the social and health implications of inequalities within cities and discusses why descriptions of the physical symptoms of poverty (and their health implications) are more common than analyses of the structural systems which produce and perpetuate poverty. It also describes the health problems from which low-income groups in urban areas suffer more than richer groups including those that are not linked to poor sanitary conditions and those that are more linked to relative poverty (and thus the level of inequality) than to absolute poverty.","y","Environment and Urbanization","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,3,2,"Study looking at health inequalities in urban areas",0,"Study looking at health inequalities in urban areas",0,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T791,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T791,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Goldstein, G.; Kickbusch, I.",1996,"WHO Healthy Cities Programme","This article identifies some urban health challenges and discusses World Health Organization (WHO) concepts of public health, a Municipal Health Plan, and the WHO Healthy Cities Program (HCP). A healthy city is defined as one that continually creates and improves the physical and social environment and expands community resources for enabling the mutual support among population groups for living. Urbanization is advancing rapidly, but government resources are not keeping pace with people's needs. By 1990, at least 600 million urban people in developing countries faced life and health threats. There is poverty, inadequate food and shelter, insecure tenure, physical crowding, poor waste disposal, unsafe working conditions, inadequate local government services, overuse of harmful substances, and environmental pollution. Poor people in cities frequently must satisfy all their basic needs in health, welfare, and employment. There is exposure to early sexual activity of adolescents, transient relationships, high levels of prostitution, and limited birth control. Unsustainable use of natural resources and environmental destruction pose threats to urban productivity and restrict future development options. The WHO launched a \"Health for All\" campaign in 1978, based on 4 basic principles. The HCP, which is based on these principles, has expanded to many cities. It measures the health burden and makes health issues relevant and understandable to local agencies through analysis and policy advocacy. The Municipal Health Plan facilitates awareness of environmental and health problems in schools, work and marketplaces, health services, and among other organizations.","y","Urbanisation and health newsletter","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy Cities Programme",0,"WHO Healthy Cities Programme",9,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T792,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T792,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,8,0]
["Buchanan, ; Elliott, L.; Duhl, L. J.",1995,"Review article Healthy cities: Controlling the costs of health care","While it is true that health care costs are straining personal and governmental budgets, it does appear to be a manageable problem. There are tools available to moderate costs, efforts are already underway to control costs by modifying the financing of health care. Whether or not these will be effective remains to be seen. There also are efforts to control costs by modifying unhealthy habits. These efforts are showing notable success. Moreover, there are efforts underway to reduce health care costs by altering the overall context of people's lives. This latter effort-to improve the health of whole communities-holds the greatest promise. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","y","Health Care Analysis","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Healthy cities",0,"Community health approach, increase health behaviors and re structure finance of health",1,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T793,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T793,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["not stated",1995,"Are the Twin Cities a Stage V marketplace?","The Twin Cities continues to be an outstanding laboratory for discovering what could be the future in many other markets. Over the last year or two it has been the site of massive consolidation among hospitals, physicians and health plans. Even as the entire infrastructure for healthcare financing and delivery has changed, the state has turned in a good performance in comparison with national cost averages. It is hard to beat premium levels that are 25%-35% lower than national benchmarks. And, these have been achieved by the marketplace, not by government. Nevertheless, employers aren't completely satisfied and the sources of discontent are very instructive. The natural course of market change throughout the country is consolidation from many fragmented competing groups down to a handful of large integrated systems. From an employer/consumer perspective, this natural evolution will reduce competition, concentrate power, eliminate choice, weaken the employer's negotiating leverage, discourage innovation, and reduce the responsiveness and sensitivity to customer service needs. Strategies have to be devised by those engaged in integrated health systems development to counter the perception that consolidation is only an attempt to grab market share. True integration should produce demonstrable improvements in the quality, coordination and delivery of care. But, the trick is understanding the employer and consumer perspective on \"improvements\". The financing and delivery of healthcare has literally been hidden inside a \"black box\" for as far back as anyone can remember.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","y","Integrated healthcare report","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"Study looking at integration, finance and delivery of health care",3,"Integration",1,1,2,"Twin cities",220,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T794,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Minneapolis"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T794,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaMinneapolis",1,1,0]
["Cawston, P.; McEwen, J.",1994,"Three-year Follow-up survey of smokers who attended'Good Hearted Glasgow' screening sessions","Objective: To investigate recall of advice and changes in lifestyle amongst smokers whoattended 'Good Hearted Glasgow' screening sessions over three years ago. Design: Follow-up survey based on a postal questionnaire. Answers were compared with the information obtained by 'Good Hearted Glasgow' at the time of the screening session. Setting: Two general practices in Glasgow. Subjects: 266 smokers who had attended screening sessions at the two practices overthree years ago. Main outcome measures: Recall of the advice given; changes which the participants have made in relevant aspects of their lifestyle (smoking, alcohol intake, fat intake, weight loss) since the event; how helpful the participants perceived the advice given at the time to have been in encouraging smoking cessation. Results: the response rate was 53% (60% female, 42% male). In total, 94% recalledbeing advised to stop smoking, 77% have attempted to stop smoking and 11% have stopped smoking. Amongst those in the sample who were heavy drinkers at the time, 75% recall being advised to reduce their intake, 56% have attempted to do so and 36% have successfully done so. Amongst those with a raised blood cholesterol concentration, 52% recall it as being high, 68% recalled being advised to reduce their fat intake, 83% have attempted to do so and 53% claim to be on a low fat diet. Of those who were overweight, 68% recalled being advised to lose weight, 77% have attempted to do so and 36% have succeeded in doing so. Conclusions: A high proportion of smokers who attended 'Good Hearted Glasgow'screening sessions have attempted to stop smoking three years on but only a small proportion have successfully done so. This compares unfavourably with claimed changes in alcohol intake, fat intake and weight loss. © 1994 The Society of Public Health.","y","Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"Smoking cessation/ health behaviors intervention",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Glasgow",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T795,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T795,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",50,3,3]
["Goldman, H. H.; Morrissey, J. P.; Ridgely, M. S.",1994,"Evaluating the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation program on chronic mental illness","Community-based services for mentally ill individuals have developed in a fragmented and uncoordinated manner over the last 30 years. In response, the RWJF initiated a five-year demonstration in nine cities: the Program on Chronic Mental Illness (CMI). The project's background is described, as are its accomplishments and limitations. One outcome of sponsorship by the RWJF and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development was to assure the problem of CMI a place in the public policy agenda. Despite specific improvements in quality of life for individuals with CMI, however, there was no general improvement for this population. The program thus demonstrated that structural changes alone are insufficient; quality of care must be attended to as well. Despite its drawbacks, the project revealed that interventions can be implemented with positive results.","y","The Milbank quarterly","Scopus","Journal Article","Quality of healthcare",2,25,2,"Community-based services for mentally ill",3,"RWJ",8,1,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T796,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T796,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["not stated",1993,"Approaches to improving adherence to antituberculosis therapy--South Carolina and New York, 1986-1991","Patients with tuberculosis (TB) who fail to complete a standard course of antituberculosis (anti-TB) therapy are at increased risk for treatment failure and may play a role in both the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and further spread of TB. During 1986-1991, the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control and the New York City Department of Health (NYCDH) attempted to improve patient adherence to anti-TB therapy by employing a combination of strategies that included incentives, directly observed therapy (DOT) (i.e., health-care worker observation of the patient ingesting each dose of medication), court-ordered DOT, and commitment for inpatient management. This report describes the experiences of selected strategies in South Carolina and New York City and provides recommendations for improving patient adherence to anti-TB therapy.","y","MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","Scopus","Journal Article","TB",2,34,1,"Improving adherence to anti TB medication through DOT and other mechanisms",1,"DOMHH",5,0,0,"South Carolina and NYC ",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T797,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T797,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["De Wind, C. M.",1992,"A tale of one city","A report from Kampala, Uganda, compares the situation in 1991 to the state of chaos 10 years earlier when the regime of Idi Amin had been overthrown by Milton Obote's soldiers with the help of Tanzanian troops. Soldiers went on looting sprees, and 1 victim of their marauding became a 12-year old boy who got shot for refusing to part with his bike. In contrast, in 1991 things were much more peaceful; however, the AIDS epidemic was the new threat. The government radio transmits hourly warnings on HIV. Since President Museveni came to power, economy and security have improved radically. Shops and markets are open until late at night; public transport is reliable, and small scale industry flourished. There would be optimism about the future, if AIDS was not here. There is no doubt that the economy will soon be affected. According to the Kampala blood bank, 40% of the healthy population is already seropositive. In the hospitals the majority of admissions suffer from AIDS with diarrhea and an itching dermatitis; there is more cancer of the cervix and lymphoma; appendicitis is on the increase; and tuberculous lymph nodes are now quite common. Many of these patients have clinical AIDS. The government is frank about the situation and is active in preventive measures and education. Private charities and foreign aid organizations contribute. But the epidemic is so overwhelming, that some Western organizations might soon lose interest owning to meager returns on their efforts. A 6-year-old boy has grossly swollen lymph nodes around his neck, both parotids are painfully swollen, pus pours from the ears. A nonspecific cough and mild diarrhea are also present with an itching and sore herpes zoster on his left chest. the mother is frightened of losing him, and demurs at the hint of AIDS, since for her, AIDS means sexual promiscuity.","y","BMJ (Clinical research ed.)","Scopus","Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,"Report about HIV/AID epidemic in Kampala Uganda in 1991",0,"Not stated",0,0,0,"Kampala",106,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T798,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kampala"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T798,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"uganda"},"ugandaKampala",59,6,0]
["Kelly, J. A.; St. Lawrence, J. S.; Stevenson, L. Y.; Hauth, A. C.; Kalichman, S. C.; Diaz, Y. E.; Brasfield, T. L.; Koob, J. J.; Morgan, M. G.",1992,"Community AIDS/HIV risk reduction: The effects of endorsements by popular people in three cities","Objectives. It is critical to extend community-level acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention efforts beyond education alone and to develop models that better encourage behavioral changes. Gay men in small cities are vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection due to continued high rates of risk behavior. This research introduced an intervention that trained popular people to serve as behavioral change endorsers to peers sequentially across three different cities. Methods. Populationwide surveys were conducted of all men patronizing gay clubs in each city to establish risk behavior base rates. After a small cadre of popular 'trendsetters' were identified, they received training in approaches for peer education and then contracted to communicate risk reduction recommendations and endorsements to friends. Surveys were repeated at regular intervals in all cities, with the same intervention introduced in lagged fashion across each community. Results. Intervention consistently produced systematic reductions in the population's high-risk behavior (unprotected anal intercourse) of 15% to 29% from baseline levels, with the same pattern of effects sequentially replicated in all three cities. Conclusions. This constitutes the first controlled, multiple-city test of an HIV prevention model targeting communities. The results support the utility of norm-changing approaches to reduce HIV risk behavior.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,"Community focused intervention to prevent risky behavior",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T799,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T799,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,1]
["Flynn, B. C.",1992,"Healthy cities: A model of community change",null,"y","Family and Community Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T800,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T800,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Demarin, V.; Rundek, T.; Tomljanović, B.; Carillo-Pintos, J.; Masso-Estrade, J.",1991,"Prevention of stroke--a report from collaboration project between Zagreb and Barcelona","Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the main killer in the modern society and the most frequent cause of death and disability. According to the experiences of highly developed Western countries, especially of the U.S.A., the incidence of stroke can be reduced by the development and introduction of preventive actions and change of life style. Incidence of cerebrovascular disease is high in Croatia as well as in Spain (46% in the 46-59 age range) with an increasing tendency in younger population. As prevention is the only way of CVD incidence reduction, it is indispensable to organize an integral preventive neurologic network. Within the W.H.O. project \"Health for All by the Year 2000 and the project \"Zagreb\"--Healthy City\" a preventive action under the slogan 'With perfect brain and veins--enjoy the healthy days', has been organized with the aim to reduce the incidence of stroke for 20% during the following 10-year period. A standardized work of preventive network in Zagreb has also been established in Barcelona as a joint work. Using the interdisciplinary counselling approach, medical teams are still making examinations. In Zagreb Center for Neurological Sciences and Brain Research, data of risk factor distributions and trends of stroke incidence changes have been collected and the results have been analyzed. The Zagreb Center has also become a center for continuous evaluation and further planning. In this article functions of preventive centers, the preventive standardized protocol and structural and functional preventive network are introduced. The results of preventive action in Zagreb are also briefly presented.","y","Neurologia Croatica","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,26,2,"Stroke and CVD prevention",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Zagreb & Barcelona",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T801,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T801,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,3,0]
["Kelly, J. A.; St. Lawrence, J. S.; Diaz, Y. E.; Stevenson, L. Y.; Hauth, A. C.; Brasfield, T. L.; Kalichman, S. C.; Smith, J. E.; Andrew, M. E.",1991,"HIV risk behavior reduction following intervention with key opinion leaders of population: An experimental analysis","Background and Purpose. Peer norms influence the adoption of behavior changes to reduce risk for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. By experimentally intervening at a community level to modify risk behavior norms, it may be possible to promote generalized reductions in HIV risk practices within a population. Methods. We trained persons reliably identified as popular opinion leaders among gay men in a small city to serve as behavior change endorsers to their peers. The opinion leaders acquired social skills for making these endorsements and complied in talking frequently with friends and acquaintances. Before and after intervention, we conducted surveys of men patronizing gay clubs in the intervention city and in two matched comparison cities. Results. In the intervention city, the proportion of men who engaged in any unprotected anal intercourse in a two-month period decreased from 36.9 percent to 27.5 percent (-25 percent from baseline), with a reduction from 27.1 percent to 19.0 percent (-30 percent from baseline) for unprotected receptive anal intercourse. Relative to baseline levels, there was a 16 percent increase in condom use during anal intercourse and an 18 percent decrease in the proportion of men with more than one sexual partner. Little or no change was observed among men in the comparison cities over the same period of time. Conclusions. Interventions that employ peer leaders to endorse change may produce or accelerate population behavior changes to lessen risk for HIV infection.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,2,1,"Community intervention through training peer leaders to modify HIV risk behaviour; comparision with 2 control cities",1,"Training of popular opinion leaders to serve as behaviour change endorsors. Pre- and Post intervention surveys. 2 comparision control cities",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T802,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T802,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,1]
["Barber-Madden, R.",1990,"Design and implementation of a crtywide breastfeeding promotion program: The New York city approach",null,"y","Family and Community Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,14,2,"breastfeeding promotion program",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T803,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T803,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Pierce, J. P.; Macaskill, P.; Hill, D.",1990,"Long-term effectiveness of mass media led antismoking campaigns in Australia","A community antismoking campaign began in Sydney, Australia in 1983, and in Melbourne in 1984. These campaigns purchased prime-time television advertising spots to set the community agenda. An intense effort was made to ensure that antismoking activities were maximized at the school, organizational, and community level. Smoking prevalences in both cities from 1981 were fitted with a statistical model to identify any underlying trend, to assess any immediate impact, and to assess the longer term effect of continuing to conduct such campaigns, i.e. to identify any change in the underlying trend. During the years before the antismoking campaigns, there was no observable trend in smoking prevalence in either city. At the beginning of the campaigns, there was an immediate drop of more than two percentage points in male and female smoking prevalence in both cities. Thereafter, a decline of about 1.5 percentage points per year was observed among males. No post campaign trend was observed in smoking prevalence for women in either city. These data support conducting coordinated community campaigns to reduce current smoking prevalence.","y","American Journal of Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,7,2,"mass media anti-smoking campaigns",1,"Anti-smoking advertising, community, school and organisational activities. Monitoing of smoking prevalence",0,0,0,"Melbourne and Sydney",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T804,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T804,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",9,5,1]
["Ross, M. W.; Freedman, B.; Brew, R.",1989,"Changes in sexual behaviour between 1986 and 1988 in matched samples of homosexually active men","Matched samples of homosexually active men were obtained using identical sampling methods in a city of one million people in 1986 and 1988. Data indicated that reported sexual behaviours had significantly changed in the direction of safer sex, particularly oral sex without ejaculation, anal sex with a condom (both insertive and receptive), which increased in frequency, and analingual and digitoanal receptive practices, wet kissing, and anal receptive intercourse generally, which decreased. Reported sources of education for both samples were primarily gay media and gay organisations. These data, with some caveats concerning design and comparability of samples, suggest that behavioural change in the appropriate direction has occurred in homosexually active men, and that gay organisations and media have been perceived as the most common source of information on safer sex in this population.","y","Community Health Studies","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,47,2,"Assessing behaviour change in terms of sexual practice from 1986 to 1988 and sources of education re: safe sex",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T805,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T805,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,1]
["Casswell, S.; Gilmore, L.",1989,"An evaluated community action project on alcohol","This article reports outcomes of an evaluated community action program directed toward alcohol problem prevention. In a quasi-experimental design, change was monitored in six cities - two cities with an alcohol-focused community organizer and media campaign, two cities with the media campaign only and two reference cities. The community organizers worked with a local alcohol coordinating committee and other local organizations. They focused on alcohol availability (including the promotion of nonalcoholic beverages), advertising and, to a lesser extent, pricing policies. The media campaign focused on reducing the large-quantity drinking of young men, and generated considerable controversy. Before and after surveys of the general population were carried out to evaluate the outcome of the project. Support for control policies on advertising, availability and price held steady in the treatment communities but dropped in the reference communities. The perception of alcohol being essential to entertaining and as being relatively innocuous decreased significantly in the community-action cities. The project thus appears to have met its objectives in these areas, although primarily by stemming the national trend toward greater support for liberalization.","y","Journal of Studies on Alcohol","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,13,2,"evaluate success of two types intervention for alcohol prevention- media campaign or media campaign plus community organiser campaign, against reference cities",1,"media campaign or media campaign (2 citiea) plus community organiser campaign (2 cities), against reference cities (2 cities). Montoring of change through before and after surveys for general population",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T806,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T806,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Liappas, J. A.; Jenner, F. A.; Vlissides, D. N.; Vicente, B.",1987,"Thoughts on the Sheffield non-prescribing programme for narcotic users","The attitudes of professinal workers, of drug addicts and ex-addicts in Sheffield to a city-wide non-prescribing policy is reported. In addition, opinions on related subjects are expressed with some details of the users. Professional workers strongly support the programme but drug users, and even successfully treated ex-users, question our justification of limiting people's rights to take drugs. However, the policy and probation services feel we have stimulated those same people to take more positive approaches to their problems, and no great increases in crime or deaths or medical problems have followed the changes we have made.","y","British Journal of Addiction","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,13,2,"non-prescribing policy for narcotics",2,"Methods not stated. ",1,0,0,"Sheffield ",193,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T807,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sheffield"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T807,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandSheffield",3,3,0]
["Pierce, J. P.; Dwyer, T.; Frape, G.; Chapman, S.; Chamberlain, A.; Burke, N.",1986,"Evaluation of the Sydney 'Quit. For Life' anti-smoking campaign. Part 1. Achievement of intermediate goals","The 'Quit. For Life' campaign was a media-based programme that was aimed at reducing the prevalence of smoking in Sydney. The programme committee set four imtermediate goals which it felt had to be met for such a change in prevalence to occur. From households selected at random in Sydney and Melbourne, 5713 people were interviewed to assess whether the campaign attained these goals. The television commercials that were designed for the campaign, their frequency annd the timing of their screening produced a higher recall of the commercial's message and the use of campaign back-up services than were specified originally in the goals. During the campaign there was a progressive increase in the number of smokers in Sydney who reported that they were likely to quit; this was significantly different from Melbourne data by the end of the campaign and thus fulfilled another campaign goal. However, shortly after the campaign ended, the proportion of smokers who intended to quit smoking was the same in the two cities. A cohort study of 949 people from the baseline study showed that, during the 12-monthly period of follow-up, 66% of Sydney smokers tried to stop or to reduce their smoking. In the control city, Melbourne, 60% of smokers reported making such attempts. Of the original smokers, 23% in Sydney and 9% in Melbourne quit during the follow-up period - a statistically significant difference. As well, 10% of the original ex-smokers in Sydney and 11% in Melbourne relapsed, while 4% of non-smokers in both cities began smoking by the end of the second survey.","y","Medical Journal of Australia","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,7,2,"Quit for Life' anti-smoking media campaign ",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Sydney",210,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T808,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"sydney"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T808,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},"Australiasydney",9,5,1]
["Blotner, R.; Lilly, L.",1986,"'SPECDA' - A comprehensive approach to the delivery of substance abuse prevention services in the New York City school system","SPECDA (School Program to Educate and Control Drug Abuse) is a comprehensive substance abuse prevention program which links drug counselors and police officers in teams to provide drug education. The program was developed by the New York City Board of Education in partnership with the New York City Police Department. SPECDA is based on the social influence model of prevention. Drug counselors and police officers serve as strong role models to assist children in developing the skills necessary to resist drug involvement. The program was evaluated by John Jay College in New York City. Results indicated significant positive changes in children's knowledge about drugs, attitudes toward drugs, and attitudes toward police officers and drug counselors. Further, the new program was viewed favorably by school administrators, teachers, and children.","y","Journal of Drug Education","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,13,2,"Drug abuse prevention programme linking drug counsellorsand police. Devleoped by board of education with police department. Social influence model of prevention",1,"not stated",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T809,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T809,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Elder, J. P.; McGraw, S. A.; Abrams, D. B.; Ferreira, A.; Lasater, T. M.; Longpre, H.; Peterson, G. S.; Schwertfeger, R.; Carleton, R. A.",1986,"Organizational and community approaches to community-wide prevention of heart disease: The first two years of the pawtucket heart health program","The Pawtucket Heart Health program (PHHP) is a federally funded research and demonstration project for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a community. This article presents a discussion of the first 26 months of this intervention, divided into its three phases. PHHP staff initially approached the intervention city through local organizations to accomplish risk-factor behavior change in the population. After 11 months, PHHP complemented its programs in organizations with activities open to all city residents, in order to accelerate participation by the population. Seven months into this phase, it was decided that community activities should be the major focus of the intervention approach to assure a level of participation adequate to make a measurable impact. The third phase has shown the greatest percentage of public participation, demonstrating the complementary nature of organization and community interventions and of the translation of social learning theory into principles for primary prevention in a community. © 1986.","y","Preventive Medicine","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,26,2,"Pawtucket Heart Health programme- activities to accomplish CHD risk factor behaviour change e.g. community activities",0,"federally funded programme",8,0,0,"Pawtucket",166,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T810,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Pawtucket"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T810,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPawtucket",1,1,1]
["Luepker, R. V.; Jacobs, D. R.; Gillum, R. F.; Folsom, A. R.; Prineas, R. J.; Blackburn, H.",1985,"Acute stroke in a metropolitan area, 1970 and 1980. The Minnesota Heart Survey","Mortality rates for stroke, and hospitalization and case fatality rates for acute stroke in 1970 and 1980 were obtained for residents aged 30-74 of the Twin Cities (Minnneapolis-St Paul) metropolitan area to determine whether improved hospital care contributed to the decline in stroke mortality. Age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 declined significantly in that decade for men (1970, 89.4; 1980, 47.5; p < 0.01) and women (1970, 72.6; 1980, 40.9; p < 0.01). Age-adjusted hospitalization rates per 100,000 population also declined significantly for men (1970, 438; 1980, 323; p < 0.01) and women (1970, 331; 1980, 203; p < 0.01). Age-adjusted mean length of hospital stay did not change significantly. Hospital case fatality declined for men aged 30-64 years (1970, 22.5%; 1980, 15.1%; p < 0.01) but did not change significantly for 65 to 74 year-old men (1970, 16.5%; 1980, 20.0%; p = 0.09) or for all women (age-adjusted rates: 1970, 13.6%; 1980, 16.0%; p = 0.17). There was no change in the distribution of severity of hospitalized cases between years. Therefore, the decline in stroke mortality is consistent with a decreased incidence of stroke resulting from improved hypertension control. Improvements in hospital medical care appear not to have contributed substantially to the decline in stroke mortality.","y","Journal of Chronic Diseases","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of heathcare",2,19,2,"QI in hospital stroke care",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Twin Cities (Minneapolis & St Pauls)",220,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T811,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Minneapolis"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T811,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaMinneapolis",1,1,2]
["Kendall, P. R. W.",1983,"Prenatal educational programming for Hindi, Punjabi, and Cantonese speaking communities","Analysis of birthweights within the city of Vancouver suggests that certain defined populations are at an increased risk of bearing low birthweight infants. Predictors for low birthweight are poor weight gain (25 pounds) and inadequate nutritional intake. The Vancouver Health Department's outreach prenatal program has demonstrated that improvement in both of these parameters will occur following appropriate counselling. Community Access Cable Television in Vancouver provides a widely watched medium through which these populations receive programming in their 1st language. With a grant from Health and Welfare in Canada, the Vancouver Health Dept. produced and broadcast Cantonese, Hindi, and Punjabi language Prenatal Educational Videotapes. A limited postbroadcast survey revealed: 1) 39% of respondents had viewed the program, 2) 96% of the viewers found the program acceptable, and 3) 88% recalled the recommended pregnancy weight gain. These results suggest that for immigrants for whom English is a 2nd language, selective use of broadcast media may be an inexpensive way of effectively imparting health education. Further exposure and evaluation required to determine whether changes in attitude and practice can be effected in the target populations. (author's modified)","y","Canadian Journal of Public Health","Scopus","Journal Article","child health",1,0,2,"Media (TV) education for populations at increased risk of low birthweight infants  through first language",1,"National Grant used by Health Department ",5,8,0,"Vancouver",234,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T812,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Vancouver"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T812,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaVancouver",2,1,1]
["Jetland, R. I.",1980,"The Seattle system for the management of out-of-hospital medical emergencies","During the past nine years two Harborview Medical Center and University of Washington physicians have been involved in the planning, development and implementation of the Seattle Fire Department's emergency medical care project. This project is designed substantially to improve the level of pre-hospital emergency care in an urban community. Seattle is a city with a population of more than half a million in an area of about 90 square miles. This report describes an emergency medical care system, known locally as Medic I, and reports on the system's direct life-savings effect.","y","World Hospitals","Scopus","Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,23,2,"Collaboration between clinicians and Fire Department to implemnent a new model of prehospital emergency care system",3,"collaboration",2,3,0,"Seattle",195,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T813,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Seattle"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T813,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSeattle",1,1,0]
["Woods, R.",1978,"Mortality and sanitary conditions in the \"Best governed city in the world\"-Birmingham, 1870-1910","The growth of population in nineteenth-century Britain has often been attributed to the decline in mortality during that period. Here the relationship between improvements in sanitary conditions and the fall in disease mortality is considered for one particular city in the period 1870-1910. Medical Officer of Health reports are used to show the spatiotemporal patterns of both a selection of fatal diseases and sanitary conditions in Birmingham in the 1880s. This evidence suggests that administrative developments in hospital provision, for instance, need to be combined with public health improvements in any explanation of mortality decline. Further, that poverty, as reflected by back to back housing, is more closely associated with high mortality than variables measuring sanitary conditions. © 1978.","y","Journal of Historical Geography","Scopus","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Study looking at mortality and housing and sanitary conditions in Birmingham 1870-1910",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Birmingham",18,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T814,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Birmingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T814,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandBirmingham",3,3,1]
["not stated",2016,"Transforming health in New York City","Transforming health in New York City., 2016, vol./is. 387/10016(331-331), 00995355  .  In cinahl","y","Lancet",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T815,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T815,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["not stated",2016,"A roadmap for better mental health in New York City","The article focuses on efforts to improve mental health services in New York City, which came after recognizing the impact of mental health issues among New Yorkers that has remained stagnant at about five percent. Topics discussed include prevalence of mental health illness among adult New Yorkers as of 2013-14, factors contributing to development of mental illness in the city and the role to be played by political leadership and commitment to social justice in addressing the issue.","y","Lancet",null,"Journal Article","Mental Health",1,25,2,"not stated",0,"Dsicussion regarding prevalance of MH illness, factors contributing to the development and role of political leadership and commitment to social justice in addressing issye",0,0,2,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T816,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T816,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["not stated",2015,"Baltimore City Stores Increased The Availability Of Healthy Food After WIC Policy Change",null,"y","Health Affairs",null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"WIC Policy Change",2,"WIC policy change",1,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T817,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T817,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Tsouros, D.",2015,"Twenty-seven years of the WHO European Healthy Cities movement: a sustainable movement for change and innovation at the local level","L2 - Available from Highwire Press in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=i3&pkgName=freeart&issn=0957-4824&linkclass=to_article&jKey=heapro.oxfordjournals.org&provider=highwire&date=2015-01-15&aulast=Tsouros%2C+Agis+D.&atitle=Twenty-seven+years+of+the+WHO+European+Healthy+Cities+movement%3A+a+sustainable+movement+for+change+and+innovation+at+the+local+level.&title=Health+Promotion+International&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&eissn=1460-2245&linkScheme=highwire3&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fheapro.oxfordjournals.org&volume=30&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Health Promotion International",null,"Journal Article","Health",1,0,2,"Review of WHO Healthy Cities ",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T818,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T818,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["not stated",2015,"Peeling Lead Paint Turns Into Poisonous Dust. Guess Where It Ends Up? A Media Campaign to Prevent Childhood Lead Poisoning in New York City","Successful public health media campaigns promote messages, increase awareness, engage the public, and encourage behavior change. Between 2004 and 2006, the Lead Poisoning Prevention Program of the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene conducted a media campaign grounded in social learning theory and the social marketing model to increase parents’ awareness of childhood lead poisoning, ways to protect their children, and property owners’ legal responsibility to fix peeling lead paint safely, and increase awareness of regulatory changes and encourage enforcement of New York City’s Local Law 1 of 2004. Campaign materials were focus group tested and the campaign was refined annually. The campaign ran city-wide and in targeted high-risk neighborhoods. Neighborhoods and media venue (bus, train, kiosk, and store) changed annually, based on population risk factors and venue availability. Exposure to the campaign, campaign-related knowledge, and behavior were assessed using pre- and postcampaign street intercept surveys. Results showed that campaign reached the targeted population, and had an impact on knowledge of lead poisoning prevention measures as evidenced by increased knowledge of lead paint exposures sources in one year and increased knowledge of preventive behaviors in another year; these improvements were observed for both genders and most ethnic, primary language, educational attainment, and age groups in each year. Lessons learned indicate that well-targeted media campaigns, designed with audience participation, can reach parents through various venues, and improve key knowledge areas. Evaluation challenges faced include high levels of knowledge at baseline, competing media messages, and balancing between program needs and evaluation design.","y","Health Education & Behavior",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"City-wide and targeted media campaign to increase awareness of childhood lead poisoning",1,"DOHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T819,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T819,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Paone, Denise; Tuazon, Ellenie; Kattan, Jessica; Nolan, L.; O'Brien, Daniella Bradley; Dowell, Deborah; Farley, A.; Kunins, V.",2015,"Decrease in rate of opioid analgesic overdose deaths - staten island, new york city, 2011-2013","From 2000 to 2011, the rate of unintentional drug poisoning (overdose) deaths involving opioid analgesics increased 435% in Staten Island, from 2.0 to 10.7 per 100,000 residents. During 2005-2011, disparities widened between Staten Island and the other four New York City (NYC) boroughs (Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens); in 2011, the rate in Staten Island was 3.0-4.5 times higher than in the other boroughs. In response, the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) implemented a comprehensive five-part public health strategy, with both citywide and Staten Island-targeted efforts: 1) citywide opioid prescribing guidelines, 2) a data brief for local media highlighting Staten Island mortality and prescribing data, 3) Staten Island town hall meetings convened by the NYC commissioner of health and meetings with Staten Island stakeholders, 4) a Staten Island campaign to promote prescribing guidelines, and 5) citywide airing of public service announcements with additional airing in Staten Island. Concurrently, the New York state legislature enacted the Internet System for Tracking Over-Prescribing (I-STOP), a law requiring prescribers to review the state prescription monitoring system before prescribing controlled substances. This report describes a 29% decline in the opioid analgesic-involved overdose death rate in Staten Island from 2011 to 2013, while the rate did not change in the other four NYC boroughs, and compares opioid analgesic prescribing data for Staten Island with data for the other boroughs. Targeted public health interventions might be effective in lowering opioid analgesic-involved overdose mortality rates. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=491&pkgName=heh&issn=0149-2195&linkclass=to_article&jKey=MMW&issue=18&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2015-01-15&aulast=Paone%2C+Denise&atitle=Decrease+in+rate+of+opioid+analgesic+overdose+deaths+-+staten+island%2C+new+york+city%2C+2011-2013.&title=MMWR%3A+Morbidity+%26+Mortality+Weekly+Report&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DMMW%26scope%3Dsite&volume=64&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=491&pkgName=c8h&issn=0149-2195&linkclass=to_article&jKey=MMW&issue=18&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2015-01-15&aulast=Paone%2C+Denise&atitle=Decrease+in+rate+of+opioid+analgesic+overdose+deaths+-+staten+island%2C+new+york+city%2C+2011-2013.&title=MMWR%3A+Morbidity+%26+Mortality+Weekly+Report&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dc8h%26jid%3DMMW%26scope%3Dsite&volume=64&dbKey=c8h&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","MMWR: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report",null,"Journal Article","health",1,13,2,"Comprehensive 5 part public health strategy",7,"DoHMH",5,0,2,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T820,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T820,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Djellouli, Nehla; Quevedo-Gómez, María Cristina",2015,"Challenges to successful implementation of HIV and AIDS-related health policies in Cartagena, Colombia","The Caribbean region presents the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS worldwide after sub-Saharan Africa; leading to serious social, economic and health consequences at the local scale but also at the regional and global levels. In Colombia, a national plan to tackle the epidemic was formulated with little evidence that its implementation in the local context is effective. This study focused on Cartagena – one of Colombia's largest cities and an international touristic hub – that presents one of the highest HIV prevalences in the country, to investigate whether the national plan accounts for local specificities and what are the barriers to local implementation. Based on the Contextual Interaction Theory (CIT), this qualitative research relied upon 27 interviews and 13 life stories of local inhabitants and stakeholders, collected in a first fieldwork in 2006–2007. A follow-up data collection took place in 2013 with 10 participants: key policymakers and implementers, NGO representatives and local inhabitants. Barriers identified by the participants included: local population's understandings and beliefs on condom use; stigma and discrimination; lack of collaboration from the Church, the education sector and local politicians; corruption; high staff turnover; frequent changes in leadership; lack of economic and human resources; and barriers to health care access. The findings suggest that global influences also have an impact on the CIT framework (e.g. international organisations as a major financier in HIV prevention). The participants put forward several feasible solutions to implementation barriers. We discuss how several of the proposed solutions have been applied in other Latin American and Caribbean countries and yielded positive results. However, further research is needed to find possible ways of overcoming certain barriers identified by this study such as corruption, the lack of collaboration of the Church and barriers to health care access.","n","duplicate",null,"Journal Article","health",1,2,1,"Analysis of National HIV/AIDs plan on local scale.",0,"nationla programme ",1,0,0,"Cartagena",40,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T821,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Cartagena"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T821,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Colombia"},"ColombiaCartagena",6,2,1]
["Cahuas, C.; Wakefield, Sarah; Peng, Yun",2015,"Social change or business as usual at city hall? Examining an urban municipal government's response to neighbourhood-level health inequities","There is a renewed interest in the potential of municipal governments working collaboratively with local communities to address health inequities. A growing body of literature has also highlighted the benefits and limitations of participatory approaches in neighbourhood interventions initiated by municipal governments. However, few studies have investigated how neighbourhood interventions tackling health inequities work in real-time and in context, from the perspectives of Community Developers (CDs) who promote community participation. This study uses a process evaluation approach and semi-structured interviews with CDs to explore the challenges they face in implementing a community development, participatory process in the City of Hamilton's strategy to reduce health inequities – Neighbourhood Action . Findings demonstrate that municipal government can facilitate and suppress community participation in complex ways. CDs serve as significant but conflicted intermediaries as they negotiate and navigate power differentials between city and community actors, while also facing structural challenges. We conclude that community participation is important to bottom-up, resident-led social change, and that CDs are central to this work.","y","Social Science & Medicine",null,"Journal Article","health",1,3,2,"City of Hamilton's strategy to reduce health inequities – Neighbourhood Action. ",0,"Participatory between local community and government",1,2,2,"Hamilton",86,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T822,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hamilton"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T822,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaHamilton",2,1,0]
["Sacks, Rachel; Yi, S.; Nonas, Cathy",2015,"FRAMING HEALTH MATTERS. Increasing Access to Fruits and Vegetables: Perspectives From the New York City Experience","Broad recognition now exists that price, availability, and other structural factors are meaningful barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption, particularly among low-income adults. Beginning in 2005, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene used the social–ecological model to develop a multifaceted effort to increase fruit and vegetable access citywide, with emphasis in low-income neighborhoods. Overall, the percentage of New York City adults who reported consuming no fruits and vegetables in the previous day decreased slightly over a 10-year period (2002: 14.3% [95% confidence interval = 13.4%, 15.2%]; 2012: 12.5% [95% confidence interval = 11.4%, 13.6%]; P for trend < .001). Our approach hypothesizes that complementary initiatives, implemented simultaneously, will create a citywide food environment that fuels changes in social norms and cultural preferences, increases consumer demand, and supports sustainable access to affordable produce. (Am J Public Health. 2015;105:e29–e37. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302587) L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in h","y","American Journal of Public Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,28,2,"multifaceted effort to increase access to fruit and vegetables",0,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T823,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T823,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Macfarlane, G.; Wood, P.; Campbell, E.",2015,"Healthy Toronto by Design: Promoting a healthier built environment","Chronic diseases, obesity and sedentary lifestyles are some of the health challenges facing Canada today. There is increasing recognition and evidence that the way our cities are planned, designed and built can contribute to these problems. Many of the policy levers to address the built environment exist outside the health sector and at the municipal level in areas such as urban planning, transportation, parks and recreation, and housing. The challenge for the public health sector is to build and sustain partnerships and collaboration across various sectors to ensure that health is considered in built environment policies. As the public health unit for the city of Toronto and part of the municipal government, Toronto Public Health is in a unique position to provide leadership, advocacy and support for healthy municipal public policies related to the built environment. This article provides some examples of CLASP (Coalitions Linking Action and Science for Prevention) initiatives undertaken to help create support for healthy public policies in the built environment and suggests that the 'Healthy Cities' approach is a useful framework to promote policy change in the built environment at the municipal level.","n","uplicarte",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Changes to the physcial enfironment - CLASP (Coalitions Linking Action and Science for Prevention) initiatives to support public policies in the built environment",2,"policy and healthy cities",1,0,0,"Toronto",215,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T824,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Toronto"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T824,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaToronto",2,1,0]
["Karcher, Rachel; Fitzpatrick, C.; Leonard, J.; Weber, Scott",2014,"A community-based collaborative approach to improve breast cancer screening in underserved African American women","Although African American women in the United States have a lower incidence of breast cancer compared with white women, those younger than 40 years actually have a higher incidence rate; additionally, African American women are more likely to die from breast cancer at every age compared with white women. Racial disparities in breast cancer mortality rates are especially significant in Maryland, which ranks fifth in the nation for breast cancer mortality, and in Baltimore City, which has the second highest annual death rate for African American women in Maryland. To address this disparity in care, Med-IQ, an accredited provider of CME, collaborated with Sisters Network Baltimore Metropolitan, Affiliate Chapter of Sisters Network® Inc., the only national African American breast cancer survivorship organization, to sponsor their community-based educational outreach initiative. The collaborative mission was to engage at-risk African American women, their families, local organizations, healthcare professionals, and clinics, with the goals of increasing awareness, addressing fears that affect timely care and diagnosis, and encouraging women to obtain regular mammograms. Intervention strategies included (1) a \"Survivor Stories\" video, (2) patient outreach consisting of neighborhood walks and an educational luncheon, and (3) a community outreach utilizing direct mailings to local businesses, community groups, and healthcare professionals. Trusted and well-known community resources were presented as mediums to promote the initiative, yielding achievement of broader and more effective outcomes. As a result of this patient-friendly initiative, two (2) of the women who sought screening were diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent treatment.","y","Journal of Cancer Education",null,"Journal Article","health",1,12,2,"Community-based education intiiaitve to increase awareness, address barriers to timely care/diagnosis and encourage regular mammograms.",1,"collaboration community-based educational outreach initiative.  Intervention ",2,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T825,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T825,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Feyerherm, Laura; Tibbits, Melissa; Hongmei, Wang; Schram, Sarah; Balluff, Mary",2014,"DUPLIDATE DO NOT USE Partners for a Healthy City: Implementing Policies and Environmental Changes Within Organizations to Promote Health","Current research has suggested that obesity prevention efforts should promote policy and environmental changes. The Partners for a Healthy City project, implemented in Douglas County, Nebraska, focused on collaborating with local organizations to help them select and implement 1 or more policies that promoted healthy eating and physical activity. Of the 346 organizations participating in the project and completing the follow-up assessment, 92% implemented at least 1 new policy or expanded an existing policy related to healthy food and drink options and physical activity, totaling 952 individual policy changes. Common policies included providing water as the primary beverage and installing bike racks to support active commuting to and from work. These findings suggest widespread support for policy changes that promote community health. L2 -","N","American Journal of Public Health",null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"Partners for a Healthy City collaborated with local organisations to enable implementation of policies to promote healthy eating and physical activities",0,"collaboration",1,1,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T826,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T826,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Kaushal, Rainu; Hripcsak, George; Ascheim, D.; Bloom, Toby; Campion, R. Thomas; Caplan, L.; Currie, P.; Check, Thomas; Deland, Emme Levin; Gourevitch, N.; Hart, Raffaella; Horowitz, R.; Kastenbaum, Isaac; Levin, Arthur Aaron; Low, F. H.; Meissner, Paul; Mirhaji, Parsa; Pincus, A.; Scaglione, Charles; Shelley, Donna",2014,"Changing the research landscape: the New York City Clinical Data Research Network","The New York City Clinical Data Research Network (NYC-CDRN), funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), brings together 22 organizations including seven independent health systems to enable patient-centered clinical research, support a national network, and facilitate learning healthcare systems. The NYC-CDRN includes a robust, collaborative governance and organizational infrastructure, which takes advantage of its participants' experience, expertise, and history of collaboration. The technical design will employ an information model to document and manage the collection and transformation of clinical data, local institutional staging areas to transform and validate data, a centralized data processing facility to aggregate and share data, and use of common standards and tools. We strive to ensure that our project is patient-centered; nurtures collaboration among all stakeholders; develops scalable solutions facilitating growth and connections; chooses simple, elegant solutions wherever possible; and explores ways to streamline the administrative and regulatory approval process across sites. ","y","Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association",null,"Journal Article","clinical data for research",2,0,2,"NYC clinical data research network- description of network",0,"collaboration ",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T827,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T827,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Frew, J.; Bhatti, Mobeen; Win, Khine; Sitch, Alice; Lyon, Anna; Pallan, Miranda; Adab, Peymane",2014,"Cost-effectiveness of a community-based physical activity programme for adults (Be Active) in the UK: an economic analysis within a natural experiment","OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness of a physical activity programme (Be Active) aimed at city-dwelling adults living in Birmingham, UK. METHODS: Very little is known about the cost-effectiveness of public health programmes to improve city-wide physical activity rates. This paper presents a cost-effectiveness analysis that compares a physical activity intervention (Be Active) with no intervention (usual care) using an economic model to quantify the reduction in disease risk over a lifetime. Metabolic equivalent minutes achieved per week, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained and healthcare costs were all included as the main outcome measures in the model. A cost-benefit analysis was also conducted using 'willingness-to-pay' as a measure of value. RESULTS: Under base-case assumptions-that is, assuming that the benefits of increased physical activity are sustained over 5 years, participation in the Be Active programme increased quality-adjusted life expectancy by 0.06 years, at an expected discounted cost of £3552, and thus the cost-effectiveness of Be Active is £400 per QALY. When the start-up costs of the programme are removed from the economic model, the cost-effectiveness is further improved to £16 per QALY. The societal value placed on the Be Active programme was greater than the operation cost therefore the Be Active physical activity intervention results in a net benefit to society. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in Be Active appeared to be cost-effective and cost-beneficial. These results support the use of Be Active as part of a public health programme to improve physical activity levels within the Birmingham-wide population.","n","duplicate",null,"Journal Article","Inactivity",1,29,2,"physical activity intervention (Be Active) ",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Birmingham ",18,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T828,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Birmingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T828,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandBirmingham",3,3,1]
["Perry, E.; Stephenson, Christy",2013,"Improving Population Health through Collaboration and Innovation","As a health care collaborative among Trenton's hospitals, its only Federally Qualified Health Center, its Division of Health, and more than 40 community organizations serving on the Community Advisory Board, Trenton Health Team has leveraged unprecedented data sharing and direct engagement with community residents to identify the health needs and priorities for its geography. This process has resulted in a unified Community Health Needs Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan for the city of Trenton, allowing collaborative allocation of resources to manage and improve population health in the city. ","y","Population Health Management",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Health Needs Assessment and community health improvement plan",0,"collaboration",2,5,0,"Trenton",211,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T829,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Trenton"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T829,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaTrenton",1,1,1]
["Gostin, O.",2013,"Bloomberg's Health Legacy: Urban Innovator or Meddling Nanny?","Michael Bloomberg assumed office as the 108th mayor of New York City on January 1, 2002. As he leaves the mayoralty-having won re-election twice-his public health legacy is bitterly contested. The public health community views him as an urban innovator-a rare political and business leader willing to fight for a built environment conducive to healthier, safer lifestyles. To his detractors, Bloomberg epitomizes a meddling nanny-an elitist dictating to largely poor and working-class people about how they ought to lead their lives. His policies have sparked intense public, corporate, and political ire-critical of sweeping mayoral power to socially engineer the city and its inhabitants. Here, I seek to show how Bloomberg has fundamentally changed public health policy and discourse. He has used the engine of government to make New York City a laboratory for innovation-raising the visibility of public health, testing policy effectiveness, and probing the boundaries of state power. Even though the courts have blocked some of his boldest initiatives, he has offered a paradigm for the 'new public health'-reaching beyond infectious diseases to upstream risk factors in everyday life and the human habitat. I also critically probe various arguments designed to derail his policies, along with the overarching charge of unjustified paternalism. ","y","Hastings Center Report",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Mayor Bloomberg intervention and impact on health",7,"Mayoral input",1,0,1,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T830,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T830,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Coady, H.; Chan, A.; Auer, Kari; Farley, M.; Kilgore, A.; Kansagra, M.",2013,"Awareness and impact of New York City's graphic point-of-sale tobacco health warning signs","Background To increase knowledge of smoking-related health risks and provide smoking cessation information at the point of sale, in 2009, New York City required the posting of graphic point-of-sale tobacco health warnings in tobacco retailers. This study is the first to evaluate the impact of such a policy in the USA. Methods Cross-sectional street-intercept surveys conducted among adult current smokers and recent quitters before and after signage implementation assessed the awareness and impact of the signs. Approximately 10 street-intercept surveys were conducted at each of 50 tobacco retailers in New York City before and after policy implementation. A total of 1007 adults who were either current smokers or recent quitters were surveyed about the awareness and impact of tobacco health warning signs. Multivariate risk ratios (RR) were calculated to estimate awareness and impact of the signs. Results Most participants (86%) were current smokers, and the sample was 28% African-American, 32% Hispanic/Latino and 27% non-Hispanic white. Awareness of tobacco health warning signs more than doubled after the policy implementation (adjusted RR Â¼2.01, 95% CI 1.74 to 2.33). Signage posting was associated with an 11% increase in the extent to which signs made respondents think about quitting smoking (adjusted RR Â¼1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.22). Conclusions A policy requiring tobacco retailers to display graphic health warning signs increased awareness of health risks of smoking and stimulated thoughts about quitting smoking. Additional research aimed at evaluating the effect of tobacco control measures in the retail environment is necessary to provide further rationale for implementing these changes. ","n","Tobacco Control",null,"Journal Article","health",1,7,2,"Graphic point-of-sale tobacco health warnings in tobacco retailers",2,"Cross-sectional street-intercept surveys (1007) conducted among adult current smokers and recent quitters before and after signage implementation assessed the awareness and impact of the signs",1,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T831,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T831,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Maldonado, Linda Tina",2013,"Midwives' collaborative activism in two U.S. cities, 1970-1990","This dissertation uses historical methodologies to explore the means through which activist midwives in two northeastern cities collaborated, negotiated, and sometimes conflicted with numerous stakeholders in their struggle to reduce infant mortality. Infant mortality within the black community has been a persistent phenomenon in the United States, despite a growing dependence on advancing medical technologies and medical models of birth. Studies in the early twentieth century typically marked poverty as the dominant factor in infant mortality affecting black communities. Refusing to accept poverty as a major determinant of infant mortality within marginalized populations of women, nurse-midwives during the 1970s and 1980s harnessed momentum from the growing women's health movement and sought alternative methods toward change and improvement of infant mortality rates.Utilizing a grassroots type of activism, midwives formed collaborative relationships with social workers, community activists, physicians, public health workers, and the affected communities themselves to assist in the processes of self-empowerment and education. Negotiating with hospital administrators and powerful physician groups, these activists were able to improve substandard medical and institutional treatment of marginalized pregnant women while pushing for alternative deliveries of obstetrical care that included the integration of nurse-midwives.Through their work with communities of marginalized women, nurse-midwives and their collaborative partners were able to improve the consistency of prenatal care by building strong networks of advocacy and social support. As a result, communities became engaged in their health as well as self-empowered to make positive change in the health of pregnant women and infants. Equitable healthcare and persistent infant mortality in the black community are relevant and contentious concerns today. The history of nurse-midwives and health activists sheds important light onto these enduring societal problems. Furthermore, a historical understanding of successful nurse activist models is essential as the country undertakes healthcare reform that will necessarily involve nurses to improve access to care.","y","Midwives' Collaborative Activism in Two U.S. Cities, 1970-1990",null,"Journal Article","Infant mortality",2,37,2,"Midwive's activism to improve infant mortality, with a  particular focus on women in the black community.",3,"Activisim and collaboration and education and negotiating with hospital administrators and physician groups. ",2,3,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T832,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T832,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Dannefer, Rachel; Williams, A.; Baronberg, Sabrina; Silver, Lynn",2012,"Healthy Bodegas: Increasing and Promoting Healthy Foods at Corner Stores in New York City","Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of an initiative to increase the stock and promotion of healthy foods in 55 corner stores in underserved neighborhoods. Methods. We evaluated the intervention through in-store observations and preintervention and postintervention surveys of all 55 store owners as well as surveys with customers at a subset of stores. Results. We observed an average of 4 changes on a 15-point criteria scale. The most common were placing refrigerated water at eye level, stocking canned fruit with no sugar added, offering a healthy sandwich, and identifying healthier items. Forty-six (84%) store owners completed both surveys. Owners reported increased sales of healthier items, but identified barriers including consumer demand and lack of space and refrigeration. The percentage of customers surveyed who purchased items for which we promoted a healthier option (low-sodium canned goods, low-fat milk, whole-grain bread, healthier snacks and sandwiches) increased from 5% to 16%. Conclusions. Corner stores are important vehicles for access to healthy foods. The approach described here achieved improvements in participating corner stores and in some consumer purchases and may be a useful model for other locales. L2 -","y","American Journal of Public Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,28,2,"Increase stock and promotion of healthy foods in corner shops",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T833,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T833,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Perlman, E.; Nonas, Cathy; Lindstrom, L.; Choe-Castillo, Julia; McKie, Herman; Alberti, M.",2012,"A Menu for Health: Changes to New York City School Food, 2001 to 2011* A Menu for Health: Changes to New York City School Food, 2001 to 2011","BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of obesity puts children at risk for chronic diseases, increases health care costs, and threatens to reduce life expectancy. As part of the response to this epidemic, the New York City (NYC) Department of Education (DOE)-the nation's largest school district-has worked to improve the appeal and nutritional quality of school food. This article highlights some of the structural and policy changes that have improved the school food environment over the past decade, with the aim to share lessons learned and provide recommendations and resources for other districts interested in making similar modifications. METHODS: This article details changes DOE has implemented over 10 years, including revised nutrition standards for school meals and competitive foods; new school food department staffing; food reformulations, substitutions, and additions; and transitions to healthier beverages. RESULTS: NYC's revised nutrition standards and hiring of expert staff increased availability of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy and decreased sugary beverages, and foods high in saturated fats and added sugars-the major contributors to discretionary calorie intake. DOE also introduced healthier beverages: switching from high-calorie, high-fat whole milk to low-fat milk and increasing access to water. CONCLUSIONS: NYC has successfully improved the quality of its school food environment and shown that healthier food service is possible, even under budgetary constraints. Several broad factors facilitated these efforts: fostering community partnerships and inter-agency collaboration, implementing policies and initiatives that target multiple sectors for greater impact, and working to make incremental improvements each year. L2 - ","n","uplicate",null,"Journal Article","School food",1,1,2,"Article details changes DOE has implemented over 10 years- analyses impact of changes in terms of nutritional standards of food provided in schools",2,"revised nutrition standards for school meals and competitive foods; new school food department staffing; food reformulations, substitutions, and additions; and transitions to healthier beverages. ",1,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T834,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T834,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Williams, D.; Warrington, Verlyn",2011,"Get Fit Kids: A Feasibility Study of a Pedometer-Based Walking Program","Introduction: Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and is a complex health problem with many biological, environmental, and psychosocial causative factors. While there are many factors that must be addressed to combat the prevalence of childhood obesity, prevention is typically viewed as the best solution for children. In an effort to address childhood obesity prevention and promote daily physical activity, a 12-week, pedometer-based walking program, Get Fit Kids, was designed and implemented with elementary school children. The primary aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of Get Fit Kids with an underserved population of Baltimore City public elementary-school children. Methods: Children in third through fifth grades participated in this quasi-experimental study during the 2008DS2009 school year. The primary research aim was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the program as measured by the change in step counts from the children's pedometers, participant satisfaction, and program costs. Secondary measures were change in body mass indices (BMI) and teacher satisfaction with the program. Results: Using a paired samples t test, children's step counts as measured at the beginning and conclusion of the program were significantly increased (t=3.374, p=0.001). Conclusion: While this study shows early potential benefits for a pedometer-based walking program for elementary-aged children, further research is needed to determine if this program is of benefit and can be replicated in other populations of children and adults.","y","Bariatric Nursing & Surgical Patient Care",null,"Journal Article","childhood obesity/physical acitvity",1,1,2,"Feasibility study of 12 week pedometer based walking programme for children",1,"quasi-experimental study with aim was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the program as measured by the change in step count, participant satisfaction, and costs. 2ndary measures were change in BMI and teacher satisfaction. ",0,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T835,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T835,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Green, Christine Godward; Klein, G.",2011,"Promoting Active Transportation as a Partnership Between Urban Planning and Public Health: The Columbus Healthy Places Program","Active transportation has been considered as one method to address the American obesity epidemic. To address obesity prevention through built- environment change, the local public health department in Columbus, Ohio, established the Columbus Healthy Places (CHP) program to formally promote active transportation in numerous aspects of community design for the city. In this article, we present a case study of the CHP program and discuss the review of city development rezoning applications as a successful strategy to link public health to urban planning. Prior to the CHP review, 7% of development applications in Columbus included active transportation components; in 2009, 64% of development applications adopted active transportation components specifically recommended by the CHP review. Active transportation recommendations generally included adding bike racks, widening or adding sidewalks, and providing sidewalk connectivity. Recommendations and lessons learned from CHP are provided. L2 - ","y","Public Health Reports",null,"Journal Article","Obesty- active transportation",1,1,2," Columbus Healthy Places program - rezoning applications as a successful strategy to link public health to urban planning. ",2,"The public health department established the Columbus Healthy Places (CHP) program to promote active transportation in numerous aspects of community design including review of city development rezoning applications as a successful strategy to link public health to urban planning. ",5,1,0,"Columbus ohio",54,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T836,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Columbus"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T836,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAColumbus",1,1,1]
["Smeeding, S. J.; Bradshaw, D. H.; Kumpfer, K. L.; Trevithick, S.; Stoddard, G. J.",2011,"Outcome evaluation of the veterans affairs salt lake city integrative health clinic for chronic nonmalignant pain","The purpose of this longitudinal outcome study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Integrative Health Clinic and Program, an innovative outpatient clinical service that provides nonpharmacologic, biopsychosocial interventions using research based mind-body skills and complementary and alternative therapies. The study assessed improvement in chronic nonmalignant pain and related depression, anxiety, and health-related quality of life.","y","Clinical Journal of Pain",null,"Journal Article","chronic non-malignant pain",2,46,2,"Integrative Health Clinic and Program, an outpatient clinical service providing biopsychosocial interventions e.g. mind-body skills and complementary and alternative therapies",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Salt lake city",186,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T837,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Salt Lake City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T837,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSalt Lake City",1,1,0]
["Aguilar, D. E.; Abesamis-Mendoza, N.; Ursua, R.; Divino, L. A. M.; Cadag, K.; Gavin, N. P.",2010,"Lessons learned and challenges in building a Filipino health coalition","In recent years, community-based coalitions have become an effective channel to addressing various health problems within specific ethnic communities. The purpose of this article is twofold: (a) to describe the process involved in building the Kalusugan Coalition (KC), a Filipino American health coalition based in New York City, and (b) to highlight the lessons learned and the challenges from this collaborative venture. The challenges described also offer insights on how the coalition development process can be greatly affected by the partnership with an academic institution on a community-based research project. Because each cultural group has unique issues and concerns, the theoretical framework used by KC offers creative alternatives to address some of the challenges regarding coalition infrastructures, leadership development, unexpected change of coalition dynamics, and cultural nuances.","y","Health Promotion Practice",null,"Journal Article","Filipino health problems- community based coalitions",1,0,2,"Article to describe the process involved in building the Kalusugan Coalition (KC), a Filipino American health coalition, and the lessons learned/challenges.",1,"coallition",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T838,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T838,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},{"$f":"+V838&U838","v":"usaNew York City"},1,1,0]
["de, A. M. Am; Bell, A. C.; Kremer, P.; Nichols, M.; Crellin, M.; Smith, M.; Sharp, S.; de, F.; Carpenter, L.; Boak, R.; Robertson, N.; Swinburn, B. A.",2010,"Reducing obesity in early childhood: results from Romp & Chomp, an Australian community-wide intervention program","BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that community-based interventions can reduce childhood obesity in older children. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Romp & Chomp intervention in reducing obesity and promoting healthy eating and active play in children aged 0-5 y. DESIGN: Romp & Chomp was a community-wide, multisetting, multistrategy intervention conducted in Australia from 2004 to 2008. The intervention occurred in a large regional city (Geelong) with a target group of 12,000 children and focused on community capacity building and environmental (political, sociocultural, and physical) changes to increase healthy eating and active play in early-childhood care and educational settings. The evaluation was repeat cross-sectional with a quasiexperimental design and comparison sample. Main outcome measures were body mass index (BMI), standardized BMI (zBMI; according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 reference charts), and prevalence of overweight/obesity and obesity-related behaviors in children aged 2 and 3.5 y. Results: After the intervention there was a significantly lower mean weight, BMI, and zBMI in the 3.5-y-old subsample and a significantly lower prevalence of overweight/obesity in both the 2- and 3.5-y-old subsamples (by 2.5 and 3.4 percentage points, respectively) than in the comparison sample (a difference of 0.7 percentage points; P < 0.05) compared with baseline values. Intervention child-behavioral data showed a significantly lower intake of packaged snacks (by 0.23 serving), fruit juice (0.52 serving), and cordial (0.43 serving) than that in the comparison sample (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A community-wide multisetting, multistrategy intervention in early-childhood settings can reduce childhood obesity and improve young children's diets. This trial was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry at anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12607000374460. © 2010 American Society for Nutrition. L2 - Available from Highwire Press in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=831&pkgName=freeart&issn=0002-9165&linkclass=to_article&jKey=ajcn.nutrition.org&issue=4&provider=highwire&date=2010-01-10&aulast=de+Silva-Sanigorski+AM&atitle=Reducing+obesity+in+early+childhood%3A+results+from+Romp+%26amp%3B+Chomp%2C+an+Australian+community-wide+intervention+program.&title=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition%2C+The&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&eissn=1938-3207&linkScheme=highwire2&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fajcn.nutrition.org&volume=91&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","American Journal of Clinical Nutrition",null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"Study to determine the effectiveness of the Romp & Chomp intervention in reducing obesity and promoting healthy eating and active play in children aged 0-5 y",7,"Community-wide, multisetting, multistrategy intervention conducted from 2004 to 2008, focused on community capacity building and environmental changes to increase healthy eating and active play in early-childhood care and educational settings. Evaluation was repeat cross-sectional with a quasiexperimental design and comparison sample. ",0,0,0,"Geelong",75,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T839,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Geelong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T839,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},"AustraliaGeelong",9,5,2]
["not stated",2010,"Effects of switching from whole to low-fat/fat-free milk in public schools -- New York City, 2004-2009","In 2005, the New York City (NYC) Department of Education (DOE) began reviewing its public school food policies to determine whether changes could help address the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in NYC. DOE determined that reducing consumption of whole milk and increasing consumption of fat-free or low-fat milk could help decrease students' fat and calorie intake while maintaining calcium consumption. However, milk industry advocates and others expressed concern that phasing out whole milk might decrease overall student demand for milk. Nevertheless, during 2005-2006, DOE removed whole milk from cafeterias in all public schools serving the city's approximately 1.1 million schoolchildren. To assess the effects of the switch on milk consumption, the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) analyzed system-wide school milk purchasing data. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that DOE school milk purchases per student per year increased 1.3% in fiscal year 2009 compared with 2004 purchases. By removing whole milk and switching from low-fat to fat-free chocolate milk, NYC public school milk-drinking students were served an estimated 5,960 fewer calories and 619 fewer grams of fat in 2009 than they were in 2004. Other school systems can use these results to guide changes to their own school food policies. L2 - ","y","MMWR: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report",null,"Journal Article","Childhood obesity-milk consumption in schools",1,28,2,"Study to analyse effect of removing fat content milk from cafeterias in all public schools ",2,"DOHMH",1,5,2,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T840,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T840,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Shankaran, V.; Luu, T. H.; Nonzee, N.; Richey, E.; McKoy, J. M.; Graff, J.; Ashford, A.; Lantigua, R.; Frucht, H.; Scoppettone, M.; Bennett, C. L.; Sheinfeld, S.",2009,"Costs and cost effectiveness of a health care provider-directed intervention to promote colorectal cancer screening","PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening remains underutilized in the United States. Prior studies reporting the cost effectiveness of randomized interventions to improve CRC screening have not been replicated in the setting of small physician practices. We recently conducted a randomized trial evaluating an academic detailing intervention in 264 small practices in geographically diverse New York City communities. The objective of this secondary analysis is to assess the cost effectiveness of this intervention. METHODS A total of 264 physician offices were randomly assigned to usual care or to a series of visits from trained physician educators. CRC screening rates were measured at baseline and 12 months. The intervention costs were measured and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was derived. Sensitivity analyses were based on varying cost and effectiveness estimates. Results Academic detailing was associated with a 7% increase in CRC screening with colonoscopy. The total intervention cost was $147,865, and the ICER was $21,124 per percentage point increase in CRC screening rate. Sensitivity analyses that varied the costs of the intervention and the average medical practice size were associated with ICERs ranging from $13,631 to $36,109 per percentage point increase in CRC screening rates. CONCLUSION A comprehensive, multicomponent academic detailing intervention conducted in small practices in metropolitan New York was clinically effective in improving CRC screening rates, but was not cost effective.","y","Journal of Clinical Oncology",null,"Journal Article","cost/cost effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening",2,15,2,"Randomized trial evaluating impact of series of visits from trained physician educators to assess the cost effectiveness of this intervention in improving Colorectal  screening. ",1,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T841,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T841,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Sturm, Roland; Cohen, A.",2009,"Zoning For Health? The Year-Old Ban On New Fast-Food Restaurants In South LA","A regulation banning new fast-food establishments for one year in Los Angeles, California, was passed unanimously by the city council in July 2008. It was motivated by health concerns and excessive obesity rates in South Los Angeles. However, it might not have had the impact that was intended. This paper reviews the empirical evidence for the regulation and whether it is likely to target the primary levers of obesity. We argue that the premises for the ban were questionable. For example, the density of fast-food chain restaurants per capita is actually higher in other parts of Los Angeles than in South LA. Other changes, such as menu calorie labeling, are likely to have a bigger impact on overweight and obesity. ","y","Health Affairs",null,"Journal Article","Fast food outlets and obesity",1,1,2,"Regulation banning new fast-food establishments for one year in Los Angeles.",2,"Reviews of empirical evidence for the regulation of new fast food establishments",4,0,2,"Los Angeles",118,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T842,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Los Angeles"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T842,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaLos Angeles",1,1,0]
["not stated",2009,"Gardening keeps seniors going","Planting and eating fresh vegetables is a great way to combine two AICR Guidelines for Cancer Prevention -- physical activity and a healthy diet. Community gardens in a small Virginia city bring good health and friendship to seniors while honoring their hometown roots. The Jefferson Area Board on Aging (JABA) in Charlottesville, Virginia, is part of a community-wide effort to improve the nutrition, physical activity and health of area seniors.","y","American Institute for Cancer Research Newsletter",null,"Journal Article","physical activity and diet improvements through gardening in older adults",1,0,2,"community gardens in a small Virginia city ",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Charlottesville",47,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T843,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Charlottesville"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T843,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCharlottesville",1,1,0]
["Barbosa, M. A.; Fernandes, R. A. Q.",2008,"Evaluation of prenatal care in low risk pregnancies -- a descriptive exploratory study","A descriptive exploratory study whose aim was to verify the quality of low-risk prenatal assistance in the city of Francisco Morato, based on indicators. The analysis observed the triad proposed by Donabedian9, (structure, process and outcome). Seventy-seven (77) puerperae were interviewed, the registries of the Pregnant Woman's Card and the prenatal care records of those women were analyzed, and the physical structure of the Health Units was observed. Regarding the process indicators, none of the 9 analyzed Units achieved the desirable score (= or > 80%). The structure indicators showed that all the Units possess the minimum necessary material and equipment; nevertheless, none presented a documentation system nor carried out an active search of the pregnant women who failed to attend. The result indicators point out that the majority (79%) considered the service between good and excellent in regard to the assistance and 62.3% reported they were satisfied. It was concluded that for the quality improvement of prenatal assistance, it is essential that all professionals in the city's Health Units take up continuing education courses. L2 - ","y","Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing",null,"Journal Article","Pre-natal care in low risk pregnancies",2,0,2,"evaluation of quality of low-risk prenatal assistance",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Francisco Morato",73,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T844,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Francisco Morato"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T844,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilFrancisco Morato",14,2,1]
["Carthon, J. M. B.",2008,"No place for the dying: a tale of urban health work in Philadelphia's black belt, 1900-1930","The poor health status of Black Americans was a widely recognized fact during the first third of the twentieth century. In this period, much of the noted excessive mortality in blacks was linked to tuberculosis. Blacks were believed to succumb to the disease at higher rates due to physical traits, such as purported racially inherited defects, and factors related to the physical and social environment such as poor sanitation, overcrowding, and a lack of health care resources.At the opening of the twentieth century nowhere revealed the confluence of excessive mortality due to infectious disease and the dynamics of urbanization more readily than the city of Philadelphia. The Bureau of Health launched one of the city's first organized attacks against tuberculosis though failed to target the black community despite excessive mortality rates existing there. In the absence of a comprehensive agenda to specifically address tuberculosis in blacks by city legislation, several voluntary associations developed strategies to thwart the effects of the disease. This study examines the collective efforts of key private charitable associations who worked cooperatively with black residents and black medical professionals to launch a community-oriented attack against tuberculosis. The collective efforts of the Starr Centre, Henry Phipps Institute and Whittier Centre to address social and health problems in the black community are explored. The physical and social milieu of Philadelphia's black community is also examined and the relationship between these influences and higher rates of infectious disease is revealed.As policies related to the poor health of Black Americans are considered even today, it will require reflections on synergistic activities from urban health reformers living nearly a century ago.","y","No Place for the Dying: A Tale of Urban Health Work in Philadelphia's Black Belt, 1900-1930",null,"Journal Article","Article on historical black american health (TB focus)",1,34,1,"Key charitable organisations who worked cooperatively with black residents and medical professionals to launch community action against TB",0,"collective efforts of key charitable organisations who worked cooperatively to improve TB prevention and care for black residents",2,0,0,"Philedelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T845,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T845,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,0]
["Barreto, M. L.; Genser, B.; Strina, A.; Teixeira, M. G.; Assis, A. M.; Rego, R. F.; Teles, C. A.; Prado, M. S.; Matos, S. M.; Santos, D. N.; dos, L. A. La; Cairncross, S.",2007,"Effect of city-wide sanitation programme on reduction in rate of childhood diarrhoea in northeast Brazil: assessment by two cohort studies","BACKGROUND: A city-wide sanitation intervention was started in Salvador, Brazil, in 1997 to improve sewerage coverage from 26% of households to 80%. Our aim was to investigate the epidemiological effect of this city-wide sanitation programme on diarrhoea morbidity in children less than 3 years of age. METHODS: The investigation was composed of two longitudinal studies done in 1997-98 before the intervention (the sanitation programme) and in 2003-04 after the intervention had been completed. Each study consisted of a cohort of children (841 in the preintervention study and 1007 in the postintervention study; age 0-36 months at baseline) who were followed up for a maximum of 8 months. Children were sampled from 24 sentinel areas that were randomly chosen to represent the range of environmental conditions in the study site. At the start of each study an individual or household questionnaire was applied by trained fieldworkers; an environmental survey was done in each area before and after introduction of the sanitation programme to assess basic neighbourhood and household sanitation conditions. Daily diarrhoea data were obtained during home visits twice per week. The effect of the intervention was estimated by a hierarchical modelling approach fitting a sequence of multivariate regression models. FINDINGS: Diarrhoea prevalence fell by 21% (95% CI 18-25%)-from 9.2 (9.0-9.5) days per child-year before the intervention to 7.3 (7.0-7.5) days per child-year afterwards. After adjustment for baseline sewerage coverage and potential confounding variables, we estimated an overall prevalence reduction of 22% (19-26%). INTERPRETATION: Our results show that urban sanitation is a highly effective health measure that can no longer be ignored, and they provide a timely support for the launch of 2008 as the International Year of Sanitation.","y","Lancet",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Investigate the epidemiological effect of improved sewerage coverage from 26% of households to 80% on diarrhoea morbidity in children less than 3 years of age.",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Salvador",185,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T846,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Salvador"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T846,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSalvador",14,2,2]
["not stated",2007,"Decline in smoking prevalence -- New York City, 2002-2006","In 2002, after a decade with no decrease in smoking prevalence, New York City began implementation of a five-point tobacco-control program consisting of increased taxation in 2002, establishment of smoke-free workplaces in 2003, public and health-care--provider education, cessation services, and rigorous evaluation, including annual cross-sectional, citywide telephone surveys using the same measures as CDC's state-based Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). During 2002-2004, estimated adult smoking prevalence decreased from 21.5% to 18.4%, representing nearly 200,000 fewer smokers. However, in 2005, no change in adult smoking prevalence occurred, either among New York City residents overall or among demographic subpopulations. In 2006, to further reduce smoking in New York City, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) implemented an extensive, television-based anti-tobacco media campaign using graphic imagery of the health effects of smoking; the campaign aired simultaneously with a large New York state anti-tobacco media campaign. This report describes the two campaigns and analyzes citywide survey data before and after the campaigns. In 2006, during the first year of the media campaigns, adult smoking prevalence decreased significantly among men (11.6% decrease) and among Hispanics (15.2% decrease). These findings confirm the importance of comprehensive tobacco-control programs and suggest that this intensive, broad-based media campaign has reduced smoking prevalence among certain subgroups.","y","MMWR: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report",null,"Journal Article","health",1,7,2,"comprehensive anti smoking programme",7,"DoHMH",5,1,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T847,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T847,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Twiss, J.; Dickinson, J.; Duma, S.; Kleinman, T.; Paulsen, H.; Rilveria, L.",2003,"Field action report. Community gardens: lessons learned from California healthy cities and communities","Community gardens enhance nutrition and physical activity and promote the role of public health in improving quality of life. Opportunities to organize around other issues and build social capital also emerge through community gardens. California Healthy Cities and Communities (CHCC) promotes an inclusionary and systems approach to improving community health. CHCC has funded community-based nutrition and physical activity programs in several cities. Successful community gardens were developed by many cities incorporating local leadership and resources, volunteers and community partners, and skills-building opportunities for participants. Through community garden initiatives, cities have enacted policies for interim land and complimentary water use, improved access to produce, elevated public consciousness about public health, created culturally appropriate educational and training materials, and strengthened community building skills.","y","American Journal of Public Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,36,2,"California Healthy Cities and Communities (CHCC) community gardens on health",0,"Funding of community gardens",0,0,0,"multiple cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T848,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T848,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Nixon, D.; Charles-Jones, H.; Saunders, T. P.; Tanner, D. M.; Jackson, B.",2003,"Managing mental health in primary care: a partnership approach","Primary care has been placed at the cornerstone of the National Health Service. Shifting the Balance of Power identifies primary care trusts as having the lead role in developing strategic partnerships to improve the health of local communities. The mental health agenda is challenging for primary care as both a commissioner and provider of services. One of the challenges is to provide a model of care that offers an improved single point of access, is integrated with all components of effective care and enhances outcomes for service users. Primary care is the major provider of mental health services in the United Kingdom with 90% of patients with mental health problems treated solely in this sector. The National Service Framework for Mental Health outlines an ambitious programme of development incorporating seven national standards. Primary care organisations (PCOs) have lead responsibility for standards 2 and 3 relating to access and effective treatments. Chester City PCO commissioned and developed a multidisciplinary mental health team in primary care capable of delivering care across the continuum of mental health problems for the adult population aged 16-65 years, which became fully operational in April 2001. The model is organised around four groups or clusters of practices, each covering a population of approximately 25 000. Each cluster has a linked clinical team leader, deputy and support worker providing a single point of access for primary care referrals in the practices, a 'signposting' function, specialist assessment and delivery of a range of therapeutic interventions. It would appear that such a multidisciplinary mental health team in primary care, comprising specialist mental health workers, is capable of providing rapid access, managing the continuum of mental health problems and interfacing effectively with a range of key partner organisations. Early findings demonstrate that this model delivers measurable benefits to service users and primary care professionals and may potentially reduce the utilisation of specialist services. It would appear that the reconfiguration of the service has offered considerable scope to meet the challenging national imperatives required by the newly emerging PCOs.","y","Primary Care Mental Health",null,"Journal Article","healthcare",2,25,2,"Implementation of multidisciplinary mental health team in primary care ",3,"commissioned",6,0,0,"Chester",49,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T849,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Chester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T849,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandChester",3,3,0]
["Needle, R. H.; Trotter, R. T. I. I., II; Singer, M.; Bates, C.; Page, J. B.; Metzger, D.; Marcelin, L. H.",2003,"Rapid assessment of the HIV/AIDS crisis in racial and ethnic minority communities: an approach for timely community interventions","OBJECTIVES: The US Department of Health and Human Services, in collaboration with the Congressional Black Caucus, created a new initiative to address the disproportionate ongoing HIV/AIDS crisis in racial/ethnic minority populations. METHODS: This initiative included deploying technical assistance teams through the Office of HIV/AIDS Policy. The teams introduced rapid assessment and response methodologies and trained minority communities in their use. RESULTS: The first 3 eligible cities (Detroit, Miami, and Philadelphia) focused assessments in small geographic areas, using multiple methodologies to obtain data. CONCLUSIONS: Data from the first 3 eligible cities provided critical information about changing the dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic at the local level, including program and policy changes and infrastructure redeployment targeted at the most serious social and environmental conditions. L","y","American Journal of Public Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,2,1,"deploying technical assistance teams through the Office of HIV/AIDS Policy",3,"national funded",8,0,0,"Multiple (Detroit, Miami, and Philadelphia)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T850,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T850,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Awofeso, N.",2003,"The Healthy Cities approach--reflections on a framework for improving global health",null,"y","Bulletin of the World Health Organization",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T851,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T851,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Stone, G.",2000,"A diverse, intersectoral approach to community health promotion: 'Be Active in Bunbury'","ISSUE ADDRESSED:Within a 'healthy cities' framework, the structure and processes of a community-wide health promotion project are described. The project aimed to incorporate a health message into community events and to purchase structural changes to influence the health of community members at environmental and policy levels.METHOD:Using intersectoral collaboration with key intermediaries, a 12-month calendar of arts, health and sporting events was generated. Events and their venues were assessed for their potential to effect structural changes. Sponsorship arrangements were entered into to 'purchase' changes that were not already in place, and to contribute towards event costs. Key promotional strategies included print and electronic media and local level communication between intermediaries and their networks.RESULTS:Changes in policies were achieved with most venues and events. A postprogram survey of intermediaries indicated that 83% thought their event was a 'success' and that it attracted the appropriate target group. Intermediaries from non-traditional health areas indicated that the program enhanced and provided possibilities for extending the reach of their work, allowing for a wider definition of 'health' and 'physical activity'. The program reinforced the leadership role of local government in establishing health-promoting policies and environmental changes.CONCLUSIONS:Purchasing policy and environmental changes is achievable in a receptive community. Factors that may enhance receptivity include influential civic participation, a positive community history of health promotion and seeking out non-traditional opportunities to disseminate health messages. Identifying key intermediaries early in the planning process and using implementation strategies of intersectoral collaboration and local level participation can maximise the reach of health messages.SO WHAT?A multi-level approach can help promote a community culture of healthy behaviours. Good intersectoral networks and cooperation are essential to initiate and sustain community health promotion projects. Purchasing policy changes via sponsorship is a viable way to effect healthy public policy.","y","Health Promotion Journal of Australia",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"12 month project aimed to incorporate a health message into community events.   Sponsorship arrangements were entered into to 'purchase' changes that were not already in place, and to contribute towards event costs. ",1,"collaboration and policy",2,1,2,"Bunbury",29,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T852,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Bunbury"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T852,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},"AustraliaBunbury",9,5,1]
["Flynn, B. C.",1995,"Healthy cities: building partnerships for healthy public policy","From the halls of Congress to our living room, the media has focused attention on the debilitating effects of poverty, violence, and inadequate access to health care. In the face of these growing problems, many communities have pledged to enhance their quality of life by participating in Healthy Cities, an innovative, grassroots approach to health promotion and disease prevention. Aimed at developing healthy public policy, Healthy Cities ensures diversity and collaboration by involving persons from all walks of life to improve the community's health.","y","Nursing Policy Forum",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Descripton of healthy cities movement",0,"collaboration and policy",2,1,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T853,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T853,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Duhon-Haynes, G. M.",1995,"An analysis of the outcome results of children and their families participating in a crisis, home-based outpatient counseling program","This study is an analysis of the outcome results of the number of children and their families who participated in the Children's Mental Health Plan crisis home-based outpatient counseling program, serving cities in the Harris County area of Texas. These services consisted of intensive interventions delivered to children and their families in their homes, which included such services such as counseling parenting skills training, and case management. The target population consisted of 387 severely emotionally disturbed children who resided in the Harris County area of the state of Texas. The group consisted of 267 males and 120 females ranging in age from 0 to 17 years of age. Evaluation methodology addressed the characteristics of the population served, the nature of the services received, the effects of the programs on out-of-home placements, the program's effects on child and family functioning, and participant satisfaction with the program. The results indicated that the home based family preservation services were implemented as planned and had a positive impact on the children and families served. The services delivered were relatively short-term and intensive and usually involved some interagency contact. The majority of children and families avoided out-of-home placement, showed improvements in child and family functioning at termination and follow-up, and were satisfied with services. Future consumers of the home-based services, however, may benefit from several modifications, which should include a vigorous advertising campaign to inform other professional and the general public as to the existence and goals of the program. The advertising campaign should also include information on how to access the services as well as how to integrate them with existing community services and resources. Additional services provided should include in-session cognitive restructuring to adjust parents' expectations as to treatment goals that accompany the use of home-based services as an early intervention model.","y","Analysis of the Outcome Results of Children & Their Families Participating in a Crisis, Home-based Outpatient Counseling Program",null,"Journal Article","healthcare",2,25,2,"Children's Mental Health Plan crisis home-based outpatient counseling program",1,"intensive interventions delivered to children and their families in their homes, which included such services such as counseling parenting skills training, and case management. Evaluation methodology addressed the characteristics of the pop, the nature of the services, effects on out-of-home placements, effects on child and family functioning, and participant satisfaction.",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T854,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T854,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Englander, J.; Cleary, S.; O'Hare, P.; Hall, K. M.; Kehmkuhl, L. D.",1993,"Implementing and evaluating injury prevention programs in the traumatic brain injury model systems of care","Injury prevention is a major public health issue, and health care professionals must assume responsibility for educating the public, particularly children and youth who are at the greatest risk of becoming injured. This article describes injury prevention efforts conducted by traumatic brain injury (TBI) model systems in San Jose, California, Houston, Texas, and New York City, New York. THINK FIRST is a prevention program founded by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons and utilized by the national TBI model systems. The THINK FIRST program is presented to elementary, junior, and senior high school students by young survivors of central nervous system trauma, health professionals, and occasionally a local celebrity. The message emphasizes personal vulnerability and possible consequences of risk-taking behavior. The article summarizes experiences in implementation of the THINK FIRST program by traumatic brain injury model systems. Results indicate that, once instituted, the program is well received in the schools, either in individual class or assembly presentations. During the study 271 students in individual classes were surveyed before and after THINK FIRST presentations. It was found that students demonstrated increased knowledge about the nature and consequences of injury after participation in the presentations. Although THINK FIRST was effective at increasing awareness in teenagers, reported behavioral changes after presentations were minimal. Thus, THINK FIRST programs may be useful as a supplemental tool to promote safe driving and riding practices.","n","duplicate",null,"Journal Article","Traumatic brain injury prevention",1,44,2,"Think First Education programme to raise awareness of consequences of risk-taking behaviour",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Multiple (San Jose, California, Houston, Texas, and New York City, New York)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T855,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T855,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["not stated",2002,"How to… IMPROVE MENTAL HEALTH","Reports the establishment of scheme by the general practitioners to improve mental healthcare in Chester, England. Partnership between primary care and mental healthcare; Division of the city into a cluster of practices; Importance of sharing of resources within primary care. ","y","GP: General Practitioner",null,"Journal Article","mental health",2,25,2," scheme by the general practitioners to improve mental healthcare ",3,"partnership",2,0,0,"Chester",49,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T856,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Chester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T856,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandChester",3,3,0]
["Kreyling, Christine; Ketcham, Burk",2001,"Fat City","Reports on the impact of community design and transportation planning on health issues in the United States (U.S.) as of June 2001. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report on obesity among U.S. citizens; Factors limiting individuals from burning off fat; Physical activities that could improve health and way of life; Initiatives of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to address health and community design. INSETS: Old Planners Never Die---They Just Keep Right on Working;Resources.","n","Planning",null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"initiatives to address community design",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T857,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T857,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Weech-Maldonado, Robert; Merrill, B.",2000,"Building Partnerships with the Community: Lessons from the Camden Health Improvement Learning","Describes the Camden City Health Improvement Learning Collaborative, a community care network initiative formed in 1993. Major goal of the initiative; Historical development; Political, institutional, and social context; Grassroots strategic model of community inclusion in the formulation of goals and programs to improve community health status. ","y","Journal of Healthcare Management",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Camden \nCity Health Improvement Learning Collaborative",7,"The organization is composed of representatives from local healthcare providers, public agencies, religious organizations, and neighborhoods. Goal is to improve the health status of the community by involving and empowering residents in the solution of their needs. ",2,0,0,"Camden City",38,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T858,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Camden"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T858,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCamden",1,1,0]
["Clark, K.",2000,"The City Government's Role in Community Health Improvement","Discusses the role of local governments in community health improvement in the United States. Overview of the emergence of the Healthy Cities movement; Transition from a traditional to the Healthy Cities model;","y","Public Health Reports",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Discusses the role of local governments in community health improvement in the United States. ",0,"Discussion article: the role of local governments in community health improvement in the United States. ",0,0,2,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T859,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T859,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Bea, J.",1997,"Shifting from hospitals to healthy communities","Focuses on health care in San Diego, California. Reference made to too many beds in the hospital districts of Grossmont, Fallbrook, Tri-City, and Palomar-Pomerado; Effects of changes in health care on these hospital districts; Changes in priorities from hospitals to healthy communities. ","y","San Diego Business Journal",null,"Journal Article","healthcare",2,40,2,"Effects of changes in health care on these hospital districts; Changes in priorities from hospitals to healthy communities.",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"San Diego",181,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T860,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Diego"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T860,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Diego",1,1,0]
["Kraft, M. Katherine; Dickinson, E.",1997,"Partnerships for Improved Service Delivery: The Newark Target Cities Project","This article describes the Newark Target Cities Project, which was developed to address service delivery problems and to improve outcomes of people admitted to substance abuse treatment programs by creating a seamless treatment network. It states that the city of Newark developed an innovative service delivery model to address service deliver problems. The model created a network of service providers with a single point of entry, standardized assessment and placement procedures and electronic client-treatment matching. A Centralized Intake Unit was opened and a case management function was developed to coordinate client care. A system-wide staff development initiative was implemented to enhance treatment quality and links with primary care providers were established to improve access to health care. The model aims to enhance the quality of care through several mechanisms. First, an on-going clinical skills development program was implemented. Direct service workers from the substance abuse treatment agencies receive advanced clinical skills training throughout the year.","y","Health & Social Work",null,"Journal Article","improved healthcare",2,13,2,"Newark Target Cities Project, which was developed to address service delivery problems and to improve outcomes of people admitted to substance abuse treatment programs ",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Newark ",149,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T861,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Newark"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T861,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNewark",1,1,0]
["Kazel, Robert",1996,"Twin Cities employers launch own health plan","Reports that 25 of the largest employers in Minneapolis, Minnesota, plan to introduce changes into local health care effective January 1, 1997. Information on the changes to be introduced by Buyers Health Care Action Group (BYCAG); Position of analysts on the changes; Cost of BYCAG's health care services.","y","Business Insurance",null,"Journal Article","improved healthcare",2,40,2,"Employer led  changes to health care",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Minneapolis",133,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T862,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Minneapolis"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T862,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaMinneapolis",1,1,0]
["Winkleby, A.; Taylor, C. Barr; Jatulis, Darius; Fortmann, P.",1996,"The Long-Term Effects of a Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Trial: The Standford Five-City Project","Objectives. This study examined long-term effects of a health-education intervention trial to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Methods. Surveys were conducted in California in two treatment and two control cities at baseline (1979/1980), after the 6-year intervention (1985/1986), and 3 years later at follow-up (1989/1990). Net treatment/control differences in risk-factor change were assessed for women and men 25 to 74 years of age. Results. Blood pressure improvements observed in all cities from baseline to the end of the intervention were maintained during the follow-up in treatment but not control cities. Cholesterol levels continued to decline in all cities during follow-up. Smoking rates leveled out or increased slightly in treatment cities and continued to decline in control cities but did not yield significant net differences. Both coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality risk scores were maintained or continued to improve in treatment cities while leveling out or rebounding in control cities. Conclusions. These findings suggest that community-based cardiovascular disease prevention trials can have sustained effects. However, the modest net differences in risk factors suggest the need for new designs and interventions that will accelerate positive risk-factor change.","y","American Journal of Public Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,26,2,"Study of long-term effects on health education programme.",1,"Stanford 5 City Project",11,0,0,"Californian Cities",35,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T863,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"California"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T863,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USACalifornia",1,1,1]
["Lerner, H.",1993,"New York City's Tuberculosis Control Efforts: The Historical Limitations of the \"War on Consumption\"","New York City began America's first campaign to control tuberculosis in 1893, and the disease declined until the 1970s. Throughout the 20th century, New York relied on three control strategies: screening, supervised therapy, and detention of noncompliant persons. Officials consistently identified the persistent foci of tuberculosis to be minorities and the poor, and they concentrated efforts among these populations. Recently, however, in the setting of rising human immunodeficiency virus infection and homelessness, tuberculosis--including multidrug-resistant strains--has returned to New York with a vengeance. Tuberculosis control in the city has been limited by two problems that hamper many public health programs: (1) antituberculosis measures, while appropriately targeting the poor, have been inconsistently funded and poorly coordinated; and (2) efforts have emphasized detection and treatment of individual cases rather than improvement of underlying social conditions. Renewed efforts by New York and other cities must address these limitations. ","y","American Journal of Public Health",null,"Journal Article","TB",1,34,1,"Discussion of history and limitations of public health campaigns for TB in NYC",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T864,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T864,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Holmes, F.",1991,"Cities on the road to health","Examines how public awareness of the need for health development has increased greatly in Horsens, Denmark, since the city became part of a European project entitled `Health Cities--by the year 2000.' Changes that have taken place; Listing of other project cities; Qualities of a healthy city. INSET: The Healthy Cities project..","y","World Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Examines how public awareness of the need for health development has increased greatly in Horsens, Denmark, since the city became part of a European project entitled `Health Cities--by the year 2000.'",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"Horsens",96,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T865,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Horsens"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T865,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"denmark"},"denmarkHorsens",23,3,0]
["Duhl, L.",1990,"Health and the city","Studies the complex health problems facing today's cities. Development of cities; How cities have changed; Major health issues in urban areas; Recommendations for improving urban health. INSET: Rapid urbanization.;Mayan art at risk..","y","World Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T866,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T866,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Joseph, C.",1989,"A BRIDGE TO TREATMENT: THE NEEDLE EXCHANGE PILOT PROGRAM IN NEW YORK CITY","The article focuses on the launch of the needle exchange pilot program in New York City, an initiative which aimed to prevent the spread of HIV. The program was designed to examine the addict behaviors that spread the virus, including whether needle exchange can help reduce the frequency or eliminate those behaviors. In the program, participants were allowed to exchange one set of sterile injection equipment on each visit, and were provided health services and HIV counseling and testing. Other programs include AIDS education and advocacy for placement of addicts into drug abuse treatment. The needle exchange program was proven to help change and save lives of drug users and their sexual partners.","y","AIDS Education & Prevention",null,"Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,"needle exchange programme",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T867,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T867,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["not stated",1985,"Developmental Screening in Child Health Stations in New York City","The article reports on the introduction of a pilot program designed to increase the early identification of preschool children at risk for educational handicaps in the Child Health Stations run by the New York City Department of Health in New York City. The program will also improve their referral to needed services. The purpose and focus of the program is to ensure that children with developmental problems will receive appropriate help before they enter school, so that the need for special education services can be lessen.","y","American Journal of Public Health",null,"Journal Article","child health",2,0,2,"programme for early identification of risk of learning difficiulties",3,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T868,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T868,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Millman, Michael",1981,"The Role of City Government in Personal Health Services","This study focuses on the role of the city government in providing personal health services in the U.S. Local officials confront the exigencies of the moment, including a public hospital running an unacceptable deficit, a programmatic effort offered through federal, state or foundation funds, and the discontinuation of older efforts. The cornerstone of the local role in personal health services is represented by the 90 public hospitals located in 63 of the 100 largest cities in the U.S. In return for federal operating monies, community health centers must comply with the ever changing uniform standards and reporting requirements which do not always take into account local circumstances.","y","American Journal of Public Health",null,"Journal Article","role of healthcare",2,40,2,"examining the role of city government in health services",0,"Discussion article on role of city government in health services",0,0,2,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T869,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T869,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Canady, A.",2016,"NYC first lady's mental health reform initiative a 'roadmap' for access, services","The article reflects on the mental health reform initiative ThriveNYC: A Mental Health Roadmap for All introduced by New York City mayor Bill de Blasio and his wife Chirlane McCray, designed to ensure New Yorkers receive treatment, including early intervention, community services and support. It cites a report that coincides the announcement which that major depressive disorder is the single greatest source of disability of the city.","y","Mental Health Weekly",null,"Journal Article","Mental health ",2,25,2,"ThriveNYC - programme of MH reform",0,"not stated",0,0,1,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T870,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T870,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Ko, Michelle; Murphy, Julia; Bindman, B.",2015,"Integrating Health Care for the Most Vulnerable: Bridging the Differences in Organizational Cultures Between US Hospitals and Community Health Centers","Policymakers have increasingly promoted health services integration to improve quality and efficiency. The US health care safety net, which comprises providers of health care to uninsured, Medicaid, and other vulnerable patients, remains a largely fragmented collection of providers. We interviewed leadership from safety net hospitals and community health centers in 5 US cities (Boston, MA; Denver, CO; Los Angeles, CA; Minneapolis, MN; and San Francisco, CA) throughout 2013 on their experiences with service integration. We identify conflicts in organizational mission, identity, and consumer orientation that have fostered reluctance to enter into collaborative arrangements. We describe how smaller scale initiatives, such as capitated model for targeted populations, health information exchange, and quality improvements led by health plans, can help bridge cultural differences to lay the groundwork for developing integrated care programs.","y","American Journal of Public Health",null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,46,2,"integration to improve quality and efficiency",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"multiple - Boston, MA; Denver, CO; Los Angeles, CA; Minneapolis, MN; and San Francisco, CA",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T871,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T871,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Cobb, K.; Anderson, A. M.; Appel, Lawrence; Jones-Smith, Jessica; Bilal, Usama; Gittelsohn, Joel; Franco, Manuel",2015,"Baltimore City Stores Increased The Availability Of Healthy Food After WIC Policy Change","As part of a 2009 revision to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program, the Department of Agriculture required WIC-authorized stores to stock additional varieties of healthy food. The long-term effects of this policy on access to healthy food are unknown. Using surveys conducted in 118 Baltimore City, Maryland, food stores in 2006 and 2012, we examined associations of the change in healthy food availability with store type, neighborhood demographics, and the 2009 WIC policy change. Overall, healthy food availability improved significantly between 2006 and 2012, with the greatest increases in corner stores and in census tracts with more than 60 percent black residents. On an 11-point scale measuring availability of fruit (3 points), vegetables (4 points), bread (2 points), and milk (2 points), the WIC policy change was associated with a 0.72-point increase in WIC-relevant healthy food availability, while joining WIC was associated with a 0.99-point increase. Stores that carry a limited variety of food items may be more receptive to stocking healthier food than previously thought, particularly within neighborhoods with a majority of black residents. Policies targeting healthy food availability have the potential to increase availability and decrease health disparities.","y","Health Affairs",null,"Journal Article","Healthy food",1,28,2,"Women, Infants, Children program (WIC) authorised stores to stock more healthy food",2,"policy for WIC authorised stores to stock more healthy food- surveys conducted in 118 Baltimore City, Maryland, food stores in 2006 and 2012, examined associations of the change in healthy food availability with store type, neighborhood demographics, and the 2009 WIC policy change. ",1,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T872,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T872,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["not stated",2015,"Manchester introduces landmark innovation partnership","The article reports on the Health Innovation Manchester (HIM), an initiative by the Manchester City Council in 2015 to improve the delivery of healthcare in Greater Manchester, England. Topics covered include the organizations involved in the initiative, importance of life sciences cluster, and the National Health Service budget for the move. ","y","British Journal of Healthcare Computing",null,"Journal Article","Improve the delivery of healthcare",2,40,2,"report on the Health Innovation Manchester (HIM), an initiative by the Manchester City Council in 2015 to improve the delivery of healthcare in Greater Manchester, England",3,"report on the Health Innovation Manchester (HIM), an initiative by the Manchester City Council in 2015 to improve the delivery of healthcare in Greater Manchester, England",3,0,2,"Manchester",125,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T873,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Manchester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T873,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandManchester",3,3,0]
["Levitt, Claire",2015,"New York City's health care cost savings plan","The article explores the employee health care cost savings plan developed through a collaboration between the New York City government and its 144 labor unions, which is expected to generate 3.4 billion U.S. dollars in savings for the city's health care programs over the next four fiscal years. Topics discussed include changes to the funding structure of the medical plan, quality and efficiency improvements incorporated and other goals of the plan. ","y","Benefits Magazine",null,"Journal Article","Employee health plans",2,40,2,"health care cost saving plan",3,"collaboration",2,0,2,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T874,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T874,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Larson, L. A. R. S. O. N. L. A. U. R. I. E.",2015,"After a crisis, 'beautiful opportunities' for lasting improvements","This article provides information on the mayor's Healthy City Initiative (Healthy BR) in Baton Rouge, New Orleans, an initiative commissioned by mayor Melvin L. Holden and involves the Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Ochsner Medical Center, Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center and the Women's Hospital. It discusses the objective of Healthy BR and health issues being addressed by the initiative. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=34&pkgName=c8h&issn=1068-8838&linkclass=to_article&jKey=HHN&issue=8&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2015-08-15&aulast=LARSON%2C+LAURIE&atitle=After+a+crisis%2C+%27beautiful+opportunities%27+for+lasting+improvements.&title=H%26HN%3A+Hospitals+%26+Health+Networks&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dc8h%26jid%3DHHN%26scope%3Dsite&volume=89&dbKey=c8h&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=34&pkgName=heh&issn=1068-8838&linkclass=to_article&jKey=HHN&issue=8&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2015-08-15&aulast=LARSON%2C+LAURIE&atitle=After+a+crisis%2C+%27beautiful+opportunities%27+for+lasting+improvements.&title=H%26HN%3A+Hospitals+%26+Health+Networks&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DHHN%26scope%3Dsite&volume=89&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","H&HN: Hospitals & Health Networks",null,"Journal Article","healthy city initiative",1,0,2,"Mayors healthy city initiative",0,"mayor led",5,0,1,"Baton Rouge",14,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T875,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Baton Rouge"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T875,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaBaton Rouge",1,1,0]
["Larson, L. A. R. S. O. N. L. A. U. R. I. E.",2015,"Walking the health talk","This article features PIH Health and Kaiser Permanente Downey Medical Center and their Activate Whittier initiative which aims to improve health in Whittier, California. It discusses results of community collaborations in the city, results of the 2007 community needs assessments conducted by PIH Health and Kaiser, and other organizations involved in the initiative.","y","H&HN: Hospitals & Health Networks",null,"Journal Article","health ",2,0,2,"Activate Whittier initiative - which aims to improve health in Whittier, California.",0,"Community collaborations in the city, results of the 2007 community needs assessments.",2,0,0,"Whittier ",238,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T876,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Whittier"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T876,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaWhittier",1,1,0]
["Kirby, I. I. M. James",2015,"The Importance of Collaboration","The article emphasizes the importance of innovative collaborations in communities to improve both the healthcare system and the community. It narrates the story of how Wingate University, Henderson City government, and Pardee Memorial Hospital, all in Hendersonville, North Carolina, collaborated to improve healthcare and education in their community. ","y","Healthcare Executive",null,"Journal Article","health and healthcare",1,0,2,"collaboration to improve healthcare ",0,"Collaboration between Wingate University, Henderson City government, and Pardee Memorial Hospital.",2,0,2,"Henderson",97,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T877,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Henderson"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T877,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaHenderson",1,1,0]
["Diller, A.",2015,"The Illusion of Autonomy in \"Food\" Litigation","The article focuses on the portion-cap rule (PCR) promulgated by the New York City Board of Health in 2012 to encourage consumers to drink less soda in certain retail environments and its link with other reforms like a trans fat ban and menu labeling to control obesity. It mentions that the decision of the New York Court of Appeals in the case Boreali v. Axelrod set the stage for the judicial invalidation of the PCR and the interference of voluntary consumer behavior with PCR. L","y","American Journal of Law & Medicine",null,"Journal Article","diet",1,1,2,"portion-cap rule to encourage consumers to drink less sugary drinks",2,"portion-cap regulation",4,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T878,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T878,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Leitschuh, Ben",2015,"THE NEW DEAL GOES SWIMMING","The article reports that the U.S. Works Progress Administration (WPA) placed many unemployed people in New York to work building public swimming pools to improve the health and well-being of city residents during the 1936 ","y","Planning",null,"Journal Article","unemployed to build swimming pools to improve health",1,0,2,"U.S. Works Progress Administration (WPA) placed many unemployed people in New York to work building public swimming pools to improve the health and well-being of city residents during the 1936 Depression",2,"Article reports that the U.S. Works Progress Administration (WPA) placed many unemployed people in New York to work building public swimming pools to improve the health and well-being of city residents during the 1936 Depression",8,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T879,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T879,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Ivanova, I. V. A. N. O. V. A. I. R. I. N. A.",2015,"NY’s $6.4 billion health reform hinges on the click of a mouse","The article reports on the problem with sharing patient records among health care providers in New York City. Topics covered include the budget allocated for implementing health care reform in the area as well as the impact of Obamacare on Medicaid reform. Also mentioned is the use of secure online platform to enable providers to exchange clinical records.","y","Crain's New York Business",null,"Journal Article","information sharing",2,35,2,"report on the implementation and  problems with sharing patient records among health care providers in New York City",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T880,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T880,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Wells, W. E. L. L. S. N. I. C. H. O. L. A. S.",2014,"THE SCOOP","The article discusses the changing landscape of health care in New York City with health care systems expanding, neighborhood hospitals shutting down, and Health and Hospitals Corp. getting cramped.","y","Crain's New York Business",null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"evolution of landscape of health care in New York City ",3,"discusses the changing landscape of health care in New York City with health care systems expanding, neighborhood hospitals shutting down, and Health and Hospitals Corp. getting cramped.",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T881,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T881,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["not stated",2014,"Garden City harvests a thriving crop of community health improvement projects","The article features St. Catherine Hospital, Garden City, Kansas' Finney County Community Health Coalition initially formed to reduce risky behaviors in young people living in the western Kansas community and has at present become the gold standard for grand-funded community health organizations. Topics discussed include a 5-year federal grant that helped the coalition's effort to reduce and prevent underage drinking in Finney County and its creation of a family literacy program. ","y","AHA News",null,"Journal Article","risky behaviours' of young people",1,0,2,"Community Health Coalition to reduce risky behaviours in young people",0,"Examples of work include adult literacy programme and initiatives to reduce under age drinking",8,2,0,"Garden City Kansas",77,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T882,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Garden City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T882,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaGarden City",1,1,0]
["Tsung-Mei, T. S. U. N. G. M. E. I. C. H. E. N. G.",2013,"Explaining Shanghai's Health Care Reforms, Successes, And Challenges","An interview with Shen Xiaoming, former vice mayor of Shanghai, China, is presented. When asked about the health system of the city, he divulges that Shanghai residents are covered by health insurance schemes. He adds that the Shanghai health care system has its origin from the hospitals built by Christian missionaries in the 19th century. He describes the quality of care in the city and its economic basis.","y","Health Affairs",null,"Journal Article","Shanghai health care system reforms",2,40,2,"Vice mayor Shanghai on health system in city",3,"Interview with mayor Shanghai on health system in city",3,0,1,"Shanghai",200,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T883,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shanghai"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T883,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaShanghai",5,4,0]
["Dockterman, Eliana",2013,"Bloomberg v. Pop Culture: NYC's Campaign to Boost Girls' Self Esteem","The article discusses the effectiveness of a New York City (NYC) public health program by mayor Michael Bloomberg that aims to improve body image among preteen girls. Topics include Bloomberg's public health crusade, such as the prohibition of giant sugary drinks, an overview of the NYC Girl's Project self-esteem campaign, and how the right advertising and education curriculum can change attitude about body image and potentially eating habits. ","y","Time.com",null,"Journal Article","poor body image of preteen girls",1,0,2,"public health programme to improve body image for pre-teern girls",1,"programme including prohibition of giant sugary drinks, an overview of the NYC Girl's Project self-esteem campaign, and how the right advertising and education curriculum can change attitude about body image and potentially eating habits",1,0,1,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T884,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T884,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Ivleva, Victoria",2013,"Russian city offers health pursuits for all ages","The article reports on an epidemic of chronic diseases which is being seen in the Russian Federation in 2013. A discussion of health promotion and healthy lifestyle initiatives which have been implemented in several cities within the federation, including Stavropol, to address the epidemic and improve the health of citizens, is presented. ","y","Bulletin of the World Health Organization",null,"Journal Article","Chronic disease",1,50,2,"health promotion and healthy lifestyle initiatives in Russia",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Stavropol (and others)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T885,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T885,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",47,3,0]
["Huff, H. U. F. F. C. H. A. R. L. O. T. T. E.",2013,"Case study: Asheville uses value coverage approach","The article presents a case study of the value coverage approach taken by Asheville, North Carolina for its health care plan in 1997. It recalls a collaboration between city officials and pharmacists groups including the North Carolina Association of Pharmacists. The collaboration has studied the role of personal interaction between pharmacists and chronically ill city employees in improving quality of care and lowering health care costs. The collaboration has led to the Asheville Project. ","y","Business Insurance",null,"Journal Article","employee chronic ill health",2,50,2,"improving quality of pharmacist care and lowering health care costs. ",3,"collaboration",2,0,2,"Ashville, North Carolina",7,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T886,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Asheville"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T886,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAAsheville",1,1,0]
["McGill, Natalie",2013,"Weight-loss challenges unifying communities around health","The article discusses weight-loss challenges to promote health changes among residents of U.S. states and communities. Oklahoma City mayor Mick Cornett started the OKC Million campaign in 2007 urging residents to lose 1 million pounds. Kansas Governor Sam Brownback launched Governor's Weight Loss in run by the state's Department of Health and Environment. Lighten Up Henderson is a 12-week weight loss challenge in Henderson, Nevada offered by Henderson's Parks and Recreation Department.","y","Nation's Health",null,"Journal Article","Obesity- weight loss challenges",1,1,2,"Weight loss challenges in cities in US",0,"Oklahoma City Mayor Mick Cornett challenge to lose 1 million pounds. ",5,0,1,"Oklahoma City ",156,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T887,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Oklahoma"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T887,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaOklahoma",1,1,0]
["Troutman, Adewale",2013,"Addressing U.S. infant mortality through Healthy Start programs","The author talks about the role of Healthy Start programs in dealing with infant mortality in the U.S. He cites that such programs provide grants to communities aimed at reducing rates of infant mortality and improve perinatal outcomes. He notes that the success of Healthy Start programs in several cities such as Baltimore, Maryland means that funding for these programs should be expanded. He adds that infant mortality can be addressed through community development and poverty reduction. ","y","Nation's Health",null,"Journal Article","Healthy start programmes for reducing infant mortality",1,37,2,"Healthy Start programme",0,"programs provide grants to communities aimed at reducing rates of infant mortality and improve perinatal outcomes",8,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T888,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T888,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["not stated",2012,"NYC's Healthy Hospital Food Initiative, for Ashley Lederer","An interview with Ashley Lederer, deputy director of the New York City Health Department is presented. When asked how the Healthy Hospital Food Initiative began, Lederer explained that the first set of standards covered schools, senior centers, correction facilities and homeless shelters and later hospitals to improve their food environment. Lederer added that the initiative is already being implemented in public hospitals although the standards are voluntary for private hospitals. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=16&pkgName=heh&issn=0897-7208&linkclass=to_article&jKey=02W&issue=11&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2012-11-12&atitle=NYC%27s+Healthy+Hospital+Food+Initiative%2C+for+Ashley+Lederer.&title=FoodService+Director&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3D02W%26scope%3Dsite&volume=25&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","FoodService Director",null,"Journal Article","diet",2,28,2,"healthy food standards in NYC schools, old people centres, prisons, hospitals",2,"DOHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T889,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T889,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Galloro, Vince",2011,"Social-ized medicine","The article focuses on the use of social media chat on Twitter, texts and application in delivering public health interventions. In Kansas City, Missouri, a project known as #hcsmvac was developed to improve the immunization rate in the area. Under this program, the participants can access the information regarding the immunizations and flu vaccines and find the closest immunization site by using an online map. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=30&pkgName=heh&issn=0160-7480&linkclass=to_article&jKey=MHL&issue=44&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2011-10-11&aulast=Galloro%2C+Vince&atitle=Social-ized+medicine.&title=Modern+Healthcare&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DMHL%26scope%3Dsite&volume=41&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=30&pkgName=c8h&issn=0160-7480&linkclass=to_article&jKey=MHL&issue=44&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2011-10-11&aulast=Galloro%2C+Vince&atitle=Social-ized+medicine.&title=Modern+Healthcare&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dc8h%26jid%3DMHL%26scope%3Dsite&volume=41&dbKey=c8h&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Modern Healthcare",null,"Journal Article","public health",2,0,2,"Use of social media applications in health interventions ",4,"not stated",0,0,2,"Kansas City, Missouri",101,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T890,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kansas City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T890,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaKansas City",1,1,0]
["not stated",2011,"New York City Improves Population Health With NextGate MatchMetrix Terminology Registry","The article reports on the implementation of the MatchMetrix Terminology Registry platform created by enterprise registry solutions provider NextGate and used by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH). It says that the MatchMetrix will standardize data shared by enterprise health registry (EHR) systems, cross-reference laboratory codes, reduce costs, and improve population health. It notes that DOHMH aims to enhance ordering of laboratory tests and receipt of results. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=304&pkgName=heh&issn=1064-4180&linkclass=to_article&jKey=38LZ&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2011-10-11&atitle=New+York+City+Improves+Population+Health+With+NextGate+MatchMetrix+Terminology+Registry.&title=Biomedical+Market+Newsletter&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&volume=21&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3D38LZ%26scope%3Dsite&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Biomedical Market Newsletter",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Health Information Exchange",4,"DOHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T891,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T891,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["not stated",2011,"San Francisco Healthcare Market Leads the Way in Innovation","The article focuses on the report of HealthLeaders-InterStudy which states that the San Francisco, California market leads the way in healthcare innovation. It states that physican groups and health systems in the city are participating in value-based contracts, bundle-payment pilots, and accountable care organizations. According to HealthLeaders-InterStudy analyst Laura Beerman, the city's health system looks to build a bridge to the financial rewards promised by federal healthcare reform. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=913&pkgName=heh&issn=1064-4180&linkclass=to_article&jKey=38LZ&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2011-09-11&atitle=San+Francisco+Healthcare+Market+Leads+the+Way+in+Innovation.&title=Biomedical+Market+Newsletter&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&volume=21&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3D38LZ%26scope%3Dsite&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Biomedical Market Newsletter",null,"Journal Article","improved healthcare",2,40,2,"value based contracts and ACO",3,"not stated",6,0,0,"San Francisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T892,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T892,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,1,0]
["Zigmond, Jessica",2011,"Broadening its reach: System to integrate city's healthcare facilities","The article provides information on the healthcare market in the area of San Marcos, Carlsbad and San Diego in California. According to the Beacon Community Advisory Board chairman Ed Babakanian, the federal grant received by the University of California San Diego Health System will allow it to integrate each healthcare facility in the San Diego community. The author adds that the funding can help improve health and lower costs using health information technology. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=27&pkgName=heh&issn=0160-7480&linkclass=to_article&jKey=MHL&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2011-07-11&aulast=Zigmond%2C+Jessica&atitle=Broadening+its+reach%3A+System+to+integrate+city%27s+healthcare+facilities.&title=Modern+Healthcare&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DMHL%26scope%3Dsite&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=27&pkgName=c8h&issn=0160-7480&linkclass=to_article&jKey=MHL&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2011-07-11&aulast=Zigmond%2C+Jessica&atitle=Broadening+its+reach%3A+System+to+integrate+city%27s+healthcare+facilities.&title=Modern+Healthcare&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dc8h%26jid%3DMHL%26scope%3Dsite&dbKey=c8h&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Modern Healthcare",null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"integrate healthcare facilities ",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"San Marcos, Carlsbad and San Diego, California",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T893,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T893,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Green, G. R. E. E. N. C. H. R. I. S. T. I. N. E. G. O. D. W. A. R. D. Godward; Klein, K. L. E. I. N. E. L. I. Z. A. B. E. T. H. G.",2011,"Promoting Active Transportation as a Partnership Between Urban Planning and Public Health: The Columbus Healthy Places Program","Active transportation has been considered as one method to address the American obesity epidemic. To address obesity prevention through built- environment change, the local public health department in Columbus, Ohio, established the Columbus Healthy Places (CHP) program to formally promote active transportation in numerous aspects of community design for the city. In this article, we present a case study of the CHP program and discuss the review of city development rezoning applications as a successful strategy to link public health to urban planning. Prior to the CHP review, 7% of development applications in Columbus included active transportation components; in 2009, 64% of development applications adopted active transportation components specifically recommended by the CHP review. Active transportation recommendations generally included adding bike racks, widening or adding sidewalks, and providing sidewalk connectivity. Recommendations and lessons learned from CHP are provided. L2 - Available from National Library of Medicine in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=41&pkgName=UKPMCFT&issn=0033-3549&linkclass=to_article&jKey=1248&provider=NLM&date=2011-05-11&aulast=GREEN%2C+CHRISTINE+GODWARD&atitle=Promoting+Active+Transportation+as+a+Partnership+Between+Urban+Planning+and+Public+Health%3A+The+Columbus+Healthy+Places+Program.&title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&eissn=1468-2877&linkScheme=epmc&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Feuropepmc.org%2Fjournals%2F1248%2F&volume=126&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","n","Public Health Reports",null,"Journal Article","duplicate record",1,1,2,"active transportation.  Linking urban planning to public health",2,"Health department",5,1,0,"Columbus",54,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T894,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Columbus"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T894,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAColumbus",1,1,1]
["Finley, S.; Brigham, Tangerine",2011,"Creating a Network of Care","The article reports on the Healthy San Francisco program developed by city leaders and the San Francisco Department of Public Health to improve the healthcare delivery system for the uninsured population in California. It highlights the essence of the extensive collaboration of nonprofit medical home clinics and hospitals in the success of the program. It stresses how the Department of Public Health manages the expectations of participants by explaining what the program can and cannot offer. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=72&pkgName=heh&issn=0883-5381&linkclass=to_article&jKey=HEX&issue=3&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2011-05-11&aulast=Finley%2C+Delvecchio+S.&atitle=Creating+a+Network+of+Care.&title=Healthcare+Executive&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DHEX%26scope%3Dsite&volume=26&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Healthcare Executive",null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,8,2,"Improving the healthcare delivery system for uninsured population through collaboration",3,"collaboration",5,2,2,"san franscisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T895,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T895,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,1,0]
["Fickenscher, F. I. C. K. E. N. S. C. H. E. R. L. I. S. A.",2010,"Hot diggety: City parks' food goes upscale","The article reports that commissioner of New York City Department of Parks & Recreation, Adrian Benepe has launched a campaign to improve the quality of food in New York City. It reports that Benepe has a plan to replace many of the 300 concessionaires currently operating in parks with vendors who sell healthful fare with the aim to promote healthy foods. About two years ago, several gourmet vending operations such vendors selling South Indian recipes and organic sandwiches were brought on. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=1&pkgName=heh&issn=8756-789X&linkclass=to_article&jKey=CNY&issue=45&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2010-11-10&aulast=FICKENSCHER%2C+LISA&atitle=Hot+diggety%3A+City+parks%27+food+goes+upscale.&title=Crain%27s+New+York+Business&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DCNY%26scope%3Dsite&volume=26&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Crain's New York Business",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"increase and Improvement in healthy foods in Parks",2,"NYC Parks department",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T896,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T896,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Ament, A. M. E. N. T. L. U. C. Y.",2010,"'Healthy San Francisco' connects city's uninsured to medical homes","The article highlights the significant contribution of the Healthy San Francisco program to the improvement of community health for residents who have no medical insurance in California. This program was launched by the San Francisco Department of Public Health (SFDPH) in 2006. It provides medical homes for city residents who are qualified for the program based on income level. The program partnered with not-for-profit hospitals for inpatient care such as San Francisco General Hospital, California Pacific Medical Center (CPMC) and Chinese Hospital. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=1&pkgName=heh&issn=0891-6608&linkclass=to_article&jKey=AHA&issue=18&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2010-09-10&aulast=AMENT%2C+LUCY&atitle=%27Healthy+San+Francisco%27+connects+city%27s+uninsured+to+medical+homes.&title=AHA+News&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DAHA%26scope%3Dsite&volume=46&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","AHA News",null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"Healthy San Francisco Programme - provides medical homes for uninsured",3,"Health Department partnering with non-profit hospitals",5,2,0,"San Francisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T897,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T897,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,1,0]
["Thrasher, F.; Pérez-Hernández, Rosaura; Swayampakala, Kamala; Arillo-Santillán, Edna; Bottai, Matteo",2010,"Policy Support, Norms, and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Before and After Implementation of a Comprehensive Smoke-Free Law in Mexico City","Objectives. We assessed attitudes and beliefs about smoke-free laws, compliance, and secondhand smoke exposure before and after implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law in Mexico City. Methods. Trends and odds of change in attitudes and beliefs were analyzed across 3 representative surveys of Mexico City inhabitants: before implementation of the policy (n=800), 4 months after implementation (n=961), and 8 months after implementation (n=761). Results. Results indicated high and increasing support for 100% smoke-free policies, although support did not increase for smoke-free bars. Agreement that such policies improved health and reinforced rights was high before policy implementation and increased thereafter. Social unacceptability of smoking increased substantially, although 25% of nonsmokers and 50% of smokers agreed with smokers' rights to smoke in public places at the final survey wave. Secondhand smoke exposure declined generally as well as in venues covered by the law, although compliance was incomplete, especially in bars. Conclusions. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation in Mexico City has been relatively successful, with changes in perceptions and behavior consistent with those revealed by studies conducted in high-income countries. Normative changes may prime populations for additional tobacco control interventions. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=1789&pkgName=heh&issn=0090-0036&linkclass=to_article&jKey=APH&issue=9&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2010-09-10&aulast=Thrasher%2C+James+F.&atitle=Policy+Support%2C+Norms%2C+and+Secondhand+Smoke+Exposure+Before+and+After+Implementation+of+a+Comprehensive+Smoke-Free+Law+in+Mexico+City.&title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DAPH%26scope%3Dsite&volume=100&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=1789&pkgName=c8h&issn=0090-0036&linkclass=to_article&jKey=APH&issue=9&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2010-09-10&aulast=Thrasher%2C+James+F.&atitle=Policy+Support%2C+Norms%2C+and+Secondhand+Smoke+Exposure+Before+and+After+Implementation+of+a+Comprehensive+Smoke-Free+Law+in+Mexico+City.&title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dc8h%26jid%3DAPH%26scope%3Dsite&volume=100&dbKey=c8h&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","American Journal of Public Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,7,2,"comprehenisve smoke free law",2,"legislation",4,0,0,"Mexico City",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T898,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T898,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,2,1]
["Paneth-Pollak, Rachel; Schillinger, A.; Borrelli, M.; Handel, Shoshanna; Pathela, Preeti; Blank, Susan",2010,"Using STD Electronic Medical Record Data to Drive Public Health Program Decisions in New York City","Electronic medical records can house patient information gathered over time and at multiple sites, thus they have the potential to increase continuity of care and improve service delivery in a multiclinic system. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene implemented an electronic medical record system in its 10 sexually transmitted disease clinics during 2004 and 2005. We examine the use of real-time electronic medical record data analyses to evaluate clinical services or program activities and present 3 examples of such analyses that have led to program improvements. Analyses of electronic medical record data have produced changes in clinical practice that in turn have resulted in more effective staff use, increased disease detection, and increased clinic capacity. (Am J Public Health. 2010;1 00:586590. doi: 10.2105/AJPH. 2009. 175349) L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=586&pkgName=heh&issn=0090-0036&linkclass=to_article&jKey=APH&issue=4&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2010-04-10&aulast=Paneth-Pollak%2C+Rachel&atitle=Using+STD+Electronic+Medical+Record+Data+to+Drive+Public+Health+Program+Decisions+in+New+York+City.&title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DAPH%26scope%3Dsite&volume=100&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=586&pkgName=c8h&issn=0090-0036&linkclass=to_article&jKey=APH&issue=4&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2010-04-10&aulast=Paneth-Pollak%2C+Rachel&atitle=Using+STD+Electronic+Medical+Record+Data+to+Drive+Public+Health+Program+Decisions+in+New+York+City.&title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dc8h%26jid%3DAPH%26scope%3Dsite&volume=100&dbKey=c8h&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","American Journal of Public Health",null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,35,2,"Implemented electronic medical records across all STD clinics in NYC",4,"DoHMH",8,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T899,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T899,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["not stated",2009,"Detroit program reduces ER visits, improves access to MH support","The article reports on the program which is said to decrease emergency room (ER) visits and improves access to mental health (MH) support in Detroit, Michigan. The program Transportation Crisis Mobile Team was established in 2008 by the Adult Well Being Services which is a nonprofit organization in the city. It is stated that the program aims to reduce the number of consumers with mental illness who rotate in and out of emergency rooms. It further provides information on the benefits of the program. ","y","Mental Health Weekly",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Implemented a  Transportation Crisis Mobile Team to reduce mental health patients rotating in ER",3,"Crisis mobile team set up in Detroit by non profit organisation",3,0,0,"Detroit, Michigan",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T900,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T900,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Jarlais, C. Des; Arasteh, Kamyar; Hagan, Holly; McKnight, Courtney; Perlman, C.; Friedman, R.",2009,"Persistence and Change in Disparities in HIV Infection Among Injection Drug Users in New York City After Large-Scale Syringe Exchange Programs","Objectives. We examined racial/ethnic disparities in HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) before and after implementation of large-scale syringe exchange programs in New York City. Methods. Participants were recruited from IDUs entering the Beth Israel drug detoxification program in New York City. Participants (n=1203) recruited from 1990 through 1994, prior to large-scale syringe exchange programs (pre-ex-change), were compared with 1109 participants who began injecting in 1995 or later and were interviewed in 1995 through 2008 (post-exchange). Results. There were large differences in HIV prevalence among pre-exchange vs post-exchange participants (African Americans, 57% vs 15%; Hispanics, 53% vs 5%; Whites, 27% vs 3%). Pre- and post-exchange relative disparities of HIV prevalence were similar for African Americans vs Whites (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=3.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.41, 4.96 and AOR=4.02, 95% CI=1.67, 9.69, respectively) and Hispanics vs Whites (AOR=1.76, 95% CI=1.49, 2.09 and AOR=1.49, 95% CI=1.02, 2.17). Racial/ethnic group differences in risk behavior did not explain differences in HIV prevalence. Conclusions. New interventions are needed to address continuing disparities in HIV infection among IDUs, but self-reported risk behaviors by themselves may not be adequate outcome measures for evaluating interventions to reduce racial/ ethnic disparities in HIV infection. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:S445-S451. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.159327) L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=S445&pkgName=heh&issn=0090-0036&linkclass=to_article&jKey=APH&issue=S2&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2009-10-09&aulast=Jarlais%2C+Don+C.+Des&atitle=Persistence+and+Change+in+Disparities+in+HIV+Infection+Among+Injection+Drug+Users+in+New+York+City+After+Large-Scale+Syringe+Exchange+Programs.&title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DAPH%26scope%3Dsite&volume=99&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=S445&pkgName=c8h&issn=0090-0036&linkclass=to_article&jKey=APH&issue=S2&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2009-10-09&aulast=Jarlais%2C+Don+C.+Des&atitle=Persistence+and+Change+in+Disparities+in+HIV+Infection+Among+Injection+Drug+Users+in+New+York+City+After+Large-Scale+Syringe+Exchange+Programs.&title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dc8h%26jid%3DAPH%26scope%3Dsite&volume=99&dbKey=c8h&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","American Journal of Public Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,2,1,"Large scale syringe exchange program",0,"not stated",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T901,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T901,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Chamany, C. H. A. M. A. N. Y. S. H. A. D. I.; Silver, S. I. L. V. E. R. L. Y. N. N. D.; Bassett, B. A. S. S. E. T. T. M. A. R. Y. T.; Driver, D. R. I. V. E. R. C. Y. N. T. H. I. A. R.; Berger, B. E. R. G. E. R. D. I. A. N. A. K.; Neuhaus, N. E. U. H. A. U. S. C. H. A. R. L. O. T. T. E. E.; Kumar, K. U. M. A. R. N. A. M. R. A. T. A.; Frieden, F. R. I. E. D. E. N. T. H. O. M. A. S. R.",2009,"Tracking Diabetes: New York City's A1C Registry","Context: In December 2005, in characterizing diabetes as an epidemic, the New York City Board of Health mandated the laboratory reporting of hemoglobin A1C laboratory test results. This mandate established the United States’ first population-based registry to track the level of blood sugar control in people with diabetes. But mandatory A1C reporting has provoked debate regarding the role of public health agencies in the control of noncommunicable diseases and, more specifically, both privacy and the doctor-patient relationship. Methods: This article reviews the rationale for adopting the rule requiring the reporting of A1C test results, experience with its implementation, and criticisms raised in the context of the history of public health practice. Findings: For many decades, public health agencies have used identifiable information collected through mandatory laboratory reporting to monitor the population's health and develop programs for the control of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. The registry program sends quarterly patient rosters stratified by A1C level to more than one thousand medical providers, and it also sends letters, on the provider's letterhead whenever possible, to patients at risk of diabetes complications (A1C level >9 percent), advising medical follow-up. The activities of the registry program are similar to those of programs for other reportable conditions and constitute a joint effort between a governmental public health agency and medical providers to improve patients’ health outcomes. Conclusions: Mandatory reporting has proven successful in helping combat other major epidemics. New York City's A1C Registry activities combine both traditional and novel public health approaches to reduce the burden of an epidemic chronic disease, diabetes. Despite criticism that mandatory reporting compromises individuals’ right to privacy without clear benefit, the early feedback has been positive and suggests that the benefits will outweigh the potential harms. Further evaluation will provide additional information that other local health jurisdictions may use in designing their strategies to address chronic disease. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=547&pkgName=heh&issn=0887-378X&linkclass=to_article&jKey=MIQ&issue=3&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2009-09-09&aulast=CHAMANY%2C+SHADI&atitle=Tracking+Diabetes%3A+New+York+City%27s+A1C+Registry.&title=Milbank+Quarterly&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DMIQ%26scope%3Dsite&volume=87&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Milbank Quarterly",null,"Journal Article","health",1,9,2,"Diabetes A1C Registry.  The United States’ first population-based registry to track the level of blood sugar control in people with diabetes. ",2,"DoHMH & legislation",4,5,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T902,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T902,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},{"$f":"+V902&U902","v":"usaNew York City"},1,1,0]
["Thomas, Jane",2009,"Using social marketing to address obesity: The ongoing 'Liverpool's Challenge' social marketing programme","With the increase in 'lifestyle' diseases linked to poor diet, obesity and lack of exercise, the NHS and UK Government face a significant challenge. This paper examines the development and impact of a social marketing programme -- Liverpool's Challenge -- to reduce obesity in Liverpool. Recognising that government campaigns promoting healthy eating and exercise tend to have limited success, Liverpool PCT's social marketing team focused on developing insights into the factors that motivate people to change their habits. They found that while most people were aware of the benefits of a healthier diet and were keen to lose weight, they found it difficult to stick to a long-term regime and often felt isolated and therefore unmotivated. The subsequent social marketing programme that was developed formed relationships with the target audience using customer relationship management techniques more commonly used in the commercial sector, to provide people with ongoing support and feedback within the framework of a city-wide challenge to residents to pledge to lose weight. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=216&pkgName=heh&issn=1753-8068&linkclass=to_article&jKey=88TW&issue=3&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2009-08-09&aulast=Thomas%2C+Jane&atitle=Using+social+marketing+to+address+obesity%3A+The+ongoing+%27Liverpool%27s+Challenge%27+social+marketing+programme.&title=Journal+of+Communication+in+Healthcare&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3D88TW%26scope%3Dsite&volume=2&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Journal of Communication in Healthcare",null,"Journal Article","health",1,1,2,"Social marketing campaign",4,"PCT",6,0,0,"Liverpool, UK",112,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T903,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Liverpool"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T903,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLiverpool",3,3,0]
["Freeman, G.",2009,"Traditional Tools That Help Build Good Health","The article reports on local governments' efforts to push for changes towards healthy food choices in the U.S. Professor Marion Nestle has revealed that cities are enlisting mobile vendors to provide food access to underserved communities while urging grocery stores to sell healthier foods. It cites U.S. cities like Seattle, Chicago, and San Francisco that have committed to provide community gardens and farmers markets with toolkits for healthy zoning and development plans. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=29&pkgName=heh&issn=0001-2610&linkclass=to_article&jKey=PLG&issue=8&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2009-08-09&aulast=Freeman%2C+Nancy+G.&atitle=Traditional+Tools+That+Help+Build+Good+Health.&title=Planning&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DPLG%26scope%3Dsite&volume=75&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Planning",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"mobile vendors to provide food access to underserved communities, promoting grocery stores to sell healthier foods. Community gardens and farmers markets with toolkits for healthy zoning and development plans.local governments' ",2,"city government policies ",1,2,0,"Seattle, Chicago, and San Francisco ",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T904,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T904,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Fickenscher, Lisa",2008,"Shocked NYers shun hi-cal muffins","The article reports on a New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene survey which has found that New Yorkers are changing their eating habits. It says that they are giving up old favorites such as fat-laden muffins and sugary drinks and are turning up their noses at diet-killing dollops of sour cream and guacamole. Already, nearly a quarter of consumers say the nutritional information available at nearly 2,400 city restaurants is having an impact on what they eat. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=1&pkgName=heh&issn=8756-789X&linkclass=to_article&jKey=CNY&issue=50&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2008-12-08&aulast=Fickenscher%2C+Lisa&atitle=Shocked+NYers+shun+hi-cal+muffins.&title=Crain%27s+New+York+Business&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DCNY%26scope%3Dsite&volume=24&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Crain's New York Business",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"nutrition information displayed at restuarants",1,"DoHMH legislation",4,5,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T905,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T905,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Findley, E.; Irigoyen, Matilde; Sanchez, Martha; Stockwell, S.; Mejia, Miriam; Guzman, Letty; Ferreira, Richard; Pena, Oscar; Chen, Shaofu; Andres-Martinez, Raquel",2008,"Effectiveness of a Community Coalition for Improving Child Vaccination Rates in New York City","We used a retrospective, matching, birth cohort design to evaluate a comprehensive, coalition-led childhood immunization program of outreach, education, and reminders in a Latino, urban community. After we controlled for Latino ethnicity and Medicaid, we found that children enrolled in the program were 53% more likely to be up-to-date (adjusted odds ratio=1.53; 95% confidence interval = 1.33, 1.75) and to receive timely immunizations than were children in the control group (t=3.91). The coalition-led, community-based immunization program was effective in improving on-time childhood immunization coverage. [Am J Public Health. 2008;98:1959-1962. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.121046) L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=1959&pkgName=heh&issn=0090-0036&linkclass=to_article&jKey=APH&issue=11&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2008-11-08&aulast=Findley%2C+Sally+E.&atitle=Effectiveness+of+a+Community+Coalition+for+Improving+Child+Vaccination+Rates+in+New+York+City.&title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DAPH%26scope%3Dsite&volume=98&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=1959&pkgName=c8h&issn=0090-0036&linkclass=to_article&jKey=APH&issue=11&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2008-11-08&aulast=Findley%2C+Sally+E.&atitle=Effectiveness+of+a+Community+Coalition+for+Improving+Child+Vaccination+Rates+in+New+York+City.&title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dc8h%26jid%3DAPH%26scope%3Dsite&volume=98&dbKey=c8h&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","n","duplciate",null,"Journal Article","health",1,42,2,"coalition led, community based immunization programme",3,"coalition",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T906,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T906,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Messina, Judith",2008,"An ounce of prevention worth a pound of cure","The article focuses on the efforts made by the health commissioner of New York, Thomas Frieden, to improve the medical care conditions in the city. Under Dr. Frieden's direction, the city has wired 171 community health clinics that serve the city's poorest and sickest residents. With the Primary Care Information Project, he is helping them digitize their patient records and giving doctors management tools, such as built-in reminders to give flu shots and order yearly mammograms. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=24&pkgName=heh&issn=8756-789X&linkclass=to_article&jKey=CNY&issue=42&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2008-10-08&aulast=Messina%2C+Judith&atitle=An+ounce+of+prevention+worth+a+pound+of+cure.&title=Crain%27s+New+York+Business&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DCNY%26scope%3Dsite&volume=24&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Crain's New York Business",null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"Digitize primary care patient records and automatic reminders for vaccinations and scans",4,"DoHMH",5,3,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T907,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T907,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Pofeldt, Elaine",2008,"Child obesity epidemic weighs heavily on NYC","The article discusses measures taken to manage childhood obesity in New York city. The Department of Health and Mental Hygiene is attempting to \"change the food environment,\" as Commissioner Thomas Frieden has said, by introducing carts around the city to sell fruits and vegetables. The Randall's Island Sports Foundation offers free year-round sports to children. Most programs to prevent childhood obesity is focused on behavioral change rather than clinical intervention, like medication. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=18&pkgName=heh&issn=8756-789X&linkclass=to_article&jKey=CNY&issue=34&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2008-08-08&aulast=Pofeldt%2C+Elaine&atitle=Child+obesity+epidemic+weighs+heavily+on+NYC.&title=Crain%27s+New+York+Business&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DCNY%26scope%3Dsite&volume=24&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Crain's New York Business",null,"Journal Article","health",1,1,2,"attempting to \"change the food environment,\" ",2,"carts selling fruits and vegetables. Offering free year-round sports to children. ",1,2,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T908,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T908,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Eder, Rob",2008,"New SF law makes you wonder what mayor is smoking","The author reflects on the ban of selling of cigarettes in San Francisco, California effective October 1, 2008. The author believes that such move will not totally eradicate cigarette smoking in the state because there are still other stores that would sell cigarettes and tobacco. He stresses that it would not also improve the people's health living in the city. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=10&pkgName=heh&issn=0191-7587&linkclass=to_article&jKey=DRU&issue=9&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2008-08-08&aulast=Eder%2C+Rob&atitle=New+SF+law+makes+you+wonder+what+mayor+is+smoking.&title=Drug+Store+News&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DDRU%26scope%3Dsite&volume=30&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Drug Store News",null,"Journal Article","health",1,7,2,"ban on selling cigarettes ",2,"legislation",4,0,1,"San Francisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T909,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T909,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,1,0]
["not stated",2008,"APHA ADVOCATES","This section offers news briefs on public health issues in the U.S. The San Diego City Council in California voted unanimously to fluoridate the city's water supply. The American Public Health Association (APHA) accused Philip Morris of committing fraud by misleading the public to believe that light cigarettes are less of a health risk than regular cigarettes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention requires more support to confront the critical public health issues arising from climate change, according to APHA. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=2&pkgName=heh&issn=0028-0496&linkclass=to_article&jKey=NAH&issue=6&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2008-08-08&atitle=APHA+ADVOCATES.&title=Nation%27s+Health&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DNAH%26scope%3Dsite&volume=38&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Nation's Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,27,2,"fluoridate water supply",2,"legislation",4,0,0,"San Diego",181,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T910,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Diego"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T910,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Diego",1,1,0]
["not stated",2008,"Frieden: Albany's off base","The article presents an interview with Thomas Frieden, health commissioner of New York City. He talks about the impact of being health insured on the people's health in New York City. He thinks that his emphasis would be on lowering health cost to build a political consensus around reforming health care. He talks about the advantage of using electronic health records. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=22&pkgName=heh&issn=8756-789X&linkclass=to_article&jKey=CNY&issue=24&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2008-06-08&atitle=Frieden%3A+Albany%27s+off+base.&title=Crain%27s+New+York+Business&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DCNY%26scope%3Dsite&volume=24&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Crain's New York Business",null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"electronic health records",4,"policy",1,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T911,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T911,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Valios, Natalie",2008,"Sheffield's very own Epic","The article presents information on The Enhanced Pathways In Care (Epic) project in Sheffield, England, which is a part of a five-year action plan Delivering Race Equality in Mental Health Care (DRE). Epic works with Sheffield's Pakistani community, the largest ethnic minority in the city. Epic works in partnerships with imams and a center, and the chief executive of Sheffield Care Trust meets community leaders regularly. DRE was set up in 2005 for service improvements for minority communities. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=36&pkgName=heh&issn=0307-5508&linkclass=to_article&jKey=IHN&issue=1721&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2008-05-08&aulast=Valios%2C+Natalie&atitle=Sheffield%27s+very+own+Epic.&title=Community+Care&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DIHN%26scope%3Dsite&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Community Care",null,"Journal Article","health",1,25,2,"Pathway redesign - Enhanced Pathways In Care (Epic) ",1,"partnership servcie reform",2,2,0,"Sheffield, UK",193,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T912,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sheffield"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T912,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandSheffield",3,3,0]
["Cantrell, Jennifer; Hung, Dorothy; Fahs, C.; Shelley, Donna",2008,"Purchasing Patterns and Smoking Behaviors After a Large Tobacco Tax Increase: A Study of Chinese Americans Living in New York City","Objectives. Tobacco taxes are one of the most effective policy interventions to reduce tobacco use. Tax avoidance, however, lessens the public health benefits of higher-priced cigarettes. Few studies examine responses to cigarette tax policies, particularly among high-risk minority populations. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of tax avoidance and changes in smoking behaviors among Chinese American smokers in New York City after a large tax increase. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study with data for 614 male smokers from in-person and telephone interviews using a comprehensive household-based survey of 2,537 adults aged 18-74 years. Interviews were conducted in multiple Chinese dialects. Results. A total of 54.7% of respondents reported engaging in at least one low- or no-tax strategy after the New York City and New York State tax increases. The more common strategies for tax avoidance were purchasin9 cigarettes from a private supplier/importer and purchasing duty free/overseas. Higher consumption, younger age, and number of years in the U.S. were consistently associated with engaging in tax avoidance. Younger and heavier continuing smokers were less likely to make a change in smokin9 behavior in. response to the tax increase. Despite high levels of tax avoidance and varying prices, nearly half of continuing smokers made a positive change in smoking behavior after the tax increase. Conclusions. Expanded legislation and enforcement must be directed toward minimizing the availability of legal and illegal low- or no-tax cigarette outlets. Public education and cessation assistance customized for the Chinese American community is key to maximizing the effectiveness of tobacco tax policies in this population. L2 - Available from National Library of Medicine in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=135&pkgName=UKPMCFT&issn=0033-3549&linkclass=to_article&jKey=1248&issue=2&provider=NLM&date=2008-03-08&aulast=Cantrell%2C+Jennifer&atitle=Purchasing+Patterns+and+Smoking+Behaviors+After+a+Large+Tobacco+Tax+Increase%3A+A+Study+of+Chinese+Americans+Living+in+New+York+City.&title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&eissn=1468-2877&linkScheme=epmc&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Feuropepmc.org%2Fjournals%2F1248%2F&volume=123&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Public Health Reports",null,"Journal Article","health",1,7,2,"Tax increase on cost of cigarettes",2,"taxation",6,5,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T913,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T913,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Krisberg, Kim",2007,"Healthy living a community affair for residents of Fall River, Mass","The article reports on the Healthy City Fail River initiative aimed at improving public health in the coastal town of Fail River, Massachusetts. Collectively, the people of Fall River have higher rates of smoking, obesity and heart disease than their Massachusetts neighbors. There are hundreds of activities under the Healthy City initiative, dozens of projects addressing the city's top health priorities and an entire community of businesses, government and public agencies lending their support. Most importantly, the effort is creating an enduring infrastructure aimed at supporting healthy behaviors. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=14&pkgName=heh&issn=0028-0496&linkclass=to_article&jKey=NAH&issue=10&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2007-12-07&aulast=Krisberg%2C+Kim&atitle=Healthy+living+a+community+affair+for+residents+of+Fall+River%2C+Mass.&title=Nation%27s+Health&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DNAH%26scope%3Dsite&volume=37&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Nation's Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"hundreds of activites undre their Healthy City programme",7,"various",2,5,0,"Fall River, Mass.",69,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T914,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Fall River"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T914,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAFall River",1,1,0]
["not stated",2006,"Detroit works to improve community, child health","The article deals with the launch of the Growing Well Community at the 2006 National Public Health Week in Detroit, Michigan. The Growing Well effort aims to reduce infant mortality, ensure all children in the city are fully immunized before their third birthday, reduce the risk of accidental injury and death among children and improve kids' access to and involvement in physical activity. The initiative also seeks to ensure all young children have healthy blood levels and all children and youth have access to three healthy meals a day. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=34&pkgName=heh&issn=0028-0496&linkclass=to_article&jKey=NAH&issue=5&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2006-06-06&atitle=Detroit+works+to+improve+community%2C+child+health.&title=Nation%27s+Health&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DNAH%26scope%3Dsite&volume=36&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Nation's Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Growing Well Initiative",7,"not stated",0,0,0,"Detroit, Michigan",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T915,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T915,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Larson, Kelly; Levy, Joslyn; Rome, G.; Matte, D.; Silver, D.; Frieden, R.",2006,"Public Health Detailing: A Strategy to Improve the Delivery of Clinical Preventive Services in New York City","To promote use of essential clinical preventive services, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene developed the Public Health Detailing Program, a primary care provider outreach initiative modeled on pharmaceutical detailing. Department representatives conducted topical campaigns, making unscheduled visits to health care practices and meeting with providers and office staff members. Representatives distributed \"action kits\" containing practice tools, provider information, and patient education materials; nicotine replacement therapy was distributed during the smoking cessation campaign. More than 2,500 interactions with practice staff members were completed by six health department representatives at approximately 200 sites. Physician visits lasted 10 minutes or longer, and by provider self-report, use of office systems for prevention and adherence to recommended practices increased. Public health detailing is an effective method of reaching providers to deliver key prevention messages, feasible for public health agencies and acceptable to practices. The effectiveness of this intervention in improving clinical prevention services requires further evaluation. L2 - Available from National Library of Medicine in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=228&pkgName=UKPMCFT&issn=0033-3549&linkclass=to_article&jKey=1248&issue=3&provider=NLM&date=2006-05-06&aulast=Larson%2C+Kelly&atitle=Public+Health+Detailing%3A+A+Strategy+to+Improve+the+Delivery+of+Clinical+Preventive+Services+in+New+York+City.&title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&eissn=1468-2877&linkScheme=epmc&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Feuropepmc.org%2Fjournals%2F1248%2F&volume=121&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Public Health Reports",null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"Training and support for GPs in prevention and health promotion",1,"DoHMH site visits",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T916,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T916,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Johnson, Teddi Dineley",2006,"Atlanta group improving health of city's black men","The article focuses on the initiative of the group, the 100 Black Men of Atlanta, to close the disparity gap in health status and improve the health of African Americans in Georgia. To reduce health disparities among African American men, chapter members are participating in a health awareness initiative called the 100 Health Challenge. The program, launched in late 2004, was created by former U.S. Surgeon General David Satcher and a member of the 100 Black Men of Atlanta. Participants in the 100 Health Challenge received initial baseline screenings and pedometers to remind them of the need to seize every opportunity to be physically active throughout the day. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=19&pkgName=heh&issn=0028-0496&linkclass=to_article&jKey=NAH&issue=3&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2006-04-06&aulast=Johnson%2C+Teddi+Dineley&atitle=Atlanta+group+improving+health+of+city%27s+black+men.&title=Nation%27s+Health&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DNAH%26scope%3Dsite&volume=36&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Nation's Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,8,2,"health awareness initiative \"the 100 Health Challenge\".",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Georgia",76,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T917,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Atlanta"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T917,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaAtlanta",1,1,0]
["Mortland, Shannon",2005,"UH plotting upgrades at community hospitals","The article focuses on the upgrading of community hospitals and emergency services by University Hospitals Health System. Starting with more than $10 million of investments, University Hospitals Health System is embarking on an effort to add and improve services at its six community hospitals and at University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio over the next five years. The drive to boost services at the community hospitals boils down to two factors-- aging baby boomers who need more services close to home, and younger generations who continue to move away from the city. Cardiac, interventional vascular and orthopedic services also will be expanded. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=1&pkgName=heh&issn=0197-2375&linkclass=to_article&jKey=CCB&issue=50&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2005-12-05&aulast=Mortland%2C+Shannon&atitle=UH+plotting+upgrades+at+community+hospitals.&title=Crain%27s+Cleveland+Business&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DCCB%26scope%3Dsite&volume=26&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Crain's Cleveland Business",null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"$10m investment in service reform",3,"service reform respoding to demographics",3,0,0,"Cleveland, Ohio",51,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T918,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Cleveland"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T918,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCleveland",1,1,0]
["Benko, B.",2005,"The price of good intentions","The article focuses on an asthma-management program being implemented at Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics in Kansas City, Missouri. Improving revenue and care are the prime objectives of the initiative. Hands-on training and asthma management education are provided for primary-care physicians in a health maintenance organization network under the program of the hospital. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation provided a grant for the establishment of the program in 2001. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=6&pkgName=heh&issn=0160-7480&linkclass=to_article&jKey=MHL&issue=48&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2005-11-05&aulast=Benko%2C+Laura+B.&atitle=The+price+of+good+intentions.&title=Modern+Healthcare&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DMHL%26scope%3Dsite&volume=35&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=6&pkgName=c8h&issn=0160-7480&linkclass=to_article&jKey=MHL&issue=48&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2005-11-05&aulast=Benko%2C+Laura+B.&atitle=The+price+of+good+intentions.&title=Modern+Healthcare&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dc8h%26jid%3DMHL%26scope%3Dsite&volume=35&dbKey=c8h&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Modern Healthcare",null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,5,2,"training and education",1,"RWJ",8,0,0,"Kansas City, Missouri",101,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T919,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kansas City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T919,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaKansas City",1,1,0]
["Spake, Amanda",2005,"THE WORLD OF CHEF JORGE","Focuses on the effort of Chef Jorge Leon Collazo in helping make school lunches healthier in New York City schools. How the food at the schools has improved since Chef Jorge was hired; Availability of fruit and salad; Other items on the menu; Popularity of the improved menu among students; Assertion that the majority of schools in the United States sell food that does not promote healthy eating and increases the risk of childhood obesity; Background on Chef Jorge and his experience as a cook. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=64&pkgName=heh&issn=0041-5537&linkclass=to_article&jKey=USN&issue=17&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2005-05-05&aulast=Spake%2C+Amanda&atitle=THE+WORLD+OF+CHEF+JORGE.&title=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DUSN%26scope%3Dsite&volume=138&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","U.S. News & World Report",null,"Journal Article","health",1,1,2,"Healhy school lunches ",2,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T920,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T920,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Krisberg, Kim",2005,"New York City Affiliate creating agenda for a healthier city","This article reports on a collaboration among public health stakeholders across New York City to improve the health of residents which resulted from the efforts of the Public Health Association of New York City (PHANYC), as of May 2005. Officially launched during the fall conference of the affiliate in November 2004, the PHANYC Agenda for a Healthy New York is a multi-year project of the PHANYC to develop a set of public health goals that groups and individuals will use to guide their work. The agenda received a significant boost early this year after receiving a $50,000 grant from New York Community Trust. The money will support agenda activities and allow the affiliate to hire a part-time project coordinator. The agenda was developed as an avenue for strengthening the affiliate and its contents were inspired by Healthy People 2010, the health objectives of the nation for the current decade, as well as the Take Care New York Agenda, which was developed by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. During the first stage of the agenda, which has already begun, PHANYC members as well as outside participants formed work groups around six areas, including nutrition and physical activity, environmental health, reproductive health, substance abuse and mental health, education and housing. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=17&pkgName=heh&issn=0028-0496&linkclass=to_article&jKey=NAH&issue=4&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2005-05-05&aulast=Krisberg%2C+Kim&atitle=New+York+City+Affiliate+creating+agenda+for+a+healthier+city.&title=Nation%27s+Health&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DNAH%26scope%3Dsite&volume=35&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Nation's Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"multi-year health improvement programme",7,"collaborative programme",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T921,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T921,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Tucker, Brian",2004,"Mayor does well by backing smoking ban","While mayor Jane Campbell and her administration have been unable to hit a home run on economic development just yet, Herronner deserves high praise for her stance on a citywide smoking ban in bars, restaurants and public places. The mayor, whose health department's advisory panel on the topic suggested such action last May, now asks that the same panel help educate Cleveland citizens how a smoking ban would improve public health and not hurt businesses. It's disappointing that City Council President Frank Jackson dismissed it, saying the legislative body had other priorities. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=10&pkgName=heh&issn=0197-2375&linkclass=to_article&jKey=CCB&issue=35&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2004-08-04&aulast=Tucker%2C+Brian&atitle=mayor+does+well+by+backing+smoking+ban.&title=Crain%27s+Cleveland+Business&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DCCB%26scope%3Dsite&volume=25&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Crain's Cleveland Business",null,"Journal Article","health",1,7,2,"citywide smoking ban in bars, restaurants and public places",2,"legislation",4,0,1,"Cleveland, Ohio",51,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T922,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Cleveland"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T922,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCleveland",1,1,0]
["Boss-Bicak, Shira",2004,"Schools winning the food fight","A year ago, mealtime was a stale operation in New York City schools. Lunchrooms were as inspired as factory assembly lines, and food came from many different distributors, with inexplicable markups on the prices. The Department of Education, which serves students 800,000 meals a day, admits that the school food program wasn't the most appetizing, healthy or efficient system. To remedy that, as part of Schools Chancellor Joel Klein's broad reform efforts, the department has brought in new management, including an executive food director and executive chef recruited from private industry, hired a consulting firm and embarked on an overhaul. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=18&pkgName=heh&issn=8756-789X&linkclass=to_article&jKey=CNY&issue=31&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2004-08-04&aulast=Boss-Bicak%2C+Shira&atitle=Schools+winning+the+food+fight.&title=Crain%27s+New+York+Business&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3DCNY%26scope%3Dsite&volume=20&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Crain's New York Business",null,"Journal Article","health",1,1,2,"overhaul of school meal system",2,"City Hall",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T923,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T923,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Tibbetts, John",2003,"Building Civic Health","Focuses on the 'Healthy Cities' movement, a worldwide initiative that promotes quality-of-life factors that can help a community improve its social, physical and cultural environment. Conception of the movement in 1984; World Health Organization's (WHO)initiation of the Healthy Cities Project in 1986; Facilitation of Healthy Cities programs. L2 - Available from EBSCOhost in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=A400&pkgName=heh&issn=0091-6765&linkclass=to_article&jKey=3B5&issue=7&provider=EBSCOhost&date=2003-06-03&aulast=Tibbetts%2C+John&atitle=Building+Civic+Health.&title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&linkScheme=ebscoh&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Fdirect.asp%3Fdb%3Dheh%26jid%3D3B5%26scope%3Dsite&volume=111&dbKey=heh&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best L2 - Available from National Library of Medicine in http://link.worldcat.org/?rft.institution_id=129766&spage=A400&pkgName=UKPMCFT&issn=0091-6765&linkclass=to_article&jKey=657&issue=7&provider=NLM&date=2003-06-03&aulast=Tibbetts%2C+John&atitle=Building+Civic+Health.&title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.content=fulltext%2Cprint&eissn=1552-9924&linkScheme=epmc&jHome=http%3A%2F%2Feuropepmc.org%2Fjournals%2F657%2F&volume=111&rft.order_by=preference&linktype=best","y","Environmental Health Perspectives",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Healthy Cities momement",2,"WHO Healthy City Programme",9,2,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T924,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T924,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Keall, Michael; Chapman, Ralph; Howden-Chapman, Philippa",2015,"Increasing active travel : results of a quasi-experimental study of an intervention to encourage walking and cycling","BACKGROUND: There is increased interest in the effectiveness and cobenefits of measures to promote walking and cycling, including health gains from increased physical activity and reductions in fossil fuel use and vehicle emissions. This paper analyses the changes in walking and cycling in two New Zealand cities that accompanied public investment in infrastructure married with programmes to encourage active travel. METHOD: Using a quasi-experimental two-group pre-post study design, we estimated changes in travel behaviour from baseline in 2011 to mid-programme in 2012, and postprogramme in 2013. The intervention and control cities were matched in terms of sociodemographic variables and baseline levels of walking and cycling. A face-to-face survey obtained information on walking and cycling. We also drew from the New Zealand Travel Survey, a national ongoing survey of travel behaviour, which was conducted in the study areas. Estimates from the two surveys were combined using meta-analysis techniques. RESULTS: The trips and physical activity were evaluated. Relative to the control cities, the odds of trips being by active modes (walking or cycling) increased by 37 per cent (95 per cent CI 8 per cent to 73 per cent) in the intervention cities between baseline and postintervention. The net proportion of trips made by active modes increased by about 30 per cent. In terms of physical activity levels, there was little evidence of an overall change. DISCUSSION: Comparing the intervention cities with the matched controls, we found substantial changes in walking and cycling, and conclude that the improvements in infrastructure and associated programmes appear to have successfully arrested the general decline in active mode use evident in recent years. [Abstract]","n","duplicate",null,"Journal Article","health",1,29,2,"public investment in infrastructure to support active travel",2,"policy",1,0,0,"2 Cities in New Zealand",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T925,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T925,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",40,5,1]
["not stated","not stated","Transforming healthcare in England’s core cities",null,"y",null,null,"Journal Article","quality of healtcare",2,40,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T926,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T926,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Alcorn, Ted",2012,"Redefining public health in New York City","New York City's life expectancy is rising faster than anywhere else in the USA, as its health department pioneers tactics that could transform the practice of public health. Ted Alcorn reports. [Introduction]","y","Lancet",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"health department programme",0,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T927,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T927,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Rydin, Yvonne",2012,"Shaping cities for health: complexity and the planning of urban environments in the 21st century","The complexity of achieving urban health improvement through urban planning policy is investigated. Increasing global urbanisation renders increasingly important the analysis of how health outcomes can be ameliorated by altering the physical fabric of towns and cities. The health advantages of cities and the contribution of the Healthy Cities movement are discussed. Key features of a healthy city are identified. A complex systems approach is advocated for analysing and promoting healthy cities. Case studies covering sanitation and wastewater management; building standards and indoor air quality; urban transportation and mobility;the urban heat island effect; and urban agriculture initiatives are used to highlight the complexities of urban systems and to understand factors linking urban planning and healthier outcomes. Recommendations from the UCL Lancet Commission include increased communication between urban planners and public health specialists, a focus on health inequalities in urban areas, changes to the urban environment to maintain the urban advantage and increased local experimentation in a range of projects. Cites 285 references.","y","Lancet",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"changes to the physical environment",2,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,2,0,"Various City examples",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T928,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T928,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Farley, Thomas",2011,"A healthier urban jungle","Record in progress New York City is using policy and economics to improve its 'food environment'. [Journal abstract]","y","Scientific American",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Policy and economics are used to improve Food environment in NYC",2,"DoHMH",1,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T929,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T929,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Beck, S. A.; Hanlon, P. W.",2010,"How will area regeneration impact on health? : learning from the GoWell study","OBJECTIVES: To establish the theoretical and perceived links between area regeneration and health in a Scottish context in order to inform a comprehensive evaluation of regeneration activity. The evaluation will include health outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Mixed method combining and comparing key informant interviews with policy analysis. METHODS: Analysis of identified links between elements of regeneration activity and health was undertaken of published policies and strategies which described regeneration for Scotland and the city of Glasgow. Interviews with key informants explored their understanding of the inputs to regeneration, and the pathways between regeneration and better health outcomes. RESULTS: The policy analysis and interviews revealed a holistic approach to a complex problem. Both identified a need for action to improve housing, neighbourhoods and services, education, employment, community participation and social issues. Improved health was identified as an emergent property. Interviewees identified a need to augment the established structural components with a more person-centred approach, fostering confidence and higher aspirations, but were uncertain how to achieve this. The interviews revealed a lack of confidence that current practice would deliver all the components of the holistic model. CONCLUSIONS: A holistic model of regeneration appears to inform policy, but is proving difficult to deliver. Improved health and reduced health inequalities were not primary objectives but emergent properties. In light of this, the ability of regeneration to actively maximize positive health impacts, particularly if this requires focused planning or opportunity costs to other activities, is questioned. [Abstract]","y","Public Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"establish the theoretical and perceived links between area regeneration and health",2,"regeneration",1,0,0,"glasgow",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T930,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T930,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",50,3,0]
["not stated",2010,"Community wellness: comprehensive city-school strategies to reduce childhood obesity: a report on the city and school leaders collaborating on local wellness policies project","Rising rates of childhood obesity in the USA over the last 30 years are putting more people at risk of developing serious health problems including heart disease, high blood pressure, type two diabetes and orthopaedic conditions. This report describes the 'City and School Leaders Collaborating on Local Wellness Policies Project' which aimed to encourage healthy lifestyles in several cities including: Charleston, South Carolina; La Mesa, California; Oakland, California; San Antonio, Texas; Jackson, Tennessee; and Savannah, Georgia. It outlines the most successful projects from each region including: an economic strategy in Charleston that invested money in developing farmers' markets, school partnerships and physical activities such as cycling; a local wellness campaign in Jackson; improving and promoting the 'walkability' of the environment in La Mesa; encouraging healthy eating by improving access to healthy food in Oakland; encouraging a programme of healthy living and healthy eating in San Antonio and uniting local organisations in planning healthy lifestyles in Savannah.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,1,2,"Various initiatives under banner of 'City and School Leaders Collaborating on Local Wellness Policies Project' ",0,"policy",1,2,0,"Charleston, South Carolina; La Mesa California; Oakland, California; San Antonio, Texas; Jackson, Tennessee; Savannah, Georgia",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T931,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T931,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Plumer, D.",2010,"Evaluating the implementation of the WHO Healthy Cities Programme across Germany (1999-2002)","The WHO Healthy Cities Project (1988) is a well-known example of the setting-based approach to health promotion. Developed as a framework for translating the key principles of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986) into practice, it is best characterised as a process for successfully encouraging healthy public policy. In 2001, the German Healthy Cities Network (HCN) commissioned a survey of the 52 local Healthy Cities programme Coordinators (HCC) to monitor progress and identify strengths and weaknesses associated with its implementation. Most (90%; 47/52) HCC participated in the survey. Several positive aspects of the Health Cities Programmes (HCP) in Germany were identified: during the first five years, it expanded rapidly; project coordinators felt highly engaged, despite limited resources; a combination of traditional and innovative approaches was adopted and applauded; and almost 75% of HCC felt that their efforts had been beneficial. Nonetheless, the following shortcomings were identified: increased resources required; greater clarification of concepts and strategies at the local level; stronger commitment to the Nine-Point Programme of Action; greater integration within the national HCN and the local political administrative system (PATIENTS); better programme documentation and evaluation. In conclusion, the HCN in Germany has expanded and developed since its inception 20 years ago. German HCP will only improve if professionalism and quality of local work are improved, particularly in terms of strengthening their influence on the local PAS and on public policies. Cites numerous references. [Journal abstract]","y","Health Promotion International",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy Cities in Germany",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,5,0,"Several German Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T932,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T932,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",28,3,0]
["Silva-Sanigorski, M. de",2010,"Reducing obesity in early childhood: results from Romp & Chomp, an Australian community-wide intervention program","There is growing evidence that community-based interventions can reduce childhood obesity in older children. The authors aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Romp & Chomp intervention in reducing obesity and promoting healthy eating and active play in children aged nought to five years. Romp & Chomp was a community-wide, multi-setting, multi-strategy intervention conducted in Australia from 2004 to 2008. The intervention occurred in a large regional city (Geelong) with a target group of 12,000 children and focused on community capacity building and environmental (political, socio-cultural, and physical) changes to increase healthy eating and active play in early-childhood care and educational settings. The evaluation was repeat cross-sectional with a quasi-experimental design and comparison sample. Main outcome measures were body mass index (BMI). Standardised BMI (zBMI; according to the Centres for Disease Control and prevention 2000 reference charts), and prevalence of overweight/obesity and obesity-related behaviours in children aged two and 3.5 years. The results were, after the intervention there was a significantly lower means weight, BMI, and zBMI in the 3.5-year-old sub-sample and a significantly lower prevalence of overweight/obesity in both the two- and 3.5-year-old sub-samples (by 2.5 and 3.4 percentage points, respectively) than in the comparison sample (a difference of 0.7 percentage points; P < 0.05) compared with baseline values. Intervention child-behavioural data showed a significantly lower intake of packaged snacks (by 0.23 serving), fruit juice (0.52 serving), and cordial (0.43 serving) than that in the comparison sample (all P < 0.05). The conclusion was a community-wide multi-setting, multi-strategy intervention in early-childhood settings can reduce childhood obesity and improve young children's diets. Cites 51 references. [Journal abstract]","y","American Journal of Clinical Nutrition",null,"Journal Article","health",1,1,2,"Community based intervention - Romp & Chomp - to reduce obesity.  It was community-wide, multi-setting, multi-strategy intervention",7,"focused on community capacity building and environmental (political, socio-cultural, and physical) changes to increase healthy eating and active play",1,0,0,"Geelong",75,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T933,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Geelong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T933,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},"AustraliaGeelong",9,5,2]
["Sturm, Roland",2009,"Zoning for health? The year-old ban on new fast-food restaurants in South LA","A regulation banning new fast-food establishments for one year in Los Angeles, California, was passed unanimously by the city council in July 2008. It was motivated by health concerns and excessive obesity rates in South Los Angeles. However, it might not have had the impact that was intended. This paper reviews the empirical evidence for the regulation and whether it is likely to target the primary levers of obesity. The authors argue that the premises for the ban were questionable. For example, the density of fast-food chain restaurants per capita is actually higher in other parts of Los Angeles than in South LA. Other changes, such as menu calorie labelling, are likely to have a bigger impact on overweight and obesity. Cites 17 references. [Journal abstract]","n","Health Affairs",null,"Journal Article","duplicate record",1,1,2,"A regulation banning new fast-food establishments for one year in Los Angeles",2,"regulation",4,0,0,"Los Angeles, California",118,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T934,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Los Angeles"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T934,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaLos Angeles",1,1,0]
["not stated",2007,"Healthcare for London : a framework for action","Health Minister Professor Lord Ara Darzi's vision is that the inhabitants of a world-class city should not have to settle for anything less than world-class healthcare. He believes that health services have improved for Londoners, in particular waiting times in A&E and for routine operations, but that many aspects of NHS services are not as good as they should be. The recently published 'A framework for action' sets out his findings from a wide-ranging review of London's healthcare. This briefing looks at the key findings and recommendations from the review. It sets out Lord Darzi's vision for healthcare in London over the next ten years and explores the national implications. [Introduction]","y","London NHS Confederation Briefing",null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"comprehensive plan to improve healthcare in London",7,"not stated",1,0,2,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T935,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T935,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["not stated",2007,"A framework for action","London is a world-class city and Londoners deserve a world-class healthcare system. But, though there are many areas of real excellence in London, of which we should be proud, worldclass care is not currently what every Londoner can expect. There are stark inequalities in health outcomes across London, and the quality and safety of patient care is not always as good as it could, and should, be. This report makes recommendations for change. It is based on a thorough, practitioner-led process, and rooted in evidence - gathered from a wide range of people and organisations from the world of healthcare and from the NHS's partners in local government and beyond, from thorough reviews of the literature and data, and from the use of a range of analytical modelling techniques. It also reflects a major exercise to hear what Londoners say they want from their healthcare system. It sets out a compelling ten-year vision for healthcare in London. Cites numerous references. [Book abstract]","n",null,null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"comprehensive plan to improve healthcare in London",7,"not stated",1,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T936,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T936,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Gould, A.",2007,"The New York City palliative care quality improvement collaborative","Care for persons living with fatal chronic conditions is expensive and challenging, and can be unreliable. A quality improvement collaborative was conducted to develop capacity among health care providers in a single geographic area - New York City - to apply quality improvement methodology to palliative care services. The Palliative Care Quality Improvement Collaborative (PC-QulC) modified the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Breakthrough Series model by delivering four year-long implementation cycles, with 18-24 teams in each wave and 82 teams overall. Substantial improvements were noted in most of the team projects (advance care planning, pain, family support, coordination of care), and substantial gains were made in familiarity with continuous quality improvement (CQI) techniques and in building palliative care programmes and networks. Collaborative rapid-cycle QI projects in a limited geographic area can be efficient in building and sustaining improved care for persons nearing the end of their lives, especially when the work involves the broad range of organisations that care for this patient population. PC-QulC's experience illustrates the growing strength of palliative care services, but also demonstrates the challenges that confront further refinement and expansion of high-quality palliative care. [Journal abstract]","y","Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety",null,"Journal Article","quality of care",2,45,2,"The Palliative Care Quality Improvement Collaborative (PC-QulC) ",3,"QI",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T937,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T937,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Economos, D.",2007,"A community intervention reduces BMI z-score in children: Shape Up Somerville first year results","The objective was to test the hypothesis that a community-based environmental change intervention could prevent weight gain in young children (7.6 plus/minus 1.0 years). A non-randomised controlled trial was conducted in three culturally diverse urban cities in Massachusetts. Somerville was the intervention community; two socio-demographically-matched cities were control communities. Children (n = 1,178) in grades one to three attending public elementary schools participated in an intervention designed to bring the energy equation into balance by increasing physical activity options and availability of healthful foods within the before-, during-, after-school, home, and community environments. Many groups and individuals within the community (including children, parents, teachers, school food service providers, city departments, policy makers, healthcare providers, before-, and after-school programmes, restaurants, and the media) were engaged in the intervention. The main outcome measure was change in BMI z-score. At baseline, 44% (n = 385), 36% (n = 561), and 43% (n = 232) of children were above the 85th percentile for BMI z-score in the intervention and the two control communities, respectively. In the intervention community, BMI z-score decreased by -0.1005 (p = 0.001, 95% confidence interval, -0.1151 to -0.0859) compared with children in the control communities after controlling for baseline covariates. A community-based environmental change intervention deceased BMI z-score in children at high risk for obesity. These results are significant given the obesigenic environmental backdrop against which the intervention occurred. This model demonstrates promise for communities throughout the country confronted with escalating childhood obesity rates. Cites 61 references. [Journal abstract]","y","Obesity",null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"community-based environmental change intervention to prevent weight gain in young children (diet and exercise)",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Somerville",192,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T938,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Somerville"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T938,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSomerville",1,1,2]
["Miller, Nancy",2005,"Effectiveness of a large-scale distribution programme of free nicotine patches : a prospective evaluation","BACKGROUND: After an increase in cigarette taxes and implementation of smoke-free workplace legislation, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, the New York State Department of Health, and the Roswell Park Cancer Institute undertook large-scale distribution of free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). We did a six month follow-up survey to assess the success of this programme in improving smoking cessation on a population basis. METHODS: 34,090 eligible smokers who phoned a toll-free quitline were sent a six-week course of nicotine patches (two weeks each of 21 mg, 14 mg, and seven mg per day). Brief follow-up counselling calls were attempted. At six months after treatment, we assessed smoking status of 1,305 randomly sampled NRT recipients and a non-randomly selected comparison group of eligible smokers who, because of mailing errors, did not receive the treatment. NRT recipients were compared with local survey-derived data for heavy smokers in New York City. FINDINGS: An estimated five per cent of all adults in New York City who smoked ten cigarettes or more daily received NRT; most (64 per cent) recipients were non-white, foreign-born, or resided in a low-income neighbourhood. Of individuals contacted at six months, more NRT recipients than comparison group members successfully quit smoking (33 per cent vs. six per cent, p<0.0001), and this difference remained significant after adjustment for demographic factors and amount smoked (odds ratio 8.8, 95 per cent CI 4.4-17.8). Highest quit rates were associated with those who were foreign born (87 [39 per cent]), older than 65 years (40 [47 per cent]), and smoked less than 20 cigarettes per day (116 [35 per cent]). Those who received a counselling call were more likely to stop smoking than those who did not (246 [38 per cent] vs 189 [27 per cent], p=0.001). With the conservative assumption that every 6-month follow-up survey non-respondent continued to smoke, the stop rate among NRT recipients was 20 per cent. At least 6,038 successful quits were attributable to NRT receipt, and cost was US$464 per quit. INTERPRETATION: Easy access to cessation medication for diverse populations could help many more smokers to stop. 1 fig. 2 tables 34 refs. [Abstract]","y","Lancet",null,"Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"large-scale distribution programme of free nicotine patches",3,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T939,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T939,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Devereux, Gerard",2004,"Manchester: policies, strategies and approaches for urban health care and health services delivery","The city of Manchester in the UK has a population of 430,000 but the surrounding suburbs of Greater Manchester houses 2.5 million people. The economic success of the city is not however reflected in the communities of Greater Manchester. The statistics show that 27 of the electoral wards are among the 10% most deprived in the entire UK. The people of Manchester have the lowest life expectancy in England and are 31% more likely to die of cancer and 28% more susceptible to heart disease. Suicide and accident rates exceed the national average. Statistics on the city itself show that it is ethnically diverse. The effort to improve the health of the population is related to other issues such as housing and transport included in a Manchester Community Strategy. A number of partnerships include one that addresses health inequalities, initiated in April 2002. The role of the NHS in Manchester is described in detail.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"policies, strategies and approaches for urban health care and health services delivery",7,"policy",1,0,0,"Manchester",125,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T940,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Manchester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T940,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandManchester",3,3,0]
["Davies, Helen",2004,"Strategic action to improve health: London's experience","London is a city with a population of 7.5 million and this total is expected to grow to more than 8 million within fifteen years. Other statistics show that the average age of the London population is reducing, not increasing. London is a wealthy city with a gross domestic product of 180 billion, but the contrast between affluence and poverty is marked and supported by statistics. These statistics show that 43% of children in London and a third of older people live below the official poverty line. Unemployment figures for London exceed the UK average. The administration of London is relatively new with a mayor and a Greater London Authority now responsible for a budget of 7.5 billion. Among other strategies developed by the administration is one referred to as the London Plan, which recognises that a growing London requires more housing and infrastructure development. A detailed assessment of the London Plan is given here.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"Strategic action to improve health",7,"policy",1,0,1,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T941,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T941,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Turner, Sukhi",2004,"Cooperative service delivery systems to help improve city health: examples from Dunedin City","Dunedin city in New Zealand is a small city with a population of 123,000. The city has a large student population, estimated here at 20,000. Health issues in the city mirror those of many western cities with obesity and an ageing population highlighted. The basis of health systems in Dunedin is a national document known as the New Zealand Health Strategy (NZHS). This strategy addresses a wide range of health issues, many related to lifestyle diseases brought about by smoking, poor nutrition and lack of exercise. NZHS also aims to move health services away from commercialism to a more unified and cooperative system. An increasing divide between the well off and the poor is noted. The reduction of inequality is a pivotal objective. The small size of the city is regarded as an advantage in health reforms because agency cooperation is seen to be much easier. A number of city health initiatives are described.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","inequalities in health",1,3,2,"Strategic action to improve health",7,"policy",1,0,0,"Dunedin",64,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T942,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Dunedin"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T942,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"New Zealand"},"New ZealandDunedin",40,5,0]
["Kallenbach, Annemarie",2003,"Process improvement for asthma : an integrated approach","At least 18 million people in the United States have asthma. Despite the publication of national guidelines, the delivery of care has not substantially changed. This article describes a program at Chicago city sites to improve the delivery of care to adults and children with asthma. Using consistent comprehensive patient education materials, innovative provider education, and a variety of continuous quality improvement interventions including creation of a designated practitioner, this project enhances partnership between patients and health care providers. 2 figs. 4 tables 13 refs. [Abstract]","y","Journal of Nursing Care Quality",null,"Journal Article","Asthma",1,5,2,"Improve the delivery of care to adults and children with asthma",3,"Service redesign",3,0,0,"chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T943,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T943,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",1,1,0]
["Levenson, Ros",2003,"London's state of mind: King's Fund mental health inquiry 2003","London's State of Mind presents the findings of a two-year King's Fund inquiry - involving consultations with mental health service users, carers, staff and policymakers - into mental health needs and services in a big, culturally diverse city with pockets of intense deprivation. It investigates whether mental health care has improved since a 1997 King's Fund inquiry expressed serious concerns about services under extreme pressure, including long delays and gaps in key areas such as crisis support. The report offers a comprehensive overview of substantial changes to policy and governance structures in London and nationally since 1997, and probes the special challenges posed by London's population. It proposes key areas for development, such as a London-wide strategy, primary care commissioning, and improved financial and services information. Cites numerous references. [Book abstract]","y",null,null,"Journal Article","mental health",1,25,2,"enquiry into mental health needs, services and improvements in London",0,"not stated",1,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T944,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T944,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Nixon, Debbie",2003,"Managing mental health in primary care: a partnership approach","Primary care has been placed at the cornerstone of the National Health Service. Shifting the Balance of Power identifies primary care trusts as having the lead role in developing strategic partnerships to improve the health of local communities. The mental health agenda is challenging for primary care as both a commissioner and provider of services. One of the challenges is to provide a model of care that offers an improved single point of access, is integrated with all components of effective care and enhances outcomes for service users. Primary care is the major provider of mental health services in the United Kingdom with 90% of patients with mental health problems treated solely in this section. The National Service Framework for Mental Health outlines an ambitious programme of development incorporating seven national standards. Primary care organisations (PCOs) have lead responsibility for standards 2 and 3 relating to access and effective treatments. Chester City PCO commissioned and developed a multidisciplinary mental health team in primary care capable of delivering care across the continuum of mental health problems for the adult population aged 16-65 years, which became fully operational in April 2001. The model is organised around four groups or clusters of practices, each covering a population of approximately 25,000. Each cluster has a linked clinical team leader, deputy and support worker providing a single point of access for primary care referrals in the practices, a 'signposting' function, specialist assessment and delivery of a range of therapeutic interventions. It would appear that such a multidisciplinary mental health team in primary care, comprising specialist mental health workers, is capable of providing rapid access, managing the continuum of mental health problems and interfacing effectively with a range of key partner organisations. Early findings demonstrate that this model delivers measurable benefits to service users and primary care professionals and may potentially reduce the utilisation of specialist services. It would appear that the reconfiguration of the service has offered considerable scope to meet the challenging national imperatives required by the newly emerging PCOs. Cites 11 references. [Journal abstract]","y","Primary Care Mental Health",null,"Journal Article","mental health in primary care",2,25,2,"managing mental health in primary care through multidisciplinary teams",3,"commissioned",6,0,0,"Chester",49,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T945,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Chester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T945,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandChester",3,3,1]
["Hampshire, Mary",2002,"On the streets","A pilot personal medical services scheme for homeless people in Chester aims to provide health promotion and improve access to services in collaboration with other agencies. The pilot project, funded by Chester City Primary Care Group, provides a full-time nurse clinician, GP and community psychiatric nurse. The medical team work from a day centre for the homeless, but a medical centre for homeless people is planned. 'Flu and other vaccinations are provided, together with immunisation programmes and advice on sexual health and minimising self-harm. A hand-held directory of local contacts for homeless people has been developed and the introduction of hand-held medical records is being considered. A report from Shelter, a national campaign group for the homeless, highlights the importance of a partnership approach in helping homeless people due to the prevalence of mental health problems and the difficulties they encounter in accessing health services when they need them.","y","Nursing Standard",null,"Journal Article","Health for homeless people",2,0,2,"medical services scheme for homeless",3,"commissioend by PCT",6,2,0,"Chester",49,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T946,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Chester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T946,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandChester",3,3,1]
["Tsouros, D.",2001,"Urban Health and Healthy Cities : WHO's plans for the future","The author highlights key attributes of W.H.O.'s Phase III Strategy for Urban Health and Healthy cities in the context of modern thinking on health and sustainable development and a rapidly changing policy making environment. 1 fig. [KJ]","y","Eurohealth",null,"Journal Article","WHO Urban Health and Health Cities",1,0,2,"WHO healthy cities",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T947,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T947,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Laughlin, Sue",2001,"The Sandyford Initiative : creating added value to health and health care","The Sandyford Initiative in Glasgow brings together Family Planning, Genitourinary Medicine and the Centre for Women's Health in a new partnership which aims to provide integrated health and social care in a manner which reflects a social model of health. The Steve Retson Project for Gay Men's Sexual Health is also situated within the Sandyford, providing clinical services within the context of a social model of health. The Initiative is managed by the Greater Glasgow Primary Care NHS Trust but has been developed as a result of joint working between three main services, Greater Glasgow Health Board, Glasgow City Council and a number of voluntary organisations. By working to a social model of health, the intention is to ensure that the detection and management of health problems takes into account the social and economic determinants of health and that the provision and practice of health care reflects the social needs of the user. As such the Initiative is expected to make a significant contribution to the sexual health of men and women and the general and reproductive health of women in the Greater Glasgow area and beyond. The core of the Initiative is housed in premises tailored to the needs of the services and their users although satellite services are being planned. In addition to the core clinical and non-clinical care there are services designed to respond to the needs of specific groups such as young people, black and ethnic minority communities and disabled people, in order to improve access and uptake by previously marginalised groups. It is recognised that often the relationship between health and social service providers and their users becomes strained. Implementation of the Sandyford Initiative is intended to inspire confidence and contribute effectively to improving health and managing complex health problems. 10 refs. [Abstract]","y","Health Bulletin",null,"Journal Article","sexual health",2,47,2,"integrated health and social care for sexual health",3,"service redesign",2,2,0,"Glasgow",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T948,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T948,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",50,3,0]
["Coote, Anna; Tennant, Ruth",2001,"Health and London governance","In this article, the authors trace the emergence of a pan-London approach to health improvement through a series of steps, including the establishment of the London Health Commission. They outline the beginnings of a cross-sectoral strategy for London's health and describe the first health impact assessments of new pan-London initiatives, including strategies for London's transport and economic development. They consider the scrutiny powers of the London Assembly and explore the implications for London of devolution and emerging regionalism in the UK. Finally, they draw on international comparisons to see how other city-wide authorities have used whatever means they have at their disposal to improve health. 25 refs. [Introduction amended and abbreviated]","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Health and Improvement",1,0,2,"health improvement",7,"not stated",0,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T949,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T949,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Simpson, A. N.",2001,"The Sheffield experiment: the effects of centralising accident and emergency services in a large urban setting","The objectives of the study were to assess the effects of centralisation of accident and emergency (A&E) services in a large urban setting. The end points were the quality of patient care judged by time to see a doctor or nurse practitioner, time to admission and the cost of the A&E service as a whole. Sheffield is a large industrial city with a population of 471,000. In 1994 Sheffield health authority took a decision to centralise a number of services including the A&E services. This study presents data collected over a three year period before, during and after the centralisation of adult A&E services from two sites to one site and the centralisation of children's A&E services to a separate site. A minor injury unit was also established along with an emergency admissions unit. The study used information from the A&E departments' computer system and routinely available financial data. Centralisation of A&E services in Sheffield has led to concentration of the most ill patients in a single adult department and separate paediatric A&E department. Despite a greatly increased number of admissions at the adult site this change has not resulted in increased waiting times for admission because of the transfer of adequate beds to support the changes. There has however been a deterioration in the time to see a clinician, especially in the A&E departments. The waiting times at the minor injury unit are very short. Cites 13 references. [Journal abstract - objectives, methods and conclusion only]","y","Emergency Medicine Journal",null,"Journal Article","A&E",2,23,2,"centralisation of accident and emergency (A&E) services ",3,"Strategic Health Authority Commissioned",6,3,0,"Sheffield",193,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T950,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sheffield"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T950,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandSheffield",3,3,0]
["Kendall, Liz",2000,"Health and the London Mayor : learning from other cities : a discussion paper prepared for a King's Fund workshop February 2000","This paper analyses the experiences of other city-wide authorities in the UK and internationally in improving health. It sets out which cities were studied and why, outlines the different ways in which mayors work to affect change, identifies the available evidence of action to improve health in selected cities, and explores the extent to which these experiences may be relevant to London. [Introduction abbreviated]","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"Research",7,0,1,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T951,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T951,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Davies, Anne; Kendall, Elizabeth",2000,"Improving London's health : the role of the Greater London Authority","The Greater London Authority, which provides London with its first directly elected mayor, has important strategic powers and responsibilities that include a duty to improve the health of Londoners. This report considers how the GLA can best contribute to health improvement and to reducing health inequalities across the capital. It examines the powers and responsibilities of the mayor and Assembly, the main health issues affecting Londoners, and the experiences of other city-wide authorities in the UK, North America and Europe. It analyses policy options and sets out recommendations for developing the role of the GLA in improving London's health. [Executive summary]","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health and health inequalities",1,0,2,"Policy options and sets out recommendations for developing the role of the GLA in improving London's health. ",0,"Research",1,1,1,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T952,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T952,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["not stated",2000,"Declaration for health in the millennium : priorities for the Mayor and GLA : draft","The King's Fund has carried out an international survey of health initiatives by city-wide authorities and analysed the potential of the new Greater London Authority. In this draft version of priorities for action on health, the King's Fund states that the Mayor and GLA should: tackle health inequalities; regenerate deprived areas; create a healthy transport strategy; cut crime and improve community safety; and involve Londoners and establish effective partnerships. This work has been carried out as part of a King's Fund project 'Improving the Health of Londoners : the potential for the Mayor and the GLA'. [SMD]","n",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"An international survey of health initiatives by city-wide authorities and analysis of the potential of the new Greater London Authority.",0,"Research",7,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T953,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T953,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Lavery, Kath",2000,"Partnerships for public consultation: a way forward?","This chapter describes how the NHS is working in partnership with local authorities to achieve an effective public consultation strategy in Hull. The process has been aided by the fact that Hull City Council already had a structure for public participation in place. This structure included citizens' panels, area committees and advice centres. Primary care groups and the local HA have been incorporated into the Council's consultation mechanisms and are being encouraged to contribute their own skills and experience. It is hoped that this will result in a balanced partnership in which health and local government organisations can work together effectively by taking each others' differing needs into account. The chapter outlines lessons that can be learned from the Hull experience and shows how successful consultation through partnership can contribute to health improvement.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",2,0,2,"NHS partnership with local government",3,"collaboration",2,3,0,"Hull",92,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T954,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hull"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T954,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandHull",3,3,0]
["Laughlin, Sue",2000,"From theory to practice: the Glasgow experience","A strategy for developing the woman's health movement in Glasgow has been evolving since the Women's Health Fair in 1983 provided the catalyst for it. Many campaigns for change stemmed from this time with many events triggered in local communities. The movement became formalised under the WHO's 'Healthy Cities' Project in 1988 with a Women's Health Working Group set up to create women's health policy as a lever for change. Since then a Consultant in Public Health for Women's Health has been appointed. All this has had an impact on the health service including awareness raising; information for and about women; model well women services; and mental health strategies. Future progress is now reliant on consolidating existing work, maintaining links with agencies and recruiting like-minded staff. Cites 13 references.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Women's Health",1,0,2,"women's health policy",0,"Women's Health Working Group under WHO Healthy Cities",9,2,0,"Glasgow",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T955,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T955,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",15,3,0]
["Strobl, Judith",2000,"Achieving wider participation in strategic health planning: experience from the consultation phase of Liverpool's 'City Health Plan'","As a member of the World Health Organisation's Healthy Cities Project, Liverpool (UK) has developed an integrated plan to improve health, the City Health Plan (CHP). Based around the key areas of the former national health strategy for England, `The Health of the Nation', a draft CHP was developed by five task groups. Although multi-sectoral, these groups were not able to achieve the desired level of participation from the community, or from those working in health, local government or voluntary sectors. One of the main goals of the consultation was to redress this situation and achieve wider participation. The objective was to assess how adequately the consultation process carried out in Liverpool contributed to broad-based participation in the development of the city health plan. Subjects and methods: (i) Semi-structured interviews with 20 key informants and 17 facilitators who held consultation meetings in a variety of settings, and seven minority group contacts; (ii) Self-administered questionnaires to participants who had attended consultation meetings. So far as was possible, the design encouraged participation in defining the goals and content of the evaluation. Main question areas: Views on the importance of participation in planning; evaluation of the consultation against respondents' criteria for successful participation in the CHP; views on the purpose of the consultation, and on the methods used to publicise the CHP, inform participants about its purpose and content, and obtain their opinions about the plan. Questionnaires to those attending consultation meetings examined how adequately this process permitted participation in contribution to the final version of the plan. This was the most ambitious public policy consultation ever undertaken in Liverpool. There was wide agreement that participation was vital. Expectations varied considerably, but for many commitment and optimism co-existed with cynicism about real involvement and achieving change. The consultation was widely appreciated, but some aspects which might improve effectiveness were identified. Most important was having more opportunity for participants to understand and think through the implications of the CHP, and keeping people in contact with the process of revising the plan. There is a growing expectation for public policy to be multi-sectoral and participative: this study reports experiences of putting this into practice on a large scale. Despite people expressing mixed feelings there was a lot of support for the methods used. Clear aims about the level of participation sought, adequate resources, time and facilitation, and good two-way communication can be expected to provide for wider and more effective participation. However, given the investment of time and personnel deployed, this experience raises important questions about the feasibility of achieving wide participation in the development of urban (health) policy on a more routine basis. Cites numerous references. [Journal abstract]","y","Health Promotion International",null,"Journal Article","Health",1,0,2,"City Health Plan ",7,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,2,0,"Liverpool",112,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T956,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Liverpool"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T956,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLiverpool",3,3,0]
["Hull, S. A.",2000,"Lessons from the London initiative zone educational incentives funding: associations between characteristics, funding, and courses undertaken","Following the Tomlinson report of 1992, London Initiative Zone Educational Incentives (LIZEI) funding was introduced for a three-year period to improve recruitment, retention, and educational opportunities for general practitioners working within Inner London. The aim was to test the hypothesis that general practices that show evidence of good organisation achieved better access to LIZEI funding than less organised practices. The method was an observational practice-based study involving all 164 general practices in East London and the City Health Authority during the first two years of the scheme, April 1995 to March 1997. The authors concluded that larger practices, training practices, and those that demonstrated aspects of good practice organisation gained more LIZEI funding: an example of the `inverse funding law'. Practices within a multifund, based in the Newham locality, gained LIZEI funding regardless of practice organisation. Networks of practices, and, potentially, primary care groups, have a role in equalising the opportunities for education and development between practices in east London. Cites eight references. [Journal abstract - background, aim, method and conclusion only]","y","British Journal of General Practice",null,"Journal Article","recruitment, retention and education in primary care",2,38,2,"GP recruitment, retention and education",3,"LIZIE Funding",8,0,0,"London ",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T957,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T957,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Webster, Premila",1999,"Review of the \"City Health Profiles\" produced by WHO-Healthy Cities : do they present information on health and its determinants and what their perceived benefits?","The Healthy Cities Project (HCP) builds on the WHO definition of health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and has become an important WHO vehicle for promoting Health For All strategy at a local level. One of the requirements to be designated a \"Healthy City\" is to produce a City Health Profile (CHP), bringing together key information on health and its determinants. This would form the basis of a City Health Plan setting out strategies and intervention programmes to improve the population's health. The publication \"City Health Profiles: how to report on health in your city\" (produced by the WHO-CHP Technical Group following consultations with primary users) offered guidance on producing profiles. In 1996 a review of 21 CHPs was undertaken to examine whether they described health and its determinants. As CHPs were a requirement to be designated a \"healthy city\" the review also examined whether the Healthy Cities co-ordinators observed any benefits other than fulfilling the requirement for designation. 1 table 7 refs. [Introduction]","y","Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health",null,"Journal Article","healthy city metrics",1,35,2,"WHO healthy city metrics",4,"WHO Healthy Cities ",9,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T958,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T958,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,8,0]
["Hoggett, Paul; Barker, Ingrid; Razzaque, Konnie; Stewart, Murray",1999,"Urban regeneration and mental health in London","The King's Fund has come together in a consortium with the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health and the Department of Health to establish the 'Working Together in London initiative. This will commit 2 million in the years 1998-2000 to improve the integration of services for people with severe mental health problems in three areas of the capital. Aimed at encouraging the social inclusion of a highly vulnerable and marginalised group, Working Together in London will establish assertive outreach teams to work with severely mentally ill people. It will also seek to integrate the work of the teams with a range of local services - covering health care, social care, housing, training, employment and benefits. This research review was commissioned to help develop the thinking behind the initiative. The picture it paints of a lack of integration between the urban regeneration agenda and local mental health services is striking. It also points to the considerable potential to bring the two issues together and tackle the social exclusion of severely mentally ill people in our inner cities. [Preface abbreviated]","n",null,null,"Journal Article","SEMH",1,25,2,"outreach and integration",3,"funding and collaboraiton",8,2,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T959,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T959,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Ashton, John",1999,"Past and present public health in Liverpool","This review of public health in Liverpool tracks its development from the formation of the Liverpool Health of Towns Association in 1845 to the differing public health problems facing the city in the 1990s. Liverpool faced England's highest annual death rate in the 1840s prompting the city fathers to appoint the country's first Minister of Health. Details of the Mersey strategic framework and the 1984 report on health in the region are presented. The Healthy City Initiative of the early 1980s aimed to bring together different community sectors to benefit the public's health. It focused on specific settings, including prisons, schools, hospitals, workplaces and homes. The 1996 city health plan aims to tackle contemporary public health problems, including falling fertility, widespread longevity, the changing role of women, HIV/AIDS and drugs. Cites 28 references.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","public health",1,0,2,"health improvements",7,"not stated",0,0,0,"Liverpool",112,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T960,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Liverpool"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T960,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLiverpool",3,3,0]
["Speller, Viv",1999,"Promoting community health: developing the role of local government","As part of the Health Education Authority's (HEA's) new programme of Social Action Research in two city sites, this report presents the findings from a study commissioned by the HEA and the Local Government Management Board, in 1997, which investigated the potential for health promotion at local government level, using the social capital concept as a framework for action. In this small qualitative study 28 directors and senior managers of local authority departments were interviewed about their attitudes to working to promote health both within their departments and in partnership with other agencies. Among the issues covered by the interviewees were improving quality of life and reducing poverty and inequalities. The importance of working with the community and developing joint health strategies are discussed. The influence of policies such as Health for all 2000 and the Health of the Nation are considered and political influence and accountability issues discussed. Cites 22 references.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"examined local governments role in improving health",0,"not sttaed",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T961,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T961,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["de, Leeuw Evelyne",1999,"Healthy cities: urban social entrepreneurship for health","Social entrepreneurship is key to the success of health promotion and Healthy City development. An overview of entrepreneurial skills is provided, and a policy change model in which social entrepreneurs play a key role is described. The model has been tested in a selection of 10 European, officially WHO-designated, Healthy Cities. Recognition by the entrepreneur of the components of the model, and subsequent strategic action, indeed influenced urban policy agendas. However, the two cities that were most effective in doing so also had institutionalised their entrepreneurial capacities. This seems therefore the next challenge in health promotion. Cites numerous references. [Journal abstract]","y","Health Promotion International",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"social entrepreneurs role in improving health",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T962,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T962,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["not stated",1998,"Primary health care in cities : a whole systems approach","This pamphlet describes the whole systems approach taken by the London Health Partnership to achieve their aim of improving the well-being of older people by addressing long-standing problems of providing care and promoting health in cities. This summary was presented to the 1996 British Urban Regeneration Association Conference. [SMD]","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,38,2,"primary health care",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T963,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T963,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["M Bardsley, \n",1998,"Health in the capital: a city-wide perspective","There are a number of features which characterise the health of Londoners and this report aims to highlight these, to analyse some of the reasons why these problems are not being adequately addressed, and to suggest some improvements and policy implications for changes in strategic working. Approximately 39% of Inner London's population comprises young people between the ages of 20 and 40 which is a far higher proportion than is seen nationally. As a consequence, many of the health problems in the city concern young people, including HIV/AIDS, substance use, teenage pregnancy and mental illness. The ethnic diversity of the capital also brings its own problems, mainly connected to deprivation, these include diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis. The health divide in London has widened in past years, with greater differences in morbidity and mortality. As well as the need to modernise and develop health services, the main barrier to change across the city has been organisational fragmentation. This report makes a number of recommendations to address this issue, including cross-agency working, joint accountability and more city-wide collaborative programmes.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"review of health and healthcare",7,"policy",1,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T964,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T964,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["P Bevan, ",1998,"The health of Londoners: a public health report for London","This report forms the first city-wide public health report for London, and is intended to complement the public health annual reports from the 16 health authorities. It examines morbidity and mortality rates across the city and relates these to both lifestyle factors and the other determinants of health. The main diseases that cause premature death in London are much the same as for the rest of the country, however, a number of features are specific to the city. The main one highlighted throughout this report, is the division between the poorest and the most affluent. A number of issues are discussed, including environmental factors, housing and transport, and specific concerns such as HIV and AIDS, drug use, child health and communicable disease. The report concludes that pan-London strategies and policies and far more joint work between the NHS and other agencies would reduce duplication and strengthen any health improvement initiatives.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"review of health",7,"policy",1,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T965,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T965,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["M Gill, ",1998,"Community-based trauma systems in the United States: an examination of structural development","The authors' objective was to examine the organisational, political, and community characteristics that facilitate or impede community progress in developing a coordinative network of health services for trauma delivery. A comparative case study design was used to examine trauma network development in six US cities with the population of 1,000,000 or more. Five key coordinative activities were selected for study. Each study site varied in the set of activities that had been implemented. The data used was information on the structure and composition of local trauma coordinating councils and interviews with a common set of informants in each site using a semi-structured interview protocol was the data used. Prior research has documented the importance of central actors and organisations in developing coordinative networks. The unique contribution of the authors' research is its insights on how central actors and organisations are more likely to motivate collaboration in situations where they lack control over the allocation of payments across involved organisations. Their research suggests that under these circumstances central players should focus their time and energy educating stakeholders and developing a shared understanding rather than using their centrality to improve a particular coordinative structure. To date, US trauma networks have served as models for other industrialised countries, and thus, lessons learned in the US about implementing interorganisational networks of trauma care can assist other countries achieve more effective coordination and avoid mistakes that impede progress. Cites numerous references. [Journal abstract - objective, study setting/design, data sources and conclusions only].","y","Social Science and Medicine",null,"Journal Article","emergency care",2,23,2,"trauma network",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"6 Cities (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T966,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T966,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"+V966&U966","v":"0no city or multiple cities stated"},1,1,0]
["David Towell",1997,"London health care: rethinking development: a discussion paper prepared for the King's Fund London Commission","This paper examines how health care in London can be developed to fully meet the complex needs of the city. It is intended to stimulate and inform discussion among politicians, health care managers and staff, and the public. It provides an overview of the challenges involved in the long-term development of London services, taking account of recent work to address those challenges, before discussing ways of rethinking the approaches to development. It argues that the changes required are unlikely to be secured either through central planning or through the operation of internal markets.It draws on the theoretical literature as well as interviews with people involved in London health care provision, to examine alternative approaches. It suggests that government and health agencies should work together to establish approaches which combine political leadership on tough issues with much greater emphasis on local inter-agency collaboration and participation of the full range of relevant stakeholders. Cites 42 references.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","improved healthcare",2,40,2,"improved healthcare",3,"policy",1,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T967,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T967,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["not stated",1994,"Quality of care activities in Danish hospitals","This article describes how hospitals in Denmark have tried to meet the quality challenge. How to improve health care has been a topic of debate in Denmark in the last decade, and various authorities and professional organisations have implemented quality improvement initiatives. A 1991 survey of Danish hospitals showed that methods of quality improvement and the responsibility for quality management were still issues in need of further clarification. This article illustrated the process of quality improvement using hospitals in the city of Copenhagen as examples. Cites 12 references. [Journal abstract].","y","Quality Management in Health Care",null,"Journal Article","quality of care",2,39,2,"QI in hospitals",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Copenhagen",55,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T968,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Copenhagen"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T968,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"denmark"},"denmarkCopenhagen",23,3,0]
["Farrell, Christine",1993,"Conflict and change : specialist care in London : a report of six meetings arranged to discuss the London Specialty Review reports","This report is based on public discussion of the six specialty reviews for London that were set up by the Secretary of State for Health earlier in 1993. In July 1993 the King's Fund arranged six meetings to encourage public debate about the outcomes of the independent reviews of specialty services in London: renal, children, cancer, plastic surgery and burns, neurosciences and cardiac. These reviews made recommendations for changes to the structure and organisation of tertiary care in London. This report records the debates and contributions from all those involved; it also comments on the difficulties which need to be overcome during the process of moving towards more accessible and better quality specialist care in London. It is valuable reading for clinicians, providers, purchasers, patient groups and representatives. The debates and the emerging issues will also be of interest to health care professionals and the public in other cities in the United Kingdom where the same pressures are at work. [Author]","y",null,null,"Journal Article","specialist heatlhcare",2,39,2,"review of specialist healthcare in London",3,"SoS review",1,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T969,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T969,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Smith, Jane",1993,"London after Tomlinson: reorganising big city medicine","This series was first published in the `British Medical Journal'. An introduction by the deputy editor, Jane Smith, outlines the issues addressed by the `Report of the inquiry into London's health service, medical education and research' (the Tomlinson report). Also included is an editorial by Virginia Beardshaw, `Tomlinson reports on London', published as an immediate response to the report, and nine letters responding to the series. Chapters include : (i) `Care in the capital: what needs to be done'/ David Metcalfe; (ii) `Secondary care beyond Tomlinson: an opportunity to be seized or squandered?'/ Fiona Moss Martin McNicol; (iii) `Maintaining excellence: the preservation and development of specialised services'/ Liam J. Donaldson; (iv) `Public health in inner London'/ Bobbie Jacobson; (v) `Community care in London the prospects'/ Tessa Jowell; (vi) `Community health services'/ Julia Neuberger ; (vii) `Clinical research'/ Malcolm Green ; (viii) `Undergraduate medical education' / Lesley Rees, John Wass; (ix) `Postgraduate medical eduction' (originally published as `The Tomlinson report and postgraduate medical education') / J.D. Swales ; (x) `Managing change: the human aspects of the NHS' / Eva Lauermann ; (xi) `Other cities, same problems' / Robert Maxwell ; and (xii) `Primary care development zones' / Virginia Beardshaw, Pat Gordon Diane Plamping.","y",null,null,"Book","healthcare",2,40,2,"review of quality of healthcare in London",3,"policy",5,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T970,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T970,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Davies, D. A. V. I. E. S. K.",1993,"Healthy cities: research and practice","This book contains 12 contributions examining the application of WHO's Healthy Cities project in a number of countries. It is intended for people working at community level and in government with an interest in health, and for students on health promotion courses. The papers explore problems in the relationship between policy-makers, communities and academic researchers and discuss how the Healthy Cities programme affects housing and health policies, community development, scientific interchange and health education. The contributors include practitioners and academics from the UK, Canada, Australia and the USA. Two chapters by the editors set the framework by tracing the history of the WHO projects and discussing them in the broader context of scientific and philosophical debates about modernism and post-modernism. Their main contention is that there is an inherent tension between research and practice which must be explored and understood before the concept's vision can be realised. Cites numerous references.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health ",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy Cities",0,"WHO Healthy Citeis",9,0,0,"numerous (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T971,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T971,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,8,0]
["Martin, Paul",1993,"The right treatment for London?: Health Rights' response to the Report of the inquiry into London's health service, medical education and research (the Tomlinson report)","This document declares that the Tomlinson report fails to present an accurate diagnosis of the current crisis or a coherent vision for the future. London's paradox is poor local services and inadequate primary and community care co-existing with well-resourced teaching hospitals. Previous attempts at rationalisation and altering the balance have failed. Tomlinson argues that as a result of NHS reforms and anticipated efficiency gains London can afford to lose 2-7,000 beds. Health Rights believes this is based on fundamentally flawed assumptions, and asserts : there is no evidence that referrals from outer London will cease; the weighted capitation formula is inadequate and cannot be used to justify further losses; bed use is inefficient; rationalisation of specialist services should be based on proper evaluation; there is an over-concentration of acute beds in the inner city and a scarcity in outer London, and Tomlinson failed to examine in detail why inner London costs are higher; primary and community services problems were severely underestimated; teaching hospitals need much tighter control; and, in summary demand for acute services will remain high, it is highly unlikely that rapid development of primary care will occur or compensate for bed reductions, and the likely impact of the recommended cuts will be longer waiting lists and a worse service. An alternative strategy based on clear principles, in-depth assessment, and a proposed London RHA in the boundaries of the old Greater London Council is then outlined. Cites 25 references.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"response to a review of quality of healthcare",0,"policy response",1,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T972,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T972,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["O'Keefe, O. ' K. E. E. F. E.",1993,"Divided London: towards a European public health approach","The authors contend that the health of London's people is inextricably linked to the prevailing socioeconomic conditions and that any attempt to improve it must involve the background circumstances. In the first section they examine patterns of health and illness in London, highlighting the relationships between health inequalities and inequalities of material experience. The changes that London's health services are currently undergoing are described and their implications for the health care labour market and local employment prospects discussed. The authors are highly critical of the lack of overall co-ordination and systematic planning, particularly for primary and community services. The second section looks at the different approaches to urban health care planning adopted by other European cities, focusing on the opportunities afforded by adopting the WHO Health For All strategy and the Healthy Cities Project. Cites 155 references.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"review of health and healthcare",7,"policy",1,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T973,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T973,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Namdaran, Farshid; Burnet, Claire; Monroe, Susan",1992,"Bed blocking in Edinburgh hospitals","A point prevalence survey of inpatients in all acute hospitals within the city of Edinburgh in 1988 identified 224 elderly patients (65 and over) waiting for long-stay care. This represents a bed blocking rate of 19 per cent across all specialties. The highest rate was found in orthopaedic second line beds (approximately 33 per cent) followed by geriatric assessment beds (approximately 30 per cent); acute general medical beds had approximately 13 per cent of their beds blocked. Some 75 per cent of the 224 patients were waiting for geriatric long-stay beds, five per cent for psychogeriatric and a substantial proportion waiting for continuing care outwith the National Health Service (nearly nine per cent for private nursing homes and 11 per cent for residential accommodation). A repeat of this survey in 1990 revealed a small overall drop in bed blocking rate with moderate changes within the specialty groupings. However a substantial increase had occurred in those awaiting non-NHS accommodation, and a drop in those waiting for geriatric care. If this trend continues it will require monitoring and reliance on NHS waiting lists alone will not be sufficient. 2 tables 8 refs. [Abstract]","y","Health Bulletin",null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,39,2,"examining reasons for elderly patients DTOC",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Edinburgh",66,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T974,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Edinburgh"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T974,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandEdinburgh",50,3,0]
["Rossi-Espagnet, A.; Goldstein, G. B.; Tabibzadeh, I.",1992,"Urbanization and health in developing countries : a challenge for health for all","Urbanisation in Developing Countries is one of the most significant demographic and social phenomena of current times. Together with beneficial effects it has also produced vast slums and shanty towns, an exacerbation of poverty and complex patterns of socio-economic, environmental and health problems. The purpose of this issue is to draw the attention of politicians, managers and scientists to the importance of this phenomenon, its determinants and characteristics as well as its effects on health and health services through modifications of social conditions and the physical environment. Experiences are briefly reviewed and commented upon in the various sections of the issue with the aim of improving awareness and stimulating and facilitating action related to health development in the cities of the Developing world. [Introduction summary]","i","World Health Statistics Quarterly",null,"Journal Article",null,"not stated",{"$nulls":7},0,null,null,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T975,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T975,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Hussey, Marmaduke",1992,"London health care 2010 : changing the future of services in the capital","This report analyses the interlocking set of problems posed by health services, medical education and research in London. It demonstrates that Londoners receive a poor deal from present-day services. It warns that health care in the inner-city may become unsuitable unless there is the political will to back a strategy of fundamental reform. The report examines the demographic, technological and social changes that are combining to forge new patterns of health care, and shows that London's services must be reshaped to meet the demands of the new century. It outlines a new pattern of care for the city in which primary health care is central, and draws on a wider range of community based and hospital services to provide well-integrated patient care. The King's Fund Commission recommends a 250 million programme of investment in London's primary and community-based health services. Acute care should be located on fewer sites and the provision of specialist services should be rationalised. Medical education and research should be focused on five new Faculties incorporating existing medical schools and postgraduate institutes. These would contract with a wide variety of London providers for the clinical training of medical students. The number of doctors trained in London should be reduced by a third. [Author]","y",null,null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,40,2,"review of healthcare",3,"policy",1,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T976,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T976,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Hogg, Christine",1992,"Centering excellence? : national and regional health services in London","This paper concentrates on London's role as the principal national centre for specialist health services. The capital retains this function because of its concentration of undergraduate and postgraduate teaching hospitals. However, the shift of population away from the city's centre over the past century has created problems of access which remain pertinent today. The paper makes a detailed examination of changes in the pattern of specialist services since the London Health Planning Consortium recommended rationalisation and dispersion from the city centre in the early 1980s. In practice, it concludes that a further expansion and concentration of most specialist services has taken place in inner London between 1980 and 1990. However, the paper argues that the changes brought about by the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 may result in changes to traditional care patterns. It was prepared to inform the work of the King's Fund Commission on the Future of Acute Services in London. It is being published in advance of the Commission's Strategy for London in order to inform debate about the future of health care in the capital, but should not be interpreted as anticipating the recommendations of the Commission's final report. [Author]","y",null,null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,39,2,"review of healthcare",3,"policy",1,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T977,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T977,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["not stated",1992,"Primary health care in London changes since the Acheson report","The objective of this study was to examine changes in the 11 years since the Acheson report on primary health care in inner London. Key data was analysed from the family health services authority performance indicators and from the Department of Health, trends since the time of the report were studied, and the provision of primary care in 1990-1 and its relation to health and social factors was examined. Comparisons were made between the family health services authorities of inner and outer London and England as a whole, with a special study of Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester. It was found that there has been an improvement in the provision of primary care in inner London as judged by the criteria of the Acheson report, but this has occurred only as part of an overall improvement in the whole country. None of the Acheson recommendations specifically oriented to London have been implemented. There are some worrying trends in inner London, such as the increasing proportion of practices with more than 2,500 patients. The problems faced by practitioners in inner London resemble those in other large inner city areas, but the primary care provision to deal with them is relatively poor. Cites nine references. [Journal abstract, edited].","n","British Medical Journal",null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,38,2,"review of healthcare",3,"policy",1,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T978,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T978,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["not stated",1992,"Healthy cities: a model of community change",null,"y","Family and Community Health",null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T979,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T979,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["not stated",1992,"Sixth Annual Healthy Cities Symposium: reorienting health and public health services : Barcelona, 25-28 September 1991 : summary report","Representatives of 68 cities in 28 countries met to examine how public services could be reorientated towards improving health. They considered the subject from three main perspectives: reorientation of different sectors important client groups and issues, and reorientation of services within cities, regions or neighbourhoods. The meeting recommended that WHO continue supporting its member states and forge links with professional groups having an influence on the physical and social environments. WHO should also arrange for the production of guidelines for health profiles, health audits and health plans, help to secure political commitment at the local level, and encourage systematic evaluation of services. [Document abstract].","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy Cities",0,"WHO Healthy City",9,0,0,"68 Cities (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T980,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T980,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,8,0]
["Ashton, John",1992,"Healthy cities","By the year 2000 it is estimated that 75 per cent of Europeans will live in cities. The impending global eco-crisis has made people aware that by and large it is the life style of urban dwellers which is responsible for the deterioration of the environment, both at a planetary level (the greenhouse effect, ozone layer etc) and at a more local level, (toxic waste, road traffic accidents, noise, etc). The World Health Organization Healthy Cities Project involves several hundred cities around the world which have adopted a programme intended to produce policies for a better environment and improvements in life styles and public health. This book introduces the Healthy Cities Project, describes its objectives and, using case studies examines its performance and effects in improving housing, work, recreation education, the environment and transport in cities around the world. It looks at the development of the Healthy Cities Project in Canada, the United States and Australia. It also looks at healthy cities and the emergence of urban health policy in developing countries. There are 15 case studies, which include: (i) Liverpool; (ii) Sheffield; (iii) Horsens; (iv) Gothenburg; (v) Eindhoven; (vi) Barcelona; (vii) the Basque country; (viii) Valencia; (ix) Zagreb; (x) Toronto; (xi) California; (xii) Indiana; (xiii) Palmerston North; (xiv) Canberra; and (xv) Noarlunga.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy Cities",0,"WHO Helahty Cities",9,0,0,"numerous",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T981,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T981,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,8,0]
["Chaplin, Julia",1991,"Glasgow : local communities tackle the health agenda","Glasgow has undergone a considerable transformation in recent years. Economic regeneration, cultural changes and environmental improvements have helped to improve living conditions. In this article the author looks at some of the ways in which local communities and community based initiatives are tackling the health agenda in Glasgow. These include the Community Health Resource Unit, set up to support and promote community development and health; the first pilot of the Healthy Cities Project, based in Drumchapel; and action on damp housing and health in Easthall, Greater Easterhouse. [JG-L]","y","Community Health Action",null,"Journal Article","Healthly cities and damp housing",2,8,2,"local communities and community based initiatives ",1,"pilot",0,0,0,"Glasgow ",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T982,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T982,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",2,3,0]
["not stated",1991,"Urbanization and health in developing countries: a challenge for health for all","Urbanization in developing countries is one of the most significant demographic and social phenomena of our times. As well as beneficial effects it has also produced vast slums and shanty towns, an exacerbation of poverty and complex patterns of socioeconomic, environmental and health problems. This issue of the World health statistics quarterly is to draw attention to the importance of this phenomenon, its determinants and characteristicts, and its effect on health and health services through modifications of social conditions and the physical environment. Experiences are reviewed and commented upon with the aim of improving awareness, and stimulating and facilitating action related to health development in the cities of the developing world. The article includes: (i) the urban crisis; (ii) urbanisation and the urban environment; (iii) the health effects of urbanisation; (iv) selected health problems such as food, diet and nutrition acute respiratory infection, meningitis, vaccination of preventable diseases malaria etc; (v) improving urban health systems; and towards a framework for urban health development.","y","World Health Statistics",null,"Journal Article","Health in developing countries",1,8,2,"reviewing and commenting on experiences",2,"review",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T983,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T983,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["not stated",1991,"Sharing the power game","As an example of community care planning in action the author looks at the work on joint planning for mental health policies in Leeds. Joint planning is not new in Leeds but has taken centre stage and there are genuine efforts to involve the voluntary sector, carers, service users, housing and education representatives. The authority provides a city wide agreed plan using ten multi-disciplinary service planning teams (SPTs) including mental health. However those involved in the mental health SPT suggest that joint planning in that forum is far from ideal. Alongside complaints about trying to implement change with limited resources, there is criticism of the short timescale of the planning process, of the membership of the SPT and clear signs of a power struggle going on.","y","Community Care",null,"Journal Article","Mental Health",2,25,2,"Joint planning for mental health policies",0,"collaborative",1,2,0,"Leeds",113,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T984,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Leeds"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T984,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLeeds",3,3,0]
["Tabibzadeh, I.; Maxwell, R.; Rossi-Espagnet, A.",1989,"Spotlight on the cities : improving urban health in developing countries",null,"y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T985,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T985,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["not stated",1989,"Equity and the healthy cities project","The World Health Organization strategy for Health for All and the Healthy Cities movement is founded on the principle that all human beings have an equal right to health. The challenging target for politicians and decision makers is to ensure that all people have equal opportunities to develop and maintain their health to the full. Inequalities in health occur due to comparative disadvantage in circumstances, knowledge and access to wealth. The scientific evidence that social, economic and environmental conditions have a major influence on health is now very strong. Equity was the theme of the Third Annual Healthy Cities Symposium held in Zagreb, Yugoslavia. Its aim is to gain higher priority for health by creating new infrastructures and policy processes. The emphasis is on bringing together agents of change. Workshops discussed the scope of intersectoral action. Work for equity in the city calls for policies and activities for changing the physical and social environment, enabling healthy lifestyles and making services accessible to all. Cites 18 references.","y","Health Promotion",null,"Journal Article","Health inequalities",1,8,2,"WHO Healthy Citeis",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,2,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T986,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T986,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,8,0]
["not stated",1988,"First United Kingdom Healthy Cities conference, Liverpool","The conference aimed to bring together people from towns and cities committed to the principles of healthy cities to help set up an agenda for the new public health in urban areas. This is based on the belief that the health of people cannot be divorced from the social and environmental conditions of the city. The value and role of 'localism' was stressed as an important factor in creating healthy cities. Speakers also addressed the need for improved national policies for housing and transport, and poverty and deprivation. Included in the paper is a list of 32 targets for health for all by year 2000 developed by the WHO European strategy. Cites two references.","y","British Medical Journal",null,"Journal Article","Public health in urban areas",1,0,2,"WHO Healthy Cities",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,2,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T987,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T987,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",3,3,0]
["Hannan, John",1988,"The life of John Wheatley","John Wheatley, born into an Irish family, lived with his parents and siblings in a one room back- to- back house with very few facilities. This, together with his experience as a miner, formed his political thought. Elected to Glasgow City Council in 1910 he made health and housing his major concern, making many notable improvements. With the First World War came political and economic issues such as conscription and high food prices. Peace brought its own problems as men returned to unemployment,poor housing and rising prices. In 1922 John Wheatley, now a prominent member of the Independent Labour Party, became an MP. Two years later he was appointed Minister of State for Health. His work as an M.P. is described in detail through the events of the 1920s to his death in 1930. References cited at the end of each chapter.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"numerous (not stated)",0,"not stated",0,0,2,"Glasgow ",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T988,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T988,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",50,3,0]
["not stated",1987,"Oxford's aim of health for all","The public health strategy of Oxford City Council is described. The aim of the strategy is to remove health inequalities while developing a programme of community involvement in public health issues including nutrition, smoking occupational health, recreational exercise, cervical cancer and AIDS prevention. The author also examines the development of the city health lobby independent of medical control. The establishment of a health working party within the Local Labour Party was followed by the formation of a health and environmental health committee on the city counil. A network of health working groups was then set up to change the ethos in the council as a whole.","y","Health Service Journal",null,"Journal Article","health inequalities",1,8,2,"public health strategy",7,"health department",5,0,2,"Oxford",160,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T989,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Oxford"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T989,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandOxford",3,3,0]
["Fleming, Gretchen V. PhD; Andersen, Ronald M. PhD",1986,"The Municipal health services program: improving access to primary care without increasing expenditure","Under the Municipal Health Services Program (MHSP), five city governments created networks of primary care clinics with a goal of serving populations thought to have poor access to primary medical care. A major concern was fragmented care in public hospitals and other public facilities. The new MHSP clinics were expected to provide care at lower cost than the population's alternative sources of care. Medicare and Medicaid waivers were also provided. This evaluation indicates that MHSP did reach most, but not all, of the targeted groups. MHSP may have successfully replaced some out-patient department and emergency room services. However, it failed to realize the goals of continuity and high patient satisfaction. Per capita expenditures for medical care for MHSP users were no higher than for others, but also were not significantly lower. However,for Medicare eligible MHSP users expenditures by Medicare were significantly less. Cites 25 references. [Journal abstract].","y","Medical Care",null,"Journal Article","fragmented health care",2,38,2,"primary care clinics",3,"not stated",3,0,2,"5 Cities (not stated) ",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T990,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T990,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Audrey, Suzanne; Batista-Ferrer, Harriet",2015,"Healthy urban environments for children and young people: A systematic review of intervention studies","This systematic review collates, and presents as a narrative synthesis, evidence from interventions which included changes to the urban environment and reported at least one health behaviour or outcome for children and young people. Following a comprehensive search of six databases, 33 primary studies relating to 27 urban environment interventions were included. The majority of interventions related to active travel. Others included park and playground renovations, road traffic safety, and multi-component community-based initiatives. Public health evidence for effectiveness of such interventions is often weak because study designs tend to be opportunistic, non-randomised, use subjective outcome measures, and do not incorporate follow-up of study participants. However, there is some evidence of potential health benefits to children and young people from urban environment interventions relating to road safety and active travel, with evidence of promise for a multi-component obesity prevention initiative. Future research requires more robust study designs incorporating objective outcome measures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Health & Place","PsycINFO","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"various interventions ",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T991,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T991,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Harter, Martin; Brandes, Andreas; Hillebrandt, Bernd; Lambert, Martin",2015,"Psychenet-The Hamburg network for mental health","With the research and development project psychenet; the Hamburg Network for Mental Health (2011-2015), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research contributes to strengthening healthcare regions in Germany by establishing new transsectoral cooperations and implementing evaluated innovations. More than 300 partners from research, health care, health industry and government in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg are promoting innovative measures to improve the detection, diagnosis, and treatment for mental disorders. The main objective is to implement integrated healthcare networks based on evidence for effective treatment methods, deriving from high-quality research throughout five indications such as psychosis, depression, somatoform and functional syndromes, anorexia and bulimia and addiction illnesses in adolescence. Those networks are accompanied by additional measures, for example, for improving awareness, information and education for mental health, addressing occupational health or strengthening the participation of patients and their families suffering from mental Illness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Psychiatrische Praxis","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Mental Health",2,25,2," integrated MH healthcare networks ",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Hamburg",84,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T992,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hamburg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T992,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyHamburg",28,3,0]
["Tanner, Amanda E.; Ma, Alice; Roof, Katherine A.; Rodgers, Caryn R.; Brooks, Durryle N.; Paluzzi, Pat",2015,"The \"kaleidoscope\" of factors influencing urban adolescent pregnancy in Baltimore, Maryland","Existing intervention and prevention efforts for adolescent pregnancy focus primarily on individual-level approaches; however, there is an emerging expectation to include a more contextually based social-ecological approach. This approach is salient in urban communities like Baltimore, Maryland, with one of the nation's highest adolescent pregnancy and birth rates. Poverty, community violence, and compromised school systems further complicate the precursors and consequences of adolescent pregnancy. In this mixed methods study, we conducted interviews with key informants (n = 16) from community-based organizations, health departments, foundations, the public school system, clinics, and the faith community who worked with youth in Baltimore to gain a more comprehensive perspective on factors affecting adolescent pregnancy. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Geographic maps of select socio-demographic variables were created to examine the community context. Results highlighted contributing multi-level factors that emerged across the social-ecological model. Key informants described community- (e.g., environment, community norms, public policy; \"Teen pregnancy is norm in many communities\"), interpersonal- (e.g., peer social norms; \"If you don't perceive that you have a whole lot of options, you might just kind-of do what everybody else does\"), and intrapersonal-level (e.g., specific developmental phase, self-esteem; \"You need somebody to love and somebody to love you back\") influences on adolescent pregnancy and birth. GIS maps further illustrated disparities in adolescent birth rates, poverty level, and available community resources. Key informants recommended institutional and structural changes in the community, such as improving sexuality education and school-based health centers and increasing inter-organizational collaboration. These findings underscore the importance of considering creative community partnerships that address key social determinants of reproductive health in developing interventions to address adolescent pregnancy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies","PsycINFO","Journal Article","urban adolescent pregnancy",1,47,2,"exploratoin of the factors affecting adolescent pregnancy ",0,"not stated",1,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T993,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T993,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["McIntosh, Scott; Cirillo, Dominic; Wood, Nancy; Dozier, Ann M.; Alarie, Carol; McConnochie, Kenneth M.",2014,"Patient evaluation of an acute care pediatric telemedicine service in urban neighborhoods","Background: Telemedicine has enhanced care for children with illness in Rochester, NY, since May 2001, enabling 13,568 acute illness visits through December 2013. Prior findings included high parent satisfaction with childcare- and school-based telemedicine (''school telemedicine'') and potential to replace 85% of office visits for illness. Urban neighborhood telemedicine (''neighborhood telemedicine'') was designed to offer convenient care for illness episodes that school telemedicine often cannot serve because illness arises when children are at home or symptoms preclude attendance. This study was designed to characterize health problems prompting neighborhood telemedicine use and to assess parent perceptions of its value. Materials and Methods: A parent satisfaction instrument was developed with input from parents and providers. Neighborhood telemedicine was initiated in January 2009 and totaled 1,362 visits through November 2013. During a 29-month survey period through January 2012, 3,871 acute illness telemedicine visits were completed, 908 (23.5%) of them via neighborhood telemedicine. Instruments were completed for 392 (43.2%) of the 908 visits. Results: Neighborhood telemedicine comprised 27% of all telemedicine visits during the year of peak neighborhood activity. Almost all survey respondents were satisfied or highly satisfied with neighborhood visits (97.6%) and endorsed greater convenience than alternatives (94.5%). Conclusions: Family preferences and the high value placed on neighborhood telemedicine suggest such service is important, especially in health systems driven by patient values. Service provided by neighborhood telemedicine holds potential to meet a large demand for care of acute childhood illness. Financing reform to support patient-centered care (e.g., bundled payments) should encompass sustainable business models for this service. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Telemedicine and e-Health","PsycINFO","Journal Article","telemedicine",2,40,2," Telemedicine",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"Rochester",174,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T994,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rochester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T994,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaRochester",1,1,1]
["Atkins, Marc S.; Shernoff, Elisa S.; Frazier, Stacy L.; Schoenwald, Sonja K.; Cappella, Elise; Marinez-Lora, Ane; Mehta, Tara G.; Lakind, Davielle; Cua, Grace; Bhaumik, Runa; Bhaumik, Dulal",2015,"Redesigning community mental health services for urban children: Supporting schooling to promote mental health","Objective: This study examined a school- and home-based mental health service model, Links to Learning, focused on empirical predictors of learning as primary goals for services in high-poverty urban communities. Method: Teacher key opinion leaders were identified through sociometric surveys and trained, with mental health providers and parent advocates, on evidence-based practices to enhance children's learning. Teacher key opinion leaders and mental health providers cofacilitated professional development sessions for classroom teachers to disseminate 2 universal (Good Behavior Game, peer-assisted learning) and 2 targeted (Good News Notes, Daily Report Card) interventions. Group-based and home-based family education and support were delivered by mental health providers and parent advocates for children in kindergarten through 4th grade diagnosed with 1 or more disruptive behavior disorders. Services were Medicaid-funded through 4 social service agencies (N = 17 providers) in 7 schools (N = 136 teachers, 171 children) in a 2 (Links to Learning vs. services as usual) x 6 (pre- and posttests for 3 years) longitudinal design with random assignment of schools to conditions. Services as usual consisted of supported referral to a nearby social service agency. Results: Mixed effects regression models indicated significant positive effects of Links to Learning on mental health service use, classroom observations of academic engagement, teacher report of academic competence and social skills, and parent report of social skills. Nonsignificant between-groups effects were found on teacher and parent report of problem behaviors, daily hassles, and curriculum-based measures. Effects were strongest for young children, girls, and children with fewer symptoms. Conclusion: Community mental health services targeting empirical predictors of learning can improve school and home behavior for children living in high-poverty urban communities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology","PsycINFO","Journal Article","mental health",2,25,2,"Redesigning community mental health service",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T995,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T995,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Ritsatakis, Anna; Ostergren, Per-Olof; Webster, Premila",2015,"Tackling the social determinants of inequalities in health during Phase V of the Healthy Cities Project in Europe","The WHO European Healthy Cities Network has from its inception aimed at tackling inequalities in health. In carrying out an evaluation of Phase V of the project (2009-13), an attempt was made to examine how far the concept of equity in health is understood and accepted; whether cities had moved further from a disease/medical model to looking at the social determinants of inequalities in health; how far the HC project contributed to cities determining the extent and causes of inequalities in health; what efforts were made to tackle such inequalities and how far inequalities in health may have increased or decreased during Phase V. A broader range of resources was utilized for this evaluation than in previous phases of the project. These indicated that most cities were definitely looking at the broader determinants. Equality in health was better understood and had been included as a value in a range of city policies. This was facilitated by stronger involvement of the HC project in city planning processes. Although almost half the cities participating had prepared a City Health Profile, only few cities had the necessary local level data to monitor changes in inequalities in health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","n","duplicate","PsycINFO","Journal Article","inequalities in health",1,8,2,"WHO Healhty Cities",0,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T996,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T996,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,3,0]
["Johnson, Kimberly Elizabeth",2015,"A social history of the new york city trans fat policy","In December 2006, the New York City Board of Health passed an ordinance introduced by the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene to amend the Health Code and restrict the amount of artificial trans fatty acids served in restaurant foods. Artificial trans fats, generated during the process of partial hydrogenation of oils, were ubiquitous in refined, convenience, and fast foods and implicated in heart disease and other health concerns. As one of a patchwork of local policies aimed at addressing a gap in federal labeling laws, the New York City ordinance generated heated debate but ultimately succeeded and influenced other policies across the globe. The policy targeted a food additive to address growing concern for food-related chronic disease in public health. The safety of artificial trans fat had long been questioned, but the fat remained in the food supply for decades, aided by intractable scientific debate and industry influence. In the 1990s, new studies confirmed the danger of artificial trans fats. It was not until consumers embraced the new science and became active that artificial trans fats emerged as a public policy issue. As uniquely powerful public health entities, the New York City Board of Health and Department of Health and Mental Hygiene provided a platform that engaged consumers in transformational policy change. This dissertation used interview and archival data to show how consumer activism influenced the New York City artificial trans fat policy and affirmed the emerging scientific knowledge of the fat as a dangerous additive. Consumers applied diffuse and diverse forms of individual and collective activism to support regulation and elimination of the fat. They refused to purchase products that contained artificial trans fats using every day forms of science and political engagement, like reading labels, to support their social values for health, a transparent food supply, and consumer choice. Evidence from this social history shows consumers followed a U.S. tradition of consumer citizenship. It also illustrates how consumer activism serves as an important and powerful balance to the economic interests of industry. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","transfat",1,28,2,"City trans fat policy",2,"DoHMH",4,5,0,"New York City (not stated)",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T997,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T997,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Kansagra, Susan",2014,"New York City's efforts to address childhood obesity: What works, lessons learned, and plans for the future","This article briefs a interview with Childhood Obesity, Susan Kansagra, MD, MBA, discusses the city's initiatives to improve the nutrition and physical activity environments and support healthy eating and active living. He said they will continue to educate New Yorkers on the benefits of healthy eating and active living, change the environment to support individuals in making healthier choices in their lives, and look for innovative solutions to tackle this issue. Obesity threatens to undo the gains we have made in life expectancy over the last two centuries. They must continue to strive for bold, innovative solutions to turn this epidemic around. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Childhood Obesity","PsycINFO","Journal Article","childhood obesity",1,1,2,"nutrition and physcial activity environments",1,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"New York City (not stated)",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T998,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T998,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Yeomans, David; Dale, Kate; Beedle, Kate",2014,"Systematic computerised cardiovascular health screening for people with severe mental illness","Aims and method: People with severe mental illness (SMI) die relatively young, with mortality rates four times higher than average, mainly from natural causes, including heart disease.We developed a computer-based physical health screening template for use with primary care information systems and evaluated its introduction across a whole city against standards recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence for physical health and cardiovascular risk screening. Results: A significant proportion of SMI patients were excluded from the SMI register and only a third of people on the register had an annual physical health check recorded. The screening template was taken up by 75% of GP practices and was associated with better quality screening than usual care, doubling the rate of cardiovascular risk recording and the early detection of high cardiovascular risk. Clinical implications: A computerised annual physical health screening template can be introduced to clinical information systems to improve quality of care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","The Psychiatric Bulletin","PsycINFO","Journal Article","physcial health of thos with mental health issues",2,25,2,"computer-based physical health screening template",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T999,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T999,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Adkins, Arlie Steven",2015,"Determinants of recent mover non-work travel mode choice","Active transportation modes of walking and bicycling have the potential to help mitigate environmental and health concerns ranging from growing greenhouse gas emissions to increasing rates of obesity. This dissertation investigates how new movers make decisions about active transportation, particularly non-work utilitarian walking, in the context of a new home and neighborhood. New movers are an important, yet often overlooked, population in travel behavior research because they provide an opportunity to observe behavior adoption in new contexts, but also because the roughly one-in-ten Americans who move each year are more likely to consider changes to daily routines, including travel behavior, making them prime targets for voluntary travel behavior change programs. Using data from a two-wave survey of recent movers in six U.S. cities, psychological and social mechanisms essential to the built environment travel behavior relationship. The research is divided into three stand-alone papers (chapters 4, 5 and 6). First, to isolate the built environment effect on active travel mode adoption, the relative influence of the built environment and a robust set of self-selection variables is quantified. Second, the psychological constructs that facilitate the built environment travel behavior relationship are identified. And in light of increasing market demand for housing in walkable urban neighborhoods and the observed importance of self-selection, the final paper quantifies the extent to which low-income households face are able to realize preferences for walkable housing locations. The key findings of this dissertation are that 1) the built environment plays a key role in determining recent mover adoption of utilitarian walking even after controlling for self-selection; 2) the influence of the built environment on post-move adoption of utilitarian walking largely mediated by perceived behavior control, as expected, and, unexpectedly, by descriptive social norms; and 3) low-income movers who prioritized moving to a walkable place were about half as likely as higher-income movers to be able to realize this preference. These findings have practical and theoretical implications which are discussed in each paper and in the final chapter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Active transportation",1,10,2,"Investigating active transportation",0,"Research study",7,0,0,"6 USA cites",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1000,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1000,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Ogata, Alberto Jose N.; Simurro, Samia Aguiar Brandao",2014,"How to encourage changes in behavior through interventions integrated into quality of life programs within companies","(from the chapter) Non-communicable or chronic diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide and have caused high numbers of \"premature\" deaths, loss of quality of life, and a high degree of limitation in work and leisure activities. Additionally, they have an economic impact on families, communities, and society in general, aggravating inequity and increasing poverty. Despite the rapid growth of NCDs, their impact can be diminished through wide-ranging and cost-effective interventions that promote health by reducing risk factors and that improve health awareness, early detection, and timely treatment. A study carried out on adults in the city of Sao Paulo found approximately 30% of participants to have mental illness. It is not possible to achieve significant results in improved health simply by communicating concepts and information. Understanding behavior under a broader and more comprehensive perspective makes it possible to bring about proposed interventions and effective change programs. Knowledge of behavior change models and application of this knowledge to programs and actions will help to improve results in reducing risk factors and improving quality of life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).","y",null,"PsycINFO","Book","Non communicable diseases",1,50,2,"Investigating how to encourage changes in behaviour through interventions integrated into quality of life programs within companies",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Sao Paolo",182,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1001,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sao Paulo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1001,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSao Paulo",14,2,0]
["Wolf, Sharon",2015,"Mediators and moderators of impacts of conditional cash transfer programs: Theoretical issues and empirical findings","One approach to addressing poverty that has emerged in middle and low income countries over the last two decades is conditional cash transfers (CCTs), where cash is given to needy households conditioned on parents' investments in their children's health and education. The goals are to reduce economic hardship and improve children's academic and general well-being. This dissertation addresses issues related to adapting CCTs to the United States using psychological theory and empirical evidence. Data comes from the Family Rewards study, a 3-year randomized experimental evaluation of a CCT intervention in New York City. In the first paper, I present a conceptual framework based in select psychological theories that considers pathways of influence by which CCTs may affect family and child outcomes. The next two empirical studies are guided by the potential mediators, moderators, and expanded set of outcomes presented in the first paper. In the second paper, I analyze high school children's time-use in the sample using cluster analysis to identify groups of adolescents based on their time-use patterns across a range of activities. I identify four \"clusters\" of children: academically-oriented, who spent their time predominantly in academic activities; socially-oriented, who spent their time predominantly in social activities; TV/computer-oriented, who spent a large proportion of time watching TV and on the computer; and maintenance and work-oriented, who spend the most time in maintenance activities and work. I find that high school children with academically-oriented time-use patterns have better adjustment in terms of their academic and behavioral outcomes, while those with socially-oriented time use patterns have the lowest adjustment. In the third study, I explore impact variation of Family Rewards by school quality on parental financial investment in their children and high school children's educational processes and outcomes. Results indicate that the intervention was successful in changing children's motivation, academic time-use patterns and academic performance in relatively low quality urban schools, but not in relatively high quality schools. Findings from this dissertation suggest that future programs may target academic time-use as an incentivized outcome, and may target children in the lowest quality schools to maximize improvements on academic outcomes and well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","childrens health and education",1,0,2,"Conditional Cash Transfers",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"New York City (not stated)",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1002,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1002,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Lee, Amy E.; Underwood, Sarah; Handy, Susan",2015,"Crashes and other safety-related incidents in the formation of attitudes toward bicycling","Many cities are encouraging bicycling as mode of transportation as a way to improve air quality and health. Evidence suggests a strong influence of attitudes on bicycling, but few studies have examined the formation of attitudes toward bicycling. This paper explores the potential effect of crashes and other incidents on attitudes towards bicycling. Several themes emerge from 54 in-depth interviews on experiences with bicycling over the life course for a sample of adults living in Davis, California. The greater the severity of injuries associated with a crash, the greater the likelihood of declines in comfort with and desire for bicycling. Crashes in youth had very little effect on desire for or comfort with bicycling, but the opposite was true of crashes in adulthood. Incidents involving motorists particularly exacerbated discomfort with bicycling, while solo crashes were commonly perceived as unlucky or careless mishaps. Crashes experienced by others, as opposed to those experienced personally, were especially damaging to attitude, particularly for those who did not bicycle regularly. These findings have important implications for the design of bicycle facilities and programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","PsycINFO","Journal Article","air quality and health",1,10,2,"cycling",0,"evaluation (54 in-depth interviews on experiences)",0,0,0,"Davis, California",58,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1003,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Davis"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1003,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USADavis",1,1,0]
["Kadoura, Wafa Eissa",2015,"The brighter future for homeless families and their preschoolers' program in salt lake city, Utah","A pilot study was conducted with the purpose of developing, implementing, and evaluating the effectiveness of the Brighter Futures for Preschoolers Program (BFPP) for high-risk homeless families of preschoolers. Using a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent comparison 2 group x 2 repeated measure pre- and posttest design, the outcomes of the experimental group (BFPP) were compared to the best matches for the scales that could be derived. Statistically significant positive results (p < .05) were found for all of the BFPP-measured child, parent, and homeless families' outcomes. The effect sizes of homeless families children's outcomes were all large effect sizes over d = .90 and three to four times larger than the effect size of the SFP3-5 national norms, namely depression (d = 0.94 vs. 0.19), overt aggression (d = 0.90 vs. 0.24), and social behavior (d = 0.98 vs. 0.34). The BFPP parenting scales compared to SFP norms were smaller in effect sizes than the SFP norms, including positive parenting (d = 0.66 vs. 0.92), parental supervision (d = 0.54 vs. 0.88), parenting efficacy (d = 0.82 vs. 0.85), parental empathy (d = 0.61 vs. 0.89), parenting skills (d = 0.73 vs. 0.94), and parental stress (d = 0.81 vs. 0.75). For the one family cohesion scale, the effect sizes for BFPP was also smaller than the SFP Delaware norms (d = 0.56 vs. 0.93). Statistically significant positive results (p < .05) from the BFPP were found for all of the child's behavioral outcomes with effect sizes ranging from medium to large including the number of days and duration child engaged in physical and sedentary activities (d = 0.74), (d = 0.65), and (d = 0.8), the number and amount of eating fruit and vegetables (d = 0.56) and (d = 0.87). The new BFPP that included the two added components of physical activities and the increase of fruit and vegetable consumption proved an effective program due to the large significant improvements in the parent, family, and child's outcomes. The BFPP might be a promising health promotion intervention to be tested in other settings and countries. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","child, parent and homeless families outcomes",1,0,2,"Brighter Futures for Preschoolers Program (BFPP) for high-risk homeless families of preschoolers",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"salt lake city",186,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1004,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Salt Lake City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1004,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSalt Lake City",1,1,1]
["Mora-Rios, Jazmin; Bautista, Natalia",2014,"Structural stigma, mental illness, gender and interseccionality. Implications for mental health care","The purpose of this paper is to describe the most common forms and expressions of structural stigma from the perspective of a group of people who attended four treatment centers as a result of having received a psychiatric or neuropsychiatric diagnosis (n = 68) and a group of health service providers engaged in these services in Mexico City (n = 95). We adopted an approach, based on the intersectionality approach, which involves the interplay between social determinants, including gender, in the processes of social exclusion in mental health. In this qualitative study, the in-depth interview technique was used, for which specific guidelines were designed for providers and users of psychiatric services. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and subsequently encoded through a specialized program (Atlas ti, version 7.0). This paper examines the perceptions and experiences of stigma and discrimination related to psychiatric disorders, and other specific aspects related to the care process. Among the findings ore the structural nature of discrimination not only directed at people affected by severe mental illness, but also at health personnel. Moreover, the respondents' accounts reveal certain structural barriers that impact the quality of care, particularly for users who hove multiple conditions of social vulnerability that go beyond the scope of these service providers, constituting dilemmas for the provider. Lastly, on the basis of the analysis of the various difficulties expressed by the study population in relation to the core services, the main challenges to improving the quality of services in the field of mental health are described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Salud Mental","PsycINFO","Journal Article","mental health",2,25,2,"understanding structural stigma, mental illness, gender and interseccionality through a qualitative study",0,"qualitative study (interviews)",0,0,0,"Mexico City",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1005,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1005,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,2,0]
["Weeks, George",2014,"Objectively healthy cities: Urban design for the 21st century","(from the chapter) \"Healthy City\" initiatives are widespread, but what makes a healthy 21st century city? At present, the biggest cause of preventable death in the developed world is heart disease, whilst rates of depression and mental illness have increased steadily since the 1970s (Putnam, 2000). Much of this Is attributable to a widespread lack of physical activity, essential for human health (Sallis, Frank, Saelens, & Kraft, 2004). Over the past decade, Increasing amounts of research have been undertaken. Investigating the relationship between the design of the built environment and human behaviour, particularly with respect to people's tendency to undertake sufficient physical activity. This paper reviews existing research on the relationship between physical activity, health and urban design. It examines how the form of the built environment-particularly walkabillty-can be objectively measured and positively correlated with physical activity and health, irrespective of expressed preferences for exercise. There are major policy implications for urban design and its potential to improve public health, social cohesion, and environmental quality that are reflected in recent UK studies, such as the Marmot Report (Geddes et al., 2011). This paper has particular relevance for urban policymakers, planners, and designers wishing to demonstrate an epidemiological basis for mixed-use, high density walkable urbanism, and the relationship between human behaviour and urban design. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).","y",null,"PsycINFO","Book","health",1,0,2,"built environment impact on health",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1006,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1006,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Sami, Mojgan",2014,"Healthy planning in California: Towards a theory of multi-level frame interaction","California has been identified as a national leader in public sector efforts to move the health debate away from a narrow focus on healthcare (i.e., insurance and medical services) towards addressing the root causes of disease, or social determinants of health. This effort to expand the definition of health includes policies that impact the places where people live, work and study. While this effort has historically been confined to debates within the health sector, recent calls for placing health at the center of all policies has sparked a movement that is expanding discursive spaces for health in the fields of city planning, transportation, housing and education. The focus of today's healthy planning movement is centered on addressing the rising rates of chronic diseases, or the diseases of the 21st century. These diseases include obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. While there is a burgeoning field of research on the efficacy of policies and interventions aiming to prevent chronic disease (i.e., improving road infrastructure, soda tax legislation), there are few studies on the dynamic interpretations of health found in public discourse. Perhaps in part due to its ubiquitous nature in planning and public policy, there is an assumption that health has a universal meaning in public discourses. Thus, health is often invoked as a goal of particular policies or programs without adequately addressing the implicit assumptions that frame its interpretation. Without sufficient understanding of the underlying assumptions on health, the healthy planning movement risks the danger of perpetuating existing silos between public health, planning and public policy. The lack of attention to the underlying assumptions framing health in public discourse provides the rationale for my qualitative study on healthy planning in California. I posit that policy and planning choices are deeply embedded in the ways in which planners think and talk about health in public discourse. One pathway to understanding how planners think and talk about health is by identifying the interpretive frames used for sense-making and generation of meaning in healthy planning discourses. The supposition I am making is that language has both the ability to describe and shape policy and planning choices. Thus, the specific aims of my study are: (1) to identify and explore frames in California's healthy planning discourses; and (2) understand how frame interactions energize particular ways of thinking and talking that influence policy and planning choices in California. The findings of my study show that there are four frames of health embedded in healthy planning discourses. I characterize them as sub-frames: (1) health as physical survival of individuals, (2) health as physical well-being of individuals, (3) health as social, or collective, well-being and (4) health as socially conscious well-being. My study also found that there is a complex arena of \"frame interactions\" that filter meaning-making in healthy planning discourses. These interactions occur within and between four levels of frames which range from micro-interpretations of health (sub-frames) to macro frames that embed worldviews and assumptions on human and organizational nature. The implications of these findings for a grounded theory rests on the foundation that frame construction is an outcome of a dynamic process of frame interactions. Thus, discursive spaces which maximize interactions between and within levels of frames provide an opportunity to re-frame health in public discourse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","social determinants of health",1,51,2,"social determinanents of health",0,"policy",1,0,0,"californian cities",35,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1007,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"California"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1007,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USACalifornia",1,1,0]
["Lee, Myung-Soo; Lim, Hee-Young; Kim, Youngki; Lee, Yong-Suk",2014,"How can a change in the operating system of the mental health review board promote the discharge of long-term hospitalized psychiatric patients? A case study of Seoul city","Background: One of the most typical and chronic problem in Korean mental health system is the prolonged length of hospital stay. In contrast to there are many components which leads to long length of stay of psychiatric patients in Korean situation such as low and fixed medical fee for psychiatric inpatient treatment, shortage of community resources, lack of care-givers' awareness and so on, there are just few mechanisms to handle this issue such as Mental Health Review Board (MHRB) which is based on Mental Health Act since 1995. However, the discharge order rate was very low and there community care system after discharge order is still very weak. Case description: The Korean government has revised the Mental Health Act in 2008 and changed the operating principals of the MHRB from a regional level to a local level to strengthen the function of MHRB. However, the discharge order rate versus the whole evaluation requests still remains at a very low level or less than 5%. And it is still very difficult to execute a discharge order against a patient whose symptoms and conditions become psychiatrically stabilized enough for discharge, due to a shortage of community care facilities and a lack of social support system. These results are exactly same with former studies. Discussion: Any policies to promote psychiatric discharge including MHRB are needed to take the comprehensive factors into consideration, such as payment program, community infrastructure, increasing care-givers' acceptance and so on. Conclusion: Despite of the political trial of Korean government to reduce length of stay of chronic psychiatric patients, it was not successful. Still it had failed to propose a detailed policy measure in terms of the above-mentioned prerequisites. Therefore, new system and program developments including reform of payment system which reflect prior studies' recommendations are essential. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","International Journal of Mental Health Systems Vol 8 Aug 2014, ArtID 33","PsycINFO","Journal Article","mental health & prolonged hospital stay",2,25,2,"revisions to operating principles",3,"policy",1,0,2,"Seoul City",201,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1008,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Seoul"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1008,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Korea, South"},"Korea, SouthSeoul",36,4,0]
["Hutchins-Goodwin, Regina",2014,"Perceived influence of the affordable care act on a school health program's preventive care","In 2008 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 8.7 million children lacked health insurance and did not receive preventive care as recommended. These findings are surprising, given that many schools have long provided preventive services, some of them highly innovative. Unfortunately, funding cuts have threatened these public health services, and their future has become uncertain with the implementation of the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA). This case study used interviews and program documents to gain insight into what innovative school and community health providers perceived as health outcomes and influences of ACA on their program at a large urban school health program. Using triangulation methods to analyze interview transcripts and program documents, this study showed that by the end of the 2012 school year, 93.17% of students were documented as compliant with state-required vaccinations; 86,866 student health encounters were completed; and that staff provided 48,986 medical triages, 37,885 vision, hearing and dental screenings, and 8,617 body mass index screenings. The findings support the school's perception of being a safety net for children. Overall, they provided a total of 95,477 health encounters. Program administrators reported that by using ACA, they were able to change and save the program. The positive social change implications of this study are that it has illuminated how one city and school district is using school health programs as an alternative for delivering health care to high school children. These findings could influence decisions concerning funding, reimbursements, restructuring, replication, more research, or new community partnerships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","childrens healthcare",1,0,2,"school health programmes ",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1009,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1009,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,1]
["Vos, Joost; Wagenaar, Hendrik",2014,"The Munchhausen Movement: Improving the coordination of social services through the creation of a social movement","In February 2006 a group of social service executives in the Dutch city of Rotterdam founded what they called the Munchhausen Movement. This movement is an initiative to improve collaboration between public institutions that service vulnerable members of society, such as the homeless, addicts, people with mental health impairments, and frequent recidivists. The members of the Munchhausen Movement explicitly refer to their collaboration as a \"Movement.\" This is a new concept in the world of multiagency collaboration. Coordination of social services is generally seen in terms of public management, organizational innovation, citizenship, or a relational, interpretive effort. This study aims to demonstrate that the concept of a social movement is a useful perspective for understanding and promoting multiagency coordination. This concept is elaborated by using the methods of grounded theory to unravel the initiators of the Munchhausen Movement's central ideas, values, and practices. This case study results in a critical evaluation of the added value of social movements for multiagency coordination between public institutions., It analyzes the mechanisms, such as trust building, realizing small, but highly visible successes, and value articulation, by which collaboration is achieved. It concludes with the finding that a social movement can contribute to cultural change in fragmented organizational fields and to the enhancement of the density and effectiveness of the professional networks of representatives of the involved organizations but that further dissemination of the movement's principles and modes of action is essential for its wider success. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","The American Review of Public Administration","PsycINFO","Journal Article","coordination of social services",2,46,2,"quality and integration of service for most vulnerable",7,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Rotterdam",173,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1010,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rotterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1010,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsRotterdam",30,3,0]
["Christopher, Gail C.",2014,"The future is born every day","In New York City, the use of text message reminders about influenza vaccinations was associated with a 30% increase in vaccination rates among low-income pregnant women. Researchers found that women exposed to stressful life events prior to conception were 44% more likely to have a very low birth weight infant than nonexposed women. An examination of maternal comorbidity trends in California reveals that pregnant women are getting sicker and that racial and ethnic disparities persist in the face of substantially rising rates of chronic hypertension, diabetes and obesity rates. These are just three articles within this issue that reflect the challenges and opportunities we face in public health as we work to improve birth outcomes. It is maintained that capabilities for groundberaking research, innovative technology and communications tools are unprecedented today and can be leveraged to influence health in multiple ways. So too is the ability to forecast and anticipate demographic and economic trends. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).","y","American Journal of Public Health","PsycINFO","Journal Article","birth outcomes",1,42,2,"text messaging reminders for vaccinations",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"New York City (not stated)",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1011,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1011,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Lee, Seung Hee",2014,"Changing the food environment in Baltimore city: Impact of an intervention to improve carry-outs in low-income neighborhoods","Americans spend nearly half of their food dollars eating out, consuming over 33% of their total calories on food away from home. A large proportion (76.8%) of foods eaten away from home consists of prepared foods purchased at prepared food sources, such as fast food restaurants and carry-outs (non-franchised food establishments that sell ready-to-eat food and beverages for off-premise consumption). Energy-dense prepared foods, in particular, have been associated with increased BMI and weight gain. Low-income urban populations are disproportionately exposed to prepared food sources, and the most common prepared food sources in low-income urban areas are fast food restaurants and carry-outs. While a growing body of research has examined consumer behavior at franchised fast food restaurants, little attention has focused on carry-outs. The goal of this study is to develop, implement and evaluate an environmental carry-out intervention targeting both customers and carry-out owners to increase availability/accessibility of healthier menu options. The Baltimore Healthy Carry-outs (BHC) intervention was developed using formative research consisting of 15 direct observations, 40 in-depth interviews (12 customers, 8 carry-out owners, 2 IDIs each), 48 semi-structured interviews (40 customers, 8 carry-out owners), and 6 customer focus groups (5-10 customers per group). We implemented a 7-month trial in 8 carry-outs (4 intervention and 4 comparison) in low-income neighborhoods in Baltimore, MD (February-September 2011). The BHC trial included three phases: 1) Improving menu boards and labeling to promote healthier items; 2) Promoting healthy sides and beverages and introducing new items; and 3) Introducing healthier combo meals and changing food preparation methods. Process evaluation was conducted to assess intervention reach, dose received and fidelity using sales receipts, carry-out visit evaluation, and intervention exposure assessment. On average, we reached 36.8% more customers at intervention carry-outs compared to baseline in the intervention carry-outs. The menu boards and labels were seen by 100.0% and 84.2% of individuals (n=101), respectively, suggesting high dose received. Promoted entree availability and revised menu and poster presence all had high fidelity and feasibility. Overall, the BHC intervention was well implemented as planned and demonstrated high feasibility. For the carry-out level impact evaluation, a total of 186,640 receipts were collected from seven carry-outs in eight-month period. In the intervention group, the odds of healthy item sales increased significantly compared to the baseline. Total revenues in the intervention group were significantly greater in all phases relative to baseline, while they significantly declined in the comparison group. For the customer-level impact evaluation, intervention exposure assessment was conducted with randomly selected customers post intervention (n=180). Compared to comparison customers, intervention customers were 4.4 times more likely to purchase promoted healthy items. Dose response between intervention exposure and amount of healthy food purchased was observed. In conclusion, this study was effectively implemented with positive impact on both the carry-out and customer levels. This is the first study to examine the effectiveness of an environmental carry-out intervention using multiple strategies in low-income urban setting. Future intervention trials to improve the urban food environment may benefit by this study, by implementing the successful intervention strategies employed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","diet",1,1,2," The Baltimore Healthy Carry-outs (BHC) intervention  (improve menu boards, promote healhy sides and beverages, introduce healthier combo meals)",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1012,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1012,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Elbel, Brian; Mijanovich, Tod; Dixon, L.; Abrams, Courtney; Weitzman, Beth; Kersh, Rogan; Auchincloss, Amy H.; Ogedegbe, Gbenga",2013,"Calorie labeling, fast food purchasing and restaurant visits","Objective: Obesity is a pressing public health problem without proven population-wide solutions. Researchers sought to determine whether a city-mandated policy requiring calorie labeling at fast food restaurants was associated with consumer awareness of labels, calories purchased and fast food restaurant visits. Design and Methods: Difference-in-differences design, with data collected from consumers outside fast food restaurants and via a random digit dial telephone survey, before (December 2009) and after (June 2010) labeling in Philadelphia (which implemented mandatory labeling) and Baltimore (matched comparison city). Measures included: self-reported use of calorie information, calories purchased determined via fast food receipts, and self-reported weekly fast-food visits. Results: The consumer sample was predominantly Black (71%), and high school educated (62%). Post-labeling, 38% of Philadelphia consumers noticed the calorie labels for a 33% point (P < 0.001) increase relative to Baltimore. Calories purchased and number of fast food visits did not change in either city over time. Conclusions: While some consumers report noticing and using calorie information, no population level changes were noted in calories purchased or fast food visits. Other controlled studies are needed to examine the longer term impact of labeling as it becomes national law. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Obesity","PsycINFO","Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"calorie labelling at fast food restuarants",2,"regulation",4,0,0,"Philadelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1013,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1013,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,1]
["Hoang, Tu-Anh",2013,"Civil society organisations' roles in health development in Vietnam: HIV as a case study","Civil society in contemporary Vietnam has been recognised as an important force in public health. Based on qualitative interviews and observations of 30 organisations and networks in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, this paper argues that civil society organisations (CSOs) focus almost exclusively on providing information and services, including care and treatment, in line with a state-sanctioned 'implementer' role for civil society, and that these organisations therefore miss an opportunity to act as agents for change. It was observed that the CSOs taking on roles involving advocacy and the monitoring of policy implementation were those that focus exclusively on HIV/AIDS prevention and control. However, the sustainability of these efforts is unclear. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Public Health (HIV/AIDS)",1,2,1,"Civil Society Organisation role in improving health and care",0,"not stated",1,0,0," Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1014,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1014,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",60,4,0]
["Cushon, Jennifer A.",2013,"Child health in an era of globalization: A case study of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan","Research Objectives: Globalization is increasingly considered an important influence on the determinants of health. Globalization, for the purposes of this study, was defined as \"a process of greater integration within the world economy through movements of goods and services, capital, technology and (to a lesser extent) labour, which lead increasingly to economic decisions being influenced by global conditions.\"(1) Although there have been many conceptual and theoretical explorations of the globalization and health relationship, only a limited number of empirical studies have sought to link the processes of globalization to health effects in a specific context and/or for a particular population such as children. The objectives of this thesis were two-fold: to investigate primarily the economic pathways and related political pathways by which globalization influences the determinants of health and health outcomes in low-income children ages zero to five in a mid-sized Canadian city (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan); to identify and analyze the policy responses at various levels (national, provincial, and municipal) that address the effects of globalization on determinants of health such as household income and distribution, employment and education for parents, housing, and social programs. Study Design and Methodology: This study was a case study that used mixed methods. The case in this research was Saskatoon, a mid-size city located in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The analytical framework used to guide this study was developed by Labonte and Torgerson.(2) Methods included: a demographic profile for the City of Saskatoon; an environmental scan of federal, provincial, and municipal policy that has direct relevance for child health; process tracing; semi-structured interviews with low-income parents of young children (n=26); and trend analysis of child health outcomes among children ages zero to five. Findings: The current phase of globalization in Canada and Saskatchewan is inextricably linked with the implementation of neoliberal policies such as tax restructuring, trade liberalization, privatization, deregulation, and greater integration in the global economy. This phase of globalization contributed to changes in the determinants of health that affect children and their families in Saskatoon. For instance, globalization has involved retrenchment of the welfare state in Canada and Saskatchewan. As the welfare state diminished in size and responsibility, poverty tended to deepen among those that were already poor. The retrenchment of the welfare state also led to diminished program access. In addition, globalization has emphasized the restructuring of the labour market to be more competitive and flexible. A restructured labour market and reduced access to services and programs contributed to greater inequalities in income in Canada, Saskatchewan, and Saskatoon. Finally, globalization contributed to declining housing affordability in Canada's cities such as Saskatoon. Trend analysis at the neighbourhood-level to determine the linkages between changes in the determinants of child health and changes in child health outcomes was inconclusive. Further research is required to determine if the disparities in the determinants of child health that have been exacerbated by the economic and political processes of globalization have contributed to increasing disparities in child health outcomes. Conclusion: This study indicated that the economic and political processes of globalization influenced the determinants of health among young low-income children and their families in Saskatoon through a number of pathways, but this is not to suggest that globalization was the only phenomenon at work. Although it was very difficult to draw any conclusions regarding the globalization and health relationship with certainty, this study offered a logical... (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","0-5 child health",1,0,2,"evaluation of globalisation impact on child health",0,"research",7,0,0,"Saskatoon",190,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1015,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Saskatoon"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1015,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaSaskatoon",2,1,0]
["Theunissen, J.; Duurkoop, P.; Kikkert, M.; Peen, J.; Dekker, J.",2013,"The aftermath of the reduction in inpatient care and treatment II: Cross-sectional study relating to the health, the need for care, the quality of life, social functioning and the integration in society of chronic mental patients in Amsterdam","Background: The move from less hospital care to more community-based care was expected to have positive results for long-term mental patients. It was believed that independent living would improve the quality of life and promote better social functioning and better integration into society. The basic idea was that the needs of patients would be better served by outpatient care. Aim: To map particulars relating to illness symptoms, functioning, care needs, quality of life, extent and features of the social network and social integration of a group of long-term psychiatric patients in Amsterdam 15 years after the closure of the Santpoort psychiatric hospital. Method: Interviews and questionnaires were used to obtain information from a stratified sample of long-term mental patients in the care of the mental health organisations in Amsterdam. Results: 323 patients and those who were treating them were interviewed. Most group members were fairly elderly and one-third suffered from schizophrenia. More than half of the group had long-term psychiatric problems. Most of the patients were in poor health, half of the group had somatic symptoms and a quarter abused alcohol or drugs. Patients and doctors had varying views on whether patients' needs had been met. Patients had few social contacts. About one-third of these social contacts were with fellow-patients. Patients living independently caused few or no problems in the city. However, these patients were more often victim of discrimination, social exclusion and criminality. Conclusion: Many patients with long-term mental illness considered their current quality of life to be reasonably good and were satisfied with the health care they received. However, the limited number of social contacts, inadequate integration into society and the poor health of many patients are matters that still give cause for concern. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie","PsycINFO","Journal Article","mental health (assessing outpatient care)",2,25,2,"move from inpatient to outpatient care",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Amsterdam",4,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1016,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"amsterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1016,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsamsterdam",30,2,0]
["Jozaghi, Ehsan; Andresen, Martin A.",2013,"Should North America's first and only supervised injection facility (InSite) be expanded in British Columbia, Canada?","Background: This article reports qualitative findings from a sample of 31 purposively chosen injection drug users (IDUs) from Vancouver, Surrey and Victoria, British Columbia interviewed to examine the context of safe injection site in transforming their lives. Further, the purpose is to determine whether the first and only Supervised injection facility (SIF) in North America, InSite, needs to be expanded to other cities. Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted in a classical anthropological strategy of conversational format as drug users were actively involved in their routine activities. Purposive sampling combined with snowball sampling techniques was employed to recruit the participants. Audio recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically using NVivo 9 software. Results: Attending InSite has numerous positive effects on the lives of IDUs including: saving lives, reducing HIV and HCV risk behavior, decreasing injection in public, reducing public syringe disposal, reducing use of various medical resources and increasing access to nursing and other primary health services. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to expand the current facility to cities where injection drug use is prevalent to reduce overdose deaths, reduce needle sharing, reduce hospital emergency care, and increase safety. In addition, InSite's positive changes have contributed to a cultural transformation in drug use within the Downtown Eastside and neighboring communities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Harm Reduction Journal Vol 10 Feb 2013, ArtID 1","PsycINFO","Journal Article","IDU",2,13,2,"supervised injection facility",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Vancouver",234,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1017,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Vancouver"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1017,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaVancouver",2,1,2]
["Nakaima, April; Sridharan, Sanjeev; Gardner, Bob",2013,"Towards a performance measurement system for health equity in a local health integration network","While there is a growing literature on building performance measurement systems for health equities, this literature for the most part has not dealt with the challenges of coordinating the various parts of the system, the heterogeneous nature of such systems, or how evaluations and measurement can themselves improve performance. This paper describes the initial steps taken to build a performance measurement system to coordinate health equity across 18 hospitals led by the Toronto Central Local Health Integration Network, which is a regional health authority serving a population of more than 2.5 million residents (near in population to Chicago and Rome) and the most socially diverse urban network in Ontario, Canada. This paper also describes some principles that can help inform a performance measurement system. The innovative aspect of this paper is that these principles were developed through feedback by the hospitals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Evaluation and Program Planning","PsycINFO","Journal Article","health ",2,8,2,"performance measurement system ",4,"regional health authority",5,0,0,"Toronto",215,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1018,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Toronto"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1018,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaToronto",2,1,0]
["Wang, H.; Lee, Matthew; Hart, Adante; Summers, Amber C.; Steeves, Elizabeth Anderson; Gittelsohn, Joel",2013,"Process evaluation of Healthy Bodies, Healthy Souls: A church-based health intervention program in Baltimore City","Soaring obesity rates in the United States demand comprehensive health intervention strategies that simultaneously address dietary patterns, physical activity, psychosocial factors and the food environment. Healthy Bodies, Healthy Souls (HBHS) is a church-based, community-participatory, cluster-randomized health intervention trial conducted in Baltimore City to reduce diabetes risk among urban African Americans by promoting healthy dietary intake, increased physical activity and improvement to the church food environment. HBHS was organized into five 3-8-week phases: Healthy Beverages, Healthy Desserts, Healthy Cooking, Healthy Snacking and Eating Out and Physical Activity. A three-part process evaluation was adopted to evaluate implementation success: an in-church instrument to assess the reach, dose delivered and fidelity of interactive sessions; a post-intervention exposure survey to assess individual-level dose received in a sample of congregants and an evaluation form to assess the church food environment. Print materials were implemented with moderate to high fidelity and high dose. Program reach was low, which may reflect inaccuracies in church attendance rather than study implementation issues. Intervention components with the greatest dose received were giveaways (42.0-61.7%), followed by taste tests (48.7-53.7%) and posters (34.3-65.0%). The dose received of general program information was moderate to high. The results indicate successful implementation of the HBHS program. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","n","Health Education Research","PsycINFO","Journal Article","duplicate of 15970",1,1,2,"Church based intervention on diet and activity",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1019,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1019,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Park, Sang Chul",2013,"Sustainability, smart growth and the improvement of public health: Regarding healthy urban governance and physical environment","To deal with modern public health concerns and the interests of physical environment, many local governments devise a comprehensive plan to address public health improvement. The purposes of the comprehensive plan are to integrate public health interests with local policy sectors as well as to seek developmental growth and environmental protection. While many local governments attempt to reconnect between the comprehensive plan and the goals of public health, not all local governments do provide a comprehensive plan for public health improvement. This dissertation investigates four questions to explore the policy choice of comprehensive planning to explicitly address public health: (1) which local contextual factors affect the adoption of the comprehensive plan, (2) to the extent of the first question, which factors including urban politics and collaborative planning governance create the integrative set in order to incorporate public health in local policy sectors, (3) which health outcomes and factors associated with the existing population health status influence the adoption of the plan, and finally (4) to the extent of third question, what are the direct and indirect causalities among health factors, urban politics, and the adoption of the plan. In terms of the above research questions, this dissertation highlights three theoretical perspectives. The first perspective is urban politics by which a political institution takes into account the mediating effect of institutions as a product of interactive processes among elected politicians, the community, and interest groups. It is more likely for the politics in healthy urban governance to be highlighted in terms of collective will and whether or not a political institution can pursue a majority rule. Second is the multidisciplinary policy action which encompasses the joint actions among inter-sectoral and inter-organizational collaboration. This perspective suggests that, rather than bureaucratic fragmentation, health policy oriented specialization and professionalization, the multilateral policy actions should be operated in light of collective will, shared norms, and agreements. Third is a place-based population health which views population health as differently shaped by existing physical, social, and environmental conditions. Moreover, this view concentrates on the presumption that the creation of efficient and effective interaction among people, environment, and economy comes first so as to increase high accessibility toward physical activities; so as to promote social inclusion; and so as to enhance social connectivity. In five published data sources (i.e, 2011 survey of 'Comprehensive Planning For Public Health', U.S Census Bureau, National Population Health in Wisconsin Health Institute, Municipal Year Book), Heckman Selection Model and Path analysis are utilized as analytical methods. The empirical results explore whether urban politics, collaborative planning governance, and place-based population health influence the adoption of the comprehensive plan and the integrative sets of the plan. The empirical evidence shows that the adoption and integrative set of the comprehensive plan for public health improvement are a product of the willingness of local politics which represent governmental responsibility and accountability; a product of inter-sectoral policy collaboration; a product of collective action between local planning agencies and health departments; a product of poorly-shaped community health status; and a result of the mediating role of political institutions with community health status. This dissertation suggests that the combination of entire urban plan and the goals of public health is an aggregated preference of citizen, local politics, governing bodies, interest groups, and existing population health status, and physical environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","public health",1,0,2," comprehensive plan\n\n",7,"policy",5,2,2,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1020,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1020,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Iruka, Nkemdiri C.",2013,"An economic evaluation of a patient navigation program for improving cancer screening adherence among elderly African Americans in Baltimore city","Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in cancer outcomes continue to persist, with African Americans disproportionately affected. Patient navigation is a novel intervention that may hold promise for mitigating cancer disparities by alleviating barriers to timely and quality cancer care among underserved populations. Despite the proliferation of patient navigation programs across the United States, the evidence base on affordability and cost-effectiveness of such programs is lacking. This dissertation seeks to contribute to closing these gaps in the evidence of the economic efficiency of patient navigation. Methods: This study was an economic evaluation of the patient navigation program implemented within the Cancer Prevention and Treatment Demonstration for Racial and Ethnic Minorities study (CPTD), a community-based randomized controlled trial conducted in Baltimore City, Maryland, from 2006 to 2010. Participants were African American Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and over (N=2593). This dissertation used data from those participants who responded at one-year follow-up (n=1118). In the CPTD study, the effectiveness of patient navigation for improving breast, cervical, colorectal, and prostate cancer screening adherence was compared to the provision of educational materials. The incremental cost and cost-effectiveness of patient navigation, over a one-year period, were assessed from the healthcare payer and societal perspectives. Results: Over a one-year period, the incremental cost of patient navigation was $298 per person from the payer perspective and $367 per person from the societal perspective. The incremental cost per additional person screened for any cancer was $9,943 from the payer perspective and $12,239 from the societal perspective (however, the estimate of effectiveness that corresponds to these values was not statistically significant). The incremental cost per additional person screened for all cancers was $3,729 from the payer perspective and $4,590 from the societal perspective. Conclusions: The cost of patient navigation in the CPTD study was high but comparable to that of other similar cancer screening promotion programs. Community-based patient navigation programs may be cost-effective for improving cancer screening outcomes among elderly African Americans in urban settings. More research on the cost and cost-effectiveness of patient navigation, particularly those from community-based programs targeting African Americans, is needed to corroborate these findings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","cancer",2,22,2,"patient navigation program ",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1021,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1021,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Smpokos, Emmanouil A.; Linardakis, Manolis; Kogevinas, Manolis; Kafatos, Anthony G.",2012,"Does a health education program for 5-8 year old children improve physical activity and fitness indices?","(from the chapter) To assess whether a health education intervention programme implemented for one academic year to young children (5-8 years old) influence targeted variables such as blood pressure, body measurements and fitness indices. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: A representative sample of 798 students [359 intervention group (IG) and 439 control group (CG] from 23 schools (1st, 2nd, and 3rd school grade) aged 5-8 years was selected in the city of Chania in Crete (Greece). Blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured and a physical activity questionnaire completed in order to assess children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Physical fitness was assessed with the eurofit battery test. Results: At the end of the experimental period it was found that the girls from the IG had significantly higher average values in waist to hip ratio (WHpR) (p = 0.001) compared to the girls in the control, higher average value in 20 meters shuttle ran test (p = 0.008), were also observed in this group. No significant findings were observed for boys. No overall improvement of physical fitness was found for both genders. Similarly no significant changes were observed in the anthropometric variables in the two groups for both genders. Furthermore, children's MVPA levels were found to be different in gender, implying that the intervention was effective more in boys than in girls (p = 0.764) vs(p = 0.569). Conclusions: The current study indicates a favourable effect of the intervention program on physical activity level and fitness indices for both sexes at the end of the program. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).","y",null,"PsycINFO","Book","physical health",1,0,2,"health education programme",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Chania, Greece",45,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1022,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Chania"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1022,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"greece"},"greeceChania",29,3,1]
["Rydin, Yvonne; Bleahu, Ana; Davies, Michael; Davila, Julio D.; Friel, Sharon; De Grandis, Giovanni; Groce, Nora; Hallal, Pedro C.; Hamilton, Ian; Howden-Chapman, Philippa; Lai, Ka-Man; Lim, C.; Martins, Juliana; Osrin, David; Ridley, Ian; Scott, Ian; Taylor, Myfanwy; Wilkinson, Paul; Wilson, James",2012,"Shaping cities for health: Complexity and the planning of urban environments in the 21st century","The Healthy Cities movement has been in process for almost 30 years, and the features needed to transform a city into a healthy one are becoming increasingly understood. The Commission met during November, 2009, to June, 2011, to provide an analysis of how health outcomes can be improved through modification of the physical fabric of towns and cities and to discuss the role that urban planning can have in the delivering of health improvements. The Commission began from the premise that cities are complex systems, with urban health outcomes dependent on many interactions and feedback loops, so that prediction within the planning process is fraught with difficulties and unintended consequences are common. Complexity thinking stresses that the development of a plan that anticipates all future change for these issues will not be possible. Instead, incremental attempts to reach a goal need to be tried and tested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).","y","The Lancet","PsycINFO","Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"changes to physical environment",2,"commission to look at health",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1023,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1023,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Tinajeros, F.; Miller, W.; Castro, L.; Artiles, N.; Flores, F.; Evans, J.; Mendoza, S.; Urquia, M.; Rodriguez, X.; Paz-Bailey, G.",2012,"Declining sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers: The results of an HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention strategy in Honduras, 2006-08","In 2006, we Implemented an HIV and sexually transmitted Infection (STI) prevention programme for female sex workers (FSWs) in three Honduran cities. All FSW attending STI clinics underwent regular examinations and STI testing. Information on condom use with different partners was collected at each visit. After three years, we detected a significant decline in the prevalence of syphilis from 2.3% at the first screening to 0.0% at the third screening (P = 0.05), and of chlamydia, from 6.1 % to 3.3% (P = 0.01). No changes were observed in the prevalence of gonorrhoea or trichomoniasis. The cumulative HIV prevalence remained constant (P = 0.44). Reports of condom use with clients increased from 93.8% to 98.9% (P < 0.001). The implementation of an HIV/STI prevention programme in FSW has contributed to increases in condom use with clients and the reduction in syphilis and chlamydia prevalence. The intervention should be strengthened and considered as part of a national health policy strategy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","International Journal of STD & AIDS","PsycINFO","Journal Article","HIV and STI prevention",1,2,1,"HIV / STI prevention programme",1,"programme",0,0,0,"3 cities - names not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1024,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1024,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",31,1,2]
["Koda, Mirna Yamazato; da Silva, Diego Vinicius; Santos Machado, Maria Aparecida dos; da Silva Naldos, Sabrina Maria",2012,"Groups with health community agents: From helplessness to the construction of new healthcare possibilities","The Family Health Program (FHP), is a political strategy adopted by the Health Ministry to promote the transformation of the traditional basic healthcare. The health community agent (HCA) has a key role in the FHP being the main link between the healthcare unit and the community. With a supervised internship in Community Psychology from the Psychology Course at Sao Francisco University, a group was formed with HCAs from the FHP unit of a city in the state of Sao Paulo. The objective of the group was to debate the work done at the health unit, seeking to establish a leading posture in facing daily difficulties. For such, the operative groups postulated by Enrique Pichon-Riviere were used as reference, and it was observed, throughout the process, great helplessness on most of the agents. This issue was approached using several activities and strategies to strengthen group bonding. At the end of this research, the HCA could fulfill a role with greater responsibility in relation to the work done in the area. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Psicologia: Ciencia e Profissao","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Healthcare transformation",2,40,2,"HCA group discussion",1,"Activities and strategies to strengthen group bonding",1,3,0,"City in state of Sau Paulo",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1025,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1025,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,2,0]
["Schober, Daniel John",2012,"An empirical study of community and family interventions to promote physical activity among Latino youth","Physical inactivity contributes to risks for chronic disease and premature death (World Health Organization, 2010). Community coalitions play an important role in addressing and preventing chronic diseases (Butterfoss, Goodman, & Wandersman, 1993). This dissertation examines two intervention efforts related to the Latino Health for All Coalition's action plan, using an ecological perspective (McLeroy, Bibeau, Steckler, & Glanz, 1988). The first study involved a universal intervention to promote physical activity among Latino boys and girls (age 5-15) in Kansas City by offering structured soccer sessions consisting of soccer drills and informal games. These structured soccer sessions were promoted though an informal, flyer-based campaign. An empirical case study design and related measures were used to answer four questions: (1) How effective was the campaign in attracting overweight and obese Latino youth? (involved analysis of a paper-and-pencil survey by parents of participating youth), (2) How frequently did participants attend? (involved analysis of weekly attendance records), (3) How much moderate-to-vigorous physical activity did participants accumulate during these informal soccer sessions? (involved the use of Actigraph accelerometers), and (4) How satisfied were parents and youth with these physical activity opportunities? (involved analysis of a paper-and-pencil survey at the concluding session). Results show that 74 youth attended at least one of the weekly soccer sessions (90.5% Hispanic/Latino, 43.2% overweight or obese). On average, youth attended 4.2 sessions; there was no difference in attendance rate by gender (t(40)=2.08, p=0.48) or body mass index category [F(2, 49) = 0.16, p = 0.85]. A convenience sample of 12 participants accumulated 18.8 to 22.2 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during a single soccer session. Both children and parents expressed high levels of satisfaction with the structured soccer sessions. In conclusion, these structured soccer sessions enabled a diverse group of Latino children and youth to accumulate about a third of their daily requirement of physical activity, in an enjoyable way. The second study examined a targeted family-based intervention to promote physical activity in home settings. It involved Latino children (3 boys, 2 girls), ages 5 to 7. The intervention occurred during the summer (June - August). Parents were taught to set weekly physical activity goals for their children, develop weekly behavioral contracts, and reinforce short bouts of physical activity. Children wore Actigraph accelerometers during waking hours to monitor changes in physical activity levels. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services guidelines for physical activity were reviewed with parents, followed by weekly accelerometer feedback on their child's physical activity level. A multiple baseline design was used to examine the effects of the intervention on daily levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The intervention resulted in large changes in physical activity for one participant and minimal increases in daily levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for three of the remaining four participants. Factors that explain the variance in initial increase in physical activity (e.g., the home and neighborhood environment) were explored. Parents were able to implement most intervention components well, with the exception of their ability to consistently reinforce 10-minute bouts of physical activity. Finally parents expressed high levels of satisfaction with the intervention. Targeted interventions that train parents to set goals and develop behavioral contracts show promise for increasing the physical activity levels of children. Future research is needed to determine the longer-term effects of such interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Chronic diseases",1,29,2,"Interventions to promote physical activity",1,"coalition",2,0,0,"Kansas city",101,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1026,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kansas City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1026,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaKansas City",1,1,1]
["Denktas, S.; Bonsel, G.; Van der Weg, E.; Voorham, A.; Torij, H.; De Graaf, J.; Wildschut, H.; Peters, I.; Birnie, E.; Steegers, E.",2012,"An urban perinatal health programme of strategies to improve perinatal health","Promotion of a healthy pregnancy is a top priority of the health care policy in many European countries. Perinatal mortality is an important indicator of the success of this policy. Recently, it was shown that the Netherlands has relatively high perinatal death rates when compared to other European countries. This is in particular true for large cities where perinatal mortality rates are 20-50% higher than elsewhere. Consequently in the Netherlands, there is heated debate on how to tackle these problems. Without the introduction of measures throughout the entire perinatal health care chain, pregnancy outcomes are difficult to improve. With the support of health care professionals, the City of Rotterdam and the Erasmus University Medical Centre have taken the initiative to develop an urban perinatal health programme called 'Ready for a Baby'. The main objective of this municipal 10-year programme is to improve perinatal health and to reduce perinatal mortality in all districts to at least the current national average of l0 per 1000. Key elements are the understanding of the mechanisms of the large health differences between women living in deprived and non-deprived urban areas. Risk guided care, orientation towards shared-care and improvement of collaborations between health care professionals shapes the interventions that are being developed. Major attention is given to the development of methods to improve risk-selection before and during pregnancy and methods to reach low-educated and immigrant groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","n","duplicate","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Reducing perinatal mortality",1,8,2,"Urban perinatal 10 year health programme",1,"City led. Risk guided care, orientation towards shared-care and improvement of collaborations between health care professionals ",5,2,0,"Rotterdam",173,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1027,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rotterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1027,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsRotterdam",30,3,0]
["Willis, T.; Potrata, B.; Hunt, C.; Rudolf, M.",2012,"Training community practitioners to work more effectively with parents to prevent childhood obesity: The impact of HENRY upon children's centres and their staff","Background: One in four children in England is overweight/obese upon starting school. HENRY (Health Exercise Nutrition for the Really Young) offers a novel, preventive approach to this problem by training practitioners to work more effectively with the parents of preschool children around obesity and lifestyle issues. The programme is being delivered to all Sure Start Children's Centres (the UK government initiative providing family support and childcare in disadvantaged areas) in Leeds, UK. Methods: The evaluation covered the first 12 Centres to be trained (these had a reach of approximately 5000 families). A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with Centre managers, and 'drop boxes' were provided for all staff to leave their comments. Interviews took place up to 11 months post-training, allowing a consideration of any long-term impact. Results: Data from 12 interviews and 106 comment slips indicated that HENRY training was associated with considerable changes to the Centre environment. Immediate effects included changes to Centre policy and practice, including the provision of age-appropriate portion sizes and the introduction of healthy snacks; a strengthening of team working and increased staff confidence around tackling lifestyle change; and enhanced skills when working with families. Training also induced changes within the staff's personal lives (e.g. increased physical activity and family mealtimes). Conclusions: The findings suggest that positive and lasting lifestyle effects can be achieved by brief training courses involving Children's Centre staff teams. Both staff and attendant families appear to benefit. The effect on levels of preschool obesity across the city once HENRY has extended to the remaining Centres is yet to be seen. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Childhood obesity prevention",1,1,2,"Preventative approach with training for sure start practicioners",1,"Training programme for practitioners",2,0,0,"Leeds",113,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1028,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Leeds"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1028,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLeeds",3,3,1]
["Whitehill, Jennifer Mendel",2012,"Street outreach for youth violence prevention: Lessons from implementation of the ceasefire model in Chicago and Baltimore","CeaseFire is a public health program that reduced gun violence in several Chicago neighborhoods. Two types of outreach are central to the model: (1) the mediation of street conflicts and (2) the engagement, mentoring, and case-management of high-risk youth to help them make positive changes in their lives. An increasing number of communities are adopting CeaseFire or similar models, but little research has examined the specific activities of street outreach and the process of implementing it. A two-part study was conducted; the formative phase involved analysis of conflict mediation records from the CeaseFire replication in Baltimore, and the primary research phase was a multiple-case study of the Ceasefire model in Chicago and Baltimore. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups and interviews with program staff and review of program documents. The staff practices, management techniques, and features of the local context perceived to support effective street outreach were identified. Outreach and implementation activities were similar in the two cities. Outreach staff must have street credibility, be respectful of youth and community members, and be patient. Most outreach workers were ex-offenders; the inclusion of law enforcement and community members in the hiring process helps ensure that applicants are no longer involved in crime. In Baltimore, where conflict mediation and case-management duties were combined in one position, managers believe that separation of these roles would be preferable. Conflict mediation is complex and frequently involves gang members and weapons; outreach staff help potential shooters consider the consequences of their actions rather than reacting instinctively with violence. Assisting youth in obtaining employment was viewed as a key to reducing their risk of involvement in violence. Shooting reductions may be easier to attain in more isolated communities where less violence comes from passers-through. Ceasefire sites may benefit from considering the extent to which the recommendations derived through this study apply in their setting. If perceived effectiveness is correlated with true effectiveness, the use of the tactics described here may help this promising model achieve its full life-saving potential. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Prevention of youth violence",1,0,2,"1 - mediation of street conflicts\n2 - supporting high-risk youth to make positive changes in their lives",1,"Outreach programme",0,0,0,"Baltimore\n\nChicago",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1029,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1029,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Harter, Martin; Kentgens, Maren; Brandes, Andreas; Bock, Thomas; Dirmaier, Jorg; Erzberger, Melanie; Furstenberg, Werner; Hillebrandt, Bernd; Karow, Anne; von dem Knesebeck, Olaf; Konig, Hans-Helmut; Lowe, Bernd; Meyer, Hans-Jochim; Romer, Georg; Rouhiainen, Tuula; Scherer, Martin; Thomasius, Rainer; Watzke, Birgit; Wegscheider, Karl; Lambert, Martin",2012,"Rationale and content of psychenet: The Hamburg Network for Mental Health","With the public-funded research and development project psychenet: the Hamburg Network for Mental Health (2011-2014), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research contributes to strengthening healthcare regions in Germany by establishing new trans-sectoral cooperations and implement and evaluate selected innovations. More than 60 partners from research, health care, health industry and government in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg are promoting innovative measures to improve the treatment for mental disorders. The main objective is to implement integrated healthcare networks based on evidence for effective treatment methods, deriving from high-quality research throughout five indications such as psychosis, depression, somatoform and functional syndromes, anorexia and bulimia and addiction illnesses in adolescence. Those networks are accompanied by additional measures, for example, for improving information and education, addressing occupational health or strengthening the participation of patients and their families suffering from mental illness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Improve treatment for mental disorders",2,25,2,"Implement integrated healthcare networks",3,"Collaborative programme",2,3,0,"Hamburg",84,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1030,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hamburg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1030,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},{"$f":"+V1030&U1030","v":"germanyHamburg"},28,3,0]
["Jozaghi, Ehsan",2012,"Science versus politics: The need for supervised injection facilities in Montreal, Canada","In Canada, it is estimated that there are more than 125,000 injection drug users (IDUs) many of whose lives are marked by poverty, homelessness and mental illness. In addition to the spread of infectious diseases, Montreal has a drug overdose epidemic, with up to 70 deaths per year being documented in recent years. In order to reduce the community and public health of injection drug use, Montreal has developed a range of preventative measures for blood-borne viruses since the 1980s. Needle exchange programs (NEPs) formed the cornerstone of prevention efforts in Montreal when the first NEP began distributing sterile syringes in 1989 and were later supplemented by pharmacies that sold new syringes without requiring a prescription. Vancouver was the first North American city to open its doors to a supervised injection facility (SIF). The SIF in Vancouver was viewed as a pragmatic solution to curb the spread of infectious blood borne pathogens and acute problem of drug overdose by providing safe and hygienic environments. The disagreement between the city administration and the provincial public health officials regarding the locations of SIFs is putting the lives of IDUs at risk by delaying the process. Currently there is an urgent need to open a SIF in Montreal in areas with high concentration of drug use and socioeconomic disadvantage. Implementing SIFs could be based on the goals of preventing infectious disease, reducing risky behavior, reducing drug overdose deaths, reducing violence, reducing public injection, reducing discarded syringes in public, improving care and improving safety. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","International Journal of Drug Policy","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Preventing infectious disease /  reducing drug overdose deaths /  improving care and improving safety",2,2,1,"Opening supervised injection facilities",3,"New facilites",3,0,0,"Montreal",136,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1031,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Montreal"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1031,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaMontreal",2,1,0]
["Farley, Thomas A.; Van Wye, Gretchen",2012,"Reversing the obesity epidemic: The importance of policy and policy research","The epidemic of obesity clearly falls in this category. Two thirds of Americans are obese or overweight. The way to reverse this epidemic is by altering that environment again, through policy and system changes that make the new default behaviors those that maintain energy balance. Policy solutions to social problems often are controversial because of the fear of change and because of vested interests in the status quo. Unfortunately, data on key questions that arise during policy development are often lacking. Several papers in this supplement to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine exemplify research that is relevant to obesity policies. In New York City, we have developed an agenda around obesity research and evaluation that includes assessments of the retail environment, surveys of New Yorkers' attitudes and opinions about sugary drinks, and biometric characterization of the physical activity levels of residents. Research of this type, and the interaction between such research and policy implementation, will be an ongoing need until this epidemic is reversed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","American Journal of Preventive Medicine","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Obesity prevention",1,1,2,"Retail environment assessments, surveys of attitudes and biometric characterization of the physical activity levels",2,"Policy and system changes",1,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1032,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1032,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Nunn, Amy; Eng, Whitney; Cornwall, Alexandra; Beckwith, Curt; Dickrhan, Samuel; Flanigan, Timothy; Kwakwa, Helena",2012,"African American patient experiences with a rapid HIV testing program in an urban public clinic","Background: Of 1174 new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases diagnosed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 2008, a total of 771 (66%) were among African Americans. Philadelphia recently introduced a citywide rapid HIV testing program in public clinics. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study among 60 African Americans undergoing rapid HIV testing in one of Philadelphia's public clinics located in a zip code with high HIV incidence. Employing grounded theory, we used semistructured interviews to assess patients' motivations, perceptions, and clinical experiences with rapid HIV testing. Interviews were transcribed and coded; 20% were double coded to enhance reliability. Results: Primary motivations for undergoing rapid HIV testing included: testing during routine clinical care, presenting for care with symptomatic sexually transmitted infections or opportunistic infections, knowing someone living with HIV/ AIDS, and perceiving oneself at risk for HIV. Most patients reported positive experiences with rapid testing and preferred it to conventional testing because it eliminated the need for return visits and decreased anxiety; however, many expressed concerns about accuracy of rapid HIV testing. Barriers to HIV testing among this population included low self-perceived risk, HIV stigma, and reported homophobia in respondents' communities. Conclusion: This rapid testing program was acceptable, convenient, and preferred over conventional HIV testing. Providing educational information about rapid and confirmatory HIV testing may further enhance acceptability of rapid HIV testing in this population. Nationwide expansion of rapid HIV testing in public health centers is an important and acceptable means of achieving President Obama's National AIDS Strategy goals of reducing racial disparities in HIV infection and improving linkage to HIV/AIDS treatment and care services. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Journal of the National Medical Association","PsycINFO","Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,"HIV testing programme",3,"service reform",3,0,0,"Philidelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1033,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1033,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,1]
["Dietze, Paul; Winter, Rebecca; Pedrana, Alisa; Leicht, Astrid; Roca, Xavier Majo i; Brugal, M.",2012,"Mobile safe injecting facilities in Barcelona and Berlin","Safe Injecting Facilities (SIFs) have been operating in various locations across the developed world for over 20 years. Typically located in close proximity to established drug market and drug injecting precincts, SIFs provide a sanctioned space for the injection of drugs (Rhodes et al., 2006). These 'enabling environments' have been shown to have a range of public health benefits, from improvements in the management and response to acute drug overdose through to successful referral to other services. Most SIFs described in the literature are located at a fixed site in close proximity to established drug markets with such a drug scene seen as a pre-requisite for the establishment of a SIF. The mobile SIFs in both Barcelona and Berlin are comprised of especially fitted-out vans with three injection booths. Two vehicles in Berlin are housed in Fixpunkt premises overnight and then currently head to one of two locations: Bahnhof Zoo (Friday-Saturday, 14.00-18.00) and Stuttgarter Platz (Monday, 14.00-18.00). Clients of the mobile SIFs are registered after an initial assessment, which provides an opportunity for further referral if required (in Berlin this may include referral to a mobile counselling and treatment van that accompanies each SIF, while in Barcelona this may include referral to the nearby community health centre). Following registration, there are no restrictions on access in Barcelona. Unfortunately, for legal reasons people who inject drugs (PWID) who are in methadone treatment are not allowed to enter the Berlin SIF. It is important for harm reduction interventions to adapt to different circumstances according to local conditions. Services need to evolve as drug market conditions change over time and/or place, for example as a result of police operations. The services operating in Berlin and Barcelona share many features and are clearly able to provide service to PWID with the support of local communities. Since commencing work on this editorial it has come to our attention that a mobile SIF has been operating in Copenhagen on an intermittent basis and that there are plans to open similar facilities in other cities. While it is likely that these mobile facilities will produce benefits for PWID and the wider community, further research is needed in order to determine whether or not this is the case. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","International Journal of Drug Policy","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Drug Injecting",2,2,1,"Mobile Safe injecting facilities",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Berlin\n\nBarcelona",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1034,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1034,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,3,0]
["Pinter-Grigoras, Ana Maria",2012,"Effectiveness of after-school interventions on positive youth development in culturally diverse urban communities","This study investigated the effectiveness of after-school interventions in enhancing positive youth development (PYD) by comparing three after-school programs and focusing on determinants of program effectiveness in a community sample of ethnically diverse, low-income, urban children and adolescents in the five boroughs of New York City. PYD was operationalized as Five Cs: Competence, Confidence, Connection, Character, and Caring. The study analyzed data collected during 2006-2007 for the evaluation of three after-school programs: Partners in Healing (PIH), Violence Prevention Program (VPP), and 21st Century Community Learning Centers (21st CCLC). Mixed regression models were used to assess program effectiveness in fostering PYD and explore potential moderating variables. Results were reported separately for the 4th-8th and 9th-12th grade samples in an effort to improve model specifications and control for age and potential measurement and instrument errors. Notable program effects were obtained for all three interventions indicating that program participation was associated with statistically significant increases in indicators of PYD. Across programs, middle school students appeared to benefit more than high school youth from their program participation as they reported enhancements in cognitive, social, and behavioral competence, as well as confidence, character, caring, and total PYD. High school youth endorsed increases in cognitive and behavioral competence, connection, and character. These findings are meaningful and important as they reveal the power of these after-school programs to support adaptive developmental regulations and foster healthy psychological growth. A clinical model of intervention in after-school programs is proposed and future research directions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","youth development",1,0,2,"After-school programmes",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1035,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1035,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Ross, Michael Killoran; Craig, Pauline",2011,"Tackling inequalities in primary care mental health","Purpose: This paper aims to describe the development activity undertaken by a primary care mental team and public health specialists in Glasgow aimed at expanding the capacity of the primary care team to tackle health inequalities in the local area. Design/methodology/approach: In association with the Glasgow Centre for Population Health (GCPH), a partnership between National Health Service Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow University, Glasgow City Council and the Scottish Government, work was undertaken to address inequalities within mental health in the context of service provision. Findings: In an attempt to progress work on inequalities, a suitable model was required and the approach offered by the GCPH was a valuable starting point. Through a systematic consideration of available approaches, and the baseline position, it was possible to begin to reflect on potential interventions, and to consider ways in which outcomes could be measured and reviewed. This process, which evolved in discussion within the team and senior management, became an important starting point for longer term action. It provided a means of beginning to grapple with the impact of inequalities on service provision, and was an important first step in prioritizing possible approaches. Originality/value: The team is considering further collaboration with GCPH to explore how they might assess the extent of mental health and well-being concerns in their population and the implications for future service development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Journal of Public Mental Health","PsycINFO","Journal Article","mental health inequalities",2,8,2,"Collaboration",0,"Collaborative programme",2,0,0,"Glasgow",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1036,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1036,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",3,3,0]
["Whitman, Steven; Shah, Ami M.; Benjamins, Maureen R.",2011,"Urban health: Combating disparities with local data","(from the jacket) The 1980s opened a discussion of the varying nature of health in different segments of the United States. Falling under the rubric of \"health disparities,\" a great deal of research has been published demonstrating the substantial differences in health status between groups within a population. The causes of health disparities are varied and not always clear but most researchers agree that disparities are a reflection of social and economic inequities and political injustice. One of the obstacles to addressing disparities is the lack of meaningful local health data, especially for vulnerable populations, which is often nonexistent despite being a critical factor for informing health programs and policies at the local level. This book describes how a landmark health survey in Chicago generated dramatic data that are allowing investigators throughout the city to move from data to action and from observation to intervention. It provides a new model for combating health disparities that includes the collection of local health information, the genuine engagement of community members and organizations, and the implementation of interventions for sustainable change. Eight case studies are provided to illustrate just how researchers worked with communities to identify and address health problems including smoking, obesity, asthma, and diabetes. In providing a detailed description of how the community-focused collection and analysis of health data can serve as an impetus for improved well-being. This book is an invaluable resource for researchers, community groups, students and professionals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y",null,"PsycINFO","Book","Heath disparities",1,0,2,"health survey and community interventions",7,"Health survey / case studies",2,0,0,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1037,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1037,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",1,1,0]
["Rojas-Rueda, David; de Nazelle, Audrey; Tainio, Marko; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.",2011,"The health risks and benefits of cycling in urban environments compared with car use: health impact assessment study","Objective: To estimate the risks and benefits to health of travel by bicycle, using a bicycle sharing scheme, compared with travel by car in an urban environment. Design: Health impact assessment study. Setting: Public bicycle sharing initiative, Bicing, in Barcelona, Spain. Participants: 181 982 Bicing subscribers. Main outcomes measures: The primary outcome measure was all cause mortality for the three domains of physical activity, air pollution (exposure to particulate matter <2.5 microm), and road traffic incidents. The secondary outcome was change in levels of carbon dioxide emissions. Results: Compared with car users the estimated annual change in mortality of the Barcelona residents using Bicing (n = 181 982) was 0.03 deaths from road traffic incidents and 0.13 deaths from air pollution. As a result of physical activity, 12.46 deaths were avoided (benefit:risk ratio 77). The annual number of deaths avoided was 12.28. As a result of journeys by Bicing, annual carbon dioxide emissions were reduced by an estimated 9 062 344 kg. Conclusions: Public bicycle sharing initiatives such as Bicing in Barcelona have greater benefits than risks to health and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","BMJ: British Medical Journal","PsycINFO","Journal Article","health risks and benefits of cycling",1,10,2,"bicycle sharing scheme",2,"policy",1,0,0,"Barcelona",13,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1038,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Barcelona"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1038,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainBarcelona",4,3,2]
["Zhang, D.; Mou, J.; Cheng, J.; Griffiths, S.",2011,"Public health services in Shenzhen: A case study","As one of the fastest growing cities in Pearl River Delta of southern China, Shenzhen accommodates a higher percentage and increasing number of internal migrants, mainly coming from the inland areas. The public health issues that challenge its local government include the special population structure, high incidence of infectious diseases, high prevalence of mental problems, rising chronic disease burdens, and maternal and children's health issues, although progress has been made in the past years. The health authority of Shenzhen has realized that provision of high quality equitable public health services to its residents, including migrants is of high priority, and should be supported by innovations in the health insurance system and establishment of community-based primary care networks. Making changes within the national-level health reform framework and learning from international experiences are necessary and important. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Public Health","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Public health ",2,0,2,"Innovations in the health insurance system and establishment of community-based primary care networks",3,"health dept",5,0,0,"Shenzhen",202,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1039,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shenzhen"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1039,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaShenzhen",5,4,0]
["Chapon, Pierre-Marie",2011,"The WHO age-friendly cities program raises the issue of strategic planning, coordination and local political structure","In 2005 the World Health Organization initiated the <<global age-friendly cities project which encourages cities to be more inclusive of older people and to develop seniors' involvement by setting up a continuous cycle of assessment and improvement of urban living. The conclusions of the first french audit, which was made in Lyon in 2011, raise the issue of the capacity of cities to implement projects in all the areas fostering active aging. The question of strategic planning and of the level of intervention is relevant for the topics selected, and especially that of health. Is the present organization between the different actors satisfactory, or should large cities have more power? Co-ordination is necessary, and the creation of <<gerontopoles could bring an answer. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Geriatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement","PsycINFO","Journal Article","increase seniors' involvement",1,0,2,"WHO age friendly cities",0,"Audit",2,0,0,"Lyon",122,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1040,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Lyon"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1040,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"france"},"franceLyon",27,3,0]
["da Silva Cais, Carlos Filinto; da Silveira, Isabel Ugarte; Stefanello, Sabrina; Botegaee, Neury Jose",2011,"Suicide prevention training for professionals in the public health network in a large Brazilian city","The objective of this study was to improve health professionals' knowledge and attitudes toward suicide prevention. A suicide prevention training of 18 hours duration was conducted with 270 health professionals, mainly primary care workers, who were routinely involved with patients at high risk for suicide. Questionnaires were used to assess changes in attitudes and knowledge. The score in the knowledge questionnaire, with 21 points as maximum value, increased from 8.9 to 13 points (p < .001, significance level of 95%). Of the 25 questionnaire items representing attitudes, 18 showed significant change after the training. This training model has enhanced knowledge and attitudes toward suicide prevention in healthcare workers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Archives of Suicide Research","PsycINFO","Journal Article","suicide prevention",1,25,2,"suicide training for health professionials",1,"training",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1041,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1041,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,2,0]
["Charaus, Brigitte M.",2011,"What lies beneath; uncovering the health of Milwaukee's people, 1880-1929","The true measure of a city's health is the health of its people. To truly understand how Milwaukee came to be known as the \"healthiest city\" in 1930, one must examine the health needs of common Milwaukeeans from 1880 to 1929. This study seeks to complement Judith Leavitt's pioneering work on public health in Milwaukee by presenting a picture, not of the politics of health reform, but of the personal side of health in the city. Through an extensive examination of records including, but not limited to, coroner's reports, hospital records, personal correspondence, newspapers, cemetery data, and institutional records, a picture of the overall health of the city's population emerges. These records speak of the urban environment and its effects on everyday people. Communicable diseases, tragic accidents, suicides, physical examinations, venereal diseases, housing problems, and occupational hazards are only a portion of the health story that Milwaukee created at the turn of the last century. While political and institutional histories are essential, the story told here focuses on the people of Milwaukee and their experiences. While the city would dramatically grow and change during the twentieth century, its people remained its most valuable asset. As a city initially defined by German, Polish, and Italian immigrants, today Milwaukee has significant Hispanic and Hmong communities. The immigrant groups have changed but the challenges of living in the urban environment remain the same. The health of the city as a whole, as well as of its everyday citizens, is a strong indicator of its general economic, social, and physical health. Sick citizens create a sick city, both on a biologic level and an economic level. By bettering their individual health, the health of the overall city improves. The lessons and challenges that Milwaukeeans faced in the early twentieth century provide insight and models for Milwaukeeans of the twenty-first century. While breweries will make Milwaukee famous, it is her citizenry that makes the city prosper. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Public health ",1,0,2,"Examine the health needs of residents from 1880 to 1929",7,"examination of records",0,0,0,"Milwaukee",132,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1042,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Milwaukee"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1042,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaMilwaukee",1,1,0]
["Javadi, Mohammad Hossein Moshref; RaziehGol",2011,"Service quality evaluation in general department of health insurance of Fars Province using a SERVQUAL model (case study: Shiraz)","Considering the significance of the Service-Providing sector, the improvement of service quality in this sector has always been of a special significance. This goes far enough to regard the high-quality service as one of the most important challenges of service-providers in this century. So, to improve and evaluate the quality of their services, all service-providers have to identify the needs and expectations of their customers at the first step. SERVQUAL model is one of the most important models widely used to evaluate the quality of services of service-providers on a customer-oriented basis. This model has been used in this study in order to evaluate the quality of services provided by Health Insurance Organization of Fars Province (Shiraz). Considering its applied purpose and its data collection method, this study is a descriptive and survey-based type The instrument used in this study is a Servqual standard questionnaire. The research population was all of insured people in Shiraz city. The questionnaire was distributed among and completed by a statistical sample composed of 400 insured people in Shiraz Health Insurance Organization. Number of Samples was gained from Krejcie & Morgan Table. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS17. To investigate the hypotheses, Wilcoxon test was used and to investigate the difference in the preferences of the insured, Freedman Test was applied as well. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant difference between the expectations of the insured and their perceptions of the service quality dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy). There is also a significant difference in prioritization of these dimensions according the insured. Considering the average scores, the dimension of reliability was the most important one, and the dimensions of responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangibles ranked next, respectively. Conclusion: Based on these results, the expectations of the insured do not conform to their perceptions of the situation and their expectations have not been met in all dimensions of service provision. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business","PsycINFO","Journal Article","service quality",2,40,2,"Evaluate the quality of service provision",0,"SERVQUAL model (survey)",0,0,0,"Shiraz",197,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1043,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shiraz"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1043,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"iran"},"iranShiraz",33,4,1]
["Achara-Abrahams, Ijeoma; Evans, Arthur C.; Kenerson King, Joan",2011,"Recovery-focused behavioral health system transformation: A framework for change and lessons learned from Philadelphia","(from the chapter) The concept of recovery is fast becoming the prevailing paradigm in behavioral health policy arenas. Consequently, behavioral health care systems are trying to align their services with a recovery-oriented approach. To date, no blueprint exists to guide systems and communities through the complex process of transformational change. The vision of \"what\" a recovery-oriented system looks like is becoming increasingly clear, but the process for \"how\" systems transform and align themselves with this vision remains obscure. This chapter draws upon work in the City of Philadelphia to propose a framework for the recovery-focused transformation of behavioral health systems. Concrete examples of change strategies and lessons learned are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y",null,"PsycINFO","Book","system transformation",2,0,2,"Align with recovery-orientated systems",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Philidelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1044,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1044,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,0]
["Isett, Kimberley R.; Sparer, Michael; Glied, Sherry A.; Brown, Lawrence D.",2011,"Aligning ideologies and institutions: Reorganization in the HIV/AIDS services administration of New York City","How effective was organizational reform implemented inside one critical New York City health agency? Specifically, we examine the extent to which the reorganization of the HIV/AIDS Services Administration (HASA) into the Medical Insurance Services Administration (MICSA) achieved three goals: (1) realizing synergies among the component MICSA programs; (2) cross-fertilizing ideas among MICSA agencies; and (3) facilitating HASA operations through the lens of organization change theory. Qualitative methods including interviews, site visits, and document analysis triangulate the effects of the reorganization. Implications for organization change literature are explored, especially highlighting where more theoretical and empirical studies are needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Public Administration Review","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Organisational reform",2,2,1,"Service reogranisation",3,"service re-organisation",3,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1045,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1045,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Odlum, Michelle Lisa",2011,"An exploratory analysis of factors associated with use of the Internet and a continuity of care document for persons living with HIV/AIDS in New York city","Background. Healthy People 2020 identified as a Focus Area the need for improved interactive Health Communication and Health IT in disparate populations. Attainment of this goal includes: (1) increasing access to the Internet as essential for obtaining health information and health promotion efforts; and (2) increasing the use of electronic personal health management tools (EPHMTs) as essential for keeping track of personal health information. Statement of the problem. For these objectives to be achieved, a more comprehensive perspective on the predictors of Internet and EPHMT use in special needs, chronically ill populations must be identified. There is currently a lack of definitive research that: (1) Explores predictors of Internet use; (2) Identifies contributing factors to use of EPHMTs; (3) Examines the acceptance of and satisfaction with EPHMTs [e.g. Continuity of Care Document (CCD)] in disparate populations of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). With a special needs population of PLWH, the current study sought to assess technology experience by the examination of potential predictors of Internet use, to explore the perceptions of PLWH, their Healthcare Providers and Care Site Mangers regarding the implementation of a CCD and to evaluate the extent to which PLWH believe a CCD to be useful and simple to use. Procedures and methods. PLWH enrolled in a Medicaid/Managed Care plan, completed a survey that assessed predictors of health outcomes and Internet use. Pre-CCD implementation focus groups and interviews were conducted to identify factors that may potentially impact system use. CCD users completed a survey that gathered perceptions of the system's effectiveness. Results. PLWH that were younger, higher educated, with favorable perceptions of personal health, were significantly more likely to use the Internet. Qualitative results identified potential barriers to CCD use and strategies to facilitate use. CCD users believed the system to be useful in managing healthcare needs and enhancing care. Conclusions. Study results contribute to the identification of factors associated with use of the Internet and EPHMTs in a special needs population of PLWH. Results can be used to inform population-level strategies to overcome disparities, inform enhancements and modifications of existing EPHMTs, and guide future Health IT efforts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","HIV / Aids",1,2,1,"Improved interactive Health Communication and Health IT",4,"service reform",0,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1046,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1046,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Kircher, Amy Lynn",2011,"Use of early biological detection data by decision makers to minimize the consequences of no-notice infectious disease outbreaks","New and reemerging diseases pose significant challenges to the United States. Providing decision makers with data early to help characterize the event may allow for better-informed decisions and the initiation of appropriate responses. There is a limited amount of literature on the factors that lead decision makers to implement the appropriate response. The purpose of this study was to generate knowledge about the use of early biological detection by decision makers. A case study design of two cities was employed to determine if early biological detection capability affected the decisions to implement public health interventions. Multiple methodologies were used to collect and analyze data from primary and secondary sources. A review of previous outbreaks provided insights into disease characteristics and response activities which were used to build realistic disease scenarios for use in key informant interviews. Interviews with decision makers in each of two cities were conducted to understand how early biologic data were used, the availability of data, and to determine decision making processes. Several overarching themes emerged: data types, sources, and confidence is varied among different professional types of decision makers; strong relationships support the notification of an event and assist in effective, rapid response; public relationships and the media are beneficial partners in response with ability to rapidly communicate guidance; authority for decision making is unclear during crisis; significant events initiated preparedness activities in each city; and the 2009 H1N1 experience tested the US's capability to respond to a public health crisis. Federal and local stakeholders have a role to play in improving the level of preparedness of cities for a public health emergency. At the federal level, an assessment of federally funded biological detection capabilities and an appropriate realignment of federal support based on actual threat is required to improve the capacity for our cities to rapidly respond. In addition, the federal government has a unique opportunity to identify and fund cities to participate in National Special Security Events and National Level Exercises which improves their preparedness posture as a community. Our nation's cities have the responsibility to understand their information requirements and create an infrastructure that supports appropriate decision making. This study presents a plan to help local governments assess their information requirements and create an information network. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","infectious disease outbreaks",1,41,1,"biological data for decision making",3,"use of data",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1047,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1047,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Lehning, Amanda J.",2011,"Local government adoption of aging-friendly policies and programs: A mixed methods approach","Aging-friendly communities share three characteristics: (1) individuals can continue to pursue and enjoy interests and activities, (2) supports are available so that individuals with functional disabilities can still meet their basic health and social needs, and (3) older adults can develop new sources of fulfillment and engagement (Lehning, Chun, & Scharlach, 2007). Framed by an internal determinants and diffusion model, this study uses a sequential explanatory mixed methods research design to explore (1) the extent to which 101 cities in 9 counties in a geographically and economically diverse metropolitan area have adopted aging-friendly policies, programs, and infrastructure changes in the areas of community design, housing, transportation, health care and supportive services, and opportunities for community engagement, and (2) the diffusion factors, community characteristics, and government characteristics associated with such adoption. The researcher collected and analyzed quantitative and qualitative data from four types of respondents: city planners/community development directors, directors of county adult and aging services, county transportation authority employees, and public transit officials. In the quantitative phase, the researcher combined primary data collected via online surveys with secondary data from the 2000 U.S. Census and the 2000 California Cities Annual Report. In the qualitative phase, a subsample of 18 survey respondents participated in open-ended telephone interviews to provide a more in-depth understanding of the process of the adoption of aging-friendly innovations and expand on the quantitative findings. For the first research question, the most common aging-friendly innovations adopted by local governments include those that target alternative forms of mobility, including incentives for mixed use neighborhoods, infrastructure changes to improve walkability, discounted public transportation fares, and changes to improve accessibility of public transit. The least common policies and programs are those that aim to help older adults continue driving and those that provide incentives to develop accessible new housing for older adults. For the second research question, bivariate analyses of city-level data provide partial support for an internal determinants and diffusion model. Cities with a larger total population, larger percent of the population with a disability, and have experienced public pressure or individual advocacy for aging-friendly innovations adopted more aging-friendly policies, programs, and infrastructure changes. Contrary to hypotheses, cities with higher population educational attainment, higher median household income, and a larger proportion of the population age 65 and older adopted fewer aging-friendly innovations. Qualitative interviews offered potential explanations for these results. First, disability groups may be more active than older adults in terms of advocating for the adoption of certain aging-friendly innovations, such as accessible housing and walkable neighborhoods. Second, communities whose population enjoys a higher socioeconomic status may not perceive a strong role for local government in terms of creating more aging-friendly communities, and these residents may get their needs met through nongovernmental sources. Third, while there was no significant association between per capita government spending and the adoption of aging-friendly innovations, interviews suggest that funding plays an important role, and perhaps grant funding, slack resources, and recent increases or decreases in local government financial resources are a better measure of this factor. Finally, qualitative interviews indicate that future studies should explore additional factors, including communication, collaboration, and state and federal mandates. The findings of this study suggest research and practice implications that should be fu... (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Age-friendly cities",1,0,2,"aging-friendly policies and programs",0,"various policy initiatives",1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1048,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1048,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Fox, Jonathan Franklin",2011,"How effective are public health education programs, unfettered farm markets and single sex schools?","My dissertation examines the effectiveness of three policy choices in meeting socio-economic goals. The first analyzes the impact of public health education and poverty relief on child mortality in the early twentieth century, when infant and child mortality rates in the United States were startlingly high. During the 1920s, the rates dropped significantly and only part of the declines can be attributed to major sanitation and water projects in cities. Using a fixed effects identification strategy and adjusting to 2007 dollars, about $29,000 in public health education spending and about $781,000 in poverty relief spending were each associated with an infant death avoided. In comparisons with many modern programs, these costs associated with saving infant lives in the early 1920s were low. After controlling for city-specific trends in mortality, the effect of public health education programs is attenuated. This potentially suggests that with public health education, it is the stock of knowledge that is important. The second part of my dissertation examines the sensitivity of agricultural prices and output to local and non-local weather fluctuations in the United States prior to 1932, when markets were relatively open and largely unfettered by modern farm programs. The price sensitivity to these local and non-local weather fluctuations is estimated for the crops cotton and wheat, which have relatively low transport costs and are primarily exported to non-local markets, as well as for corn and hay, crops with high transport costs and used in local productive activities. For cotton and wheat, changes in local weather seem to have little effect on farm-gate prices, while changes in weather affecting the aggregate market play an important role. Corn and hay prices are much more sensitive to changes in state-level temperature, precipitation, and drought conditions. The third study examines the returns to education for women who attended a college with a predominantly female population. Using the program evaluation framework and matching techniques, I find that attending a female-dominated school yields positive labor market effects on the order of about 15 percent upon first entry into the labor market but that these effects seem to diminish over time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Child mortality",1,0,2,"public health education and poverty relief",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1049,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1049,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Shelley, Donna; Nguyen, Nam; Peng, Cha-Hui; Chin, Margaret; der-Chang, Ming; Fahs, Marianne",2010,"Increasing access to evidence-based smoking cessation treatment: Effectiveness of a free nicotine patch program among Chinese immigrants","Pharmacotherapy substantially increases smoking cessation rates. However, programs to reduce barriers to this evidence-based treatment may not improve access among high risk immigrant non English speaking populations. This study estimates the effectiveness of a tailored free nicotine patch (NRT) program among Chinese American smokers living in New York City (NYC). Between July 2004 and May 2005 NRT was distributed to 375 smokers through two community-based organizations that serve the Asian American population in NYC. Participants completed an in person baseline survey and a 4-month follow-up telephone survey. Using an intention to treat analysis the abstinence rate at 4 months was 26.7% (100/375). Predictors of cessation included higher levels of self efficacy at baseline, not smoking while using the patch and concern about personal health risks. Distribution through easy to access, culturally competent local community organizations increased the reach of a free nicotine patch program and assisted smokers in quitting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health","PsycINFO","Journal Article","smoking cessation",1,7,2,"nicotine replacement treatment (NRT) patch program",3,"free NRT patches",5,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1050,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1050,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Schober, Madrean",2010,"Singapore: At the hub of advanced practice nursing development in Asia","Advanced practice nursing (APN) has been progressing in Singapore since 1997, when a national nursing task force recommended implementation of a nurse clinician role to keep highly skilled nurses in clinical practice. A hybrid model based on the clinical nurse specialist and nurse practitioner roles in the United States provides the foundation for the Singaporean advanced practice nurse (APN). This city/state of 4.5 million people has steadily carved its niche in a region of the world where Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, and Taiwan are also joining a worldwide movement of countries considering advanced nursing roles as an option for healthcare delivery. The path to successful role implementation in Singapore has been fraught with confusion over what the APN can do that is different from the generalist nurse. In order to make nursing attractive and competitive as a professional option, a massive infusion of funds for scholarships is available in Singapore for those leaving secondary education or wanting to make a career switch into nursing. The implementation of APN roles is having a transformative effect on the healthcare systems of Singapore. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners","PsycINFO","Journal Article","workforce retention",2,0,2,"creating Advanced Practice Nurse roles",3,"taskforce recommendation",3,0,0,"Singapore",198,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1051,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Singapore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1051,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"singapore"},"singaporeSingapore",52,4,0]
["Randoll, Stephen E.",2010,"The politics of public health in Chicago, 1850-1930","This dissertation is a study of the impact of political considerations on public health efforts in Chicago to control epidemic diseases. Often, political considerations have a negative impact on public health outcomes, but not always. The study focuses on the municipal institutions managing these epidemics, with particular attention paid to efforts to control the influenza epidemic of 1918, the various political pressures placed upon those institutions in the city of Chicago, and the effort after 1918 to attempt to restrict the growing authority of the Health Commissioner to shape and direct public health policy in the city. Chicago suffered from recurrent epidemics of cholera and smallpox in the nineteenth century. The effort to control these epidemics led to the establishment of a professional Department of Health with a sizeable bureaucracy and budget. The growth of the Department led various politicians in the city to attempt to assert control over the Department's budget for use as political patronage. Conflict between the Commissioners of Health and city politicians and other elites hampered efforts to improve the public health of the city's residents. Then in 1918, when the influenza epidemic of that year reached Chicago, Health Commissioner John Dill Robertson pursued a policy of cooperation with the various political, business and religious leaders in the community. This cooperation resulted in a lower mortality rate from influenza than many cities, such as Philadelphia, experienced in 1918. Still, the growth of the Commissioner's authority and prestige provoked a backlash. In the 1920s the courts ruled the Health Commissioner exceeded his authority and compelled a reorganization of the Department of Health, which subsequently shut down in 1930-1931. The City Council reorganized the Department, establishing a Board of Health to determine public health policy and not a Commissioner of Health. However, the newly established President of the Board of Health, by following a policy of cooperation with various interests, came to dominate public health decision-making in Chicago just as the Commissioner of Health had. This study suggests the best public health outcomes result from efforts by public health officials to cooperate with rather than combat political interests. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Epidemic diseases",1,41,1,"policy of cooperation with the various political, business and religious leaders in the community",0,"Health Commissioner / political impact on public health efforts in Chicago",5,1,2,"Chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1052,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1052,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",1,1,1]
["Stewart, Cindy",2010,"Police intervention in mental health crisis: A case study of the Bloomington Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) program","Owing to the closure of state mental hospitals and limited funding for mental health programs, police increasingly must respond to calls involving persons in mental health crisis. Unfortunately, police officers often do not have the skills or the resources to respond effectively. As a result, many mentally ill persons are arrested and subsequently incarcerated leading to an endemic problem of jails and prisons acting as \"the new asylums.\" In many communities, police and mental health service providers have joined forces to address this problem. One response, which first emerged in Memphis, Tennessee, is Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training for police officers. Programs modeled on the Memphis CIT training have been adopted across the United States. Indeed, several states are currently considering mandating that all state and local police agencies provide CIT training to their officers. As the program has spread, however, police agencies have adapted the Memphis Model in different ways. As a result, there is no national model or standard for what constitutes CIT training. In particular, there are questions about what the role of mental health advocates should be in designing the CIT training, whether all police officers in a department or only volunteers should receive CIT training, and how the training can be adapted for cities of different size. Moreover, little is known about whether CIT training actually improves police officers' responses to persons in mental health crisis. Building on two pilot studies this research combines qualitative and quantitative data to address these questions of content and effectiveness. This study examines the larger community context of one CIT program through interviews and focus groups with police officers, medical personnel and community members. In addition, this study utilizes data from officer-completed incident response sheets to examine the effects of CIT training. Specifically, the study addresses (1) whether CIT training affects how frequently officers report persons as having a mental illness, (2) how officers respond to and resolve incidents involving persons whom they believe to be in mental health crisis, and (3) whether there are differences in responses between CIT and non-CIT trained officers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","mental health",1,25,2,"MH training for Police",1,"training",0,0,0,"Bloomington",19,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1053,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Bloomington"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1053,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USABloomington",1,1,0]
["Macy, Jonathan T.",2010,"The impact of tobacco control policy on smoking-related attitudes and behaviors: A study of smoke-free air laws in Texas cities","Due to the tremendous burden of disease that results from cigarette smoking, a wide variety of interventions have been introduced in an effort to reduce tobacco use. One such intervention is the implementation of policies that restrict smoking in worksites and public places. While these policies are primarily intended to protect the public from exposure to secondhand smoke, there is growing evidence that they are also effective in reducing smoking. What is still largely unknown, however, is the mechanism by which smoke-free air policies change smoking behavior. This research used the Theory of Planned Behavior as a guiding theoretical framework to: (1) investigate whether smoke-free air laws influence quitting intention through changes in attitude toward quitting, subjective norm about quitting, or perceived behavioral control over quitting, and (2) test the combined effect of behavioral intention and exposure to a comprehensive smoke-free air law as a prospective predictor of taking measures to quit smoking. The two studies utilized data collected in 2007 from 395 adult smokers living in seven Texas cities. The cities were chosen because of the differing levels of strength of smoke-free air laws that had been implemented in the cities. One-month follow-up data were collected from 190 participants. The data were collected by telephone administration of a questionnaire. Results from Study 1 showed that for smokers living in a city with a comprehensive smoke-free air law, attitude toward taking measures to quit smoking, subjective norm about taking measures, and perceived behavioral control over taking measures were all significantly associated with intention to take measures. For smokers living in a city without a comprehensive smoke-free air law, only attitude and perceived behavioral control were significantly associated with intention. There was a marginally significant difference in the regression coefficients for subjective norm about taking measures to quit smoking between smokers living in a city with a comprehensive law and smokers living in a city without such a law. These findings suggest that smoke-free air laws may influence quitting behavior through changes in norms. Results from Study 2 showed that, compared to smokers with low behavioral intention to take measures to quit smoking and no exposure to a comprehensive smokefree air law, the smokers with high behavioral intention and exposure to a comprehensive law had the greatest odds of taking measures to quit smoking. This study provides further evidence that the most successful smoking cessation campaigns will be multi-faceted and focus on both individual and environmental factors. The findings from this research provide insight into how smoke-free air laws influence behaviors related to quitting smoking and how tobacco control interventions may be most effective in reducing smoking. Reducing the negative health and economic impact of cigarette smoking will continue to require a multi-faceted approach. Interventions that work to increase individual smokers' intentions to engage in quitting behavior must go hand-in-hand with policy-based tobacco control interventions that change the social environment. INDEX WORDS: Cigarette smoking, Smoke-free air laws, Cessation, Intention, Subjective norm, Tobacco control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Smoking",1,7,2,"Tobacco control policy",2,"restriciting smoking policies",1,4,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1054,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1054,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Olin, S.; Hoagwood, Kimberly E.; Rodriguez, James; Ramos, Belinda; Burton, Geraldine; Penn, Marlene; Crowe, Maura; Radigan, Marleen; Jensen, Peter S.",2010,"The application of behavior change theory to family-based services: Improving parent empowerment in children's mental health","We describe the development of a parent empowerment program (PEP) using a community-based participatory research approach. In collaboration with a group of dedicated family advocates working with the Mental Health Association of New York City and state policy makers, academic researchers took an iterative approach to crafting and refining PEP to better prepare family advocates to help bridge the gaps in service access among children with emotional and behavioral problems. Despite the growth of family-led, family support programs nationally, research that demonstrates the positive benefits of such programs is scarce in the children's mental health literature. The PEP model is based on research data about barriers families face in mental health service utilization (e.g., stigma, perceptions of providers, attitudes towards mental illness, service availability, etc.). PEP is premised on (a) the concept of empowerment as a process, (b) the need to engage parents in becoming active agents of change, and (c) the application of an integrated framework to empower parents, called the Parents as Agents of Change model. Our paper focuses on describing the application of a Unified Theory of Behavior Change as a theoretical framework to help activate parents as change agents in meeting their children's mental health needs. Based on an integrated model of grassroots driven Principles of Parent Support and research-based Unified Theory of Behavior Change, PEP's Parents as Agents of Change model provides a conceptual framework for testing the effectiveness of family support services in children's mental health, a much-needed area for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Journal of Child and Family Studies","PsycINFO","Journal Article","child mental health",1,25,2,"Parent empowerment programme",1,"collaborative program",2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1055,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1055,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["No authorship, indicated",2010,"Practice notes: Strategies in health education","The objective of this article is to monitor the progress in the promotion of walkable community initiatives. The surveillance of pedestrian activity levels is essential in monitoring progress toward national and state goals to decrease obesity and overweight. A comprehensive plan involving environmental changes and health promotion was developed to create a walkable community in the city of Erlanger, Kentucky. The National Documentation Project (NDP) survey tool is being used to measure change in pedestrian and bike counts over a 5-year period during which both environmental changes and health promotion programming will be initiated. The NDP annual bicycle and pedestrian count and survey is sponsored by the Institute of Transportation Engineers Pedestrian and Bicycle Council. The tool is simple to use and economical, and community volunteers can be easily trained. The NDP survey tool provides an economical way for public health, planning professionals, and elected officials to report on the progress of the investment in infrastructures that promote walking. It provides a cost-effective and sustainable strategy tool for evaluation of walkable community initiatives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","n","Health Education & Behavior","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Obesity prevention",1,1,2,"promoting walkable community initiatives",2,"comprehensive plan",1,2,0,"Erlanger, Kentucky",70,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1056,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Erlanger"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1056,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAErlanger",1,1,0]
["Economos, Christina D.; Curtatone, Joseph A.",2010,"Shaping up Somerville: A community initiative in Massachusetts","We live in an era of low expectations for big ideas. On the environment, on health insurance, on the economy, the public and policy-makers alike display real cynicism about achieving transformative change. Shape Up Somerville (SUS), however, demonstrates that communities have considerable ability to shape attitudes and behaviors that significantly improve public health and transform the quality of life for their citizens. SUS began as a 3-year, controlled, community-based participatory research (CBPR) trial designed to prevent and reduce obesity in early elementary schoolchildren, with core funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This research phase provided financial support for a planning and monitoring year during which key relationships were built between and among Tufts University's Medford and Boston, MA campuses; the City of Somerville, MA; and community agencies, while community needs were assessed. The publication of the first year results provided evidence that encouraged additional community-based participatory approaches to obesity prevention. Leadership, relationship building, community involvement, and sustainability have all been critical to the success of SUS. This article discusses the strategies that have been implemented, lessons learned, and some institutional factors that have proven to be important. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted to Practice and Theory","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Childhood obesity",1,1,2,"community-based participatory research (CBPR) trial ",0,"Assessed community needs",0,0,0,"Somerville",192,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1057,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Somerville"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1057,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSomerville",1,1,1]
["Fraze, J.; Uhrig, J.; Davis, K.; Taylor, M.; Lee, N.; Spoeth, S.; Robinson, A.; Smith, K.; Johnston, J.; McElroy, L.",2009,"Applying core principles to the design and evaluation of the ''Take Charge. Take the Test' campaign: What worked and lessons learned","Objectives: To describe the application of seven core principles to the design and evaluation of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing social marketing campaign as a case study example. Study design: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) used a structured social marketing approach, informed by the Ecological Model, the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Health Belief Model, to develop and evaluate a two-city campaign with print, radio and outdoor advertising; HIV telephone hotlines; an HIV website; community partnerships; and events to promote information seeking and HIV testing. Methods: The CDC applied seven core principles to design and evaluate the campaign, including formative research, the use of behavioral theories, audience segmentation, message design and pretesting, channel selection, process evaluation and outcome evaluation. Results: Over 200 partners in both cities contributed significantly to campaign efforts. Key informant interviews indicated that, due to increased coordination, city infrastructures for HIV testing improved. More than 9600 individuals attended campaign events in both cities, with 1492 rapid HIV tests administered and 14 newly-identified HIV individuals. Overall, event attendees responded positively to campaign materials and events, and free HIV testing opportunities. The campaign significantly increased information-seeking behaviors in the form of hotline calls and web searches. Audience reaction and receptivity to the final campaign materials was very high. Exposure to campaign messages was associated with increases in key knowledge items, intentions to get tested, and peer-to-peer communication. Conclusions: The seven core principles, including formative research, behavioral theories and extensive partnerships, acted synergistically to help a campaign reach its target audience with compelling, relevant messages and motivate them to seek information and get an HIV test. Rapid testing removes many barriers by providing a testing process that can be accessed and acted upon quickly in response to media exposure. Findings suggest that modifying the campaign in future implementations to encourage the target audience to attend and participate in rapid testing events, while expanding the number and reach of such events, may have considerable potential to measurably increase testing behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Public Health","PsycINFO","Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,"(HIV) testing social marketing campaign",1,"CDC and collaboration ",2,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1058,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1058,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Weist, Mark D.; Paternite, Carl E.; Wheatley-Rowe, Denise; Gall, Gail",2009,"From thought to action in school mental health promotion","In the global mental health movement, school mental health (SMH) promotion is an increasingly prominent approach and emerging field. Here, we chronicle the development of three innovations in SMH in the United States, from the early idea stage through development, current status and future directions. The innovations are The Ohio Mental Health Network for School Success, a prominent state initiative that is attempting to build a cogent shared school-family-community system agenda for SMH in one state, Expanded School Mental Health in Baltimore City, a prominent local initiative that has grown from involvement in four to 105 schools in 20 years, and the Mental Health Planning and Evaluation Template, an internet-based and user-friendly approach for quality assessment and improvement of mental health promotion in schools. Each example includes challenges and opportunities, and collectively they represent powerful ideas for moving school mental health promotion from thought to action. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","International Journal of Mental Health Promotion","PsycINFO","Journal Article","School mental health promotion",1,25,2,"Innovations in school mental health",1,"expanded school MH",2,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1059,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1059,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Agarwal, S.; Satyavada, A.; Patra, P.; Kumar, R.",2008,"Strengthening functional community-provider linkages: Lessons from the Indore urban health programme","Weak linkages between health providers and slum communities hinder the improvement of health services for India's urban poor. To address this issue, an urban health programme is implementing two approaches in Indore city, Madhya Pradesh, the demand-supply linkage approach and ward coordination approach. The former is based on the premise that building social capital, i.e. norms and networks within a community facilitating collective action, helps improve the demand and supply of health services for the urban poor. The latter focuses on encouraging local stakeholders to function in a coordinated manner to ensure better health service coverage in underserved slum areas. Findings suggest that the programme has enhanced utilization of services among Indore's slum communities and helped improve immunization coverage and other maternal and child health indicators. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice","PsycINFO","Journal Article","health services for urban poor",2,8,2,"urban health programme",1,"social capital and co-ordination of individuals to a collective manner ",2,0,0,"Indore city, Madhya Pradesh",98,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1060,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Indore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1060,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"india"},"indiaIndore",7,4,0]
["Saxton-Ross, Autumn",2009,"Physical activity and the urban form: How the built environment, residential density, residential segregation, income inequality, race, gender and education, influence physical activity in Atlanta, Georgia","Two-thirds of the American population does not meet physical activity recommendations. Although the public health system has attempted to address inactivity with interventions targeted at individual behavioral change, sub-group populations, specifically minorities, women, older adults, people with less education and those of lower socioeconomic status, still have significantly higher rates of inactivity. Often times, low physical activity levels translate into higher rates of chronic disease. Studies on the built environment (or the neighborhood in which one lives) have begun to examine how the physical structures in an area (a neighborhood or city) either promote or prevent physical activity. Research using the social ecological model considers individual (and their behavior) as a product of the settings in which they live and play. Grounded in the social ecological model, this study examines how race, gender, education, the built environment, residential density, residential segregation, and income inequality influences individual and neighborhood moderate and vigorous physical activity levels. Data from the Strategies for Metropolitan Atlanta's Transportation and Air Quality (SMARTRAQ) was used for this study. The SMARTRAQ study collected demographic, geographic, travel, land use and activity information from the 13-county Atlanta region. Several hypotheses were tested, including: the direct effects of level-1 factors (race, gender and education) and level-2 factors (net residential density, the built environment, residential segregation and income inequality) on individual moderate and vigorous physical activity levels, the effect of level-2 factors on neighborhood moderate and vigorous physical activity levels, and the moderating effects of the level-2 factors on the relationship between the level-1 factors and individual moderate and vigorous physical activity levels. A two-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) was used to examine the influence of both individual and neighborhood characteristics on moderate and vigorous physical activity levels, using HLM6 software. Findings showed that race, gender, education, residential segregation and income inequality had significant influence on individual moderate physical activity and that gender, education, net residential density and residential segregation had significant influence on individuals' vigorous physical activity. Residential segregation and income inequality were found to have a significant influence on neighborhood moderate physical activity levels, whereas net residential density, the built environment, and residential segregation were found to have a significant influence of neighborhood vigorous physical activity levels. Residential segregation had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between gender and individual moderate and vigorous physical activity levels. Net residential density had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between race and individual vigorous physical activity levels. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","low levels of physical activity",1,29,2,"Examine how race, gender, education, the built environment, residential density, residential segregation, and income inequality influences individual and neighborhood moderate and vigorous physical activity levels",2,"used data to examine variables affecting physcial activity levels",0,0,0,"Atlanta",8,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1061,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Atlanta"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1061,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAAtlanta",1,1,0]
["Collie-Akers, Vicki L.",2009,"Assuring health for all: An empirical case study of the Kansas City-chronic disease coalition's efforts to reduce risk for health disparities among racial and ethnic minorities","Health disparities have had a deep impact on the health status of minority populations over the last century. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the comprehensive community initiative implemented by the Kansas City Chronic Disease Coalition. The goals of this coalition were to prevent health disparities related to cardiovascular disease and diabetes experienced by African Americans and Latinos. This study relied on two measurement sources: the use of a documentation system to record instances of environmental change and a self-report behavioral survey. Between 10/01 and 9/07, the KCCDC implemented activities to support the mobilization of partners across all sectors of the community. This resulted in 655 community changes. These changes are associated with improvement in population-level outcomes. Between 2001 and 2005, the percentage of African American adults reporting consumption of five or more servings of fruits or vegetables daily increased from 16.4% to 26% (p=0.007). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","cardiovascular disease and diabetes",1,8,2,"comprehensive community initiative",2,"655 community change initiatives",2,0,0,"Kansas city",101,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1062,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kansas City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1062,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaKansas City",1,1,1]
["Carthon, Jacqueline Margo Brooks",2009,"No place for the dying: A tale of urban health work in Philadelphia's black belt, 1900-1930","The poor health status of Black Americans was a widely recognized fact during the first third of the twentieth century. In this period, much of the noted excessive mortality in blacks was linked to tuberculosis. Blacks were believed to succumb to the disease at higher rates due to physical traits, such as purported racially inherited defects, and factors related to the physical and social environment such as poor sanitation, overcrowding, and a lack of health care resources. At the opening of the twentieth century nowhere revealed the confluence of excessive mortality due to infectious disease and the dynamics of urbanization more readily than the city of Philadelphia. The Bureau of Health launched one of the city's first organized attacks against tuberculosis though failed to target the black community despite excessive mortality rates existing there. In the absence of a comprehensive agenda to specifically address tuberculosis in blacks by city legislation, several voluntary associations developed strategies to thwart the effects of the disease. This study examines the collective efforts of key private charitable associations who worked cooperatively with black residents and black medical professionals to launch a community-oriented attack against tuberculosis. The collective efforts of the Starr Centre, Henry Phipps Institute and Whittier Centre to address social and health problems in the black community are explored. The physical and social milieu of Philadelphia's black community is also examined and the relationship between these influences and higher rates of infectious disease is revealed. As policies related to the poor health of Black Americans are considered even today, it will require reflections on synergistic activities from urban health reformers living nearly a century ago. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","tb",1,34,1,"community-oriented strategies against tuberculosis",0,"collaboration of voluntary organisations",2,0,0,"Philidelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1063,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1063,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,0]
["Findley, Sally E.; Sanchez, Martha; Mejia, Miriam; Ferreira, Richard; Pena, Oscar; Matos, Sergio; Stockwell, Melissa S.; Irigoyen, Matilde",2009,"REACH 2010: New York City: Effective strategies for integrating immunization promotion into community programs","Most immunization coalitions have originated with health care providers, potentially excluding families without medical homes. This study focused on a community-based approach to providing timely vaccinations. A coalition of 23 organizations developed an immunization program in a low-income community in New York City. Nearly 1,000 community health workers incorporated immunization promotion into social service and educational programs. Outcomes were coverage rates for the 4:3:1:3:3 series at 19 to 35 months, which were compared with national data by ethnicity, as reported in the National Immunization Survey 2002-2006. Parents (n = 10,251) of children <5 years received immunization education and reminders. The 2003- 2007 rates of 80% equaled or exceeded the national rates for 19- to 35-month-olds, and the 2007 rate of 96.8% far surpassed the national average. Coalitions can effectively integrate immunization promotion activities into community programs. Immunization rate improvements maintained for a 5-year period, suggesting this approach to be sustainable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Health Promotion Practice","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Immunisation",1,42,2,"Community-based approach to providing timely vaccinations",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1064,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1064,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Garcia, Robert; Fenwick, Chad",2009,"Social science, equal justice, and public health policy: Lessons from Los Angeles","This paper presents a case study on using research and law to change public health policy. The City Project, working with teachers and school officials, is using social science and legal research to promote changes in public policy that hopefully will result in better and more equitably delivered physical education in public schools in Los Angeles, California. This case study shows that academics can work with lawyers and other practitioners, including teachers and organizers, to maximize the impact of their research. Facilities such as playing fields and gyms are essential for quality physical education. Studies on health disparities based on race, ethnicity, and income are relevant for compliance with civil rights and physical education laws. Failure to enforce physical education laws is a common practice by school districts in California and across the nation. Evidence-based research documents racial, ethnic and income disparities in physical education and health. Different alternatives may be available elsewhere, but a strategic campaign including coalition building, multidisciplinary research, media, policy and legal advocacy outside the courts, and litigation is likely to be a replicable model in other states or countries. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Journal of Public Health Policy","PsycINFO","Journal Article","physical education",1,8,2,"using social science and legal research to promote changes in public policy ",0,"coalition undertaking copmrehensive campaign",1,0,0,"Los Angeles",118,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1065,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Los Angeles"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1065,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaLos Angeles",1,1,0]
["Song, Hee-Jung",2008,"Development, implementation and evaluation of an urban food store intervention for Korean corner stores in Baltimore city","Obesity is the fastest growing health problem in the United States, and disproportionately affects minority ethnic groups in inner cities. Poor diet and eating habits are one of major contributors to the high rates of obesity and other diet-related diseases among African Americans. Those living in inner cities have numerous environmental constraints to the maintenance of a healthy diet, including distance to food sources and lack of various healthy foods in local food stores. Grocery stores offer important potential to improve food environment of community residents. In Baltimore, corner stores often have a lack of various healthy foods although small corner stores are used by more than 70% residents. In the U.S., many corner stores in urban communities are owned by Korean-Americans and target low-income African-American population. Baltimore Healthy Stores (BHS) is a store-based nutrition intervention program which seeks to improve diet quality and reduce diet related risk factors in low income African Americans by increasing the availability of and accessibility to healthy foods, and promoting these foods at the point of purchase. As a sub-study of the Baltimore Healthy Stores trial, this dissertation describes the development, implementation and evaluation of a culturally appropriate corner store-based nutrition program which incorporates Korean American corner stores as a venue of nutrition intervention. Using a quasi-experimental study design, seven corner stores and two supermarkets in East Baltimore received 10 month intervention and six corner stores and two supermarkets in West Baltimore served as comparison. Among stores participating in the program (13 corner stores, 4 supermarkets), most corner stores had closed store layouts. For example, about 77% of corner stores had a checkout counter enclosed in plexiglass and 39% kept customers from having direct access to their products (or entering the stores). Nevertheless, the majority of corner storeowners (92.4%) perceived that they had excellent or good relationships with their customers. The major determinant of current food stocking decisions was 'customer request' and healthy food stocking was positively and significantly associated with store owners' self-efficacy (p=0.05) and store layout (p=0.001). During the intervention implementation, intervention storeowners' perception and attitude about the program, motivators and barriers regarding the program participation were explored using in-depth interviews. Stores varied significantly in terms of perception and attitude about the program, storeowners' supportive atmosphere, and acceptability of intervention strategies. Supportive storeowners were more likely to have positive perspectives and attitudes toward the program and intervention approaches, and sustained promoted food stocking after the program was completed, as compared to less supportive storeowners. To evaluate the program feasibility, the pattern of promoted food stocking and sales, and change in store owners' psychosocial variables from baseline to post-intervention were assessed. Intervention stores were more likely to have improved availability of promoted foods at post-intervention and maintain the stocking of promoted foods at follow-up evaluation six month after the program had completed. Sales of promoted foods also increased moderately in intervention stores. Intervention storeowners showed statistically significantly higher self-efficacy for stocking some of promoted foods. This store-based intervention demonstrated that it was feasible to improve the availability of healthy foods and their sales in a low-income urban community. The study provides better understanding of the role and potential of corner stores as an important food source for low-income African American residents in Baltimore City and demonstrates that it is possible to improve the availability of healthy foods and their sales in a low-income urban community. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Obesity prevention",1,1,2,"store-based nutrition intervention program to increase availability of healthy food",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1066,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1066,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Suputtamongkol, Saipin",2008,"Technicians of the soul: Insanity, psychiatric practice, and \"culture-making\" in Southern Italy","This dissertation is about an episode in the development of Italian national mental health policy. Specifically, it focuses on what is called the Basaglia reform as it unfolded in the small city of Capua, in the region of Campania, southern Italy. These events began with passage of the second psychiatric law, known as law 180 (1978). By provisions of that law, Italy would become a country without asylums, where mental patients were no longer regarded as dangerous or unwanted outcastes. After passage of the new law, however, Italian psychiatrists discovered that change was to be a long-term process. They realized that effective practice did not result from a single set of codified, nationally enforced standards but needed to be culturally specific to each local moral world. The focus of this dissertation is the idea of psychiatric practice as a process of culture-making (the \"culturo-poetic\") as consciously articulated by local practitioners in the city of Capua. According to the Capuani, the conventional asylum was very much a replica of local culture. Thus, to better care for patients, it was essential that the local culture be transformed in two ways. First was an attempt to mobilize the cultural value of good upbringing (educazione). This process began by training staff members to hear and understand the underlying structure of intelligible noises and gestures produced by people suffering from mental disorders. Patients, once dismissed as the aberrant (diversi) could now be treated with respect. Second, Capuan psychiatrists acknowledged the changing medical environment of today's world. Though new psycho-pharmacological tools might help reduce or even eliminate symptoms, it did not reduce the number of psychiatric patients. Moreover, the practices sanctioned by law 180 together with the impact of the new medications served to undermine the traditional roles of family, school, and parish church in restoring health. This made patients even more dependent on physicians. To confront this phenomenon, psychiatrists in Capua attempted to create a psychiatry of engagement (psichiatria di collegamento). It aimed to restore the competence of traditional social institutions as well as to impart teaching of the new psychiatry to medical practitioners generally. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","mental health",1,25,2,"Staff training and culture change in response to national law to close asylums.",1,"education and mobilise social assets",4,4,0,"Capua",39,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1067,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Capua"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1067,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"italy"},"italyCapua",34,3,0]
["Thomson, H.",2008,"A dose of realism for healthy urban policy: Lessons from area-based initiatives in the UK","Many urban policies aim to improve areas and address socioeconomic deprivation. The resulting investment is often delivered through area-based programs which incorporate initiatives to improve the physical, social and economic environment. Hypotheses that these investments can contribute to wider public health strategies are based on epidemiological data and used to support the concept of healthy urban policy. However, there is little evidence on their ability to generate positive impacts on socioeconomic or health outcomes. The lack of validating evidence on actual impacts raises two important questions: (1) Is area-based investment an effective strategy to tackle socioeconomic deprivation? (2) What is the prospect for new and improved evaluations to provide stronger evidence? Both the programs of area investment and their accompanying evaluations have been criticized for being overly ambitious in what can be achieved by the investment and what can be measured by an evaluation. Area-based approaches to tackling deprivation have their advantages but a mix of area and individual-level targeting is likely to be needed. While there is scope to improve the utility of evaluation data there are also inevitable constraints on assessing and attributing impacts from urban investment. The inherent limitations to an area-based approach and the ongoing constraints on impact evaluation will inevitably temper expectations of what healthy urban policy can achieve. However, lack of evidence is not grounds to abandon the concept of healthy urban policy; adoption of more realistic expectations together with improved evaluation data may help to increase its credibility. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","PsycINFO","Journal Article"," physical, social and economic environment",1,0,2,"Investigating urban policy effectiveness",2,"not stated",1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1068,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1068,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",3,3,0]
["Bleakley, Amy; Merzel, Cheryl; Messeri, Peter; Gift, Tom; Malotte, C.; Middlestadt, Susan; VanDevanter, Nancy",2008,"Check out that body: A community awareness campaign in New York City","The authors evaluate the effectiveness of the small media campaign in raising community awareness about the importance of going for a health check up. Data were collected over time from 535 respondents ages 15-30 years using cross-sectional surveys in two low-income, predominantly African-American communities in New York city. Regression analyses indicated campaign material recognition at 15 months was significantly higher in the intervention community relative to the comparison community. There were no significant changes in social norms, attitudes, or beliefs. Media campaigns aimed at adolescents and young adults on a community-wide level are an effective means of gaining material recognition. Editors' Strategic Implications: This research illustrates the effect of a public health media campaign on awareness, but it also serves as a reminder to public health officials that awareness is not necessarily sufficient to promote attitudinal or behavioral health changes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","The Journal of Primary Prevention","PsycINFO","Journal Article","health check up ",1,0,2,"media campaign",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1069,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1069,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Goldstein, Sue; Perlman, Harriet; Smith, Caroline Jane",2008,"Health education in action in Southern Africa: Soul City","(from the chapter) This chapter analyzes the development and implementation of the Soul City model-using health communication, self efficacy and behavior change messaging in mass media edutainment materials-to effect positive behavior change on three levels: the socio-political, the community and the individual. It also analyzes some of the results of this model on southern African communities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y",null,"PsycINFO","Book","not stated",1,0,2,"mass media edutainment materials",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1070,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1070,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",53,6,0]
["Goetz, Barry; Mitchell, Roger E.",2006,"Pre-arrest/booking drug control strategies: Diversion to treatment, harm reduction, and police involvement","Elements of a \"pluralized\" drug policy have been emerging in the United States that attempt to augment punishment with an emphasis on enhanced public health and therapeutic measures. While much of this reform involves compulsory treatment diversion, a \"middle ground\" to reform has involved the use of pre-arrest/booking strategies in support of harm reduction policies and noncompulsory treatment diversion. In this examination of the cities of Baltimore and San Francisco, we argue that such strategies have proven problematic because of the contradictions inherent in pluralized drug control models that attempt to reconcile abstinence and prohibitions against drug use with tolerance and outreach. We identify two primary factors contributing to these contradictions. The first is an emphasis on compulsory treatment diversion mechanisms in the United States, and in the obverse, disagreements over the wisdom of harm reduction in drug policy reform. The second are limitations on the policing role in social outreach, or what we call here \"reintegrative\" community policing, involving both organizational factors on the part of law enforcement and resistance from community activists and public health agencies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Contemporary Drug Problems: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly","PsycINFO","Journal Article","pluralized drug policies",1,13,2,"pre-arrest/booking strategies in support of harm reduction policies and noncompulsory treatment diversion",0,"not stated",1,0,0,"Baltimore \n\nSan Francisco",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1071,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1071,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Yaggy, Susan D.; Michener, J.; Yaggy, Duncan; Champagne, Mary T.; Silberberg, Mina; Lyn, Michelle; Johnson, Fred; Yarnall, Kimberly S.",2006,"Just for Us: An Academic Medical Center-Community Partnership to Maintain the Health of a Frail Low-Income Senior Population","Purpose: To promote health and maintain independence, Just for Us provides financially sustainable, in-home, integrated care to medically fragile, low-income seniors and disabled adults living in subsidized housing. Design and Methods: The program provides primary care, care management, and mental health services delivered in patient's homes by a multidisciplinary, multi-agency team. Results: After 2 years of operation, Just for Us is serving nearly 300 individuals in 10 buildings. The program is demonstrating improvement in individual indices of health. Medicaid expenditures for enrollees are4hifting from ambulances and hospital services to pharmacy, personal care, and outpatient visits. The program is not breaking even, but it is moving toward that goal. The program's success is based on a partnership involving an academic medical center, a community health center, county social and mental health agencies, and a city housing authority to coordinate and leverage services. Implications: Just for Us is becoming a financially sustainable way of creating a \"system within a nonsystem\" for low-income elderly persons in clustered housing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","The Gerontologist","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Integrated care",2,46,2,"primary care, care management, and mental health services delivered in patient's homes by a multidisciplinary, multi-agency team",3,"service reform",2,2,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1072,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1072,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Ross, Hana; Powell, Lisa M.; Bauer, Joseph E.; Levy, David T.; Peck, Richard M.; Lee, Hye-Ryeon",2006,"Community-Based Youth Tobacco Control Interventions: Cost Effectiveness of the Full Court Press Project","Background: We evaluated the impact of a community-based tobacco control project that was implemented in the city of Tucson, Arizona, USA, between 1996 and 2001. Aim: The project's goal was to reduce the prevalence of youth smoking through change in social norms at schools and in communities and workplaces. As is often the case, these community-based health promotion interventions were implemented in conjunction with other broader programmes, in this case implemented on the state level. Method: Taking into account state level interventions as well as changes in sociodemographic and economic environment over the course of the project (e.g. increases in cigarette prices), we measure the net effect of the intervention in terms of the number of people who quit or did not initiate smoking and by the discounted life-years gained. To establish the value of investing into community-based intervention, we calculated the real discounted cost per quit and per life-year gained of $US3789 and SUS3942, respectively. These compare favourably with the real cost per quit of $US4270 when implementing the 1996 US Clinical Practice Guideline for smoking cessation but exceed the real cost of $US2923 per discounted life-year gained when following the guideline. Results: A sensitivity analysis that assumed 5% programme persistence (i.e. 5% of the programme's impact would last forever in the absence of future funding for the programme), one-third would relapse and that one-third of those who quit may have quit smoking even without the programme, suggested a lower cost per discounted life-year saved of $US3476. The cost effectiveness of this project compares favourably with other tobacco control interventions. Conclusion: Despite its relatively small target group, this community-based intervention was cost effective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","n","duplicate","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Tobacco",1,7,2,"community-based tobacco intervention ",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Tucson",214,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1073,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Tucson"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1073,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaTucson",1,1,0]
["Hinman, Sarah Elizabeth",2007,"Spatial and temporal structure of typhoid fever in Washington, D.C., 1895--1909: A geographic information systems exploration of urban health concerns","The period between 1880 and 1920 was one of the most dynamic in the history of medicine. Morbidity and mortality rates for infectious diseases dropped quickly. Concurrently, miasmatic theory gave way to germ theory. Many of these dynamic changes occurred in the urban centers of North America, which were also entering into a period of dramatic growth and change. Following the 1905 completion of infrastructure improvements intended to improve public health in Washington, D.C., typhoid fever rates unexpectedly increased. Previously, for mitigation purposes, Dr. George Kober investigated a typhoid epidemic in 1895, and as a result of the 1906 increase in typhoid morbidity the United States Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service conducted investigations between 1906 and 1909 to better understand the origins of typhoid in the city. These studies include dot maps of typhoid case locations for the entire 1895 epidemic, at two-week intervals for 1906, 1907, and 1908, and monthly intervals for 1909. These point locations are used to construct a geographic information system (GIS) displaying the spatial distribution of individual typhoid cases. The creation of this GIS allows for the investigation of urban typhoid at a localized geographic scale. The temporal resolution of the data and supplementary data included in the reports provides an opportunity to explore urban typhoid within years, between years, to compare morbidity to mortality, and to compare the spatial pattern of multiple diseases. This dissertation describes the creation of this GIS and the results of the spatial analyses using Ripley's K-function and the Gi* statistic to evaluate spatial clustering patterns. The Gi* statistic identified localized hotspots that refute the conclusions of the original reports. Typhoid clusters varied in size and location, and lacked temporal stability. The findings xii of this dissertation indicate that typhoid in early twentieth century Washington, D.C. originated from multiple sources whose impact decreased over time. Studies of this type make use of geospatial approaches unavailable when the original data were collected, in order to investigate potential patterns of typhoid fever invisible a century ago. This research helps to provide a better understanding of the historical geography of urban health in general. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Typhoid",1,6,1,"Better understanding the Spatial and temporal structure of typhoid fever in Washington, D.C., 1895--1909 using GIS: ",4,"research",7,0,0,"Washington DC",239,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1074,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Washington"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1074,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaWashington",1,1,0]
["Cavaleri, Mary A.; Franco, Lydia M.; McKay, Mary M.; Appel, Anita; Bannon, William M., Jr.; Bigley, Michael F.; Fazio, Marcia; Gopalan, Geetha; Harrison, Myla; Salerno, Anthony; Thaler, Susan",2007,"The sustainability of a learning collaborative to improve mental health service use among low-income urban youth and families","This study examined the sustainability of a learning collaborative to improve service use among nine outpatient mental health agencies in the New York City area. Questionnaires were sent to collaborative participants to determine whether key practices and interventions were sustained one year later, and whether aspects of the staff, leadership, agency, and new practices facilitated or hindered their sustainability. All the agencies continued at least one of the new interventions to varying degrees. Agency openness, interventions that were aligned with agency mission, and dedicated leadership were the most frequently cited facilitators to sustainability. In contrast, staff and agency factors (such as not seeing a need for change) and inadequate resources were the most commonly noted obstacles to adoption. Learning collaboratives appear to be successful for effecting enduring change in agency practice, although various staff-, leadership-, agency-, and practice-related factors can either hinder or facilitate their sustainability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Best Practices in Mental Health: An International Journal","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Mental health",2,25,2,"Service improvement in mental health services",3,"collaborative",2,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1075,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1075,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Graham, Beverly A.",2006,"Documenting and analyzing the contribution of the gatekeeper strategy for enhancing health care access in a Midwestern city","The rising number of uninsured individuals in the United States causes harm to population health and puts considerable strain on local safety nets. Individuals without access to care suffer negative health outcomes. This study examines the efforts of a community coalition to improve access to health services for vulnerable populations in Shawnee County, Kansas. The coalition implemented a community-based, multi-component, system-level intervention (the Gatekeeper strategy) that focused on six components: (1) increasing early identification of vulnerable adults by mobilizing the community to be more aware and take action to refer these individuals; (2) strengthening coordination and efficiency of the safety net by establishing a process for community-wide screening and triage; (3) enhanced linking of individuals to multi-disciplinary organizations through shared assessment and referral protocols conducted by home visitors; (4) establishment of a pharmacy assistance program to leverage external funding from pharmaceutical companies; (5) enhancing charity care efforts to recruit volunteer providers; and (6) enhancing mental health services for seniors and adults in crisis. An empirical case study design was used to examine the effects of the coalition on community and system changes (new or modified programs, policies, and practices) in implementation of the Gatekeeper strategy. The effects of the coalition's efforts on community and system changes (an intermediate outcome) were examined by using repeated measures (over a three year period) for a naturalistic time series design. The results showed that increased rates of community and system changes were associated with comprehensive strategic planning, capacity building, resource attainment, and implementation of a comprehensive action plan. The intervention was successful in mobilizing community members, expanding charity care services, and increasing access to health services for vulnerable individuals. External assistance leveraged through pharmaceutical companies doubled local prescription-access resources. Preliminary results indicate that the home visitor approach for assessment, referral, and follow-up processes increased client perceptions of social support but not for health perception improvement. Features of this community context, such as community readiness and history of collaboration, may have contributed to the success of this community to improve access to health services. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Access to healthcare services",2,38,2,"coalition on community and system changes on access to healthcare",3,"A community-based, multi-component, system-level intervention",2,0,0,"Shawnee county, Kansas",204,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1076,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shawnee"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1076,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaShawnee",1,1,0]
["von dem Knesebeck, O.; David, K.; Bill, P.; Hikl, R.",2006,"Active ageing and quality of life - Results of a WHO demonstration project","Based on the Active Ageing Programme of the World Health Organization (WHO), a demonstration project was conducted in a city in North-Rhine Westphalia between October 2002 and December 2004. The aim of the study was to promote an active ageing process, to maintain autonomy and independence among older people, and thereby to promote health and quality of life. The target group included people aged 55 to 80 years. The aim was to include older persons in a critical period of life due to loss of partner within the last five years and people undergoing a status change due to retirement within the last two years. 344 participants were visited at home to assess their health and psychosocial situation and to identify opportunities for activities. Participants were supported in their efforts to realise the agreed-upon activities. In this article results of the external evaluation are presented. It is analysed whether quality of life according to the WHOQOL Brief improves among participants in the course of the project. Results of non-parametric tests show small differences in quality of life between the three waves of interviews (at the beginning of the project, after one year, at the end of the project). This holds true when only those participants are analysed who retired within the last two years. However, quality of life significantly improves among older persons who lost their partner within the last five years. In terms of implementation of the WHO Active Ageing Programme results suggest application of a risk group strategy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Active ageing",1,29,2,"Promoting active ageing",1,"WHO demonstration project",10,0,0,"city in North-Rhine Westphalia (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1077,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1077,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",28,3,0]
["Miller, Nancy; Frieden, Thomas R.; Liu, Sze Yan; Matte, Thomas D.; Mastashari, Farzad; Deitcher, Deborah R.; Cummings, K.; Chang, Christina; Bauer, Ursula; Bassett, Mary T.",2005,"Effectiveness of a large-scale distribution programme of free nicotine patches: A prospective evaluation","Background: After an increase in cigarette taxes and implementation of smoke-free workplace legislation, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, the New York State Department of Health, and the Roswell Park Cancer Institute undertook large-scale distribution of free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). We did a 6-month follow-up survey to assess the success of this programme in improving smoking cessation on a population basis. Methods: 34,090 eligible smokers who phoned a toll-free quitline were sent a 6-week course of nicotine patches (2 weeks each of 21 mg, 14 mg, and 7 mg per day). Brief follow-up counselling calls were attempted. At 6 months after treatment, we assessed smoking status of 1305 randomly sampled NRT recipients and a non-randomly selected comparison group of eligible smokers who, because of mailing errors, did not receive the treatment. NRT recipients were compared with local survey-derived data for heavy smokers in New York City. Findings: An estimated 5% of all adults in New York City who smoked ten cigarettes or more daily received NRT; most (64%) recipients were non-white, foreign-born, or resided in a low-income neighbourhood. Of individuals contacted at 6 months, more NRT recipients than comparison group members successfully quit smoking (33% vs 6%, p<0.0001), and this difference remained significant after adjustment for demographic factors and amount smoked (odds ratio 8.8, 95% CI 4.4-17.8). Highest quit rates were associated with those who were foreign born (87 [39%]), older than 65 years (40 [47%]), and smoked less than 20 cigarettes per day (116 [35%]). Those who received a counselling call were more likely to stop smoking than those who did not (246 [38%] vs 189 [27%], p=0.001). With the conservative assumption that every 6-month follow-up survey non-respondent continued to smoke, the stop rate among NRT recipients was 20%. At least 6038 successful quits were attributable to NRT receipt, and cost was US$464 per quit. Interpretation: Easy access to cessation medication for diverse populations could help many more smokers to stop. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","The Lancet","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Smoking cessation",1,7,2,"programme offering free NRT",3,"DoHMH",5,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1078,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1078,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Sant' Ana, Ana Maria; Rosser, Walter W.; Talbot, Yves",2002,"Five years of family health care in Sao Jose","In 1994, the Federal Government of Brazil enacted legislation to share the costs with municipalities of establishing or remodelling up to 20 000 health clinics, covering a population of 69 million people. Sao Jose clinic was established with family physicians in 1993 in a community of 3000 in the City of Curitiba. The clinic was functioning by 1995 when the Canadian four principles of Family Medicine were introduced to clinic staff. The impact of the clinic's work has measured improvements in perinatal mortality and child nutrition, reduced hepatitis A infection and produced dramatic improvements in delivery of preventive services. The presence of the clinic has empowered a poor community to demand improved municipal services that have helped to improve overall health. The introduction of Family Health Clinics in Brazil, and assistance provided by Canada, has achieved the objectives of the national Government in one sample site. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Family Practice","PsycINFO","Journal Article","primary care",2,38,2,"Family Health Clinics (primary care)",3,"legislation",4,0,0,"Curitiba",56,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1079,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Curitiba"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1079,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilCuritiba",14,2,0]
["Kua, Ee Heok",2004,"Focus on psychiatry in Singapore","This is an overview of the historical development of psychiatric services and the progress of psychiatric research and training in Singapore. With a population of 4 million, the city is evolving from developing to developed status and the concomitant social implications pose enormous challenges for mental health professionals. The demographic changes in recent years, with an ageing population and with more women (the traditional family caregivers) in the workforce, have had profound consequences for the delivery of health care services. In this cosmopolitan city of Chinese, Indians and Malays, myriad cultures and beliefs influence the health-seeking behavior and the care of people with mental illness. The past two decades have witnessed a gradual transformation of psychiatric services from institutional to community care. Ultimately we hope to provide a service that is acceptable and comprehensive. Health costs are escalating and hospitalization is expensive. The families of psychiatric patients will need more community psychiatric services. In tandem with the changes, there has been progress in psychiatric training and research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","The British Journal of Psychiatry","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Mental health care provision",2,25,2,"Overview of the development of psychiatric services and the progress of psychiatric research and training",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Singapore",198,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1080,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Singapore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1080,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"singapore"},"singaporeSingapore",52,4,0]
["Galea, Sandro; Vlahov, David",2005,"Urban health: Evidence, challenges, and directions","Urbanization is one of the most important demographic shifts worldwide during the past century and represents a substantial change from how most of the world's population has lived for the past several thousand years. The study of urban health considers how characteristics of the urban environment may affect population health. This paper reviews the empirical research assessing urban living's impact on population health and our rationale for considering the study of urban health as a distinct field of inquiry. The key factors affecting health in cities can be considered within three broad themes: the physical environment, the social environment, and access to health and social services. The methodologic and conceptual challenges facing the study of urban health, arising both from the limitations of the research to date and from the complexities inherent in assessing the relations among complex urban systems, disease causation, and health are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Annual Review of Public Health","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Urban health ",1,0,2,"Study assessing urban living's impact on population health and our rationale for considering the study of urban health as a distinct field of inquiry. ",0,"Empirical research",0,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1081,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1081,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Bell, S.; Cooley, A.; Hughes, E.",2005,"Connecting capitals","The publications of this supplement follow a conference with the title 'Connecting Capitals', which was held in London in February 2005. Mental health is a citywide issue. Services are woven into city life, not some separate compartment. As such, those working in and managing our services have to rise to the challenges our societies throw us. There are other less dramatic but equally pervasive problems within our societies for mental health services to deal with. The ability to preserve and improve mental well-being is vital to the prosperity of a city, in just the same way as the need for a good education system. Prague reports a significant, newly developed network of community based support programmes such as sheltered work and advice centers. Madrid's health services have collaborated with educational services and provide specialist support for young adolescents with a mental health diagnosis with the aim of providing access to a mainstreamed education. The message we all took from the conference, loud and clear, was that we must all work beyond our own boundaries, beyond the mental health system, if we are to tackle stigma effectively. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","European Psychiatry","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Mental health",1,25,2,"various initiatives",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Madrid and Prague",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1082,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1082,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,3,0]
["Gusmano, Michael K.; Rodwin, Victor G.",2005,"Health Services Research and the City","(from the chapter) Health services research is, by nature, multidisciplinary, for it draws on the methods, concepts, and theories of social sciences, which are relevant to the study of how the organization and financing of health services can improve the delivery of health care services (Gray, et al, 2003). While medicine and public health, too, are multidisciplinary enterprises drawing on such disciplines as molecular biology, physiology, anatomy, genetics, epidemiology and more, health services research departs from these disciplines in focusing not on the nature of disease and health but rather on the financing and organization of health systems. In this chapter, we review some of the more salient studies at the intersection of urban and health services research. In addition, we propose a research agenda to address the gaps noted above. Finally, to illustrate some small steps along an international dimension of the proposed research agenda, we provide some examples of our own on-going urban health services research on world cities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y",null,"PsycINFO","Book","Urban health services research",2,0,2,"Review of studies at the intersection of urban and health services research",0,"Urban health services research",7,0,0,"Not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1083,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1083,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Shahmoon-Shanok, Rebecca; Lamb-Parker, Faith; Halpern, Ellen; Grant, Megan; Lapidus, Carole; Seagle, Charles",2005,"The Relationships for Growth Project: A transformational collaboration between Head Start, mental health, and university systems","(from the chapter) This chapter describes the Relationships for Growth (RfG) Project--an intense, four-year pilot aimed at seamlessly interweaving mental health services and approaches within Head Start, in large part by training Head Start staff. The RfG Project is a school-based, innovative, strength-centered, and comprehensive model of child mental health assessment and intervention as well as staff training. The RfG Project is a partnership with three New York City Head Start agencies, New York's Jewish Board of Family and Children's Services' Institute for Infants, Children & Families (JBFCS-Institute), and university-based researchers who have particular experience in using a partnership model for conducting community-based research and evaluation. We include an evaluation of child outcomes as well as preliminary reflections from participants on the process of training, supervision, and partnership collected through ethnographic methods to illuminate systemic change. We call this change the ripple effect of this transformational enterprise. The focus in this chapter is on the systemic impact of the RfG on the overall service capacity of the community agencies that it serves. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y",null,"PsycINFO","Book","Child mental health and early intervention",1,25,2,"School-based child mental health intervention",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1084,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1084,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Klot, Gregg",2004,"The impact of medicaid managed care on the delivery of child mental health services at outpatient community mental health clinics in new york city","This qualitative study explores how a new financing system for mental health care-Medicaid managed care-has influenced the delivery of mental health services to children at outpatient community mental health clinics in New York City. Two geographic areas were targeted for this study: southwest Brooklyn where Medicaid managed care began in New York City and the greater New York City area. Nine clinic directors with years of administrative and clinical experience were interviewed. The directors shared their professional experiences with Medicaid managed care and discussed both positive and negative aspects of the new system. Data gathered from the interviews led to several findings: Medicaid managed care influences the administrative and financial functioning of all of the agencies. Medicaid managed care also affects professional and student training and professional morale. Furthermore, Medicaid managed care has changed the delivery of mental health services to children at outpatient mental health clinics. This study details changes in the types of treatment modalities that are used with child patients. Additionally, it details changes in access to mental health care as well as changes to the length and frequency of child treatment caused by Medicaid managed care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Mental health care access and delivery",2,25,2,"New finance system for mental health care-Medicaid managed care to alter provision and delivery ",3,"not stated",6,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1085,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1085,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Brown, June; Afuwape, Sarah A.; Downes-Grainger, Elin; Howells, Roger; Cole, Eleanor; Goldberg, Sir David",2004,"Organising community mental health teams around GP practices: GPs' responses to the linkworker model","The interface between primary care and secondary mental health services is crucial for co-ordinated care for patients but has been problematic. This paper describes the implementation of a new model where the community mental health team (CMHT) is organised around the General Practice (GP) practice. The rationale for this is the frequent mismatch between the boundaries of the CMHTs and those covered by the GP practices. On the basis of this model, the boundaries of CMHTs and GP practices were aligned, linkworkers (attached mental health professionals) were then assigned to the majority of the practices. Twenty-one GPs working in an inner city area in London, responded to a survey about their perceptions of the system and their attitudes towards the care of patients with serious mental illness (SMI) both before and two years after the implementation of the new model. The responses of GPs with and without a linkworker were also compared. Although changes in attitude towards patients with serious mental illness (SMI) were fewer and less consistent, GPs generally reported greater satisfaction with the new model. In addition, linkworked GPs reported more satisfaction than non-linkworked GPs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Primary Care Psychiatry","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Mental health services",2,25,2,"Implementation of a new model where the community mental health team is organised around the General Practice ",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1086,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1086,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",24,3,0]
["Englander, Jeffrey; Cleary, Suzanne; O'Hare, Patricia; Hall, Karyl M.; Lehmkubl, Don I.",1993,"Implementing and evaluating injury prevention programs in the traumatic brain injury model systems of care","Describes injury prevention efforts conducted by traumatic brain injury (TBI) model systems in New York City, Houston, and San Jose, California. The Think First (TF) prevention program is presented to middle and high school students by young survivors of CNS trauma and health professionals. The message emphasizes personal vulnerability and emotional and physical consequences of risk-taking behavior. 271 students were surveyed before and after TF presentations. Ss showed increased knowledge about the nature and consequences of TBI after participation in the presentations; however, reported behavioral changes after presentations were minimal. Thus, TF programs may be useful as a supplemental tool to promote safe driving and riding practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).","y","The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Traumatic brain injury",1,44,2,"Programme of prevention of traumatic brain injury in schools",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"New York City, Houston, and San Jose, California.",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1087,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1087,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Schene, A.; Henderson, J.; Knudsen, H.; Rijkschroeff, Rally; Thornicroft, G.",1992,"The evaluation of mental health care transformation in the cities of Europe","Presents a report developed at the WHO International Conference \"Changing Mental Health Care in the Cities of Europe\" that summarizes the activities of the Commission of European Communities working on the \"Evaluation of Comprehensive Care of the Mentally Ill\" (H. Freeman and J. H. Henderson, 1991). Current issues that arose in the discussions on problems of scientific evaluation of changing mental health care in Europe are described. Three research programs are summarized, focusing on research methodology. One program involved outcomes after discharge for long-term psychiatric patients in London. Another involved evaluating the transformation of mental health care in Amsterdam. The 3rd program involved evaluating mental health care changes in Copenhagen. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).","y","International Journal of Social Psychiatry","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Mental health care",2,25,2,"various improvement progs in mental health care across Europe",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"London, Amsterdam and Copenhagen",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1088,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1088,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,3,0]
["Mazzoni, Silvia",2000,"Support for parenting in the system of integrated services of the municipality of Rome","The article focuses on the support interventions to parenthood in the observance of the best interest of the child. It is the right of every child living in a family at risk benefit of efficient social services with qualified workers and the new results of infant research can give useful informations to Developmental Clinical Psychologists and Social Workers. The following article deals with a research project on the Juvenile Court in Rome, which worked in collaboration with the social services of the city. In particular, the article focuses on the improvements made in intervention-procedures after the integration of social services with health services, which permitted and effective collaboration between social workers and psychologists. The future perspective is the specialization of assessment procedures to project specialistic interventions for different types of family at risk. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).","y","Psicologia Clinica dello Sviluppo","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Early intervention",2,46,2,"Early years intervention support programme for disadvantaged families",3,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Rome",175,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1089,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rome"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1089,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"italy"},"italyRome",34,3,0]
["Brown, June S.; Cochrane, Ray; Hancox, Teresa",2000,"Large-scale health promotion stress workshops for the general public: A controlled evaluation","Large-scale cognitive-behavioral Stress Management workshops were run for members of the general public as part of a city-wide mental health promotion campaign in Birmingham, England. Four groups were compared: a workshop run over 1 day (Full-Day), 1 run over 2 half-days (Half-Day), a non-specific intervention control group, and a waiting list control group. The largest portion (31%) of the 358 participants were 36-45 yrs old. Results indicate that the participants in the workshop groups improved more than those in either of the control groups, supporting the idea that the psychoeducational approach can be valuable and economical in a health promotion and public health context. The use of this format in clinical situations and in primary care settings is also discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Mental health",1,25,2,"Large-scale health promotion stress workshops for the general public",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Birmingham",18,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1090,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Birmingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1090,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandBirmingham",3,3,0]
["Scheer, Aviva T.",1999,"The emergence and development of a health alliance: A case study. (managed care, mergers)","Pressures to contain costs have led to an increase in health alliance formation as a means to develop integrated delivery systems. Strategic alliances are flexible and changing yet fragile compared to other organizational forms. Studies have been needed to capture the dynamics that shape alliance development and operations in health care. This research utilized a case study methodology to explore the formation and development of a four-hospital alliance in a major midwestern city over a three-year period. A congruence model of organizations provided the framework for data collection and analysis. Data from interviews, observations, and documents were used to explore the Alliance input, strategy, and early output. The various structures and processes developed to facilitate the Alliance strategy were explored through analysis of various organizational components: the formal arrangements, task, people, and informal organization. A transition model provided a context for examining how various decisions shaped the evolution from independent hospitals to a loose affiliation between two hospitals to an alliance and a parent company, to the subsequent Alliance with four hospital systems. The development of physician organizations created the foundation for an integrated health delivery system. A political model further explored the process of decision making and adaptation during discontinuous change. At the end of the study period, the Alliance achieved access to managed care contracts and early cost savings from various integration and standardization projects. Findings highlighted the complexity of the process involved in transforming four diverse hospital systems into one alliance system. Leaders needed to discover the most effective structures and processes that facilitated implementation of the Alliance strategy and help create fit with the changing environment. Their challenge was how to remain flexible to ensure an effective response to the growing internal and external demands and constraints as they strived for clinical integration and consolidation. The evolution toward a more centralized Alliance structure necessitated decisions that considered the pace and timing of implementing changes to help gain support and reduce resistance. The study provides a framework for future investigation of the Alliance evolution and adaptation as an integrated delivery system.* *Originally published in DAI Vol. 59, No. 11. Reprinted here with corrected abstract. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Hospital alliances",2,39,2,"A hospital alliance programme",3,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Midwestern city",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1091,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1091,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Fuentes, Milton Anthony",1999,"A program evaluation of a home-based family therapy pilot program for Latino families in northern New Jersey","Over the years, many mental health professionals and public officials have become considerably alarmed by the deleterious impact of family disintegration on communities. Despite numerous attempts by traditional service delivery systems to develop viable and effective treatment approaches, these high-risk families continue to function poorly. As a result, legislators, program administrators and front line human service professionals have started to design and implement major changes in financing, organization, and the delivery of services in order to improve outcomes for high-risk families. Over the past two decades, there has been an increasing appreciation for home-based treatment approaches. They are deemed to be a promising solution to the multifaceted problems faced by high risk families. The present investigator illustrates the application of program planning and evaluation technology to a particular kind of home-based program. Specifically, the investigator develops and implements a plan to evaluate a home-based family therapy program located in a small, urban city. The program exclusively serves Latino families involved with the New Jersey Division of Youth and Family Services. The results of the evaluation are reported, and the application of the program evaluation approach is examined in relation to the \"Program Evaluation Standards\" (Joint Committee, 1994). Conclusions, recommendations and future directions for professional psychology are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Dysfunctional families' health and wellbeing",2,25,2,"Programme to  implement major changes in financing, organization, and the delivery of services in order to improve outcomes for high-risk families.",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1092,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1092,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Schlesinger, Bill",1998,"Project Vida: Community health models that work","(from the chapter) Describes a community health model, Project Vida. Project Vida is a multiple-social service agency sponsored by the Presbyterian Church USA (PCUSA) and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. It has been developed as part of a strategy to respond to the unique and overwhelming needs and possibilities in an area of cultural encounter and change, particularly the US-Mexico border city of El Paso, Texas. Though church sponsored, Project Vida is community based. Its programs and priorities have been developed through the concerns and issues presented by the community around it. It does not require formal religious activities as a condition or aim of its services. Topics discussed include: innovation; collaboration; outcomes; project governance and structure; and replication and sustainability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y",null,"PsycINFO","Book","Community health improvement",1,0,2,"Implementing a community health model ",1,"church led",8,2,0,"El Paso",71,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1093,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"El Paso"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1093,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAEl Paso",1,1,0]
["Kamis-Gould, Edna; Crevling, Lynn; Fenton, Marc H.; Hadley, Trevor R.; Simms, Brian; Kauffman, Dean",1998,"Franklin County individualized care case rate project","Provides an account of the innovative managed care initiative that used systems reform and assessment of consumer outcomes and providers' performance in an individualized care case rate project (CRP) in Franklin County, Ohio. The program was designed to centralize and integrate the clinical and fiscal aspects of care for the urban chronic mentally ill populations in 9 large cities under local mental health authorities. The CRP was to center on and tailor services to individualized consumer needs, to promote provider accountability, and to improve consumer outcomes. The structure, financing and case rate cost tiers, evaluation (at project, system, and client levels), and performance indicators of the CRP are described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Administration and Policy in Mental Health","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Mental and fiscal health",2,25,2,"A programme to centralize and integrate the clinical and fiscal aspects of care for the urban chronic mentally ill populations",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"9 cities (not stated)",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1094,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1094,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"+V1094&U1094","v":"0no city or multiple cities stated"},1,1,0]
["Landsberg, Gerald; Rock, Marjorie",1994,"Mental Health Systems Coordination: The Intensive Case Management Program in New York City","Describes the New York City Intensive Case Management Program as a case study of a program designed to coordinate services for the severely mentally ill in a highly fragmented and complex urban mental health system. Activities that promote integration are described, and hypotheses are suggested for the program's overall inability to promote full integration. The program model and implementation are discussed in terms of role and activities, geographic coverage, voluntary providers, client referral and selection, worker selection and training, funding, program review, and program coordination. Assessment of the program reveals that while it enhanced coordination among various sectors, it failed to achieve major systems change or integration because of its inability to grow and because it was overwhelmed by too many other new initiatives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Administration and Policy in Mental Health","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Mental health",2,25,2,"Program to coordinate services for the severely mentally ill in a highly fragmented and complex urban mental health system",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1095,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1095,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Walker, Mary Boose; Doherty, Ann Alderson",1994,"Healthy cities: Empowering vulnerable populations for health through partnerships","Provides a framework for promoting a new urban health through networks and coalitions built in partnership with community residents, including vulnerable populations, called the Healthy Cities movement. Its goal of empowerment applies to the educational process, challenging academic health centers, their students, those they care for, and faculty. Students learn and demonstrate critical thinking skills and also learn to use the political process for change as appropriate. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Family & Community Health: The Journal of Health Promotion & Maintenance","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Urban health",1,0,2,"Promoting urban health through  networks and coalitions in the community",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1096,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1096,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Stark, Wolfgang",1992,"Empowerment and social change: Health promotion within the Healthy Cities Project of WHO: Steps toward a participative prevention program","(from the book) describes a project that is part initiated by the Healthy Cities Program of the WHO [World Health Organization] / the target group is specific and the methodology focuses on empowerment as a model for health promotion of children and youth in the city of Munich / illustrates how the WHO started a networking system at the international level that encouraged more than 250 cities in Europe to start health promotion projects and to participate in national networks that have been developed by a group of core cities (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y",null,"PsycINFO","Book","CYP general health",1,0,2,"Health promotion projects for CYP as part of health cities Erupean network",1,"WHO Healthy Cities",9,0,0,"Munich",144,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1097,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Munich"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1097,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyMunich",28,3,0]
["Hilbert, Th",1990,"The Healthy Cities Project and the elderly in Bremen","The Healthy Cities Project in Bremen, West Germany decided to concentrate on senior citizens, who will comprise an increasing proportion of the city's population. The Bremen long-term action plan features a comprehensive approach that covers 9 different areas of action: varied mechanisms for support at home; improvement of homes; old patients in hospitals and rehabilitation; qualification and education for professionals; housing; traffic planning and accessibility; chances to participate in cultural, political, and social life; new networks among senior citizens to keep knowledge and practical abilities by using them; and preventive ambulant services. (German abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y","Zeitschrift fur Alternsforschung","PsycINFO","Journal Article","Ageing well",1,0,2,"Cross cutting programme supporting eldelry to live well",7,"WHO Healhty Cities",9,0,0,"Bremen",26,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1098,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Bremen"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1098,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyBremen",28,3,0]
["Kemper, Donald W.; Mettler, Molly",1990,"Building a positive image of aging: The experience of a small American city","(from the chapter) this case study is about the efforts made in one American city to recognize aging as a positive experience for its citizens / in 1979, Healthwise, Inc., a not-for-profit health promotion research center, worked with a coalition of government, community, and business people in Boise, Idaho, to launch a long-term and continuing effort to improve the lives of its \"60 and better\" population / through a combination of grass-roots organizing and public and private-sector funding, more than 20% of the city's older adults have participated in a series of health-enhancing activities this case study describes the activities, the issues surrounding their development, and the impact they have had on health public policy at local, state, national, and international levels / a brief discussion of the aging experience is presented, followed by aspects of the project's design, initiation, implementation, and maintenance (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).","y",null,"PsycINFO","Book","Ageing well",1,0,2,"Cross cutting programme supporting 60 plus live well and change perception of ageing in the community",7,"collaboration",2,0,0,"Boise, Idaho",21,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1099,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Boise"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1099,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USABoise",1,1,0]
["Farley",2015,"Saving Gotham.  A billionaire mayor, activitist doctors, and the fight for eight million lives","The book describes chronologically the various initiatives, successful and unsuccessful, that intended  to  transformation the health of New Yorkers.  The story starts in 2002, when Tom Frieden became NY Health Commissioner under mayor Bloomberg.  \nDuring the course of the next 10 years the city transformed the health of its population and the focus of the NYC health department.  Results included; \n- reducing smoking prevalence from 21.6% in 2002 to  2013 16.1%, through initiatives such as a smoking ban, increased taxation, increased access to support to stop smoking and anti-smoking advertising.    (DN – in 2015 now down to 14% - this isn’t in the book)\n- Improvements to diet through initiatives such as banning trans-fat, reductions in salt, mandating display of calorie information of foods in restaurants. \n- By the end of 2013 they had banned trans-fat (It was estimated that by 1994 30,000 americans died each year from heart disease caused by trans-fat)\n- made it a requirement calorie labels on menus, after two legal challenges, and ran ads of city infrastructure to educate New Yorkers on the amount of food they should consume.\n- Foodcarts introduced feb 2008, by start of 2014 on a typical day there were 250 of these foodcarts in local communities.\n- Improved food in city institutions, introduced regulations (banning sugary drinks, making water readily available, limiting TV time) in child care centres.   \n- Reduced sodium (salt) in food.  Worked with food industry to reduce salt in food\n- Attempted (and failed) to introduce a sugary drink tax, attempted (and failed) to ban sugary drinks from government food vouchers), attempted (and failed) to limit portion sizes of sugary drinks.  Although all these initiatives failed it is highly likely they would have added to public awareness of the issues.\n- Progress in making health care about health and not sickness care, by introducing and rolling out electronic system to flag high risk patients to GPs and improve quality of preventative care provided.\n\nThis resulted in increase in life expectancy of 3 years between 2001-2010.  By comparison USA overall increased by only 1.8 years for the same period.  This wasn’t just an urban trend,  NYC had a faster rise in life expectancy in the 21st century than any every other major city in USA.   Of this increase in life expectancy, 50% due to declines in heart disease, 16% due to falls in cancer.  The two diseases most directly linked to smoking.\n","y",null,null,"Book","health",1,0,2,"comprehensive health improvement",7,"comprehensive",5,0,1,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1100,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1100,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Montgomery",2013,"Happy City: Transforming Our Lives Through Urban Design","This book is primarily about city design and its impact on its residents happiness, health and the environment.   The author states how most of the growth in cities has been in suburban grown- city sprawl – which has been facilitated by the automobile.  This dispersed and segregated city design is the most expensive, resource intense and polluting way of living ever built. It also reduces our social interaction with others and negatively impacts our mental and physical health.  \nThe book offers solutions for how cities can reverse this trend and gives notable examples of where this has been achieved.\n","y",null,null,"Book","health",1,0,2,"various initiatives",7,"comprehensive",1,0,2,"various",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1101,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1101,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":4},"y",{"$nulls":3},"health",1,0,2,null,2,"not stated",0,0,1,"Mexico City",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1102,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1102,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,2,0]
[{"$nulls":4},"y",{"$nulls":3},"accident",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1103,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":44},2,null,2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Delft",334,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1103,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Delft"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1103,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsDelft",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1103,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1103,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":4},"y",{"$nulls":3},"health",1,2,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"Portland",167,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1104,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Portland"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1104,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPortland",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1104,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":3},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1104,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
[{"$nulls":4},"y",{"$nulls":4},1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"Vancouver",234,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1105,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Vancouver"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1105,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaVancouver",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1105,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":5},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1105,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
[{"$nulls":4},"y",{"$nulls":3},"health",1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,1,"Seoul",201,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1106,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Seoul"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1106,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Korea, South"},"Korea, SouthSeoul",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1106,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":3},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1106,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
[{"$nulls":4},"y",{"$nulls":4},1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"Charlotte (north carolina)",46,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1107,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Charlotte"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1107,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCharlotte",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1107,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
[{"$nulls":4},"y",{"$nulls":4},1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"Copenhagen",55,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1108,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Copenhagen"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1108,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"denmark"},"denmarkCopenhagen",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1108,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":3},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1108,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
[{"$nulls":4},"y",{"$nulls":4},1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"Paris",161,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1109,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Paris"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1109,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"france"},"franceParis",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1109,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":8},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1109,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},0]
[{"$nulls":4},"y",{"$nulls":4},1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,1,"London",116,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1110,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1110,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaLondon",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1110,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":54},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1110,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
[{"$nulls":4},"y",{"$nulls":4},1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"stockholm",335,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1111,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Stockholm"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1111,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Sweden"},"SwedenStockholm",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1111,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1111,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":4},"y",{"$nulls":4},1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,1,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1112,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1112,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1112,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Jingyang et al ",2013,"Title: City 2.0  The Habitat of the Future and How to Get There","This TED book provides 12 ‘provocative’ case studies that respond to the question of:  How can we transform our cities into efficient, sustainable, healthy environments to live and prosper ?\nTED is a non-profit devoted to ‘ideas worth spreading’ \n","y",null,null,"Book","health",1,0,2,"built a tunnel to take traffic from the city",2,"policy",1,0,0,"new york city",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1113,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1113,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
[{"$nulls":4},"y",{"$nulls":4},1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"san Francisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1114,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1114,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1114,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":18},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1114,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
[{"$nulls":4},"y",{"$nulls":4},1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"new york city",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1115,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1115,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1115,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Gusmano Rodwin Weisz",2010,"Healthcare in world cities","This book aims to fill the gap of comparison across NYC, Paris and London, healthy system characteristics and outcomes.  The analysis presented focuses on access to timely and effective health services.  It compares the three cities overall health performance and then goes into further detail on a number of indicators, including; avoidable mortality, access to primary care; avoidable hospital conditions; access to specialty care; and treatment of heart disease\n@@ tried to find where this had been referenced (through web of science) but it couldn’t find the book (only book reviews)\n","y","book",null,"Book","health and healthcare",1,0,2,"comparison of health and healthcare across NYC, Paris and London",3,"not stated",3,0,0,null,0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1116,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1116,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Sen, Mandi",2016,"State of the Region’s Health: How the New York Metropolitan Region’s Urban Systems Influence Health,","This report describes the state of the New York region’s health and the influence of the broader determinents have. .  Available atL https://www.rwjf.org/en/culture-of-health/2016/07/at_the_intersection.html  Accessed 7th July 2016.","i",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1117,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1117,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Health Foundation",2016,"A Healthier Life for all: the case for cross government action","A collection of 16 short essays published by The All Party Parliamentary Health Group and the Health Foundation.  The essays cover a variety of areas that impact of public health, outlining the case for action.  ","i",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1118,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1118,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett",2010,"The Spirit Level","The bigger the gap in economic equality of a population the poorer health generally of that population.  The authors demonstrate how the bigger the gap in inequalities the higher the rates of crime, drug use, teenage pregnancies and heart disease.\n\n","i",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1119,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1119,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Glaeser",2011,"Triumph of the City: How Urban Spaces Make Us Human",null,"i","book",{"$nulls":14},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1120,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1120,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Winkless, L",2016,"Science and the City the mechanics behind the metropolis","this is a book on my kindle of read.","i","book",{"$nulls":14},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1121,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1121,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Gilmore",2014,"The Mayoral Health Commission\nALL CHANGE\n- the platform to a\nhealthier Liverpool",null,"y",null,null,"report","health",1,0,2,"comprehensive health plan",7,"not stated",0,0,1,"liverpool",112,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1122,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Liverpool"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1122,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLiverpool",3,3,0]
["House of Lords",1892,"House of Lords Select Committee 1892 report on metropolitan hospitals, provident and other public dispensaries and charitable institutions for the sick poor",null,"y",null,null,"report","healthcare",2,39,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1123,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1123,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Tomlinson",1992,"Inquiry into Londons Health Service",null,"y",null,null,"report","healthcare",2,40,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1124,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1124,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Department of Health",1998,"Health Services in London: A Strategic Review",null,"y",null,null,"report","healthcare",2,40,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1125,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1125,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["NHS London",2007,"Healthcare for London: A Framework for Action",null,"y",null,null,"report","healthcare",2,40,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1126,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1126,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["The Kings Fund",2011,"Improving Health and Healthcare in London: Who will take the lead",null,"y",null,null,"report","health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1127,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1127,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["The Kings Fund",2013,"Laeding Health Care in London: Time for a radical response",null,"y",null,null,"report","healthcare",2,40,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1128,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1128,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["The Kings Fund",1987,"Planned Health Servcies in Inner London: Back to back planning",null,"y",null,null,"report","healthcare",2,40,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1129,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1129,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["The Kings Fund",1992,"London Health Care 2010: Changing the future of servcies in the capital",null,"y",null,null,"report","healthcare",2,40,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1130,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1130,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["The Kings Fund",1997,"London Commission: Transforming Health in London",null,"y",null,null,"report","health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1131,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1131,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Greater London Authority",2010,"Health inequalities strategy",null,"y",null,null,"report","health inequalities",1,3,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1132,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1132,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Greater London Authority",2007,"London Health Inequalities Strategy",null,"y",null,null,"report","health inequalities",1,3,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1133,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1133,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["London Health Planning Consortium",1979,"Towards a Balance: A Framework for acute hopstial servcies in London reconciling service with teachign needs",null,"y",null,null,"report","healthcare",2,39,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1134,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1134,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Department of Health",1993,"Making London Better",null,"y",null,null,"report","health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1135,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1135,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Berridge",2008,"Polyclinics in London: Historical issues",null,"y",null,null,"report","healthcare",2,38,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1136,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1136,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["James",1995,"Reforming the British Health Servcie: implementation problems in London",null,"y",null,null,"report","healthcare",2,40,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1137,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1137,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Frieden",2004,"Take Care New York: a focused health policy","Frieden, T.R., 2004a. Take Care New York: a focused health policy. J. Urban Health\n81, 314–316.\n","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"comprehensive health plan",7,"policy",1,5,0,"New York City",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1138,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1138,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Farley",2012,"the role of government in preventing excess calorie consuption: the example of New York City","\nFarley, T.A., 2012. The role of government in preventing excess calorie\nconsumption: the example of New York City. JAMA 308, 1093–1094.\n","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,28,2,"reducing calories",0,"not stated",4,0,0,"new york city",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1139,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1139,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Mello",2009,"New York City’s war on fat. N. Engl. J. Med. 360 (19), 2015–2020.","Mello, M.M., 2009. New York City’s war on fat. N. Engl. J. Med. 360 (19), 2015–2020.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,28,2,"reducing fat",0,"legislation",4,5,0,"new york city",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1140,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1140,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Tan",2009,"A case study of the New York City trans-fat story for international","Tan, A.S., 2009. A case study of the New York City trans-fat story for international\napplication. J. Public Health Policy 30, 3–16.  \n","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,28,2,"reducing fat",0,"legislation",4,5,0,"new york city",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1141,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1141,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["rivett",1986,"The development of the London hospital system","downloaded to folder as a .pdf","y","book",null,"report","hospital healthcare",1,39,2,"history of london hospitals",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1142,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1142,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Delaney",1999,"muddling through the middle ground: theoretcical concerns in intersectorial collaboration ….",null,"i",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1143,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1143,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Claus Wendt, Lorraine Frisina and Heinz Rothgang",2008,"Healthcare System Types:\nA Conceptual Framework for Comparison","This article addresses the need to establish a comprehensive conceptual framework for analysing\nhealthcare systems and their transformations. It begins by offering an overview of the current state\nof the art in the field, pointing to the literature’s absence of conceptual robustness in the definition\nof system types. By exploring the dimensions ‘financing’, ‘provision’ and ‘regulation’ of healthcare,\nthe article then proceeds deductively in line with the ‘Weberian method of ideal-types’ to establish\na taxonomy of 27 healthcare systems, of which three can be identified as ‘ideal-types’. When\napplying this concept, not only can differences between healthcare systems be analysed, but also\nchanges over time. The article concludes by identifying three forms of healthcare system transformation","i",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1144,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1144,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["ALLAN BEST,1 TRISHA GREENHALGH,2\nSTEVEN LEWIS,3 JESSIE E. SAUL,4 SIMON\nCARROLL,5 and JENNIFER BITZ1",2012,"Large-System Transformation in Health Care:\nA Realist Review","thi is good - read","i",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1145,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1145,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Timmins",2017,"The Five Giants [New Edition]: A Biography of the Welfare\nState",null,"i",null,null,"reeport",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1146,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1146,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[" Zeng, C., Deng, X., Xu, S., Wang, Y., Cui, J. ",2016,"An integrated approach for assessing the urban ecosystem health of megacities in China ","© 2016 Elsevier B.V. In 2014, China adjusted its \"city categorization standard.\" The newly defined megalopolises and metropolises are under unprecedented pressure from various eco-environmental problems, making them suitable representatives for exploring the state of urban ecosystem health. In this study, we establish a two-layer indicator system to assess the urban ecosystem health and choose 33 indicators grouped into social, economic, transportation, facility, land, and management subsystems, with the aim of correlating human activities with the structure, vigor, resilience, and health of the urban ecosystem. We integrate subjective and objective methods to determine weights at different levels through the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), the analytic hierarchy process, and information entropy. In particular, we develop a spatial TOPSIS technique by introducing a Euclidean-distance-based weight to rank the health of the cities' ecosystem in terms of the spatial effects among these cities. The results reveal that megalopolises such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou have superior social and economic subsystems, whereas other megacities have advantages in transportation, facility, land, and management subsystems. From 2005 to 2010, the gaps among these cities in terms of urban ecosystem health significantly reduced regardless of the weight determination method. Not all indicators involved can help realize a better urban ecosystem. Nevertheless, they provide a reference point for making specific regulations to control human activity and improve eco-environmental management","y",null,null,"journal article",null,1,0,2,null,7,null,0,0,0,"chinese cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1147,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1147,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",5,4,0]
["walter willet",2016,"transforming health in New York City","Like all of the USA, and now most countries, New York City (NYC) at the start of this century was experiencing a steady rise in obesity and diabetes that portended reversal of hard-earned gains in life expectancy. Smoking rates had decreased from their highest levels, but had plateaued. The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) was concentrated in low-income and minority areas. Even the smallest steps to address these challenges at the national level were systematically blocked by powerful industries representing junk food, soda, and tobacco. In Saving Gotham, Tom Farley describes the efforts of then Mayor Michael Bloomberg to reverse the epidemics of obesity and diabetes and improve the health of New Yorkers.","y",null,null,"report",null,1,0,2,null,7,null,0,0,0,"new york city",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1148,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1148,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1148,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},2]
["Noser E.A.; Ifejika N.L.; Grotta J.C.; Savitz S.I.;",2016,"The uthealth stomp out stroke festival- A city wide public education initiative.","Introduction: TJC certification for comprehensive stroke centers requires two annual public education activities on stroke prevention. One of our stroke faculty designed a multidisciplinary and multicultural program to educate the region and involved local businesses by establishing the UTHealth Stomp Out Stroke Festival. Hypothesis: We analyzed the benefits to the community of sponsoring a city wide, multicultural stroke educational event Methods: Implementation included establishing leadership and health screening providers, engaging educators and community stakeholders, recruiting volunteers and healthcare workers from hospital affiliates, pharmacy, rehabilitation and the schools of public health, nursing, dentistry, and medicine and developing a marketing and communication plan. Three areas for the event were created for Stroke Prevention, Stroke Recovery and a Kids Zone. Results: 1st Festival was in 2013 with 100 participants, the 2nd in 2014 with 609 participants and the 3rd in 2015 with 1,261 participants. Over the 3 years, we have progressively increased the number of attendees, volunteers, health educators and community partners. Table 1 shows demographics for year 3. In year 3, we provided over 20,000 patient education materials, conducted 224 blood pressure screenings, completed 145 stroke risk scorecards, and provided FAST education to 109 children. Other assessments included BMI, cholesterol, bone density, fall risks, sleep apnea. We had 23 Chinese, 25 Spanish, and 10 Vietnamese health worker-translators. Conclusion: We implemented a city wide public health initiative providing medical education, health screenings, and risk assessments to a highly ethnically diverse population in Houston. Major challenges include funding, needing volunteers and translators, engaging media, and maximizing community participation. Next steps will focus on determining the effectiveness to improve health literacy and behavioral health changes.","y",null,null,"report","stroke care",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1149,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":19},2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1149,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1149,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Wolf SA; Grimshaw VE; Sacks R; Maguire T; Matera C; Lee KK; .",2016,"The impact of a temporary recurrent street closure on physical activity in New York City.","At least 70 US cities have now introduced ciclovias-large-scale street closures to promote physical activity-joining numerous other cities worldwide that have implemented ciclovias in efforts to improve population health. We assessed the impact of Summer Streets, a New York City program in which 6.9 contiguous miles of urban streets were closed to traffic and opened for walking, cycling, and group activities, such as dancing and yoga, on population physical activity levels. Screen line counts were used to estimate attendance, and a street intercept survey was conducted to assess demographic characteristics of participants, baseline adherence to physical activity recommendations, and type and duration of physical activity at Summer Streets. In addition, a traffic study was used to determine if there were vehicular traffic delays as a result of the program. About 50,000 people participated in Summer Streets; among participating New Yorkers, bicyclists averaged 6.7 miles, runners 4.3 miles, and walkers 3.6 miles, equivalent to 72-86 min of moderate physical activity. Among New Yorkers attending Summer Streets, 24 % reported that they did not routinely engage in moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activity. These non-routine exercisers engaged in the equivalent of 26-68 min of moderate-intensity physical activity at Summer Streets. Summer Streets served as an enticement for New Yorkers, including those who did not ordinarily meet physical activity recommendations, to engage in physical activity. There were no significant vehicular traffic delays during the program.","y",null,null,"journal article",null,1,0,2,"street closures",2,null,0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1150,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1150,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Langeveld, K., Stronks, K., Harting, J. ",2016,"Use of a knowledge broker to establish healthy public policies in a city district: A developmental evaluation","© 2016 Langeveld et al. Background: Public health is to a large extent determined by non-health-sector policies. One approach to address this apparent paradox is to establish healthy public policies. This requires policy makers in non-health sectors to become more aware of the health impacts of their policies, and more willing to adopt evidence-informed policy measures to improve health. We employed a knowledge broker to set the agenda for health and to specify health-promoting policy alternatives. This study aimed at gaining in-depth understanding of how this knowledge broker approach works. Methods: In the context of a long-term partnership between the two universities in Amsterdam and the municipal public health service, we employed a knowledge broker who worked part-time at a university and part-time for an Amsterdam city district. When setting an agenda and specifying evidence-informed policy alternatives, we considered three individual policy portfolios as well as the policy organization of the city district. We evaluated and developed the knowledge broker approach through action research using participant observation. Results: Our knowledge brokering strategy led to the adoption of several policy alternatives in individual policy portfolios, and was especially successful in agenda-setting for health. More specifically, health became an issue on the formal policy agenda as evidenced by its uptake in the city district's mid-term review and the appointment of a policy analyst for health. Our study corroborated the importance of process factors such as building trust, clearly distinguishing the knowledge broker role, and adequate management support. We also saw the benefits of multilevel agenda-setting and specifying policy alternatives at appropriate policy levels. Sector-specific responsibilities hampered the adoption of cross-sectoral policy alternatives, while thematically designed policy documents offered opportunities for including them. Further interpretation revealed three additional themes in knowledge brokering: boundary spanning, a ripple effect, and participant observation. Conclusions: The employment of a knowledge broker who works simultaneously on both agenda-setting for health as well as the specification of health-promoting policy alternatives seems to be a promising first step in establishing local healthy public policies. Future studies are needed to explore the usefulness of our approach in further policy development and policy implementation. ","n","duplicate",{"$nulls":14},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1151,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1151,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["budd et al",2016,"B'More Healthy: Retail Rewards--design of a multi-level communications and pricing intervention to improve the food environment in Baltimore City  ","BACKGROUND: Low-income black residents of Baltimore City have disproportionately higher rates of obesity and chronic disease than other Maryland residents. Increasing the availability and affordability of healthy food are key strategies to improve the food environment and can lead to healthier diets. This paper describes B'More Healthy: Retail Rewards (BHRR), an intervention that tests the effectiveness of performance-based pricing discounts and health communications, separately and combined, on healthy food purchasing and consumption among low-income small store customers. METHODS/DESIGN: BHRR is 2x2 factorial design randomized controlled trial. Fifteen regular customers recruited from each of 24 participating corner stores in Baltimore City were enrolled. Food stores were randomized to 1) pricing intervention, 2) communications intervention, 3) combined intervention, or 4) control. Pricing stores were given a 10-30% price discount on selected healthier food items, such as fresh fruits, frozen vegetables, and baked chips, at the point of purchase from two food wholesale stores during the 6-month trial. Storeowners agreed to pass on the discount to the consumer to increase demand for healthy food. Communications stores received visual and interactive materials to promote healthy items, including signage, taste tests, and refrigerators. Primary outcome measures include consumer food purchasing and associated psychosocial variables. Secondary outcome measures include consumer food consumption, store sales, and associated storeowner psychosocial factors. Process evaluation was monitored throughout the trial at wholesaler, small store, and consumer levels.  DISCUSSION: This is the first study to test the impact of performance-based pricing and communications incentives in small food stores, an innovative strategy to encourage local wholesalers and storeowners to share responsibility in creating a healthier food supply by stocking, promoting, and reducing costs of healthier foods in their stores. Local food wholesalers were involved in a top-down, participatory approach to develop and implement an effective and sustainable program. This study will provide evidence on the effectiveness of price incentives and health communications, separately and combined, among a low-income urban U.S.","n","this is a duplciate",null,null,"obesity",1,1,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1152,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1152,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1152,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":54},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1152,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},1]
["cradock et al",2016,"Evaluating the Impact of the Healthy Beverage Executive Order for City Agencies in Boston, Massachusetts, 2011-2013.","INTRODUCTION: Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with negative health effects. Access to healthy beverages may be promoted by policies such as the Healthy Beverage Executive Order (HBEO) established by former Boston mayor Thomas M. Menino, which directed city departments to eliminate the sale of SSBs on city property. Implementation consisted of \"traffic-light signage\" and educational materials at point of purchase. This study evaluates the impact of the HBEO on changes in beverage availability. METHODS: Researchers collected data on price, brand, and size of beverages for sale in spring 2011 (899 beverage slots) and for sale in spring 2013, two years after HBEO implementation (836 beverage slots) at access points (n = 31) at city agency locations in Boston. Nutrient data, including calories and sugar content, from manufacturer websites were used to determine HBEO beverage traffic-light classification category. We used paired t tests to examine change in average calories and sugar content of beverages and the proportion of beverages by traffic-light classification at access points before and after HBEO implementation. (not full abstract)","y",null,null,"journal article","diet",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1153,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":4},2,"reducing sugar sweetened drinks",2,null,4,0,1,"boston",23,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1153,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"boston"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1153,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaboston",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1153,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":9},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1153,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},1]
["allen et al",2016,"The evidence does not speak for itself: The role of research evidence in shaping policy change for the implementation of publicly funded syringe exchange programs in three US cities.","BACKGROUND: A breadth of literature exists that explores the utilization of research evidence in policy change processes. From this work, a number of studies suggest research evidence is applied to change processes by policy change stakeholders primarily through instrumental, conceptual, and/or symbolic applications, or is not used at all. Despite the expansiveness of research on policy change processes, a deficit exists in understanding the role of research evidence during change processes related to the implementation of structural interventions for HIV prevention among injection drug users (IDU). This study examined the role of research evidence in policy change processes for the implementation of publicly funded syringe exchange services in three US cities: Baltimore, MD, Philadelphia, PA, and Washington, DC.","y",null,null,"journal article","drugs and alcohol",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1154,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":13},2,"syringe exchange programme",3,null,3,0,0,"3 cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1154,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1154,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["nonas et al",2016,"Rationale for New York City's regulations on nutrition, physical activity, and screen time in early child care centers.","Childhood obesity is associated with health risks in childhood, and it increases the risk of adult obesity, which is associated with many chronic diseases. Therefore, implementing policies that may prevent obesity at young ages is important. In 2007, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene implemented new regulations for early childhood centers to increase physical activity, limit screen time, and provide healthful beverage offerings (ie, restrict sugar-sweetened beverages for all children, restrict whole milk for those older than 2 years, restrict juice to beverages that are 100% juice and limit serving of juice to only 6 ounces per day, and make water available and accessible at all times). This article explains why these amendments to the Health Code were created, how information about these changes was disseminated, and what training programs were used to help ensure implementation, particularly in high-need neighborhoods.","y",null,null,"journal article",1,1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1155,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1155,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Sekhobo JP; Edmunds LS; Dalenius K; Jernigan J; Davis CF; Giddings M; Lesesne C; Kettel Khan L; ",2016,"Neighborhood disparities in prevalence of childhood obesity among low-income children before and after implementation of New York City child care regulations.","INTRODUCTION: New York City Article 47 regulations, implemented in 2007, require licensed child care centers to improve the nutrition, physical activity, and television-viewing behaviors of enrolled children. To supplement an evaluation of the Article 47 regulations, we conducted an exploratory ecologic study to examine changes in childhood obesity prevalence among low-income preschool children enrolled in the Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in New York City neighborhoods with or without a district public health office. We conducted the study 3 years before (from 2004 through 2006) and after (from 2008 through 2010) the implementation of the regulations in 2007.METHODS: We used an ecologic, time-trend analysis to compare 3-year cumulative obesity prevalence among WIC-enrolled preschool children during 2004 to 2006 and 2008 to 2010. Outcome data were obtained from the New York State component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System. RESULTS: Early childhood obesity prevalence declined in all study neighborhoods from 2004-2006 to 2008-2010. The greatest decline occurred in Manhattan high-risk neighborhoods where obesity prevalence decreased from 18.6% in 2004-2006 to 15.3% in 2008-2010. The results showed a narrowing of the gap in obesity prevalence between high-risk and low-risk neighborhoods in Manhattan and the Bronx, but not in Brooklyn. CONCLUSION: The reductions in early childhood obesity prevalence in some high-risk and low-risk neighborhoods in New York City suggest that progress was made in reducing health disparities during the years just before and after implementation of the 2007 regulations. Future research should consider the built environment and markers of differential exposure to known interventions and policies related to childhood obesity prevention.","y",null,null,"journal article","obesityy",1,1,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1156,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1156,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Mason M; Zaganjor H; Bozlak CT; Lammel-Harmon C; Gomez-Feliciano L; Becker AB; .",2016,"Working with community partners to implement and evaluate the Chicago Park District's 100% Healthier Snack Vending Initiative.","BACKGROUND: The objective of this case study was to evaluate the acceptability, sales impact, and implementation barriers for the Chicago Park District's 100% Healthier Snack Vending Initiative to strengthen and support future healthful vending efforts.  COMMUNITY CONTEXT: The Chicago Park District is the largest municipal park system in the United States, serving almost 200,000 children annually through after-school and summer programs. Chicago is one of the first US cities to improve park food environments through more healthful snack vending.  METHODS: A community-based participatory evaluation engaged community and academic partners, who shared in all aspects of the research. From spring 2011 to fall 2012, we collected data through observation, surveys, and interviews on staff and patron acceptance of snack vending items, purchasing behaviors, and machine operations at a sample of 10 Chicago parks. A new snack vending contract included nutrition standards for serving sizes, calories, sugar, fat, and sodium for all items. Fifteen months of snack vending sales data were collected from all 98 snack vending machines in park field houses.  OUTCOMES: Staff (100%) and patrons (88%) reacted positively to the initiative. Average monthly per-machine sales increased during 15 months ($84 to $371). Vendor compliance issues included stocking noncompliant items and delayed restocking.   INTERPRETATION: The initiative resulted in improved park food environments. Diverse partner engagement, participatory evaluation, and early attention to compliance can be important supports for healthful vending initiatives. Consumer acceptance and increasing revenues can help to counter fears of revenue loss that can pose barriers to adoption.","y",null,null,"journal article","diet",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1157,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":4},2,"changed vending mahcines",2,null,2,0,0,"chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1157,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1157,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1157,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":18},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1157,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},1]
["Silberfarb LO; Savre S; Geber G; .",2016,"An approach to assessing multicity implementation of healthful food access policy, systems, and environmental changes.","Local governments play an increasingly important role in improving residents' access to healthful food and beverages to reduce obesity and chronic disease. Cities can use multiple strategies to improve community health through, for example, land use and zoning policies, city contracting and procurement practices, sponsorship of farmers markets and community gardens, and vending and concession practices in parks and recreation facilities. With 41 cities in the Hennepin County Human Services and Public Health Department jurisdiction, the county undertook to measure the extent to which cities were engaged in making policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) changes to increase residents' access to healthful food. The results revealed that some cities, particularly those with higher resident demand for healthful food, are making nationally recommended PSE changes, such as sponsoring farmers markets and community gardens. Cities have moved more slowly to make changes in areas with perceived negative cost consequences or lesser public demand, such as parks and recreation vending and concessions. This article describes the assessment process, survey tools, findings, and implications for other health departments seeking to undertake a similar assessment.","y",null,null,"journal article","diet",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1158,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":4},2,null,0,null,0,0,2,null,0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1158,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1158,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"+V1158&U1158","v":"0no city or multiple cities stated"},1,1,0]
["Payne GH; Wethington H; Olsho L; Jernigan J; Farris R; Walker DK; .",2016,"Implementing a farmers' market incentive program: perspectives on the New York City Health Bucks Program.","INTRODUCTION: One strategy for lowering the prevalence of obesity is to increase access to and affordability of fruits and vegetables through farmers' markets. However, little has been documented in the literature on the implementation of such efforts. To address this gap, the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity (DNPAO) sponsored an evaluation of the New York City Health Bucks program, a farmers' market coupon incentive program intended to increase access to fresh fruits and vegetables in underserved neighborhoods while supporting local farmers. METHODS: We conducted a process evaluation of Health Bucks program implementation. We interviewed 6 farmer/vendors, 3 market managers, and 4 program administrators, and collected data on site at 86 farmers' markets, including surveys of 81 managers and 141 farmer/vendors on their perspectives on promotion and redemption of the incentive coupons; knowledge and attitudes regarding the program; experiences with markets and products; and facilitators and barriers to program participation.  RESULTS: Results indicate that respondents view Health Bucks as a positive program model. Farmers' market incentive coupon programs like Health Bucks are one strategy to address the problem of obesity and were associated with higher fruit and vegetable access and purchases in low-income communities.  CONCLUSIONS: This evaluation identified some areas for improving implementation of the Health Bucks program. Farmers' market incentive programs like Health Bucks may be one avenue to increase access to and affordability of fruits and vegetables among low-income persons. Further research is needed to assess the potential effects of these programs on access and health outcomes.","y",null,null,"journal article","diet",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1159,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":4},2,"famers markets",2,null,0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1159,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1159,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Zieff SG; Hipp JA; Eyler AA; Kim MS; .",2016,"Ciclovia initiatives: engaging communities, partners, and policy makers along the route to success.","CONTEXT: Recent efforts to increase physical activity through changes to the built environment have led to strategies and programs that use existing public space, including bicycle lanes, temporary parks, and the ciclovia initiative (scheduled events in which streets are closed to motorized vehicles and opened for recreational activities) popularized in South America.  OBJECTIVE: This article describes and compares the processes and structures involved in developing and implementing a ciclovia-type program in 2 US urban contexts: San Francisco, California, and St Louis, Missouri. Considering the current growth of and interest in ciclovia initiatives, important outcomes, lessons learned are offered for application in other, similar settings.  DESIGN: Primary sources from both initiatives and from published research on ciclovias constitute the body of evidence and include year-end reports, grant applications, meeting minutes, budgets, published ciclovia guidelines, evaluation studies and Web sites, media sources, and interviews and personal communication with the organizers.  MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary source documents were reviewed and included in this analysis if they offered information on 3 grounded questions: What processes were used in developing the initiative? What are the current structures and practices used in implementation of initiatives? What are important lessons learned and best practices from initiatives for recommendations to stakeholders and policy makers in other contexts?  RESULTS: Among the categories compared, the structures and processes for implementation regarding buy-in and city department collaboration, route selection, programming, partnerships, media promotion, community outreach, and merchant support were relatively similar among the 2 initiatives. The categories that differed included staffing and volunteer engagement and funding.  CONCLUSION: Buy-in from community partners, merchants, residents, and city agencies is critical for a positive experience in developing and implementing ciclovia-type initiatives in urban environments. When funding and staffing are inconsistent or limited, the quality and sustainability of the initiative is less certain.","y",null,null,"journal article",null,1,0,2,"closing streets to cars",2,null,0,0,0,"nuerous",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1160,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1160,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Coady MH; Chan CA; Sacks R; Mbamalu IG; Kansagra SM; .",2016,"The impact of cigarette excise tax increases on purchasing behaviors among New York city smokers.","OBJECTIVES: We examined the relationship between cigarette excise tax increases and tax-avoidant purchasing behaviors among New York City adult smokers.  METHODS: We analyzed data from the city's annual Community Health Survey to assess changes in rates of tax avoidance over time (2003-2010) and smokers' responses to the 2008 state cigarette tax increase. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified correlates of buying more cigarettes on the street in response to the increase.  RESULTS: After the 2002 tax increase, the percentage of smokers engaged in tax-avoidant behavior decreased with time from 30% in 2003 to 13% in 2007. Following the 2008 tax increase, 21% of smokers reported buying more cigarettes from another person on the street. Low-income, younger, Black, and Hispanic smokers were more likely than respondents with other sociodemographic characteristics to purchase more cigarettes on the street.  CONCLUSIONS: To maximize public health impact, cigarette tax increases should be paired with efforts to limit the flow of untaxed cigarettes entering jurisdictions with high cigarette pack prices.","y",null,null,"journal article","smoking",1,7,2,"tax on cigarettes",2,null,0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1161,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1161,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Tsui EK; Deutsch J; Patinella S; Freudenberg N; .",2013,"Missed opportunities for improving nutrition through institutional food: the case for food worker training.","The institutional food sector-including food served in schools, child care settings, hospitals, and senior centers-is a largely untapped resource for public health that may help to arrest increasing rates of obesity and diet-related health problems. To make this case, we estimated the reach of a diverse institutional food sector in 1 large municipality, New York City, in 2012, and explored the potential for improving institutional food by building the skills and nutritional knowledge of foodservice workers through training. Drawing on the research literature and preliminary data collected in New York City, we discuss the dynamics of nutritional decision-making in these settings. Finally, we identify opportunities and challenges associated with training the institutional food workforce to enhance nutrition and health.","y",null,null,"journal article","diet",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1162,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":4},2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1162,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1162,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Ransome Y; Terzian A; Addison D; Braunstein S; Myers J; Abraham B; Nash D; .",2015,"Expanded HIV testing coverage is associated with decreases in late HIV diagnoses.","OBJECTIVE: Expanded HIV testing coverage could result in earlier diagnosis of HIV, along with reduced morbidity, mortality and onward HIV transmission.  DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis of aggregate, population-based surveillance data within New York City (NYC) ZIP codes.  METHODS: We examined new HIV diagnoses and recent HIV testing to examine whether changes in recent HIV testing coverage (last 12 months) were associated with changes in late HIV diagnosis rates within NYC ZIP codes during 2003-2010, a period of expansion of HIV testing in NYC.  RESULTS: Overall, recent HIV testing coverage increased from 23 to 31% during 2003-2010, while the rate of late HIV diagnoses decreased from 14.9 per 100 000 to 10.6 per 100 000 population. Within ZIP codes, each 10% absolute increase in recent HIV testing coverage was associated with a 2.5 per 100 000 absolute decrease in the late HIV diagnosis rate. ZIP codes with the largest changes in HIV testing coverage among men were more likely to have the largest (top quartile) declines in late HIV diagnosis rates among men [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)men = 4.0; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.5-10.8], compared with ZIP codes with no or small changes in HIV testing coverage. This association was not significant for women (aORwomen = 1.4; 95% CI 0.50-4.3). Significant geographic disparities in late HIV diagnosis rates persisted in 2009/2010.  CONCLUSION: Increases in recent HIV testing coverage may have reduced late HIV diagnoses among men. Persistent geographic disparities underscore the need for continued expansion of HIV testing to promote earlier HIV diagnosis.","y",null,null,"journal article","HIV",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1163,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":2},2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1163,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1163,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Li, L., Lei, Y., Pan, D., Yu, C., Si, C",2016,"Economic evaluation of the air pollution effect on public health in China’s 74 cities",null,"i",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1164,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1164,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Ralph Chapman a,b,⁎, Philippa Howden-Chapman c, Anthony Capon",2016,"Understanding the systemic nature of cities to improve health and climate change mitigation","2016 Elsevier Ltd. Understanding cities comprehensively as systems is a costly challenge and is typically not feasible for policy makers. Nevertheless, focusing on some key systemic characteristics of cities can give useful insights for policy to advance health and well-being outcomes. Moreover, if we take a coevolutionary systems view of cities, some conventional assumptions about the nature of urban development (e.g. the growth in private vehicle use with income) may not stand up. We illustrate this by examining the coevolution of urban transport and land use systems, and institutional change, giving examples of policy implications. At a high level, our concern derives from the need to better understand the dynamics of urban change, and its implications for health and well-being. At a practical level, we see opportunities to use stylised findings about urban systems to underpin policy experiments.While it is now not uncommon to view cities as systems, policy makers appear to have made little use so far of a systems approach to inform choice of policies with consequences for health and well-being. System insights can be applied to intelligently anticipate change - for example, as cities are subjected to increasing natural system reactions to climate change, they must find ways to mitigate and adapt to it. Secondly, systems insights around policy cobenefits are vital for better informing horizontal policy integration. Lastly, an implication of system complexity is that rather than seeking detailed, 'full' knowledge about urban issues and policies, cities would be well advised to engage in policy experimentation to address increasingly urgent health and climate change issues.","y",null,null,"journal article","health",1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1165,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1165,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Humayun, M.A., Meeking, D. ",2015,"Improving a diabetes foot service to prevent amputations: the Portsmouth experience","Diabetes-related amputations have a dramatic effect on quality of life and life expectancy and are also a huge financial burden to the National Health Service (NHS). The city of Portsmouth had the second-highest amputation rate in the country from 2007-2010, according to data published in early 2011, leading to a restructuring of the foot care pathway in the area. Over a three year period, the rate of major amputations in people with diabetes in Portsmouth has fallen from 2.3/1,000 to 1.4/1,000, compared with the national average of 1.1/1,000. Repeat hospital admissions for diabetic foot disease are comparable to the national average for the first time. We continue to identify areas of improvement needed for our patients with diabetes and hope to continue to improve foot outcomes for our patients","y",null,null,"journal article","diabetes",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1166,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":9},2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"portsmouth",330,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1166,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Portsmouth"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1166,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandPortsmouth",3,3,2]
["rrington J.L.; Faskunger J.; Mackiewicz K.;",2015,"Evaluation of risk factor reduction in a European City Network.","There is a substantial and growing burden of premature mortality caused by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. This paper evaluates the preventive efforts of the WHO European Healthy Cities Network during its fifth phase (2009-13), specifically for four behavioural risk factors (tobacco use, alcohol abuse, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity). Drawing on case studies, questionnaire responses and other materials, it notes which cities were involved, what worked and did not, the triggers for action, challenges met and lessons learnt. Few cities appeared to have taken comprehensive approaches to NCD prevention across multiple risk factors, or have combined population- and individual-level interventions. Work on healthy food and diet predominantly focused on children in educational or care settings, and few cities appeared to take a comprehensive approach to tackling obesity. Partnerships were a strong feature for all the NCD risk factor work, and were frequently extensive, being most diverse for the Healthy Diet and Food work. There were strong examples of engagement with communities, also involved in co-designing and shaping projects. Equity also featured strongly and there were multiple examples of how attention had been paid to the social determinants of health. There was evidence that cities continue to be significant innovative forces within their countries and drivers of change, and the mutual dependency of the national and local levels was highlighted. Interventions to promote physical activity have shifted focus from specific events and projects to being more integrated with other policy areas and based on intersectoral collaboration.","y",null,null,"journal article",null,1,0,2,"WHO",0,null,9,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1167,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1167,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Evelyne de Leeuw1,*, Geoff Green2, Lucy Spanswick1, and Nicola Palmer1",2015,"Policymaking in European healthy cities","This paper assesses policy development in, with and for Healthy Cities in the European Region of the World Health Organization. Materials for the assessment were sourced through case studies, a questionnaire and statistical databases. They were compiled in a realist synthesis methodology, applying theory-based evaluation principles. Non-response analyses were applied to ascertain the degree of representatives of the high response rates for the entire network of Healthy Cities in Europe. Further measures of reliability and validity were applied, and it was found that our material was indicative of the entire network. European Healthy Cities are successful in developing local health policy across many sectors within and outside government. They were also successful in addressing 'wicked' problems around equity, governance and participation in themes such as Healthy Urban Planning. It appears that strong local leadership for policy change is driven by international collaboration and the stewardship of the World Health Organization. The processes enacted by WHO, structuring membership of the Healthy City Network (designation) and the guidance on particular themes, are identified as being important for the success of local policy development.","y",null,null,"journal article",null,1,0,2,"WHO",0,null,9,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1168,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1168,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Jackisch J.; Zamaro G.; Green G.; Huber M.;",2015,"Is a healthy city also an age-friendly city?.","Healthy Ageing is an important focus of the European Healthy Cities Network and has been supported by WHO since 2003 as a key strategic topic, since 2010 in cooperation with the Global Network of Age-friendly Cities and Communities. Based on the methodology of realist evaluation, this article synthesizes qualitative evidence from 33 structured case studies (CS) from 32 WHO European Healthy Cities, 72 annual reports from Network cities and 71 quantitative responses to a General Evaluation Questionnaire. City cases are assigned to three clusters containing the eight domains of an age-friendly city proposed by WHO's Global Age-friendly City Guide published in 2007. The analysis of city's practice and efforts in this article takes stock of how cities have developed the institutional prerequisites and processes necessary for implementing age-friendly strategies, programmes and projects. A content analysis of the CS maps activities across age-friendly domains and illustrates how cities contribute to improving the social and physical environments of older people and enhance the health and social services provided by municipalities and their partners","n",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1169,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1169,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Wolf SA; Grimshaw VE; Sacks R; Maguire T; Matera C; Lee KK",2015,"he impact of a temporary recurrent street closure on physical activity in New York City","At least 70 US cities have now introduced ciclovias-large-scale street closures to promote physical activity-joining numerous other cities worldwide that have implemented ciclovias in efforts to improve population health. We assessed the impact of Summer Streets, a New York City program in which 6.9 contiguous miles of urban streets were closed to traffic and opened for walking, cycling, and group activities, such as dancing and yoga, on population physical activity levels. Screen line counts were used to estimate attendance, and a street intercept survey was conducted to assess demographic characteristics of participants, baseline adherence to physical activity recommendations, and type and duration of physical activity at Summer Streets. In addition, a traffic study was used to determine if there were vehicular traffic delays as a result of the program. About 50,000 people participated in Summer Streets; among participating New Yorkers, bicyclists averaged 6.7 miles, runners 4.3 miles, and walkers 3.6 miles, equivalent to 72-86 min of moderate physical activity. Among New Yorkers attending Summer Streets, 24 % reported that they did not routinely engage in moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activity. These non-routine exercisers engaged in the equivalent of 26-68 min of moderate-intensity physical activity at Summer Streets. Summer Streets served as an enticement for New Yorkers, including those who did not ordinarily meet physical activity recommendations, to engage in physical activity. There were no significant vehicular traffic delays during the program.","n","duplicate",{"$nulls":14},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1170,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1170,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Soranz, D., Pinto, L.F., Penna, G.O.  ",2016,"Themes and reform of primary health care (RCAPS) in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | [Eixos e a reforma dos cuidados em atenção primária em saúde (RCAPS) na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil] ","© 2016, Associacao Brasileira de Pos - Graduacao em Saude Coletiva. All rights reserved. During the period of 1990-2000, Rio de Janeiro was characterized by a limited supply of public and universal primary care services. In 2008, family health team coverage corresponded to 3.5% of the population, the lowest among capital cities. At the end of 2013, coverage reached more than 40% of Rio residents with teams comprised of doctors, nurses, practical nurses, community health agents, and health surveillance agents, in addition to oral health teams. This article describes and analyzes the main components of the Reform in Primary Health Care (RCAPS) implemented since 2009, focusing on three lines of action: administrative reform, organizational model, and model of care. A new organizational chart of the Municipal Health Secretary and a legal framework for a new results-based model were created. As for the model of care, the standardization of procedures and health activities for all units and the monthly assessment of clinical indicators of results of implanted electronic medical records were created. Experience has shown the feasibility of RCAPS, pointing to new challenges that will allow consolidation of the expansion of access, training of human resources, health communication, and a shift to a managerial results-driven model.","y",null,null,"journal article","quality of primary care",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1171,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":38},2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Rio de Janeiro",316,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1171,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rio de Janeiro"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1171,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Brazil"},"BrazilRio de Janeiro",14,2,0]
["mah et al",2016,"policy options for healthier retail food environments in city-regions","Public policy is central to health promotion: it determines the distribution of resources in a society and establishes the structural context for the actions of both corporations and consumers. With this in mind, the purpose of this paper is to begin a discussion on promising policy options for a health-promoting retail food environment. Drawing on specific municipal examples, we examine four groups of policy options for healthier retail food environments in cityregions: planning for health; transforming consumer environments; economic and fiscal instruments; and a culture of transparency and participation. We\nintroduce examples of policy options that are receiving increasing attention in the public health and urban planning literature and that function at the municipal level. We also highlight how public health professionals have an important role to play in policy that shapes retail food environments, especially in making explicit the linkages between health and other policy goals. In doing so, this commentary aims to motivate public health practitioners in a variety of community contexts to consider the policy supports they need to advance their exploration, development, testing and evaluation of interventions for healthier retail food environments.","y",null,null,"journal article","diet",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1172,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":4},2,null,0,null,1,{"$f":"-R1172","v":0},0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1172,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1172,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Sisnowski et al",2016,"Targeting population nutrition through municipal health and food\npolicy: Implications of New York City’s experiences in regulatory obesity\nprevention","Obesity remains a major public health challenge across OECD countries and policy-makers globally\nrequire successful policy precedents. This paper analyzes New York City’s innovative experiences in regulatory\napproaches to nutrition. We combined a systematic documentary review and key informant\ninterviews (n = 9) with individuals directly involved in nutrition policy development and decisionmaking.\nThematic analysis was guided by Kingdon’s three-streams-model and the International\nObesity Task Force’s evidence-based decision-making framework. Our findings indicate that decisive\nmayoral leadership spearheaded initial agenda-change and built executive capacity to support\nevidence-driven policy. Policy-makers in the executive branch recognized the dearth of evidence for concrete\npolicy interventions, and made contributing to the evidence base an explicit goal. Their approach\npreferred decision-making through executive action and rules passed by the Board of Health that successfully\nbanned trans-fats from food outlets, set institutional food standards, introduced menu labeling\nrequirements for chain restaurants, and improved access to healthy foods for disadvantaged populations.\nAlthough the Health Department collaborated with the legislature on legal and programmatic food access\nmeasures, there was limited engagement with elected representatives and the community on regulatory\nobesity prevention. Our analysis suggests that this hurt the administration’s ability to successfully\ncommunicate the public health messages motivating these contentious proposals; contributing to\nunexpected opposition from food access and minority advocates, and fueling charges of executive overreach.\nOverall, NYC presents a case of expert-driven policy change, underpinned by evidence-based environmental\napproaches. The city’s experience demonstrates that there is scope to redefine municipal\nresponsibilities for public health and that incremental change and contentious public discussion can\nimpact social norms around nutrition.","y",null,null,"journal article","obesity",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1173,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":1},2,null,7,null,5,0,1,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1173,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1173,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Gusmano et al",2016,"health improvements in BRIC cities",null,"y",null,null,"journal article",null,1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,null,0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1174,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1174,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["flacke et al",2016,"Mapping Environmental Inequalities Relevant for\nHealth for Informing Urban Planning\nInterventions—A Case Study in the City of\nDortmund, Germany",null,"y",null,null,"journal article","health inequalities",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1175,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":3},2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"dortmund",331,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1175,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Dortmund"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1175,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Germany"},"GermanyDortmund",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1175,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1175,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["parrish et al",2016,"Air quality improvement in Los Angeles—perspectives for developing cities",null,"y",null,null,"journal article","air quality",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1176,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":16},2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"los angeles",118,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1176,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Los Angeles"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1176,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaLos Angeles",1,1,0]
["Chang and Lo",2016,"planning and implementing a smart city in tiawen",null,"i",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1177,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1177,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["villalbi and Ventayol",2016,"climate change and health","Climate change poses huge challenges for public health, and cities are at the forefront\nof this process. The purpose of this paper is to present the issues climate change\nposes for public health in the city of Barcelona, how they are being addressed, and\nwhat are the current major challenges, trying to contribute to the development of a\nbaseline understanding of the status of adaptation in cities from a public health\nperspective. The major issues related to climate change faced by the city are\ncommon to other urban centers in a Mediterranean climate: heat waves, water\navailability and quality, air quality, and diseases transmitted by vectors, and all are\nreviewed in detail with empirical data. They are not a potential threat for the future,\nbut have actually challenged the city services and infrastructure over the last years,\nrequiring sustainable responses and rigorous planning","i",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1178,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1178,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Kota Ogasawara,  Shinichiro Shirota,  Genya Kobayashi",2016,"Public health improvements and mortality in interwar Tokyo: a Bayesian disease mapping approach","Recent studies have found that modern water supply systems played an\nimportant role in mitigating the mortality risks in major US cities in the early\ntwentieth century. Modern water supply systems were installed also in Japanese\ncities during the interwar period. This study examines how the modern water supply\nsystem in Tokyo City reduced mortality risks in the interwar period. By employing a\nBayesian disease mapping approach with a block-level lattice dataset of Tokyo for\n1930, we found that wider access to purified water through water supply systems\nplayed an important role in mitigating mortality risks during the study period. Our\nestimation results show that clean water accounted for approximately 41.3 and\n34.9 % of improvements in crude and child death rates, respectively, between 1921\nand 1937 in Tokyo.","y",null,null,"journal article","water",1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"tokyo",325,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1179,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"tokyo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1179,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Japan"},"Japantokyo",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1179,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1179,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},2]
["Choucair B; Bhatt J; Mansour R; ",2016,"A Bright Future: Innovation Transforming Public Health in Chicago\n","\n Big cities continue to be centers for innovative solutions and services. Governments are quickly identifying opportunities to take advantage of this energy and revolutionize the means by which they deliver services to the public. The governmental public health sector is rapidly evolving in this respect, and Chicago is an emerging example of some of the changes to come. Governments are gradually adopting innovative informatics and big data tools and strategies, led by pioneering jurisdictions that are piecing together the standards, policy frameworks, and leadership structures fundamental to effective analytics use. They give an enticing glimpse of the technology's potential and a sense of the challenges that stand in the way. This is a rapidly evolving environment, and cities can work with partners to capitalize on the innovative energies of civic tech communities, health care systems, and emerging markets to introduce new methods to solve old problems.","n",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1180,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1180,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Bhatia, Rajiv",2016,"Case study: San Francisco's use of neighborhood indicators to encourage healthy urban development.","Neighborhood indicators are quantitative measures of neighborhood quality, including measures of attributes such as crime, noise, proximity to parks, transit services, social capital, and student performance. In 2007 the San Francisco Department of Public Health, with broad public input, developed a comprehensive system of neighborhood indicators to inform, influence, and monitor decisions made by the Department of City Planning and other community development institutions. Local public agencies, businesses, and citizens' groups used the indicators to identify disparities in environmental and social conditions, inform and shape neighborhood land use plans, select appropriate sites for development projects, craft new environmental regulations, and justify demands on developers to make financial contributions to community infrastructure. Among other things, the use of indicators contributed to policies to prevent residential displacement, a city ordinance requiring stricter building ventilation standards in areas with high air pollution, and the redeployment of traffic police to high-injury corridors. Data that can be used to create neighborhood indicators are increasingly available, and participation by public health and health care institutions in the indicators' development, dissemination, and application could help improve several conditions that contribute to poor population health. Copyright Project HOPE-The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.","y",null,null,"journal article","health",1,0,2,null,4,null,0,0,0,"san francisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1181,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1181,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1181,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":18},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1181,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["VanEpps, E.M., Roberto, C.A",2016,"The Influence of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Warnings: A Randomized Trial of Adolescents’ Choices and Beliefs","Introduction California, New York, and the cities of San Francisco and Baltimore have introduced bills requiring health-related warning labels for sugar-sweetened beverages. This study measures the extent to which these warning labels influence adolescents’ beliefs and hypothetical choices. Design Participants completed an online survey in which they chose a beverage in a hypothetical vending machine task, rated perceptions of different beverages, and indicated interest in coupons for beverages. Data were collected and analyzed in 2015. Setting/participants A total of 2,202 demographically diverse adolescents aged 12–18 years completed the online survey. Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to one of six conditions: (1) no warning label; (2) calorie label; (3–6) one of four text versions of a warning label (e.g., SAFETY WARNING: Drinking beverages with added sugar(s) contributes to obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay). Main outcome measures Hypothetical choices, perceptions of beverages, interest in coupons, and endorsement of warning label policies were assessed. Results Controlling for frequency of beverage purchases, significantly fewer adolescents chose a sugar-sweetened beverage in three of the four warning label conditions (65%, 63%, and 61%) than in the no label (77%) condition. Adolescents in the four warning label conditions chose fewer sugar-sweetened beverage coupons and believed that sugar-sweetened beverages were less likely to help them lead a healthy life and had more added sugar compared with the no label condition. Conclusions Health-related warning labels on sugar-sweetened beverages improved adolescents’ recognition of the sugar content of such beverages and reduced hypothetical choices to buy sugar-sweetened beverages.","y",null,null,"journal article","obesity",1,1,2,"labelling",1,null,0,0,0,"numerous",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1182,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1182,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Gosling, R., Davies, S.M., Hussey, J.A.",2016,"How integrating primary care and public health can improve population health outcomes: A view from Liverpool, UK","Although primary care is at the forefront of delivering healthcare to the population, its role in preventing poor health has varied throughout history. Faced with growing demand on healthcare services and a rise in noncommunicable diseases, some health systems are attempting to integrate healthcare delivery with broader population health and wellbeing interventions. Liverpool has a rich history of taking action to improve population health; this paper discusses a range of interventions that have taken place across the city. There is a renewed opportunity to systematise approaches to primary and secondary prevention, strengthened by the lead that general practitioners now have in commissioning health services and their accountability for improved population health outcomes through clinical commissioning groups. This is strongly articulated in the Healthy Liverpool program, a city-wide plan for health and care services. This paper suggests that four key enablers strengthen delivery of public health priorities through primary care: maximising opportunities to identify risk factors for preventable disease, fully exploiting the data collected in primary care to plan and design services, responding to community needs and assets through community engagement, and addressing wider determinants of health through strong partnerships.","y",null,null,"journal article","quality of primary care",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1183,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":38},2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"liverpool",112,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1183,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Liverpool"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1183,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLiverpool",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1183,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":10},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1183,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Paolini, P., Di Blas, N., Copelli, S., Mercalli, F.",2016,"City4Age: Smart cities for health prevention","IEEE 2nd International Smart Cities Conference: Improving the Citizens Quality of Life, ISC2 2016 - Proceedings , \nart. no. 7580804\n","y",null,null,"journal article","smart cities",1,0,2,null,4,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1184,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1184,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Cantor J; Torres A; Abrams C; Elbel B",2017,"Five Years Later: Awareness Of New York City's Calorie Labels Declined, With No Changes In Calories Purchased.","To follow up on a previous study that examined how the mandated displaying of calorie information on menu boards in fast-food restaurants in New York City influenced consumers' behavior, we analyzed itemized cash register receipts and survey responses from 7,699 consumers at four fast-food chains. Using a difference-in-differences study design, we found that consumers exposed to menu labeling immediately after the mandate took effect in 2008 and at three points in 2013-14 reported seeing and using the information more often than their counterparts at fast-food restaurants without menu labeling. In each successive period of data collection, the percentage of respondents noticing and using the information declined, while remaining above the prelabeling baseline. There were no statistically significant changes over time in levels of calories or other nutrients purchased or in the frequency of visits to fast-food restaurants. Menu labeling at fast-food chain restaurants, which the Affordable Care Act requires to be implemented nationwide in 2016, remains an unproven strategy for improving the nutritional quality of consumer food choices at the population level. Additional policy efforts that go beyond labeling and possibly alter labeling to increase its impact must be considered. Copyright Project HOPE-The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.","n",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1185,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1185,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["goldsmith W W ",2016,"Saving our cities: A progressive plan to transform urban America","In Saving Our Cities, William W. Goldsmith shows how cities can be places of opportunity rather than places with problems. With strongly revived cities and suburbs, working as places that serve all their residents, metropolitan areas will thrive, thus making the national economy more productive, the environment better protected, the citizenry better educated, and the society more reflective, sensitive, and humane. Goldsmith argues that America has been in the habit of abusing its cities and their poorest suburbs, which are always the first to be blamed for society's ills and the last to be helped. As federal and state budgets, regulations, and programs line up with the interests of giant corporations and privileged citizens, they impose austerity on cities, shortchange public schools, make it hard to get nutritious food, and inflict the drug war on unlucky neighborhoods. Frustration with inequality is spreading. Parents and teachers call persistently for improvements in public schooling, and education experiments abound. Nutrition indicators have begun to improve, as rising health costs and epidemic obesity have led to widespread attention to food. The futility of the drug war and the high costs of unwarranted, unprecedented prison growth have become clear. Goldsmith documents a positive development: progressive politicians in many cities and some states are proposing far-reaching improvements, supported by advocacy groups that form powerful voting blocs, ensuring that Congress takes notice. When more cities forcefully demand enlightened federal and state action on these four interrelated problems-inequality, schools, food, and the drug war-positive movement will occur in traditional urban planning as well, so as to meet the needs of most residents for improved housing, better transportation, and enhanced public spaces.","y","book",null,"journal article","health",1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1186,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1186,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Whitney, E.A., Blake, S., Berkelman, R.L.",2017,"Implementation of a Legionella Ordinance for Multifamily Housing, Garland, Texas",null,"n",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1187,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1187,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Isett K.R.; Laugesen M.J.; Cloud D.H.; ",2015,"Learning from New York City : a case study of public health policy practice in the Bloomberg administration.","OBJECTIVES: To ascertain any lessons learned about how public health reforms undertaken in New York City during the Bloomberg Administration were shepherded through the public policy and administration gauntlet. The question is, how feasible is this approach and would it work outside of New York City?\nDESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Using a theoretically grounded case study approach, 3 initiatives were examined that were proposed and/or implemented during a 10-year period of the Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg (2002-2011): transfats restrictions, clean bus transportation policies, and a sugar-sweetened beverages tax (as a counterfactual). The investigation began by performing a comprehensive public documents search and was followed with interviews of 27 individuals involved in the selected policy initiatives. Interviews were coded in Nvivo using an iterative, grounded methodology.\nRESULTS: Using a theoretical lens, the case study illustrates that the multifaceted role of leadership was not confined to the executives in the City or the Agency. Instead, leadership extended to other administrative officials within the agency and the Board of Health. Second, New York City used reorganization and coordinative mechanisms strategically to ensure achievement of their goals. This included creation of new departments/bureaus and coordinating structures across the City. Evidence of the explicit use of incentives, as initially anticipated from the theoretical framework, was not found.\nCONCLUSIONS: While some aspects of this case study are unique to the context of New York City, 2 approaches used in New York City are feasible for other jurisdictions: harnessing the full scope and breadth of authority of the agency and its associated boards and commissions, and remobilizing existing workforce to explicitly focus on and coordinate targeted policies for issues of concern. Questions for further consideration are posed at the conclusion of the article.\n","n","duplicate",{"$nulls":14},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1188,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1188,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["stibe",2016,"Persuasive cities: Health behavior change at scale","© 2017, CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.Can you imagine a city that feels, understands, and cares about your wellbeing? Future cities will reshape human behavior in countless ways. New strategies and models of urban spaces are required for creating future cities to properly respond to human activity, environmental conditions, and market dynamics. Persuasive urban systems will play an important role in making cities more livable and resource-efficient by addressing current environmental problems and enabling healthier routines. Drawing on socio-psychological theories and integrating them with new concepts for urban design, the persuasive cities research focuses on improving wellbeing across societies. This research presents an ecosystem of future cities, describes three generic groups of people depending on their susceptibility to persuasive technology, explains the process of defining behavior change, and provides tools for social engineering of persuasive cities. Further research should continue exploring how urban design in combination with socially influencing systems could encourage healthy and sustainable behaviors at scale.","y",null,null,"journal article","health",1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1189,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1189,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1189,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Stibe, A., Chatterjee, S., Schechtner, K., (...), Chin, R.C.C., Larson, K.",2016,"empowering cities for sustainable wellbeing","© 2017, CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.Quality of life in cities can be improved through reshaping and advancing urban spaces with seamless persuasive and socially influencing strategies for empowering people to succeed in achieving better lifestyles. This vision aims at helping people to acquire healthy and resource-efficient everyday routines, thus leading to prosperous and sustainable societies. Urban engineers and technology developers are oftentimes unaware of how diversely their innovations will affect lives of many people. Therefore, this research is focused on investigating and designing ways how urban environments can be retrofitted and complemented with persuasive technology and socially influencing systems to facilitate societal changes at scale. Outcomes of this research are instrumental for various contexts, including health, mobility, education, energy and water conservation, safety, emergency management, ecology, and economy. Ultimately, more refined scientific knowledge on how to design empowering cities has to be generated and translated into applicable guidelines for practice to foster their emergence.","y",null,null,"journal article","health",1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1190,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1190,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1190,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Ledson M.J.; Grundy S.; Gaynor E.; Arvanitis R.; Timoney M.; Field J.; ",2016,"The liverpool healthy lung project-seeking out early stage lung cancer.","Liverpool has one of the highest respiratory morbidity rates in England, with double the lung cancer incidence, particularly in lower socioeconomic groups. To tackle this health inequality in February 2016 in conjunction with Liverpool CCG, the primary care sector, public health and Liverpool University we commenced the 3-year 3.3M Liverpool Healthy Lung Project. The project has 2 sequential phases. Phase 1 By means of a series of coordinated focused public engagement events throughout the city, starting in areas with higher lung cancer incidence, this aims to promote positive messages around lung health, and address the fear and fatalism surrounding lung cancer. Phase 2 All individuals between the ages of 58-70 who have COPD, have smoked, or are asbestos exposed are invited to a face to face lung health check conducted by an experienced respiratory nurse. Positive lifestyle messages are promoted and a 5- year personal lung cancer risk calculated (www.MyLungRisk.org using LLPv2 risk model). Those who trigger the 5% threshold are offered a low dose thoracic CT scan. The community healthy lung events attracted 1346 interactions and 462 individuals completed spirometry. 90 (19%) of these tests were abnormal which triggered a consultation in primary care. Projections suggest 34,000 patients will be eligible for phase 2: in the first 12 weeks, in Picton Ward (eligible population 2471) 896 (36%) individuals booked to attend the lung health check, where 230 (31%) triggered the offer of a CT. To date 138 scans have been reported: 24 (17%), had significant findings, of which 9 (6%) require a 3 month and 3 (2%) 12 month repeat scan for nodules. Two individuals had confirmed cancer (both resected), with 2 further cases currently being worked up. Of 406 patients (45%) without previously diagnosed COPD, 180 (44%) had abnormal spirometry, and have gone on to further diagnostics. The complete Picton Ward data will be presented at the conference. This innovative project is already improving access to respiratory healthcare in a deprived area of Liverpool, and should improve outcomes for lung cancer in this disadvantaged population. The project has been adopted by the national ACE program.","y",null,null,"journal article","cancer",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1191,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":22},2,"early diag lung cancer",3,null,3,0,0,"liverpool",112,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1191,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Liverpool"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1191,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLiverpool",3,3,1]
["Daniel Soranz 1\nLuís Augusto Coelho Pisco ",2016,"Primary Health Care Reform in the cities of Lisbon and Rio\nde Janeiro: context, strategies, results, learning and challenges","t On the 30th anniversary of Alma-Ata,\nthe World Health Organization published in 2008\nthe “Primary Health Care Now More Than Ever”\nReport, calling on all governments to reflect on the\nneed to reflect on four sets of reforms. These included:\n(i) universal coverage reforms; (ii) service\ndelivery reforms; (iii) public policies reforms that\nwould ensure healthier communities; and (iv)\nleadership reforms. In this context, in the period\n2005-2016, the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Lisbon\ndeveloped a profound primary healthcare reform,\nand did so by sharing many of the solutions based\non the best internationally recognized organizational\npractices. Several factors were fundamental\nthroughout Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro’s path of\nreforms, namely: (i) teamwork with professional\nmotivation; (ii) internal and external communication;\n(iii) strengthening of training activities;\n(iv) investment in facilities and equipment;\n(v) commitment to the information system and\ncomputerization; (vi) pay-for-performance; (vii)\nhealth care contractualisation between funders\nand providers; (viii) technical leadership; (ix)\npolitical leadership; and finally (x) quality and\naccreditation of facilities by public agency","y",null,null,"journal article","quality of primary care",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1192,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":38},2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"multiple",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1192,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1192,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Teixeira, S., Kolke, D.",2017,"Using local data to address abandoned property: Lessons learned from a community health partnership","© 2017 Johns Hopkins University Press. The Problem: A growing body of research highlights the role of the built environment in promoting or impeding health. This research suggests that environmental issues like abandoned properties exact a toll on physical and mental health. Purpose: We describe a community partnership aimed at improving community health through equitable land use policies and blight remediation. Key Points: A collaboration between the University of Pittsburgh and Operation Better Block, Inc. (OBB), a community development corporation in Pittsburgh, was formed. We implemented an intervention to address property abandonment using data-driven techniques. In addition to successful advocacy for city-wide policies addressing abandonment, 80% of the properties that were part of our intervention were improved or addressed by the city. Conclusions: Balancing the needs of community and academic partners can be challenging, but our experiences suggest that community health partnerships to address built environmental issues may be an important conduit to health promotion.","y",null,null,"journal article","health",1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"pittsburgh",310,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1193,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Pittsburgh"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1193,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAPittsburgh",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1193,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["murphy and moore",2017,"Maximising paediatricians' roles in improving children's oral health: Lessons from Leicester","Aims To provide an overview of steps taken to improve oral health in one UK city and to review factors relevant to maximising the contribution that paediatricians (and potentially other health professionals) can make to improving oral health. Methods The article provides information on the strategic approach taken in Leicester, one of the most ethnically diverse cities in England, and also one of the most deprived. Over a third of children aged 3 years, and half of those aged 5 years, have experience of obvious dental decay. The collaborative strategic approach taken includes implementing a comprehensive evidence-based early intervention programme from birth (Healthy Teeth, Happy Smiles!) and a focus on professional education and engagement. In order to ensure sustainability and further improvement, wider engagement with paediatricians and other primary care providers is essential and is increasingly recognised by professional bodies. Literature relevant to the factors which inhibit engagement with paediatricians and others is reviewed and highlights issues of knowledge and competency, policies and guidelines, time and capacity and referral and access. Conclusion Children's oral health in England has improved over the last 30 years, but inequalities persist, with those living in areas of higher deprivation experiencing a substantially higher burden of dental disease. The article highlights several potential barriers which can be reduced. Collaboration is encouraged between medical and dental professionals as well as commissioners and providers at both the national and local level in order for oral health to be fully integrated within general health. Such collaboration requires appropriate leadership in order to develop policies that support curriculum changes, drive the implementation of associated guidelines, design integrated healthcare service provision and develop the partnership relationships to support this work. © 2017. Produced by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (& RCPCH) under licence.","y",null,null,"journal article","oral",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1194,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":27},2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"leicester",111,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1194,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Leicester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1194,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLeicester",3,3,0]
["aldrick",2018,"The Times","The NHS isn’t failing but it is a victim of its own very expensive success","i",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1195,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1195,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["not stated",2018,null,"Hong Kong has some 1,500 rooftop farms. The super-developed island city imports virtually all its food, but has started to grow salads and vegetables hundreds of feet above the congested downtown. A local university estimates there’s space for 50,000 people to work on the rooftops.","y",null,null,"report","green",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1196,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":36},2,"roof top farms",2,null,0,0,0,"hong kong",91,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1196,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hong Kong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1196,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHong Kong",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1196,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1196,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},1]
["not stated",2016,null,"At midnight on 31 May, Hamburg banned diesel vehicles on sections of two main roads.  More European cities are set to adopt bans. In the next year London plans to bar both diesel and petrol engine cars from certain streets. From 2024, Rome will block diesel cars in its city centre, and Paris plans to remove both petrol and diesel engine cars from 2030.","y",null,null,"report","air quality",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1197,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":16},2,"stopped cars",2,null,4,0,0,"hamburg",84,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1197,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hamburg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1197,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyHamburg",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1197,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":6},3,0]
["Kim, Sooyoung; Zafari, Zafar; Bellanger, Martine; Muennig, Peter Alexander",2018,"Cost-effectiveness of capping freeways for use as parks: The New York Cross-Bronx Expressway case study","Objectives: To examine health benefits and cost-effectiveness of implementing a freeway deck park to increase urban green space. Methods: Using the Cross-Bronx Expressway in New York City as a case study, we explored the cost-effectiveness of implementing deck parks. We built a microsimulation model that included increased exercise, fewer accidents, and less pollution as well as the cost of implementation and maintenance of the park. We estimated both the quality-adjusted life years gained and the societal costs for 2017. Results: Implementation of a deck park over sunken parts of Cross-Bronx Expressway appeared to save both lives and money. Savings were realized for 84% of Monte Carlo simulations. Conclusions: In a rapidly urbanizing world, reclaiming green space through deck parks can bring health benefits alongside economic savings over the long term. Public Health Implications: Policymakers are seeking ways to create cross-sectorial synergies that might improve both quality of urban life and health. However, such projects are very expensive, and there is little information on their return of investment. Our analysis showed that deck parks produce exceptional value when implemented over below-grade sections of road. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"journal article","green",1,36,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1198,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$F$216,4,FALSE)","v":2},null,2,null,0,0,0,"new york city",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1198,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1198,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Nieuwenhuijsen MJ; Khreis H; ",2018,"Car free cities: Pathway to healthy urban living. [Review]","BACKGROUND: Many cities across the world are beginning to shift their mobility solution away from the private cars and towards more environmentally friendly and citizen-focused means. Hamburg, Oslo, Helsinki, and Madrid have recently announced their plans to become (partly) private car free cities. Other cities like Paris, Milan, Chengdu, Masdar, Dublin, Brussels, Copenhagen, Bogota, and Hyderabad have measures that aim at reducing motorized traffic including implementing car free days, investing in cycling infrastructure and pedestrianization, restricting parking spaces and considerable increases in public transport provision. Such plans and measures are particularly implemented with the declared aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These reductions are also likely to benefit public health.\nAIMS: We aimed to describe the plans for private car free cities and its likely effects on public health.\nMETHODS: We reviewed the grey and scientific literature on plans for private car free cities, restricted car use, related exposures and health.\nRESULTS: An increasing number of cities are planning to become (partly) private car free. They mainly focus on the reduction of private car use in city centers. The likely effects of such policies are significant reductions in traffic-related air pollution, noise, and temperature in city centers. For example, up to a 40% reduction in NO2 levels has been reported on car free days. These reductions are likely to lead to a reduction in premature mortality and morbidity. Furthermore the reduction in the number of cars, and therefore a reduction in the need for parking places and road space, provides opportunities to increase green space and green networks in cities, which in turn can lead to many beneficial health effects. All these measures are likely to lead to higher levels of active mobility and physical activity which may improve public health the most and also provide more opportunities for people to interact with each other in public space. Furthermore, such initiatives, if undertaken at a sufficiently large scale can result in positive distal effects and climate change mitigation through CO2 reductions. The potential negative effects which may arise due to motorized traffic detouring around car free zone into their destinations also need further evaluation and the areas in which car free zones are introduced need to be given sufficient attention so as not to become an additional way to exacerbate socioeconomic divides. The extent and magnitude of all the above effects is still unclear and needs further research, including full chain health impact assessment modeling to quantify the potential health benefits of such schemes, and exposure and epidemiological studies to measure any changes when such interventions take place.\nCONCLUSIONS: The introduction of private car free cities is likely to have direct and indirect health benefits, but the exact magnitude and potential conflicting effects are as yet unclear. This paper has overviewed the expected health impacts, which can be useful to underpin policies to reduce car use in cities.\n","y",null,null,"journal article","air quality",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1199,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":16},2,"car free days",2,null,4,0,0,"numerous",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1199,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1199,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Chapman R; Howden-Chapman P; Capon A; ",2018,"Understanding the systemic nature of cities to improve health and climate change mitigation","Understanding cities comprehensively as systems is a costly challenge and is typically not feasible for policy makers. Nevertheless, focusing on some key systemic characteristics of cities can give useful insights for policy to advance health and well-being outcomes. Moreover, if we take a coevolutionary systems view of cities, some conventional assumptions about the nature of urban development (e.g. the growth in private vehicle use with income) may not stand up. We illustrate this by examining the coevolution of urban transport and land use systems, and institutional change, giving examples of policy implications. At a high level, our concern derives from the need to better understand the dynamics of urban change, and its implications for health and well-being. At a practical level, we see opportunities to use stylised findings about urban systems to underpin policy experiments. While it is now not uncommon to view cities as systems, policy makers appear to have made little use so far of a systems approach to inform choice of policies with consequences for health and well-being. System insights can be applied to intelligently anticipate change - for example, as cities are subjected to increasing natural system reactions to climate change, they must find ways to mitigate and adapt to it. Secondly, systems insights around policy cobenefits are vital for better informing horizontal policy integration. Lastly, an implication of system complexity is that rather than seeking detailed, 'full' knowledge about urban issues and policies, cities would be well advised to engage in policy experimentation to address increasingly urgent health and climate change issues. ","y",null,null,"report","health and environment",1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1200,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1200,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["the kings fund",2018,"the role of cities in improving population health: international insights",null,"y",null,null,"report","health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1201,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1201,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
["Backholer et al",2016,"The impact of a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages according to socio-economic position: a systematic review of the evidence","Objective: A tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) has been proposed to address population weight gain but the effect across socio-economic position (SEP) is unclear. The current study aimed to clarify the differential impact(s) of SSB\ntaxes on beverage purchases and consumption, weight outcomes and the amount paid in SSB taxes according to SEP.\nDesign: Databases (OVID and EMBASE) and grey literature were systematically  searched in June 2015 to identify studies that examined effects of an SSB price increase on beverage purchases or consumption, weight outcomes or the amount\npaid in tax across SEP, within high-income countries. Results: Of the eleven included articles, three study types were identified: (i) those that examined the association between variation in SSB taxes and SSB consumption and/or body weight (n 3); (ii) price elasticity estimation of SSB demand (n 1); and (iii) modelling of hypothetical SSB taxes by combining\nprice elasticity estimates with population SEP-specific beverage consumption, energy intake or body weight (n 7). Few studies statistically tested differences in outcomes between SEP groups. Nevertheless, of the seven studies that reported on\nchanges in weight outcomes for the total population following an increase in SSB price, all reported either similar reductions in weight across SEP groups or greater reductions for lower compared with higher SEP groups. All studies that examined\nthe average household amount paid in tax (n 5) reported that an SSB tax would be regressive, but with small differences between higher- and lower-income households (0·10–1·0% and 0·03%–0·60% of annual household income paid in\nSSB tax for low- and high-income households, respectively). Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, a tax on SSB will deliver similar population weight benefits across socio-economic strata or greater benefits for lower SEP groups. An SSB tax is shown to be consistently financially regressive, but to a small degree.","n",{"$nulls":3},"obesity",1,{"$nulls":10},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1202,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1202,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["durka dougal",2018,"Transformational change in health and care: reports from the field",null,"y",null,null,"report","health",1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1203,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1203,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["not stated",2018,"Ontario is giving away its 14million residents’ health data ","The anonymised information will help 100 companies build artificial intelligence that can diagnose diseases before medical professionals can. It’s the largest experiment of its kind.","y",null,null,"report","shared data",1,35,2,"sharing data",4,"not stated",5,0,0,"Ontario",153,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1204,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Ottawa"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1204,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaOttawa",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1204,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated",2018,"Chicago is installing a 'Fitbit' to measure the city's health.  \n\n","The array of 500 sensors will track air quality, traffic and hyper-local weather conditions,","n",{"$nulls":13},"chicago",50,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1205,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"chicago"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1205,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAchicago"]
["Ejlerskov KT",2018,"Supermarket policies on less-healthy food at checkouts: Natural experimental evaluation using interrupted time series analyses of purchases","The implementation of supermarket checkout food policies was associated with an immediate reduction in take-home purchases of sugary confectionery, chocolate, and crisps. There was some indication that this decrease was sustained 1 year post implementation, but this was not robust to sensitivity analysis. Data collected after implementation of all policies revealed that on-the-go purchases of common checkout foods appeared to be lower from supermarkets with versus without checkout food policies. Voluntary supermarket-led activities have the potential to promote healthier food purchasing.","n",{"$nulls":3},"diet",1,28,2,"moved sweets from near tills",null,"voluntary scheme",1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1206,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1206,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",null,null,1]
["RWJ email",2019,"community of 20 churches and a mosque are banding together to focus on the city's African-American hub who experience the county's highest rates of heart attack and stroke",null,"y","webpage ",null,"report","cardiovascular",1,26,2,"programme in churches and mosque",1,"voluntary scheme",2,0,0,"San Diego",181,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1207,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Diego"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1207,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Diego",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1207,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":7},1,0]
["britnell, Mark",2015,"In Search of the Perfect Health System",null,"n",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1208,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1208,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Jeremy Heimans, Henry Timms ",2019,"New Power: Why outsiders are winning, institutions are failing, and how the rest of us can keep up in the age of mass participation",null,"n",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1209,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1209,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[null,2017,"Cities Alive ","Freibrug has for the last 40 years persued a strategy reducing cars and improvign the environment","y",null,null,"report","health",1,0,2,"broad programme",2,null,5,0,0,"Freiburg",258,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1210,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Freiburg im Breisgau"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1210,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Germany"},"GermanyFreiburg im Breisgau",28,3,0]
["Corinna Hawkes\nSimon Russell\nAnna Isaacs\nHarry Rutter\nRussell Viner",2017,"Obesity Policy Research Unit (OPRU): Rapid response briefing paper","Amsterdam implemented a city-wide unhealthy food advertising ban in all metro stations as well as council-owned locations across the city. Amsterdam also banned unhealthy food and drinks sponsorship of sports events where more than 25% of the audience are children","y",null,null,"report","health",1,1,2,"broad",7,"health programme",5,0,0,"amsterdam",4,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1211,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"amsterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1211,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsamsterdam",30,3,2]
["city report",2012,"City of Seinäjoki, Overcoming Obesity Programme 2013–2020",null,"y",null,null,"report","health",1,1,2,"broad",7,null,5,0,0,"Seinajoki ",259,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1212,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Seinajoki"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1212,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Finland"},"FinlandSeinajoki",26,3,2]
["WHO",2015,"finland obesity curbs",null,"y",null,null,"report","health",1,1,2,"broad",7,null,5,0,0,"Seinajoki ",259,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1213,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Seinajoki"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1213,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Finland"},"FinlandSeinajoki",26,3,2]
["ICF Macro",2015,"Signs of Progress in Childhood Obesity Declines: Site Summary Report, Philadelphia, PA.",null,"y",null,null,"report","health",1,1,2,null,7,null,5,0,0,"Philedelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1214,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1214,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,2]
["Robbins JM, Mallya G, Wagner A, Buehler JW.",2015,"Prevalence, Disparities, and Trends in Obesity and Severe Obesity Among Students in the School District of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2006–2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2015;12:150185. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150185",null,"y",null,null,"report","health",1,1,2,null,7,null,5,0,0,"philedelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1215,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1215,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,2]
["Kelly, Paul M.\nDavies, Anna\nGreig, Alexandra J. M.\nLee, Karen K.",2016,"Obesity Prevention in a City State: Lessons from New York City during the Bloomberg Administration",null,"y",null,null,"journal article","health",1,1,2,"broad",7,null,5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1216,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1216,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Fu, Yuk Ching Alex\nTo, Kit Ching\nTao, Wing Yan\nKwan, Kai Ming Andrew\nLee, Yuen Ho\nFung, Yu Kei Anne\nChing, Cheuk Tuen Regina\nChung, Wai Hung Thomas",2018,"School accreditation scheme reduces childhood obesity in Hong Kong",null,"y",null,null,"report","health",1,1,2,"school based",1,null,0,0,0,"hong kong",91,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1217,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hong Kong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1217,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHong Kong",5,4,2]
["Stacey Willocks\nKatherine Reddy",2015,"Signs of Progress in Childhood Obesity Declines Site Summary Report Anchorage, Alaska 2015",null,"y",null,null,"journal article",null,1,1,2,"broad",7,null,5,0,0,"anchorage",260,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1218,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Anchorage"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1218,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAAnchorage",1,1,2]
["Healthier Auckland Together Plan,",2015,"Healthier Auckland Together Plan,",null,"y",null,null,"report",null,1,1,2,null,7,null,5,0,0,"auckland",9,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1219,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"auckland"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1219,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"New Zealand"},"New Zealandauckland",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1219,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":4},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1219,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Gupta, Nidhi\nKai Chin, Ming\nYang, Jingzhen\nBalasekaran, Govindasamy\nChia, Michael\nN. Girandola, Robert\nR. Edginton, Christopher\nMo Ching, Magdalena",2010,"Obesity prevention in Singapore: collaborative efforts among government, health professionals and the community",null,"y",null,null,"report",null,1,1,2,"broad",7,null,5,0,0,"Singapore",198,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1220,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Singapore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1220,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"singapore"},"singaporeSingapore",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1220,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":10},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1220,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Foo, L. L.\nVijaya, K.\nSloan, R. A.\nLing, A.",2013,"Obesity prevention and management: Singapore's experience",null,"y",null,null,"journal article",null,1,1,2,null,7,null,5,0,0,"singapore",198,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1221,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Singapore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1221,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"singapore"},"singaporeSingapore",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1221,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":10},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1221,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Jenny Lei Ravelo",2018,"Cities and NCDs: The growing threat of childhood obesity in Quito",null,"y",null,null,"journal article",null,1,1,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"Quito  (ecuador)",261,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1222,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Quito"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1222,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Ecuador"},{"$f":"+V1222&U1222","v":"EcuadorQuito"},65,2,0]
["Alanqoudi, Zahir\nAlhinai, Saleh",2010,"nizwa healthy lifestyle project evaluation report 2010",null,"y",null,null,"journal article",null,1,1,2,null,7,null,5,0,0,"Nizwa (Oman)",262,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1223,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nizwa"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1223,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Oman"},"OmanNizwa",66,4,1]
["N. Freudenberg a,*, S. Atkinson b,c ",2015,"Getting food policy on the Mayoral table:\na comparison of two election cycles in New York\nand London","Cities and Mayors are increasingly being recognized as important in shaping social policy and improving social well-being. And municipal food policies are increasingly important as a tool to reduce food insecurity and prevent diet-related chronic diseases. Thus city governments have a unique ability to improve local food environments.\nTo realize this potential for improving urban food environments, nutrition advocates will need to find innovative approaches for influencing municipal food policy.\nThis paper examines Mayoral elections as a vehicle to advance food policy. To explore this strategy, Mayoral elections in two cities, New York City (NYC) and London, during two recent cycles were compared.\nTo gather evidence multiple sources were used including campaign documents, media and opinion polls as well as the authors' own observations as food policy observers and participants in the two cities.\nMayoral governance differs between NYC and London, with the Mayor in NYC having greater powers of management and administration, whilst the London Mayor has a more strategic role and may need to also use ‘influence’.\nFood policy and related issues did not feature strongly in the first election cycles in either city. However by the 2012 and 2013 elections food issues were definitely ‘on the table’ and featured in main candidates' campaign literature.\nThese latter elections also saw the importance of food advocates coming together to form common alliances and place food issues higher on the municipal agenda. In this way, food policy has become part of the election dialogue in both cities and candidates are expected to consider food policy issues. This analysis leads to make observations which could guide advocates as to how to use Mayoral elections to raise policy objectives for the benefit of public health.","y",null,null,"journal article","health",1,1,2,"mayor policies on obesity",7,"policy",1,0,1,"NYC and London",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1224,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1224,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Wright, Melecia, McKelvey, Wendy, Curtis, Christine Johnson, Thorpe, Lorna E., Vesper, Hubert W., Kuiper, Heather C. and Angell, Sonia Y.",2019,"Impact of a Municipal Policy Restricting Trans Fatty Acid Use in New York City Restaurants on Serum Trans Fatty Acid Levels in Adults","Objectives. To estimate the impact of the 2006 policy restricting use of trans fatty acids (TFAs) in New York City restaurants on change in serum TFA concentrations in New York City adults. Methods. Two cross-sectional population-based New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted in 2004 (n = 212) and 2013–2014 (n = 247) provided estimates of serum TFA exposure and average frequency of weekly restaurant meals. We estimated the geometric mean of the sum of serum TFAs by year and restaurant meal frequency by using linear regression. Results. Among those who ate less than 1 restaurant meal per week, geometric mean of the sum of serum TFAs declined 51.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 42.7, 58.3)—from 44.6 (95% CI = 39.7, 50.1) to 21.8 (95% CI = 19.3, 24.5) micromoles per liter. The decline in the geometric mean was greater (P for interaction =.04) among those who ate 4 or more restaurant meals per week: 61.6% (95% CI = 55.8, 66.7) or from 54.6 (95% CI = 49.3, 60.5) to 21.0 (95% CI = 18.9, 23.3) micromoles per liter. Conclusions. New York City adult serum TFA concentrations declined between 2004 and 2014. The indication of greater decline in serum TFAs among those eating restaurant meals more frequently suggests that the municipal restriction on TFA use was effective in reducing TFA exposure. Public Health Implications. Local policies focused on restaurants can promote nutritional improvements.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","trans fat",1,28,2,null,2,"policy",1,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1225,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1225,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Wood, L., Wood, N. J. R., Vallesi, S., Stafford, A., Davies, A. and Cumming, C.",2019,"Hospital collaboration with a Housing First program to improve health outcomes for people experiencing homelessness","Purpose: Homelessness is a colossal issue, precipitated by a wide array of social determinants, and mirrored in substantial health disparities and a revolving hospital door. Connecting people to safe and secure housing needs to be part of the health system response. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach: This mixed-methods paper presents emerging findings from the collaboration between an inner city hospital, a specialist homeless medicine GP service and Western Australia’s inaugural Housing First collective impact project (50 Lives 50 Homes) in Perth. This paper draws on data from hospitals, homelessness community services and general practice. Findings: This collaboration has facilitated hospital identification and referral of vulnerable rough sleepers to the Housing First project, and connected those housed to a GP and after hours nursing support. For a cohort (n=44) housed now for at least 12 months, significant reductions in hospital use and associated costs were observed. Research limitations/implications: While the observed reductions in hospital use in the year following housing are based on a small cohort, this data and the case studies presented demonstrate the power of care coordinated across hospital and community in this complex cohort. Practical implications: This model of collaboration between a hospital and a Housing First project can not only improve discharge outcomes and re-admission in the shorter term, but can also contribute to ending homelessness which is itself, a social determinant of poor health. Originality/value: Coordinated care between hospitals and programmes to house people who are homeless can significantly reduce hospital use and healthcare costs, and provides hospitals with the opportunity to contribute to more systemic solutions to ending homelessness. © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","homeless health",1,0,2,"homes for homeless",2,"collbaration",2,0,0,"Perth",240,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1226,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Perth"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1226,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"australia"},"australiaPerth",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1226,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1226,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},1]
["Wensel, C. R., Trude, A. C. B., Poirier, L., Alghamdi, R., Trujillo, A., Steeves, E. A., Paige, D. and Gittelsohn, J.",2019,"B'more healthy corner stores for moms and kids: Identifying optimal behavioral economic strategies to increase WIC redemptions in small Urban corner stores","Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) redemption rates have been declining in many low-income urban settings, potentially related to aspects of the food environment. B'more Healthy Corner Stores for Moms and Kids was a feasibility trial in Baltimore City that aimed to test multiple behavioral economic (BE) strategies in 10 corner stores (intervention = eight stores, comparison = two stores), to evaluate their influence on the stocking and redemptions of WIC foods. Tested strategies included in-person storeowner training, point of purchase promotion, product placement, and grouping of products in a display. All four strategies were feasible and implemented with high reach, dose delivered, and fidelity. Additionally, text messaging was found to be an acceptable form of intervention reinforcement for storeowners. Analyses to assess change in stocking of WIC foods, total sales of WIC foods, and sales of WIC foods to WIC clients, revealed consistent positive changes after implementation of the store owner training strategy, while changes after the implementation of other strategies were mixed. Furthermore, WIC food sales to WIC clients significantly increased after the simultaneous implementation of two strategies, compared to one (p > 0.05). Results suggest that store owner training was the most influential strategy and that the implementation of more BE strategies does not necessarily lead to proportional increases in stocking and sales. Selected BE strategies appear to be an effective way of increasing stocking and sales of WIC foods in small urban food stores. Copyright © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"increase healthy food",2,"policy",1,0,0,"baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1227,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1227,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1227,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":54},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1227,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Wennerstrom, A., Silver, J., Pollock, M. and Gustat, J.",2019,"Training Community Residents to Address Social Determinants of Health in Underresourced Communities","Disparities in chronic disease and life expectancy remain a significant public health problem and are largely attributable to social determinants of health. Community health workers (CHWs) promote health equity through individual- and community-level activities, and leadership and advocacy skills training make CHWs more likely to catalyze structural change. CHWs are increasingly being integrated into clinical practices to support care management, creating a need for new grassroots community-level advocates. We adapted for community residents an existing CHW training curriculum focused on social determinants of health and effecting community change. We offered 36 hours of training at community-based locations in New Orleans, Louisiana. We assessed baseline civic and community participation and pre- and postknowledge for each lesson. Among 43 enrollees, 42 completed the program. The majority were Black (92.7%), female (92.7%), and retired or unemployed (77.5%), with a median age of 61.5 years. In the past year, 85% of participants had volunteered, 57.1% had been involved with a community organization, and 32.4% had contacted the city council. Participants demonstrated statistically significant increases in knowledge in 5 of 6 lessons. Our success in increasing knowledge of advocacy among a civically engaged group suggests that trainees may become community leaders in addressing social determinants of health. © 2019 Society for Public Health Education.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","socail determinents",1,51,2,"mmunity health worker volunteers",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"new orleans",145,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1228,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New Orleans"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1228,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew Orleans",1,1,1]
["Wang, S., Chen, W. and Du, Y.",2019,"Improving the curriculum for a community nursing training program in Guangzhou City, China","In China, community nurses do not have systematic training, and the nursing education curriculum focuses on clinical nursing both in vocational school and high school. Most nurses work at a hospital, and almost all community nurses lack systematic knowledge about community nursing. A training program for community nurses in Guangzhou City has been conducted since 2003. The training curriculum has evolved over the years, but is not standardized. This article describes research on improving community nurses’ basic knowledge and practice skills. We modified the curriculum with a questionnaire and a modified Delphi method. First, 318 participating nurses and instructors were queried in December 2012. Then 22 experts modified the training program based on the results of the questionnaire and implementation since 2013. After 4 years, we followed up with the new participating nurses to evaluate the curriculum. © 2018 The Authors. Public Health Nursing Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","quality of healthcare",2,38,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1229,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$F$216,4,FALSE)","v":2},"training",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Guangzhou china",85,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1229,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Guangzhou"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1229,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaGuangzhou",5,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1229,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Vijayaraghavan, M. and Apollonio, D. E.",2019,"Engaging Adults Experiencing Homelessness in Smoking Cessation Through Large-Scale Community Service Events","Cigarette smoking contributes substantially to the increased financial- and health-related burdens among adults experiencing homelessness. We describe findings from a case study of a model to increase access to cessation services among adults experiencing homelessness. In partnership with Project Homeless Connect (PHC), we piloted a unique service delivery model that involved providing brief cessation counseling and pharmacotherapy to smokers from this population attending large-scale service events in San Francisco, with the goal of connecting them to long-term smoking cessation care. We participated in three service events between October 2017 and March 2018. We offered brief smoking cessation counseling to 45 individuals, and smoking cessation counseling and pharmacotherapy to 7 individuals experiencing homelessness. This model could improve public health if expanded to other cities, particularly the 200 other cities in the United States offering PHC service events. © 2019 Society for Public Health Education.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"very brief advice",1,"partnership",2,0,0,"san fran",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1230,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1230,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,1,0]
["Tekliuk, R. V., Serheta, I. V. and Serebrennikova, O. A.",2019,"Health-related behaviour in adolescents who have received basic instruction in health promotion","OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Both positive and risky health behaviours among adolescents are of paramount importance as they often pathway further lifestyles and determine future health outcomes. The paper focuses on the trends of health promotion activities and health risks among adolescents who have been instructed on these topics at secondary schools. The aim: to detect trends in pro-active health behaviour and risk taking activities of Ukrainian adolescents in the last 14 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material(s) and Method(s): males and females, aged 15-17, who studied in secondary schools of the urban area of Vinnytsia city, Ukraine, in the years 2003, 2013, 2017, anonymously filled in the 118-item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Cochran Q test, Spearman correlation analysis, Kendall's tau coefficient were used to analyze the data. RESULT(S): Results: Overall, the data about health related issues obtained in the year 2003 vary significantly from the years 2013 and 2017, which indicates some beneficial influence that has taken place since 2003. Much fewer differences were spotted between the years 2013 and 2017. Health related behaviours in females showed less significant dynamics and some changes indicate regression, while males reported multiple improved results. Meanwhile actual numbers of males who opted for risky behaviours were higher than those of females. Significant relationships were found between some socio-economic factors, positive health behaviours (sufficient sleep, physical activity, daily regime, and life satisfaction) and proactive health choices. CONCLUSION(S): Conclusion(s): The available data suggests that there was a beneficial health-related influence on the schoolchildren over the years 2003-2017. Our findings also support the view that certain assets may protect the youth from risk-taking behaviours.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health  ",1,0,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Vinnytsia city, Ukraine",241,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1231,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Vinnytsya"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1231,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"ukraine"},"ukraineVinnytsya",79,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1231,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},1]
["Tachibana, Yoshiyuki, Koizumi, Noriaki, Akanuma, Chikako, Hoshina, Tomomi, Suzuki, Ayuko, Asano, Akiko, Sekino, Shiho, Tarui, Hiromi, Ishii, Eizaburo and Ito, Hiroto",2019,"Integrated mental health care in a multidisciplinary maternal and child health service in the community: the findings from the Suzaka trial","Background: Perinatal mental health problems such as mood disorders are common. We propose a new multidisciplinary health service intervention program providing continuous support to women and their children from the start of pregnancy till after childbirth. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the program with respect to making women's mental health better in the postpartum period and improving the state of care for women and their children in the perinatal period.Methods: We performed a controlled study to investigate the effectiveness of the program in Suzaka City, Japan. The women's mental health status was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) 3 months postpartum. Of 349 women, 210 were allocated to the intervention group and 139 to the control group. From April 2014 to March 2015, the number of the pregnant women who were followed-up by the multidisciplinary meeting in the intervention and control groups were 60 and 4, respectively. In the same period, the number of the pregnant women who were identified as requiring intensive care were 21 and 2, respectively.Results: The total EPDS score, which was the primary outcome of the present study, differed significantly between the intervention and control groups (Mean [SD] = 2.74 (2.89) and 4.58 [2.62], respectively; p < 0.001). The number of the women receiving counseling from a public health nurse (5.3% in intervention group, 0.7% in control group, p = 0.02), attending maternal seminars (attendant ratio: 46% whereas 16%, p = 0.01), and receiving home visits by public health nurses (home visit ratio: 93.8% whereas 82.6%, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group.Conclusions: The present study indicates that continuum support provided by integrated mental health care through a multidisciplinary maternal and child health service in the community can make women's mental health better in the postpartum period and help women and their children receive more health services from public health nurses.Trial Registration: Name of registry: Research for the effectiveness of a multi-professional health service intervention program of continuum supports for mother and child which starts for pregnancy periods to enhance maternal mental health. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry number: UMIN000032424 . Registration date: April 29th, 2018. Registration timing: retrospective.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","mental health",2,25,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1232,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$F$216,4,FALSE)","v":2},"integrted service",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Suzaka City, Japan",242,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1232,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Suzaka"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1232,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"japan"},"japanSuzaka",35,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1232,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Riemann, M.",2019,"Problematizing the medicalization of violence: a critical discourse analysis of the 'Cure Violence' initiative","Violence has in recent years been framed as a public health problem. The medicalization of violence has involved various public health initiatives, with the USA based violence prevention initiative Cure Violence (CV), being one of the most prominent. CV, which operates in 23 US cities and multiple countries abroad, was launched in 2000 by former WHO epidemiologist Gary Slutkin with the aim to reduce violence. Its public health approach maintains that violence is an actual disease, which can be controlled and contained via epidemiological methods and strategies applied in disease control. This study used discourse analysis to explore how CV's medicalization of violence is tied to a neoliberal rationality of governing that disentangles violence from structural factors and explains violence solely by reference to individual pathology. In doing so, CV produces new identities based on assumptions concerning biological infection or immunity resistance, which, as its visual language shows, are grounded in race. Through a politics of exclusion, CV turns these 'at risk' identities into appropriate targets for health intervention, with the aim of encouraging these to act upon themselves to improve or restore their productive capacities in order to achieve the idealized form of healthy citizenship that CV propagates. Copyright © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","volence",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"23 USA cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1233,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1233,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Nair, Rekha",2019,"Improving physical activity among Hispanic women by identifying barriers","Rationale/Background: Obesity is a growing concern for the current healthcare system. The current project explored how a culturally sensitive education would enable overweight and obese Hispanic women to identify the barriers to physical activity (PA) better and increase their time spent on PA. Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to identify the barriers to physical activity among overweight and obese Hispanic women aged 25-55 years, in the clinical setting of a large city in Texas, and to investigate if a culturally sensitive education would improve the time spent on PA for the same group. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical foundations of Leininger's culture care theory and health belief model were used to process the behavior change. Project Method and Design: The project used quantitative methodology with descriptive design. The design helped in identifying the barriers and time spent on PA. Data Results: Sample included a convenient sample of 34 Hispanic women with body mass index (BMI) >25, aged 25-55 years who were selected from a large city in Texas. Data analysis was done using paired sample t-test. The characteristics of barriers showed a significant change in each pair (p<0.001). The pair of time spent on PA in minutes per week showed a mean standard deviation of 30.605 and significant improvement (p<0.001). Implications: The project helped in improving the lifestyle of the Hispanic population in the practice. Future research with larger sample size and longer time period will help in getting more specific results to improve health of the community. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"city in texas",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1234,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1234,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Minkler, M., Estrada, J., Dyer, S., Hennessey-Lavery, S., Wakimoto, P. and Falbe, J.",2019,"Healthy Retail as a Strategy for Improving Food Security and the Built Environment in San Francisco","In low-income neighborhoods without supermarkets, lack of healthy food access often is exacerbated by the saturation of small corner stores with tobacco and unhealthy foods and beverages. We describe a municipal healthy retail program in San Francisco, California, focusing on the role of a local coalition in program implementation and outcomes in the city's low income Tenderloin neighborhood. By incentivizing selected corner stores to become healthy retailers, and through community engagement and cross-sector partnerships, the program is seeing promising outcomes, including a \"ripple effect\" of improvement across nonparticipating neighborhood stores.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"increase healthy food options",2,"collaborartion",2,0,0,"san francisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1235,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1235,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,1,0]
["Lee, Matthew M., Falbe, Jennifer, Schillinger, Dean, Basu, Sanjay, McCulloch, Charles E. and Madsen, Kristine A.",2019,"Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption 3 Years After the Berkeley, California, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax","Objectives. To estimate changes in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and water consumption 3 years after an SSB tax in Berkeley, California, relative to unexposed comparison neighborhoods. Methods. Data came from repeated annual cross-sectional beverage frequency questionnaires from 2014 to 2017 in demographically diverse Berkeley (n = 1513) and comparison (San Francisco and Oakland; n = 3712) neighborhoods. Pretax consumption (2014) was compared with a weighted average of 3 years of posttax consumption. Results. At baseline, SSBs were consumed 1.25 times per day (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 1.50) in Berkeley and 1.27 times per day (95% CI = 1.13, 1.42) in comparison city neighborhoods. When we adjusted for covariates, consumption in Berkeley declined by 0.55 times per day (95% CI = −0.75, −0.35) for SSBs and increased by 1.02 times per day (95% CI = 0.54, 1.50) for water. Changes in consumption in Berkeley were significantly different from those in the comparison group, which saw no significant changes. Conclusions. Reductions in SSB consumption were sustained in demographically diverse Berkeley neighborhoods over the first 3 years of an SSB tax, relative to comparison cities. These persistent, longer-term reductions in SSB consumption suggest that SSB taxes are an effective policy option for jurisdictions focused on improving public health.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"sugar tax",2,"tax",6,0,0,"berkley",243,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1236,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"berkley"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1236,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAberkley",1,1,1]
["Lee, M., Park, S. and Yoon, K.",2019,"Does health promotion program affect local resident' emotions?","Healthy cities continuously attempt to improve residents' health. Health is affected by psychological factors, such as happiness and emotions. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of healthy city program performance on individuals' emotions, as well as the correlation between healthy city program performance and emotions using personal happiness index as a parameter. We conducted a questionnaire survey of residents in areas implementing healthy city projects. A total of 596 responses were obtained. We used structural equations to analyze the relationship of structural influences. Results showed that healthy city program performance had significant static effects on emotion. This observation shows that healthy city programs decrease local residents' negative emotions, such as stress and depression. Therefore, healthy city programs stabilize residents' emotions by increasing health friendliness. To improve the performance of healthy city programs, it is necessary to mitigate health risk factors and positively affect individuals' emotions. Copyright © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1237,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1237,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Lee, K. K., Loh, L., Adamic, J., Perry, A., Sacks, R., Lam, K., Tong, S. and Wolf, S.",2019,"Lessons learned from the development and implementation of a citywide stair prompt initiative","Stair climbing is a readily available form of vigorous-intensity physical activity. Evidence indicates that placing stair prompt signs at points-of-decision (e.g. near elevators and stairways) is an inexpensive, effective strategy for increasing physical activity through stair use. This article aims to share the experience of the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYC DOHMH) in the outreach and implementation of a population-scale stair prompt initiative, including lessons learned from process evaluations, with other public health authorities conducting a similar program. Between May 2008 and August 2012, NYC DOHMH implemented a stair prompt initiative as one strategy in a comprehensive program to increase physical activity and healthy eating through physical improvements to NYC's buildings, streets and neighborhoods, particularly targeting facilities in underserved and low-income neighborhoods. Program evaluation was conducted using program planning documents to examine the process, and data from NYC information line call center, outreach tracking database, and site and phone audits to examine process outcomes. The initiative successfully distributed more than 30,000 stair prompts to building owners/managers of over 1000 buildings. Keys to success included multi-sector partnerships between NYC's Health Department and non-health government agencies and organizations (such as architecture and real estate organizations), a designated outreach coordinator, and outreach strategies targeting building owners/managers owning/managing multiple buildings and buildings serving underserved and at risk populations. A NYC citywide initiative successfully distributed stair prompts to the wider community to promote population-level health impacts; lessons learned may assist other jurisdictions considering similar initiatives to increase physical activity. Copyright © 2018","y",null,null,"Journal Article","physcial in ativity",1,29,2,"signs to use the stairs",2,"dohmh",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1238,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1238,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Lai, Y. and Kontokosta, C. E.",2019,"The impact of urban street tree species on air quality and respiratory illness: A spatial analysis of large-scale, high-resolution urban data","Urban trees play a key role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, cleaning air, promoting physical activity, and improving mental health. However, it is still largely unknown how the density and species of urban street trees may impact local public health. This study demonstrates how open data mining and large-scale spatial data integration can contribute to deeper insights into the effects of urban forestry. We analyze the impact of the spatial distribution of street trees by species in New York City by combining crowd-sourced tree census data - which includes geolocation, species, size, and condition for each of 652,169 street trees - with pollen activity, allergen severity, land use, housing conditions, and neighborhood demographic data. We further integrate neighborhood asthma hospitalization and emergency department visit rates and air quality data (PM2.5) to investigate how street trees impact local air quality and the prevalence of acute respiratory illness. Using a geographically weighted regression model, the results indicate that although a greater concentration of trees contributes to better local air quality, species with severe allergenicity can increase local asthma hospitalization rates in vulnerable populations, controlling for other covariates. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"trees",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1239,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1239,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Koch, P. A., Contento, I. R., Gray, H. L., Burgermaster, M., Bandelli, L., Abrams, E. and Di Noia, J.",2019,"Food, Health, & Choices: Curriculum and Wellness Interventions to Decrease Childhood Obesity in Fifth-Graders","Objective: To evaluate Food, Health, & Choices, two 10-month interventions. Design: Cluster-randomized, controlled study with 4 groups: curriculum, wellness, curriculum plus wellness, and control. Setting: Twenty elementary schools (5/group) in New York City. Participants: Fifth-grade students (n = 1,159). At baseline, 44.6% were at the ≥85th body mass index (BMI) percentile for age and 86% qualified for free or reduced-price lunch. Intervention: Curriculum was 23 science lessons based on social cognitive and self-determination theories, replacing 2 mandated units. Wellness was classroom food policy and physical activity bouts of Dance Breaks. Main Outcome Measures: For obesity, age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles were used (anthropometric measures). The researchers also employed 6 energy balance-related behaviors and 8 theory-based determinants of behavior change (by questionnaire). Analysis: Pairwise adjusted odds in hierarchical logistic regression models were determined for >85th BMI percentile. Behaviors and theory-based determinants were examined in a 2-level hierarchical linear model with a 2 × 2 design for intervention effects and interactions. Results: Obesity showed no change. For behaviors, there was a negative curriculum intervention change in physical activity (P =.04). The wellness intervention resulted in positive changes for sweetened beverages frequency (P =.05) and size (P =.006); processed packaged snacks size (P =.01); candy frequency (P =.04); baked good frequency (P =.05); and fast food frequency (P =.003), size (P =.01), and combo meals (P =.002). Theory-based determinants demonstrated no change. Conclusions and Implications: The findings of the lack of a decrease in obesity, behavior changes only for the wellness intervention, and no changes in theory-based determinants warrant further research. © 2019 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior","y",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"education and physcial exercise",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1240,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1240,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,3]
["Kestens, Y., Winters, M., Fuller, D., Bell, S., Berscheid, J., Brondeel, R., Cantinotti, M., Datta, G., Gauvin, L., Gough, M., Laberee, K., Lewis, P., Lord, S., Luan, H. H., McKay, H., Morency, C., Muhajarine, N., Nelson, T., Ottoni, C., Stephens, Z. P., Pugh, C., Rancourt, G., Shareck, M., Sims-Gould, J., Sones, M., Stanley, K., Thierry, B., Thigpen, C. and Wasfi, R.",2019,"INTERACT: A comprehensive approach to assess urban form interventions through natural experiments","BACKGROUND: Urban form interventions can result in positive and negative impacts on physical activity, social participation, and well-being, and inequities in these outcomes. Natural experiment studies can advance our understanding of causal effects and processes related to urban form interventions. The INTErventions, Research, and Action in Cities Team (INTERACT) is a pan-Canadian collaboration of interdisciplinary scientists, urban planners, and public health decision makers advancing research on the design of healthy and sustainable cities for all. Our objectives are to use natural experiment studies to deliver timely evidence about how urban form interventions influence health, and to develop methods and tools to facilitate such studies going forward. METHOD(S): INTERACT will evaluate natural experiments in four Canadian cities: the Arbutus Greenway in Vancouver, British Columbia; the All Ages and Abilities Cycling Network in Victoria, BC; a new Bus Rapid Transit system in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; and components of the Sustainable Development Plan 2016-2020 in Montreal, Quebec, a plan that includes urban form changes initiated by the city and approximately 230 partnering organizations. We will recruit a cohort of between 300 and 3000 adult participants, age 18 or older, in each city and collect data at three time points. Participants will complete health and activity space surveys and provide sensor-based location and physical activity data. We will conduct qualitative interviews with a subsample of participants in each city. Our analysis methods will combine machine learning methods for detecting transportation mode use and physical activity, use temporal Geographic Information Systems to quantify changes to urban intervention exposure, and apply analytic methods for natural experiment studies including interrupted time series analysis. DISCUSSION: INTERACT aims to advance the evidence base on population health intervention research and address challenges related to big data, knowledge mobilization and engagement, ethics, and causality. We will collect ~100TB of sensor data from participants over 5years. We will address these challenges using interdisciplinary partnerships, training of highly qualified personnel, and modern methodologies for using sensor-based data.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"changes to environmnet",2,"policy",1,0,0,"4 candadian cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1241,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1241,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",2,1,0]
["Keene, C. M., Aluvaala, J., Murphy, G. A. V., Abuya, N., Gathara, D. and English, M.",2019,"Developing recommendations for neonatal inpatient care service categories: Reflections from the research, policy and practice interface in Kenya","Neonatal deaths contribute a growing proportion to childhood mortality, and increasing access to inpatient newborn care has been identified as a potential driver of improvements in child health. However, previous work by this research team identified substantial gaps in the coverage and standardisation of inpatient newborn care in Nairobi City County, Kenya. To address the issue in this particular setting, we sought to draft recommendations on the categorisation of neonatal inpatient services through a process of policy review, evidence collation and examination of guidance in other countries. This work supported discussions by a panel of local experts representing a diverse set of stakeholders, who focused on formulating pragmatic, context-relevant guidance. Experts in the discussions rapidly agreed on overarching priorities guiding their decision-making, and that three categories of inpatient neonatal care (standard, intermediate and intensive care) were appropriate. Through a modified nominal group technique, they achieved consensus on allocating 36 of the 38 proposed services to these categories and made linked recommendations on minimum healthcare worker requirements (skill mix and staff numbers). This process was embedded in the local context where the need had been identified, and required only modest resources to produce recommendations on the categorisation of newborn inpatient care that the experts agreed could be relevant in other Kenyan settings. Recommendations prioritised the strengthening of existing facilities linked to a need to develop effective referral systems. In particular, expansion of access to the standard category of inpatient neonatal care was recommended. The process and the agreed categorisations could inform discussion in other low-resource settings seeking to address unmet needs for inpatient neonatal care. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","quality of hospital",2,39,2,"networks of care",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Nairobi City ",244,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1242,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nairobi"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1242,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"kenya"},"kenyaNairobi",62,6,0]
["John, R., Finnell, K. J., Scott-Kaliki, M. S. and DeBerry, S. M.",2019,"A Case Study of Two Successful Social Marketing Interventions to Promote 1% Low-Fat Milk Consumption","This article presents a case study of two effective interventions promoting 1% low-fat milk consumption. Developed after extensive formative research and use of the 4Ps marketing mix, the first intervention in 2012, 1% Low-Fat Milk Has Perks!, was a multilevel intervention implemented in the Oklahoma City media market (OKCMM), which covers most of the western portion of the state of Oklahoma. The program evaluation was based on a quasi-experimental comparison-group design that compared milk sales in the OKCMM with the Tulsa media market (TMM) supplemented by a pre- and post-intervention telephone survey of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients. The program evaluation revealed that 1% milk sales significantly increased 15% from before to after the intervention ended in the OKCMM compared to a smaller increase in the TMM. In 2014, the second intervention, Choose 1% Milk: A Healthy Family Choice, was implemented statewide using three experimental conditions. The intervention resulted in a 42.9% statewide increase in 1% milk sales from before to after the intervention ended. In this article, we describe the use of the marketing mix in the planning, implementation, and summative evaluation of both interventions, including strategic decisions that provide insight into efforts to influence behavior at the population level. © The Author(s) 2019.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"media campagain",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Oklahoma City",156,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1243,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Oklahoma"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1243,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaOklahoma",1,1,1]
["Gourevitch, Marc N., Athens, Jessica K., Levine, Shoshanna E., Kleiman, Neil and Thorpe, Lorna E.",2019,"City-Level Measures of Health, Health Determinants, and Equity to Foster Population Health Improvement: The City Health Dashboard","Objectives. To support efforts to improve urban population health, we created a City Health Dashboard with area-specific data on health status, determinants of health, and equity at city and subcity (census tract) levels. Methods. We developed a Web-based resource that includes 37 metrics across 5 domains: social and economic factors, physical environment, health behaviors, health outcomes, and clinical care. For the largest 500 US cities, the Dashboard presents metrics calculated to the city level and, where possible, subcity level from multiple data sources, including national health surveys, vital statistics, federal administrative data, and state education data sets. Results. Iterative input from city partners shaped Dashboard development, ensuring that measures can be compared across user-selected cities and linked to evidence-based policies to spur action. Reports from early deployment indicate that the Dashboard fills an important need for city- and subcity-level data, fostering more granular understanding of health and its drivers and supporting associated priority-setting. Conclusions. By providing accessible city-level data on health and its determinants, the City Health Dashboard complements local surveillance efforts and supports urban population health improvement on a national scale.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1244,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$F$216,4,FALSE)","v":2},"dashboard",4,"research",7,0,0,"multiple",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1244,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1244,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Gellert, P., Bethke, N. and Seybold, J.",2019,"School-based educational and on-site vaccination intervention among adolescents: Study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial","Introduction Childhood vaccination programmes have been established in all Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries; however, measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) as well as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio (Tdap-IPV) vaccination rates are not optimal in adolescents. Education in combination with easy access vaccination may be a promising approach to improve vaccination rates. We aim at improving MMR and Tdap-IPV rates in a school setting in the context of a planned cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT), the present paper describes the detailed protocol of this trial. Methods and analysis We will conduct a school-based cRCT, where schools will be randomised to either an educational condition addressing knowledge, risk communication and enhancing self-efficacy regarding vaccination or a low-intensity information condition. In both conditions, a bus equipped with medical staff and materials, will be delivering MMR and Tdap-IPV vaccine directly after the intervention. Schools in the city centre of Berlin, Germany, will be stratified by percentage of migration and type of school. Primary outcome is the number of students who receive vaccination in the bus. Secondary outcomes are knowledge and self-efficacy. An estimated sample size of 355 school classes with approximately 25 students per class is required. The planned analyses will take the nested structure of students, classes and schools into account. Ethics and dissemination The study will be performed according to the principles of Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was obtained by the local ethics committee. Parents of all students will be informed in advance. Their written consent will be obtained, in case students are underage. For dissemination, we will engage with governmental organisations to create potential of our educational unit to be included in future public health prevention schemes. Trial registration number ISRCTN18026662;Pre-results. Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","immunisation",2,42,1,"immunicsation in schools",3,"mobile bus",3,0,0,"Berlin",245,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1245,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Berlin"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1245,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyBerlin",28,3,0]
["García-Martínez, E., Soler-González, J., Rubí-Carnacea, F., García-Martínez, B., Climent-Sanz, C., Blanco-Blanco, J. and Valenzuela-Pascual, F.",2019,"The influence of an educational internet-based intervention in the beliefs and attitudes of primary care professionals on non-specific chronic low back pain: Study protocol of a mixed methods approach","Background: Personal convictions in referral to pain cause misbeliefs in health professionals, which can influence patients who suffer from non-specific chronic low back pain. Likewise, health professionals' beliefs affect their advice and attitudes towards patients' treatment, becoming a possible cause of greater disability. The development of educational interventions based on the best scientific evidence in neurophysiology of pain could be a way to provide information and advice to primary care health professionals to change their cognition towards chronic non-specific low back pain. The use of Information and Communication Technologies allows the development of web sites, which might be one of the effective resources to modify misbeliefs and attitudes, in relation to the origin and meaning of non-specific chronic low back pain, of primary care professionals and that may modify their attitudes in patients' treatment. Methods: The aim of this project is to identify misbeliefs and attitudes of primary care physicians and nurses about chronic non-specific low back pain to develop a web-based educational tool using different educational formats and gamification techniques. This study has a mixed-method sequential exploratory design. The participants are medical and nursing staff working in primary care centers in the city of Lleida, Spain. For the qualitative phase of this study, the authors will use personal semi-structured interviews. For the quantitative phase the authors will use an experimental study design. Subjects will be randomly allocated using a simple random sample technique. The intervention group will have access to the web site where they will find information related to non-specific chronic low back pain, based on the information obtained in the qualitative phase. The control group will have access to a video explaining the clinical practice guidelines on low back pain. Discussion: This study has been designed to explore and modify the beliefs and attitudes about chronic low back pain of physicians and nurses working in primary care settings, using a web-based educational tool with different educational formats and gamification techniques. The aim of the educational intervention is to change their knowledge about the origin and meaning of pain, with the result of reducing their misbeliefs and attitudes of fear avoidance. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02962817. Date of registration: 11/09/2016. © 2019 The Author(s).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","quality of primary care",2,38,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1246,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$F$216,4,FALSE)","v":2},"education for primary care",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Lleida, Spain",246,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1246,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Lleida"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1246,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainLleida",4,3,0]
["Gaikwad, A. and Shinde, K.",2019,"Use of parks by older persons and perceived health benefits: A developing country context","This paper seeks to contribute to the growing literature on how neighborhood amenities such as parks relate with active ageing. It draws attention to this relationship in the context of developing country - India where with changing demographics, population ageing is emerging as a major challenge. It builds on empirical evidences from a neighborhood park in the city of Pune - a metropolis of 3.5 million people in western India. Employing a mixed research approach, the paper explains how a neighborhood park plays a significant role in promoting healthy living among older persons by offering various perceived health benefits. Although various physical characteristics of park encourage physical activities, it is found that social connections such as groups formed in the park encourage regular participation in physical activities and thereby provide psychological health benefits and social support for older users. The paper argues for considering the important role of parks in fostering social participation critical for active ageing while designing cities that are friendly and supportive to ageing populations. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","parks to improve health",1,0,2,"parks to imporve heatlh",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Pune (india)",247,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1247,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Pune"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1247,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"india"},"indiaPune",32,4,0]
["Evans, C., Suggs, L. S., Turner, K., Occa, A., Juma, A. and Blake, H.",2019,"Mobile phone messaging to promote uptake of HIV testing among migrant African communities in the UK","Background: In the UK, African communities are a focus of public health efforts to increase uptake of HIV testing. Mobile phone interventions may be an innovative way of reaching migrant groups who are known to face multiple obstacles in accessing mainstream health services. This paper presents findings from a feasibility study that used participatory approaches to investigate the use of a text messaging intervention to encourage HIV testing among migrant African communities. Method(s): Participants were recruited in the city of Nottingham by a team of community researchers. They were sent two text messages per week (one on HIV and one on general health) for 12 weeks. Baseline and follow-up questionnaires were completed to measure HIV testing behaviour, HIV-related knowledge and attitudes and general health. Participants' views on the intervention were solicited. Result(s): One hundred and sixty-nine participants were enrolled in the study. Follow-up data on HIV testing were obtained for 76 participants (45%) and complete follow-up measures were available from 60 participants (36%). Eight reported seeking an HIV test during the study period. There were statistically significant positive changes in attitudes about HIV and a trend towards increased knowledge about HIV. One-third of participants reported improvements in physical activity levels, diet and stress management following the intervention. The intervention messages and structure were positively evaluated. Conclusion(s): Well-designed mobile phone messaging proved to be a feasible and acceptable intervention to promote both HIV testing and lifestyle behaviours among African migrant communities in the UK. When co-constructed with communities, they hold considerable promise for overcoming some of the health-related barriers faced by migrant populations in new countries. Future research and service development should focus on exploiting and evaluating this potential in relation to other key health priorities. Copyright © The Author(s) 2018.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,"text messaging",4,"city health dept",5,0,0,"nottingham",148,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1248,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nottingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1248,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandNottingham",3,3,1]
["Damian, April Joy, Mendelson, Tamar, Bowie, Janice and Gallo, Joseph J.",2019,"A mixed methods exploratory assessment of the usefulness of Baltimore City Health Department's trauma-informed care training intervention","Youth exposure to trauma is a significant public health problem in the United States, particularly in urban areas. Although trauma-informed care (TIC) training of service providers to address this challenge is increasing nationwide, we lack empirical evidence regarding the feasibility and acceptability of cross-organizational TIC training, including perspectives of training participants. The purpose of our study was to evaluate participating service providers' self-reported changes in knowledge about trauma, attitudes toward traumatized individuals, and beliefs in their capacity to provide referrals to trauma services after completion of the TIC intervention. Intervention participants represented a range of service sectors, including government health and education agencies, social services, law enforcement, as well as nonprofits. Participants completed a pre-post quantitative survey assessing TIC-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (N = 88). A subset of participants was interviewed using a semistructured interview format (n = 16). Mixed methods were used to evaluate the intervention's impact on participants' knowledge about trauma and to understand participants' experience in the training. Quantitative results revealed significant improvements in TIC-related knowledge and attitudes. Five themes emerged from qualitative analysis of interviews: the intervention provided a framework for understanding TIC; useful lessons were learned from other participants; there was a need for outreach to upper-level management; real-life applicability was lacking; and guidance regarding next steps was wanting. Study findings suggest the training may be a starting point for enhancing service providers' capacity to address traumatized youth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Policy Relevance Statement-Youth exposure to trauma is a highly prevalent public health issue in the United States, particularly in urban communities. This study suggests policies that support trauma-informed care training may help service providers from different sectors-potentially including law enforcement, health, education, and nonprofits-develop greater understanding of the signs and impact of trauma and capacity to link the youth they serve with trauma services. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","trauma",2,39,2,"training",1,"city health dept",5,0,0,"baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1249,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1249,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Dai, H. X., An, J. Y., Li, L., Huang, C., Yan, R. S., Zhu, S. H., Ma, Y. G., Song, W. M. and Kan, H. D.",2019,"Health Benefit Analyses of the Clean Air Action Plan Implementation in Shanghai. [Chinese]","To understand the public health benefits of the Clean Air Action Plan implemented in Shanghai from 2013-2017, the changes of the PM2.5 exposure levels and related health and economic benefits were quantitatively evaluated by using air quality numerical modeling, health risk assessment, and environmental valuation methods. The results show that the proportion of the population exposed to a mean annual PM2.5 concentration lower than or equal to 35 mug.m-3 has increased from 1.62% in the base year to 34.06% in the control year. The death risk attributable to ambient PM2.5 exposure decreased from 15.2% in the base year to 11.9% in the control year. The total health benefits are approximately 11.841 billion RMB(95% CI:5.024-17.819 billion RMB), accounting for 0.55%(95% CI:0.23%-0.82%)of Shanghai's GDP in 2013. The implementation of the action plan has a positive effect on the protection of the health of the population. Health benefits in areas with dense populations and high PM2.5 declines are more pronounced within the outer ring line of Shanghai City.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"shanghai",200,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1250,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shanghai"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1250,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaShanghai",5,4,1]
["Bittencourt, L. and Scarinci, I. C.",2019,"Training Community Health Workers to promote breast cancer screening in Brazil","Although it has been show that early detection through mammograms is the most effective way to reduce breast cancer mortality, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide with survival rates being even lower in low- and middle-income countries as compared to high-income countries. Despite the availability of breast cancer screening programs in Brazil through the public health system, some women do not participate in these programs due to structural and/or inter/intrapersonal barriers. The Community Health Worker (CHW) model is a promising approach to reach these women who have not been reached through other efforts. This paper describes a participatory approach for capacity building of CHWs to promote breast cancer screening among low-income women 50 years of age and older in a southern city in Brazil as a combined effort between two academic institutions, the municipal health care system, and a local non-profit organization. The capacity building program consisted of an 8-hour training focusing on knowledge (e.g., breast cancer and screening) and skills (e.g., communication skills, basic principles of behavior change) to promote breast cancer screening among community members. Pre- and post-test questionnaires assessed changes in breast cancer knowledge and self-perceived knowledge and confidence (N=44). There was a significant increase in objective knowledge regarding breast cancer overall, risk factors, and behavior change strategies between pre- and post-test. There was also a significant increase in self-perceived knowledge and confidence, items related to knowledge about breast cancer, breast cancer early detection methods, and the ability to solve problems between pre- and post-test as well as a significant increase in their confidence to motivate women to get a mammogram. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of welldeveloped capacity building programs to promote breast cancer screening among health care professionals, especially those with limited educational attainment, such as CHWs.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","breast cancer",2,12,2,"trainign community health workers",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1251,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1251,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,2,1]
["Auriacombe, M., Roux, P., Briand Madrid, L., Kirchherr, S., Kervran, C., Chauvin, C., Gutowski, M., Denis, C., Carrieri, M. P., Lalanne, L., Jauffret-Roustide, M., Cosinus study, group, Bertoia, G., C l rier, I., Danion, J. M., Grelli, N., Hamelin, N., Le Breton, M. and Vilotitch, A.",2019,"Impact of drug consumption rooms on risk practices and access to care in people who inject drugs in France: The COSINUS prospective cohort study protocol","Introduction The high prevalence of hepatitis C and the persistence of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk practices in people who inject drugs (PWID) in France underlines the need for innovative prevention interventions. The main objective of this article is to describe the design of the COSINUS cohort study and outline the issues it will explore to evaluate the impact of drug consumption rooms (DCR) on PWID outcomes. Secondary objectives are to assess how DCR (a) influence other drug-related practices, such as the transition from intravenous to less risky modes of use, (b) reduce drug use frequency/quantity, (c) increase access to treatment for addiction and comorbidities (infectious, psychiatric and other), (d) improve social conditions and (e) reduce levels of violence experienced and drug-related offences. COSINUS will also give us the opportunity to investigate the impact of other harm reduction tools in France and their combined effect with DCR on reducing HIV-HCV risk practices. Furthermore, we will be better able to identify PWID needs. Methods and analysis Enrollment in this prospective multi-site cohort study started in June 2016. Overall, 680 PWID in four different cities (Bordeaux, Marseilles, Paris and Strasbourg) will be enrolled and followed up for 12 months through face-to-face structured interviews administered by trained staff to all eligible participants at baseline (M0), 3 month (M3), 6 month (M6) and 12 month (M12) follow-up visits. These interviews gather data on socio-demographic characteristics, past and current drug and alcohol consumption, drug-use related practices, access to care and social services, experience of violence (as victims), offences, other psychosocial issues and perception and needs about harm reduction interventions and services. Longitudinal data analysis will use a mixed logistic model to assess the impact of individual and structural factors, including DCR attendance and exposure to other harm reduction services, on the main outcome (HIV-HCV risk practices). Ethics and dissemination This study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of the French Institute of Medical Research and Health (opinion number: 14-166). The findings of this cohort study will help to assess the impact of DCR on HIV-HCV risk practices and other psycho-social outcomes and trajectories. Moreover, they will enable health authorities to shape health and harm reduction policies according to PWID needs. Finally, they will also help to improve current harm reduction and therapeutic interventions and to create novel ones. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","injection drug users",2,13,1,"drug consumtion rooms",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"4 cities in france",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1252,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1252,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",27,3,0]
["Ard, K. L., Edelstein, Z. R., Bolduc, P., Daskalakis, D., Gandhi, A. D., Krakower, D. S., Myers, J. E. and Keuroghlian, A. S.",2019,"Public health detailing for human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis","Despite the promise of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), PrEP remains underutilized, often due to clinician factors. Academic or public health detailing is a process by which university and/or government groups employ the marketing practices of pharmaceutical companies to improve clinical practice. We describe the novel application of detailing to increase PrEP prescribing and related care in New York City and New England. Detailing can play a crucial role in PrEP implementation. Copyright © The Author(s) 2018.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,"increase prep",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1253,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1253,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Ali, Mohsin and Williams, Marsha D.",2019,"No-Notice Mystery Patient Drills to Assess Emergency Preparedness for Infectious Diseases at Community Health Centers in New York City, 2015-2016","Mystery patient drills using simulated patients have been used in hospitals to assess emergency preparedness for infectious diseases, but these drills have seldom been reported in primary care settings. We conducted three rounds of mystery patient drills designed to simulate either influenza-like illness (ILI) or measles at 41 community health centers in New York City from April 2015 through December 2016. Among 50 drills conducted, 49 successfully screened the patient-actor (defined as provision of a mask or referral to the medical team given concern of infection requiring potential isolation), with 35 (70%) drills completing screening without any challenges. In 47 drills, the patient was subsequently isolated (defined as placement in a closed room to limit transmission), with 29 (58%) drills completing isolation without any challenges. Patient-actors simulating ILI were more likely to be masked than those simulating measles (93% vs. 59%, p = 0.007). Median time to screening was 2 min (interquartile range [IQR] 2-6 min) and subsequently to isolation was 1 min (IQR 0-2 min). Approximately 95% of participants reported the drill was realistic and prepared them to deal with the hazards addressed. Qualitative analysis revealed recurring themes for strengths (e.g., established protocols, effective communication) and areas for improvement (e.g., hand hygiene, explaining isolation rationale). We conclude that mystery patient drills are an effective and feasible longitudinal collaboration between health departments and primary care clinics to assess and inform emergency preparedness for infectious diseases.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","infectious disweases",2,38,1,"pretend infections",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1254,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1254,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Alharbi, B. H., Pasha, M. J. and Al-Shamsi, M. A. S.",2019,"Metal contamination decrease with new legislation: A decade of metal risk assessment in urban dust","New scientific discoveries for new applications of materials (e.g., metals) lead to extensive industrial use of these materials, which in turn, has significant negative health and environmental impacts. Governments use legislation as a management tool to control the usage of certain materials to lower contamination. This study investigates the level of metal contamination over a period of 12 years to observe the dynamic changes in response to new legislation or industrial improvements. Metals (i.e., Pb, Zn, Co, Cu) associated with urban roadside dust in 21 sites in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were analyzed during the period of 2001-2013. Three main conclusions were drawn from this study: 1) Phasing out leaded gasoline was an effective tool to control Pb contamination. The average Pb concentration in the city was 37 times higher in 2001 compared to that in 2013. Twenty-nine percent of the investigated sites were at a significant health risk in 2001 compared to none in 2013. 2) The new substitutes of Zn oxides and new limitations of the Zn content in the rubber industry were effective at controlling the Zn contamination in the urban environment. The average Zn concentration of the city was 8 times higher in 2001 compared to that in 2013. Eighty-one percent of the investigated sites in 2001 were considered to be very highly contaminated (CF > 6) compared to none in 2013. 3) The lack of legislation regarding the Co-content in fossil fuels was probably the main reason for the enhancement of the Co contamination in the whole city, with an increase in the average Co concentration >3 times in 2013 compared to that in 2001. Likewise, the health risk index was increased by ~3 times from 2001 to 2013. For Cu, the average Cu concentration in 2001 was almost twice that in 2003 and 2013. Legislation has been observe to be an effective management tool for controlling metal contamination. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","metal poisoning",1,43,2,"phasing out leaded petrol",2,"legislaiton",4,0,0,"Riyadh",248,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1255,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Riyadh"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1255,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"saudi arabia"},"saudi arabiaRiyadh",49,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1255,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Alghamdi, T.",2019,"Data integrity of smart city traffic for emergency vehicle","Background: In some medical emergencies that require urgent medical intervention, emergency vehicles face some difficulties, whether in reaching the patient or hospitals. Traffic congestion increases at intersections and major streets, causing complications to the patient's health due to the delay arrival of emergency vehicles to their intended destination. But with the innovative solutions offered by the Internet of Things, we can reduce traffic congestion and facilitate traffic for emergency vehicles. IoT devices are becoming part of a smart city infrastructure, therefore, we manage the network traffic by various sensors that are used to collect traffic data (e.g., cameras, piezoelectric, and magnetic sensors). Data obtained from these sensors are used to support various types of services, including traveler information, incident detection, and travel time prediction. The use of these data facilitates the arrival of emergency vehicles to their intended destination, which contributes to the improvement of medical services and saving humans lives. The accuracy and integrity of collected data are crucial to the reliability of the emergency vehicle services. The more accurate the data, the more efficient the services rendered. Recent research has shown that hackers can expose sensors and send misleading data to the controller, which can cause significant traffic problems and thus affect the entire smart city's services. Objective(s): The objectives of this project are to enable Smart City Services to improve its medical services by ensuring the reliability and integrity of data collected through IoT devices. Method(s): This project proposes a robust built-in algorithm that detects anomalies in sensor readings of traffic data. We present two complementary stages of the algorithm: Spatio- Temporal detection and GPS calibration. In Spatio-Temporal detection, we detect anomalies in real-time sensor readings that are significantly offset from historical readings of traffic data. The algorithm optimizes Spatio-Temporal detection outputs by identifying cases that interfere with neighboring sensors readings. In the final stage, we verify the accuracy of collected traffic data by comparing values with live GPS data collected from vehicles. Result(s): The outcomes of this project will directly impact the reliability, resiliency, and integrity of not only traffic data, but also a wide range of Smart City services, emergency and disaster managements, urban sensing and law enforcement. Conclusion(s): While IoT is increasingly being used in many domains, including critical infrastructures, very little work has been discussed typical approaches in providing emergency medical services based on collected data through IoT devices. This work is to improve emergency vehicle services by predicting the accuracy of the traffic data based on current and the past observations with low computational time in intelligent traffic management. Key words: Data; Traffic; Integrity; Emergency; Vehicle Copyright © 2018","y",null,null,"Journal Article","emergency",2,23,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1256,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$F$216,4,FALSE)","v":2},"using IoT to improve resposne times",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1256,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1256,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Ahn, E., Kim, J., Moon, S., Ko, Y. H., Cho, H., Park, J. H., Song, J. H., Kim, H. N., Jee, J. Y. and Han, R. Y.",2019,"Effect of a Crisis Intervention Team for suicide attempt patients in an emergency department in Korea","Background: South Korea has one of the highest rates of suicide in the world, which poses an immense socioeconomic burden on the healthcare system. Objective(s): We hypothesized that the implementation of a Crisis Intervention Team would lead to an improvement in completion rates of suicide prevention counseling programs. Method(s): This is a retrospective before-and-after analysis, and was carried out in the emergency department in the city of Ansan, South Korea. The Crisis Intervention Team, funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, counsels suicide attempt patients with the ultimate goal of assuring proper administration of mental healthcare from community suicide support programs. Data on suicide attempt patients were collected using medical records. The primary outcome was defined as completion of the 8-week follow-up period for suicide attempt patients with the community suicide support programs. Result(s): A total of 246 patients from the pre-intervention period and 296 patients from the post-intervention period were included in the study. The completion rates of the 8-week follow-up period increased significantly after the intervention. During the pre-intervention period, 9 patients (3.7%) who were referred to the community suicide support program completed the 8 weeks of follow-up, whereas in the post-intervention period, 56 patients (18.9%) followed up for 8 weeks or more (p < 0.0001). The secondary outcome, overall linkage rates to community suicide support program, did not change significantly, with a minor increase from 46 (18.7%) to 63 (21.3%) (p = 0.45). Conclusion(s): The implementation of an in-hospital Crisis Intervention Team dedicated to active and assertive counseling that begins in the emergency department was correlated with significantly increased completion rates of the 8-week follow-up counseling program. Copyright © The Author(s) 2019.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","accident",2,39,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1257,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$F$216,4,FALSE)","v":2},"crisis intervention team in hospitals",3,"nationally funded",8,0,0,"Ansan, South Korea",249,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1257,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Ansan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1257,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Korea, South"},"Korea, SouthAnsan",63,4,1]
["not stated",2019,"Minnesota police see sharp drop in MH crisis following new training","Mental health crisis calls reported by Minnetonka police fell by almost a quarter in 2018, after officers took part in a crisis intervention program developed by two Twin Cities criminal justice professors, the Star Tribune reported Feb. 22. The decline in crisis calls contrasts dramatically with statistics from comparable metro-area cities, said Jillian Peterson, a professor at Hamline University in St. Paul who co-developed the training program. Elsewhere, last year's crisis calls — which typically involve depression, suicide threats, psychosis or erratic behavior under the influence of drugs or alcohol — either increased from the previous year or declined only slightly. In Minnetonka, a suburban city in Minnesota, everyone on the police department staff — civilians as well as the 57 sworn officers — was required to take the training in February 2018. Last year's calls totaled 302, which was 23 percent fewer than the previous year. Minnetonka police are planning further improvements in their strategies for handling crisis calls, Minnetonka Police Chief Scott Boerboom said. For example, officials are working on a plan with the Plymouth Police Department to partner with a social worker who would provide follow-up counseling.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","MH Crisis",1,25,2,"MH training for entire police workforce",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Minnetonka (minnesota)",250,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1258,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Minnetonka"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1258,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAMinnetonka",1,1,1]
["not stated",2019,"Air pollution in Mongolia","Starting in May, the government of Mongolia will introduce a coal burning ban in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, as part of efforts to clean up the city's air. Implementing the ban is going to be a challenge, but reducing air pollution is of fundamental importance to improving population health. Sophie Cousins reports.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"banning coal  burning",2,"law",4,0,0,"Ulaanbaatar (mongolia)",251,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1259,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Ulaanbaatar"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1259,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mongolia"},"mongoliaUlaanbaatar",64,4,0]
["Zhang, Y., Loh, C., Louie, P. K. K., Liu, H. and Lau, A. K. H.",2018,"The roles of scientific research and stakeholder engagement for evidence-based policy formulation on shipping emissions control in Hong Kong","Shipping emissions control is critical to air quality management and improved public health for coastal port cities and regions with heavy marine traffic. However, Asian port cities have been slow in introducing regulations on marine fuels for two main reasons - firstly, due to a lack of information and therefore appreciation on the air quality and public health benefits that could be derived; and secondly, due to sensitivity as to whether there may be negative impacts on port competitiveness and trade opposition. Hong Kong, one of the top-ten international container ports in the world, has been proactive in reducing shipping emissions in the past decade. The Ocean Going Vessels Fuel at Berth regulation, enforced since July 2015 in Hong Kong, is the first marine fuel control regulation for ocean going vessels in Asia. This regulation has been adopted nationally by China for its coastal ports, followed by the establishment of domestic emission control areas in its coastal waters that will come into force in 2019. This paper describes the decade-long journey where scientific research led to evidence-based policy changes. New insights and understanding arising from the research enabled cross-sectoral engagement and dialogue among the key stakeholders in government, industry and civil society, which resulted in the political consensus needed for a change in policy and legislation. Similar evidence-based policy formulation, together with public-private sectors dialogue could be useful to other jurisdictions in pursuing a \"win-win\" path to improve environmental protection and public health through regulating shipping emissions. The same combination of science-to-engagement-to-policy approach could also become part of a knowledge-and-consensus-building process for other environmental policy areas as well. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"law on shipping fuel",2,"law",4,0,0,"hong kong",91,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1260,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hong Kong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1260,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHong Kong",20,4,0]
["Zhang, S., Niu, T., Wu, Y., Zhang, K. M., Wallington, T. J., Xie, Q., Wu, X. and Xu, H.",2018,"Fine-grained vehicle emission management using intelligent transportation system data","The increasing adoption of intelligent transportation system (ITS) data in smart-city initiatives worldwide has offered unprecedented opportunities for improving transportation air quality management. In this paper, we demonstrate the effective use of ITS and other traffic data to develop a link-level and hourly-based dynamic vehicle emission inventory. Our work takes advantage of the extensive ITS infrastructure deployed in Nanjing, China (6600km<sup>2</sup>) that offers high-resolution, multi-source traffic data of the road network. Improved than conventional emission inventories, the ITS data empower the strength of revealing significantly temporal and spatial heterogeneity of traffic dynamics that pronouncedly impacts traffic emission patterns. Four urban districts account for only 4% of the area but approximately 30%-40% of vehicular emissions (e.g., CO<sub>2</sub> and air pollutants). Owing to the detailed resolution of road network traffic, two types of emission hotspots are captured by the dynamic emission inventory: those in the urban area dominated by urban passenger traffic, and those along outlying highway corridors reflecting inter-city freight transportation (especially in terms of NO<sub>X</sub>). Fine-grained quantification of emissions reductions from traffic restriction scenarios is explored. ITS data-driven emission management systems coupled with atmospheric models offer the potential for dynamic air quality management in the future.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"intelligent transport system data - SMART city stuff - to map issue areas",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"nanjing",252,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1261,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nanjing"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1261,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"China"},"ChinaNanjing",20,4,0]
["Yasir, M. K., Hasson, A. J. and Abed, A. H.",2018,"Evaluation of early detection program of bronchial asthma in primary health centers of Al-Nasiriyah city/ 2016","One of the main important public health objectives is the prevention of childhood asthma. Evaluating the effectiveness of early detection of childhood asthmatic symptoms, followed by a counseling intervention at preventive child health centers is the corn stone of this study. Early detection and counseling is expected to reduce the prevalence of asthma symptoms and improve health quality in general. This study aimed to evaluate the early detection program of asthma through structure or preconditions of early detection program of asthma, process to be carried out to deliver this program, outcome (Intermediate and ultimate indicators) and lastly opinion of consumers and providers. Evaluation type of study had been conducted all over the 2016. Nine health care centers were involved since the 1<sup>st</sup> week of January 2016, where an early detection tool had been applied at age groups 1, 2-5, 6 and more than 6 years at the intervention centers. Children who met the intervention criteria received counseling intervention (personal advice to parents to prevent the child from exposure to smoking, and/or referral to the general practitioner or asthma nurse). The primary outcome was asthma diagnosis at age 6 years. Secondary outcomes included frequency and severity of asthma symptoms, health-related quality of life at age 6 years. Analysis was done according to the intention-to-treat principle. Data collection was completed at the 1<sup>st</sup> of November 2016. Evaluation of the present input, process of PHC for early detection program resulted in: Providing most of the human resources in terms of laboratory assistants and coordinators of the program. Providing most of the material resources such as pressure gauges, medical handset and scales and tape measure height and waist needed to work in the laboratory with the availability of a suitable place for the work program staff to do their job and appliances. The percentage for input was 60% for all PHCs. While regarding consumer satisfaction: Most of consumer are highly satisfied 149 (80.1%) while not satisfied only 8 (4.3%) and high numbers gave the reason due to good services 97 (52.5%) and no comments 71 (38.2%). Regarding the proportion of the detected cases for different non communicable diseases was 44.1% of the whole population that have alarming sign and symptoms of NCD. The lack of doctors of all spatiality (GP, graduted doctors and specialist), lack of some essential tools, following wrong guidelines for this program by general health department by abolishment many ministerial guidelines, human mistakes and lack of training of staff of program, there no feedback mechanism for referral patient from hospital to PHC, lack of some treatment and investigations and some services not free. Copyright © 2018, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","asthma",2,5,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Al-Nasiriyah",266,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1262,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"An Nasiriyah"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1262,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"iraq"},"iraqAn Nasiriyah",73,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1262,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Yang, J. S., Zhang, L. J., Feng, L. Z., Zhao, J. H., Ma, Y. Y. and Xu, L. L.",2018,"[Influenza vaccination and its influencing factors among clinical staff of the hospitals in 2016-2017 season, Xining, Qinghai province, China]","<b>Objective:</b> To investigate the influenza vaccination and its influencing factors among the clinical staff in Xining, Qinghai province, in the 2016-2017 influenza season, and to explore the promoting strategies to encourage the target population for influenza vaccination. <b>Methods:</b> Four sample hospitals were randomly selected from the total 11 tertiary hospitals in Xining city. Clinical staff that worked in the four hospitals and agreed to participate were recruited for investigation via a self-administered questionnaire. <b>Results:</b> During the 2016-2017 influenza season, the coverage rate of influenza vaccines among the clinical staff was 5.14% (95%CI: 4.80%-5.49%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that knowing the priority of vaccination, the frequency of vaccination, effect of vaccination, and possessing higher professional qualifications were major influencing factors for influenza vaccination. The intention on recommendation of seasonal influenza vaccine was higher in vaccinated group than that in the unvaccinated group (chi(2)=99.57, P<0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b> The lower coverage rate was primarily associated with the lack of knowledge about influenza vaccine among the clinical staff of the hospital. Tailored information should be provided to the clinical staff through effective methods to improve vaccination and the recommendation of influenza vaccine.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","immunication",2,42,1,"flu vaccination",3,null,3,0,0,"Xining",332,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1263,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Xining"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1263,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaXining",5,4,1]
["Yang, J. and Xiao, C.",2018,"Experimental research on the influence of comprehensive intervention on cognition and behavior of pupils in physical education under the guidance of social ecology theory","Objectives: To explore the intervention effect of multifaceted intervention on teenager physical exercise cognition and behavior from the perspective of social ecology theory to promote young people to actively participate in physical exercise. Method(s): 173 young people from two schools in Wuxi City of Jiangsu Province were selected as the experimental subjects, including 85 experimental group students and 88 control group students, we tried to guide the experimental group to conduct a 14-weeks health education, exercise intervention and policy advocacy from the family, school, community and policy aspects. Result(s): 1) The number of participants with low level of participation in physical exercise after the experiment is reduced by nearly 23% compared with that before the experiment, which is mainly manifested in significant increase in time (P < 0.01) and exercise frequency of participating physical exercise (P < 0.01), but no significant change in exercise intensity (P > 0.05). After the experiment, the value cognitive of exercise (P < 0.01), emotional experience (P < 0.05) and behavioral control (P < 0.05) of the experimental subjects had a significant change, the behavioral attitude change (P > 0.05) was not obvious. 2) Comprehensive intervention for Junior high school students to participate in physical activity time is better than primary students, both boys and girls played a significant effect comprehensive intervention for Junior high school students, primary school student frequency of exercise is obvious, the frequency of girls to exercise intervention is better than boys. 3) The effect of comprehensive intervention on the cognitive value of the exercise value of primary school students was significantly better than that of Junior high school students, and there was a significant intervention effect on both boys and girls. Comprehensive intervention effect of emotional experience for primary school students is obvious, the effect of intervention in junior high school students is not significant, and emotional experience intervention for boys is better than girls. Intervention on junior high school students' exercise control was significantly better than that of primary school students both boys and girls had significant effect and the intervention for boys is better than girls. Conclusion(s): The comprehensive intervention method can promote the cognition and behavior of physical exercise in primary and middle school students in a short period of time under the guidance of social ecology theory. In the future, we need to adopt a more comprehensive intervention method, develop a more rigorous intervention program, expand the sample size and prolong the intervention time to further explore the impact of comprehensive intervention on cognition and behavior of physical exercise from the perspective of social ecology and then come to more convincing conclusions.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","physcial inactivity",1,29,2,null,7,null,0,0,0,"wuxi",5,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1264,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"antwerp"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1264,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"belgium"},"belgiumantwerp",5,4,1]
["Xin, Wang, Xizhuo, Sun, Fangfang, Gong, Yixiang, Huang, Lijin, Chen, Yong, Zhang and Birch, Stephen",2018,"The Luohu Model: A Template for Integrated Urban Healthcare Systems in China","Introduction: Emerging from the epidemiological transition and accelerated aging process, China's fragmentated healthcare systems struggle to meet the demands of the population. On Sept 1st 2017, China's National Health and Family Planning Commission encouraged all cities to learn from the Luohu model of integration adopted in Luohu as an approach to meeting these challenges. In this paper, we study the integration process, analyze the core mechanisms, and conduct preliminary evaluations of integrated policy development in the Luohu model. Policy development: The Luohu hospital group was established in Aug 2015, consists of five district hospitals, 23 community health stations and an institute of precision medicine. The group adopted a series of professional, organizational, system, functional and normative strategies for integrated care, which was provided for the residents of Luohu, especially for the elderly population and patients with chronic conditions. According to a preliminary evaluation of the past two years, the Luohu model showed improvement in the structure and process towards integrated care. New preventive programs conducted in the hospital group resulted in changes of disease incidence. Residents were more satisfied with the Luohu model. However, spending exceeded the global budget for health insurance because of short-term increases in the demand for health care. Lessons learned: First, engagement of multiple stakeholders is essential for the design and implementation of reform. Second, organizational integration is a prerequisite for integrated care in China. Third, effective care integration requires alignment with payment reforms. Fourth, normative integration could promote collaboration in an integrated healthcare system. Conclusion: Core strategies and mechanisms of the Luohu model will promote integrated care in urban China and other countries facing the same challenges. However, it is necessary to study the effects of the Luohu model over the long term and continue to strive for integrated care.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","integration",2,46,2,null,3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Shenzhen city",202,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1265,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shenzhen"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1265,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaShenzhen",5,4,1]
["Xin, Wang, Xizhuo, Sun, Birch, Stephen, Fangfang, Gong, Valentijn, Pim, Lijin, Chen, Yong, Zhang, Yixiang, Huang and Hongwei, Yang",2018,"People-centred integrated care in urban China","In most countries, the demand for integrated care for people with chronic diseases is increasing as the population ages. This demand requires a fundamental shift of health-care systems towards more integrated service delivery models. To achieve this shift in China, the World Health Organization, the World Bank and the Chinese government proposed a tiered health-care delivery system in accordance with a people-centred integrated care model. The approach was pioneered in Luohu district of Shenzhen city from 2015 to 2017 as a template for practice. In September 2017, China's health ministry introduced this approach to people-centred integrated care to the entire country. We describe the features of the Luohu model in relation to the core action areas and implementation strategies proposed and we summarize data from an evaluation of the first two years of the programme. We discuss the challenges faced during implementation and the lessons learnt from it for other health-care systems. We consider how to improve collaboration between institutions, how to change the population's behaviour about using community health services as the first point of contact and how to manage resources effectively to avoid budget deficits. Finally, we outline next steps of the Luohu model and its potential application to strengthen health care in other urban health-care systems.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","integration",2,46,2,null,3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Shenzhen city",202,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1266,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shenzhen"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1266,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaShenzhen",5,4,1]
["Xie, X. F. and Wang, Z. J.",2018,"Examining travel patterns and characteristics in a bikesharing network and implications for data-driven decision supports: Case study in the Washington DC area","Bikesharing has gradually become an adopted form of mobility in urban area recent years as one sustainable transportation mode to bring us many social, environmental, economic, and health-related benefits and rewards. There is increased research toward better understanding of bikesharing systems (BSS) in urban environments. However, our comprehension remains incomplete on the patterns and characteristics of BSS. In this paper, aiming to help improving sustainability in multimodal transportation through BSS, we perform a systematic data analysis to examine underlying patterns and characteristics of the system dynamics in a bikeshare network and to acquire implications of the patterns and characteristics for decision making. As a case study, we use trip history data from the Capital Bikeshare system in the Washington DC area and some additional data sources. The study covers seven important aspects of bikeshare transportation systems, which are respectively trip demand and flow, operating activities, use and idle times, trip purpose, origin-destination flows, mobility, and safety. For these aspects, by using appropriate statistical methods and geographic techniques, we investigate travel patterns and characteristics of BSS from data to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative impacts of the inputs from key stakeholders on main measures of effectiveness such as trip costs, mobility, safety, quality of service, and operational efficiency, where key stakeholders include road users, system operators, and city. We also disclose some new patterns and characteristics of BSS to advance the knowledge on travel behaviors. Finally, we briefly summarize our findings and discuss the implications of the patterns and characteristics for data-driven decision supports from the relations between BSS and key stakeholders for promoting bikeshare utilization and transforming urban transportation to be more sustainable. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"bike share",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"washington",239,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1267,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Washington"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1267,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaWashington",1,1,0]
["Winters, M., Branion-Calles, M., Therrien, S., Fuller, D., Gauvin, L., Whitehurst, D. G. T. and Nelson, T.",2018,"Impacts of Bicycle Infrastructure in Mid-Sized Cities (IBIMS): Protocol for a natural experiment study in three Canadian cities","Introduction Bicycling is promoted as a transportation and population health strategy globally. Yet bicycling has low uptake in North America (1%-2% of trips) compared with European bicycling cities (15%-40% of trips) and shows marked sex and age trends. Safety concerns due to collisions with motor vehicles are primary barriers. To attract the broader population to bicycling, many cities are making investments in bicycle infrastructure. These interventions hold promise for improving population health given the potential for increased physical activity and improved safety, but such outcomes have been largely unstudied. In 2016, the City of Victoria, Canada, committed to build a connected network of infrastructure that separates bicycles from motor vehicles, designed to attract people of all ages and abilities' to bicycling. This natural experiment study examines the impacts of the City of Victoria's investment in a bicycle network on active travel and safety outcomes. The specific objectives are to (1) estimate changes in active travel, perceived safety and bicycle safety incidents; (2) analyse spatial inequities in access to bicycle infrastructure and safety incidents; and (3) assess health-related economic benefits. Methods and analysis The study is in three Canadian cities (intervention: Victoria; comparison: Kelowna, Halifax). We will administer population-based surveys in 2016, 2018 and 2021 (1000 people/city). The primary outcome is the proportion of people reporting bicycling. Secondary outcomes are perceived safety and bicycle safety incidents. Spatial analyses will compare the distribution of bicycle infrastructure and bicycle safety incidents across neighbourhoods and across time. We will also calculate the economic benefits of bicycling using WHO's Health Economic Assessment Tool. Ethics and dissemination This study received approval from the Simon Fraser University Office of Research Ethics (study no. 2016s0401). Findings will be disseminated via a website, presentations to stakeholders, at academic conferences and through peer-reviewed journal articles. Copyright © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"bike lanes",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Victoria (canada)",253,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1268,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Victoria"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1268,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Canada"},"CanadaVictoria",2,1,0]
["Williams, R. D., Housman, J. M. and Evans, J. L.",2018,"Continued reduction of particulate matter in bars six months after adoption of a smoke-free ordinance","The purpose of this study was to measure particulate matter (PM2.5) in pubs and bars prior to the adoption of a comprehensive, citywide smoke-free ordinance, as well as at multiple time points after adoption. Ten venues in a Southern U.S. city were measured at 1-month preordinance and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month postordinance. Air quality risk was determined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality Index. Data revealed a statistically significant difference (p &lt;.001; Eta2 =.889) in PM2.5 levels for the four time points. Air quality measurements showed that PM2.5 was 202.17 ± 97.89 (mean ± SD) at 1-month preordinance, 25.53 ± 14.18 at 1-month postordinance, 18.00 ± 8.43 at 3-month postordinance, and 10.77 ± 2.45 at 6-month postordinance. At the preordinance measurement, no venue was found to be in the \"good\" (minimal risk) range of the Air Quality Index; however, 100% of venues presented minimal air quality risk by the 3-month postordinance measurement. This study shows that adoption of smoke-free ordinances yields immediate reductions in health risks with continued air quality improvements up to 6-month postordinance (the last time point measured). © 2018 National Environmental Health Association. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"banning smoking utdoors",2,"law",4,0,0,"southern US City",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1269,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1269,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Wieland, M. L., Hanza, M. M. M., Weis, J. A., Meiers, S. J., Patten, C. A., Clark, M. M., Sloan, J. A., Novotny, P. J., Njeru, J. W., Abbenyi, A., Levine, J. A., Goodson, M., Capetillo, G. D. P., Osman, A., Hared, A., Nigon, J. A. and Sia, I. G.",2018,"Healthy Immigrant Families: Randomized Controlled Trial of a Family-Based Nutrition and Physical Activity Intervention","PURPOSE: To evaluate a healthy eating and physical activity intervention for immigrant families, derived through community-based participatory research. DESIGN: The Healthy Immigrant Families study was a randomized controlled trial with delayed intervention control group, with families as the randomization unit. SETTING: US Midwest city. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were recruited by community partners from Hispanic, Somali, and Sudanese immigrant communities. INTERVENTION: Family health promoters from participating communities delivered 6 healthy eating modules, 4 physical activity modules, and 2 modules synthesizing information in 12 home visits (60-90 minutes) within the first 6 months. Up to 12 follow-up phone calls to each participant occurred within the second 6 months. MEASURES: Primary measures were dietary quality measured with weekday 24-hour recall and reported as Healthy Eating Index score (0-100) and physical activity measured with accelerometers (14 wear days) at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. RESULT(S): In total, 151 persons (81 adolescents and 70 adults; 44 families) were randomly assigned. At 12 months, significant improvement occurred in Healthy Eating Index scores for adults in the intervention group compared with controls (change, +8.6 vs -4.4; P < .01) and persisted at 24 months (+7.4 from baseline; P < .01). No differences were observed for adolescents and no significant differences occurred between groups for physical activity. CONCLUSION(S): This intervention produced sustained dietary quality improvement among adults but not among adolescents. Program outcomes are relevant to communities working to decrease cardiovascular risk among immigrant populations.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"education",1,null,0,0,0,"US midwest city",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1270,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1270,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Ward, B. M., O'Sullivan, B. and Buykx, P.",2018,"Evaluation of a local government \"shelter and van\" intervention to improve safety and reduce alcohol-related harm","BACKGROUND: The entertainment precincts of cities, while contributing to local economies, need to be carefully managed to mitigate harms. Individual behaviours and government regulation have typically been the foci of interventions aimed at reducing alcohol-related harm. Little is known about how changes to the built environment might influence alcohol-related harms in these settings. The aim of this study was to explore how a public shelter and a volunteer-funded and staffed mobile van in a regional city influenced perceptions of safety and reduction in alcohol-related harm. METHOD(S): An intrinsic case-study approach was used. Document reviews, qualitative interviews with 16 key informants (volunteers, licensees, police, local business owners, patrons, community members and security guards), observation, and secondary data analysis were conducted in 2016. A conceptual framework of the causative pathways linking the drivers of alcohol consumption with social and health outcomes was used to inform the analysis. RESULT(S): The shelter and van were frequently utilised but there was no significant association with a reduction in the proportion of alcohol-related hospital emergency department presentations or police incident reports. Occupational health and safety risks were identified for the volunteers which had no management plan. CONCLUSION(S): The findings highlight the challenge faced by local governments/authorities wanting to provide community-based interventions to complement other evidence-based approaches to reduce alcohol-related harm. Local governments/authorities with restricted regulatory oversight need to collaborate with key agencies for targeted upstream and evidence-based alcohol prevention and management interventions before investing resources. Such approaches are critical for improving community safety as well as health and social outcomes in communities at greatest risk of alcohol-related harm.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","alcohol",1,13,2,"public shelter and van",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1271,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1271,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,1]
["Vogler, I. H., Alfieri, D. F., Gianjacomo, H. D. B., de Almeida, E. R. D. and Reiche, E. M. V.",2018,"Cascade of care for people living with HIV infection in southern Brazil: Results from a public health network","The cascade of care for people living with HIV infection (PLHIV) describes steps in diagnosis, linkage and retention in care, as well as the provision and success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The aim of this study was to evaluate the rates regarding the retention in care, on cART, and suppressed viral load for PLHIV attended at a Brazilian public health network. Data on PLHIV from 116 cities of Paraná, Southern Brazil, attended from 2012 to 2015, were retrospectively collected through the Laboratory Tests Control System (SISCEL). The number of PLHIV related to care increased about 22.5% from 2012 to 2015 (4,106 to 5,030 individuals). The proportion of PLHIV retained in care showed a trend toward stabilization around 81.7-86.9%. Every year, the use of cART increased up to 90.3% for PLHIV retained in care. Viral load suppression was achieved by 72.8% of patients on cART and 57.1% by those linked to care. Retention in care and HIV viral suppression were more likely to occur in older PLHIV than younger ones; similarly, patients living in medium-sized cities were more susceptible to these factors than in large-or small-sized cities. In conclusion, the study showed a high level of retention in care and HIV suppression on cART, as well as emphasized that current efforts for treating already-infected PLHIV remain a challenge for our health public institutions and may contribute to highlight steps for improvement of the HIV cascade of care in our population. © 2018, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,null,3,"not stated",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1272,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1272,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1272,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},2]
["Ursua, R. A., Aguilar, D. E., Wyatt, L. C., Trinh-Shevrin, C., Gamboa, L., Valdellon, P., Perrella, E. G., Dimaporo, M. Z., Nur, P. Q., Tandon, S. D. and Islam, N. S.",2018,"A community health worker intervention to improve blood pressure among Filipino Americans with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial","Behavioral interventions utilizing community health workers (CHWs) have demonstrated effectiveness in improving hypertension disparities in ethnic minority populations in the United States, but few have focused on Asian Americans. We assessed the efficacy of a CHW intervention to improve hypertension management among Filipino Americans with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) in New York City (NYC) from 2011 to 2013. A total of 240 Filipino American individuals (112 in the treatment group and 128 in the control group) with uncontrolled hypertension (SBP >= 140 mmHg and/or DBP >= 90 mmHg) were recruited from community-based settings in NYC. Using a community-based participatory research approach, treatment participants received 4 educational workshops and 4 one-on-one visits with CHWs over a 4-month period, while control group participants received 1 educational workshop. Main outcome measures included BP control, changes in SBP and DBP, and changes in appointment keeping at 8-months. At 8-months, BP was controlled among a significantly greater percentage of treatment group participants (83.3%) compared to the control group (42.7%). The adjusted odds of controlled BP for the treatment group was 3.2 times the odds of the control group (P < 0.001). Both groups showed decreases in SBP and DBP, with greater decreases among treatment participants. Significant between-group differences were also demonstrated in adjusted analyses (P < 0.001). Individuals in the treatment group showed significant changes in appointment keeping. In conclusion, a community-based intervention delivered by CHWs can help improve BP and related factors among Filipino Americans with hypertension in NYC. Copyright © 2018 The Authors","y",null,null,"Journal Article","hgigh blood pressure",1,4,2,"behavioural intervention",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1273,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1273,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Trude, A. C. B., Surkan, P. J., Anderson Steeves, E., Pollack Porter, K. and Gittelsohn, J.",2018,"The impact of a multilevel childhood obesity prevention intervention on healthful food acquisition, preparation, and fruit and vegetable consumption on African-American adult caregivers","ObjectiveTo evaluate the secondary impact of a multilevel, child-focused, obesity intervention on food-related behaviours (acquisition, preparation, fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption) on youths' primary caregivers.DesignB'More Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) group-randomized controlled trial promoted access to healthy foods and food-related behaviours through wholesaler and small store strategies, peer mentor-led nutrition education aimed at youths, and social media and text messaging targeting their adult caregivers. Measures included caregivers' (n 516) self-reported household food acquisition frequency for FV, snacks and grocery items over 30 d, and usual FV consumption in a sub-sample of 226 caregivers via the NCI FV Screener. Hierarchical models assessed average treatment effects (ATE). Treatment-on-the-treated-effect (TTE) analyses evaluated correlation between behavioural change and exposure to BHCK. Exposure scores at post-assessment were based on self-reported viewing of BHCK materials and participating in activities.SettingThirty Baltimore City low-income neighbourhoods, USA.ParticipantsAdult caregivers of youths aged 9-15 years.ResultsOf caregivers, 90·89 % were female; mean age 39·31 (sd 9·31) years. Baseline mean (sd) intake (servings/d) was 1·30 (1·69) fruits and 1·35 (1·05) vegetables. In ATE, no significant intervention effect was found on caregivers' food-related behaviours. In TTE, each point increase in BHCK exposure score (range: 0-6·9) increased caregivers' daily fruit consumption by 0·2 servings (0·24 (se 0·11); 95 % CI 0·04, 0·47). Caregivers reporting greater social media exposure tripled their daily fruit intake (3·16 (se 0·92); 95 % CI 1·33, 4·99) and increased their frequency of unhealthy food purchasing v. baseline.ConclusionsChild-focused community-based nutrition interventions may also benefit family members' fruit intake. Child-focused interventions should involve adult caregivers and intervention effects on family members should be assessed. Future multilevel studies should consider using social media to improve reach and engage caregiver participants. Copyright © The Authors 2018.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","childhood obesity",1,1,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1274,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1274,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Teeriniemi, A. M., Salonurmi, T., Jokelainen, T., Vähänikkilä, H., Alahäivälä, T., Karppinen, P., Enwald, H., Huotari, M. L., Laitinen, J., Oinas-Kukkonen, H. and Savolainen, M. J.",2018,"A randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of a Web-based health behaviour change support system and group lifestyle counselling on body weight loss in overweight and obese subjects: 2-year outcomes","Background: Weight loss can prevent and treat obesity-related diseases. However, lost weight is usually regained, returning to the initial or even higher levels in the long term. New counselling methods for maintaining lifestyle changes are urgently needed. Objectives: An information and communication technology-based health behaviour change support system (HBCSS) that utilizes persuasive design and methods of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was developed with the aim of helping individuals to maintain body weight. The purpose of this study was to assess whether CBT-based group counselling combined with HBCSS or HBCSS alone helps to maintain improved lifestyle changes needed for weight loss compared to self-help guidance or usual care. Methods: A randomized lifestyle intervention for overweight or obese persons (BMI 27–35 kg m−2 and age 20–60 years), recruited from the population registry in the city of Oulu, Finland, was conducted. This study comprised six randomly assigned study arms: CBT-based group counselling (eight sessions led by a nutritionist), self-help guidance-based group counselling (SHG; two sessions led by a nurse) and control, each with or without HCBSS, for 52 weeks. Subjects visited the study centre for anthropometric measurements, blood sample collection and to complete questionnaires at baseline, 12 and 24 months. The main outcome was weight change from baseline to 12 months and from baseline to 24 months. Results: Of the 1065 volunteers screened for the study, 532 subjects (51% men) met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled. The retention rate was 80% at 12 months and 70% at 24 months. CBT-based counselling with HBCSS produced the largest weight reduction without any significant weight gain during follow-up. The mean weight change in this arm was 4.1% [95% confidence interval (CI), −5.4 to −2.8, P &lt; 0.001) at 12 months and 3.4% (95% CI, −4.8 to −2.0, P &lt; 0.001) at 24 months. HBCSS even without any group counselling reduced the mean weight by 1.6% (95% CI, −2.9 to −0.3, P = 0.015) at 24 months. Conclusion: The combination of CBT-based group counselling and HBCSS-based weight management is feasible for overweight or obese individuals. Moreover, HBCSS alone could be disseminated to the population at large as an effective means of treating obesity. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Internal Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Publication of The Journal of Internal Medicine.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"web based",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Oulu (Finland)",254,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1275,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Oulu"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1275,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Finland"},"FinlandOulu",26,3,1]
["Tapia, V., Carbajal, L., Vasquez, V., Espinoza, R., Vasquez-Velasquez, C., Steenland, K. and Gonzales, G. F.",2018,"Traffic regulation and environmental pollution by particulate material (2.5 and 10), sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide in Metropolitan Lima, Peru. [Spanish]","Objective. To assess the change in environmental levels of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2, after the application of a traffic regulation plan in Abancay Avenue between the years 2013-2015 vs. to 2007-2009, and comparing it against two other avenues, in which no traffic regulation was implemented: Guillermo de La Fuente Avenue in the district of Comas and Cesar Vallejo Avenue in El Agustino. Materials and Methods. Environmental data were collected by three air monitors from the Ministry of Health's Environmental Health and Food Safety General Directorate (Direccion General de Salud Ambiental e Inocuidad Alimentaria) that are part of the Air Quality Surveillance network of the city of Lima. The beta coefficient of the linear regression allowed to assess change in the concentration of each pollutant. Results. The traffic regulation plan of Abancay Av. reduced the levels of PM2.5 by 62%; 55% for PM10 levels; 65% for the NO2 levels, and 82% for the SO2 levels. In the other two avenues assess, this reduction was not observed. A significant reduction in PM2.5 (beta:-53.11 mug/m3; 95% CI:-63.92 to-42.30), PM10 (beta:-47.99 mug/m3; 95% CI:-62.61 to-33.37), NO2 (beta:-41.71 mug/ m3; 95% CI:-48.18 to-35.23), and SO2 (beta:-28.59 mug/m3; 95% CI:-35.23 to-21.95) was observed in Abancay Av., with respect to the other two avenues, after the traffic regulation plan was implemented. Conclusions. Traffic regulation can contribute to the continuous reduction of different air pollutants. The expansion of this measure could improve air quality and the health status of the residents of Lima. Copyright © 2018, Instituto Nacional de Salud. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"change to roads",2,"not stated",4,0,0,"Lima",255,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1276,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Lima"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1276,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Peru"},"PeruLima",45,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1276,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},2]
["Tanaka, K., Senjyu, H., Tawara, Y., Tanaka, T., Asai, M., Tabusadani, M., Honda, S., Sawai, T. and Kozu, R.",2018,"Effects of systematic intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on follow-up and smoking cessation rates and changes of the pulmonary function: A 7-year longitudinal study in a Japanese rural city","Objective The early detection and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requires comprehensive follow-up over a long period. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a comprehensive long-term intervention system developed by the COPD Task Force for a rural city in Japan during a 7-year period. Methods This prospective, community-based longitudinal study encompassed 2006-2013 in Matsuura City, Japan. Primary and secondary screenings were performed for the early diagnosis and treatment of COPD. Individuals diagnosed with COPD were managed by the COPD Task Force’s comprehensive early intervention system. The outcomes of interest were the rate of continuous follow-up after the diagnosis of COPD, the smoking cessation rate, and changes in the pulmonary function during a 7-year period. Subjects The study included 8,878 residents of 50-89 years of age who resided in Matsuura in 2006. Results In total, 140 participants received definitive diagnoses of COPD in 2006. After 7 years of intervention, 34 patients withdrew; 78 (74%) patients continued with treatment in our intervention system. The rate of smoking cessation was significantly increased in the intervention group (from 30% to 68%; p&lt;0.01) over the 7-year period. The change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) was-23.2 mL/year. Conclusion Our systematic longitudinal intervention system during a 7-year period led to high rates of follow-up and smoking cessation. Furthermore, our system may be able to prevent the decline of FEV 1 in COPD patients. This intervention system may be effective in rural cities with few respiratory physicians. © 2018 The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","copd",2,31,2,"screening",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Matsuura City",126,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1277,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Matsuura"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1277,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"japan"},"japanMatsuura",35,4,1]
["Stoove, M., Asselin, J., El-Hayek, C., Lewin, S., Allan, B., Hoy, J., Wright, E., Ruth, S., Mills, J., Carter, C., West, M., Manwaring, J., Fischer, A., Wilkinson, A., Guy, R., Donovan, B., Calendar, D., Higgins, N., Locke, P., Roth, N., Tee, B., Wilcox, J., Nguyen, L., Ryan, K. and Hellard, M.",2018,"HIV prevention in a Fast Track City: Trends in timedependent HIV cascade indicators among gay and bisexual men attending high HIV caseload testing services in Melbourne, Australia","Background: The Fast-Track Cities partnership focuses on translating global HIV goals into local strategies, with progress towards 90-90-90 targets used as key indicators. Melbourne is Australia's only Fast Track City and, alongside Amsterdam, has reported achieving 90-90- 90 targets. Sentinel surveillance in Melbourne also enables monitoring of individuals' progress through the HIV cascade, producing indicators highly sensitive to change. With 78% of HIV diagnoses in Melbourne occurring among gay and bisexual men (GBM), we present trends in HIV testing, diagnosis rates, and time to viral suppression among GBM attending three general practices specialising in GBM health and one GBM peer-led testing service in Melbourne. Method(s): HIV testing data was extracted from patient management systems through the Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS) between Jan 2012-Sep 2017. Using anonymised unique identifiers, ACCESS prospectively links data on individuals' clinic attendances and laboratory test results. We calculated annualised trends in repeat testing (follow-up tests within three, six and 12-months), HIV positivity, the proportion of GBM with undetectable viral loads (<200 copies/ml) within 12 months of diagnosis and median time between diagnosis and undetectable viral load. Result(s): 11,607 GBM received 47,722 HIV diagnostic tests between 2012 and 2017. There were significant increases in 12-month (56% to 63% p < 0.01), six-month (28% to 44% p < 0.001) and three-month (10% to 22% p < 0.001) repeat testing. Between 2012 and 2017, 292 GBM were newly diagnosed with HIV HIV positivity was 1.5% in 2012, peaked at 2.2% in 2014 then declined significantly to 0.4% in 2017 (p < 0.001). Among GBM newly diagnosed between 2012 and 2016, the percentage with undetectable viral loads (<200 copies/ml) within 12 months of diagnosis increased from 59% to 97% (p < 0.001) and the median time between diagnosis and undetectable viral load declined from 162 days to 50 days (p < 0.001). Conclusion(s): Considerable declines in time between HIV diagnosis and viral suppression among GBM attending specialist HIV testing services in Melbourne have coincided with substantial declines in HIV diagnosis rates at these services. The most recent declines in diagnoses also coincided with a substantial scale up of PrEP among GBM in 2016 to 2017 as part of a multi-site implementation project. (Figure Presented) .","y",null,null,"Journal Article","hiv",1,2,1,"fast track cities",1,"city dept",5,0,0,"melbourne",256,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1278,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"melbourne"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1278,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"australia"},"australiamelbourne",9,5,0]
["Stevens, D. L., Cobbs, R., Cadet, R., Hernandez, E. and Capponi, L. J.",2018,"Improving hypertension controlin a safety net system: The treat to target program","Background: Hypertension (HTN) has a lifetime prevalence of 29%. The HTN control rate in the US has remained flat at 53%. Sustainable, scalable strategies are needed to reduce associated death, suffering and health care costs. New York City Health+Hospitals, a safety net provider with 11 hospital-based practices and 6 ambulatory centers, employs a registry to track HTN control system-wide with over 100,000 active patients. Locally-driven efforts across our system were not achieving sustained improvement. In January 2012, system-wide control rate was 43.2% (defined as a blood pressure [BP] reading of < 140/90 recorded within 6 months, which is more stringent than the national norm of 12 months). We sought to leverage our electronic registry and a team-based approach to improve performance across our system. Methods: We implemented: 1. Feedback to Facility Leadership and Primary Care Teams: Each of our 17 ambulatory sites received a monthly HTN report with unblinded comparison of all sites. Sites also received an unblinded report comparing HTN control for each of that facility's primary care provider (PCP)'s panels. 2. Treat to Target Pathway: each site was coached on implementation of a pathway centering on registered nurse (RN)-delivered adherence counseling and self-management support including a home blood-pressure monitor. Patients were asked to return every 2 weeks for a BP check and self-management support until the patient's BP remained controlled at 2 subsequent contacts, the second of which could be by telephone. The RN facilitated medication titration in concert with the PCP when needed. Results: By September 2014, the system-wide HTN control rate increased from 43.2% to 48.8%. The mean practice control improved from 43.8% to 49.8% (p< 0.01). 11 of 17 (65%) of practices improved by atleast 5 points, with a mean improvement in this group of 9.1 points +/- 4.4. The remaining 6 practices improved less than 4 points (mean improvement 0.9+/- 0.4). Superstorm Sandy had a clear impact early on, shutting down 3 of the 17 sites and straining the entire system for several months. Conclusions: A system-wide intervention consisting of monthly unblinded feedback at the practice and provider level combined with implementation of the Treat to Target Pathway led to gradual, sustained improvements over 21 months with over 5000 additional unique patients achieving HTN control. [Figure Presented].","y",null,null,"Journal Article","hypertension",2,4,2,"service reform",3,null,3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1279,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1279,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Shobeiri, F., Afshari, K. D., Nazari, S., Nazari, S. and Farhadian, M.",2018,"Effect of nutritional program on nutritional behavior in pregnant women at Hamadan, Iran","Objective: To examine the effect of nutritional program based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model on nutritional behaviors of pregnant women referred to health centers in Hamadan city, Iran. Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental study. Hundred pregnant women (primigravidae) referred to health centers in Hamadan city, Iran, from October 2015 to March 2016 were randomly assigned to two groups (study and control). Nutritional program was presented within 04 sessions in two weeks. Data were gathered using three-part (demographics, program and nutritional behavior) questionnaire. Four nutritional program sessions were carried out in the study group. Assessment was done in three steps (before, immediately, and six weeks later to interposition). Processing of the data was carried out by SPSS version16 and ANOVA was used to compare the groups. Results: The mean scores of the two groups were matched based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM). The scores after the intervention in both nutritional behaviors and Pender’s HPM components improved as compared to control group (p <0.001). Conclusion: There was significant difference between the scores on various components after the Pender’s HPM based nutritional education on nutritional behavior of pregnant women in the study group as compared to control group. © 2018, Postgraduate Medical Institute. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"hamadan",257,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1280,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hamadan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1280,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Iran"},"IranHamadan",33,4,1]
["Shagiwal, S. S., Schop-Etman, A., Bergwerff, I., Vrencken, W. and Denktaş, S.",2018,"The BeHealthyR Study: A randomized trial of a multicomponent intervention to reduce stress, smoking and improve financial health of low-income residents in Rotterdam","Background: Compared to higher socioeconomic status (SES) groups, those in lower SES groups are financially strained, experience higher rates of smoking-related morbidity, are in poorer health and have reduced life expectancy. This is especially true for the city of Rotterdam, where a large inequality in health is observed between low and high SES groups. The BeHealthyR study (Dutch: Grip en Gezondheid) is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) which will evaluate the impact of a theory-based multicomponent behavior intervention aiming to reduce stress, smoking, and improve financial health by means of a group-based stress management program combining cognitive and behavioral techniques, and nudges in low-SES residents living in Rotterdam. Methods: The BeHealthyR study is a three-arm RCT. Between February 2018 and July 2019, low-SES participants who perceive stress, smoke, are financially strained and reside in Rotterdam (one of the four largest cities in The Netherlands) are recruited. Subsequently, participants are randomly assigned to either a stress management condition (SM), stress management with a buddy condition (SM-B) or a control condition (CC). Participants in the SM and SM-B conditions will attend four weekly group sessions (1.5 h/session) and a follow-up session eight weeks later. The SM condition includes psychoeducation and exercises, and cognitive and behavioral intervention techniques. Demographic data and objective measures will be collected at baseline (T0), four weeks post-baseline (T1), and twelve weeks post-baseline (T2). Primary outcome measures are to reduce stress, smoking and improve financial health. We hypothesize that low-SES participants in the intervention conditions, compared with those in the control condition, will experience less stress, smoke less and have improved financial health. Discussion: This study is a group-based intervention which aims to investigate the effects of a theory-based behavioral change intervention employing several components on reducing stress, smoking, and improving financial health in low-SES residents living in Rotterdam. If effective, the findings from the present study will serve to inform future directions of research and clinical practice with regard to behavioral change interventions for low-SES groups. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03553979). Registered on January 1 2018. © 2018 The Author(s).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","stress and smoking",1,7,2,"education and behariour change",1,"research",7,0,0,"rotterdam",173,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1281,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rotterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1281,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsRotterdam",30,3,0]
["Furuie, W., Endo, J., Otani, Y., Nakamura, Y., Akaza, M., Sasano, T., Sumi, Y., Miyazaki, Y. and Inase, N.",2017,"Reference values of MostGraph (forced oscillation technique) for healthy Japanese adults","Background: MostGraph is one of the forced oscillation technique devices mainly used in Japan. However, the reference values in healthy Japanese adults have not been not established. Objective(s): The aim of this study was to establish predictive equations and reference ranges of MostGraph measures for healthy Japanese adults. Method(s): Healthy subjects were recruited from the visitors for a medical checkup at the health examination center of Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital and from healthy volunteers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University. They underwent forced oscillation technique using MostGraph-01, exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) measurement, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Subjects with elevated FeNO or abnormal PFTs were excluded. Finally, 79 subjects (41 men, ages 18-72 years; 38 women, ages 21-73 years) were analyzed. The parameters were transformed into normal distribution using a Box-Cox transformation. We created predictive equations for R5, R20, X5, Fres, and ALX of the MostGraph parameters using age, height, and weight as explanatory variables. Result(s): The logarithm of male R5 and R20 revealed nomal distributions. The square root of ALX revealed nomal distributions in both male and female. The predictive equations +/- standard deviation x 2 are shown in the table below. Conclusion(s): We established predictive equations and reference ranges of MostGraph measures for healthy Japanese adults. (Table Presented).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",2,0,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"multiple",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1282,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1282,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",35,4,1]
["Fuller, C. W., Ørntoft, C., Larsen, M. N., Elbe, A. M., Ottesen, L., Junge, A., Dvorak, J. and Krustrup, P.",2017,"'FIFA 11 for Health' for Europe. 1: Effect on health knowledge and well-being of 10- to 12-year-old Danish school children","Aim To modify the 'FIFA 11 for Health' programme to the European situation, and to assess its effects on health knowledge and well-being in Danish school children. Method A two-cohort study with seven intervention and two control schools. Of the 546 Danish children (boys 269; girls 277) of mean age 11.1 (±0.4) years from five city and four country-side schools, 402 undertook the 'FIFA 11 for Health' programme and 144 acted as controls. As part of each school's PE curriculum, seven intervention schools received a 45 min Play Football period (football skills and 3 vs 3 games) and a 45 min Play Fair period (health issues and football drills) on a weekly-basis for 11 weeks. Control participants continued with their regular school PE activities. Participants completed preintervention and postintervention health knowledge and well-being questionnaires. Results Overall, health knowledge increase was significantly (p<0.05) greater for the intervention group (11.9%) than the control group (2.6%). Significant (p<0.05) between-group differences were obtained for 8 of 10 health topics (6.1-20.2%) related to physical activity, nutrition, hygiene and well-being. The social dimension of the well-being questionnaire was significantly (p<0.05) improved in the intervention group compared to the control group, but there were no significant between-group effects for the physical, emotional and school dimensions. Positive reporting about the programme was given by 72.4% of the children and only 4.8% reported negatively. Conclusions The 'FIFA 11 for Health' programme modified for Europe demonstrated positive effects on children's health knowledge and social dimension of well-being, thereby providing evidence that the football-based health education programme can be used effectively within a European school's curriculum to increase physical activity, well-being and health knowledge. © Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1283,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1283,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Fuller, C. W., Orntoft, C., Larsen, M. N., Elbe, A. M., Ottesen, L., Junge, A., Dvorak, J. and Krustrup, P.",2017,"'FIFA 11 for Health' for Europe. 1: effect on health knowledge and well-being of 10- to 12-year-old Danish school children","AIM: To modify the 'FIFA 11 for Health' programme to the European situation, and to assess its effects on health knowledge and well-being in Danish school children. METHOD: A two-cohort study with seven intervention and two control schools. Of the 546 Danish children (boys 269; girls 277) of mean age 11.1 (+/-0.4) years from five city and four country-side schools, 402 undertook the 'FIFA 11 for Health' programme and 144 acted as controls. As part of each school's PE curriculum, seven intervention schools received a 45 min Play Football period (football skills and 3 vs 3 games) and a 45 min Play Fair period (health issues and football drills) on a weekly-basis for 11 weeks. Control participants continued with their regular school PE activities. Participants completed preintervention and postintervention health knowledge and well-being questionnaires. RESULTS: Overall, health knowledge increase was significantly (p<0.05) greater for the intervention group (11.9%) than the control group (2.6%). Significant (p<0.05) between-group differences were obtained for 8 of 10 health topics (6.1-20.2%) related to physical activity, nutrition, hygiene and well-being. The social dimension of the well-being questionnaire was significantly (p<0.05) improved in the intervention group compared to the control group, but there were no significant between-group effects for the physical, emotional and school dimensions. Positive reporting about the programme was given by 72.4% of the children and only 4.8% reported negatively. CONCLUSIONS: The 'FIFA 11 for Health' programme modified for Europe demonstrated positive effects on children's health knowledge and social dimension of well-being, thereby providing evidence that the football-based health education programme can be used effectively within a European school's curriculum to increase physical activity, well-being and health knowledge. Copyright Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.","n","duplicate",null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1284,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1284,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Frye, Victoria, Paige, Mark Q., Gordon, Steven, Matthews, David, Musgrave, Geneva, Kornegay, Mark, Greene, Emily, Phelan, Jo C., Koblin, Beryl A. and Taylor-Akutagawa, Vaughn",2017,"Developing a community-level anti-HIV/AIDS stigma and homophobia intervention in New York City: The project CHHANGE model","HIV/AIDS stigma and homophobia are associated with significant negative health and social outcomes among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and those at risk of infection. Interventions to decrease HIV stigma have focused on providing information and education, changing attitudes and values, and increasing contact with people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), activities that act to reduce stereotyped beliefs and prejudice, as well as acts of discrimination. Most anti-homophobia interventions have focused on bullying reduction and have been implemented at the secondary and post-secondary education levels. Few interventions address HIV stigma and homophobia and operate at the community level. Project CHHANGE, Challenge HIV Stigma and Homophobia and Gain Empowerment, was a community-level, multi-component anti-HIV/AIDS stigma and homophobia intervention designed to reduce HIV stigma and homophobia thus increasing access to HIV prevention and treatment access. The theory-based intervention included three primary components: workshops and trainings with local residents, businesses and community-based organizations (CBO); space-based events at a CBO-partner drop-in storefront and \"pop-up\" street-based events and outreach; and a bus shelter ad campaign. This paper describes the intervention design process, resultant intervention and the study team's experiences working with the community. We conclude that CHHANGE was feasible and acceptable to the community. Promoting the labeling of gay and/or HIV-related \"space\" as a non-stigmatized, community resource, as well as providing opportunities for residents to have contact with targeted groups and to understand how HIV stigma and homophobia relate to HIV/AIDS prevalence in their neighborhood may be crucial components of successful anti-stigma and discrimination programming. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1285,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":2},1,null,1,null,0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1285,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1285,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Fritz, P. J., Irwin, K. and Bouza, L.",2017,"Using a Community Workshop Model to Initiate Policy, Systems, and Environmental Change That Support Active Living in Indiana, 2014-2015","BACKGROUND: Engaging in regular physical activity reduces the likelihood of developing chronic diseases. A community's rates of physical activity are directly connected to its built environment characteristics, which correspondingly affect the chronic disease prevalence of its population. Community planning and design interventions can increase levels of physical activity and reduce chronic disease rates by identifying and removing environmental and policy barriers that may hinder active living. COMMUNITY CONTEXT: Community stakeholder groups of various sizes and in various settings in Indiana are beginning to make changes to their policies, systems, and environments to increase levels of physical activity for residents. METHODS: We conducted day-long active living workshops in cities and towns in Indiana to help organize and support public officials, community-based organizations, and advocates in their efforts to promote policy, system, and environmental (PSE) changes that lead to more active communities. OUTCOME: We found that following a consistent process of holding a community workshop and then conducting ongoing follow-up activities led to PSE changes within 1 year. Communities that hosted active living workshops created identifiable changes by supporting active living goals through policy adoption, the creation of new advisory committees, and new local funding allocations. INTERPRETATION: The collaborative approach in the workshop provides a successful model for communities to build capacity to implement PSE strategies that support active living. This method requires various community stakeholders to work closely together, using a shared approach to make changes that would be difficult to achieve if they were working independently.","n",null,null,"Journal Article"," ",{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1286,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1286,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"+V1286&U1286","v":"0no city or multiple cities stated"}]
["Frescoln, Kirstin, Nguyen, Mai Thi, Rohe, William and Webb, Michael",2017,"I was scared over there. Family well-being after relocation from a distressed public housing development","This study examines changes in well-being among families relocated from the Boulevard Homes public housing development in Charlotte, North Carolina. Prior to demolition, Boulevard Homes had high rates of violence, drug use, and teen pregnancy relative to other neighborhoods in the city. Households were relocated to another public housing development or to private-market housing with a voucher and were provided case management services for up to five years. Fifty-five percent of those living in Boulevard Homes were children under the age of 19 years. Methodology: This study utilizes mixed-methods and a socio-ecological approach to understanding the context of adverse childhood experiences, while living in a distressed public housing development. We asked how well-being was affected five years after relocation. Quantitative methods examine which variables of interest were most affected by the move and associated with an improvement in overall quality of life. Semi-structured interviews conducted in 2015 contextualize the quantitative findings. Results: Both the quantitative and qualitative data indicate that relocation resulted in significant improvements in perceptions of safety amongst those individuals who stated their life was \"much better\" than when they lived in Boulevard Homes. Parents cited safety and well-being concerns for their children when discussing the positive outcomes of the move. Discussion: Results confirm previous housing mobility studies -- providing quality housing in safe neighborhoods improves well-being. To break the cycle of adverse childhood experiences and poverty leading to health disparities, communities must seek to improve living conditions of vulnerable populations while providing services to increase economic mobility.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"housing",2,null,0,0,0,"charlotte (North carolina)",46,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1287,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Charlotte"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1287,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaCharlotte",1,1,0]
["Freire, Wilma B., Waters, William F., Rivas-Mariño, Gabriela, Nguyen, Tien, Rivas, Patricio and Rivas-Mariño, Gabriela",2017,"A qualitative study of consumer perceptions and use of traffic light food labelling in Ecuador","Objective: To analyse patterns of knowledge, comprehension, attitudes and practices regarding the traffic light label placed on processed food packages to inform Ecuadorian consumers about levels of added fat, sugar and salt.Design: Twenty-one focus group discussions organized by age group, sex and place of residence. Interviews with representatives of companies that manufacture or market processed foods. Analysis of regulations and structured observations of processed food labels.Setting: Cities and towns in Ecuador's coastal, highland and eastern lowland regions.Subjects: One hundred and seventy-eight participants in twenty-one focus group discussions and nine key informants.Results: Focus group participants knew about the traffic light label and understood the information it conveys, but not all changed their attitudes and practices related to the purchase and consumption of processed foods. Children, adolescents and adult males reported using the information infrequently; adolescents interested in health and adult women used the label the most to select products. Representatives of companies that manufacture or market processed foods generally opposed the policy, stating that the information is misleading. Nevertheless, some companies have reduced levels of added fat, sugar or salt in their products.Conclusions: The traffic light label is an effective tool for conveying complex information. Its potential contribution to reduce consumption of products with high levels of fat, sugar and salt could be enhanced by promoting healthy diets among consumers who have not changed purchasing and consumption behaviour, by placing the label on front panels and by monitoring the production and marketing of processed foods.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1288,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":4},2,"food labelling",1,null,0,0,0,"numerous",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1288,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1288,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",65,2,0]
["Freire, W. B., Waters, W. F., Rivas-Mariño, G., Nguyen, T. and Rivas, P.",2017,"A qualitative study of consumer perceptions and use of traffic light food labelling in Ecuador","Objective To analyse patterns of knowledge, comprehension, attitudes and practices regarding the traffic light label placed on processed food packages to inform Ecuadorian consumers about levels of added fat, sugar and salt. Design Twenty-one focus group discussions organized by age group, sex and place of residence. Interviews with representatives of companies that manufacture or market processed foods. Analysis of regulations and structured observations of processed food labels. Setting Cities and towns in Ecuador's coastal, highland and eastern lowland regions. Subjects One hundred and seventy-eight participants in twenty-one focus group discussions and nine key informants. Results Focus group participants knew about the traffic light label and understood the information it conveys, but not all changed their attitudes and practices related to the purchase and consumption of processed foods. Children, adolescents and adult males reported using the information infrequently; adolescents interested in health and adult women used the label the most to select products. Representatives of companies that manufacture or market processed foods generally opposed the policy, stating that the information is misleading. Nevertheless, some companies have reduced levels of added fat, sugar or salt in their products. Conclusions The traffic light label is an effective tool for conveying complex information. Its potential contribution to reduce consumption of products with high levels of fat, sugar and salt could be enhanced by promoting healthy diets among consumers who have not changed purchasing and consumption behaviour, by placing the label on front panels and by monitoring the production and marketing of processed foods. Copyright © 2016 The Authors.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1289,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1289,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Freire, W. B., Waters, W. F., Rivas-Marino, G., Nguyen, T. and Rivas, P.",2017,"A qualitative study of consumer perceptions and use of traffic light food labelling in Ecuador","OBJECTIVE: To analyse patterns of knowledge, comprehension, attitudes and practices regarding the traffic light label placed on processed food packages to inform Ecuadorian consumers about levels of added fat, sugar and salt. DESIGN: Twenty-one focus group discussions organized by age group, sex and place of residence. Interviews with representatives of companies that manufacture or market processed foods. Analysis of regulations and structured observations of processed food labels. SETTING: Cities and towns in Ecuador's coastal, highland and eastern lowland regions. SUBJECTS: One hundred and seventy-eight participants in twenty-one focus group discussions and nine key informants. RESULTS: Focus group participants knew about the traffic light label and understood the information it conveys, but not all changed their attitudes and practices related to the purchase and consumption of processed foods. Children, adolescents and adult males reported using the information infrequently; adolescents interested in health and adult women used the label the most to select products. Representatives of companies that manufacture or market processed foods generally opposed the policy, stating that the information is misleading. Nevertheless, some companies have reduced levels of added fat, sugar or salt in their products. CONCLUSIONS: The traffic light label is an effective tool for conveying complex information. Its potential contribution to reduce consumption of products with high levels of fat, sugar and salt could be enhanced by promoting healthy diets among consumers who have not changed purchasing and consumption behaviour, by placing the label on front panels and by monitoring the production and marketing of processed foods.","n","duplciate",null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1290,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1290,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Franzoni, L., Crafa, P., Bertele, A., Corrente, V., Grillo, S., Landi, S., Miraglia, C., Scida, S. and Di Mario, F.",2017,"Raising public awareness of GI disease: An innovative strategy for a national campaign","Disease prevention and high public awareness are fundamental to reduce morbidity, mortality and health-related costs. Goals of our campaign are: to raise awareness about GI diseases, risk factors, symptoms; to convince people to change behavior and to prompt them with concerns to visit doctors as early as possible; to facilitate communication between healthcare providers and population. We organized population-based events in Parma and neighbouring Cities, during which: giant inflatable anatomical models were installed; educational panels were set and explained, both inside and outside the models; videos illustrating endoscopic exams and histopathology examinations were discussed; clinical cases were simulated. Specialists in Gastroenterology, Anatomic Pathology, Radiology, Surgery, Biochemistry, Nutrition, together with pre-and post-graduate Students, discussed various topics: dyspepsia, gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, GERD, cirrhosis, hepatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal polyp and polyposis, GI cancer, food allergy and intolerance, optimal nutrition in health and disease. 120 people were examined by ultrasonography. Municipality and Civil Society were also involved to ensure organizational efficiency. The event in Parma lasted two full days and was attended by about 3000 people. In neighbouring Cities the events lasted one day; therefore the number of participants was lower, but satisfactory. We started an innovative strategy of raising public awareness, focused on multidisciplinary team, scientific rigor but simple words, people attraction. The interactive approach and the environment out of health-care centres facilitated population to feel comfortable and eager to learn. This strategy seems promising, we are refining the model for a national campaign.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","gastro disease",1,0,2,"education",1,null,0,0,0,"Parma",308,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1291,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Parma"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1291,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Italy"},"ItalyParma",34,3,1]
["Franzoni, L., Crafa, P., Bertele, A., Corrente, V., Grillo, S., Landi, S., Miraglia, C., Scida, S. and Di Mario, F.",2017,"Raising public awareness of gastrointestinal diseases: An innovative strategy for a national campaign","Introduction: Disease prevention and high public awareness are fundamental to reduce morbidity, mortality and health-related costs. Extensive research led to identification of causes of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, nevertheless it is still difficult to get population involved. The goals of our pilot campaign are: (a) to raise awareness about GI diseases, risk factors, signs, symptoms, in order to convince people to change behavior and to prompt them with concerns to visit doctors as early as possible; (b) to facilitate communication between healthcare providers and population; (c) to determine the knowledge of health personnel about the appropriate diagnostic investigations. Any information we can share may also benefit patients and their families, in recognition of the many people who suffer with the pain and discomfort caused by GI disorders. Aims & Methods: We organized population-based events, out of health facilities, during which: (a) giant inflatable anatomical models of GI organs that can be visited inside, were installed; (b) educational panels and brochures were set and explained both inside and outside the models; (c) videos illustrating endoscopic exams and histopathology examinations were projected and discussed; (d) clinical cases, also mimicking patient encounter, were simulated. Results: We started an innovative strategy focused on the keywords: multidisciplinary team, scientific rigor but simple words, people attraction, curiosity inducing communication, in Parma and neighbouring Cities. Specialists in Gastroenterology, Anatomic Pathology, Radiology, Surgery, Biochemistry, Nutrition, together with pre- and post-graduate Students, discussed various aspects of gastrointestinal diseases. Selected people were examined by ultrasonography. Municipality and civil society were also involved to ensure organizational efficiency. The most discussed topics regarded dyspepsia, gastritis, helicobacter pylori infection, gastroesophageal reflux disease, alcohol abuse, cirrhosis, hepatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal polyp and polyposis, GI cancer, food allergy and intolerance, optimal nutrition in health and disease. The event performed in the main square of Parma lasted two full consecutive days and was attended by about 3,000 people, most of which also filled a questionnaire. A total of 120 ultrasound examinations were performed. In neighbouring Cities the events were organized for one day; as a consequence, the number of participants was lower in proportion, but very satisfactory. Conclusion: The events were educational and enjoyable for all age groups. The interactive approach and the environment out of health-care centres facilitated population to feel comfortable and eager to learn, as well as clinical cases simulation provided a valuable entertaining experience. This strategy of raising public awareness of GI diseases seems promising, we are refining the model for a national campaign.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1292,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1292,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Franco, Manuel, Gullón, Pedro and Carreño, Víctor",2017,"Studying city life, improving population health",null,"y",null,null,"Journal Article",null,1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,null,0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1293,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1293,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Foote, M., Daver, R. and Quinn, C.",2017,"Using \"Mystery Patient\" Drills to Assess Hospital Ebola Preparedness in New York City, 2014-2015","In response to the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa, rapid measures were taken to ensure readiness at frontline New York City (NYC) healthcare facilities, including mandating monthly EVD mystery patient drills to test screening protocols. This study analyzed after-action reports to describe the use of mystery patient drills to test rapid identification and isolation of potential EVD cases in NYC emergency departments. NYC hospitals were required to develop protocols for EVD screening and isolation, and to conduct drills with an actor presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of EVD. Fifty-five hospitals that participate in NYC's hospital preparedness program were invited to submit after-action reports summarizing at least 1 drill conducted between October 2014 and April 2015. Summary statistics were generated from reported quantitative measures. Report narratives were reviewed, coded, extracted, and analyzed to identify strengths and challenges experienced. Forty-five hospitals submitted after-action reports (82%). The median time from patient entry to isolation was 9 minutes and from isolation to evaluation was 14 minutes. Recurrent strengths included consistent travel history screening and compliance with infection control protocols. Themes for improvement included ensuring timely screening, staff competency with personal protective equipment (PPE), and clarifying notification procedures and staff roles. Mystery patient drills gave hospitals the means to test screening and isolation protocols and identify key gaps, such as competency-based training in PPE, to improve their capacity to respond to highly communicable diseases. Findings from this study will inform the development of a standardized mystery patient drill program.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","ebola",2,0,1,null,3,null,3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1294,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1294,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Faherty, Georgia and Gaulton, Liz",2017,"Working together to reduce health inequalities in the Marmot City of Coventry","In 2013, organisations across the city of Coventry commited to work together to reduce differences in health outcomes between the most affluent and most deprived areas of the city. Coventry was one of seven cities in the UK to become a Marmot City and received national expertise and support to reduce health inequalities. Coventry City Council and other public and voluntary sector organisations delivered projects and interventions, and designed new ways of working to rapidly improve health inequalities. Since Coventry became a Marmot City, the life expectancy gap between the most affluent and most deprived has narrowed. Educational development, health outcomes, life satisfaction and employment have improved, while crime in priority locations has reduced. Organisations in Coventry, including businesses, continue to work together as part of a Marmot City. Future priorities include building resilience in young people and ensuring that economic growth in Coventry benefits the most disadvantaged residents.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health inequalities",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1295,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":3},2,null,0,null,2,0,0,"coventry",275,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1295,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"coventry"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1295,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandcoventry",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1295,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1295,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Yang, J., Hong, Y. and Ma, S.",2016,"Impact of the new health care reform on hospital expenditure in China: A case study from a pilot city","This study evaluates the preliminary effects of the new healthcare reform plan for hospital expenditures in China. Cross-sectional patient-level data are used for the analysis. We employ an endogenous switching regression model to account for heterogeneity and sample selection. The results show that the reform plan can significantly reduce total hospitalization expenses and medication fees for patients who select the pilot hospital. It may exert inadequate control over inspection fees, but as the advance of the reform, the control is likely to improve gradually. Our findings underscore the importance of realigning incentives for healthcare providers in China. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1296,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1296,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Turnhout, Sven, Feliksdal, Dieke and Minkman, Mirella",2016,"Citizens as partners in integrated care","Introduction: In the Netherlands, citizens increasingly stand up to develop initiatives with each other in the community that attributes to to iving at home longer. One of the ways by which they achieve this, is by organizing health and welfare services themselves, for and by citizens, bases on engagement and reciprocity. Vilans recognized a trend in the rise of these citizens initiatives in (long term) health care, social care and welfare. Since February 2015, the number of citizens' initiatives in which citizens organise their own welfare and health services rapidly increased from 63, up to a total of 174 initiatives today. What lies underneath this development and these initiatives? How do they work? Are there different perspectives of the involved people about the initiatives? To gain insight into the values of the different stakeholders groups involved around a citizens' initiative for healthcare and welfare, Vilans has conducted narrative research in 2015 in two sites. Also, Vilans made an inventory of all initiatives in the Netherlands. Theory/methods: Through a qualitative multiple-case study, we conducted narrative research at two different citizens' initiatives for healthcare and welfare in Lierop (village) and Zoetermeer (city). For each initiative, we collected stories from various stakeholders; 1.) directors/initiators 2.) volunteers/providers 3.) care recipients 4.) external stakeholders such as local authorities or health care professionals. Based on the methodology of narrative research, the stories have been interpreted together with the groups in workshops. The values have been identified and prioritized. In addition, the stakeholders have outlined distinctive characters per citizens' initiative. Progress report: In our study, 171 stories have been collected at the two citizens' initiatives. These stories served as inspiration and insight for identifying and prioritizing the values in each group. This has resulted in the three most important values per group per initiative. In addition, the groups have outlined 4 distinctive characters per citizens' initiative, which provide insight into the perspectives of the stakeholders towards the initiative. The results show the initiatives are relevant and new stakeholders in integrated care, who are only on the starting point of their development. Discussion: The study results show that the two investigated citizens' initiatives in healthcare and welfare are both different and unique, but the study mainly shows merely similarities concerning key values. The boards of both initiatives have prioritized values which are directed towards stimulation, self-direction? and willingness. No conflicting value types have been named by the different stakeholders within the citizens' initiatives or between the two initiatives although the initiatives differ in their appearance. The prioritised values of the different groups in both citizens' initiatives were focussing on growth and development. Citizen initiatives develop and gain new tasks: first experiences with purchasing care and delivering care by the initiatives are running. Conclusion: The role of citizens organizing themselves brings a new dimension in integrated care. As new players their voice of the local people changes collaboration in the health and social care. The initiatives are developing themselves, have common values as health and social care professionals in integrated care and want to collaborate with 'formal care'. How to do this and which roles to fulfill (for instance purchasing care) are new challenges to discover the coming years in the already 176 initiatives. The narrative research method was an intensive but effective method for collecting experiences in different groups through new collaborations. The respondents were enthusiastic about participation because the research helped them in the conversation and further collaboration with each other. The joint designation of experiences and values by different groups supports new and existing collaborations within the citizens' initiatives. The ound similarities and differences in the values of the initiatives can be further developed and serve as a key content for further cooperation between citizens' initiatives, local authorities and care and/or welfare organizations.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","integration",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1297,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":46},2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1297,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1297,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1297,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Normile, D.",2016,"China rethinks cities",null,"n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1298,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1298,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Nogueira, H.",2016,"What is happening to health in the economic downturn? A view of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal","BACKGROUND: The economic downturn has introduced new social risks in the most affected countries with foreseeable negative consequences for health. AIM: To analyse changes in health and its socioeconomic inequalities between 2001-2011 in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA), Portugal. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study, conducted in the LMA neighbourhoods (n=207), examines the association between deprivation and premature mortality using standardised premature mortality ratios and a composite index of socioeconomic deprivation. The association was observed by analysing the whole range of values, quintiles and deciles of the LMA population. Pearson coefficients and ANOVA were used to assess associations and variability between quintiles/deciles. RESULTS: The findings show that people living in extreme deprivation conditions increased (5.45%) and that increasing deprivation is associated with health degradation in specific groups. Between 2001-2011, premature mortality became more unequally distributed, increasing in the richest (1%) and median (12%) areas, even though socioeconomic inequalities in mortality decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Health degradation is selective, affecting mainly the middle class living in LMA; these 'newly deprived' people experience an increased risk, while the 'traditionally deprived' show no decrease in premature mortality. Therefore, social inequalities in health tend to decrease, but without health gains.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"lisbon",110,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1299,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Lisbon"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1299,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"portugal"},"portugalLisbon",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1299,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":3},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1299,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Nivedita",2016,"Knowledge, attitude, behaviour and practices (KABP) of the community and resultant IEC leading to behaviour change about dengue in Jodhpur city, Rajasthan","Background & objectives: In recent years dengue has been witnessed as an emerging public health problem. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in order to assess the knowledge, attitude, behaviour and practices (KABP) adopted by the society for its control and prevention. The changes in behaviour of community after imparting health education were also recorded to determine the effectiveness of information, education and communication (IEC) for dengue prevention and control in Jodhpur City of Rajasthan, India. Methods: A threefold study was conducted in Jodhpur City regarding KABP about dengue fever amongst the community. Out of 106 cases of dengue reported from Jodhpur City in the year 2008, only 20 households (HHs) could be located. Therefore, nine HHs around one dengue positive household were selected so as to cover the sample size of 200 HHs for eliciting information through structured recorded interview-schedule. Health education as provided through audiovisuals and group discussion etc. and resultant change in KABP was recorded again through interview of respondents from 100 households. Results: Prevention from dengue mosquito bites through mats and liquid vaporizer was known to 32 and 22% HHs respectively. Inhabitants of 87% HHs preferred to visit private health facility, 85% of HHs were not aware about the symptoms of dengue, while74% HHs stated that dengue mosquito breeds in dirty water. Awareness about source of mosquito breeding and source reduction was found to be very poor, i.e. 3 and 13% which improved to 78 and 88% respectively after undertaking IEC activities. Interpretation & conclusion: Being urban area, the economic condition and education level were somewhat similar and satisfactory in Jodhpur City. IEC resulted in significant improvement in knowledge about transmission, breeding habitats of mosquito transmitting dengue, source reduction and health treatment seeking behaviour at government facility. Through such mass awareness programmes in the communities, desired results in prevention and control of dengue transmission can be achieved. Copyright © 2016, Malaria Research Center. All rights reserved.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1300,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1300,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Nita, M. E., Mussolino, F., Vaz, P., Tolentino, A. C. and Riveros, B. S.",2016,"Analysis method of government health care in Brazilian municipalities, using public and official source","Objectives: Describe analysis method of municipalities public health care, from the use of public and official sources, through the case of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: We have performed a research looking for each of the Brazilian municipalities related to the population, private health insurance coverage, public financing, and public care, through public and official sources, such as: IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), ANS (National Agency Supplementary Health), SIOPS (Information System of the Public Budget in Healthcare) and DATASUS (Informatics Department of the Unified Health System - SUS), respectively. Results: The city of Rio de Janeiro represents 3% of the Brazilian population, with 6.4 million inhabitants. While Brazil has 25% of private health insurance coverage, the city of Rio de Janeiro has 54%. Considering that 15% is the minimum investment required from the municipalities revenue, Rio de Janeiro invests 17.9%, below Brazil's average (21.4%). 63% of the health expenditure of Rio de Janeiro are in inpatient and outpatient care, followed by 30% in primary care and 2% for administrative, and others. In 2014 there were 9 million Brazilians hospitalized in SUS, while in Rio de Janeiro there were 312,000, which means that, while Brazil has 59.2 inpatients per thousand inhabitants with exclusive access to the SUS, Rio de Janeiro has 104.9 inpatients depending on SUS. Conclusions: We have developed a strategy to identify needs, difficulties of access and opportunities for improvement in the Brazilian public health care system. This can impact access expansion strategies and the organization of healthcare services.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1301,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1301,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. and Khreis, H.",2016,"Car free cities: Pathway to healthy urban living","Background: Many cities across the world are beginning to shift their mobility solution away from the private cars and towards more environmentally friendly and citizen-focused means. Hamburg, Oslo, Helsinki, and Madrid have recently announced their plans to become (partly) private car free cities. Other cities like Paris, Milan, Chengdu, Masdar, Dublin, Brussels, Copenhagen, Bogota, and Hyderabad have measures that aim at reducing motorized traffic including implementing car free days, investing in cycling infrastructure and pedestrianization, restricting parking spaces and considerable increases in public transport provision. Such plans and measures are particularly implemented with the declared aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These reductions are also likely to benefit public health. Aims: We aimed to describe the plans for private car free cities and its likely effects on public health. Methods: We reviewed the grey and scientific literature on plans for private car free cities, restricted car use, related exposures and health. Results: An increasing number of cities are planning to become (partly) private car free. They mainly focus on the reduction of private car use in city centers. The likely effects of such policies are significant reductions in traffic-related air pollution, noise, and temperature in city centers. For example, up to a 40% reduction in NO<inf>2</inf> levels has been reported on car free days. These reductions are likely to lead to a reduction in premature mortality and morbidity. Furthermore the reduction in the number of cars, and therefore a reduction in the need for parking places and road space, provides opportunities to increase green space and green networks in cities, which in turn can lead to many beneficial health effects. All these measures are likely to lead to higher levels of active mobility and physical activity which may improve public health the most and also provide more opportunities for people to interact with each other in public space. Furthermore, such initiatives, if undertaken at a sufficiently large scale can result in positive distal effects and climate change mitigation through CO<inf>2</inf> reductions. The potential negative effects which may arise due to motorized traffic detouring around car free zone into their destinations also need further evaluation and the areas in which car free zones are introduced need to be given sufficient attention so as not to become an additional way to exacerbate socioeconomic divides. The extent and magnitude of all the above effects is still unclear and needs further research, including full chain health impact assessment modeling to quantify the potential health benefits of such schemes, and exposure and epidemiological studies to measure any changes when such interventions take place. Conclusions: The introduction of private car free cities is likely to have direct and indirect health benefits, but the exact magnitude and potential conflicting effects are as yet unclear. This paper has overviewed the expected health impacts, which can be useful to underpin policies to reduce car use in cities. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","car free cities",1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"multiple",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1302,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1302,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,2]
["Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J.",2016,"Urban and transport planning, environmental exposures and health-new concepts, methods and tools to improve health in cities","Background: The majority of people live in cities and urbanization is continuing worldwide. Cities have long been known to be society's predominant engine of innovation and wealth creation, yet they are also a main source of pollution and disease. Methods: We conducted a review around the topic urban and transport planning, environmental exposures and health and describe the findings. Results: Within cities there is considerable variation in the levels of environmental exposures such as air pollution, noise, temperature and green space. Emerging evidence suggests that urban and transport planning indicators such as road network, distance to major roads, and traffic density, household density, industry and natural and green space explain a large proportion of the variability. Personal behavior including mobility adds further variability to personal exposures, determines variability in green space and UV exposure, and can provide increased levels of physical activity. Air pollution, noise and temperature have been associated with adverse health effects including increased morbidity and premature mortality, UV and green space with both positive and negative health effects and physical activity with many health benefits. In many cities there is still scope for further improvement in environmental quality through targeted policies. Making cities 'green and healthy' goes far beyond simply reducing CO2 emissions. Environmental factors are highly modifiable, and environmental interventions at the community level, such as urban and transport planning, have been shown to be promising and more cost effective than interventions at the individual level. However, the urban environment is a complex interlinked system. Decision-makers need not only better data on the complexity of factors in environmental and developmental processes affecting human health, but also enhanced understanding of the linkages to be able to know at which level to target their actions. New research tools, methods and paradigms such as geographical information systems, smartphones, and other GPS devices, small sensors to measure environmental exposures, remote sensing and the exposome paradigm together with citizens observatories and science and health impact assessment can now provide this information.Conclusion: While in cities there are often silos of urban planning, mobility and transport, parks and green space,environmental department, (public) health department that do not work together well enough, multi-sectorial approaches are needed to tackle the environmental problems. The city of the future needs to be a green city, a social city, an active city, a healthy city. Copyright © 2016 Nieuwenhuijsen.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"multiple",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1303,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1303,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Ngomba, A. V., Kollo, B., Bita, A. F., Djouma, F. N., Edengue, J. M., Elongue, M. J. and Adiogo, D.",2016,"Immunization programme in urban areas in cameroon: A case study of the djoungolo health district. [French]","Introduction: Cameroon's cities have a growing concentration of target children not adequately covered by routine immunization programmes. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study, based on exhaustive sampling of legal health care facilities offering routine immunization services in the health district of Djoungolo (city of Yaounde). The evaluation of the immunization programmes was based on the \"Reaching Every District\" approach. Results: Out of the 70 health care facilities that participated in the study, 3 (4.3%) had an updated microplan for routine immunization. Out of the 63 (89.4%) health care facilities with functional refrigerator, 12 (19.0%) vaccinated employing a fixed strategy on daily basis. Fifty-seven (81.0%) health care facilities did not conduct immunization sessions employing advanced strategy. Community participation in routine immunization programs was effective in 1 out of 12 districts health areas. A steadily updated vaccine tracking curve was available in 6 (8.5%) health facilities. Conclusion: The \"Reaching Every District\" approach implemented in Djoungolo health care district doesn't provide adequate coverage of a maximum rate of targeted children. The effectiveness of realistic microplanning, the regularity of vaccination sessions employing fixed and advanced strategies, action-oriented data monitoring, community revitalization plan to promote immunization are ways to improve the provision of vaccination services in this district. Copyright © Armelle Viviane Ngomba et al.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1304,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1304,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Neven, D., Paulozzi, L., Howell, D., McPherson, S., Murphy, S. M., Grohs, B., Marsh, L., Lederhos, C. and Roll, J.",2016,"A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Citywide Emergency Department Care Coordination Program to Reduce Prescription Opioid Related Emergency Department Visits","Background Increasing prescription overdose deaths have demonstrated the need for safer emergency department (ED) prescribing practices for patients who are frequent ED users. Objectives We hypothesized that the care of frequent ED users would improve using a citywide care coordination program combined with an ED care coordination information system, as measured by fewer ED visits by and decreased controlled substance prescribing to these patients. Methods We conducted a multisite randomized controlled trial (RCT) across all EDs in a metropolitan area; 165 patients with the most ED visits for complaints of pain were randomized. For the treatment arm, drivers of ED use were identified by medical record review. Patients and their primary care providers were contacted by phone. Each patient was discussed at a community multidisciplinary meeting where recommendations for ED care were formed. The ED care recommendations were stored in an ED information exchange system that faxed them to the treating ED provider when the patient presented to the ED. The control arm was subjected to treatment as usual. Results The intervention arm experienced a 34% decrease (incident rate ratios = 0.66, p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval 0.57–0.78) in ED visits and an 80% decrease (odds ratio = 0.21, p = 0.001) in the odds of receiving an opioid prescription from the ED relative to the control group. Declines of 43.7%, 53.1%, 52.9%, and 53.1% were observed in the treatment group for morphine milligram equivalents, controlled substance pills, prescriptions, and prescribers, respectively. Conclusion This RCT showed the effectiveness of a citywide ED care coordination program in reducing ED visits and controlled substance prescribing. © 2016 The Author(s)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","drugs and alcohol",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1305,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":13},2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1305,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1305,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,1]
["Nct",2016,"Trial of a Multi-pronged Intervention to Address Prevention of Violence in Zambia","Aims: 1. To test the effectiveness of a multi‐pronged intervention in reducing and preventing violence against women and children compared to a treatment as usual control group among families living in Lusaka, Zambia. 2. To test the effectiveness of a multi‐pronged intervention compared to a treatment as usual control group in reducing identified risk factors of violence including alcohol use, mental health problems, poor parenting skills, and family communication and behavior patterns. Design Overview: This is a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a multipronged intervention in reducing violence against women and girls/youth (VAWG) by addressing a number of identified risk factors (e.g., childhood abuse, domestic violence, alcohol use). 168 families from compounds (i.e. communities) in the city of Lusaka will be randomized to either control or experimental condition. An adult male, adult female, and one child from each family will be a \"unit\" and participate in the study. Child participation is optional (i.e., the adult male and female in the family unit may participate if they don't have children or do not provide permission for a child to participate). The experimental intervention, a cognitive behavioral therapy‐based psychotherapy (CETA) focuses on alcohol abuse and gender‐specific violence, and addresses mental health, abuse, parenting skills, family communication and behavior patterns. There may be conjoint sessions that include both caregiver(s) and child(ren), when and if possible. During the 4‐5 month intervention period there will be three group sessions per week: one for a male group, one group for women, and one group for children. Each counseling group will have approximately six group members. The intervention is designed this way due to research supporting multi‐modal treatments, and to model how organizations are likely to incorporate a program to prevent violence into its regular services (i.e., group‐based vs. individual sessions). The primary outcomes of the study are severity of violence against women and children. Secondary outcomes include alcohol use aggression, mental and behavioral health and gender norms. The control condition is defined as 'treatment as usual'. In Zambia, there are no formal services or standard of care for alcohol use problems or domestic violence. There are, however, organizations (such as non‐governmental organizations) operating in Lusaka that provide intermittent services for these types of problems. Some families receive informal counseling from parish priests or other leaders in the communities. In this study investigators are therefore defining these types of informal services as 'treatment‐as‐usual.' Investigators will closely track the type, number, and degree of these kinds of services that all participants receive and access. Following the conclusion of the study, investigators will offer the CETA intervention to control families if it has been found to be safe and effective. Participants: Participants will be family units consisting of three individuals: an adult woman, her husband or partner, and one identified child if the adult couple chooses to include a child in the study (children may be male or female, ages 8‐17, and should be described by the adult female as the child most affected by violence). The families will be recruited from urban communities (compounds) in Lusaka where violence and alcohol abuse are known to be problems. A family will be included in the study if the adult female indicates in a brief screener a moderate amount of violence within the family as measured by scoring a 38 or more on the Severity of Violence Against Women Scale (SVAWS). The male in the family must also indicate that he drinks alcohol at hazardous levels and/or the female must indicate that the male drinks alcohol at hazardous levels as evidenced by a score of 8 or higher on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). The man and the woman must agree to participate in the study in order for the family to be el gible. The participation of the child is optional. The parents may decide to participate but not provide permission for the parents' child to participate. The child may also choose not to participate him/herself. In either case, the parents may still be included in the study without the child. Recruitment: Study participants will be recruited from urban communities through several methods. The primary method of recruitment will be outreach by CETA counselors. The CETA counselors who are recruited and trained by Johns Hopkins University (JHU) and Serenity Harm Reduction Programme Zambia (SHARPZ) to conduct the interventions have deep ties within the communities and have knowledge of families that may benefit from the intervention. The CETA facilitator will go door‐to‐door and approach families in the community that s/he thinks can benefit from the intervention. This is the current standard procedure for the similar programs run through SHARPZ in other Lusaka communities. The counselor will ask the family if there is a time the family could meet privately to discuss the study and the CETA services. The meeting will take place at a time and place that is convenient for the family. Investigators will provide the CETA facilitators with a recruitment script to give an overview of the study and CETA intervention to the family. Investigators will also include three other recruitment strategies as necessary. One of these additional strategies will be through church‐based and community leader outreach efforts in the compounds. In Lusaka, community leaders in the compounds are often associated with the local churches. Investigators will hold community meetings in which investigators describe the study and its purpose in general terms to community members. Investigators will then advertise a designated time and place (typically at the local parish) where interested families can come and speak to research staff about participating in the study and to receive full information about participation. Investigators will also ask Home Based Care Workers (HBCWs) working with these churches to discuss the study with families for whom they already provide care. Investigators will ask the HBCWs to do this using the same recruitment script as the CETA counselors. Families who are interested in hearing more about the study after speaking with the HBCW will be able to meet research staff at the designated place/time for full study information, consent, and screening procedures. Recruitment through churches and with HBCWs has been effective in previous studies investigators have conducted in Zambia and has been found to be acceptable by the communities in Lusaka. A second additional strategy will be through a snowball sampling method. Investigators may ask participants who have been enrolled into the study to refer other families, neighbors, and community members who may be affected by violence or alcohol abuse to us. Investigators will provide the current participants with information on the next designated place and time of study assessments and can pass this information off to others in the community. Investigators will also provide contact information in case potential participants want to contact us directly. Investigators have found in previous studies in Zambia that participants often come to us to ask if participants may refer other friends or neighbors to the study for participation. A third strategy may include referral by on‐going community support groups in the compounds. Members of these groups often have information about families in the communities who may have problems with violence and/or alcohol. Investigators will provide information to these groups about the next day/time assessments will be conducted in the area and ask them to pass on that information to other families. In all of the above strategies, potential study participants will have no contact with research study staff until participants express to someone (i.e., the CETA counselor, a HBCW, or a friend/neighbor who is already enrolled) interest in hearing more a out the study and would like the research staff to contact them. If the family is eligible for the study, each member will be assigned a unique study identification (ID) number. These ID numbers will be used to start the ACASI (laptop‐based) assessment for each participant. Participants will complete the assessments separately and privately using the ACASI laptops and with headphones. No identifying information (names, addresses, phone numbers) will be captured by ACASI. Following the completed assessment, the three ID numbers will be brought to the SHARPZ main office by the study assessor, where ID numbers will be securely stored by the Study Director. The Study Director will forward eligible ID numbers each day to JHU‐based research staff who will randomly allocate each family (cluster of 3 ID numbers) to either intervention or control condition. The family will be notified by the study team within one day following the baseline assessment of the randomization assignment. If participants are assigned to the control group, investigators will explain procedures for calling them weekly to check in for the next several months (during the active intervention phase) and monthly thereafter for the next two years while the study is on‐going. If participants were randomized to the intervention, Investigators will let participants know that investigators will be contacting them within a week and weekly thereafter with details about starting the group counseling sessions (groups are expected to begin within approximately 3 weeks following assessment). Assessments of violence, alcohol use, and other secondary outcomes will be conducted at four timepoints using ACASI: 1. Baseline 2. 4‐5 months post‐baseline (immediately following intervention period) 3. 12 months post‐baseline 4. 24 months post‐baseline (primary timepoint of interest) Descriptions of self‐report outcome measures are described below. In addition to the self‐report measures captured through ACASI, investigators will collect a hair‐sample from each participant at all four time points to test for cortisol, a well‐established biomarker for chronic stress. The primary timepoint of interest is the 24 month assessment. The Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) will will conduct an analysis at the 12 month assessment to assess effectiveness of CETA in reducing violence. If there is a statistically and clinically significant effect, the trial will be stopped and investigators will offer the intervention to the control participants. Investigators would then assess outcomes at the 24 month assessment among intervention participants to monitor whether treatment effects were sustained. Sample size calculations are based on the SVAWS measure. Calculations are based on a recent study conducted in South Africa with women who had been abused by a partner who had an alcohol use problem. The study found a mean SVAWS physical violence sub‐scale score of 58.6 (SD=20.5) with a time reference of the past three months. Investigators believe that a 20% reduction in the mean SVAWS physical violence subscale score would be programmatically significant (i.e. worth finding). The sample size needed to obtain an 11.66 point reduction among intervention participants at 12 months, assuming no change among control participants, with 80% power and an alpha of 0.05, is 100 families (50 per arm). To account for potential drop‐out/loss to follow‐up and potentially small clustering effects at the provider/group level, investigators aim to recruit 84 families in each trial arm, for a total of 168 families enrolled in the study. All analyses will be intent to treat. For each continuous outcome (e.g., SVAWS score) investigators will estimate linear mixed effects models that will incorporate a random intercept term to account for within subject correlation on repeated measures. Generalized linear models will be used for categorical outcomes. The outcome scores at the follow‐up times will be modeled separately using treatment arm, baseline symptom score (if there is a meaningfu difference between the study arms at baseline), time, and an interaction between each treatment arm and time as fixed covariates in each model. Protocol update October 2016: Following the first few weeks of intervention delivery, investigators found that for a significant number of participants, group therapy sessions were impractical due to logistical challenges. Therefore, investigators modified the delivery of CETA for some participants to be individually delivered therapy sessions instead of group therapy sessions. Participants who are able to attend group sessions and prefer that method will still receive the intervention through the group delivery method. The sample size was increased in order to have statistical power to conduct a sub‐group analysis of only those study participants who received individual (and not group) CETA to test whether this individual delivery mode is effective compared to the treatment as usual control group. An additional 80 families (40 randomized to each arm) will be recruited into the study for this purpose. The total sample size is therefore planned to be 248 families.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1306,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1306,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Nct",2016,"Community Health Campaign: fitter Families Project","In 2011, United Nations (UN) addressed the prevention and control of four non‐communicable diseases (NCDs: cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes mellitus) worldwide. The UN, in its Political Declaration, recognized the critical importance of reducing the exposure to the common modifiable risk factors for NCDs, namely, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and the harmful use of alcohol. In Hong Kong, NCDs are responsible for more than 85% of all deaths and most of these are preventable. FAMILY Project Cohort Study (2014) also found that 88.6% of Hong Kong people had inadequate vegetable and fruit intake, 70.6% had inadequate physical exercise, 26.4% were overweight and 5.4% were obese. Hong Kong, being the most westernized and developed city of China, can take a leading role in promoting and implementing the UN Political Declaration. Families worldwide have been undergoing rapid changes with macro, social and economic trends. Demographic shifts, economic upheavals, changing societal norms and values, immigration across national borders and migration within nations are creating new and altered structures, processes and relationships within families. The increasingly complex and diverse family structure contributes to concerns regarding the well‐being of families in Hong Kong, including their health, happiness and harmony (FAMILY 3Hs). Family life and health education should be strengthened to meet the increasing needs of promoting healthy lifestyle among Hong Kong families. The results from the baseline findings of FAMILY Project Cohort Study (2014) revealed that only 27.9% of the participants considered themselves to be 'happy', while 15.6% of the participants were classified as 'unhappy'. Nearly one‐third (30.7%) of the participants reported having experienced at least one stressful life event in the previous year due to heavier workload (10.8%), serious health problems of a family member (6.8%), worsening financial situation (6.2%), health problems of oneself (5.1%), or death of a family member (4.7%). Furthermore, more than half of the participants (52.5%) reported having some source of dyadic conflicts with family members. In response to these changes in the contexts and nature of the family, the Fitter Families Project (FFP) with a focus on \"FAMILY Holistic Health\", will be conducted in order to increase the awareness of the importance of FAMILY 3Hs. There are several definitions of family health. On the functional level, the terms family health, family functioning, and healthy family are often used interchangeably. Family health has been described as complex system, interactions, relationships and processes with the potential to enhance both well‐being and the entire household's health, and routines in the family may affect family health. Despite the different perspectives in the definitions, family health should be holistically defined, encompass both wellness and illness variables and focus on the interactive, developmental, functional, psychosocial, and health processes of family experience. Therefore, family health may be described as a dynamic process that maintains or changes the relative state of well‐being, including elements of family systems, such as biological, psychological, spiritual, and sociocultural aspects. Hence, the FFP focuses on \"FAMILY Holistic Health\" which is to emphasize a more comprehensive and wide reaching aim and includes physical, mental and social health and well‐being. Over the past six years, the FAMILY project has been working on community‐based projects to promote FAMILY 3Hs. Since 2010, the Christian Family Service Centre (CFSC) in collaboration with the School of Public Health of the University of the Hong Kong (HKU) implemented a community‐based Learning Families Project (LFP) to promote family health, happiness and harmony (3Hs). As a component of the FAMILY Project, the LFP had built up an effective practice model through collaboration among various project partners and showed good evidence of effectivenes in developing a learning culture in the families, enhancing family communication time and quality, increasing neighborhood cohesion and resilience and promoting FAMILY 3Hs. Therefore, the FFP is developed based on the strong foundation of the LFP in the previous years. In view of the health challenges locally and globally, the new phase of FAMILY project will put more emphasis on health in the upcoming three years. Following the theme on FAMILY 3Hs, the FFP focuses on family holistic health with emphasis on the interaction and integration of both physical and psychosocial health. In Hong Kong, most 'health projects' only focus on individual's physical health and usually separate physical from mental or psychosocial health. This new project focuses not only on individuals' health but on the whole family and holistic health. The investigators strive to help family members influence each other to have better holistic health. The focus on family is a new and unique concept which is an innovative, long‐term and highly sustainable approach at the community level. With the involvement of family members, Hong Kong families can develop and change their lifestyles which impact on families' health. The investigators will use a family‐focused approach and adopt a holistic perspective to design a sustainable family holistic health intervention model in the community to meet the global health challenges identified by UN. The innovative family holistic health intervention model will emphasize on the interaction and integration of physical health and psychosocial health, using physical exercise as the platform to promote fitter families, which will ultimately enhance the FAMILY 3Hs. Thus, the ultimate objective of this community‐based project is \"FAMILY holistic health\" for FAMILY 3Hs. In practice, the investigators will use innovative integrated public health theories and minimal methods to plan brief, simple and cost‐effective interventions targeted at families, with collaboration with experienced NGO partners and community stakeholders. Hence, a larger number of people will be able to benefit from the program, leading to greater sustainability and wider dissemination as the administration of project will be easier and the costs will be lower. The \"FAMILY Holistic Health\" community‐based project aims at promoting a higher level of physical exercise for people of all ages which will enhance family interaction, pleasure and well‐being. The project can help families to build positive attitudes with stronger motivation for family members to improve their holistic health by encouraging each other to have healthy active lifestyle and enjoy the processes with quick and measurable benefits. The evaluations conducted will be vigorous and evidence generating with quantitative and qualitative methods and follow‐ups to assess behavioral changes and improvements in the key components of family well‐being. The data will be provided to the participants for developing their own health action plan. In order to assess the effectiveness of the interventions on improving individual and family well‐being and for future program development, the data will also be used for program evaluation. Thus, this proposal is to seek approval from IRB to collect data from the participants, to use the data for in depth analyses, and to write up scientific papers based on the findings.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","NCDs",1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"Hong Kong",91,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1307,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hong Kong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1307,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHong Kong",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1307,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1307,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Nct",2016,"Outcomes in Youth Visiting the ED With Mental Health Issues: a Pilot Text Based Intervention","Background/Significance The number of youth visiting the ED with MH issues has risen dramatically in the last decade.1 EDs have become a safety net for a strained mental health system that is under resourced and lacks adequate services to meet demands at the impatient and outpatient level.2 EDs bear a high burden of caring for children and adolescents with acute psychiatric illness, and pediatric patients with MH‐related visits require substantial ED resources.2,3 Visits to the ED for MH are longer, more likely to be triaged to urgent evaluation and result in more admissions or transfers compared to visits for other reasons.4,5 ED revisits are also are also common in pediatric MH patients, with a recent study finding return rates of 6‐9% within 72 hours, and return rates around 30% over a 4‐year study period.6 ED visits for children and adolescents with MH concerns are resource intensive, and further research will be crucial for improving the management of these patients.2,3 Information lacking on resources needed by MH diagnostic subgroup: MH issues encountered by ED physicians cover a broad range of diagnoses. Bardach et al. examined MH hospitalizations and identified the following as the most common diagnostic subgroups: depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis, externalizing disorder, anxiety disorder, ADHD, eating disorder, substance abuse, reaction disorder and autism.7 ED visits for MH concerns are often thought to mainly involve suicide attempts, self‐harm behavior or psychosis, but a recent study of a large urban pediatric ED found that almost half of the visits were for behavioral problems.8 Preliminary data has described that almost half of the behavioral assessments done at CH in 2013 were on individuals with developmental disorders (i.e. autism spectrum disorders). The number of MH ED visits for behavioral issues is growing, but there is limited information regarding this population.8 Overall, the ED experience has not been well documented based upon diagnostic subgroup, but there are critical differences in MH patients depending on their primary concern, specifically connection to outpatient resources and risk of ED revisit.8,9 In order to more efficiently help MH youth it is crucial to obtain information regarding services, and how this differs by diagnostic subgroup.8 Text‐messaging to improve MH referral follow‐up: The ED represents a suboptimal care setting for MH youth but does provide an important opportunity to identify children and adolescents in crisis and connect them with external resources.8 Unfortunately, successful follow‐up with MH resources by ED patients has been shown to be low, with some studies finding follow‐up rates below 30%.10,11 A recent study found that 66% of patients visiting the ED with suicidal behaviors successfully followed up with a mental health provider, a more positive number, but one that still shows a large need for improvement.12 Strategies are needed to improve successful follow‐up with MH outpatient referrals as failure to comply with ED discharge guidelines could result in worsening of symptoms and return visits to the ED. While ED providers have a unique opportunity to identify MH youth and provide referrals, they also have limited time and resources. If an intervention is to be incorporated into usual care in the ED, it must be simple, efficient, and easy to replicate. Automated text messaging reminders have been shown to increase attendance to healthcare appointments.13 Over 90% of Americans reported owning a cell phone in 2013, and 81% report using their cell phone to send or receive text messages.14 In addition, the cost and personnel requirements needed to implement an automated text message based system are low, making this a unique intervention technique that could be easily incorporated into usual care in any ED.15 A recent study found that automated text message appointment reminders improved follow‐up attendance to primary or specialty care in adult ED patients.15 Additional research is needed to examine the potential of a text m ssage strategy to increase attendance to follow‐up appointments in a diverse population of youth visiting the ED the MH concerns. Conclusion: The overall goal of the proposed study is to collect vital information needed to develop programs that improve outcomes and reduce revisits in children and adolescents who present to the ED with primary MH concerns. Pediatric ED visits for MH issues are increasing.1 The current system is in need of improvement, yet more information is needed to accelerate change, including information on which MH populations need to be targeted, and on simple, reproducible interventions which improve connection with community resources. The proposed project will collect data on a cohort of MH patients from two large urban EDs to characterize diagnostic subgroups and current access to care, will follow all patients 3‐months post visit to identify risk factors for ED revisits and barriers to outpatient care, and will test a novel text message reminder system focused on improving the linkage of MH patients with follow‐up referrals. The EDs of CH provide the vast majority of emergent pediatric care within the Twin City Metro area, and a substantial proportion of these visits are mental health related. The proposed project provides a unique opportunity to meet the study goals, and sets the stage for future work focused on improving care and outcomes for MH youth. Research Question 1. Which pediatric MH patients visiting the ED at CH are in the most need of additional support (lowest baseline access to and utilization of outpatient care, highest risk of ED revisit, lowest follow‐up with outpatient referrals)? 2. Does a targeted text‐message communication method improve compliance with ED discharge in pediatric MH patients? Specific Aims and Hypotheses 1. Characterize the primary MH concerns of children and adolescent visiting the EDs of CH and assesses their baseline access to and utilization of external MH resources. Hypothesis: MH patients will represent several subgroups of primary concerns and these subgroups will differ in their baseline connection to and utilization of community resources. 2. Follow all enrolled MH patients post visit to determine factors associated with ED revisits and barriers to outpatient care. Hypothesis: Patients who have public or no insurance, who visit the ED with self‐inflicted injuries, or who identify multiple barriers to connecting with outpatient MH care will have higher rates of ED revisits. 3. Develop and test a novel text‐message communication method focused on increasing rates of discharge referral follow‐up in ED patients with MH concerns. Hypothesis: Patients randomized to a text‐message communication system will have higher rates of follow‐up care and lower rates of ED revisit compared to patients who receive usual care","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1308,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1308,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Nct",2016,"RCT of the Effectiveness of Big White Wall Compared to Other Online Support","Introduction Unipolar depression and anxiety are respectively the second and seventh leading causes of years lived with disability in the world among all health problems according to the World Health Organisation. Self‐support methods of management of depression and anxiety through a population approach such as online therapy and peer support is attractive for a number of reasons including: the scale of the problem and the ability of current services to cope; providing choice about the management of their symptoms; creating personal empowerment; developing supportive social networks; recurrence prevention. The use of public health interventions for physical conditions such as cigarette smoking, weight loss and diabetes is increasingly utilised and effective in reaching the wider public. Big White Wall Big White Wall (BWW) is a well‐established digital service (website and apps) 3 that offers: ‐ Online assessment of mental health problems and physical co‐morbidities ‐ Moderated on‐line peer support ‐ Guided support and live therapy It is based on public health principles, emphasises a recovery model to improve well‐being and is based theoretically on a social model of depression emphasising autonomy, hopefulness and support. There are no waiting lists, eligibility criteria and opening hours (available 24/7). It operates a community principle that each person is supported within cultures of respect, tolerance, mutual learning and safety, and procedures such as specially trained counsellors employed by BWW as \"wall guides\" try to ensure that this principle is maintained. Patterns of use are often short‐term over 3 to 6 weeks but people often utilise BWW at times of further need with a substantial proportion using it for longer periods on a more regular basis. Over that time people with depression and anxiety show clinically important improvement. The case for online peer support interventions Peer support internet interventions such as BWW take less effort for service users than internet guided cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) as it allows the user to choose when and how to access it rather than be committed to a pre‐defined course of treatment. The overall effectiveness of BWW may be in keeping with the social model of depression and anxiety from which the website was conceived; that the onset of depression or anxiety may be precipitated by insufficient social support during a time of self‐perceived threat to a person's well‐being from a life event. Conversely, relief from depression or anxiety may be found through increased social support and improved life events and security. BWW can therefore guide its users towards appropriate psycho‐social support as and when they require it, whilst retaining autonomy through making their own decisions about how to use that support. An important aspect of BWW's public health approach is to reach out to isolated people with poor quality social support and a perceived threat to their wellbeing. It aims to provide a population based service that doesn't require a personal subscription so that the most disadvantaged are able to benefit. Currently BWW has been purchased by the armed forces, some universities and 25% of Clinical Commissioning groups (CCGs) throughout England which provides free access to 98% of users. However for a wider uptake by commissioners locally and nationally the service must be tested in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to understand who, when and how BWW is utilised and its' clinical and cost effectiveness, compared to online information alone. Trial Objectives To use the RE‐AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation including economics, Maintenance) to explore the efficacy and reach of an internet intervention (online peer support) compared to online information for people with depression and anxiety. Use qualitative analysis to determine the engagement and experiences of the participants in the BWW arm of the study to understand the motivations for use, patterns and levels of engagement (e.g. active user ersus 'lurker'), negative experiences and beliefs about efficacy and role in personal empowerment. More specifically the trial objectives are: 1. To determine the short‐term clinical effectiveness of Big White Wall (BWW) versus the National Health Service (NHS) Choices Moodzone (MZ) website on well‐being (primary outcome). 2. To determine the number and representativeness of participants invited and eligible to receive BWW or the NHS Choices Moodzone website. 3. To determine the number, percent and representativeness of NHS primary care practices and organisations, secondary care mental health, community and acute trust, third sector and social care organisations that referred people to either BWW or the NHS Choices Moodzone website 4. To explore the implementation of the BWW programme including barriers and drivers to reach, effectiveness and adoption and an economic evaluation of its costs and cost effectiveness from personal, social and health care perspectives. 5. To explore the maintenance of treatment effects on well‐being, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, quality of life and social function over 6 months in service users 6. With Academic Helth Science Network (AHSN) East Midlands to record the take up by organisations and implementation (number, percent, representativeness in East Midlands) of BWW across the East Midlands after the trial has been completed 7. Explore user engagement and experiences of BWW through qualitative interviews and text analysis Expected duration in the trial is 6 months. Implementation A managed network of practice will be established ideally with representation from the mental health leads from Nottingham City and Nottinghamshire CCGs and public health together with the User consultant and a GP Knowledge Broker as well as key members of National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) MindTech and the study team. This network will ensure that both the engagement strategy and the research project itself are optimised and that important learning on implementation is collected. The results of this RE‐AIM study will provide a rich database of information to inform CCGs and Health and Wellbeing Boards on who BWW and other digital mental health services might reach Access to BWW across the East Midlands will depend on commissioning decisions at a public health and primary care level. At the end of the study we will work with AHSN East Midlands and Public Health England to present these findings to Directors of Public Health and mental health leads for each CCG or consortium of CCGs, Healthwatch representatives and mental health providers in the East Midlands together with a directory of alternative providers of similar services.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Mental Health",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1309,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":25},2,null,4,null,0,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1309,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1309,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",{"$f":"VLOOKUP((VLOOKUP($S1309,'Master List Codings'!$R$13:$S$508,2,FALSE)),'Master List Codings'!$AG$13:$AI$508,2,FALSE)","v":3},{"$f":"VLOOKUP((VLOOKUP($S1309,'Master List Codings'!$R$13:$S$508,2,FALSE)),'Master List Codings'!$AG$13:$AI$508,3,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Nct",2016,"Designing Food Voucher Programs to Reduce Disparities in Healthy Diets","Participants for the trial will be recruited via advertisements at community sites including primary care clinics, housing assistance sites, and soup kitchens in the city of San Francisco. Recruitment materials will direct interested individuals to attend one of the study information sessions at a 'storefront' site in San Francisco for an initial screening evaluation by the study staff, and a study orientation session to detail the study purpose, procedures, and participant rights. The orientation sessions will consist of a 60‐minute session at a centrally‐located room. After the orientation session, participants will be invited to sign a consent form, complete the baseline assessment, and be randomized to one of the four intervention conditions in a 1:1:1:1 allocation. We will use permuted block randomization so that sample sizes in each intervention group are nearly equal. Allocation sequence will be concealed prior to assignment; staff for sequence generation, allocation concealment, and implementation will be separate. Those agreeing to participate will sign a written consent form after the study orientation and before randomized to one of four voucher conditions, as part of our 2‐by‐2 study design: (1) vouchers targeted to fruits and vegetables and valid for sequential weeks of the month; (2) vouchers targeted to fruits and vegetables and valid over the entire month; (3) vouchers applicable to any food and valid for sequential weeks of the month; and (4) vouchers applicable to any food and valid over the entire month. Half of participants will receive a blue voucher valid for any food (not tobacco, alcohol, or prepared foods), while the other half will receive a green voucher valid only for qualified fruits and vegetables (fresh or frozen fruits, vegetables, or herbs without added sugars or fats, to correspond to the eligibility guidelines of existing voucher programs). All vouchers will have the same individual value ($5), but one half of participants will receive four vouchers that are each valid for the whole month (a lump sum payment of $20), while the other half will receive four vouchers that are each valid for one sequential week of the month, as labeled on the voucher (a distributed payment of $5 per week). Therefore, all intervention groups will be balanced on time and attention from study staff, as well as effort to obtain the vouchers. By having all vouchers in small increments of $5, we minimize the need for a large voucher to be spent all at once, reducing the risk of food spoilage affecting intervention effectiveness. Having all vouchers be worth the same value also simplifies processing of the voucher at the level of the food vendor. We have specifically designed the monetary amounts of the trial to be sufficient for achieving nutritional goals (the Healthy People 2020 goal of consuming 1.4 cups of fruits and vegetables per day), but not be unduly large so as to be coercive to low‐income populations. One month's supply of vouchers will be picked‐up by each participant during the first week of each month. Therefore, all intervention groups will be balanced on time and attention from study staff, as well as effort to obtain the vouchers. Vouchers can be picked up by participants at multiple neighborhood community‐based locations. The locations are food pantries, area public health clinics or neighbor‐hood public housing project offices that served as recruitment and distribution sites during a pilot feasibility study, and will again serve as recruitment sites in the trial. The sites are open over extended business hours. Vouchers will be placed in a small sealed envelope in a lockbox at the front desk of these locations; only participant identification numbers appear on the envelope. Voucher distributors have access to the lockbox combination, and will login to our secure HIPAA‐compliant Access database to record when a participant has picked up their vouchers. Picture identification will be required for pick‐up, and participants will sign a pick‐up sheet. Participants witho t a picture ID will be referred to the city hall office that provides a free city‐sponsored picture ID. Participants must pick up their own vouchers, and lost vouchers will not be replaced. To redeem vouchers, participants present the voucher to a cashier, and sign and date the voucher at the time of redemption. The cashier processes the voucher just as they processes vouchers for the Women, Infants and Children's program or manufacturer's coupons, and the vendor then submits the redeemed voucher for payment (the financial infrastructure is handled by the San Francisco General Hospital Foundation). The names of the vendors who will accept the vouchers are printed on each voucher, along with their address and business hours. All voucher rules will be reviewed with participants during the orientation session. We will continue routine meetings with the neighborhood food vendors' managers to ensure continued active participation and correct usage of the vouchers. Following informed consent, participants will complete a baseline survey and a 24‐hour dietary recall before being randomized to one of the four study conditions. The recall includes three distinct passes to obtain a participant's food intake during the previous 24 hours—a quick list, a detailed description, and a review—including foods obtained at home and away from home, and including bartered, foraged, food pantry and other non‐purchased items. Participants are provided standard 2‐dimensional booklets for reference to portion sizes. Our research assistants are blinded to the participant's intervention arm and skilled in guiding dietary recalls among diverse participants in a non‐judgmental, comprehensive manner. The baseline recall will be conducted in person at the storefront site; subsequent recalls will be conducted over telephone. Recalls will be performed during week 1 and week 4 of the month‐0 (baseline), month‐6, and month‐12 assessments. Two recalls each will be done during week 1 (one weekday and one weekend) and two during week 4 (one weekday and one weekend) of the assessment months. This minimizes the number of recalls required to capture intra‐person variation in diet between weekdays and weekends, while simultaneously capturing the monthly consumption cycle among participants (the key hypothesized mediator for the lump sum vs. distributed voucher effect). In addition to dietary recalls, research assistants will orally administer surveys to prevent literacy‐based biases, consistent with recent Institute of Medicine recommendations. These 20‐minute surveys will be conducted at months 0, 6, and 12 and will cover attitudes and preferences regarding the vouchers and fruits and vegetables generally, shopping patterns, food expenditures, household environment, and food insecurity. Each participant will receive vouchers for a total of 6 months. The participants will then be tracked by the recruitment/retention coordinator through brief telephone contact monthly to ensure retention until they complete the month 12 survey and dietary recall (6 months after the end of the intervention), after which they are discharged from the study. In addition to participants who receive the vouchers, we will also conduct a brief survey with managers of the ten stores who have signed memos of understanding with the City of San Francisco and San Francisco General Foundation to accept the vouchers. The managers will be given informed consent forms to consider participating in a post‐ intervention survey. The paper‐based vendor survey will be hand‐delivered to vendors' managers to assess: (i) whether managers have any difficulties with the voucher system and whether those difficulties are at the point of sale, at the point of reimbursement, and/or when answering questions to customers about the vouchers; (ii) what if any activities were used by vendors to promote fruit and vegetable purchases during the voucher trial period; (iii) what if any activities they had engaged in to sell more fruits and vegetables; and (iv) a free text entry to elicit w at changes vendors would propose to the voucher system in future","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1310,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":4},2,null,1,null,6,0,0,"san francisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1310,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1310,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",{"$f":"VLOOKUP((VLOOKUP($S1310,'Master List Codings'!$R$13:$S$508,2,FALSE)),'Master List Codings'!$AG$13:$AI$508,2,FALSE)","v":1},{"$f":"VLOOKUP((VLOOKUP($S1310,'Master List Codings'!$R$13:$S$508,2,FALSE)),'Master List Codings'!$AG$13:$AI$508,3,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Nct",2016,"Senior Change Makers Study: improving Physical Activity Environments","The proposed study will be conducted at six senior centers in San Diego, California and will involve 132 senior participants, 16 student participants, and 12 decision maker participants (N = 160). Three senior centers will be randomized to an advocacy program and three will be randomized to a walking program. The participants at the advocacy intervention sites will undergo an 8‐week advocacy program during which they will (1) learn about the connection between the built environment and physical activity, (2) conduct a field audit of their physical activity environment using the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) Mini tool, (3) select an advocacy issue related to a physical activity barrier, and (4) engage in advocacy actions, such as communicating with decision makers or public officials. The group sessions will include topics such as how the environment affects walking, potential pedestrian hazards and solutions, how to conduct an audit of the walking environment, what advocates do, local examples of successful advocacy projects, creating an advocacy action plan, creating a fact sheet about the advocacy issue, writing letters to representatives, making an advocacy presentation. The student participants will work with the senior participants throughout the program to help accomplish the advocacy goals. The program will culminate with the presentation of the advocacy issue to a \"decision maker\" (e.g., a city planner, engineer, city council member, etc.). In the other study condition, the walking groups, participants will undergo an 8‐week program that provides participants with information about safe physical activity, strategies to increase physical activity, and guided walks. The group sessions will address topics such as the benefits of walking, fall prevention tips, goal setting, positive thinking, social support, sedentary behavior and health, barriers to walking, handling setbacks, and overcoming challenges to physical activity. Comparing two beneficial programs helps with participant recruitment and retention, and ensures that between‐group differences in outcomes are not due solely to participation in a group program.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","physical inactivity",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1311,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":29},2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"san diego",181,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1311,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Diego"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1311,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Diego",{"$f":"VLOOKUP((VLOOKUP($S1311,'Master List Codings'!$R$13:$S$508,2,FALSE)),'Master List Codings'!$AG$13:$AI$508,2,FALSE)","v":1},{"$f":"VLOOKUP((VLOOKUP($S1311,'Master List Codings'!$R$13:$S$508,2,FALSE)),'Master List Codings'!$AG$13:$AI$508,3,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Diana Barbosa Cunha\nEliseu Verly Junior,\nVitor Barreto Paravidino\nMarina Campos Arau\u0019jo,\nMauro Felippe Felix Mediano,\nMichele Ribeiro Sgambato\nBárbara da Silva Nalin de Souza,\nEmanuele Souza Marques\nValéria Troncoso Baltar\nAlessandra Silva Dias de Oliveira\nAna Carolina Feldenheimer da Silva\nFederico J. Pérez-Cueto,\nRosangela Alves Pereira\nRosely Sichieri, ",2016,"protocol so not included Nudging Students Towards Healthy Diet and Physical Activity to Prevent Obesity","The objective of the present study is to estimate the effect of nudging proposals on the students' Body Mass Index, based on changes made in the school environment. This is a factorial randomized community trial, which will be conducted in 18 public schools in the city of Duque de Caxias, RJ.","n",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1312,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":1},2,"nudge",2,null,0,0,0,"caxias",278,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1312,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Caxias"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1312,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilCaxias",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1312,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1312,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Natarajan, M.",2016,"Rapid assessment of \"eve teasing\" (sexual harassment) of young women during the commute to college In India","Many countries have taken action in recent times to address harassment in the work place and violence in the home, but little attention has been paid to sexual harassment in public places, specifically during women's journey to work and school. In developing countries, many more women are seeking education and employment than previously, which has increased the opportunity for sexual harassment in public places. In India, the study location, this harassment is known as \"eve teasing\". Eve teasing includes cat calling, lewd remarks, and inappropriate sexual contact such as rubbing and fondling. Tolerance of such incidents could lead to more severe forms of abuse and encourage more individuals to participate. Necessary as laws are, they cannot bring about immediate changes in widespread public behaviors, particularly those, such as eve teasing, that are deeply rooted in the culture of a country. To date there is no systematic research on sexual harassment in public places to assist public authorities and town planners with the development of security measures, especially for college-going women in cities and towns in India. Rapid assessment methodology has been used increasingly, especially in the field of public health, to assist decision-making about appropriate interventions for social problems by examining issues within social and cultural contexts in space and time. This paper provides a case study of rapid assessment of so-called \"eve teasing\" of female college students in Chennai, India. Three methods were employed in this rapid assessment of the problem- focus group discussions with college students, interviews with police officers from stations nearby the campuses and safety audits of the campus surroundings. This small exploratory study of eve teasing in India succeeded in promoting understanding of the problem and in providing many suggestions for reducing it. These latter included an extensive inventory of precautions for students, particularly female students to take in order to protect themselves from eve teasing, and a list of preventive suggestions for other stakeholders-the police, local municipalities, transport agencies and the colleges themselves. The study has wider implications for the study of routine precautions, for crime in public space and for the use of rapid assessment techniques in Crime Science. © 2016 Natarajan.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1313,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1313,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Narain, K., Mata, A. and Flores, J.",2016,"Nutrition Policy Decreases Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Municipal Parks: Lessons Learned From Carson, California","In light of the childhood obesity epidemic, many cities are adopting healthy park vending policies, but the evidence on the effectiveness of these policies is scant. This study examines how implementation of a healthy vending policy in Carson, California, changes the types of beverages that are available in park vending machines. The study design is a pre-posttest with post-only comparison group. The main outcome is proportion of beverages in vending machines that is consistent with caloric and sugar content guidelines for children as defined by the Nutrition Environment Measures-Vending (NEMS-V) tool. This study finds that prior to implementation of the vending policy, 70% of the beverages did not meet NEMS-V guidelines, on average. After implementation of the vending policy, this number declined to 7%. This study suggests that healthy vending policies can have an impact on the types of beverages that are available in city parks.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1314,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":1},2,"vending machines",2,null,0,0,0,"carson (california)",274,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1314,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"carson"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1314,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAcarson",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1314,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Napier, D., Volkmann, A., Hesseldal, L. and Bagger, M.",2016,"Urban diabetes: The impact of social factors and cultural determinants","More than half of the world's population live in cities, and two thirds of the 415 million people with diabetes live in urban areas. That makes cities an important focal point for researching diabetes and improving prevention, care, and management. For many urban dwellers, cities offer resources and opportunities that result in good health and wellbeing. However, cities also create factors that impact health and susceptibility to disease in a negative way. Type 2 diabetes is a prime example for a complex chronic condition that development of which is significantly impacted by such factors. The Cities Changing Diabetes (CCD) Programme initiated by Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark, is a partnership with Steno Diabetes Center, Denmark, and University College London (UCL), United Kingdom. The aim is to research urban diabetes and its drivers and to place the condition high on the global urbanisation agenda. CCD Research was conducted in five cities around the globe (Mexico City, Copenhagen, Houston, Tianjin and Shanghai). In each city, a Vulnerability Assessment was conducted to understand the local status and what makes certain people vulnerable to diabetes and its complications by identifying the social factors and cultural determinants that plausibly impact vulnerability. More than 550 individual semi-structured interviews across the five cities were conducted by trained fieldworkers. The global research shows that important social factors in the development of urban diabetes are: financial constraints; time constraints; resource constraints; geographical constraints. And that important cultural determinants are: agency and opportunity; traditions and conventions; understanding health and illness; change and transition; understanding self and other. These factors are nuanced and combine in locally varying but globally similar ways. They can be identified and analysed to inform and likely guide intervention and policy change. Our research provides a novel way with which to examine diabetes in urban areas.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1315,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1315,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Myerson, J.",2016,"Scaling Down: Why Designers Need to Reverse Their Thinking","The growth model of the 20th century required that designers and companies achieve economies of scale. Scaling up involved abstraction to make large-scale production possible for the global industrial economy. In the 21st century, social challenges are increasingly disrupting world markets. This changes the focus of the design process. Designers once needed to learn just a little about large groups of people to serve mass markets. Today, they must learn a great deal about relatively small numbers of people. They must shift from concentrating on what makes groups of people similar to what makes them different. This article explores the process of “scaling down” by describing key principles. It examines these principles at work in three case studies from The Helen Hamlyn Centre for Design to develop a lighting system for inner-city housing estates, a planning tool to create better workplaces, and a suicide-prevention strategy for a public health black spot. © 2016 Tongji University and Tongji University Press","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1316,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1316,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Munoz, I. and Garatea, J.",2016,"ObesiTIC. Collaborative design for health improvement through physical activity and sports","Introduction ObesiTIC is a project which aims to investigate innovative information and communication technologies resulting in a new ICT tool specifically designed for children and teenagers, in order to acquire healthy lifestyles, promoting physical activity and avoiding health and social problems associated with obesity and overweight. This is achieved through its co-design and validation with children and teens following a Living Lab approach through SPORTIS Living Lab, a European Network of Living Lab's effective member. Objectives To develop an innovative solution that would enable health-related behaviour changes, increase motivation, promote physical activity and reduce prolonged sedentary time in users, thanks to persuasive and ubiquitous computing techniques. To be validated by SPORTIS Living Lab. Following SPORTIS aim to involve society in the innovation process, ObesiTIC will be validated by end-users (children and teenagers) combined with the development of the application and final product, in order to suit and respect all the needs and aspects of the users' requirements. Methods A Living Lab methodology is implemented: Exploring and identifying potential end users Co-design with end users Testing through focus groups Expected Results: Visibility, recognition and implication by the administration, user groups and SMEs. Different cross-border and local activities, like the People Olympics Initiative, which is an international initiative for social innovation based on collective physical activity competitions between cities around the world. Scale the project up to all ages and to different European countries contributing to the initiative, involving European SMEs to test and validate it.","n",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1317,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":1},2,null,4,null,2,0,0,0,0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1317,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1317,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1317,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Morrow, R., Ferretti, L., Norwood, C., Reich, D., Chito-Childs, E., McCallion, P., Tiburcio, J., McGee, E. and Lopez, J. A.",2016,"Improving the reach of the national diabetes prevention program within a health disparities population: A bronx new york pilot project crossing health- and community-based sectors","Introduction: Diabetes affects upward of 30% of South Bronx residents. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) reduces risk of progression to diabetes, yet implementation has been elusive within health disparities populations. Methods: This community-based, collaborative project piloted the NDPP in the South Bronx and evaluated implementation challenges and enablers. The New York State training group prepared community peer lifestyle coaches recruited by a community organization. A professional society trained academic detailers from local faculty. An interview process evaluated community needs and public health officials’ beliefs. A portal managed by the New York State training group collected demographic and biometric data from the community participants and facilitated online registration. Data from interviews and observations were coded systematically using a thematic analysis framework. Results: We were successful at recruiting and training 14 lifestyle coaches and 7 academic detailers, as well as recruiting members of the health disparities population in the South Bronx into the program. Fifty-two individuals completed the first 6 months of the yearlong program, attending an average of 12.7 of 16 sessions. By week 16, weight loss averaged 7.4 lbs and many had doubled their minutes of physical activity. Local electronic referral and feedback systems were developed. Discussion: Health professionals, their teams, public health centers, and communities can work together to prevent diabetes by enhancing the reach of the NDPP to health disparities populations. Peer education using lifestyle coaches can provide a trustworthy process for crossing the boundaries between health teams and community support groups. © 2016 The Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health Professions, the Association for Hospital Medical Education, and the Society for Academic Continuing Medical Education.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",null,null,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1318,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,2,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":9},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1318,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1318,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Morgan, A. U., Dupuis, R., D'Alonzo, B., Johnson, A., Graves, A., Brooks, K. L., McClintock, A., Klusaritz, H., Bogner, H., Long, J. A., Grande, D. and Cannuscio, C. C.",2016,"Beyond books: Public libraries as partners for population health","Public libraries are not usually included in discussions about improving population health. They are, however, well positioned to be partners in building a culture of health through programming that addresses the social determinants of health. The Healthy Library Initiative, a partnership between the University of Pennsylvania and the Free Library of Philadelphia (the public library system that serves the city), has undertaken such efforts in Philadelphia. In this article we report findings from an assessment of how ten highly subscribed programs address the social determinants of health, as well as results of interviews with community residents and library staff. Of the 5.8 million in-person Free Library visits in 2015, 500,000 included attendance at specialized programs that addressed multiple health determinants, such as housing and literacy. Library staff provided intensive support to vulnerable populations including homeless people, people with mental illness and substance use, recent immigrants, and children and families suffering from trauma.We found that public libraries are trusted institutions that have broad population reach and untapped potential to improve population health.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1319,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1319,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$F$216,4,FALSE)","v":2},null,0,null,0,0,0,"Philadelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1319,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1319,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1319,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":20},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1319,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Moran, A., Krepp, E. M., Johnson Curtis, C. and Lederer, A.",2016,"An Intervention to Increase Availability of Healthy Foods and Beverages in New York City Hospitals: The Healthy Hospital Food Initiative, 2010-2014","BACKGROUND: Hospitals serve millions of meals and snacks each year; however, hospital food is often unhealthy. Hospitals are ideal settings for modeling healthy eating, but few programs have sought to improve nutrition in all venues where food is served. COMMUNITY CONTEXT: The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene created the Healthy Hospital Food Initiative (HHFI) to improve the healthfulness of food served in hospitals. The HHFI built on prior work implementing mandatory nutrition standards for patient meals and vending in public hospitals. Public hospitals joined the HHFI by voluntarily adopting standards for cafeterias and cafes. Private hospitals joined by implementing nutrition standards for patient meals, food and beverage vending machines, and cafeterias and cafes. METHODS: Hospitals were recruited from 2010 through 2014 and provided technical assistance from health department staff. Implementation in each of the 4 areas was monitored through on-site assessments and menu review. Twenty-eight hospital cafeterias and cafes were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the HHFI to assess changes. OUTCOME: Sixteen public hospitals and 24 private hospitals joined the HHFI. Most (n = 18) private hospitals implemented standards in at least 2 areas. In cafeterias, most hospitals introduced a healthy value meal (n = 19), removed unhealthy items from the entrance and checkout (n = 18), increased whole grains to at least half of all grains served (n = 17), and reduced calories in pastries and desserts (n = 15). INTERPRETATION: Most New York City hospitals joined the HHFI and voluntarily adopted rigorous nutrition standards. Partnerships between hospitals and local government are feasible and can lead to significant improvements in hospital food environments.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1320,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":4},2,null,2,null,5,0,0,"new york city",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1320,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1320,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1320,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Moran, Alyssa, Krepp, Erica M., Curtis, Christine Johnson, Lederer, Ashley and Johnson Curtis, Christine",2016,"An Intervention to Increase Availability of Healthy Foods and Beverages in New York City Hospitals: The Healthy Hospital Food Initiative, 2010-2014","Background: Hospitals serve millions of meals and snacks each year; however, hospital food is often unhealthy. Hospitals are ideal settings for modeling healthy eating, but few programs have sought to improve nutrition in all venues where food is served.Community Context: The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene created the Healthy Hospital Food Initiative (HHFI) to improve the healthfulness of food served in hospitals. The HHFI built on prior work implementing mandatory nutrition standards for patient meals and vending in public hospitals. Public hospitals joined the HHFI by voluntarily adopting standards for cafeterias and cafés. Private hospitals joined by implementing nutrition standards for patient meals, food and beverage vending machines, and cafeterias and cafés.Methods: Hospitals were recruited from 2010 through 2014 and provided technical assistance from health department staff. Implementation in each of the 4 areas was monitored through on-site assessments and menu review. Twenty-eight hospital cafeterias and cafés were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the HHFI to assess changes.Outcome: Sixteen public hospitals and 24 private hospitals joined the HHFI. Most (n = 18) private hospitals implemented standards in at least 2 areas. In cafeterias, most hospitals introduced a healthy value meal (n = 19), removed unhealthy items from the entrance and checkout (n = 18), increased whole grains to at least half of all grains served (n = 17), and reduced calories in pastries and desserts (n = 15).Interpretation: Most New York City hospitals joined the HHFI and voluntarily adopted rigorous nutrition standards. Partnerships between hospitals and local government are feasible and can lead to significant improvements in hospital food environments.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",null,null,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1321,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,2,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":9},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1321,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1321,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Moran, A., Krepp, E. M., Curtis, C. J. and Lederer, A.",2016,"An intervention to increase availability of healthy foods and beverages iN New York City hospitals: The healthy hospital food initiative, 2010-2014","Background Hospitals serve millions of meals and snacks each year; however, hospital food is often unhealthy. Hospitals are ideal settings for modeling healthy eating, but few programs have sought to improve nutrition in all venues where food is served. Community Context The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene created the Healthy Hospital Food Initiative (HHFI) to improve the healthfulness of food served in hospitals. The HHFI built on prior work implementing mandatory nutrition standards for patient meals and vending in public hospitals. Public hospitals joined the HHFI by voluntarily adopting standards for cafeterias and cafés. Private hospitals joined by implementing nutrition standards for patient meals, food and beverage vending machines, and cafeterias and cafés. Methods Hospitals were recruited from 2010 through 2014 and provided technical assistance from health department staff. Implementation in each of the 4 areas was monitored through on-site assessments and menu review. Twenty-eight hospital cafeterias and cafés were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the HHFI to assess changes. Outcome Sixteen public hospitals and 24 private hospitals joined the HHFI. Most (n = 18) private hospitals implemented standards in at least 2 areas. In cafeterias, most hospitals introduced a healthy value meal (n = 19), removed unhealthy items from the entrance and checkout (n = 18), increased whole grains to at least half of all grains served (n = 17), and reduced calories in pastries and desserts (n = 15). Interpretation Most New York City hospitals joined the HHFI and voluntarily adopted rigorous nutrition standards. Partnerships between hospitals and local government are feasible and can lead to significant improvements in hospital food environments.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",null,null,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1322,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,2,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":9},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1322,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1322,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Molinet, Josefa Rodríguez i, Lezcano, Olga Alonso, Zurriaga, Pilar Bañon, Bartés, Bianca Beltrán, Buil, Dolors Burrel, Noguero, Nati Castells, Campos, Rosa Maria Colomer, del Rosario Cuesta Alvarez, Maria, Mallofré, Lourdes Esteve, Rovira, Mercè Gil, Martínez, Lydia Gómez, Ibañez, Melinda Jimenez, Peruga, Meritxell Liarte, Robles, Encarna Martin, Orpinell, Mònica Miró, Gónzalez, Isabel Molina, Lozano, Olalla Montón, Cusidó, Glòria Obrero, Conca, Meritxell Ortiz and Caballero, Raquel Paz",2016,"Social work within healthcare services in Barcelona: case studies of services offered to people suffering from chronic illnesses","The contribution of social factors in the genesis and evolution of the health problems of people as well as the importance of social and family support as a protective factor for health have been extensively studied in various scientific forums. This evidence highlights the need for addressing social problems of health and social workers trained in the sanitario- -widely field are present in each of the assistive devices that provide health care to the population. It should work on problems of social functioning health-altering, and those health problems that impair social functioning of people and their environment. The Health Consortium of Barcelona, in line with the Program for Prevention and attention to the chronicity of the Generalitat de Catalunya, has a group of social workers of different levels of care (hospitals, primary health care, health centers, home care teams, mental health, care homes, and drug dependence) of the city of Barcelona, they meet with the aim of promoting and defending the importance of social factors in the care of the chronically ill and clarify and strengthen its role. After two years of work, this group reflected on their professional role in relation to chronicity by reading and discussion of articles and documents, as well as analysis of the experience of the members of each device, creating a consensus document which they identify each and every one of the services offered to citizens. They conclude that in general, all health social workers of any assistance device offered to the population common services (proactive detection, medical social diagnosis, plan of work, social treatment, group care, coordination and networking, community health and promotion volunteering, participation in welfare committees and research and teaching). And specifically, each health worker, offering a differentiated according to their level of care (hospital, primary care, geriatric, ...), being widely detailed in the portfolio of services developed by this group. Overall, this work offers a vision care continuum, a line of Cross health care by social work, which appears or takes over care in any health care device providing continuous support to the patient and family, regardless of the path the chronically ill do. Accompaniment, when required, should be coordinated and connect with other community services that help complete and comprehensive care to chronic patient and family reality. The results of this work have been: - The creation of a portfolio of health consensual social work in the city of Barcelona to the attention of chronicity. - The commissioning relationship between different levels of care professionals and providers (public and private) increasing trust and allowing the establishment of new synergies. - Strengthening the role develops social work in health chronicity in our city. - The empowerment of the health worker in the management of your organization, promoting their participation in new care programs chronicity. - Improving the continuum of care for the person and their environment. possible areas for improvement and research to advance the social care of some populations are displayed; children with chronic disease, people with addictions and family violence situations. In short, it provides, the result of research, reflection and consensus, the first of a series of future instruments that allow guide citizens, institutions, managers and professionals in the important task is to develop the health worker in the city of Barcelona.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","heath",2,0,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Barcelona",13,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1323,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Barcelona"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1323,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainBarcelona",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1323,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":12},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1323,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},0]
["Miller, Edgar R., III, Cooper, Lisa A., Carson, Kathryn A., Wang, Nae-Yuh, Appel, Lawrence J., Gayles, Debra, Charleston, Jeanne, White, Karen, You, Na, Weng, Yingjie, Martin-Daniels, Michelle, Bates-Hopkins, Barbara, Robb, Inez, Franz, Whitney K., Brown, Emily L., Halbert, Jennifer P., Albert, Michael C., Dalcin, Arlene T. and Yeh, Hsin-Chieh",2016,"A dietary intervention in urban African Americans: Results of the \"five plus nuts and beans\" randomized trial","Introduction: Unhealthy diets, often low in potassium, likely contribute to racial disparities in blood pressure. We tested the effectiveness of providing weekly dietary advice, assistance with selection of higher potassium grocery items, and a $30 per week food allowance on blood pressure and other outcomes in African American adults with hypertension. Design: We conducted an 8-week RCT with two parallel arms between May 2012 and November 2013. Setting/participants: We randomized 123 African Americans with controlled hypertension from an urban primary care clinic in Baltimore, Maryland, and implemented the trial in partnership with a community supermarket and the Baltimore City Health Department. Mean (SD) age was 58.6 (9.5) years; 71% were female; blood pressure was 131.3 (14.7)/77.2 (10.5) mmHg; BMI was 34.5 (8.2); and 28% had diabetes. Intervention: Participants randomized to the active intervention group (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH]-Plus) received coach-directed dietary advice and assistance with weekly online ordering and purchasing of high-potassium foods ($30/week) delivered by a community supermarket to a neighborhood library. Participants in the control group received a printed DASH diet brochure along with a debit account of equivalent value to that of the DASH-Plus group. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was blood pressure change. Analyses were conducted in January to October 2014. Results: Compared with the control group, the DASH-Plus group increased self-reported consumption of fruits and vegetables (mean = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.7, 2.1 servings/day); estimated intake of potassium (mean = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.1, 0.7 grams/day); and urine potassium excretion (mean = 19%, 95% CI = 1%, 38%). There was no significant effect on blood pressure. Conclusions: A program providing dietary advice, assistance with grocery ordering, and $30/week of high-potassium foods in African American patients with controlled hypertension in a community-based clinic did not reduce BP. However, the intervention increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, and urinary excretion of potassium. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1324,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":4},2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1324,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1324,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1324,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":54},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1324,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},1]
["McCormack, S.",2016,"Update on the evidence for PrEP effectiveness","Nine randomized controlled clinical trials have demonstrated a reduction in HIV incidence when anti-retrovirals are offered to HIV negative individuals as tenofovir-based oral regimens, tenofovir vaginal gel or dapivirine released from a vaginal ring. Three trials failed to show benefit; all three were placebo-controlled, and all three were conducted in women in low-income settings in sub-Saharan Africa. The diversity of populations studied in the nine trials, with a positive result, underscores the breadth of impact that adding antiretrovirals to the toolkit for HIV-negative individuals could have. The impact is apparent in some cities in the United States but yet to be realized elsewhere as other countries have been slow to accept the evidence and implement models of delivery. The commonest reason for this delay is the cost of the drug as demand for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is uncertain, although countries that do not currently fund sexual health services or HIV prevention services tailored to key populations are also struggling to work out the feasibility and cost of delivering PrEP. Feasibility and cost of delivery are not reasons for delay in the UK as a well-established, professionally linked network of sexual health clinics already exists, albeit with ever-diminishing funding. As well as the cost of the drug, policy makers cite concerns about an increase in sexually transmitted infections as a result of PrEP. The evidence from pre-PrEP Europe demonstrates that syphilis and gonorrhoea have been increasing for a decade in men who have sex with men, and this mirrors an increase in new HIV infections. PrEP may contribute further to the increase in STIs but at least HIV will be curtailed. Whilst policy makers deliberate, key populations are purchasing PrEP for themselves and services have already changed practice to support them.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1325,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1325,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Martinez, G. S., Baccini, M., De Ridder, K., Hooyberghs, H., Lefebvre, W., Kendrovski, V., Scott, K. and Spasenovska, M.",2016,"Projected heat-related mortality under climate change in the metropolitan area of Skopje","BACKGROUND: Excessive summer heat is a serious environmental health problem in Skopje, the capital and largest city of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. This paper attempts to forecast the impact of heat on mortality in Skopje in two future periods under climate change and compare it with a historical baseline period. METHODS: After ascertaining the relationship between daily mean ambient air temperature and daily mortality in Skopje, we modelled the evolution of ambient temperatures in the city under a Representative Concentration Pathway scenario (RCP8.5) and the evolution of the city population in two future time periods: 2026-2045 and 2081-2100, and in a past time period (1986-2005) to serve as baseline for comparison. We then calculated the projected average annual mortality attributable to heat in the absence of adaptation or acclimatization during those time windows, and evaluated the contribution of each source of uncertainty on the final impact. RESULTS: Our estimates suggest that, compared to the baseline period (1986-2005), heat-related mortality in Skopje would more than double in 2026-2045, and more than quadruple in 2081-2100. When considering the impact in 2081-2100, sampling variability around the heat-mortality relationship and climate model explained 40.3 and 46.6 % of total variability. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the importance of a long-term perspective in the public health prevention of heat exposure, particularly in the context of a changing climate.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",null,null,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1326,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,2,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":9},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1326,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1326,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Lungu, E. A., Biesma, R., Chirwa, M. and Darker, C.",2016,"Healthcare seeking practices and barriers to accessing under-five child health services in urban slums in Malawi: a qualitative study","BACKGROUND: Access to child health services is an important determinant of child health. Whereas, child health indicators are generally better in urban than rural areas, some population groups in urban areas, such as children residing in urban slums do not enjoy this urban health advantage. In the context of increasing urbanisation and urban poverty manifesting with proliferation of urban slums, the health of under-five children in slum areas remains a public health imperative in Malawi. This paper explores healthcare-seeking practices for common childhood illnesses focusing on use of biomedical health services and perceived barriers to accessing under-five child health services in urban slums of Lilongwe, Malawi's capital city. METHODS: Qualitative data from 8 focus group discussions with caregivers and 11 in-depth interviews with key informants conducted from September 2012 to April 2013 were analysed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS: Whereas, caregivers sought care from biomedical health providers, late care-seeking also emerged as a major theme and phenomenon. Home management was actively undertaken for childhood illnesses. Various health system barriers: lack of medicines and supplies; long waiting times; late facility opening times; negative attitude of health workers; suboptimal examination of the sick child; long distance to health facility; and cost of healthcare were cited in this qualitative inquiry as critical health system factors affecting healthcare-seeking for child health services. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to strengthen the health system's responsiveness to expectations are essential to promote utilisation of child health services among urban slum populations, and ultimately improve child health and survival.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1327,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1327,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Looks, P. and Wolfram, N.",2016,"Healthy ageing - Creating of city walks by and for citizens","Due to demographic changes, effective preventive measures on local level should be developed. This paper presents a project for elderly people which aims at the promotion (1) of the identification with their housing area and (2) of their physical activity and (3) of the participation in local strategies for active ageing. The result of the project is a booklet which was done by participating inhabitants. Copyright © 2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","physcial inactivity",1,29,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"multiple",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1328,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1328,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1328,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Livesley, S. J., McPherson, G. M. and Calfapietra, C.",2016,"The urban forest and ecosystem services: Impacts on urban water, heat, and pollution cycles at the tree, street, and city scale","Many environmental challenges are exacerbated within the urban landscape, such as stormwater runoff and flood risk, chemical and particulate pollution of urban air, soil and water, the urban heat island, and summer heat waves. Urban trees, and the urban forest as a whole, can be managed to have an impact on the urban water, heat, carbon and pollution cycles. However, there is an increasing need for empirical evidence as to the magnitude of the impacts, both beneficial and adverse, that urban trees can provide and the role that climatic region and built landscape circumstance play in modifying those impacts. This special section presents new research that advances our knowledge of the ecological and environmental services provided by the urban forest. The 14 studies included provide a global perspective on the role of trees in towns and cities from five continents. Some studies provide evidence for the cooling benefit of the local microclimate in urban green space with and without trees. Other studies focus solely on the cooling benefit of urban tree transpiration at a mesoscale or on cooling from canopy shade at a street and pedestrian scale. Other studies are concerned with tree species differences in canopy interception of rainfall, water uptake from biofilter systems, and water quality improvements through nutrient uptake from stormwater runoff. Research reported here also considers both the positive and the negative impacts of trees on air quality, through the role of trees in removing air pollutants such as ozone as well as in releasing potentially harmful volatile organic compounds and allergenic particulates. A transdisciplinary framework to support future urban forest research is proposed to better understand and communicate the role of urban trees in urban biogeochemical cycles that are highly disturbed, highly managed, and of paramount importance to human health and well-being. Copyright © American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1329,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1329,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Li, W., Maduro, G. A. and Begier, E. M.",2016,"Increased Life Expectancy in New York City, 2001-2010: An Exploration by Cause of Death and Demographic Characteristics","OBJECTIVE: New York City's (NYC's) life expectancy gains have been greater than those seen nationally. We examined life-expectancy changes over the past decade in selected NYC subpopulations and explored which age groups and causes of death contributed most to the increases.","n",{"$nulls":15},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1330,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1330,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Lehikoinen, M., Arffman, M., Manderbacka, K., Elovainio, M. and Keskimäki, I.",2016,"Comparative observational study of mortality amenable by health policy and care between rural and urban Finland: No excess segregation of mortality in the capital despite its increasing residential differentiation","Background: Large cities are often claimed to display more distinct geographical and socioeconomic health inequalities than other areas due to increasing residential differentiation. Our aim was to assess whether geographical inequalities in mortality within the capital (City of Helsinki) both exceeded that in other types of geographical areas in Finland, and whether those differences were dependent on socioeconomic inequalities. Methods: We analysed the inequality of distribution separately for overall, ischemic heart disease and alcohol-related mortality, and mortality amenable (AM) to health care interventions in 1992-2008 in three types of geographical areas in Finland: City of Helsinki, other large cities, and small towns and rural areas. Mortality data were acquired as secondary data from the Causes of Death statistics from Statistics Finland. The assessment of changing geographical differences over time, that is geographical inequalities, was performed using Gini coefficients. As some of these differences might arise from socioeconomic factors, we assessed socioeconomic differences with concentration indices in parallel to an analysis of geographical differences. To conclude the analysis, we compared the changes over time of these inequalities between the three geographical areas. Results: While mortality rates mainly decreased, alcohol-related mortality in the lowest income quintile increased. Statistically significant differences over time were found in all mortality groups, varying between geographical areas. Socioeconomic differences existed in all mortality groups and geographical areas. In the study period, geographica differences in mortality remained relatively stable but income differences increased substantially. For instance, the values of concentration indices for AM changed by 54 % in men (p < 0.027) and by 62 % in women (p < 0.016). Only slight differences existed in the time trends of Gini or in the concentration indices between the geographical areas. Conclusions: No geographical or income-related differences in the distribution of mortality existed between Helsinki and other urban or rural areas of Finland. This suggests that the effect of increasing residential differentiation in the capital may have been mitigated by the policies of positive discrimination and social mixing. One of the main reasons for the increase in health inequalities was growth of alcohol-related mortality, especially among those with the lowest incomes. © 2016 Lehikoinen et al.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",null,null,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1331,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,2,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":9},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1331,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1331,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Lehikoinen, M., Arffman, M., Manderbacka, K., Elovainio, M. and Keskimaki, I.",2016,"Comparative observational study of mortality amenable by health policy and care between rural and urban Finland: No excess segregation of mortality in the capital despite its increasing residential differentiation","Background: Large cities are often claimed to display more distinct geographical and socioeconomic health inequalities than other areas due to increasing residential differentiation. Our aim was to assess whether geographical inequalities in mortality within the capital (City of Helsinki) both exceeded that in other types of geographical areas in Finland, and whether those differences were dependent on socioeconomic inequalities. Methods: We analysed the inequality of distribution separately for overall, ischemic heart disease and alcohol-related mortality, and mortality amenable (AM) to health care interventions in 1992-2008 in three types of geographical areas in Finland: City of Helsinki, other large cities, and small towns and rural areas. Mortality data were acquired as secondary data from the Causes of Death statistics from Statistics Finland. The assessment of changing geographical differences over time, that is geographical inequalities, was performed using Gini coefficients. As some of these differences might arise from socioeconomic factors, we assessed socioeconomic differences with concentration indices in parallel to an analysis of geographical differences. To conclude the analysis, we compared the changes over time of these inequalities between the three geographical areas. Results: While mortality rates mainly decreased, alcohol-related mortality in the lowest income quintile increased. Statistically significant differences over time were found in all mortality groups, varying between geographical areas. Socioeconomic differences existed in all mortality groups and geographical areas. In the study period, geographica differences in mortality remained relatively stable but income differences increased substantially. For instance, the values of concentration indices for AM changed by 54 % in men (p < 0.027) and by 62 % in women (p < 0.016). Only slight differences existed in the time trends of Gini or in the concentration indices between the geographical areas. Conclusions: No geographical or income-related differences in the distribution of mortality existed between Helsinki and other urban or rural areas of Finland. This suggests that the effect of increasing residential differentiation in the capital may have been mitigated by the policies of positive discrimination and social mixing. One of the main reasons for the increase in health inequalities was growth of alcohol-related mortality, especially among those with the lowest incomes. Copyright © 2016 Lehikoinen et al.","n","duplicate",null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1332,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1332,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Langeveld, K., Stronks, K. and Harting, J.",2016,"Use of a knowledge broker to establish healthy public policies in a city district: a developmental evaluation","BACKGROUND: Public health is to a large extent determined by non-health-sector policies. One approach to address this apparent paradox is to establish healthy public policies. This requires policy makers in non-health sectors to become more aware of the health impacts of their policies, and more willing to adopt evidence-informed policy measures to improve health. We employed a knowledge broker to set the agenda for health and to specify health-promoting policy alternatives. This study aimed at gaining in-depth understanding of how this knowledge broker approach works. METHODS: In the context of a long-term partnership between the two universities in Amsterdam and the municipal public health service, we employed a knowledge broker who worked part-time at a university and part-time for an Amsterdam city district. When setting an agenda and specifying evidence-informed policy alternatives, we considered three individual policy portfolios as well as the policy organization of the city district. We evaluated and developed the knowledge broker approach through action research using participant observation. RESULTS: Our knowledge brokering strategy led to the adoption of several policy alternatives in individual policy portfolios, and was especially successful in agenda-setting for health. More specifically, health became an issue on the formal policy agenda as evidenced by its uptake in the city district's mid-term review and the appointment of a policy analyst for health. Our study corroborated the importance of process factors such as building trust, clearly distinguishing the knowledge broker role, and adequate management support. We also saw the benefits of multilevel agenda-setting and specifying policy alternatives at appropriate policy levels. Sector-specific responsibilities hampered the adoption of cross-sectoral policy alternatives, while thematically designed policy documents offered opportunities for including them. Further interpretation revealed three additional themes in knowledge brokering: boundary spanning, a ripple effect, and participant observation. CONCLUSIONS: The employment of a knowledge broker who works simultaneously on both agenda-setting for health as well as the specification of health-promoting policy alternatives seems to be a promising first step in establishing local healthy public policies. Future studies are needed to explore the usefulness of our approach in further policy development and policy implementation.","n","duplicae",null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1333,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1333,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Hickey, K. T., Hauser, N. R., Valente, L. E., Riga, T. C., Frulla, A. P., Masterson Creber, R., Whang, W., Garan, H., Jia, H., Sciacca, R. R. and et al.",2016,"A single-center randomized, controlled trial investigating the efficacy of a mHealth ECG technology intervention to improve the detection of atrial fibrillation: the iHEART study protocol","BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is a major public health problem and is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, affecting an estimated 2.7 million Americans. The true prevalence of atrial fibrillation is likely underestimated because episodes are often sporadic; therefore, it is challenging to detect and record an occurrence in a \"real world\" setting. To date, mobile health tools that promote earlier detection and treatment of atrial fibrillation and improvement in self‐management behaviors and knowledge have not been evaluated. This study will be the first to address the epidemic problem of atrial fibrillation with a novel approach utilizing advancements in mobile health electrocardiogram technology to empower patients to actively engage in their healthcare and to evaluate impact on quality of life and quality‐adjusted life years. Furthermore, sending a daily electrocardiogram transmission, coupled with receiving educational and motivational text messages aimed at promoting self‐management and a healthy lifestyle may improve the management of chronic cardiovascular conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, etc.). Therefore, we are currently conducting a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of a mobile health intervention, iPhone® Helping Evaluate Atrial fibrillation Rhythm through Technology (iHEART) versus usual cardiac care. METHODS: The iHEART study is a single center, prospective, randomized controlled trial. A total of 300 participants with a recent history of atrial fibrillation will be enrolled. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to receive the iHEART intervention, receiving an iPhone® equipped with an AliveCor® Mobile ECG and accompanying Kardia application and behavioral altering motivational text messages or usual cardiac care for 6 months. DISCUSSION: This will be the first study to investigate the utility of a mobile health intervention in a \"real world\" setting. We will evaluate the ability of the iHEART intervention to improve the detection and treatment of recurrent atrial fibrillation and assess the intervention's impact on improving clinical outcomes, quality of life, quality‐adjusted life‐years and disease‐specific knowledge. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02731326 ; Verified April 2016.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1334,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1334,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Herrero-Martin, G. and Zurita, A.",2016,"Influence of urban gardens in food, physical activity and emotions of elderly","Introduction: Urban gardens are used for growing plots aimed at recovering urban spaces, environmental education and the creation of social spaces. In Spain its surface has increased by 15 over the last 7 years. The elderly population is one of the most sensitive to suffer nutritional imbalance, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates, as well as cognitive impairment, stroke and decreased appetite, physical activity, oral health problems and mood disorder. There are no studies that compare the influence of urban gardens at the lifestyle of gardeners. Methods: Surveys were designed with 12 questions on social and cultural factors, lifestyle, culture and impact on the habits of the garden. They were polled to 55 gardeners in rural and city areas from Seville and were explained by a nutritionist. Data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows. Results: Mostly of surveyed increased vegetable consumption after cultivate their own gardens. Everyone agreed the increase of vegetables rich food, including some had not tried before, preferring to consume their own vegetables because of the satisfaction of grow it themselves and due to its tastier flavor. Half of the respondents showed a greater concern for eating healthier working from their own garden, in rural areas. It is noteworthy that more than half were physically active only when they went to the garden. Conclusions, discussion and/or practical application: Urban garden work goes beyond a place of distraction, mainly in rural areas. It represents a social work, since for many of them, is the only place to talk to other people, feeling part of a community, bringing joy and physical and mental wellbeing. The social horticulture is a therapeutic and effective way of social care that promotes wellness in the elderly with social, mental and physical problems. Moreover it promotes an active and healthy life, so that urban gardens improve the healthy lifestyle in terms of physical, nutritional, social and emotionally. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors of this document can confirm there is no conflict of interests.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","green",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1335,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":36},2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"seville",320,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1335,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sevilla"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1335,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Spain"},"SpainSevilla",4,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1335,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Cai, H., Wang, H., Guo, T. and Bao, G.",2016,"Application of Telemedicine in Gansu Province of China","Telemedicine has become an increasingly popular option for long-distance health care and continuing education. As information and communication technology is underdeveloped in China, telemedicine develops slowly. At present, telemedicine consultation centers are situated mainly in developed cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. In many less developed regions, such as northwest China, the conditions or related facilities are not available for the application of a better medical service. Accordingly, the aim of this paper was to introduce the construction and application of a telemedicine consultation center in Gansu Province in the northwest of China. In addition, the function of Gansu Provincial Telemedicine Consultation Center on emergency public events was introduced. As a whole, there was a great demand for telemedicine service in the local medical institutions. In the telemedicine consultation center, the telemedicine equipments and regulations were needed to be improved. The function of telemedicine service was not fully used, there was a large space to be applied and the publicity of telemedicine service was important. What is important was that telemedicine played a significance role in promoting the medical policy reform, improving the medical environment and launching the remote rescue in the emergency public events. This paper emphasizes the health care challenges of poor regions, and indicates how to share the high-quality medical service of provincial hospitals effectively and how to help residents in resource-poor environments. Copyright © 2016 Cai et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1336,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1336,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Bloome, J., Tian, D., Alkov, D., Scherr-Williams, A., Saint-Hilaire, L. and Wu, D.",2016,"A resident-led initiative to address the impact of law enforcement interactions on patients","NEEDS AND OBJECTIVES: Public attention has recently turned towards the epidemic of police violence in inner-city communities, encouraged by social movements such as Black Lives Matter. In clinics and hospitals, health care providers routinely care for individual survivors of violence. However, medical residents and other providers may struggle to identify ways in which they can engage social movements and create change more broadly. After attending this session, participants will be able to: --Recognize opportunities for medical residents to engage social movements as an educational tool - Identify ways in which residency programs and educators can support resident-driven advocacy initiatives -Describe methods for physicians to address social determinants of health, including interactions with law enforcement SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Inspired by the Black Lives Matter movement, residents at San Francisco General Hospital organized, seeking to understand police violence as a public health issue. Here, we explore how this group of residents sought to educate themselves, their peers, and their community. DESCRIPTION: Residents from the Departments of Internal Medicine, Family and Community Medicine, and Emergency Medicine formed a multidisciplinary working group to educate ourselves on ways that police violence impacts our patients. Reflecting on our patients' traumatic encounters with law enforcement, we realized these issues were especially relevant within our own hospital, where the Sheriff's Department provides security. Through small-group self-education, we identified ways in which police interactions affect our community. We then partnered with community organizations to understand the rights of arrested and incarcerated patients within the health care setting. With faculty support, we developed a well-attended hospital-wide grand rounds panel discussion on the intersection of medicine and law enforcement. This experience led us to develop a quality improvement project to address the lack of standardization in hospital security protocols when the Sheriff is called. We created a checklist to encourage best practices in communication between health care providers and security staff, with the goal of improving patient experiences and minimizing the use of force. Recognizing our efforts, hospital management invited residents from the working group to join a multidisciplinary team of medical providers, hospital administrators, and security officers to improve handling of patient security on our campus. EVALUATION: This educational effort harnessed small-group learning, lectures, and experiential learning through quality improvement. Process metrics included attendance at educational sessions and the successful inclusion of residents, attending physicians, nurses, administrators, and security staff in a multidisciplinary working group. Outcome metrics included the integration of a best practices security checklist into formal hospital policy. Data collection via this checklist is underway and will allow better understanding of the role of security in the hospital, as well as identify ways to decrease the use of unnecessary force. DISCUSSION / REFLECTION / LESSONS LEARNED: While the primary focus of residency is the clinical education of residents, training programs should encourage leadership and the pursuit of social change through community engagement. Residencyled advocacy initiatives, especially with faculty support, can be an effective educational tool to foster awareness of social determinants of health and to translate these understandings into changes in clinical practice. Our experience demonstrated manners in which residents interested in a broader social issue can work together and with faculty to develop their interests. Our efforts showed how a multidisciplinary working group can identify previously unharnessed resources to teach residents. For instance, internal medicine residents can learn de-escalation techniques for agitated patients from psychiatric nursing staff who regularly use these skills. In ddition, our efforts showed how experiential learning through quality improvement projects can help residents improve the sustainability of change by engaging hospital leadership. More broadly, history has shown that health care institutions can choose to perpetuate or to dismantle structural inequality. Importantly, we realized that turning a critical eye on health care institutions is key in improving communities' trust of doctors, as well as improving health care outcomes for historically marginalized communities.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1337,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1337,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Andrusaityte, S., Grazuleviciene, R., Kudzyte, J., Bernotiene, A., Dedele, A. and Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J.",2016,"Associations between neighbourhood greenness and asthma in preschool children in Kaunas, Lithuania: a case-control study","OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between surrounding greenness levels and asthma among children, and to explore a possible change of this association by the distance of the residence to a city park.","y",null,null,"journal article","asthma",1,5,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"Kaunas",293,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1338,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kaunas"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1338,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Lithuania"},"LithuaniaKaunas",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1338,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1338,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Adee, Sally",2016,"The road to hell is paved with corporate wellness","An interview with City, University of London's Cass Business School professor of organisational behaviour, André Spicer, is presented. He talks about developments in the corporate culture as of early December 2016, particularly the growing interest by employers in improving the health and happiness of their workers. He cites the studies showing that regular exercise increases the productivity and efficiency of employees.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1339,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1339,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["not stated",2016,"Decreased Body Mass Index in Schoolchildren After Yearlong Information Sessions With Parents Reinforced With Web and Mobile Phone Resources: community Trial","BACKGROUND: The obesity pandemic has now reached children, and households should change their lifestyles to prevent it. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the effect of a comprehensive intervention on body mass index z‐score (BMIZ) in schoolchildren. METHODS: A yearlong study was conducted at 4 elementary schools in Mexico City. Intervention group (IG) and control group (CG) were split equally between governmental and private schools. Three educational in‐person parents and children sessions were held at 2‐month intervals to promote healthy eating habits and exercise. To reinforce the information, a website provided extensive discussion on a new topic every 2 weeks, including school snack menus and tools to calculate body mass index in children and adults. Text messages were sent to parents' mobile phones reinforcing the information provided. The IG contained 226 children and CG 181 children. We measured their weight and height and calculated BMIZ at 0, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: The CG children showed a change of +0.06 (95% CI 0.01, 0.11) and +0.05 (95% CI 0.01, 0.10) in their BMIZ at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The BMIZ of IG children decreased by ‐0.13 (95% CI ‐0.19 to ‐0.06) and ‐0.10 (95% CI ‐0.16 to ‐0.03), respectively, and the effect was greater in children with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive intervention tested had beneficial effects, preserved the BMIZ of normal weight children, and reduced the BMIZ of children with obesity.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1340,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":1},2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"mexico city",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1340,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1340,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1340,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":17},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1340,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Xu, F., Ware, R. S., Leslie, E., Tse, L. A., Wang, Z., Li, J. and Wang, Y.",2015,"Effectiveness of a randomized controlled lifestyle intervention to prevent obesity among Chinese primary school students: click-obesity study","Background: Childhood obesity has been increasing rapidly worldwide. There is limited evidence for effective lifestyle interventions to prevent childhood obesity worldwide, especially in developing countries like China. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a school‐based multi‐component lifestyle childhood obesity prevention program (the CLICK‐Obesity study) in Mainland China. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was developed among grade 4 students from 8 urban primary schools (638 students in intervention, 544 as control) in Nanjing City, China. Students were randomly allocated to the control or intervention group at school‐level. A oneyear multi‐component intervention program (classroom curriculum, school environment support, family involvement and fun programs/events) together with routine health education was provided to the intervention group, while the control group received routine health education only. The main outcome variables assessed were changes in body mass index, obesity occurrence, obesity‐related lifestyle behaviors and knowledge. Results: Overall, 1108 (93.7%) of the 1182 enrolled students completed the intervention study. The intervention group had a larger marginal reduction than did the control group in overall mean BMI value (‐0.32+/‐1.36 vs. ‐0.29+/‐1.40, p = 0.09), although this was not significant. Compared with the control group, the intervention group was more likely to decrease their BMI (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.10, 1.87) by 0.5 kg/m2 or above, increase the frequency of jogging/running (OR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.18, 2.02), decrease the frequency of TV/computer use (OR = 1.41, 95%CI = 1.09, 1.84) and of red meat consumption (OR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.15, 1.95), change commuting mode to/from school from sedentary to active mode (OR = 2.24, 95%CI = 1.47, 3.40), and be aware of the harm of selected obesity risk factors. Conclusions: The school‐based lifestyle intervention program was practical and effective in improving health behaviors and obesity‐related knowledge for children in China. This study provides important policy implications on school‐based intervention programs for modifications of obesity‐related lifestyles.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1341,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":1},2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"nanjing",252,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1341,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nanjing"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1341,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"China"},"ChinaNanjing",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1341,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1341,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},2]
["Wiecha, J. M., Adams, W. G., Rybin, D., Rizzodepaoli, M., Keller, J. and Clay, J. M.",2015,"Evaluation of a web-based asthma self-management system: a randomised controlled pilot trial","BACKGROUND: Asthma is the most common chronic condition of childhood and disproportionately affects inner‐city minority children. Low rates of asthma preventer medication adherence is a major contributor to poor asthma control in these patients. Web‐based methods have potential to improve patient knowledge and medication adherence by providing interactive patient education, monitoring of symptoms and medication use, and by facilitation of communication and teamwork among patients and health care providers. Few studies have evaluated web‐based asthma support environments using all of these potentially beneficial interventions. The multidimensional website created for this study, BostonBreathes, was designed to intervene on multiple levels, and was evaluated in a pilot trial. METHODS: An interactive, engaging website for children with asthma was developed to promote adherence to asthma medications, provide a platform for teamwork between caregivers and patients, and to provide primary care providers with up‐to‐date symptom information and data on medication use. Fifty‐eight (58) children primarily from inner city Boston with persistent‐level asthma were randomised to either usual care or use of BostonBreathes. Subjects completed asthma education activities, and reported their symptoms and medication use. Primary care providers used a separate interface to monitor their patients' website use, their reported symptoms and medication use, and were able to communicate online via a discussion board with their patients and with an asthma specialist. RESULTS: After 6‐months, reported wheezing improved significantly in both intervention and control groups, and there were significant improvements in the intervention group only in night‐time awakening and parental loss of sleep, but there were no significant differences between intervention and control groups in these measures. Emergency room or acute visits to a physician for asthma did not significantly change in either group. Among the subgroup of subjects with low controller medication adherence at baseline, adherence improved significantly only in the intervention group. Knowledge of the purpose of controller medicine increased significantly in the intervention group, a statistically significant improvement over the control group. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that a multidimensional web‐based educational, monitoring, and communication platform may have positive influences on pediatric patients' asthma‐related knowledge and use of asthma preventer medications.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","asthma",1,5,2,null,4,null,0,0,0,"boston",23,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1342,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"boston"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1342,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaboston",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1342,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":9},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1342,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},1]
["Smith, B., Metzker, K., Waite, R. and Gerrity, P.",2015,"Short-form mindfulness-based stress reduction reduces anxiety and improves health-related quality of life in an inner-city population","Mindfulness‐based stress reduction is a mindfulness‐based intervention that is an effective treatment modality for many conditions including stress, anxiety, and depression. Using data from 23 patients who completed a short‐form mindfulness‐based stress reduction course at a federally qualified health center, a quasi‐experimental design was used to assess the impact of participation on self‐reported anxiety, stress, mindfulness, and quality of life. Mindfulness and stress showed improvements from pre‐ to posttests, but neither difference achieved statistical significance. Participants showed statistically significant decreases in anxiety (7‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale score: 7.8‐4.4; P = .005) and improvements in health‐related quality of life including the 36‐item Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey Mental Component Summary (+9.1; P = .001), Physical Functioning (+6.6; P = .039), Vitality (+16.1; P = .001), Social Functioning (+16.9; P = .003), Role Physical (+16.8; P = .016), and Mental Health (+15.6; P < .001) subscales. These findings suggest that an abbreviated mindfulness‐based stress reduction course can serve to reduce anxiety and improve quality of life in an underserved population.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",null,null,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1343,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,2,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":9},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1343,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1343,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Pulido, M. L., Dauber, S., Tully, B. A., Hamilton, P., Smith, M. J. and Freeman, K.",2015,"Knowledge Gains Following a Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Program Among Urban Students: a Cluster-Randomized Evaluation","OBJECTIVES: We evaluated a school‐based child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention program, Safe Touches, in a low‐socioeconomic status, racially diverse sample. METHODS: Participants were 492 second‐ and third‐grade students at 6 public elementary schools in New York City. The study period spanned fall 2012 through summer 2014. We cluster‐randomized classrooms to the Safe Touches intervention or control groups and assessed outcomes with the Children's Knowledge of Abuse Questionnaire. Hierarchical models tested change in children's knowledge of inappropriate and appropriate touch. RESULTS: The intervention group showed significantly greater improvement than the control group on knowledge of inappropriate touch. Children in second grade and children in schools with a greater proportion of students in general (vs special) education showed greater gains than other participants in knowledge of inappropriate touch. We observed no significant change in knowledge of appropriate touch among control or intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS: Young children benefited from a school‐based, 1‐time CSA prevention program. Future research should explore the efficacy of CSA prevention programs with children before the second grade to determine optimal age for participation.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",null,null,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1344,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,2,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":9},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1344,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1344,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Novick, G., Womack, J. A., Lewis, J., Stasko, E. C., Rising, S. S., Sadler, L. S., Cunningham, S. C., Tobin, J. N. and Ickovics, J. R.",2015,"Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators During Implementation of a Complex Model of Group Prenatal Care in Six Urban Sites","Group prenatal care improves perinatal outcomes, but implementing this complex model places substantial demands on settings designed for individual care. To describe perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing and sustaining CenteringPregnancy Plus (CP+) group prenatal care, 24 in‐depth interviews were conducted with 22 clinicians, staff, administrators, and study personnel in six of the 14 sites of a randomized trial of the model. All sites served low‐income, minority women. Sites for the present evaluation were selected for variation in location, study arm, and initial implementation response. Implementing CP+ was challenging in all sites, requiring substantial adaptations of clinical systems. All sites had barriers to meeting the model's demands, but how sites responded to these barriers affected whether implementation thrived or struggled. Thriving sites had organizational cultures that supported innovation, champions who advocated for CP+, and staff who viewed logistical demands as manageable hurdles. Struggling sites had bureaucratic organizational structures and lacked buy‐in and financial resources, and staff were overwhelmed by the model's challenges. Findings suggested that implementing and sustaining health care innovation requires new practices and different ways of thinking, and health systems may not fully recognize the magnitude of change required. Consequently, evidence‐based practices are modified or discontinued, and outcomes may differ from those in the original controlled studies. Before implementing new models of care, clinical settings should anticipate model demands and assess capacity for adapting to the disruptions of innovation.","n",null,null,"Journal Article",null,null,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1345,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,2,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":9},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1345,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1345,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Nct",2015,"Happy Family Kitchen Movement Project","In 2011, United Nations (UN) gathered to address the prevention and control of non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. The UN, in its Political Declaration, recognized the critical importance of reducing the level of exposure to the common modifiable risk factors for NCDs, such as physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. In Hong Kong, NCDs are responsible for more than 85% of all deaths and most of these are preventable. FAMILY Project Cohort Study (2014) also found that 88.6% of Hong Kong people had inadequate vegetable and fruit intake, 70.6% had inadequate physical exercise, 26.4% were overweight and 5.4% were obese. Hong Kong, being the most westernized and developed city of China, can take a leading role in promoting and implementing the UN Political Declaration. Families worldwide are undergoing rapid changes together with macro, social and economic trends. Demographic shifts, economic upheavals, changing societal norms and values, both immigration across national borders and migration within nations are creating new and altered structures, processes, and relationships within families. The increasingly complex and diverse family structure is leading to a major concern in the well‐being of families in Hong Kong, including their health, happiness and harmony (3Hs). Family life and health education should be strengthened to meet the increasing needs of healthy lifestyle promotion. The results from the baseline findings of FAMILY Project Cohort Study (2014) revealed that only 27.9% of the participants considered themselves to be 'happy' while 15.6% of the participants were classified as 'unhappy'. Nearly one‐third (30.7%) of the participants reported having experienced at least one stressful life event in the previous year due to heavier workload (10.8%), serious health problems of a family member (6.8%), worsening financial situation (6.2%), health problems (5.1%), or death of a family member (4.7%). Furthermore, more than half of the participants (52.5%) reported having some source of dyadic conflict with family members. In response to these family and health challenges, the Happy Family Kitchen Movement (HFKM) project, with a focus on \"FAMILY Holistic Health\", will be conducted at territory‐wide level in Hong Kong. There are now many definitions and operationally defined terms on family health. On the functional level, the terms family health, family functioning, and healthy family are often used interchangeably (Hanson & Boyd, 1996). Family health has been described as complex system, interactions, relationships and processes with the potential to enhance both well‐being and the entire household's health, and routines in the family may affect family health (Denham, 1999, 2002; Yoshikawa, 2012). Despite the different perspectives in the definitions, family health should be holistically defined, encompass both wellness and illness variables and focus on the interactive, developmental, functional, psychosocial, and health processes of family experience (Anderson & Tomlinso, 1992). Hence, the HFK Movement project will focus on \"FAMILY Holistic Health\" which is to emphasize a more comprehensive and wide reaching aim and includes the physical, psychological and social aspects of well‐being. Over the past six years, the FAMILY project has been working on community‐based projects to promote 3Hs. Since September 2010, the Happy Family Kitchen I project (HFK) was launched in Yuen Long district, with the mission to promote 3Hs by building capacity for families on positive communication. As a component of the FAMILY Project, the HFK project had demonstrated the impact to build up an effective practice model through collaboration among various project partners. HFK II was an improved version, extended and introduced to Tsuen Wan & Kwai Tsing districts in April 2012. The School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, collaborated with The Hong Kong Council of Social Service in the training, design and implementation, and conducted project evaluations for HFK I & II projects, which showed that the p ojects were well received by the family members in Yuen Long, Tsuen Wan and Kwai Tsing districts, with significantly improved 3Hs and intervention‐related behaviors. Therefore, the HFKM project is developed based on the strong foundation of the HFK projects in the previous years. In view of the physical health challenges locally and globally, the new phase of FAMILY project will put more emphasis on physical health in the upcoming three years. Following the theme on FAMILY 3Hs, the new work focus is to promote family holistic health with emphasis on the interaction and integration of physical and psychosocial health. In Hong Kong, most 'health projects' only focus on individual's physical health and usually separate physical from mental or psychosocial health. The focus of this project not only emphasizes on individuals' health but on the family's holistic health. It is aimed to help family members influence each other for healthier lifestyles. The focus on family is a new and unique concept which is an innovative, long‐term and highly sustainable at the community level. With the involvement of family members, Hong Kong families can change their lifestyles and make a difference and impact on their health. A family‐focused approach will be used and a holistic perspective will be adopted to design a sustainable family holistic health intervention model in the community to meet the global health challenges. The innovative family holistic health intervention model will emphasize on the interaction and integration of physical health and psychosocial health, based on positive psychology (Seligman, 2002; Seligman, 2011; Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000), using physical exercise and healthy diet as the platform to promote finer and fitter families, which will ultimately enhance the 3Hs. Thus, the ultimate objective of the community‐based project is family holistic health for 3Hs. In practice, innovative integrated positive psychology, public health theories and minimal methods will be used to develop brief, simple and cost‐effective interventions targeted at families, in collaboration with experienced NGO partners and community stakeholders. Training workshops for the promotion of family holistic health will be conducted for the facilitators of the community‐based family intervention programs. Hence, a larger number of people will be able to benefit from the program which can have greater sustainability and wider dissemination as it will be easy to administer and the costs will be low. The community‐based family intervention programs will be aimed at promoting a higher level of physical exercise and a healthy diet for people of all ages which will enhance family interaction, pleasure and well‐being. The use of positive psychology approach can help families develop positive attitudes and stronger motivation for healthy lifestyles. By working together with family members to have more physical exercise and consume less sugar, the process will be enjoyable with quick and measurable benefits, which will ultimately enhance sustainability within the family and beyond. The evaluations conducted will be vigorous and evidence generating with quantitative and qualitative methods and follow‐ups to assess behavioral changes and improvements in the key components of family well‐being. For program development, process evaluation will also be a source for data collection. This study has two major objectives: 1. To examine the effectiveness of positive psychology and physical exercise intervention (PE) for the promotion of family health, happiness and harmony (3Hs). 2. To examine the effectiveness of positive psychology and healthy diet intervention (HD) for the promotion of family health, happiness and harmony (3Hs). The community‐based family intervention is expected to: 1. improve family health, happiness and harmony 2. promote physical and psychosocial health 3. enhance family communication 4. encourage behaviors on positive psychology, physical exercise and healthy diet","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1346,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":4},2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"hong kong",91,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1346,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hong Kong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1346,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHong Kong",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1346,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1346,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Goldberg, David, Thornicroft, Graham, Abbasinejad, Maryam, Amaddeo, Francesco, Andrews, Gavin, Ballester, Dinarte, Baron, Stephen T., Bell, Stuart, Busnello, Ellis, Buster, Marcel, Dekker, Jack J. M., Dymi, Klement, Hajebi, Ahmad, James, Mathew, Kastrup, Marianne, LeCount, David, dos Santos Leite, Loiva, Mohit, Ahmad, Murthy, R. Srinivasa, Naotaka, Shinfuku, dos Santos, Sara Jane Escouto, Sartorius, Norman, Taylor, Crista, Theunissen, Jan, Tietzmann, Ana Cristina, Tuinbreijer, Wilco, Westcoat, Kathleen and de Witt, Matty A. S.",2017,"Mental health care in 11 major cities over two decades","This chapter investigates how mental health services have changed over the past two decades in a selection of 11 major cities from four different continents. Overall, deinstitutionalization has moved patient care away from hospitals and into community settings where mental health centers are now developing outpatient services. The cities presented are Amsterdam (the Netherlands), Baltimore (the United States), Bangalore (India), Copenhagen (Denmark), Kobe (Japan), London (United Kingdom), Porto Alegre (Brazil), Sydney (Australia), Madison (the United States), Tehran (Iran), and Verona (Italy). These cities have been selected to represent a global perspective including different continents, cultures, and religions. This chapter reports of several promising community care initiatives and evidence that the era of institutionalization may be ending. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Book","Mental Health",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1347,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$E$507,3,FALSE)","v":25},2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"multiple",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1347,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1347,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1347,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Long, J.",2016,"Helping students envision justice in the sustainable city","As cities in the developed world continue to advance projects intended to reduce their eco-footprint, improve the health and well-being of their citizens, and sustain their local economies, they face the challenge of just and equitable implementation. Even those cities with excellent reputations for sustainability endure significant disparities and inequalities that undermine the overall goals of sustainable development. This exercise reveals the challenges and complexities of equitable planning for urban sustainability and assists students in the development of critical thinking skills that can help them identify the economic, social, and environmental disparities within urban landscapes. The exercise ends by asking students to consider ways of promoting justice and equitable development in the sustainable city. After completing this activity, students should be able to (1) critically engage with the concept of \"urban sustainability\" to reveal the challenges of equitable sustainable development in a city; (2) describe the concepts of environmental and social justice as they relate to patterns of unequal distribution of social services, infrastructure, and environmental amenities in a city; and (3) articulate their responsibilities as urban citizens pursuing a sustainable lifestyle and consider how their position may provide them with advantages or disadvantages compared to others in this pursuit. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016.","n",null,null,"Book Section",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1348,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1348,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Narayan, N.",2016,"Heath care providers in Delhi metropolitan cities","Many studies have been carried out around the issues of health. They cover almost all areas which may offer a potential solution to ensure good health and “health for all”. Many perspectives have been used to analyze and understand the issues. Much of the literature which has evolved in public health is contributed by various disciplinary Marxist-perspective-influenced public health researchers to venture into understanding the role of social class in accessibility and utilization in terms of the division between ‘have’ and ‘have-not’; urban and rural; male and female; educated and uneducated; worker and non-worker, among them organized sector and unorganized sector. Principally, there are two actors involved in mission ‘Health for all’. One is known as health service seeker and second is health services provider. Most studies have concentrated on only one component-health service seeker, from different angles. Very few have examined the second component of health service provider. The thrust has largely been in understanding the user rather than the provider. This paper is an attempt to understand this second and equally important component responsible for providing health care services from sociological perspective. It comprises three sections. Dealing with ‘perspective’ pertaining to the fundamental question theoretically; to define the contesting hypothesis around the perspective; and to explain the hypothesis from the data gathered, other issues and concerns in sociological manner. In this attempt, to locate the place of any occupational category in social structure, subjective status perceptions that the category has of itself are of vital importance, in addition to the objective attributes. Therefore, the purpose of the present paper is to analyze the objective attributes of doctors; subjective perception they have of their status mostly in context of the larger society and within the occupational community of health personnel. This study, undertaken in Delhi examines the interpersonal relations between the doctors and their patient in context of social background. To analyze the reciprocal behaviour of the doctors and patients and attributes age, sex, income, rural and urban communities and educational standards and their impact on the interactions and interrelations, in the context of health care providers social backgrounds. Whatever medical services available are good but the availability in the context to provider is not same, because the professionals (as member) is a unit of society which is stratified in account of different level. Hence the available services are still beyond the reach of common man or the quality of service which is provided to them. The concern of this study is that the medical profession comes from the upper status of society and their process of socialization and high-tech education is totally different from the common man, to whom they provide services. The role performance of any professional group partly depends on how far it has been able to change its pre-professional attitudes acquired during the period of primary socialization before entering in the professional training. © Springer India 2017.","n",null,null,"Book Section",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1349,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1349,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Parvin, G. A., Shaw, R. and Shumi, K. F.",2016,"Urban Disasters and Microfinancing","There is no question that disasters have a disproportionate impact on the poor. They suffer most, and they are more affected. In particular, the urban poor living in slums-now estimated at approximately 1 billion people-are at particularly high risk from the impacts of climate and natural hazards. The urban poor are on the front lines in the context of climate change and increasing risk of disaster depending on where they live. In order to improve the living conditions of urban poor donors, governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have introduced different approaches like slum up gradation projects and health and sanitation programs. But financial support or microfinancing to rebuild livelihoods, strengthen community bonds, and protect the poorest urban residents from income shortfalls after a natural disaster are not yet widely practiced, since slum dwellers are not considered to be creditworthy. Nonetheless, it has been proven that microfinancing can support economic and social rejuvenation after a natural disaster. Focusing on the practices of a number of cities in Bangladesh, India, and Indonesia, this chapter gives an overview of the availability, accessibility, and role of microfinancing for disaster risk reduction (DRR) and recovery of the urban poor. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","n",null,null,"Book Section",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1350,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1350,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},{"$f":"+V1350&U1350","v":"0no city or multiple cities stated"}]
["Platzer, M.",2016,"The right to a safe city for women and girls","Currently two billion women live in cities. Youth under 25 amount to three billion people. By 2050, 70 % of human beings will be city dwellers. Logically, therefore, city managers should focus on the young female. But the world often looks different from the viewpoint of a male urban planner or police chief than that of an adolescent girl. UNESCO and UN-Habitat propagate \"a right to city\" which includes participatory, integrated, and sustainable human settlement planning to ensure inclusive and sustainable urbanization. This means the provision of adequate, safe, and affordable housing and infrastructure, but more than that, access to good education, health, transport, human development, social and recreational services. But most importantly it provides urban safety-for the individual to go about her/his business without fear and risk of being assaulted. This is the major United Nations message of the Sustainable Development Goals (2016-2030). This chapter shows, how urban governance puts adolescent girls at the centre of transforming cities to become places of inclusion, tolerance, and opportunity for everyone. By bringing city officials and adolescent girls together, there is a real opportunity to create sustainable economic and social change within these societies that will benefit all. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. All rights reserved.","i",null,null,"Book Section",{"$nulls":12},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1351,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1351,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["not stated",2018,null,"Kilis, a small Turkish city, have introduced a less conventional (and costly) scheme to attract young children to cycle. In late 2018, the ‘bikes for kids’ scheme began which gives children free bikes provided by the city council if they get a smoking relative to quit, maintain strong grades while improving in a weak area of study and promising to ride for an hour a day. In addition to the scheme, Kilis has built a protected cycle lane four miles long and aims to build a 20-mile network of cycle lanes throughout the city","n",{"$nulls":3},"cycling",1,0,2,"cycling",1,"bought bikes",6,0,0,"Kills",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1352,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AE$508,9,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1352,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1352,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S1352,'Master List Codings'!$R$12:$AC$435,10,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},null,0]
["de'Donato, F., Scortichini, M., De Sario, M., de Martino, A. and Michelozzi, P.",2018,"Temporal variation in the effect of heat and the role of the Italian heat prevention plan","Objectives: The aim of the article is to evaluate the temporal change in the effect of heat on mortality in Italy in the last 12 years after the introduction of the national heat plan. Study design: Time series analysis. Methods: Distributed lag non-linear models were used to estimate the association between maximum apparent temperature and mortality in 23 Italian cities included in the national heat plan in four study periods (before the introduction of the heat plan and three periods after the plan was in place between 2005 and 2016). The effect (relative risks) and impact (attributable fraction [AF] and number of heat-related deaths) were estimated for mild summer temperatures (20th and 75th percentile maximum apparent temperature [Tappmax]) and extreme summer temperatures (75th and 99th percentile Tappmax) in each study period. A survey of the heat preventive measures adopted over time in the cities included in the Italian heat plan was carried out to better describe adaptation measures and response. Results: Although heat still has an impact on mortality in Italian cities, a reduction in heat-related mortality is observed progressively over time. In terms of the impact, the heat AF related to extreme temperatures declined from 6.3% in the period 1999-2002 to 4.1% in 2013-2016. Considering the entire temperature range (20th vs 99th percentile), the total number of heat-related deaths spared over the entire study period was 1900. Conclusions: Considering future climate change and the health burden associated to heat waves, it is important to promote adaptation measures by showing the potential effectiveness of heat prevention plans. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Heat ",1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"various ",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1353,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1353,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",34,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1353,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Abdelazim, Samy Abdelrazek, Nour-Eldein, Hebatallah, Ismail, Mosleh Abdelrahman, Fiala, Lamiaa Al Sayed and Abdulmajeed, Abdulmajeed Ahmed",2018,"Effect of training program regarding smoking cessation counseling for primary health care physicians in Port Said City, Egypt","Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for death-related diseases. Not all healthcare professionals are following evidence-based guidelines for smoking cessation counseling in primary care settings. The WHO, Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), and United States Public Health Service (USPHS) guidelines recommend that all healthcare professionals, including students in healthcare training programs, receive education in the management of tobacco use and dependence. Objective: To evaluate the effect of training programs for primary healthcare physicians on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of smoking cessation counseling. Methods: This was a pre-post intervention study. The study included 74 primary care physicians working in primary healthcare centers affiliated with the Ministry of Health and Suez Canal University Hospitals in Port Said City. The study was conducted between June 2015 and March 2016 using a structured questionnaire and observation checklist to assess counseling of patients willing to quit smoking. Results: There were highly statistically significant improvements in the physicians' median scores of knowledge (30%-80%), attitude (65% -100%), and practice (20%-70%) (p < 0.001) pre-post intervention. The most frequent correct knowledge was consequences of smoking (73%-87.3%) (p < 0.001) pre-post intervention. The most favorable attitude was the importance of smoking cessation (70.3%-100%) (p < 0.001) pre-post intervention. The best observed correct practice was asking about smoking (70.3%-100%) (p < 0.001) pre-post intervention. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude, and practice skills regarding smoking cessation counseling among primary healthcare physicians were markedly improved after implementation of the education program. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Smoking ",1,7,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"port said",311,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1354,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Port Said"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1354,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Egypt"},"EgyptPort Said",69,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1354,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Dillard, James Price, Kim, Jinyoung and Li, Shu Scott",2018,"Anti-sugar-sweetened beverage messages elicit reactance: Effects on attitudes and policy preferences","Messages that convey the dangers associated with consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) may be the most effective means of changing attitudes toward consumption and policy preferences. However, there is a risk that this message type also stimulates reactance, a form of resistance to persuasion. A study (N = 618) using messages from the 2012 New York City anti-SSB campaign and a sample of New York City residents showed just such effects. Reactance was heightened by prior message exposure, conservative political orientation and prior consumption of SSBs. The net message effect was still persuasive overall for attitudes, but could be improved by 17% if reactance were eliminated. In contrast, the net message effect on policy preferences was counterpersuasive, due to processes other than reactance. Anti-SSB threat appeals can change attitudes toward one's own behavior in a more healthful direction, while simultaneously eroding support for more restrictive SSB policies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Sugar-sweetened beverages",2,28,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1355,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1355,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1355,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Justo, Alice R., Andretta, Ilana and Abs, Daniel",2018,"Dialectical behavioral therapy skills training as a social-emotional development program for teachers","The present study proposes the use of dialectical behavioral therapy skills training (DBT-ST) as an enhancement intervention to develop social-emotional competencies that is, as a program for promotion of teacher mental health and classroom skills in the school environment. In this study, DBT-ST was used as a form of continuing teacher education as opposed to a treatment of pathology. An evaluation was made of the effects of a brief DBT-ST intervention on the development of specific social-emotional competencies. The participants were 27 elementary schoolteachers who work in public schools located in a city in southern Brazil. Based on a mixed-methods approach, data on measures of emotion regulation difficulties, educational social skills, and intervention feasibility were collected at 3 different times: pretest, posttest, and a follow-up 2 months after the end of the intervention. The analysis of repeated measures showed improvement in the educational social ability to present, explain, and evaluate interactively. The intervention was well accepted by the teachers, and a qualitative analysis has shown positive effects. The results point to a possible contribution of dialectical behavioral therapy to school settings. However, the format of the intervention needs further adaptation and improvement for use in this context. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Clinical Impact Statement: This study represents the first adaptation of dialectical behavioral therapy skills training for teachers, and the qualitative data point to a high potential of applicability of this approach to school settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","social-emotional comptence",1,25,2,null,1,null,1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1356,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1356,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1356,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},1]
["Kanan, Margarita Safdie",2018,"Childhood obesity prevention intervention and policy in the Mexican school system","Overweight and obesity in Mexican children substantiates the need to identify effective strategies and policies to address this problem. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica (INSP) designed and implemented a randomized control trial (RCT) to assess an ecologically-based intervention program to modify the school environment to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours in children. The objectives of this thesis are to describe the design and impact of this RCT, to examine the program content through an ecological approach, and to examine policy activities that have been informed by the RCT findings. Four manuscripts address these objectives. Manuscript one is Promoting a Healthful Diet and Physical Activity in the Mexican School System for the Prevention of Obesity in Children: Rationale, Design and Methods. It describes the rationale, design, and methods of the two-year INSP-Secretaria de Educacion Publica (Secretary of Public Education, SEP) RCT. Manuscript two is Impact of a School-based Intervention Program on Obesity Risk Factors in Mexican Children. It reports on the environmental impact of the INSP-SEP intervention by comparing 16 intervention schools with 11 non-intervention schools. Results showed increased availability and food intake of healthy foods with a concomitant decrease in unhealthy food availability in intervention schools/children. Manuscript three is An Ecological and Theoretical Deconstruction of a School-based Obesity Prevention Program in Mexico. It reports on an assessment of the integration of ecological principles and theoretical constructs in the school-based behavioural change/obesity prevention intervention carried out by the INSP-SEP. Results showed that 32 intervention strategies were implemented in the school setting to engage target-groups; the most used SCT construct was Reciprocal Determinism. Manuscript four is titled Quality and Implementation of the Nutrition and Physical Activity School Policy Guidelines in Mexico City. It assesses the quality and implementation conditions of a policy and reports on the implementation and the uptake of the national school policy to prevent obesity in Mexico city through a policy analysis, WHO School Policy Framework (SPF) and indicators informed by the national policy. Findings showed that not all of the 10 implementation pre-conditions were met; School Guidelines mostly complied with SPF but were not fully implemented within our sample. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Obesity",1,1,2,null,2,null,1,0,0,"Mexico City",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1357,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1357,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1357,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},1]
["Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed M.",2018,"The role of a drug communication campaign in increasing the awareness of illegal drug users in Saudi Arabia","Saudi Arabia, like the majority of countries in the world, has suffered from a considerable increase in people using illegal drugs. A number of factors have contributed to this: the social and economic change that has taken place in the last three decades; the geographical location of the Kingdom close to the places where illegal drugs are cultivated and produced (the Golden Triangle and the Golden Crescent); the increase in foreign workers coming to the Kingdom; other people's unscrupulous exploiting of Muslim's' visits to the holy cities of Mecca and Madinah for Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages and Khat cultivation in the Southern part of the Kingdom. The Kingdom has adopted two strategies in dealing with this problem: first, supply reduction and, second, demand reduction. The supply reduction strategy took the form of new legislation to curb drug-smuggling into the Kingdom. The demand reduction strategy was reflected in the opening of three speciahst hospitals (Al-Amal Hospitals) to treat people who were using drugs illegally. Another demand reduction measure was the conducting of a communication campaign to prevent people becoming illegal drug-users and to educate users about the possibilities of seeking help. The Saudi communication campaign utilised one television channel, two radio stations, nine newspapers, several commercials and advertisements, in addition using the 'Carnival'. This study investigates whether or not the Saudi campaign increased people's knowledge (particularly that of illegal drug-users), and whether this knowledge has prompted users to adopt a positive attitude against addiction and to seek treatment. A sample of 240 (120 illegal drug-users and 120 non-users) in Jeddah in Saudi Arabia during the period from 29th June to 29th September 1997 were questioned. A questionnaire was used which included knowledge and attitude measurements. The results showed that the campaign in Saudi Arabia did increase people's knowledge with regard to the danger of drugs relating to people's health. People also became aware of the high cost of drugs and their negative impact on individuals and society. In addition they showed an increase in knowledge about the punishments for drug-dealers and users. However, the study highlighted some deficiencies in people's knowledge particularly with regard to the different kinds of drugs available, the new substances that are used as alternatives to drugs and which are widely available in the local market, characteristics of individual drugs', the potential harm each kind of drug can cause, the characteristics of illegal drug-users, the regulation of treatment, and the location of the hospitals that provide treatment. Television was found to be the most effective medium amongst the media used in the Saudi campaign, followed by commercials and advertisements, newspapers, the Carnival, and radio. Additionally, the study found that there were differences in the degree of impact made by individual programmes in each of the media used. Generally, the study found that both users and non-users have the same level of positive attitude against addiction. It also found a positive correlation between increased knowledge and the positive attitude against addiction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Awareness of illegal drug users",1,13,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"Saudi Arabia ",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1358,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1358,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",49,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1358,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Johnson, Lauren Gabrielle",2018,"Implementing Botswana's national cervical cancer prevention programme: Providers' fidelity to the see-and-treat algorithms","Precancerous cervical lesions can be easily prevented and treated. Yet, cervical cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer-related deaths for women in Botswana. To address this high burden, Botswana's Ministry of Health (MOH) established the National Cervical Cancer Prevention Programme (NCCPP), which primarily focused on secondary prevention using the evidence-based, see-and-treat approach. See-and-treat is an alternative to Pap smear that combines screening (visual inspection with acetic acid, VIA) and treatment (cryotherapy) in a single visit approach. After successful pilot testing in the capital city of Gaborone, the program was scaled-up in 2014 to 5 additional sites (Lobatse, Selebi-Phikwe, Maun, Francistown, and Mahalapye). To achieve population-level reductions in cervical cancer, the goal of scale-up is to implement health innovations with high fidelity and achieve desired coverage. Therefore, the overarching goal of this dissertation was to comprehensively assess providers' fidelity during scale-up of see-and-treat in Botswana. Fidelity was composed of two key aspects: (1) adherence, how well nurses' treatment and referral choices aligned with the NCCPP see-and-treat algorithm and (2) competence, the level of skill maintained when nurses performed VIA screenings. Despite significant barriers to practice, results from this dissertation suggest that Botswana's MOH accomplished a successful scale-up. Adherence was maintained during scale-up and competence was sustained over time. When controlling for covariates using log-binomial regression, adherence did not differ significantly between pilot and scaled-up sites (p=.2205). In addition, nurses at the pilot site achieved 75.4% sensitivity and 92.4% specificity when comparing their performance in conducting VIA to that of expert physicians, which was comparable to estimates attained in the pilot test. The quantitative data collected in this study has helped to identify problematic segments of the NCCPP see-and-treat algorithm. Future qualitative interviews will further elicit how and why providers experience implementation challenges in their daily practice and the implications for program fidelity. Botswana and other resource-limited countries can utilize these results to modify the see-and-treat algorithm, develop a fidelity instrument to facilitate ongoing monitoring, and/or test strategies to improve the scale-up process moving forward. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Cancer",2,22,2,null,3,null,1,0,0,"Gaborone (Botswana)",281,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1359,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Gaborone"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1359,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Botswana"},"BotswanaGaborone",70,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1359,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},1]
["Jeffries, Jayne Kristin",2018,"Weight gain prevention in young adults: Predictors of weight change and behavioral typologies","This dissertation examined the role of four modifiable health behaviors (tobacco and alcohol use, diet, and physical activity) as predictors of weight change over a two-year period and identified distinct behavioral typologies among a population of young adults. This study used baseline and 24-month data from The Choosing Healthy Options in College Environments and Settings study, a randomized controlled trial designed to prevent unhealthy weight gain in young adults (aged 18--35) attending 2-year community colleges in the Twin Cities, Minnesota. Aim 1. A multivariate linear regression model was fit to understand the association between 24-month BMI and baseline health behaviors, controlling for covariates (n = 365). To aid interpretation of the results, post-hoc analyses applied logistic modeling by dichotomizing the outcome variable to those who maintained/lost less than 3% weight and those who gained 3% weight between baseline and 24-months. Results suggested that binge drinking was significantly predictive of lower 24-month BMI in both models. Linear results suggested those who reported higher amounts of leisure physical activity and current smokers experienced an increased 24-month BMI. The latter associations did not hold in the logistic model. Individual behaviors assessed were generally non-significant, providing some evidence that behaviors may work synergistically, rather than independently, to promote weight change. Aim 2. This aim identified three typologies using Latent Class Analysis (n = 441): Class 1: \"active, binge-drinkers with healthy dietary intake,\" Class 2: \"non-active, moderate-smokers, and non-drinkers with poor dietary intake,\" and Class 3: \"moderately active, non-smokers, non-drinkers with a moderately healthy dietary intake.\" Using adjusted multinomial logistic regression models to understand predictors associated with class membership, evidence suggested there were meaningful differences for BMI and age between latent classes. For each additional unit increase in BMI, individuals were more likely to be in Class 2 versus Class 3. For each additional year in age, individuals were more likely to be in Class 1 versus Class 2. Understanding these typologies may help public health professionals create more effective interventions in community colleges by targeting certain behaviors to help reduce the onset and improve management of existing chronic diseases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)","n",null,null,"Journal Article","Weight change ",1,1,2,null,4,null,0,0,0,"Twin Cities - Minneapolis and Saint Paul ",220,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1360,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Minneapolis"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1360,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaMinneapolis",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1360,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Nakhost, Arash, Law, Samuel F., Francombe Pridham, Katherine M. and Stergiopoulos, Vicky",2017,"Addressing complexity and improving access in community mental health services: An inner-city adaptation of flexible ACT","To serve a wider range of patients with serious mental illness and develop more integrated, flexible services, investigators in Toronto redesigned a high-fidelity assertive community treatment (ACT) team according to flexible ACT (FACT) principles. FACT, developed in the Netherlands, merges ACT and intensive case management (ICM) services. This model holds the promise of an affordable approach to addressing unmet service needs in community mental health, particularly for patients with complex health issues, by widening the ACT admission criteria. This enables the team to serve more patients and provide both ACT and ICM services according to patients' needs while allowing continuity of care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Community mental health",2,25,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1361,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1361,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1361,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Goldberg, David, Thornicroft, Graham, Abbasinejad, Maryam, Amaddeo, Francesco, Andrews, Gavin, Ballester, Dinarte, Baron, Stephen T., Bell, Stuart, Busnello, Ellis, Buster, Marcel, Dekker, Jack J. M., Dymi, Klement, Hajebi, Ahmad, James, Mathew, Kastrup, Marianne, LeCount, David, dos Santos Leite, Loiva, Mohit, Ahmad, Murthy, R. Srinivasa, Naotaka, Shinfuku, dos Santos, Sara Jane Escouto, Sartorius, Norman, Taylor, Crista, Theunissen, Jan, Tietzmann, Ana Cristina, Tuinbreijer, Wilco, Westcoat, Kathleen and de Witt, Matty A. S.",2017,"Mental health care in 11 major cities over two decades","This chapter investigates how mental health services have changed over the past two decades in a selection of 11 major cities from four different continents. Overall, deinstitutionalization has moved patient care away from hospitals and into community settings where mental health centers are now developing outpatient services. The cities presented are Amsterdam (the Netherlands), Baltimore (the United States), Bangalore (India), Copenhagen (Denmark), Kobe (Japan), London (United Kingdom), Porto Alegre (Brazil), Sydney (Australia), Madison (the United States), Tehran (Iran), and Verona (Italy). These cities have been selected to represent a global perspective including different continents, cultures, and religions. This chapter reports of several promising community care initiatives and evidence that the era of institutionalization may be ending. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Book","MH",2,25,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"multiple",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1362,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1362,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1362,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Tuck, Stacey G., Summers, Amber C., Bowie, Janice, Fife-Stallworth, Donnica, Alston, Chase, Hayes, Stephen and Alexander, Stephanie",2017,"B'more Fit for Healthy Babies: Using trauma-informed care policies to improve maternal health in Baltimore City","Background: Pregnant obese women have an increased risk for infant mortality and poor maternal outcomes. Environmental and social conditions pose barriers for less-advantaged overweight women to participate in weight loss interventions. The B'more Fit for Healthy Babies Program aimed to address existing gender inequities that persist where exposure to community-level trauma is present. Methods: A gender-based analysis using qualitative and quantitative approaches informed B'more Fit's intervention and identified opportunities for trauma-informed care policies. Key data sources for analyses included two series of focus groups and a quantitative survey. Review of additional Baltimore-based literature and research also informed policy development. Results: A workgroup formulated policies for B'more Fit staff and participants. Policies involved technical assistance, staff consultation, and gender-sensitive counseling sessions. These activities gained the attention of the Baltimore City Health Department's leadership, and department-wide trainings were conducted. Highly publicized violence in Baltimore led to expanded trauma-informed care training and policy development in all local government agencies through a partnership between the Baltimore City Health Department and Behavioral Health Systems Baltimore, Inc. Conclusions: The development and monitoring of trauma-informed interventions and policies within governmental and human service agencies can counterbalance social and environmental exposures. Applying a gender-based and trauma-informed program provided B'more Fit participants with strategies for weight loss, improved nutrition, and better parenting. Coordinated policies and interventions are underway in city institutions to address residents' behavioral health needs and improve citywide services. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","maternal health",1,37,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1363,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1363,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1363,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Wallace, Lori R., Weir, Alison M. and Smith, Megan V.",2017,"Policy impact of research findings on the association of diaper need and mental health","Background: Maternal mental illness constitutes one of most significant public health problems facing women of reproductive age and their children. Women who mother in poverty experience additional stressors, pointing to the need for innovative public health promotion efforts to reduce mental illness. Simple innovations, like making diapers more available and affordable, may represent an effective method of addressing this problem. This paper describes the research findings on diaper need reported by the New Haven Mental Health Outreach for Mothers Partnership and the process of translating these findings into broader policy and advocacy efforts. Methods: National-, state-, and local-level diaper policy activities that occurred from 2013 to 2016 were examined after a journal article that focused on diaper need and associated psychosocial variables was published in Pediatrics. Results: Based on analysis of policy activities that occurred from 2013 to 2016 after Pediatrics published the diaper need findings, several diaper-related policy activities were identified: 1 at the city level, 11 at the state level, and 2 at the federal level. Five of the identified activities represented policy changes that were enacted or implemented. Conclusions: Community coalitions can effect gender-responsive policy change by conducting and disseminating research, engaging stakeholders, and mobilizing and leveraging their networks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Maternal mental illness",1,37,2,null,2,null,1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1364,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1364,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1364,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Kuru, Nilgun and Kublay, Gulumser",2017,"The effect of laughter therapy on the quality of life of nursing home residents","Aims and objectives: To evaluate the effect of Laughter therapy on the quality of life of nursing home residents. Background: By improving the quality of life of residents living in nursing homes and allowing them to have a healthier existence, their lives can be extended. Therefore, interventions impacting the quality of life of older adults are of critical importance. Design: Quasi-experimental design. Method: The study was conducted between 2 March - 25 May 2015. The experimental group was composed of 32 nursing home residents from one nursing home, while the control group consisted of 33 nursing home residents from another nursing home in the capital city of Turkey. Laughter therapy was applied with nursing home residents of the experimental group two days per week (21 sessions in total). A socio-demographic form and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used for data collection. Results: After the laughter therapy intervention, general and subscales (physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and spiritual health) quality-of-life scores of residents in the experimental group significantly increased in comparison with the pretest. Conclusion: Laughter therapy improved the quality of life of nursing home residents. Therefore, nursing home management should integrate laughter therapy into health care and laughter therapy should be provided as a routine nursing intervention. Relevance to clinical practice: The results indicated that the laughter therapy programme had a positive effect on the quality of life of nursing home residents. Nurses can use laughter therapy as an intervention to improve quality of life of nursing home residents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Quality of life for older adults",1,0,2,null,1,null,1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1365,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1365,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1365,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},2]
["Wang, Mei, Shen, Jiucheng, Liu, Xianling, Deng, Yuan, Li, Jiahua, Finch, Emily and Wolff, Kim",2017,"Reliability and validity of the Treatment Outcome Profile among patients attending methadone maintenance treatment programs in Kunming, China","Background & objective: Substance misuse has been a major health and social issue worldwide and has become an important public health issue in China over the past two decades. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been proved worldwide by large bodies of research to be one of the most effective practices for illicit drug users. The Treatment Outcome Profile (TOP) was developed in 2007 by the UK National Treatment Agency (NTA). It has been proved to be a reliable instrument for outcome measure. This study aim to develop the Chinese version of the Treatment Outcome Profile (TOP), and to assess whether TOP is a reliable outcome measure that can be recommended for use in Chinese MMT program. Methods: The Chinese version of TOP was translated and revised based on the English version of TOP. Psychometric properties of TOP were evaluated through face-to-face interviews in 197 patients who had been attending methadone maintenance treatment clinics in Kunming city, Yunnan Institute for Drug Abuse, for less than three months. Patients were interviewed by 3 trained interviewers. Reliability and validity of the instrument were analyzed by measures including test-retest and inter-rater reliability, concurrent validity and change sensitivity. Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing the scores from TOP with scores obtained from validated clinometric instruments. Self-reported opiate use was compared with results of urine analysis. Change sensitivity was judged by t-tests and chi-square tests. Results & conclusions: About 67% of the 197 interviewers were male and 33% were female. Test-retest reliability of TOP scores (after 10 days interval) were good (K = 0.65 to 0.95), inter-rater correlations (ICC) ranged from 0.7 to 0.9, and the criterion validity ranged from 0.72 to 0.88. TOP covers a large scope of problems encountered by drug users needed for treatment. The Chinese version of TOP is a reliable and valid assessment tool. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Substance misuse",1,13,2,null,4,null,3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1366,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1366,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1366,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Frye, Victoria, Paige, Mark Q., Gordon, Steven, Matthews, David, Musgrave, Geneva, Kornegay, Mark, Greene, Emily, Phelan, Jo C., Koblin, Beryl A. and Taylor-Akutagawa, Vaughn",2017,"Developing a community-level anti-HIV/AIDS stigma and homophobia intervention in New York City: The project CHHANGE model","HIV/AIDS stigma and homophobia are associated with significant negative health and social outcomes among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and those at risk of infection. Interventions to decrease HIV stigma have focused on providing information and education, changing attitudes and values, and increasing contact with people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), activities that act to reduce stereotyped beliefs and prejudice, as well as acts of discrimination. Most anti-homophobia interventions have focused on bullying reduction and have been implemented at the secondary and post-secondary education levels. Few interventions address HIV stigma and homophobia and operate at the community level. Project CHHANGE, Challenge HIV Stigma and Homophobia and Gain Empowerment, was a community-level, multi-component anti-HIV/AIDS stigma and homophobia intervention designed to reduce HIV stigma and homophobia thus increasing access to HIV prevention and treatment access. The theory-based intervention included three primary components: workshops and trainings with local residents, businesses and community-based organizations (CBO); space-based events at a CBO-partner drop-in storefront and \"pop-up\" street-based events and outreach; and a bus shelter ad campaign. This paper describes the intervention design process, resultant intervention and the study team's experiences working with the community. We conclude that CHHANGE was feasible and acceptable to the community. Promoting the labeling of gay and/or HIV-related \"space\" as a non-stigmatized, community resource, as well as providing opportunities for residents to have contact with targeted groups and to understand how HIV stigma and homophobia relate to HIV/AIDS prevalence in their neighborhood may be crucial components of successful anti-stigma and discrimination programming. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1367,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1367,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Warren, Katherine E., Tay, Shirli and Wen, Leana S.",2017,"The role of public health in combatting synthetic cannabinoid use in adolescents","As the country struggles to address an epidemic of alcohol and drug overdose, a wide-ranging category of chemical substances known as synthetic drugs have provoked a new sense of public urgency over the past decade. Synthetic cannabinoids, a heterogeneous and evolving set of synthetic compounds that act on endogenous cannabinoid receptors, have become particularly popular among adolescents due to their relative ease of access and reputation as a \"legal high.\" The Baltimore City Health Department has worked to combat the recent surge in synthetic drug use through a major public awareness campaign, legislative reform, and retailer engagement and compliance initiative. In doing so, the city has built a coalition of clinicians, advocates, retailers, educators, legislators, and community members to fight synthetic cannabinoid use in Baltimore City. In this commentary piece, we offer strategies from our work and from that of our colleagues across the country for clinicians and communities fighting to stem the tide of recreational synthetic cannabinoid use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Drugs",1,13,2,null,7,null,5,0,2,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1368,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1368,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1368,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Jin, Yue",2017,"Ending tobacco sales in pharmacies: A comprehensive evaluation on tobacco-free pharmacy laws","Background: California and Massachusetts are the only two states in the United States (US) with municipalities that have local laws prohibiting the sale of tobacco products by pharmacies. The process of adopting these tobacco-free pharmacy laws and the impacts of these laws remain understudied. The goal of this study was to comprehensively examine the tobacco-free pharmacy laws. The study consisted of a qualitative assessment of the process of adopting such laws and a quantitative assessment of the impacts of tobacco-free pharmacy laws on tobacco retailer density and smoking prevalence. Methods: Qualitative telephone interviews were performed with 23 key informants who were involved in the efforts to adopt tobacco-free pharmacy laws in California and Massachusetts. Key patterns and themes related to the process, barriers, and facilitators of adoption and implementation of the tobacco-free pharmacy laws were identified. The quantitative study examined changes in tobacco retailer density and smoking prevalence following the implementation of tobacco-free pharmacy laws. Data sources for the quantitative study included tobacco retailer license data in California and Massachusetts, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and California Healthy Kids Survey (CHKS). Mixed effects negative binomial models were performed primarily to examine longitudinal changes in outcomes. Results: The qualitative study results suggested that with the growing number of cities that have adopted such laws, and the recent efforts from CVS, banning tobacco sales in pharmacies is becoming less controversial and more normative to both pharmacy retailers and the general public. The results also highlight the needs to consistently regulate the sale of e-cigarettes as a part of tobacco-free pharmacy laws. The quantitative results indicated that tobacco-free pharmacy laws were associated with significant reductions in tobacco retailer density in both California and Massachusetts, after adjusting for demographic and economic characteristics, and for the presence of other local tobacco control policies at the city level. Our results suggest that since the first implementation of such laws, the decrease in retailer density among cities with such laws was 1.44 (95% CI [1.37, 1.51]) to 3.18 (95% CI [1.11, 5.25]) times as great as the decrease among cities without such a law. With regard to smoking prevalence, tobacco-free pharmacy laws were associated with a slight non-significant reduction in smoking prevalence. In Massachusetts, there was an 8.6% relative reduction in adult smoking prevalence after the implementation of such laws, and the effect was not significant after adjusting for other factors. Decreases in smoking prevalence were directionally similar in California and among adolescents in Massachusetts. Discussion: This study comprehensively evaluated tobacco-free pharmacy laws with regard to the adoption process and real-world impacts. Our findings provide useful information and supportive evidence for decision-makers of cities or states that are considering such laws. Future studies that focus on the impacts of tobacco-free pharmacy laws with a prolonged time span and additional comparison group (e.g. neighboring states) are needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Tobacco",1,7,2,null,2,null,4,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1369,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1369,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1369,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},1]
["Weiss, Marina, Benavides, Mayumi Okuda, Fitelson, Elizabeth and Monk, Catherine",2017,"The domestic violence initiative: A private-public partnership providing psychiatric care in a nontraditional setting","The article discusses about the Domestic Violence Initiative which is a private-public Partnership Providing Psychiatric Care in a non-traditional setting. The Domestic Violence Initiative was formed in 2014 as a collaboration between the Women's Program in the Department of Psychiatry at Columbia University Medical Center and the New York City Mayor's Office to Combat Domestic Violence. This collaboration, which receives support from the Chapman Perelman Foundation, piloted the provision of clinical psychiatric services on site at the Bronx Family Justice Center (BxFJC), one of a growing number of family justice centers (FJCs) nationwide that provide colocated social and legal services for survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) and sex trafficking. The BxFJC offers case management, counseling, advocacy, and educational opportunities, as well as civil and criminal legal assistance. To the authors knowledge, no other FJC has colocated psychiatric care. This collaboration demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of providing psychiatric services to IPV survivors in non-medical, community-based settings, where, compared with traditional health care settings, these survivors are more likely to present for services. Our finding of a very-high-risk patient population with inadequate prior treatment highlights the need to improve access to care for survivors of IPV, as well as to educate mental health care providers and policy makers about the impact of IPV on psychiatric illness and risk of suicide. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Domestic violence",2,44,2,null,3,null,2,0,2,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1370,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1370,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1370,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Turner, Sasha L.",2017,"Participants' experience of an intervention for high conflict separated or divorced couples","Researchers have investigated the impact of different variables such as conflict, high-conflict, divorce, and separation on parents as well as their children, and the results are sobering and include negative impacts on the physical (Burman & Margolin, 1992; Ditzen, Hahlweg, Fehm-Wolfsdorf & Baucom, 2011) and psychological (Barnett, Steptoe & Gareis, 2005; Burman & Margolin, 1992; Ditzen et al., 2011) health of the couple and negative psychological consequences for the children (Kim, 2011; Noller, Feeney, Sheehan, Darlington, & Rogers, 2008; Oldehinkey, Ormel, Veenstra, De Winter, & Verhulst, 2008; Strohschein, 2012). The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of the individuals who completed the New Ways for Families (NWFF) program, an intervention designed for high conflict families, in a city in Alberta, Canada. This study was meant to serve as one aspect that may be used in a formative evaluation to help the program creators modify it as needed in order to potentially improve the participants' experience (Stetler et al., 2006). A qualitative research design was used, implementing an emergent and exploratory focus, in order to gain an understanding of the participants' perspectives regarding the program through the analysis of 16 completed semi-structured interviews obtained from archival data. Data was analyzed using the constant comparative method (Maykut & Morehouse, 1994). Eight themes emerged: What participants identified as helpful; What participants identified as not helpful; Variation in perceived effectiveness; Possible factors influencing outcome; Hope/expectations going into the program; Differences in knowledge and/or beliefs of program utility; Small town impacting confidentiality and ease of access, and change/improvements. Results suggest that the age of the children and the length of time since separation/divorce impacted the perceived effectiveness of the program in at least some of the participants. Clinical implications and recommendations to the program creator and those responsible for implementing the program are also discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Impact of divorce and separation on children",1,44,2,null,1,null,1,0,0,"Alberta",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1371,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1371,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",17,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1371,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Miller, Edgar R., III, Cooper, Lisa A., Carson, Kathryn A., Wang, Nae-Yuh, Appel, Lawrence J., Gayles, Debra, Charleston, Jeanne, White, Karen, You, Na, Weng, Yingjie, Martin-Daniels, Michelle, Bates-Hopkins, Barbara, Robb, Inez, Franz, Whitney K., Brown, Emily L., Halbert, Jennifer P., Albert, Michael C., Dalcin, Arlene T. and Yeh, Hsin-Chieh",2016,"A dietary intervention in urban African Americans: Results of the \"five plus nuts and beans\" randomized trial","Introduction: Unhealthy diets, often low in potassium, likely contribute to racial disparities in blood pressure. We tested the effectiveness of providing weekly dietary advice, assistance with selection of higher potassium grocery items, and a $30 per week food allowance on blood pressure and other outcomes in African American adults with hypertension. Design: We conducted an 8-week RCT with two parallel arms between May 2012 and November 2013. Setting/participants: We randomized 123 African Americans with controlled hypertension from an urban primary care clinic in Baltimore, Maryland, and implemented the trial in partnership with a community supermarket and the Baltimore City Health Department. Mean (SD) age was 58.6 (9.5) years; 71% were female; blood pressure was 131.3 (14.7)/77.2 (10.5) mmHg; BMI was 34.5 (8.2); and 28% had diabetes. Intervention: Participants randomized to the active intervention group (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH]-Plus) received coach-directed dietary advice and assistance with weekly online ordering and purchasing of high-potassium foods ($30/week) delivered by a community supermarket to a neighborhood library. Participants in the control group received a printed DASH diet brochure along with a debit account of equivalent value to that of the DASH-Plus group. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was blood pressure change. Analyses were conducted in January to October 2014. Results: Compared with the control group, the DASH-Plus group increased self-reported consumption of fruits and vegetables (mean = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.7, 2.1 servings/day); estimated intake of potassium (mean = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.1, 0.7 grams/day); and urine potassium excretion (mean = 19%, 95% CI = 1%, 38%). There was no significant effect on blood pressure. Conclusions: A program providing dietary advice, assistance with grocery ordering, and $30/week of high-potassium foods in African American patients with controlled hypertension in a community-based clinic did not reduce BP. However, the intervention increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, and urinary excretion of potassium. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1372,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1372,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Damian, April Joy, Mendelson, Tamar, Bowie, Janice and Gallo, Joseph J.",2019,"A mixed methods exploratory assessment of the usefulness of Baltimore City Health Department's trauma-informed care training intervention","Youth exposure to trauma is a significant public health problem in the United States, particularly in urban areas. Although trauma-informed care (TIC) training of service providers to address this challenge is increasing nationwide, we lack empirical evidence regarding the feasibility and acceptability of cross-organizational TIC training, including perspectives of training participants. The purpose of our study was to evaluate participating service providers' self-reported changes in knowledge about trauma, attitudes toward traumatized individuals, and beliefs in their capacity to provide referrals to trauma services after completion of the TIC intervention. Intervention participants represented a range of service sectors, including government health and education agencies, social services, law enforcement, as well as nonprofits. Participants completed a pre-post quantitative survey assessing TIC-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (N = 88). A subset of participants was interviewed using a semistructured interview format (n = 16). Mixed methods were used to evaluate the intervention's impact on participants' knowledge about trauma and to understand participants' experience in the training. Quantitative results revealed significant improvements in TIC-related knowledge and attitudes. Five themes emerged from qualitative analysis of interviews: the intervention provided a framework for understanding TIC; useful lessons were learned from other participants; there was a need for outreach to upper-level management; real-life applicability was lacking; and guidance regarding next steps was wanting. Study findings suggest the training may be a starting point for enhancing service providers' capacity to address traumatized youth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Policy Relevance Statement-Youth exposure to trauma is a highly prevalent public health issue in the United States, particularly in urban communities. This study suggests policies that support trauma-informed care training may help service providers from different sectors-potentially including law enforcement, health, education, and nonprofits-develop greater understanding of the signs and impact of trauma and capacity to link the youth they serve with trauma services. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","trauma",2,39,2,"training",1,"city health dept",5,0,0,"baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1373,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1373,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Nair, Rekha",2019,"Improving physical activity among Hispanic women by identifying barriers","Rationale/Background: Obesity is a growing concern for the current healthcare system. The current project explored how a culturally sensitive education would enable overweight and obese Hispanic women to identify the barriers to physical activity (PA) better and increase their time spent on PA. Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to identify the barriers to physical activity among overweight and obese Hispanic women aged 25-55 years, in the clinical setting of a large city in Texas, and to investigate if a culturally sensitive education would improve the time spent on PA for the same group. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical foundations of Leininger's culture care theory and health belief model were used to process the behavior change. Project Method and Design: The project used quantitative methodology with descriptive design. The design helped in identifying the barriers and time spent on PA. Data Results: Sample included a convenient sample of 34 Hispanic women with body mass index (BMI) >25, aged 25-55 years who were selected from a large city in Texas. Data analysis was done using paired sample t-test. The characteristics of barriers showed a significant change in each pair (p<0.001). The pair of time spent on PA in minutes per week showed a mean standard deviation of 30.605 and significant improvement (p<0.001). Implications: The project helped in improving the lifestyle of the Hispanic population in the practice. Future research with larger sample size and longer time period will help in getting more specific results to improve health of the community. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)","n","duplicate record",null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"city in texas",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1374,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1374,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Livesley, S. J., McPherson, G. M. and Calfapietra, C.",2016,"The urban forest and ecosystem services: Impacts on urban water, heat, and pollution cycles at the tree, street, and city scale","Many environmental challenges are exacerbated within the urban landscape, such as stormwater runoff and flood risk, chemical and particulate pollution of urban air, soil and water, the urban heat island, and summer heat waves. Urban trees, and the urban forest as a whole, can be managed to have an impact on the urban water, heat, carbon and pollution cycles. However, there is an increasing need for empirical evidence as to the magnitude of the impacts, both beneficial and adverse, that urban trees can provide and the role that climatic region and built landscape circumstance play in modifying those impacts. This special section presents new research that advances our knowledge of the ecological and environmental services provided by the urban forest. The 14 studies included provide a global perspective on the role of trees in towns and cities from five continents. Some studies provide evidence for the cooling benefit of the local microclimate in urban green space with and without trees. Other studies focus solely on the cooling benefit of urban tree transpiration at a mesoscale or on cooling from canopy shade at a street and pedestrian scale. Other studies are concerned with tree species differences in canopy interception of rainfall, water uptake from biofilter systems, and water quality improvements through nutrient uptake from stormwater runoff. Research reported here also considers both the positive and the negative impacts of trees on air quality, through the role of trees in removing air pollutants such as ozone as well as in releasing potentially harmful volatile organic compounds and allergenic particulates. A transdisciplinary framework to support future urban forest research is proposed to better understand and communicate the role of urban trees in urban biogeochemical cycles that are highly disturbed, highly managed, and of paramount importance to human health and well-being. Copyright © American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","green spaces",1,36,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1375,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1375,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Narain, K., Mata, A. and Flores, J.",2016,"Nutrition Policy Decreases Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Municipal Parks: Lessons Learned From Carson, California","In light of the childhood obesity epidemic, many cities are adopting healthy park vending policies, but the evidence on the effectiveness of these policies is scant. This study examines how implementation of a healthy vending policy in Carson, California, changes the types of beverages that are available in park vending machines. The study design is a pre-posttest with post-only comparison group. The main outcome is proportion of beverages in vending machines that is consistent with caloric and sugar content guidelines for children as defined by the Nutrition Environment Measures-Vending (NEMS-V) tool. This study finds that prior to implementation of the vending policy, 70% of the beverages did not meet NEMS-V guidelines, on average. After implementation of the vending policy, this number declined to 7%. This study suggests that healthy vending policies can have an impact on the types of beverages that are available in city parks.","n","duplicate record",null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"vending machines",2,null,0,0,0,"Carson (California)",274,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1376,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"carson"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1376,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAcarson",1,1,1]
["Napier, D., Volkmann, A., Hesseldal, L. and Bagger, M.",2016,"Urban diabetes: The impact of social factors and cultural determinants","More than half of the world's population live in cities, and two thirds of the 415 million people with diabetes live in urban areas. That makes cities an important focal point for researching diabetes and improving prevention, care, and management. For many urban dwellers, cities offer resources and opportunities that result in good health and wellbeing. However, cities also create factors that impact health and susceptibility to disease in a negative way. Type 2 diabetes is a prime example for a complex chronic condition that development of which is significantly impacted by such factors. The Cities Changing Diabetes (CCD) Programme initiated by Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark, is a partnership with Steno Diabetes Center, Denmark, and University College London (UCL), United Kingdom. The aim is to research urban diabetes and its drivers and to place the condition high on the global urbanisation agenda. CCD Research was conducted in five cities around the globe (Mexico City, Copenhagen, Houston, Tianjin and Shanghai). In each city, a Vulnerability Assessment was conducted to understand the local status and what makes certain people vulnerable to diabetes and its complications by identifying the social factors and cultural determinants that plausibly impact vulnerability. More than 550 individual semi-structured interviews across the five cities were conducted by trained fieldworkers. The global research shows that important social factors in the development of urban diabetes are: financial constraints; time constraints; resource constraints; geographical constraints. And that important cultural determinants are: agency and opportunity; traditions and conventions; understanding health and illness; change and transition; understanding self and other. These factors are nuanced and combine in locally varying but globally similar ways. They can be identified and analysed to inform and likely guide intervention and policy change. Our research provides a novel way with which to examine diabetes in urban areas.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diabetes",1,9,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"5 cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1377,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1377,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Morgan, A. U., Dupuis, R., D'Alonzo, B., Johnson, A., Graves, A., Brooks, K. L., McClintock, A., Klusaritz, H., Bogner, H., Long, J. A., Grande, D. and Cannuscio, C. C.",2016,"Beyond books: Public libraries as partners for population health","Public libraries are not usually included in discussions about improving population health. They are, however, well positioned to be partners in building a culture of health through programming that addresses the social determinants of health. The Healthy Library Initiative, a partnership between the University of Pennsylvania and the Free Library of Philadelphia (the public library system that serves the city), has undertaken such efforts in Philadelphia. In this article we report findings from an assessment of how ten highly subscribed programs address the social determinants of health, as well as results of interviews with community residents and library staff. Of the 5.8 million in-person Free Library visits in 2015, 500,000 included attendance at specialized programs that addressed multiple health determinants, such as housing and literacy. Library staff provided intensive support to vulnerable populations including homeless people, people with mental illness and substance use, recent immigrants, and children and families suffering from trauma.We found that public libraries are trusted institutions that have broad population reach and untapped potential to improve population health.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","healthy",1,0,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"philedelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1378,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1378,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1378,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. and Khreis, H.",2016,"Car free cities: Pathway to healthy urban living","Background: Many cities across the world are beginning to shift their mobility solution away from the private cars and towards more environmentally friendly and citizen-focused means. Hamburg, Oslo, Helsinki, and Madrid have recently announced their plans to become (partly) private car free cities. Other cities like Paris, Milan, Chengdu, Masdar, Dublin, Brussels, Copenhagen, Bogota, and Hyderabad have measures that aim at reducing motorized traffic including implementing car free days, investing in cycling infrastructure and pedestrianization, restricting parking spaces and considerable increases in public transport provision. Such plans and measures are particularly implemented with the declared aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These reductions are also likely to benefit public health. Aims: We aimed to describe the plans for private car free cities and its likely effects on public health. Methods: We reviewed the grey and scientific literature on plans for private car free cities, restricted car use, related exposures and health. Results: An increasing number of cities are planning to become (partly) private car free. They mainly focus on the reduction of private car use in city centers. The likely effects of such policies are significant reductions in traffic-related air pollution, noise, and temperature in city centers. For example, up to a 40% reduction in NO<inf>2</inf> levels has been reported on car free days. These reductions are likely to lead to a reduction in premature mortality and morbidity. Furthermore the reduction in the number of cars, and therefore a reduction in the need for parking places and road space, provides opportunities to increase green space and green networks in cities, which in turn can lead to many beneficial health effects. All these measures are likely to lead to higher levels of active mobility and physical activity which may improve public health the most and also provide more opportunities for people to interact with each other in public space. Furthermore, such initiatives, if undertaken at a sufficiently large scale can result in positive distal effects and climate change mitigation through CO<inf>2</inf> reductions. The potential negative effects which may arise due to motorized traffic detouring around car free zone into their destinations also need further evaluation and the areas in which car free zones are introduced need to be given sufficient attention so as not to become an additional way to exacerbate socioeconomic divides. The extent and magnitude of all the above effects is still unclear and needs further research, including full chain health impact assessment modeling to quantify the potential health benefits of such schemes, and exposure and epidemiological studies to measure any changes when such interventions take place. Conclusions: The introduction of private car free cities is likely to have direct and indirect health benefits, but the exact magnitude and potential conflicting effects are as yet unclear. This paper has overviewed the expected health impacts, which can be useful to underpin policies to reduce car use in cities. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","car free cities",1,16,2,"car free cities",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"numerous",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1379,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1379,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,2]
["Langeveld, K., Stronks, K. and Harting, J.",2016,"Use of a knowledge broker to establish healthy public policies in a city district: a developmental evaluation","BACKGROUND: Public health is to a large extent determined by non-health-sector policies. One approach to address this apparent paradox is to establish healthy public policies. This requires policy makers in non-health sectors to become more aware of the health impacts of their policies, and more willing to adopt evidence-informed policy measures to improve health. We employed a knowledge broker to set the agenda for health and to specify health-promoting policy alternatives. This study aimed at gaining in-depth understanding of how this knowledge broker approach works. METHODS: In the context of a long-term partnership between the two universities in Amsterdam and the municipal public health service, we employed a knowledge broker who worked part-time at a university and part-time for an Amsterdam city district. When setting an agenda and specifying evidence-informed policy alternatives, we considered three individual policy portfolios as well as the policy organization of the city district. We evaluated and developed the knowledge broker approach through action research using participant observation. RESULTS: Our knowledge brokering strategy led to the adoption of several policy alternatives in individual policy portfolios, and was especially successful in agenda-setting for health. More specifically, health became an issue on the formal policy agenda as evidenced by its uptake in the city district's mid-term review and the appointment of a policy analyst for health. Our study corroborated the importance of process factors such as building trust, clearly distinguishing the knowledge broker role, and adequate management support. We also saw the benefits of multilevel agenda-setting and specifying policy alternatives at appropriate policy levels. Sector-specific responsibilities hampered the adoption of cross-sectoral policy alternatives, while thematically designed policy documents offered opportunities for including them. Further interpretation revealed three additional themes in knowledge brokering: boundary spanning, a ripple effect, and participant observation. CONCLUSIONS: The employment of a knowledge broker who works simultaneously on both agenda-setting for health as well as the specification of health-promoting policy alternatives seems to be a promising first step in establishing local healthy public policies. Future studies are needed to explore the usefulness of our approach in further policy development and policy implementation.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"amsterdam",4,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1380,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"amsterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1380,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsamsterdam",30,3,0]
["Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J.",2016,"Urban and transport planning, environmental exposures and health-new concepts, methods and tools to improve health in cities","Background: The majority of people live in cities and urbanization is continuing worldwide. Cities have long been known to be society's predominant engine of innovation and wealth creation, yet they are also a main source of pollution and disease. Methods: We conducted a review around the topic urban and transport planning, environmental exposures and health and describe the findings. Results: Within cities there is considerable variation in the levels of environmental exposures such as air pollution, noise, temperature and green space. Emerging evidence suggests that urban and transport planning indicators such as road network, distance to major roads, and traffic density, household density, industry and natural and green space explain a large proportion of the variability. Personal behavior including mobility adds further variability to personal exposures, determines variability in green space and UV exposure, and can provide increased levels of physical activity. Air pollution, noise and temperature have been associated with adverse health effects including increased morbidity and premature mortality, UV and green space with both positive and negative health effects and physical activity with many health benefits. In many cities there is still scope for further improvement in environmental quality through targeted policies. Making cities 'green and healthy' goes far beyond simply reducing CO2 emissions. Environmental factors are highly modifiable, and environmental interventions at the community level, such as urban and transport planning, have been shown to be promising and more cost effective than interventions at the individual level. However, the urban environment is a complex interlinked system. Decision-makers need not only better data on the complexity of factors in environmental and developmental processes affecting human health, but also enhanced understanding of the linkages to be able to know at which level to target their actions. New research tools, methods and paradigms such as geographical information systems, smartphones, and other GPS devices, small sensors to measure environmental exposures, remote sensing and the exposome paradigm together with citizens observatories and science and health impact assessment can now provide this information.Conclusion: While in cities there are often silos of urban planning, mobility and transport, parks and green space,environmental department, (public) health department that do not work together well enough, multi-sectorial approaches are needed to tackle the environmental problems. The city of the future needs to be a green city, a social city, an active city, a healthy city. Copyright © 2016 Nieuwenhuijsen.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"urban and transport planning",2,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1381,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1381,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Looks, P. and Wolfram, N.",2016,"Healthy ageing - Creating of city walks by and for citizens","Due to demographic changes, effective preventive measures on local level should be developed. This paper presents a project for elderly people which aims at the promotion (1) of the identification with their housing area and (2) of their physical activity and (3) of the participation in local strategies for active ageing. The result of the project is a booklet which was done by participating inhabitants. Copyright © 2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","physciual exercise",1,29,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1382,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1382,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Lungu, E. A., Biesma, R., Chirwa, M. and Darker, C.",2016,"Healthcare seeking practices and barriers to accessing under-five child health services in urban slums in Malawi: a qualitative study","BACKGROUND: Access to child health services is an important determinant of child health. Whereas, child health indicators are generally better in urban than rural areas, some population groups in urban areas, such as children residing in urban slums do not enjoy this urban health advantage. In the context of increasing urbanisation and urban poverty manifesting with proliferation of urban slums, the health of under-five children in slum areas remains a public health imperative in Malawi. This paper explores healthcare-seeking practices for common childhood illnesses focusing on use of biomedical health services and perceived barriers to accessing under-five child health services in urban slums of Lilongwe, Malawi's capital city. METHODS: Qualitative data from 8 focus group discussions with caregivers and 11 in-depth interviews with key informants conducted from September 2012 to April 2013 were analysed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS: Whereas, caregivers sought care from biomedical health providers, late care-seeking also emerged as a major theme and phenomenon. Home management was actively undertaken for childhood illnesses. Various health system barriers: lack of medicines and supplies; long waiting times; late facility opening times; negative attitude of health workers; suboptimal examination of the sick child; long distance to health facility; and cost of healthcare were cited in this qualitative inquiry as critical health system factors affecting healthcare-seeking for child health services. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to strengthen the health system's responsiveness to expectations are essential to promote utilisation of child health services among urban slum populations, and ultimately improve child health and survival.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","child health",2,37,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Lilongwe, Malawi's capital city",298,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1383,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Lilongwe"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1383,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Malawi"},"MalawiLilongwe",74,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1383,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":6},0]
["Moran, A., Krepp, E. M., Johnson Curtis, C. and Lederer, A.",2016,"An Intervention to Increase Availability of Healthy Foods and Beverages in New York City Hospitals: The Healthy Hospital Food Initiative, 2010-2014","BACKGROUND: Hospitals serve millions of meals and snacks each year; however, hospital food is often unhealthy. Hospitals are ideal settings for modeling healthy eating, but few programs have sought to improve nutrition in all venues where food is served. COMMUNITY CONTEXT: The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene created the Healthy Hospital Food Initiative (HHFI) to improve the healthfulness of food served in hospitals. The HHFI built on prior work implementing mandatory nutrition standards for patient meals and vending in public hospitals. Public hospitals joined the HHFI by voluntarily adopting standards for cafeterias and cafes. Private hospitals joined by implementing nutrition standards for patient meals, food and beverage vending machines, and cafeterias and cafes. METHODS: Hospitals were recruited from 2010 through 2014 and provided technical assistance from health department staff. Implementation in each of the 4 areas was monitored through on-site assessments and menu review. Twenty-eight hospital cafeterias and cafes were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the HHFI to assess changes. OUTCOME: Sixteen public hospitals and 24 private hospitals joined the HHFI. Most (n = 18) private hospitals implemented standards in at least 2 areas. In cafeterias, most hospitals introduced a healthy value meal (n = 19), removed unhealthy items from the entrance and checkout (n = 18), increased whole grains to at least half of all grains served (n = 17), and reduced calories in pastries and desserts (n = 15). INTERPRETATION: Most New York City hospitals joined the HHFI and voluntarily adopted rigorous nutrition standards. Partnerships between hospitals and local government are feasible and can lead to significant improvements in hospital food environments.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,null,2,null,5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1384,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1384,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Nogueira, H.",2016,"What is happening to health in the economic downturn? A view of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal","BACKGROUND: The economic downturn has introduced new social risks in the most affected countries with foreseeable negative consequences for health. AIM: To analyse changes in health and its socioeconomic inequalities between 2001-2011 in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA), Portugal. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study, conducted in the LMA neighbourhoods (n=207), examines the association between deprivation and premature mortality using standardised premature mortality ratios and a composite index of socioeconomic deprivation. The association was observed by analysing the whole range of values, quintiles and deciles of the LMA population. Pearson coefficients and ANOVA were used to assess associations and variability between quintiles/deciles. RESULTS: The findings show that people living in extreme deprivation conditions increased (5.45%) and that increasing deprivation is associated with health degradation in specific groups. Between 2001-2011, premature mortality became more unequally distributed, increasing in the richest (1%) and median (12%) areas, even though socioeconomic inequalities in mortality decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Health degradation is selective, affecting mainly the middle class living in LMA; these 'newly deprived' people experience an increased risk, while the 'traditionally deprived' show no decrease in premature mortality. Therefore, social inequalities in health tend to decrease, but without health gains.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health inequalities",1,3,2,"socioeconomic factors",0,null,0,0,0,"lisbon",110,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1385,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Lisbon"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1385,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"portugal"},"portugalLisbon",46,3,0]
["Herrero-Martin, G. and Zurita, A.",2016,"Influence of urban gardens in food, physical activity and emotions of elderly","Introduction: Urban gardens are used for growing plots aimed at recovering urban spaces, environmental education and the creation of social spaces. In Spain its surface has increased by 15 over the last 7 years. The elderly population is one of the most sensitive to suffer nutritional imbalance, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates, as well as cognitive impairment, stroke and decreased appetite, physical activity, oral health problems and mood disorder. There are no studies that compare the influence of urban gardens at the lifestyle of gardeners. Methods: Surveys were designed with 12 questions on social and cultural factors, lifestyle, culture and impact on the habits of the garden. They were polled to 55 gardeners in rural and city areas from Seville and were explained by a nutritionist. Data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows. Results: Mostly of surveyed increased vegetable consumption after cultivate their own gardens. Everyone agreed the increase of vegetables rich food, including some had not tried before, preferring to consume their own vegetables because of the satisfaction of grow it themselves and due to its tastier flavor. Half of the respondents showed a greater concern for eating healthier working from their own garden, in rural areas. It is noteworthy that more than half were physically active only when they went to the garden. Conclusions, discussion and/or practical application: Urban garden work goes beyond a place of distraction, mainly in rural areas. It represents a social work, since for many of them, is the only place to talk to other people, feeling part of a community, bringing joy and physical and mental wellbeing. The social horticulture is a therapeutic and effective way of social care that promotes wellness in the elderly with social, mental and physical problems. Moreover it promotes an active and healthy life, so that urban gardens improve the healthy lifestyle in terms of physical, nutritional, social and emotionally. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors of this document can confirm there is no conflict of interests.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","green spaces",1,36,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"seville",320,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1386,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sevilla"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1386,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Spain"},"SpainSevilla",4,3,1]
["Li, R., Shi, G., Ji, J., Wang, H., Wang, W., Wang, M., Li, Y., Yuan, W. and Liu, B.",2017,"A 2-year longitudinal psychological intervention study on the prevention of internet addiction in junior high school students of jinan city","Objective: To investigate the effect of psychological intervention on the prevention of internet addiction in junior high school students of Jinan. Method(s): A total number of 888 junior high school students in Jinan City were assessed by Internet Addiction Disorder Diagnostic Scale (IADDS). 57 cases students were diagnosed with internet addiction according to the scores of IADDS, while the rest 831 students were required to fill the self-designed general questionnaire, such as demographic questionnaire and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and randomly divided into the intervention and the control groups. The psychological intervention was given in 4 states during two years, one stage in each semester, and there were 4 classes in each stage. Result(s): In the intervention group, the IADDS and SCL-90 scores were significantly lower compared with those in the control students at different time points of T2 and T3 (all P<inf>s</inf><0.01). In the intervention group, the different factors of SCL-90 were decreased after each intervention (all P<inf>s</inf><0.01). These results showed that the intervention has positive effects on the mental health of students. The positive rate of internet addiction screened by IADDS in the intervention group was considerably lower compared with that in the controls at T2 and T3 time points (all P<0.05). Conclusion(s): Longitudinal prospective and preventive psychological intervention can effectively improve the mental health of junior middle school students of Jinan city and reduce the incidence of internet addiction. Copyright © 2017, Scientific Publishers of India. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","internet addiction",1,0,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Jinan City",287,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1387,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"jinan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1387,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinajinan",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1387,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},2]
["Wang, Z. B., Liang, L. W., Lin, X. B. and Liu, H. M.",2017,"Control Models and Effect Evaluation of Air Pollution in Jing-Jin-Ji Urban Agglomeration. [Chinese]","Controlling air pollution in the Jing-jin-ji urban agglomeration (JJJUA), the most seriously polluted area in China, is related to the integrated development strategy for the region. Based on the national and regional implementation of air pollution control measures in recent years, the hierarchical cross-regional multi-directional linkage (HCML) air pollution prevention and control model was applied in this study. The effect of air pollution control was evaluated by monitoring the pollutants, SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, O3, and CO, at 112 monitoring sites in 13 cities in 2014-2015. The results can be summarized as follows:1 The HCML model is an interrelated framework at the horizontal and vertical level. Under the efforts provided by the central, urban agglomeration, and city governments, this multi-level governance model serves as an effective tool to resolve the issues related to air pollution beyond the borders of municipalities. Environmental regulations on certain industries, energy consumption structure, car ownership and usage, and air quality supervision and warning systems are well established under this governance model. 2 The air quality of the JJJUA has improved significantly in the past two years. The concentrations of air pollutants significantly decreased, with the exception of O3, and high pollution ranges significantly reduced from north to south. The annual average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO decreased by 17.84%, 14.61%, 37.55%, 4.82%, and 16.18%, respectively. The number of days meeting the air quality standards increased for all pollutants except NO2. Based on the current situation and unsolved problems of air pollution, the JJJUA area needs certain measures including diversifying the governance subjects, joint legislation (beyond municipalities) on air pollution to regulate pollution discharge, enhancing public awareness on air pollution and its health impacts, carefully examining sources of air pollution in winter to reduce pollution, and to better understand the sources of ozone and adopt effective control measures.","n",null,null,"Journal Article","Air pollution",1,16,2,null,2,null,4,0,0,"Jing jin ji",288,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1388,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Jing Jin Ji"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1388,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaJing Jin Ji",20,null,1]
["Wolffenbuttel, K., Dos Santos, M. F., De Souza, T. R. C. and Da Silva Maria Clara Gianna, M. A.",2017,"Hiv testing campaigns: An important strategy for the expansion of early diagnosis in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil-six campaigns-two million testes performed from 2008 to 2016","Introduction Sao Paulo (SP) state has 43 million inhabitants, 645 cities, 251.133 reported AIDS cases and a 0.6%HIV prevalence. In SP 4 in 10 HIV diagnosed individuals' access care with delay. Methods Conducting state testing campaigns annually is one of its main strategies to expand the offer of testing in the primary care health services especially in medium and small municipalities, besides the offer to pregnant women. The goal is to increasing the proportion of people tested once in life from 39.7% (2004) to 80% in 2017. Results Approximately 3 million tests, including HIV and syphilis, were conducted in nine annual testing campaigns, of which 60% are HIV tests and 40% syphilis tests since 2014. An average of 130,000 HIV tests of the public health sector are billed in monthly. The number of municipalities involved rose from 376 (58%) to 576 (89%) between 2008/2016. Some results are very similar in all campaigns. The proportion of people tested for the first time revolves around 50%, being always highest among males. The proportion of HIV positive identified is also quite stable and is around 0.45%. By introducing rapid testing initially this strategy reached the level of 1.7% of HIV positive cases in 2010, gradually falling until 2016, reaching 0.4%. The campaigns implementation in all nine years included a preparatory phase pacts in areas of management meetings and incorporated strategies for distance education and subsequent on-line monitoring. Conclusion The HTC have amplified the access to HIV tests due to the expansion of spontaneous demand for testing services in primary care, especially in medium and small towns. Besides, campaigns arrangements are improving greater integration of primary care and STD/AIDS health programs, contributing for reducing the stigma related to AIDS and HIV testing in the population. Other complementary HIV testing strategies focused on vulnerable populations, conducted by health professionals, are easier to implement when already implemented in services routines.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV testing",2,2,1,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Sao Paulo",182,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1389,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sao Paulo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1389,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSao Paulo",14,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1389,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},1]
["Johnsen, L., Page, K., China, W., Redd, R., Olawale, A., Akolo, O., Kelley, E., Dawkins, J., Max-Browne, C. and Schumacher, C.",2017,"Practical lessons learned from the prep cascade at two public urban STD clinics","Introduction In the US, uptake of PrEP has been low among African American (AA) men who have sex with men (MSM) compared to white MSM. In December 2015, the Baltimore City Health Department (BDHD) sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinics established a PrEP Program to promote PrEP among AA MSM at high risk for HIV. Frequent analysis of early indicators focused on continuous improvement and iterative development to enhance recruitment and retention of AA MSM. Methods Data collected from our electronic medical records was analysed over time to identify trends in recruitment and missed opportunities. We focused on the following steps of the PrEP cascade: 1) identification of risk, 2) discussion with medical provider, 3) referral to peer navigator (PN), 4) meeting with peer navigator, 5) initiation of PrEP. Results Between December 2015 and December 2016, 747 patients self-identifying as MSM were seen at the clinics. Mean age was 32 (SD=10) and 305 (41%) were HIV infected. 88% of HIV-infected MSM were AA, and 77% of HIV uninfected were AA (p<0.001). Based on a risk assessment, medical providers discussed PrEP with 390 (88.0%) HIV negative MSM. 162 (41.5%) of them agreed to be referred to a PrEP PN, 108 (27.7%) met with PN, and 54 (13.8%) started PrEP. The majority (70%) of patients who started PrEP were AA, and there was no difference in uptake between AA MSM and MSM of other race/ethnicity (p=0.23). Among 24 patients enrolled for 6 months or more, 23 (96%) were retained in PrEP care at 3 months, and 16 (67%) at 6 months. Among these patients, 3 (13%) were diagnosed with an STD (GC, CT or Syphilis) during follow up and none were infected with HIV. Two out of the 3 patients diagnosed with an STD were among the group that discontinued PrEP. Conclusion Among MSM HIV uninfected, less than half accepted referral and only 13.8% enrolled in the PrEP program. This highlights the need to strengthen the initial steps of the cascade, perhaps through social marketing and peer networks to enhance awareness and acceptance of PrEP, particularly among high risk communities.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,null,3,null,5,0,0,"baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1390,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1390,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Wolffenbuttel, K., Dos Santos, M. F., De Souza, T. R. C., De Paula, I. A. and Gianna, M. C.",2017,"Improving access to HIV diagnosis by expanding implementation of rapid diagnostic tests in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil (2006 to 2016)","Issue Sao Paulo has 43 million inhabitants, 645 cities, 251.133 reported AIDS cases. Despite the HIV low prevalence in our state (0.5%). The HIV rapid diagnostic testing method (RDT HIV) universal implementation is considered a very important strategy to increase access of vulnerable populations to HIV diagnosis together with other focused strategies. The goal was to implement the RDT HIV in at least one health public service in all 645 municipalities. In Brazil, we have the Health Unic System SUS as an universal public health system. Description Between 2006-2016, around 500 trainers trained approximately 10.000 health professionals. From 2010 to 2016, the STD/AIDS Program Coordination trained 800 facilitators during the decentralisation process. In 2016 586 municipalities implemented RDT HIV besides conventional testing (91%); 60% in primary care units. As proxy of HIV performance, we focus HIV annual campaigns carried out in the state since 2008 considering the majority adherence of municipalities (91% in 2016) and health services. 7000 rapid diagnostic HIV tests in 2008;18 000 in 2009; 35 000 in 2010; 40 000 in 2011; 40 000 in 2012; 1 56 000 in 2013; 2 47 000 in 2014; 2 51 000 in 2015. Lessons learned: Training of professionals through the training of trainers has boosted the implementation of HIV RDT. Monitoring RDT HIV implementation through five macroregional meetings was fundamental to find out and discuss local obstacles to offer access to HIV testing without having to schedule. Most vulnerable population for HIV continues to seek out ST/AIDS referral services for testing. Primary health care health workers have difficulty delivering positive HIV test results. Performing extra-mural actions is easier when the health unit has already implemented the test in its routine. New steps Priorities for 2017: Continue the implementation process among all primary health care services. Expand and focus HIV testing In places of concentration and socialisation of more vulnerable groups such as gays and transvestites.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,null,1,null,1,0,0,"Sao Paulo",182,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1391,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sao Paulo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1391,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSao Paulo",14,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1391,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},1]
["Johnsen, L. E., Thimm, M. A., Singer, J. M. and Page, K. R.",2017,"Awareness and interest in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PREP) among patients receiving services at a public sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic in a high prevalence urban setting","Introduction HIV rates in Baltimore City are among the highest in the United States, with the majority of new infections attributed to male-to-male sexual contact. In 2016, the Baltimore City Health Department (BCHD) implemented a Pre- Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) program at their sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinics. We assessed awareness, interest, and sources of knowledge about PrEP among patients served at these clinics. Methods We surveyed a convenience sample of 1675 patients who attended BCHD clinics between 4/12/2016 and 10/3/ 2016. Participants were provided a self-administered survey that assessed awareness, interest, and sources of knowledge about PrEP, as well as age, race, sex, and sexual preference. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis examined predictors of awareness and interest. Data collection will continue in 2017 to determine if awareness and interest change over time. Results Mean age of participants was 32.1 (SD=11.8) and 61.0% were male. 91.1% of participants self-identified as African American, 5.7% as white, and 3.2% as \"Other.\" 20.0% of the participants were aware of PrEP and 42.2% were interested in PrEP. Less than 1% of all participants and 9.2% of men who have sex with men (MSM) reported current PrEP use. White participants were more likely to be aware of PrEP than African Americans (OR=1.76, p=0.026), but there was no significant difference in interest between these groups (p=0.122). By univariate analysis men were more likely to be aware of PrEP than women (OR=1.38, p=0.013), but multivariable analysis eliminated this significant difference (p=0.081). MSM were significantly more likely to be aware (OR=14.29, p<0.001) and interested (OR=1.59, p=0.024) in PrEP. Sources of knowledge included healthcare providers (40.0%), friends (24.7%), and television (16.4%). Conclusion MSM receiving care at the Baltimore City STD Clinics are significantly more likely to be aware and interested in PrEP, but few are taking PrEP, highlighting a need to improve access and promote uptake in this high risk population.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,null,7,null,8,0,0,"Balitmore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1392,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1392,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1392,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Tomata, Y., Watanabe, T., Sugiyama, K., Zhang, S., Sugawara, Y. and Tsuji, I.",2017,"Effects of a Community-Based Program for Oral Health and Nutrition on Cost-Effectiveness by Preventing Disability in Japanese Frail Elderly: A Quasi-Experimental Study Using Propensity Score Matching","Objective In the Japanese Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) system, a community-based program for oral health and nutrition (OHN program) has been implemented with the aim of reducing incident disability and care costs. However, the effectiveness of this program has not been confirmed epidemiologically. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the OHN program does reduce incident disability and care costs. Design A prospective study with a 28-month follow-up period was conducted using data from administrative databases at Tagajo City, Japan. Among frail elderly persons (aged 65 years or more) who were enrolled in the LTCI program in Tagajo, 64 participants in the OHN program and 128 controls (nonparticipants) were selected by propensity score matching. Measurements We used 2 types of outcome measure: composite outcome (incident disability and death) and care cost. Data on incident disability were retrieved from the public LTCI database. Care cost was defined as the total amount of LTCI service cost added to medical care cost. Results The hazard ratio of composite outcome was significantly lower for the intervention group than for the control group (hazard ratio = 0.32, 95% confidence interval 0.12-0.82). Even when we set incident disability as an outcome, the hazard ratio for the intervention group did not change (hazard ratio = 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.11-0.97). The mean cumulative care cost during the 28 months tended to be lower for the intervention group ($4893) than that for the control group ($5770), but this was not statistically significant by the gamma regression model (cost ratio = 0.85, P =.513). The mean care cost per unit follow-up period (1 month) for the intervention group was significantly lower (cost ratio = 0.54, P =.027). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the OHN program is effective for preventing incident disability and, consequently, for saving care costs per unit survival period. Copyright © 2017 AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Oral health",2,27,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Tagajo City",324,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1393,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Tagajo City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1393,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Japan"},"JapanTagajo City",35,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1393,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Roldos, M. I., Hopenhayn, C., Sacoto, F. and Bustamante, K.",2017,"Developing local health policy: Profiling needs and opportunities in the Municipality of Quito, Ecuador","We describe the steps taken and analysis applied in developing a local health policy agenda for the city of Quito, in Ecuador. In 2014, the Health Commissioner's Office of the Municipality of Quito analyzed the city's epidemiological health profiles, social determinants of health, the legal authority of the Municipality, and relevant literature to understand the city's health burden and develop a Ten-Year Health Plan (2015-2025). Results revealed that Quito's population suffered from noncommunicable chronic diseases (diabetes and hypertension) and identified the primary risk factors (poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and resulting overweight or obesity). Other common conditions included respiratory diseases, mental health conditions, deaths and injuries from motor vehicles, violence, and physical insecurity. The plan emphasized health promotion and disease prevention with the aim of transforming citizens' health perceptions with their active participation by fostering public and private intersectoral commitment to improve the quality of life of the population .","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Developing local health policies",1,0,2,null,2,null,1,0,0,"quito",261,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1394,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Quito"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1394,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Ecuador"},"EcuadorQuito",65,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1394,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},0]
["Lawlis, T., Eckley, D., Jamieson, M. and Knox, M.",2017,"Scoping study investigating stakeholder perceptions and use of school canteens in an Australian city","AIM: To investigate stakeholder perceptions of healthy food availability in school canteens, the promotion of healthy foods and canteen policy compliance. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of Catholic and independent primary and high schools comprising three investigative phases: (i) survey of 39 schools, (ii) survey of canteen managers and parents from 10 schools and (iii) an audit of school menus against National Healthy School Canteen Guidelines. RESULTS: Total participants included: 6 principals, no canteen mangers and 86 parents from two schools; 24 menus were audited. Schools are committed to supporting healthy eating, with participants agreeing canteens should follow the National Health School Canteen Guidelines. A total of 94% of parents (n = 81/86) indicated that their children buy food from the school canteen, with commonly purchased items mostly classified as 'red'. Despite this food choice, parents (n = 32/48) indicated they had a responsibility to encourage healthy eating. No school canteen menu comprised +50% 'green' foods and thus did not comply with the National Healthy School Canteen Guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the intense focus on school canteens to sell healthy food, little has changed in terms of student's food choices and the barriers to providing healthy options. The external environment and divided parental buy-in impact the canteen's ability to comply with guidelines. A holistic approach involving all stakeholder levels is required to successfully achieve a healthy school canteen environment and positively influence student's food habits and choices. Copyright © 2017 Dietitians Association of Australia.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Healthy food availability",1,28,2,null,0,null,7,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1395,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1395,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",9,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1395,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},1]
["Harris, J. K., Hawkins, J. B., Nguyen, L., Nsoesie, E. O., Tuli, G., Mansour, R. and Brownstein, J. S.",2017,"Using Twitter to Identify and Respond to Food Poisoning: The Food Safety STL Project","CONTEXT: Foodborne illness affects 1 in 4 US residents each year. Few of those sickened seek medical care or report the illness to public health authorities, complicating prevention efforts. Citizens who report illness identify food establishments with more serious and critical violations than found by regular inspections. New media sources, including online restaurant reviews and social media postings, have the potential to improve reporting. OBJECTIVE: We implemented a Web-based Dashboard (HealthMap Foodborne Dashboard) to identify and respond to tweets about food poisoning from St Louis City residents. DESIGN AND SETTING: This report examines the performance of the Dashboard in its first 7 months after implementation in the City of St Louis Department of Health. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We examined the number of relevant tweets captured and replied to, the number of foodborne illness reports received as a result of the new process, and the results of restaurant inspections following each report. RESULTS: In its first 7 months (October 2015-May 2016), the Dashboard captured 193 relevant tweets. Our replies to relevant tweets resulted in more filed reports than several previously existing foodborne illness reporting mechanisms in St Louis during the same time frame. The proportion of restaurants with food safety violations was not statistically different (P = .60) in restaurants inspected after reports from the Dashboard compared with those inspected following reports through other mechanisms. CONCLUSION: The Dashboard differs from other citizen engagement mechanisms in its use of current data, allowing direct interaction with constituents on issues when relevant to the constituent to provide time-sensitive education and mobilizing information. In doing so, the Dashboard technology has potential for improving foodborne illness reporting and can be implemented in other areas to improve response to public health issues such as suicidality, spread of Zika virus infection, and hospital quality.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Foodborne illness",1,4,2,null,4,null,5,0,0,"St Louis",323,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1396,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"St. Louis"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1396,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USASt. Louis",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1396,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Foote, M., Daver, R. and Quinn, C.",2017,"Using \"Mystery Patient\" Drills to Assess Hospital Ebola Preparedness in New York City, 2014-2015","In response to the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa, rapid measures were taken to ensure readiness at frontline New York City (NYC) healthcare facilities, including mandating monthly EVD mystery patient drills to test screening protocols. This study analyzed after-action reports to describe the use of mystery patient drills to test rapid identification and isolation of potential EVD cases in NYC emergency departments. NYC hospitals were required to develop protocols for EVD screening and isolation, and to conduct drills with an actor presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of EVD. Fifty-five hospitals that participate in NYC's hospital preparedness program were invited to submit after-action reports summarizing at least 1 drill conducted between October 2014 and April 2015. Summary statistics were generated from reported quantitative measures. Report narratives were reviewed, coded, extracted, and analyzed to identify strengths and challenges experienced. Forty-five hospitals submitted after-action reports (82%). The median time from patient entry to isolation was 9 minutes and from isolation to evaluation was 14 minutes. Recurrent strengths included consistent travel history screening and compliance with infection control protocols. Themes for improvement included ensuring timely screening, staff competency with personal protective equipment (PPE), and clarifying notification procedures and staff roles. Mystery patient drills gave hospitals the means to test screening and isolation protocols and identify key gaps, such as competency-based training in PPE, to improve their capacity to respond to highly communicable diseases. Findings from this study will inform the development of a standardized mystery patient drill program.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","ebola",2,6,1,"hospital services for ebola",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1397,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1397,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Wechsberg, W. M., van der Horst, C., Ndirangu, J., Doherty, I. A., Kline, T., Browne, F. A., Belus, J. M., Nance, R. and Zule, W. A.",2017,"Seek, test, treat: substance-using women in the HIV treatment cascade in South Africa","BACKGROUND: Women in South Africa who use alcohol and other drugs face multiple barriers to HIV care. These barriers make it difficult for women to progress through each step in the HIV treatment cascade from diagnosis to treatment initiation and adherence. This paper examines correlates of HIV status, newly diagnosed HIV status, and use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: Outreach workers recruited sexually active Black African women who used substances in Pretoria as part of a U.S. National Institutes of Health-funded geographically clustered randomized trial examining the effect of an intervention to reduce alcohol and drug use as well as sexual risk behaviors. To address the question of interest in the current investigation, cross-sectional baseline data were used. At study enrollment, all participants (N = 641) completed an interview, and underwent rapid HIV testing and biological drug screening. Those who tested positive for HIV and were eligible for ART were asked about their barriers to initiating or adhering to ART. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine correlates of HIV status, newly diagnosed HIV, and ART use. RESULTS: At enrollment, 55% of participants tested positive for HIV, and 36% of these women were newly diagnosed. In multivariable analyses of the entire sample, women who had completed 10th grade were less likely to be living with HIV (OR 0.69; CI 0.48, 0.99) and those from the inner city were more likely to be living with HIV (OR 1.83; CI 1.26, 2.67). Among HIV-positive participants, women were less likely to be newly diagnosed if they had ever been in substance abuse treatment (OR 0.15; CI 0.03, 0.69) or used a condom at last sex (OR 0.58; CI 0.34, 0.98) and more likely to be newly diagnosed if they were physically assaulted in the past year (OR 1.97; CI 1.01, 3.84). Among women eligible for ART, fewer were likely to be on treatment (by self-report) if they had a positive urine test for opiates or cocaine (OR 0.27; CI 0.09, 0.80). CONCLUSIONS: These results, although cross-sectional, provide some guidance for provincial authorities to address barriers to HIV care for sexually active, substance-using vulnerable women in Pretoria. Targeting the inner city with prevention campaigns, expanding and improving substance abuse treatment programs, linking clients with simultaneous HIV testing and treatment, and targeting women who have experienced sexual assault and violence may help the government achieve the UNAIDS 90-90-90 treatment target. Clinical Trials.gov NCT01497405 registered on December 1, 2011.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Pretoria",312,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1398,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Pretoria"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1398,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"south africa"},"south africaPretoria",53,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1398,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":6},1]
["Yang, C., Hu, J., Tao, M., Li, Y., Chai, Y., Ning, Y., Li, L. and Xiao, Q.",2017,"Effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention on improving the hand-washing skills and behaviors of migrant workers in Beijing","This study explores the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention featuring a combination of tailored print and video (TPV) and peer education on improving the hand-washing skills and behaviors of migrant workers in the capital city of China. In the control group, supportive measures in both policy and environment were adopted. In addition, the intervention group received TPV and peer education. A total of 1496 participants were involved in the baseline and evaluation survey. The results showed that the participants experienced significant changes in developing health behaviors and skills as a whole after the intervention. The intervention effectiveness of hand-washing skills on vendors was relatively small compared with those on restaurant waiters and waitresses (44.3% and 87.2%, respectively). About 81.2 percent of the participants always forgot to carefully wash their thumbs and 81.8 percent failed to properly clean the back of their hands. The multifaceted intervention of this study has helped in improving the hand-washing skills and behaviors of migrant workers. Key steps should be strengthened to enhance the intervention effect. Moreover, the elderly should be given more attention with regards to hand-washing skills.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Health behaviours ",1,0,2,null,1,null,7,0,0,"Bejing",268,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1399,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Beijing"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1399,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaBeijing",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1399,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Hwang, C., Ono Kihara, M. and Kihara, M.",2017,"Barriers and facilitators to tuberculosis examination among homeless people in Osaka city, Japan","Background: Tuberculosis (TB) incidence in Osaka city is high and homeless people are at higher risk due to malnutrition and poor living conditions. Osaka city has been promoting priority measures in TB control, such as free TB examination in the public. Nevertheless, there are still homeless people who do not undergo TB examination. This study aims to explore knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards TB examination among various groups of homeless people in Osaka city, Japan, and to identify the barriers and facilitators to TB examination among them. Methods: It was an exploratory qualitative study using in-depth interviews (IDIs) guided by semi-structured questionnaire. Study was conducted during July-November 2016. We targeted current and previous homeless people, over the age of 18 in Osaka city. Recruitment was carried out through purposive sampling, theoretical sampling and snowball sampling.We used thematic analysis with investigator triangulation for data analysis. Results: We conducted 58 IDIs. Among the 47 currently homeless people, 21 (44.7%) had TB examinations within the past year. 36 codes within 10 \"categories\" have emerged. Barriers for undertaking TB examinationwere due to \"living with the highest priority for survival\", \"feel of guilty has demotivated them health seeking\", \"lack of information due to social isolation\", \"uncertain information from other homeless people\", \"lack of knowledge and low risk perception\", and \"poor TB examination accessibility\". Facilitators for undertaking TB examination included \"adaptation to homeless life\", \"information network access\", and \"use of homeless support services that obligated them to take TB examination\". \"Correct knowledge and high risk perception\" may reinforce their intention to continue TB examination with \"the experience of free and user-friendly TB examination\". Conclusion: Expanding of incorporating TB examination into various homeless support services and educational intervention during TB examination may be an effective measure. In addition, improving of TB examination accessibility and the provision of information for isolated homeless people, which is based on current homeless support services, are recommended.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","TB and homeless",1,34,1,null,2,null,3,0,0,"Osaka City",306,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1400,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Osaka"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1400,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Japan"},"JapanOsaka",35,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1400,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Lagisetty, P., Flamm, L., Rak, S., Landgraf, J., Heisler, M. and Forman, J.",2017,"A multi-stakeholder evaluation of the Baltimore City virtual supermarket program","CONCLUSIONS: This evaluation summarizes lessons learned and serves as a guide to other public health leaders interested in developing similar programs. Provisions in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm Bill 2014 allow for select grocers to pilot online transactions with SNAP benefits. If these pilots are efficacious, the VSP model could be easily disseminated. BACKGROUND: Increasing access to healthy foods and beverages in disadvantaged communities is a public health priority due to alarmingly high rates of obesity. The Virtual Supermarket Program (VSP) is a Baltimore City Health Department program that uses online grocery ordering to deliver food to low-income neighborhoods. This study evaluates stakeholder preferences and barriers of program implementation. METHODS: This study assessed the feasibility, sustainability and efficacy of the VSP by surveying 93 customers and interviewing 14 programmatic stakeholders who had recently used the VSP or been involved with program design and implementation. RESULTS: We identified the following themes: The VSP addressed transportation barriers and food availability. The VSP impacted customers and the city by including improving food purchasing behavior, creating a food justice \"brand for the city\", and fostering a sense of community. Customers appreciated using Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits to pay for groceries, but policy changes are needed allow online processing of SNAP benefits.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Access to healthy foods",1,28,2,null,2,null,4,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1401,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1401,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1401,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Gill, E.",2017,"Oral health survey of five-year-olds 2014/15: Have strategies for increasing the levels of parental consent in Bradford been effective?","Public Health England facilitates national epidemiological surveys of five-year-olds to monitor oral health, both locally and nationally. Positive consent for participation in surveys such as these was introduced in 2006 following guidance from the Department of Health. Following this change, consent rates have fallen slightly. Bradford, a city in West Yorkshire in the north of England, has actively tried to encourage an increase in consent rates. In the 2014/15 survey several measures were implemented to encourage parents to return their consent forms in order to increase consent levels. Despite these additional measures consent rates have continued to fall. The schools involved in both the current (2014/15) and previous (2011/12) surveys were directly compared and the results showed a 4% decrease in consent returns. Consequently, recommendations have been made to investigate alternative strategies for increasing levels of survey participation. One of the suggested strategies is to gain consent for all health screening including dental examinations at school entry. Copyright© 2017 Dennis Barber Ltd.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","oral health",1,27,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Bradford",25,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1402,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Bradford"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1402,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandBradford",3,3,3]
["Tseng, T. Y., Krebs, P., Schoenthaler, A., Wong, S., Sherman, S., Gonzalez, M., Urbina, A., Cleland, C. M. and Shelley, D.",2017,"Combining Text Messaging and Telephone Counseling to Increase Varenicline Adherence and Smoking Abstinence Among Cigarette Smokers Living with HIV: A Randomized Controlled Study","Smoking represents an important health risk for people living with HIV (PLHIV). Low adherence to smoking cessation pharmacotherapy may limit treatment effectiveness. In this study, 158 participants recruited from three HIV care centers in New York City were randomized to receive 12-weeks of varenicline (Chantix) either alone as standard care (SC) or in combination with text message (TM) support or TM plus cell phone-delivered adherence-focused motivational and behavioral therapy (ABT). Generalized linear mixed-effect models found a significant decline in varenicline adherence from week 1-12 across treatment groups. At 12-weeks, the probability of smoking abstinence was significantly higher in SC+TM+ABT than in SC. The study demonstrates the feasibility of delivering adherence-focused interventions to PLHIV who smoke. Findings suggest intensive behavioral support is an important component of an effective smoking cessation intervention for this population, and a focus on improving adherence self-efficacy may lead to more consistent adherence and higher smoking abstinence.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Smoking cessation",1,7,2,null,1,null,7,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1403,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1403,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1403,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},2]
["Soranz, D. and Pisco, L. A.",2017,"Primary Health Care Reform in the cities of Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro: context, strategies, results, learning and challenges",null,"y",null,null,"Journal Article","primary health care reform",2,38,2,2,3,null,3,0,0,"multile",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1404,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1404,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Oluoch, P., Orwa, J., Lugalia, F., Mutinda, D., Gichangi, A., Oundo, J., Karama, M., Nganga, Z. and Galbraith, J.",2017,"Application of psychosocial models to Home-Based Testing and Counseling (HBTC) for increased uptake and household coverage in a large informal urban settlement in Kenya","Introduction: Home Based Testing and Counselling (HBTC) aims at reaching individuals who have low HIV risk perception and experience barriers which prevent them from seeking HIV testing and counseling (HTC) services. Saturating the community with HTC is needed to achieve the ambitious 90-90-90 targets of knowledge of HIV status, ARV treatment and viral suppression. This paper describes the use of health belief model and community participation principles in HBTC to achieve increased household coverage and HTC uptake. Methods: This cross sectional survey was done between August 2009 and April 2011 in Kibera slums, Nairobi city. Using three community participation principles; defining and mobilizing the community, involving the community, overcoming barriers and respect to cultural differences and four constructs of the health belief model; risk perception, perceived severity, perceived benefits of changed behavior and perceived barriers; we offered HTC services to the participants. Descriptive statistics were used to describe socio-demographic characteristics, calculate uptake and HIV prevalence. Results: There were 72,577 individuals enumerated at the start of the program; 75,141 residents were found during service delivery. Of those, 71,925 (95.7%) consented to participate, out of which 71,720 (99.7%) took the HIV test. First time testers were (39%). The HIV prevalence was higher (6.4%) among repeat testers than first time testers (4.0%) with more women (7.4%) testing positive than men (3.6%) and an overall 5.5% slum prevalence. Conclusion: This methodology demonstrates that the use of community participation principles combined with a psychosocial model achieved high HTC uptake, coverage and diagnosed HIV in individuals who believed they are HIV free. This novel approach provides baseline for measuring HTC coverage in a community.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,null,1,null,8,0,0,"Nairobi",244,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1405,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nairobi"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1405,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"kenya"},"kenyaNairobi",62,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1405,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":6},1]
["Groenewald, P., Neethling, I., Evans, J., Azevedo, V., Naledi, T., Matzopoulos, R., Nannan, N., Daniels, J. and Bradshaw, D.",2017,"Mortality trends in the city of Cape Town between 2001 and 2013: Reducing inequities in health","Background. The City of Cape Town (CoCT), South Africa, has collected cause-of-death data from death certificates for many years to monitor population health. In 2000, the CoCT and collaborators set up a local mortality surveillance system to provide timeous mortality data at subdistrict level. Initial analyses revealed large disparities in health across subdistricts and directed the implementation of public health interventions aimed at reducing these disparatities. Objectives. To describe the changes in mortality between 2001 and 2013 in health subdistricts in the CoCT. Methods. Pooled mortality data for the periods 2001 - 2004 and 2010 - 2013, from a local mortality surveillance system in the CoCT, were analysed by age, gender, cause of death and health subdistrict. Age-specific mortality rates for each period were calculated and age-standardised using the world standard population, and then compared across subdistricts. Results. All-cause mortality in the CoCT declined by 8% from 938 to 863 per 100 000 between 2001 - 2004 and 2010 - 2013. Mortality in males declined more than in females owing to a large reduction in male injury mortality, particularly firearm-related homicide. HIV/ AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) mortality dropped by ~10% in both males and females, but there was a marked shift to older ages. Mortality in children aged <5 years dropped markedly, mostly owing to reductions in HIV/AIDS and TB mortality. Health inequities between subdistricts were reduced, with the highest-burden subdistricts achieving the largest reductions in mortality. Conclusions. Local mortality surveillance provides important data for planning, implementing and evaluating targeted health interventions at small-area level. Trends in mortality over the past decade indicate some gains in health and equity, but highlight the need for multisectoral interventions to focus on HIV and TB and homicide and the emerging epidemic of non-communicable diseases. Copyright © 2017, South African Medical Association. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Mortality",1,0,2,null,4,null,5,0,0,"CapeTown",273,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1406,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"cape town"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1406,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"south africa"},"south africacape town",53,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1406,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":6},0]
["Nekouian, R. and Rasouli, B. S.",2017,"Implementation of cancer prevention control program in private sector in Iran","Cancer becomes a major public health issue while the number of cancer death is on dramatic rise in recent decades. However, this enhancement is mainly due to changing life style, increasing life expectancy, population growth, exposure to cancer risk factors, urbanization expansion, and reduction in child birth. To date, based on present knowledge about cancer risk factors about 40% of cancers are amenable to prevention. Therefore implementation of cancer prevention strategies is not only necessity for battling against this burden but also is the most effective way to reduce the increasing slope of cancer mortality rate, particularly in low and middle income countries such as Iran, never the less the fact should be considered that prevention approach effects become manifested in long time run. As response to the growing cancer concern in Iran, we as a non-governmental organization designed a cancer prevention program in Alborz province, the fourth populous city in Iran, which is based on World Health Organization prevention program. The prevention program was run based on six main strategies which are discussed in detail in this article. Copyright © 2017","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Cancer",1,22,2,null,0,null,8,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1407,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1407,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",33,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1407,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Pescarini, J. M., Rodrigues, L. C., Gomes, M. G. M. and Waldman, E. A.",2017,"Migration to middle-income countries and tuberculosis-global policies for global economies","Background: International migration to middle-income countries is increasing and its health consequences, in particular increasing transmission rates of tuberculosis (TB), deserve consideration. Migration and TB are a matter of concern in high-income countries and targeted screening of migrants for active and latent TB infection is a main strategy to manage risk and minimize transmission. In this paper, we discuss some aspects of TB control and migration in the context of middle-income countries, together with the prospect of responding with equitable and comprehensive policies. Main body: TB rates in middle-income countries remain disproportionally high among the poorest and most vulnerable groups in large cities where most migrant populations are concentrated. Policies that tackle migrant TB in high-income countries may be inadequate for middle-income countries because of their different socio-economic and cultural scenarios. Strategies to control TB in these settings must take into account the characteristics of middle-income countries and the complexity of TB as a disease of poverty. Intersectoral policies of social protection such as cash-transfer programs help reducing poverty and improving health in vulnerable populations. We address the development of new approaches to improve well-established strategies including contact tracing and active and latent TB screening as an 'add on' to the existing health care guidelines of conditional cash transfer programs. In addition, we discuss how it might improve health and welfare among both poor migrants and locally-born populations. Authorities from middle-income countries should recognise that migrants are a vulnerable social group and promote cooperation efforts between sending and receiving countries for mitigation of poverty and prevention of disease in this group. Conclusions: Middle-income countries have long sent migrants overseas. However, the influx of large migrant populations into their societies is relatively new and a growing phenomenon and it is time to set comprehensive goals to improve health among these communities. Conditional cash transfer policies with TB screening and strengthening of DOTS are some strategies that deserve attention. Reduction of social and health inequality among migrants should be incorporated into concerted actions to meet TB control targets. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","TB",1,34,1,null,2,null,1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1408,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1408,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1408,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Yuill, G., Amroyan, A., Millar, S., Vardapetyan, E., Habib, A. S. and Owen, M. D.",2017,"Establishing obstetric anesthesiology practice guidelines in the Republic of Armenia: A global health collaboration","Background: Disparity exists in anesthesia practices between high- and low-to-middle income countries, and awareness has been raised within the global health community to improve the standards of anesthesia care and patient safety. The establishment of international collaborations and appropriate practice guidelines may help address clinical care deficiencies. This report's aim was to assess the impact of a multiyear collaboration on obstetric anesthesia practices in the Republic of Armenia. Methods: An invited multinational team of physicians conducted six visits to Armenia between 2006 and 2015 to observe current practice and establish standards of obstetric anesthesia care. The Armenian Society of Anaesthesiologists and Intensive Care specialists collected data on the numbers of vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery, and neuraxial anesthesia use in maternity units during the period. Data were analyzed with the Fisher exact or chi-square test, as appropriate. Results: Neuraxial anesthesia use for cesarean delivery increased significantly (P < 0.0001) in all 10 maternity hospitals within the capital city of Yerevan. For epidural labor analgesia, there was sustained or increased use in only two hospitals. For hospitals located outside the capital city, there was a similar increase in the use of neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean delivery that was greater in hospitals that were visited by an external team (P < 0.0001); however, use of epidural labor analgesia was not increased significantly. Over the course of the collaboration, guidelines for obstetric anesthesia were drafted and approved by the Armenian Ministry of Health. Conclusions: Collaboration between Armenian anesthesiologists and dedicated visiting physicians to update and standardize obstetric anesthesia practices led to national practice guidelines and sustained improvements in clinical care in the Republic of Armenia. Copyright © 2017, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.","y",null,null,"Journal Article"," obstetric anesthesia care",2,37,2,null,3,null,2,0,0,"not",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1409,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1409,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",77,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1409,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},1]
["Yang, F., Chen, G., Zhang, M., Xu, J. and Xuan, J.",2017,"Physician insight of health economic benefit of rhythmia three-dimensional mapping system for radio frequency ablation procedures","OBJECTIVES: To explore and demonstrate the clinical/economic benefits associate with Rhythmia, a three-dimensional mapping system for radio frequency ablation procedures. METHODS: Rhythmia Mapping System was approved by China CFDA in 2015. Its clinical benefits include less mapping time, high precision and high degree of automation, however, no study has been conducted to explore and evaluate its potential health economic benefits. In this study, a KOL survey was conducted to explore such benefits. A questionnaire was designed to collect data associated with potential benefits of Rhythmia Mapping System such as the clinical advantages, the comparison with other mapping system, and the usage experience of Rhythmia system. Thirty-five clinicians who had Rhythmia experience from 11 cities (Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, etc.) in China completed the questionnaire. This survey population accounted for 70% of the physicians who had experience with Rhythmia Mapping System in China. RESULTS: The survey demonstrated the following health economic benefits: 94.3% of physicians believe that the Rhythmia system can improve the ablation efficacy of patients with complex arrhythmia. Compared with other mapping systems, Rhythmia system can reduce the median operation time by 30 minutes. The Atrial Fibrillation (AF) recurrence ratio of Rhythmia system versus other systems were 5% and 20%; and recurrence frequency were 1.5 and 2 respectively. With current cost of radiofrequency ablation averaging 73,873.68 Chinese Yuan (CNY) and the number of patients requiring radiofrequency ablation in China being 31.36 million, the application of Rhythmia system (used onlyfor 0.5% of all radiofrequency ablation operation) could result potential saving of 55 million CNY. Assuming the utilization of Rhythmia system comes up to 10%, the saving would be up to 1.1 billion CNY. CONCLUSIONS: Rhythmia three-dimensional Mapping System can improve the mapping accuracy and the efficacy of patients with complex arrhythmia. Substantial cost could be saved due to the application of Rhythmia system.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Rhythmia Mapping for cardiac arrhythmias",2,26,2,null,4,null,0,0,0,"11 cities in China",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1410,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1410,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1410,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Qader, G., Hamim, A., Sayedi, M., Rashidi, M., Manzoor, L., Seddiq, M. K., Ikram, N. and Suarez, P. G.",2017,"Addressing tuberculosis control in fragile states: Urban DOTS experience in Kabul, Afghanistan, 2009-2015","Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Afghanistan, but experience in implementing effective strategies to prevent and control TB in urban areas and conflict zones is limited. This study shares programmatic experience in implementing DOTS in the large city of Kabul. We analyzed data from the 2009-2015 reports of the National TB Program (NTP) for Kabul City and calculated treatment outcomes and progress in case notification using rates, ratios, and confidence interval. Urban DOTS was implemented by the NTP in partnership with United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded TB projects, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the private sector. Between 2009 and 2015, the number of DOTS-providing centers in Kabul increased from 22 to 85. In total, 24,619 TB patients were enrolled in TB treatment during this period. The case notification rate for all forms of TB increased from 59 per 100,000 population to 125 per 100,000. The case notification rate per 100,000 population for sputum-smear-positive TB increased from 25 to 33. The treatment success rate for all forms of TB increased from 31% to 67% and from 47% to 77% for sputum-smear-positive TB cases. The treatment success rate for private health facilities increased from 52% in 2010 to 80% in 2015. In 2013, contact screening was introduced, and the TB yield was 723 per 100,000-more than two times higher than the estimated national prevalence of 340 per 100,000. Contact screening contributed to identifying 2,509 child contacts of people with TB, and 76% of those children received isoniazid preventive therapy. The comprehensive urban DOTS program significantly improved service accessibility, TB case finding, and treatment outcomes in Kabul. Public- and private-sector involvement also improved treatment outcomes; however, the treatment success rate remains higher in private health facilities. While the treatment success rate increased significantly, it remains lower than the national average, and more efforts are needed to improve treatment outcomes in Kabul. We recommend that the urban DOTS approach be replicated in other countries and cities in Afghanistan with settings similar to Kabul. Copyright © This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","TB",1,34,1,null,4,null,7,0,0,"Kabul",290,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1411,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kabul"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1411,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Afghanistan"},"AfghanistanKabul",67,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1411,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Matzarakis, A. and Zielo, B.",2017,"Measures for the reduction of heat stress for humans - Relevance of heat actions plans. [German]","For a comprehensive prevention of hazards caused by heat waves, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the introduction of a standardized, national heat-health action plan. Whilst the main function of a heat health warning is to alert the population of upcoming heat events, a heat-health action plan follows a more broad approach. A heat-health action plan integrates a portfolio of actions at different levels, like for example the preparedness of the health system, improvements to housing and urban planning. Copyright © 2017, Springer-VDI Verlag GmbH and Co. KG. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Heat waves",1,0,2,null,7,null,1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1412,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1412,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1412,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Zuniga-Teran, A. A., Orr, B. J., Gimblett, R. H., Chalfoun, N. V., Guertin, D. P. and Marsh, S. E.",2017,"Neighborhood design, physical activity, and wellbeing: Applying the walkability model","Neighborhood design affects lifestyle physical activity, and ultimately human wellbeing. There are, however, a limited number of studies that examine neighborhood design types. In this research, we examine four types of neighborhood designs: traditional development, suburban development, enclosed community, and cluster housing development, and assess their level of walkability and their effects on physical activity and wellbeing. We examine significant associations through a questionnaire (n = 486) distributed in Tucson, Arizona using the Walkability Model. Among the tested neighborhood design types, traditional development showed significant associations and the highest value for walkability, as well as for each of the two types of walking (recreation and transportation) representing physical activity. Suburban development showed significant associations and the highest mean values for mental health and wellbeing. Cluster housing showed significant associations and the highest mean value for social interactions with neighbors and for perceived safety from crime. Enclosed community did not obtain the highest means for any wellbeing benefit. The Walkability Model proved useful in identifying the walkability categories associated with physical activity and perceived crime. For example, the experience category was strongly and inversely associated with perceived crime. This study provides empirical evidence of the importance of including vegetation, particularly trees, throughout neighborhoods in order to increase physical activity and wellbeing. Likewise, the results suggest that regular maintenance is an important strategy to improve mental health and overall wellbeing in cities. Copyright © 2017 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Physical activity ",1,29,2,null,2,null,5,0,0,"Tucson",214,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1413,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Tucson"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1413,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaTucson",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1413,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Nabukeera, M., Boerhannoeddin, A. and Noriza, R.",2017,"Impact of shared health services on service quality at health centres in Kampala capital city authority (KCCA)","The study aimed to assess whether sharing of health services improved service quality in health centers in Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA). With multi-stage sampling, data was gathered by face to face interviews, via translators from residents in the five divisions of KCCA, using a questionnaire. Schedules were made with Local Council I chairmen, and support to fill in the questionnaire was given to the respondents. The statistical methods used for analysis included a Chi-square, Spearman correlations and hierarchical regression. The study found that regarding tangibility, sharing health services significantly determines the number of modern medical equipments (p=0.000) and the number of medical personnel that had a neat and professional appearance (p=0.000) but did not determine the number of visually appealing health facilities (p=0.386). Recentralizing health care changed the mode of delivery. Health workers were responsive, reliable and provide better care for patients. There was increased availability of basic medical equipment, and health workers were neater in appearance with increased confidence and hence were better able to provide for the safety of residents. Copyright © 2017, Journal of University Malaya Medical Centre. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",2,0,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Kampala (Uganda)",106,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1414,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kampala"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1414,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"uganda"},{"$f":"+V1414&U1414","v":"ugandaKampala"},59,6,0]
["Yang, L., Pratt, C., Valencia, E., Conover, S., Fernandez, R., Burrone, M. S., Cavalcanti, M. T., Lovisi, G., Rojas, G., Alvarado, R., Galea, S., Price, L. N. and Susser, E.",2017,"RedeAmericas: Building research capacity in young leaders for sustainable growth in community mental health services in Latin America","The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and initial accomplishments of a training program of young leaders in community mental health research as part of a Latin American initiative known as RedeAmericas. RedeAmericas was one of five regional 'Hubs' funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to improve community mental health care and build mental health research capacity in low- and middle-income countries. It included investigators in six Latin American cities - Santiago, Chile; Medellin, Colombia; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Cordoba, Neuquen, and Buenos Aires in Argentina - working together with a team affiliated with the Global Mental Health program at Columbia University in New York City. One component of RedeAmericas was a capacity-building effort that included an Awardee program for early career researchers in the mental health field. We review the aims of this component, how it developed, and what was learned that would be useful for future capacity-building efforts, and also comment on future prospects for maintaining this type of effort. Copyright © The Author(s) 2017.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Community mental health care",2,25,2,null,1,null,8,0,0,"Santiago,  Medellin, Rio de Janeiro,  and Cordoba, Neuquen, and Buenos Aires ",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1415,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1415,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1415,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Silver, L. D., Ng, S. W., Ryan-Ibarra, S., Taillie, L. S., Induni, M., Miles, D. R., Poti, J. M. and Popkin, B. M.",2017,"Changes in prices, sales, consumer spending, and beverage consumption one year after a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Berkeley, California, US: A before-and-after study","Background: Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) meant to improve health and raise revenue are being adopted, yet evaluation is scarce. This study examines the association of the first penny per ounce SSB excise tax in the United States, in Berkeley, California, with beverage prices, sales, store revenue/consumer spending, and usual beverage intake. Methods and findings: Methods included comparison of pre-taxation (before 1 January 2015) and first-year post-taxation (1 March 2015-29 February 2016) measures of (1) beverage prices at 26 Berkeley stores; (2) point-of-sale scanner data on 15.5 million checkouts for beverage prices, sales, and store revenue for two supermarket chains covering three Berkeley and six control non-Berkeley large supermarkets in adjacent cities; and (3) a representative telephone survey (17.4% cooperation rate) of 957 adult Berkeley residents. Key hypotheses were that (1) the tax would be passed through to the prices of taxed beverages among the chain stores in which Berkeley implemented the tax in 2015; (2) sales of taxed beverages would decline, and sales of untaxed beverages would rise, in Berkeley stores more than in comparison non-Berkeley stores; (3) consumer spending per transaction (checkout episode) would not increase in Berkeley stores; and (4) self-reported consumption of taxed beverages would decline. Main outcomes and measures included changes in inflation-adjusted prices (cents/ounce), beverage sales (ounces), consumers' spending measured as store revenue (inflation-adjusted dollars per transaction) in two large chains, and usual beverage intake (grams/day and kilocalories/day). Tax pass-through (changes in the price after imposition of the tax) for SSBs varied in degree and timing by store type and beverage type. Pass-through was complete in large chain supermarkets (+1.07/oz, p = 0.001) and small chain supermarkets and chain gas stations (1.31/oz, p = 0.004), partial in pharmacies (+0.45/oz, p = 0.03), and negative in independent corner stores and independent gas stations (-0.64/oz, p = 0.004). Sales-unweighted mean price change from scanner data was +0.67/oz (p = 0.00) (sales-weighted, +0.65/oz, p = 0.003), with +1.09/oz (p < 0.001) for sodas and energy drinks, but a lower change in other categories. Post-tax year 1 scanner data SSB sales (ounces/transaction) in Berkeley stores declined 9.6% (p < 0.001) compared to estimates if the tax were not in place, but rose 6.9% (p < 0.001) for non-Berkeley stores. Sales of untaxed beverages in Berkeley stores rose by 3.5% versus 0.5% (both p < 0.001) for non-Berkeley stores. Overall beverage sales also rose across stores. In Berkeley, sales of water rose by 15.6% (p < 0.001) (exceeding the decline in SSB sales in ounces); untaxed fruit, vegetable, and tea drinks, by 4.37% (p < 0.001); and plain milk, by 0.63% (p = 0.01). Scanner data mean store revenue/consumer spending (dollars per transaction) fell 18 less in Berkeley (-$0.36, p < 0.001) than in comparison stores (-$0.54, p < 0.001). Baseline and post-tax Berkeley SSB sales and usual dietary intake were markedly low compared to national levels (at baseline, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SSB intake nationally was 131 kcal/d and in Berkeley was 45 kcal/d). Reductions in self-reported mean daily SSB intake in grams (-19.8%, p = 0.49) and in mean per capita SSB caloric intake (-13.3%, p = 0.56) from baseline to post-tax were not statistically significant. Limitations of the study include inability to establish causal links due to observational design, and the absence of health outcomes. Analysis of consumption was limited by the small effect size in relation to high standard error and Berkeley's low baseline consumption. Conclusions: One year following implementation of the nation's first large SSB tax, prices of SSBs increased in many, but not all, settings, SSB sales declined, and sales of untaxed beverages (especially water) and overall study beverages rose in Berkeley; overall consumer spending per transaction in the stores studied did not rise. Price increas s for SSBs in two distinct data sources, their timing, and the patterns of change in taxed and untaxed beverage sales suggest that the observed changes may be attributable to the tax. Post-tax self-reported SSB intake did not change significantly compared to baseline. Significant declines in SSB sales, even in this relatively affluent community, accompanied by revenue used for prevention suggest promise for this policy. Evaluation of taxation in jurisdictions with more typical SSB consumption, with controls, is needed to assess broader dietary and potential health impacts. Copyright © 2017 Silver et al.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Tax on sugar",1,28,2,null,2,null,6,0,0,"Berkley",243,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1416,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"berkley"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1416,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAberkley",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1416,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Hatefnia, E., Alinasab, A. and Ghorbani, M.",2017,"Impact of theory-based educational intervention on promotion of caries-prevention behaviors in iranian mothers with 3-6-year-old children","Background and objective: Early childhood caries as one of the dental diseases is highly prevalent among Iranian children. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of theory-based educational intervention on promotion of caries-prevention behaviors in mothers with children of three to six years of age in Fooman city. Materials and methods: This was an interventional quasi-experimental study and the population consisted of mothers with children of 3 to 6 years of age who referred to health care centers of Fooman city. A simple random sampling was conducted to select the intervention and control groups. The data collection tool was a questionnaire which has developed based on the theory of planned behavior. The data analysis was done using SPSS software version 20. Results: Descriptive analysis showed that among 80 participants, 57.5% had referred for their children's routine dental visits while 42.5% had not referred for their children's routine dental visits. Correlation Matrix illustrated a significant and direct correlation between the participants' knowledge, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control have with their intention to perform behavior. The results showed a statistically significant difference in mean scores of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, intention, perceived behavioural control and tooth brushing behavior among mothers with 3-6-year-old Children in the experimental group after the educational intervention compared to the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The use of educational methods based on the theory of planned behavior in mothers of 3-6-year-old children can be effective in prevention of oral diseases and improvement of children's oral health behaviors. Copyright © 2017, Scientific Publishers of India. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Early childhood ",1,27,2,null,1,null,1,0,0,"fooman city",280,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1417,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"fooman"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1417,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"iran"},"iranfooman",33,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1417,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Taing, D. and McKay, K.",2017,"Better Strength, Better Balance! Partnering to deliver a fall prevention program for older adults","SETTING: Falls incur significant health and economic costs, particularly among older adults. Physical activity has been found to be the single most important fall prevention behaviour an older adult can do. This manuscript describes Ottawa Public Health's (OPH) experience implementing the Better Strength, Better Balance! (BSBB) program, a fall prevention exercise program for older adults, through an innovative partnership with the local Recreation, Cultural & Facility Services (RCFS) Department. BSBB aims to reach 1300 community-dwelling adults (aged 65 years and older) per year through approximately 86-130 exercise programs. Designed as a universal program, BSBB addresses participation barriers such as transportation, cost and location. BSBB was enabled with funding from the Champlain Local Health Integration Network, and coincided with the implementation of an Older Adult Plan for the City of Ottawa. INTERVENTION: BSBB is a beginner-level, fall prevention exercise and education program that takes place twice a week, over 12 weeks. Certified RCFS instructors delivered the exercise components of the program and OPH staff incorporated fall prevention messaging and conducted the evaluation. OUTCOMES: The formative evaluation indicated that participants experienced improved strength and balance, decreased fear of falling and the intent to adopt new fall prevention behaviours following the program. The partnership between OPH and RCFS allowed both partners to leverage their unique and mutual strengths to continually improve the program. IMPLICATIONS: Improving access to strength and balance programming is an important public health strategy to reduce falls. The recreation sector is an ideal partner to help public health in this pursuit.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Fall prevention",2,44,2,null,1,null,2,0,0,"Ottawa",307,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1418,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Ottawa"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1418,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaOttawa",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1418,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Zhu, Y., Feng, X., Li, H., Huang, Y., Chen, J. and Xu, G.",2017,"A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of a geo-specific poster compared to a general poster for effecting change in perceived threat and intention to avoid drowning 'hotspots' among children of migrant workers: evidence from Ningbo, China","BACKGROUND: Drowning among children of migrant workers is a major, though neglected public health issue in China. METHODS: A randomised controlled trial was used to examine the potential impact of viewing a preventive health poster with/without geo-located drowning events on perceptions of drowning risk among Chinese migrant children. A total of 752 children from three schools in Jiangbei district were selected by multi-stage sampling and randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 380) or control (n = 372). Multilevel models were used to analyse changes in responses to the following questions after viewing the assigned poster for 10 min: (1) \"Do you believe that drowning is a serious health problem in Ningbo city?\"; (2) \"Do you believe that there are lots of drowning-risk waters around you?\"; (3) \"Do you believe that the likelihood of your accessing a drowning-risk water is great?\"; and (4) \"Would you intend to avoid accessing to those drowning-risk waters when being exposed?\" RESULTS: At baseline there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in perceptions of drowning risk or covariates. Following the intervention, participants that viewed the geo-specific poster were more likely to respond more favourably to the first three questions (p < 0.001) than those who viewed the standard poster. However, there was no substantive difference between the geo-specific or standard poster in terms of changing intentions to avoid drowning hotspots (p = 0.214). CONCLUSIONS: Use of 'geo-located' information added value to the effectiveness of a drowning prevention poster for enhancing awareness of drowning hotspots among children of migrant workers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IOR-16008979 (Retrospectively registered) (The date of trial registration: Aug 5, 2016, the date of enrolment of the first participant: Nov 10, 2015).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Drowning ",1,44,2,null,1,null,7,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1419,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1419,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1419,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Yue, D., Ruan, S., Xu, J., Zhu, W., Zhang, L., Cheng, G. and Meng, Q.",2017,"Impact of the China Healthy Cities Initiative on Urban Environment","The China Healthy Cities initiative, a nationwide public health campaign, has been implemented for 25 years. As \"Healthy China 2030\" becomes the key national strategy for improving population health, this initiative is an important component. However, the effects of the initiative have not been well studied. This paper aims to explore its impact on urban environment using a multiple time series design. We adopted a stratified and systematic sampling method to choose 15 China healthy cities across the country. For the selected healthy cities, 1:1 matched non-healthy cities were selected as the comparison group. We collected longitudinal data from 5 years before cities achieved the healthy city title up to 2012. We used hierarchical models to calculate difference-in-differences estimates for examining the impact of the initiative. We found that the China Healthy Cities initiative was associated with increases in the proportion of urban domestic sewage treated (32 percentage points), the proportion of urban domestic garbage treated (30 percentage points), and the proportion of qualified farmers' markets (40 percentage points), all of which are statistically significant (P<0.05). No significant change was found for increases in green coverage of urban built-up area (5 percentage points), green space per capita (2 square meter), and days with Air Quality Index/Air Pollution Index<=100 (25 days). In conclusion, the China Healthy Cities initiative was associated with significant improved urban environment in terms of infrastructure construction, yet had little impact on green space and air quality.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Improving urban environment",1,0,2,null,2,null,5,0,0,"not ",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1420,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1420,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1420,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Kovalskys, I., Rausch Herscovici, C., Indart Rougier, P., De Gregorio, M. J., Zonis, L. and Orellana, L.",2017,"Study Protocol of MINI SALTEN: a technology-based multi-component intervention in the school environment targeting healthy habits of first grade children and their parents","BACKGROUND: MINI SALTEN is a program developed to increase moderate to vigorous physical activity (PA) and improve eating habits at home and school in first grade children. It aims to assess the effects of a technology family-based and PA school-based intervention. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the protocol design and the MINISALTEN intervention. METHODS: This is cluster-randomized controlled trial designed to run from July 2015 to November 2016 in 12 public schools of the city of Buenos Aires, matched for socio-demographic characteristics. The intervention is based on two main components: (a) \"active breaks\" (AB): implemented during school breaks by a PA instructor; (b) \"virtual\" (V): web-based contents delivered to the families via a multiplatform application. Using a computer generated random sequence participants are allocated to one of four intervention conditions: (AB), (V), (AB + V), and control (C). Outcomes are measured at baseline and 12 months post intervention, and will include data collected from the child and her/his mother/father or guardian. Primary outcome measures are: PA and sedentary behaviour (measured with accelerometers). Secondary outcome measures related are: percentage of kilocalories (kcal) from added sugars, and from total and saturated fats; grams of fruits and vegetables; and number of snacks and kcal coming from their added sugars and total and saturated fats. Family socio-economic level, home environment, and school environment will also be assessed. Statistical analysis is on an intention-to-treat principle. Baseline characteristics are described using summary measures and mixed models (with school as random effect). The effect of the two interventions will be estimated using a generalized mixed linear model with link and distribution selected according to the type of outcome. Included random effects are: child (or mother/father or guardian) accounting for repeated measures; school accounting for cluster induced by school. The most parsimonious model for each outcome will be reported. The False Discovery Rate criterion will be used to correct for multiple testing in non-planned analyses. DISCUSSION: It is a pioneer assessment of the impact of a technology-based virtual intervention and a school-based PA program, designed to prevent obesity, and involving the parents at public schools of Buenos Aires. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN58093412 . Registered March 14th, 2016 (retrospectively registered).","n","study protocol only",null,"Journal Article","Childhood obesity",1,1,2,null,2,null,1,0,0,"Bueno Aires",27,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1421,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Buenos Aires"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1421,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"argentina"},"argentinaBuenos Aires",8,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1421,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},0]
["Moosa, S., Derese, A. and Peersman, W.",2017,"Insights of health district managers on the implementation of primary health care outreach teams in Johannesburg, South Africa: a descriptive study with focus group discussions","BACKGROUND: Primary health care (PHC) outreach teams are part of a policy of PHC re-engineering in South Africa. It attempts to move the deployment of community health workers (CHWs) from vertical programmes into an integrated generalised team-based approach to care for defined populations in municipal wards. There has little evaluation of PHC outreach teams. Managers' insights are anecdotal. METHODS: This is descriptive qualitative study with focus group discussions with health district managers of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. This was conducted in a sequence of three meetings with questions around implementation, human resources, and integrated PHC teamwork. There was a thematic content analysis of validated transcripts using the framework method. RESULTS: There were two major themes: leadership-management challenges and human resource challenges. Whilst there was some positive sentiment, leadership-management challenges loomed large: poor leadership and planning with an under-resourced centralised approach, poor communications both within the service and with community, concerns with its impact on current services and resistance to change, and poor integration, both with other streams of PHC re-engineering and current district programmes. Discussion by managers on human resources was mostly on the plight of CHWs and calls for formalisation of CHWs functioning and training and nurse challenges with inappropriate planning and deployment of the team structure, with brief mention of the extended team. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst there is positive sentiment towards intent of the PHC outreach team, programme managers in Johannesburg were critical of management of the programme in their health district. Whilst the objective of PHC reform is people-centred health care, its implementation struggles with a centralising tendency amongst managers in the health service in South Africa. Managers in Johannesburg advocated for decentralisation. The implementation of PHC outreach teams is also limited by difficulties with formalisation and training of CHWs and appropriate task shifting to nurses. Change management is required to create true integrate PHC teamwork. Policy review requires addressing these issues.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Primary care outreach teams",2,38,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"johannsburg",289,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1422,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Johannesburg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1422,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"South Africa"},"South AfricaJohannesburg",53,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1422,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":6},0]
["Williams, M. D., Jean, M. C., Chen, B., Molinari, N. A. M. and LeBlanc, T. T.",2017,"Primary Care Emergency Preparedness Network, New York City, 2015: Comparison of Member and Nonmember Sites","OBJECTIVES: To assess whether Primary Care Emergency Preparedness Network member sites reported indicators of preparedness for public health emergencies compared with nonmember sites. The network-a collaboration between government and New York City primary care associations-offers technical assistance to primary care sites to improve disaster preparedness and response. METHODS: In 2015, we administered an online questionnaire to sites regarding facility characteristics and preparedness indicators. We estimated differences between members and nonmembers with natural logarithm-linked binomial models. Open-ended assessments identified preparedness gaps. RESULTS: One hundred seven sites completed the survey (23.3% response rate); 47 (43.9%) were nonmembers and 60 (56.1%) were members. Members were more likely to have completed hazard vulnerability analysis (risk ratio [RR]=1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.28, 2.93), to have identified essential services for continuity of operations (RR=1.39; 95% CI=1.03, 1.86), to have memoranda of understanding with external partners (RR=2.49; 95% CI=1.42, 4.36), and to have completed point-of-dispensing training (RR=4.23; 95% CI=1.76, 10.14). Identified preparedness gaps were improved communication, resource availability, and train-the-trainer programs. Public Health Implications. Primary Care Emergency Preparedness Network membership is associated with improved public health emergency preparedness among primary care sites.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Preparedness for PH emergencies",2,44,2,null,1,null,2,0,2,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1423,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1423,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1423,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Von Heimburg, D. and Hakkebo, B.",2017,"Health and equity in all policies in local government: processes and outcomes in two Norwegian municipalities","RESULTS: The narrative identified key learning from implementing HEiAP at the local level, i.e. the importance of strengthening system and human capacities. System capacity is strengthened by governing HEiAP according to national legislation and a holistic governance system at the local level. Municipal plans are based on theory, evidence and local data. A 'main story' is developed to support the vision, defining joint societal goals and co-creation strategies. Policies are anchored by measuring and monitoring outcomes, sharing accountability and continuous dialogue to ensure political commitment. Human capacity is strengthened through participatory leadership, soft skills and health promotion competences across sectors. Health promotion competence at a strategic level in the organization, participation in professional networks, crowd sourcing toward common goals, and commitment through winning hearts and minds of politicians and other stakeholders are vital aspects. AIMS: To identify key factors in implementing Health and Equity in All Policies (HEiAP) at the local level in two Norwegian municipalities in order to accelerate the progress of promoting health, well-being and equity in other local governments. APPROACH: This case study is presented as a narrative from policy-making processes in two Norwegian municipalities. The story is told from an insider perspective, with a focus on HEiAP policy makers in these two municipalities. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience pinpoints the importance of strengthening system and human capacity in local governments. Further, we found it important to focus on the two strategic objectives in the European strategy 'Health 2020': (1) Improving health for all and reducing health inequalities; (2) improving leadership and participatory governance for health.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Local planning - HEiAP",1,3,2,null,2,null,1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1424,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1424,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",42,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1424,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Volpe, F. M., Ladeira, R. M. and Fantoni, R.",2017,"Evaluating the Brazilian zero tolerance drinking and driving law: Time series analyses of traffic-related mortality in three major cities","OBJECTIVE: A zero tolerance alcohol restriction law was adopted in Brazil in 2008. In order to assess the effectiveness of this intervention, the present study compares specific mortality in 2 time series: 1980-2007 and 2008-2013. METHODS: Data on mortality and population were gathered from official Brazilian Ministry of Health information systems. Segmented regression analyses were carried out separately for 3 major Brazilian capitals: Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo. RESULTS: In 2 cities (Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro) there were no significant changes in mortality rate trends in 2 periods, 1980 to 2007 and 2008 to 2013, where the observed rates did not differ significantly from predicted rates. In Sao Paulo, a decreasing trend until 2007 unexpectedly assumed higher levels after implementation of the law. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence of reduced traffic-related mortality in the 3 major Brazilian capitals 5.5 years after the zero tolerance drinking and driving law was adopted.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Alcohol",1,13,2,null,2,null,4,0,0," Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo. ",16,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1425,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Belo Horizonte"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1425,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilBelo Horizonte",14,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1425,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},0]
["Munoz, I. and Garatea, J.",2016,"ObesiTIC. Collaborative design for health improvement through physical activity and sports","Introduction ObesiTIC is a project which aims to investigate innovative information and communication technologies resulting in a new ICT tool specifically designed for children and teenagers, in order to acquire healthy lifestyles, promoting physical activity and avoiding health and social problems associated with obesity and overweight. This is achieved through its co-design and validation with children and teens following a Living Lab approach through SPORTIS Living Lab, a European Network of Living Lab's effective member. Objectives To develop an innovative solution that would enable health-related behaviour changes, increase motivation, promote physical activity and reduce prolonged sedentary time in users, thanks to persuasive and ubiquitous computing techniques. To be validated by SPORTIS Living Lab. Following SPORTIS aim to involve society in the innovation process, ObesiTIC will be validated by end-users (children and teenagers) combined with the development of the application and final product, in order to suit and respect all the needs and aspects of the users' requirements. Methods A Living Lab methodology is implemented: Exploring and identifying potential end users Co-design with end users Testing through focus groups Expected Results: Visibility, recognition and implication by the administration, user groups and SMEs. Different cross-border and local activities, like the People Olympics Initiative, which is an international initiative for social innovation based on collective physical activity competitions between cities around the world. Scale the project up to all ages and to different European countries contributing to the initiative, involving European SMEs to test and validate it.","n",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"digital",4,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1426,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1426,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Pejaver, R. K.",2017,"Low cost interventions to improve outcomes in newborns","In 2010, 7.7 million children died ( Lancet) Out of these 3.1 million deaths (40.3%) were newborns. 65% of these deaths occurred in 10 countries, those from the subsaharan Africa, south asia and china. Nearly 40% of these deaths occur within 24 hours of the birth. The causes of most of these deaths are a handful of the conditions, namely perinatal asphyxia, sepsis, prematurity and low birth weight, congenital anomalies. The actual reason behind these are lack of infrastructure in health care, low health care budget, poverty and non affordability. Political lack of vision and prioritizatioin of problems. Even in one country neonatal mortality is lower in rich than in poor regions. Higher in rural areas as compared to urban cities. *Resources dedicated to neonatal health are small in low income countries. Reasons put forward are , neonatal mortality is dependent on development (wealth). The cost of neonatal care is high, high technology, great expertise is needed and this is not uniformly available in low resource countries. Though this may be partially correct, examples like Srilanka, Bangladesh and some of the states in India like Kerala, Goa are clear examples of good performance with the same handicaps as the others. With introduction of low cost interventions,1 million of neonatal lives could be saved in one year. These simple interventions are cost effective and do not need any high tech support or high level expertise. Some of these are during the antenatal period, some in the labour room and many of them in the neonatal care. Effective antenatal care is the basis of good outcome of pregnancy. Nutrition, immunization, surveillance of the mother and fetus are the pillars of good care. Institutional deliveries, delivery by a trained birth attendant , a referral system and good ambulance services are other important aspects. Antenatal steroids for women who are expected to go in for preterm delivery.-. single course of steroids to mother, reduces the incidence of RDS, IVH, NEC. Shortens the stay in hospital, reduces the need for ventilation and oxygen. Magnesium sulphate in preterm labor- given to women at risk of preterm birth, provides neuroprotection to the fetus. Cerebral palsy and motor disabilities reduced by 40%. Delayed umbilical cord clampingimproves the hematocrit of the newborn, reduces IVH, improves immunity. Resuscitation: Trained personnel to provide the same, regulating oxygen at resuscitation and subsequently in the nursery and NICU. Temperature control in the delivery room. Plastic wrap/ plastic bag prevents evaporative heat loss in preterm infants. Hypothermia on its own and combined with other morbidities is a potential killer. Hand washing- has been proved beyond doubt as a substantial reducer of infection, preventing the enormous morbidity that is associated with neonatal sepsis. CPAP vs ventilator - Early CPAP reduces the need for surfactant therapy, prevents morbidities associated with invasive ventilation, early discharge. Breast feeding- within an hour, exclusive until 6 months of age imparts innumerable benefit to mother, baby and the community. Early enteral feeding , preferably with breast milk improves weight gain, provides optimum nutrition, reduces infection and reduces hospital stay . Kangaroo mother care is a marvelous modality, prevents hypothermia, improves breast feeding rates, weight gain and shortens the hospital stay. Antibiotics only when needed, rationale use of antibiotics along with infection control measures is another great boon to reduce neonatal sepsis, nosocomial in addition to avoiding the development of the dangerous situation of antibiotic resistance. These interventions, can be practiced even in small units, easy and cost effective. They should be practiced totally and consistently, do derive the benefit. The outcome will definitively improve and the myth that neonatal care is expensive and not feasible and possible in resource restricted areas will be proved wrong.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Neonatal mortality",2,37,2,null,0,null,0,0,0," not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1427,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1427,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1427,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Wu, M.",2017,"The practice and reflection on the creative propaganda work of voluntary blood donation","Background: To innovate and expand the content, ways of voluntary blood donation propaganda, will promote the sustained and healthy development of voluntary blood donation. Aims: To innovate and expand the content, ways of voluntary blood donation propaganda, will promote the sustained and healthy development of voluntary blood donation. Methods: Cooperating with the mass media, innovating the content of propaganda. Then, we will choose the topic of activities carefully, and optimize different kinds of promotion ways. Finally, we are excepting the whole community could engage in these actives and improve the propaganda ways together. In order to evaluate the effect of different kinds of propaganda ways, the annual volume and number of blood donation were collected and analyzed. Results: From 2012 to 2016 in Jiaxing City, the total number of blood donation increased from 41934 to 47806, the average annual growth rate was 2.73%, there were statistically significant differences between growth rate (P < 0.01); whole blood volume increased from 13168.43 to 14859.3 L, apheresis blood volume increased from 2618.5 U to 4691.4 U; the number of blood donors who from Colleges and universities in this city, increased from 2556 to 4137, volume increased from 753.53 to 1217.28 L, the difference of blood donation and blood donation was significant (P < 0.05). Summary/Conclusions: Applying omni-directional, multi-channel and multidimensional propaganda and education of voluntary blood donation, the number of voluntary blood donors and volume of blood donation can be increased continuously. (2)Innovation: the so-called blood donation is the donation of souvenirs, elements and outstanding creative combination of products, and it is quite common for people to rebuild, has become the new combination product blood culture, in blood donors and blood donation to establish a new relationship between cultures. (3)Practical: souvenirs are carriers. The souvenir of blood donation should be widely applied to people's daily life, and realize the extension and cultural appreciation of the voluntary blood donation culture in the circulation. Results: Combining the needs of blood donors with the functions of blood donation souvenirs, satisfying the mental needs and emotional appeals of donors, and satisfying their mental and spiritual well-being. Summary/Conclusions: The souvenir of blood donation carries the expression of social respect and gratitude for the blood donors. It has the unique significance and value in use. From a certain point of view, the design, the color of the blood donation issue full of souvenirs, the implementation of the new consumer love culture in blood donors, can play the effect of interpersonal communication, to recruit newer and more potential donors.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Blood donation",2,17,2,null,1,null,0,0,0," Jiaxing City",263,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1428,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Jiaxing"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1428,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaJiaxing",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1428,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Tumusiime, T. and Nakate, A. S.",2017,"Improvement of tuberculosis treatment success rate in Kampala district through community linkage facilitators","Background: Kampala accounts for the biggest national TB burden yet it had low treatment success rate (TSR) compared to WHO target by 2013. To improve Tuberculosis TSR in the district, a community based directly observed treatment short course (CBDOTs) strategy was strengthened through implementation of Urban DOTs model. Part of this model involved follow up of patients in the community by the community linkage facilitators (CLFs). This was under tripartite agreement with Track TB project (MSH), AIDS information centre and Kampala Capital City Authority. The objective of this intervention was to improve TSR in Kampala to meet the national targets through strengthening community linkage to health facilities. We share experiences and progress in improving TSR through CLFs in Kampala. Methods: 40 CLFs supervised by six community supervisors were attached to 20 health facilities that notify 80% of the TB burden in Kampala. These were to support implementation of urban DOTS, carry out health education, tracing TB contacts and treatment interrupters. In addition, CLFs provided support to update TB records and TB screening at major facility entry points. They were provided with recording and reporting tools for community based activities which included community TB register, contact tracing register and referral forms for presumptive cases. They also received transport refund, cell phones, airtime and protective wears. Regular mentorships and review meetings were conducted for continuous capacity building. Results: Following this intervention, TB treatment success rate in Kampala rose from 70% in 2013 to 85% by March 2015 and most notably Stop TB partnership awarded it an accolade of being the most improved district in Uganda in 2014. Cure rates improved from 56%-77% and lost to follow-up from 14% to 5% by September 2016. Conclusion: Implementation of TB control through CLFs can greatly impact on treatment success rates in an urban setting like Kampala.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","TB",2,34,1,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Kampala",106,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1429,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kampala"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1429,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"uganda"},"ugandaKampala",59,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1429,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":6},1]
["Kodate, N.",2017,"Community-based approaches to looking after older people in tokyo","Background: Population ageing is a global phenomenon, and community-based approaches have been promoted by many stakeholders in order to provide the structures and services to support residents' wellbeing and productivity. As one of the world's largest urban areas, Tokyo is faced with a great challenge to maximise the health, functional capacity and participation of older people. The recent census shows that the population of older people in Tokyo surpassed 3 million for the first time. This paper addresses some of those challenges, and shows a few examples of local communities' initiatives in Tokyo to help older persons stay in their private homes and communities. Methods: This is a scoping study collating information from local communities in Japan's urban areas where unique initiatives were adopted and pursued by local councils, healthcare professionals, social workers and carers. A case study method, combined with document analysis and interviews, was adopted to illuminate similarities and differences among local communities' approaches to looking after older people. Results: Different models (initiatives and approaches) were found across Tokyo, each reflecting its distinct local history and profile (e.g. industry, local politics). Out of these, two municipalities were identified to compare and contrast. It is found that communitybased approaches to looking after older people in Tokyo have been often driven by national government, and developed in response to matters such as the lack of affordable housing and increasing care needs. However, proactive measures were also taken to make towns liveable and inclusive. Conclusions: To address the same issue of a super-ageing society, local solutions were sought depending on who became the main drivers for change, and the resources available. Further study needs to be carried out to measure the effectiveness of these models, and also compare them with other initiatives such as the Global Age-Friendly Cities programme in Ireland.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Population aging",1,0,2,null,7,null,8,0,0,"Tokyo",325,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1430,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"tokyo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1430,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Japan"},"Japantokyo",35,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1430,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Maria, E., Casagrande Soria, M. L., Antun, M. C., Gonzalez, V., Ferrari, M. F., Eisenberg, M. P., Saidman, N., Liguero, M. E., Di Paola, M. and Icicson, M.",2017,"My healthy school program","Background and objectives: The My Healthy School Program (MHS) of the Directorate-General of Health Development of the Deputy Mayor's Office of the Buenos Aires City Government, is an educational program which promotes healthy habits in the entire educational community. It has been in place since 2012 in Buenos Aires City kindergarten and elementary public schools, with a duration of 2 years in each establishment. Methods: Indicators of the Program's scope, as well as the main findings of the general assessment are described. Results: Since its initiation MHS has been implemented in 130 kindergarten schools and 167 elementary schools (one third of all city establishments). This represents a scope of approximately 61 000 children and 6 700 teachers. To date, the Program has carried out 3 236 workshops for children, 662 for teachers and 628 workshops for families. The Recess in Movement component had the participation of 22 342 children, and over 200 articulations with other Government programs were carried out. Furthermore, My Healthy Magazine, a bimonthly publication on MHS key issues, has reached 14 editions and has been distributed to all students of participating schools. The Program assessment has taken into account the feedback of children, families and teachers. Sixty percent of children who participated in MHS considered they adopted healthier eating habits after the Program, and 55% said they were doing more physical exercise. Among changes in eating habits, children mentioned increase in vegetable (41%), fruit (55%) and water (65%) intake. In regards to teachers, over 90% expressed being satisfied or very satisfied with the Program, 51% considered MHS generated positive changes in the educational community's habits and 47% said MHS trained and provided them with tools for addressing the issues in the classroom. The qualitative component of the assessment showed the presence of nutritionists in the establishments stands out as a key advantage. Conclusions: The scope and acceptance of MHS make it a very useful strategy for creating heathier school environments.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Healthy schools",1,0,2,null,1,null,1,0,2,"Buenos Aires",27,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1431,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Buenos Aires"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1431,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"argentina"},"argentinaBuenos Aires",8,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1431,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},1]
["Kovalskys, I., Indart Rougier, P., Luciana, L., Rauch Herscovici, C. and De Gregorio, M. J.",2017,"Mini salten: A case study on learnings from Argentina on outcomes and challenges","Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for 5-17 years old, of the World Health Organization (WHO), are to invest at least 60 minutes a day in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Mini SALTEN is a program developed to improve eating habits and increase moderate to vigorous physical activity at home and school in first grade children. It aims to assess the effects of a technology family-based and physical activity (PA) school-based intervention. The design of the protocol was based in a cluster-randomized controlled trial designed to run from July 2015 to November 2016 in twelve public schools of the city of Buenos Aires, matched for socio-demographic characteristics. The intervention was based on two main components: a) virtual (V): web-based presentations delivered to the mothers via a multiplatform application; b) active breaks (AB): implemented during school breaks by a PA instructor. V: Especially designed web-based contents, targeting families and children aimed at encouraging the improvement of eating habits of the whole family both at home and at school, and increasing mothers' knowledge of the benefits of PA and consequences of sedentary behaviour, and proposing pleasurable movement entailing activities for the children. AB: included activities comprising movement during school breaks that were promoted with motivation as a backbone and devoid of a competitive strive; active play in which fun, pleasure, and sharing were emphasized. PA instructor guided activities with the goal of promoting active play for a minimum of 20-30 min/day, depending on each school. Using a computer generated random sequence participants were allocated to one of four intervention conditions resulting in 4 clusters: (AB), (V), (AB) + (V), and control (C). Outcomes are measured at baseline and 12 months post intervention, and included data collected from the dyad (child and her/his mother). The levels of PA were measured using ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers for 7 consecutive days (24 hours). Outcomes were: time in light, moderate and vigorous PA and sedentary time (minutes/day). Family socio- economic level, home environment, and school environment were also assessed. This study provides objective information regarding dietary and PA patterns of first grade children of public schools of Buenos Aires. It is a pioneer assessment of the impact of a technology-based virtual intervention, involving the parents, designed to prevent obesity. planning public health policies.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"Buenos Aires, ",27,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1432,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Buenos Aires"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1432,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"argentina"},"argentinaBuenos Aires",8,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1432,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},1]
["He, Y.",2017,"How well does the leading pharmaceutical reform model work in China?-an interrupted time series analysis","Objectives: This present study aimed to explore the impact of the pharmaceutical reform of Sanming city, one of the most leading healthcare reform models in China on both drug and total health expenditures. Methods: Interrupted time series analysis with two intervention points was used to examine the impact of the pharmaceutical reform in Sanming City, China. The first intervention point was the implementation of Zero Mark-up Drug Policy, whereas the second one was the launch of Centralized Procurement of Medicine Policy. Primary outcomes are monthly inpatient drug expenditure and monthly inpatient total health expenditure. Data spanning from May 2012 to May 2014 are included. Results: Both inpatient drug and total health expenditures exhibited rising trends before any policy was carried out. The launch of Zero Mark-up Drug Policy led to significant instant reductions in levels of inpatient drug expenditure (coefficient= -7,520.90, p< 0.01) and total health expenditure (coefficient= -16,737, p< 0.01). Moreover, the previous upward trends were changed into downward trends for inpatient drug expenditure (coefficient= -2,747.02, p= 0.00) and total health expenditure (coefficient= -3,069.29, p= 0.12). However, after the implementation of Centralized Procurement of Medicine Policy, we observed no significant instant level changes and also, the inpatient drug expenditure (coefficient= 372.95, p= 0.01) and total health expenditure (coefficient= 788.76, p= 0.06) resumed upward trends again meaning they returned to growing again. Conclusions: Although the pharmaceutical reform could control or reduced drug expenditure and total health expenditure in short term, the effect became weakened or even faded out in long term, indicating expenditures gradually resumed growing again and reached or even exceeded their baseline levels of pre-reform period. In all, the pharmaceutical reform as a whole failed to meet its goal of combating sharp growth of drug and total health expenditure.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Pharmaceutical reform",2,38,2,null,3,null,1,0,0,"Sanming City",319,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1433,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sanming"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1433,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"China"},"ChinaSanming",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1433,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Franzoni, L., Crafa, P., Bertele, A., Corrente, V., Grillo, S., Landi, S., Miraglia, C., Scida, S. and Di Mario, F.",2017,"Raising public awareness of GI disease: An innovative strategy for a national campaign","Disease prevention and high public awareness are fundamental to reduce morbidity, mortality and health-related costs. Goals of our campaign are: to raise awareness about GI diseases, risk factors, symptoms; to convince people to change behavior and to prompt them with concerns to visit doctors as early as possible; to facilitate communication between healthcare providers and population. We organized population-based events in Parma and neighbouring Cities, during which: giant inflatable anatomical models were installed; educational panels were set and explained, both inside and outside the models; videos illustrating endoscopic exams and histopathology examinations were discussed; clinical cases were simulated. Specialists in Gastroenterology, Anatomic Pathology, Radiology, Surgery, Biochemistry, Nutrition, together with pre-and post-graduate Students, discussed various topics: dyspepsia, gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, GERD, cirrhosis, hepatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal polyp and polyposis, GI cancer, food allergy and intolerance, optimal nutrition in health and disease. 120 people were examined by ultrasonography. Municipality and Civil Society were also involved to ensure organizational efficiency. The event in Parma lasted two full days and was attended by about 3000 people. In neighbouring Cities the events lasted one day; therefore the number of participants was lower, but satisfactory. We started an innovative strategy of raising public awareness, focused on multidisciplinary team, scientific rigor but simple words, people attraction. The interactive approach and the environment out of health-care centres facilitated population to feel comfortable and eager to learn. This strategy seems promising, we are refining the model for a national campaign.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","gastro disease",1,0,2,"education to public",1,"national funding",8,0,0,"Parma (italy)",308,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1434,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Parma"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1434,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Italy"},"ItalyParma",34,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1434,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["May, J., Farrell-Moore, D., Masri, D. N. and Cox, B.",2017,"Rich recovery: Integrating primary and behavioral healthcare for individuals with substance use disorders","Aims: It is well established in the literature that physical health outcomes for individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders are far worse than outcomes in the general population. The Richmond Behavioral Health Authority (RBHA), a behavioral health services provider serving residents in the city of Richmond, Virginia, has significantly expanded their initial integrated health care program over the last five years to create a full scale, primary health care clinic serving those who receive behavioral health services from RBHA. Most of the individuals served in the program have a co-occurring mental health and substance use disorder diagnosis. The goals of the program are to: (1) Improve health outcomes for those with co-occurring substance use disorder and mental health disorders; (2) Reduce costs associated with the care of individuals with behavioral health disorders; (3) Adapt to the changing healthcare landscape precipitated by the ACA and the push towards integrated care; (4) Use technology innovations to improve patient care; and (5) Develop a sustainable model for the delivery of integrated care into the future. Conclusions: This program description will include: (1) Challenges met and innovations initiated at startup; (2) Details about populations served, including numbers served, demographics, and high-level outcome data; (3) Challenges with regard to staffing, culture change, and integration into the culture of behavioral health; and (4) Lessons learned and plans for sustainability. The integrated care initiative has led to a culture change in RBHA's approach to the delivery of behavioral health and substance use disorders services that is more holistic, patient-centered, and has the potential to greatly decrease costs of care to a population that has been historically expensive to treat. Our integrated care initiative is a an innovative program that meets the challenges of the future while improving outcomes for the people we serve.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","mental health and substance misuse",1,25,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Richmond",171,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1435,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Richmond"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1435,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaRichmond",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1435,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Vafiadis, D., McKnight, L., Gavras, H., Robb, K. and Denning, M.",2017,"Industry and non-profit partnerships as an effective model for implementation of community-based nutrition interventions","Introduction: Consuming fruits, vegetables and whole grains is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Community-based nutrition programs are an effective approach to changing attitudes and behaviors around food and health in underserved populations. The American Heart Association and Aramark launched Healthy for Life 20 by 20, a five-year initiative to increase fruits, vegetables and whole grains by 20 percent. A major focus of their collaboration was the development and implementation of a 12-week community-delivered nutrition engagement pilot. The purpose of this pilot was to evaluate the effectiveness of this health program in improving healthy food purchasing behaviors, nutrition and lifestyle choices. Methods: A 12-week pilot intervention was designed and implemented in three cities at five community centers March-June 2016. Weekly sessions were focused on enhancement of healthy cooking and shopping skills, nutrition education, and assessment of personal cardiovascular risk factors. Participating centers had the option to choose from two delivery methods: optimal and flexible. Participant fruit and vegetable intake, whole grain intake, and number of meals prepared at home were assessed before and after completion of the intervention. Results: Study participants (n=119) were predominately female (79%), Hispanic (60%) and African-American (27%), had high school or lower educational attainment (67%), lower income (39% < $20K, 40% $20K-$39.9K), young and middle ages (45% <34 years old, 27% 35-44), and 52% had >= 2 children living in their household. Three-quarters of participants (76%) had no previous experience participating in health and wellness programs. The median consumption of fruits/vegetables among participants increased by 2 servings/day (3.0 to 5.0) and over two-thirds of participants (69%) increased their fruit/vegetable consumption by at least 1/2 a serving. The median consumption of whole grains increased by 1 serving/day (1.0 to 2.0) and half (48%) of participants increased their whole grain consumption by at least 1 serving. Forty-five percent of participants (n=87) increased their percentage of eaten meals prepared at home each week. Conclusions: The use of industry and non-profit partnerships in a community engagement format can be an effective way to facilitate programs focused on increasing consumer trust for shopping and cooking, to build confidence of new skills, and to empower individuals to improve their health and potentially the health of their family. These results suggest that this community engagement partnership approach can positively transform health in communities and drive the American Heart Association's goal of improving Americans' health by 20% by 2020.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Behaviours regarding food",1,28,2,null,2,null,1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1436,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1436,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1436,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Stefan, P., Louise, M., Donna, J. and Kathryn, L.",2017,"Planning the integration of stroke services in an urban setting","Introduction: Integrating health care services across regions to improve patient outcomes and experience is a complex process. The literature is clear that receiving stroke care on a designated stroke unit produces improved patient outcomes and improves staff expertise. St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (SJHH) and Hamilton Health Sciences (HHS), along with the Central South Regional Stroke Network undertook the challenge of developing an integrated model of stroke care for the city of Hamilton. This integration required the transfer of stroke patients, funds and resources from SJHH to HHS. Initial efforts and discussions in 2013 focused on best practice implementation and model development provided the groundwork for the current integration planning. Key learning objective: share the integration process and lessons learned to inform integrations in other regions. Including; use of data, guiding principles, patient/family engagement and patient flow pathways. Methods: Integration Process Structure: Volumes and Definition Subcommittee: define patient population Finance Planning Subcommittee: determine a fair and transparent transfer of funds People Planning Subcommittee: analyse impact to Human Resources Communication Planning Subcommittee: develop and disseminate messages to stakeholders Processes Subcommittee: develop patient flow pathway. Results: Outcomes of developing a clear decision making structure. Development of guiding principles to inform the integration process. Balancing interests of both organizations to ensure a fair and transparent transfer of resources. Engaging patients, LHIN and Regional Stroke Network. Conclusion: The Integrated model of Stroke Care across Hamilton is a demonstration of two organizations collaborating and working symbiotically to achieve access to best practice stroke care for improved patient outcomes.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Health and care integration",2,46,2,null,3,null,2,0,0,"Hamilton",86,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1437,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hamilton"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1437,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaHamilton",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1437,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Hackett, D., Kilfoyle, D., Snow, B., Thorburn, A., Brew, S. and Barber, P. A.",2017,"The Auckland region hyperacute stroke service (Planning for delivery)","Background: Access to around-the-clock hyperacute stroke assessment and treatment may vary depending on geographical location and local hospital services. Alteplase treatment rates and other stroke care measures vary between these hospitals. The Northern Region Stroke Network recommended that the after-hours provision of hyperacute stroke care be centralised at Auckland City Hospital (ACH), which is where the region's neurology, neurosurgery and neurointerventional radiology departments are based. The multi-disciplinary ACH hyperacute stroke working group was formed and tasked with developing a regional acute stroke care pathway. Methods: Development of a hyperacute stroke working group included emergency physicians, neurologists, neuroradiologists, nurses and managers involved in hyperacute stroke care. Project methodology was used to help identify the specific workstreams and to monitor project progress. The working group meet bi-weekly. The hyperacute stroke working group report to the ADHB Stroke Steering group to present performance and issues with project implementation. Results: The project has 16 workstreams across the hyperacute stroke pathway that impact on pre hospital care to discharge back to home District Health Board. A go live date was set and then each workstream identified a package of work. The hyperacute stroke working group also monitors progress and identifies risks and issues to the go live date. Conclusions: We have developed a hyperacute stroke group which is multi-disciplinary and have used project methodology to identify specific workstreams to enable project delivery. Collaborative working between management and clinicians has led to a cohesive working group that is leading together a fundamental change to care delivery.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Stroke services",2,19,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Auckland",9,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1438,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"auckland"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1438,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"New Zealand"},"New Zealandauckland",40,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1438,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},0]
["Wesseldine, A.",2017,"A State10 times larger than New Zealand!: Embedding a successful stroke model of care into Western Australia","Background: Western Australia is Australia's largest state and home to the most remote capital city in the world. Embedding a patient-centred stroke service here based on the recommendations of the West Australian Stroke Model of Care 2012 has required great co-ordination, communication and dedication from a range of health care providers and organisations over the past three years. Methods: Utilising Tele-medicine we have created and supported three defined regional-metro stroke pathways that place the stroke patient at the centre of the conversation between the rural health care provider and an expert clinician in Perth, and then instituted around this the West Australian Stroke ECR strategy released in 2016. One of the three pillars of the project has been the creation of a state owned and supported stroke data set that will enable all stroke providers timely and clear information about how their service is progressing. Results: In November 2016 the stroke pathways enabled the successful retrieval of an acute stroke patient from a rural hospital 270 kilometres from Perth for ECR, many have followed. The creation of a WA Stroke Clinical Advisory Group (SCAG) has allowed for the timely sharing of information between all groups involved in the care of our stroke patients, particularly our acute care/transport providers (Royal Flying Doctors and St Johns Ambulance) and continued service improvement. Conclusion: This project shows that the tyranny of distance need not affect the standard of care we wish for our stroke patients in the future, just the manner in which we deliver it.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Stroke model",2,19,2,null,4,null,3,0,0,"Perth",240,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1439,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Perth"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1439,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"australia"},"australiaPerth",9,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1439,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},0]
["Galiatsatos, P., Koehl, R., Kineza, C., Brigham, E., Rand, C. S., McCormack, M. C. and Hansel, N. N.",2017,"Neighborhood characteristics and health outcomes: evaluating the association between socioeconomic status, Tobacco store density, and mortality in Baltimore City","Introduction: Several studies suggest that the health of an individual is influenced by the socioeconomic status (SES) of the community in which he or she lives. When considering relationships between SES and health outcomes, evaluation of factors that co-localize with neighborhood SES is critical. We sought to determine whether community income levels are associated with tobacco store density and life expectancy. Methods: We reviewed the 2011 Neighborhood Health Profile Reports of Baltimore City, which provided data for 55 communities. Summary statistics for household income, tobacco store density (defined as the mean number of tobacco outlets per 10000 persons per census tract), and life expectancy are expressed as median (interquartile range). We dichotomized communities at the median household income, comparing outcomes of interest within the two income categories by Mann Whitney U test. Correlations between continuous variables were calculated using Spearmen correlation coefficient (r). Results: Of the 55 neighborhoods, the collective median household income was $36,362 (30,229-47,745). Median tobacco store density was 22.5 (11.3-39.0) per 10,000 persons, and median life expectancy was 71.9 (68.2-74.3) years. Lower versus higher household income neighborhoods had higher tobacco store density (30.5 (19.7-44.9) versus 16.5 (9.1-27.2) respectively, p=0.01) (figure 1) . Further, there was a moderate negative correlation between median household income and tobacco outlet density (r = -0.43, p < 0.001). Neighborhoods with lower median household income also had lower life expectancy (68.5 (65.2-71.7) versus 74.9 (72.2-76.5) respectively, p=0.01). There was a strong correlation between median neighborhood household income and life expectancy (r=0.79, p<0.001). There was also a negative correlation between tobacco outlet density and life expectancy (r = -0.62, p<0.001). Conclusion: We demonstrate associations between neighborhood household income and tobacco store density, indicating that poorer neighborhoods in Baltimore City have greater accessibility to tobacco products. The additional association between tobacco store density and lower life expectancy warrants attention, and may represent an opportunity for positive change and reduction in health disparities between neighborhoods.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1440,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1440,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,0]
["Li, Y., Wang, Z., Chen, Y. and Liu, K.",2017,"Effects of pharmacist-led community diabetic care using a digital solution in china: A retrospective analysis of large, real-world samples","Objective: To identify the effects of diabetes management using a digital solution by retail pharmacists for diabetic patients in a retrospective, observational analysis. Methods: We developed a digital healthcare solution that includes Bluetooth- enabled glucose meter, a mobile App, and a cloud database with 5 different algorithms for diabetic care support. This solution was commercialized and deployed in 1,146 retail pharmacies of 165 brands in 94 cities in China to help pharmacists manage diabetic patients who were their pharmacy members. During Jun 6th 2015 to Nov 4th 2016, a total of 85,790 patients received in-store diabetic care and 3,653 of them were selected in this analysis following 4 inclusion criteria: 1) baseline fasting blood glucose (FBG) >= 7.0 mM or baseline random blood glucose (RBG) >= 7.8 mM, 2) the intervention duration between the first- and last-time diabetic care was >= 1 month, 3) the number of received diabetic care was >= 3 times, and 4) the baseline characteristics were complete. Among them, 1,657 received FBG tests, 2,286 had RBG tests and 290 had both. Results: FBG and RBG were reduced on average by 0.8 mM (baseline: 9.1 +/- 2.1 mM, last time: 8.3 +/- 2.2 mM, n=1,657, P< 0.001) and 1.5 mM (baseline: 11.3 +/- 3.4 mM, last time: 9.8 +/- 3.4 mM, n= 2,286, P<0.001), respectively. Disease staging was improved with 482 patients of the FBG population (29.1%) and 709 patients of the RBG population (31.0%) returning to normal. The predominant glycemic control effect occurred after the first-time intervention, and the BG level remained stable throughout the follow-up. Simulation analysis revealed linear descending relationship of both FBG and RBG to time, and the concentration distributions were moving towards the normal BG level. The linear fitting functions were: FBG, Y = -0.010x + 7.832; RBG, Y = -0.018x + 9.574. Conclusion: Digital healthcare solution is effective in assisting retail pharmacists to deliver community diabetic care in real world.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Diabetes",1,9,2,null,4,null,3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1441,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1441,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1441,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Trude, A., Steeves, E. A., Shipley, C., Sato, P. M., Lachenmayr, L. and Gittelsohn, J.",2017,"Impact of a multi-level multi-component food environment/behavioral intervention on youth leaders","Introduction: Peer-led interventions may be an effective means of addressing the childhood obesity epidemic, particularly as part of multi-level interventions. Thus, we aimed to expand and sustain the youth-leader program for the second wave of the B'more Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) trial using a combined policy, systems and environmental (PSE) approach. Methods: Our PSE approach targeted children (10<sup>-14</sup> years old); and BHCK youthleaders (n=14) in low-income, predominately African American neighborhoods in Baltimore City. The youth-leaders delivered nutrition education in recreation centers, community corner stores and carryouts, acted as spokesperson in BHCK social media, and implemented environmental changes at food stores and recreation centers to improve healthy food access. Nutrition interactive sessions (n=98) were evaluated through multiple process measures to ensure adequate reach, dose delivered, fidelity, selected impact measures to plan (quality), and reproducibility for sustainability of the youth-leader programing. Youth-leader skills, dietary intake, and shopping behaviors were measured at pre- and postintervention and compared to a similar-age sample of youth who were not selected to deliver the program thus assigned to the comparison group. A difference-in-difference analysis assessed the impact of the program on BHCK youth-leaders and their counterparts (n=14 intervention, 11 comparison) on frequency of purchasing of specific promoted foods, overall energy intake, fat intake and other indicators of dietary quality (FV servings), and Body Mass Index. Difference-in-difference analysis was also conducted to determine the impact of the intervention on dietary factors of a subsample of child participants (n=93) receiving the intervention. Results: The wave 2 BHCK youth-leader program was delivered with moderate to high reach, dose, and moderate fidelity. An average of 9.5 children (10<sup>-14</sup> years old) participated in each nutrition session. Overall, we distributed 1018 handouts and 312 recipe cards. We conducted 98 nutrition sessions and distributed 1080 giveaways. We observed significant improvements in outcome expectancies and leadership skills in the most highly involved youth leaders (p<0.05). Analysis of available data indicated that children receiving the intervention from the youthleaders showed a trend in decreased total calorie intake and dietary fat compared to comparison, although not statistically significant. Conclusions: The wave-2 youth-leader program was successfully implemented in low-income areas of Baltimore. Youth-leaders appeared to benefit as part of multi-level programs, with improved psychosocial factors and leadership skills. Sustainability of such complex programs remains a challenge that must be addressed through strong partnerships established at the beginning of PSE projects.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Childhood obesity",1,1,2,null,1,null,1,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1442,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1442,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1442,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Hung, C. C., Huang, W. C., Chiang, C. H., Kuo, F. Y., Cheng, C. C., Mar, G. Y., Liou, Y. J., Wang, H. H., Yan, L. S. and Liu, C. P.",2017,"A 4-year city based multicenter trial to improve the ratio of ambulance use in patients after ST elevation myocardial infarction","BACKGROUND Ambulance plays an important role in early recognition and treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Ambulance transfer has several advantages, including experienced ambulance technicians, use of an automated external defibrillator and pre-hospital electrocardiogram . However, previous studies showed that the patients with STEMI symptoms often fail to call an ambulance as recommended. This 4-year study aimed to improve the ratio of ambulance use of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Kaohsiung city, Taiwan. METHODS A multidisciplinary team among Kaohsiung Veterans General hospital, fire bureau and department of health, Kaohsiung city government was organized since October 2012. All patients with STEMI in Kaohsiung city were enrolled from January 2012 to December 2015. The ratio of ambulance use is defined as STEMI patients received ambulance transfer in Kaohsiung city. Th e key interventions include establishing STEMI mnemonic phrase, filming STEMI advertisement video, using internet, broadcast and television media and press conference, producing promotional materials and STEMI promotional activities. A P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The total 3,802 STEMI patients were enrolled in this study. These patients were divided into pre-interventional phase (N=972, January to December 2012), interventional phase(N=979, January to December 2013) and post-interventional phase (N=1,928, January 2014 to December 2015). The ratio of ambulance use of patients with STEMI increased from 12% in pre-interventional phase to 13% in interventional phase and further to 19% in post-interventional phase (p<0.05). CONCLUSION This 4-year city based multicenter trial demonstrates continuous quality improvement method can improve the ratio of ambulance use of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Kaohsiung city, Taiwan.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","STEMI",2,18,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Kaosiung City",291,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1443,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kaohsiung"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1443,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"taiwan"},"taiwanKaohsiung",55,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1443,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Young, J. and Snowden, A.",2017,"'It's my safety net'-a mixed-methods exploration into the impact of a communitybased supportive service for people affected by cancer","Background: 'Improving the Cancer Journey' (ICJ) is a community-based cancer service in Glasgow, Scotland. It writes to those with a confirmed diagnosis and offers a holistic needs assessment (HNA). There is no other service like this in the UK. Aims: The aim was to understand how ICJ impacts upon people affected by cancer. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used. A questionnaire containing measures of quality of life, social support and patient activation was sent to a random sample of people who had used the service (n =500) and to a control sample (n = 500) who were individuals who were offered ICJ but did not take it up. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the demographic, clinical and HNA profile of everyone who has used the service (n = 1800) since its inception. Semi-structured interviews were also carried out with a sample of participants (n =10) who had used the service. Results: The control group had significantly higher social support, patient activation and health status than those who had used the service (p<0.001). Further, they lived in the least-deprived areas within the city. Interviews highlighted the importance of receiving support for concerns that are not appropriately addressed in health setting such as financial issues. Conclusion: Those who have high need are choosing to engage with the service. This proactive approach to support is therefore a useful way of engaging with more vulnerable groups of individuals. Client feedback has been positive demonstrating the importance of personalised and well-timed support that is integrated across health and social care.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Cancer",2,22,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Glasgow",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1444,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1444,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",50,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1444,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},2]
["Damian, A. J., Mendelson, T., Bowie, J. and Gallo, J. J.",2018,"A Mixed Methods Exploratory Assessment of the Usefulness of Baltimore City Health Department's Trauma-Informed Care Training Intervention","Youth exposure to trauma is a significant public health problem in the United States, particularly in urban areas. Although trauma-informed care (TIC) training of service providers to address this challenge is increasing nationwide, we lack empirical evidence regarding the feasibility and acceptability of cross-organizational TIC training, including perspectives of training participants. The purpose of our study was to evaluate participating service providers' self-reported changes in knowledge about trauma, attitudes toward traumatized individuals, and beliefs in their capacity to provide referrals to trauma services after completion of the TIC intervention. Intervention participants represented a range of service sectors, including government health and education agencies, social services, law enforcement, as well as nonprofits. Participants completed a pre-post quantitative survey assessing TIC-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (N = 88). A subset of participants was interviewed using a semistructured interview format (n = 16). Mixed methods were used to evaluate the intervention's impact on participants' knowledge about trauma and to understand participants' experience in the training. Quantitative results revealed significant improvements in TIC-related knowledge and attitudes. Five themes emerged from qualitative analysis of interviews: the intervention provided a framework for understanding TIC; useful lessons were learned from other participants; there was a need for outreach to upper-level management; real-life applicability was lacking; and guidance regarding next steps was wanting. Study findings suggest the training may be a starting point for enhancing service providers' capacity to address traumatized youth. Copyright © 2018 Canadian Psychological Association.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Youth trauma",1,44,2,null,1,null,2,0,0,"Baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1445,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1445,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1445,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Pharis, M. L., Colby, L., Wagner, A. and Mallya, G.",2018,"Sales of healthy snacks and beverages following the implementation of healthy vending standards in City of Philadelphia vending machines","OBJECTIVE: We examined outcomes following the implementation of employer-wide vending standards, designed to increase healthy snack and beverage options, on the proportion of healthy v. less healthy sales, sales volume and revenue for snack and beverage vending machines. DESIGN: A single-arm evaluation of a policy utilizing monthly sales volume and revenue data provided by the contracted vendor during baseline, machine conversion and post-conversion time periods. Study time periods are full calendar years unless otherwise noted. SETTING: Property owned or leased by the City of Philadelphia, USA. SUBJECTS: Approximately 250 vending machines over a 4-year period (2010-2013). RESULT(S): At post-conversion, the proportion of sales attributable to healthy items was 40 % for snacks and 46 % for beverages. Healthy snack sales were 323 % higher (38.4 to 162.5 items sold per machine per month) and total snack sales were 17 % lower (486.8 to 402.1 items sold per machine per month). Healthy beverage sales were 33 % higher (68.2 to 90.6 items sold per machine per month) and there was no significant change in total beverage sales (213.2 to 209.6 items sold per machine per month). Revenue was 11 % lower for snacks ($US 468.30 to $US 415.70 per machine per month) and 21 % lower for beverages ($US 344.00 to $US 270.70 per machine per month). CONCLUSION(S): Sales of healthy vending items were significantly higher following the implementation of employer-wide vending standards for snack and beverage vending machines. Entities receiving revenue-based commission payments from vending machines should employ strategies to minimize potential revenue losses.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"changed vending machines in govn buildings",2,"health dept",5,0,0,"philedelphia",162,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1446,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Philadelphia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1446,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaPhiladelphia",1,1,1]
["Lim, S., Singh, T. P., Hall, G., Walters, S. and Gould, L. H.",2018,"Impact of a New York City Supportive Housing Program on Housing Stability and Preventable Health Care among Homeless Families","Objective: To assess the impact of a New York City supportive housing program on housing stability and preventable emergency department (ED) visits/hospitalizations among heads of homeless families with mental and physical health conditions or substance use disorders. Data Sources: Multiple administrative data from New York City and New York State for 966 heads of families eligible for the program during 2007-12. Study Design: We captured housing events and health care service utilization during 2 years prior to the first program eligibility date (baseline) and 2 years postbaseline. We performed sequence analysis to measure housing stability and compared housing stability and preventable ED visits and hospitalizations between program participants (treatment group) and eligible applicants not placed in the program (comparison group) via marginal structural modeling. Data Collection/Extraction Methods: We matched electronically collected data. Principal Findings: Eighty-seven percent of supportive housing tenants experienced housing stability in 2 years postbaseline. Compared with unstably housed heads of families in the comparison group, those in the treatment group were 0.60 times as likely to make preventable ED visits postbaseline (95% CI = 0.38, 0.96). Conclusion(s): Supportive housing placement was associated with improved housing stability and reduced preventable health care visits among homeless families. Copyright © Health Research and Educational Trust","y",null,null,"Journal Article","homeless health",1,0,2,"housing impact on health and healthcare usuage",2,null,1,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1447,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1447,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Rostami, M., Tehrani, F. R., Simbar, M., Yarandi, R. B., Minooee, S., Hollis, B. W. and Hosseinpanah, F.",2018,"Effectiveness of prenatal Vitamin D deficiency screening and treatment program: A stratified randomized field trial","Context: Despite evidence on the association between hypovitaminosis D and adverse pregnancy outcomes and the positive impact of vitamin D supplementation, no evidence exists supporting a universal screening program in pregnancy as part of routine prenatal care. Objective(s): We sought to determine the effectiveness of a prenatal screening program on optimizing 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and preventing pregnancy complications. Also, to identify a safe regimen, we compared several regimens in a subgroup of vitamin D-deficient pregnant women. Design(s): Two cities of Masjed-Soleyman and Shushtar from Khuzestan province, Iran, were selected as the screening and nonscreening arms, respectively. Within the screening arm, a randomized controlled trial was conducted on 800 pregnant women. Setting(s): Health centers of Masjed-Soleyman and Shushtar cities. Patients or Participants: Pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years. Intervention(s): Women with moderate [25(OH)D, 10 to 20 ng/mL] and severe [25(OH)D,,10 ng/mL] deficiency were randomly divided into four subgroups and received vitamin D<inf>3</inf> (D3) until delivery. Main Outcome Measure(s): Maternal concentration of 25(OH)D at delivery and rate of pregnancy complications Results: After supplementation, only 2% of the women in the nonscreening site met the sufficiency level (.20 ng/mL) vs 53% of the women in the screening site. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and preterm delivery, were decreased by 60%, 50%, and 40%, respectively, in the screening site. A D3 injection in addition to monthly 50,000 IU maintenance therapy contributed the most to achievement of sufficient levels at delivery. Conclusion(s): A prenatal vitamin D screening and treatment program is an effective approach in detecting deficient women, improving 25(OH)D levels, and decreasing pregnancy adverse outcomes. Copyright © 2018 Endocrine Society.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","screening",2,38,2,"screening of pregnatn women",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Two cities of Masjed-Soleyman and Shushtar from Khuzestan province",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1448,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1448,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",33,4,2]
["Jones, T., Ho, L., Kun, K. K., Milsom, P., Shakpeh, J., Ratnayake, R. and Loewenson, R.",2018,"Rebuilding people-centred maternal health services in post-Ebola Liberia through participatory action research","During the March 2014-January 2016 Ebola crisis in Liberia, Redemption Hospital lost 12 staff and became a holding facility for suspected cases, prompting violent hostility from the surrounding New Kru Town community, in the capital city Monrovia. Inpatient services were closed for 6 months, leaving the population without maternity care. In January 2015, Redemption reopened, but utilization was low, especially for deliveries. A key barrier was community trust in health workers which worsened during the epidemic. The New Kru Town council, Redemption Hospital, the International Rescue Committee, and Training and Research Support Centre initiated participatory action research (PAR) in July 2015 to build communication between stakeholder groups, and to identify impacts of the epidemic and shared actions to improve the system. The PAR involved pregnant women, community-based trained traditional midwives (TTMs) and traditional birth attendants (TBAs), and community leaders, as well as health workers. Qualitative data and a pre-post survey of PAR participants and community members assessed changes in relationships and maternal health services. The results indicated that Ebola worsened community-hospital relations and pre-existing weaknesses in services, but also provided an opportunity to address these when rebuilding the system through shared action. Findings suggest that PAR generated evidence and improved communication and community and health worker interaction. Copyright © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","maternal Health",2,37,2,null,1,null,2,0,0,"Monrovia",303,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1449,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Monrovia"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1449,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Liberia"},"LiberiaMonrovia",75,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1449,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":6},1]
["Lafort, Y., Greener, L., Lessitala, F., Chabeda, S., Greener, R., Beksinska, M., Gichangi, P., Griffin, S., Smit, J. A., Chersich, M. and Delva, W.",2018,"Effect of a 'diagonal' intervention on uptake of HIV and reproductive health services by female sex workers in three sub-Saharan African cities","Objectives: To enhance uptake of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services by female sex workers (FSWs), we conducted an implementation study in which we piloted and tested context-specific 'diagonal' interventions, combining vertical, targeted interventions with horizontally improved access to the general health services, in three cities in sub-Saharan Africa. Method(s): We collected indicators of SRH service uptake through face-to-face interviews with approximately 400 FSWs, pre- and post-intervention, in Durban, South Africa; Tete, Mozambique; and Mombasa, Kenya, recruited by respondent-driven sampling. Changes in uptake were tested for their statistical significance using multivariate logistic regression models. Result(s): In all cities, overall uptake of services increased. Having used all services for contraception, STI care, HIV testing, HIV care, cervical cancer screening and sexual violence, if needed, increased from 12.5% to 41.5% in Durban, 25.0% to 40.1% in Tete and 44.9% to 69.1% in Mombasa. Across cities, the effect was greatest in having been tested for HIV in the past six months which increased from 40.9% to 83.2% in Durban, 56.0% to 76.6% in Tete and 70.9% to 87.6% in Mombasa. In Tete and Mombasa, rise in SRH service use was almost entirely due to a greater uptake of targeted services. Only in Durban was there additionally an increase in the utilisation of general health services. Conclusion(s): SRH service utilisation improved in the short-term in three different sub-Saharan African contexts, primarily through vertical, targeted components. The long-term effectiveness of diagonal approaches, in particular on the use of general, horizontal health services, needs further investigation. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,null,3,null,3,0,0,"3 african cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1450,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1450,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,6,1]
["Chojenta, C., Mingay, E., Gresham, E. and Byles, J.",2018,"Cooking for One or Two: Applying Participatory Action Research to improve community-dwelling older adults' health and well-being","ISSUE ADDRESSED: This paper describes the process of the redevelopment and expansion of Cooking for One or Two, a community-based nutrition education program for older adults. METHOD(S): This project took place in a large regional city in NSW Australia from September 2011 to September 2013. Previous Cooking for One or Two participants and Hunter Medical Research Institute Research Register members were recruited for focus groups (n = 37), recipe testing (n = 19) and telephone interviews (n = 55) to aid in the development and expansion of the program. RESULT(S): Participant's experiences and preferences informed the development of a supplementary cookbook and add-on education modules. Through a variety of methods, the research team sought ongoing feedback on the content and direction of the program. Content experts also reviewed the health promotion information for appropriateness. CONCLUSION(S): Utilising the Participatory Action Research process resulted in an expanded set of materials for Cooking for One or Two that can enable older people to engage in peer-to-peer education and to take care of their nutritional and social health. The process is a valuable example of the success of ongoing collaboration between researchers and program developers with the target population. SO WHAT?: While the research team developed evidence-based content for the expanded program, the key to success was the continued engagement with the target population. This engagement fostered a sense of ownership over the program by participants and has led to continued support by the target population. Copyright © 2018 Australian Health Promotion Association.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Nutrition",1,28,2,null,1,null,8,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1451,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1451,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",9,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1451,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},0]
["Lee, B. Y., Ferguson, M. C., Hertenstein, D. L., Adam, A., Zenkov, E., Wang, P. I., Wong, M. S., Gittelsohn, J., Mui, Y. and Brown, S. T.",2018,"Simulating the Impact of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Warning Labels in Three Cities","Introduction A number of locations have been considering sugar-sweetened beverage point-of-purchase warning label policies to help address rising adolescent overweight and obesity prevalence. Methods To explore the impact of such policies, in 2016 detailed agent-based models of Baltimore, Philadelphia, and San Francisco were developed, representing their populations, school locations, and food sources, using data from various sources collected between 2005 and 2014. The model simulated, over a 7-year period, the mean change in BMI and obesity prevalence in each of the cities from sugar-sweetened beverage warning label policies. Results Data analysis conducted between 2016 and 2017 found that implementing sugar-sweetened beverage warning labels at all sugar-sweetened beverage retailers lowered obesity prevalence among adolescents in all three cities. Point-of-purchase labels with 8% efficacy (i.e., labels reducing probability of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption by 8%) resulted in the following percentage changes in obesity prevalence: Baltimore: -1.69% (95% CI= -2.75%, -0.97%, p<0.001); San Francisco: -4.08% (95% CI= -5.96%, -2.2%, p<0.001); Philadelphia: -2.17% (95% CI= -3.07%, -1.42%, p<0.001). Conclusions Agent-based simulations showed how warning labels may decrease overweight and obesity prevalence in a variety of circumstances with label efficacy and literacy rate identified as potential drivers. Implementing a warning label policy may lead to a reduction in obesity prevalence. Focusing on warning label design and store compliance, especially at supermarkets, may further increase the health impact. Copyright © 2018 American Journal of Preventive Medicine","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"food labelling",1,1,1,0,0,"3 cities in USA",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1452,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1452,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Courtin, E., Muennig, P., Verma, N., Riccio, J. A., Lagarde, M., Vineis, P., Kawachi, I. and Avendano, M.",2018,"Conditional cash transfers and health of low-income families in the US: Evaluating the family rewards experiment","Opportunity NYC-Family Rewards was the first conditional cash transfer, randomized controlled trial for low-income families in the United States. From 2007 to 2010, Family Rewards offered 2,377 New York City families cash transfers that were conditional upon their investments in education, preventive health care, and parental employment. Their health and other outcomes were compared to those of a control group of 2,372 families. The experiment led to a modest improvement in health insurance coverage and a large increase in the use of preventive dental care. It improved parents' perception of their own health and levels of hope, mainly through improvements in reported financial well-being. While the program's impacts on physical health were weaker, our study might not have captured effects on chronic disease risk that take longer to accrue. In the context of New York City's operating social-safety-net programs, conditional cash transfers may have led to positive, albeit modest, improvements in the health of poor families. Copyright © 2018 Project HOPE- The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Health in low income families ",1,0,2,null,2,null,6,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1453,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1453,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1453,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Daly, J. M., Calderon, R., Hoffman-Zinnel, D. J., Wynohrad, L. A., Powers, B. N., Mohr, T. L. and Levy, B. T.",2018,"Strategies used and lessons learned by community assistants in organising regional forums for cancer education in Iowa, USA","Cancer prevention efforts at the community level are essential in the fight against cancer. Understanding community dynamics provides insights into building meaningful relationships between researchers and community organizations. In this study, community assistants were hired to organize and host forums to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration, with the goal of strengthening and transforming relationships between a university academic health center and communities. A 19-item questionnaire was developed to determine the strategies community assistants used to schedule and host community forums. Community assistants completed the questionnaire and were interviewed. Community assistants successfully scheduled and hosted 113 forums in 49 cities throughout the state of Iowa, with 2,209 persons attending. Strategies used included cold calls, using contact lists from the Iowa Cancer Consortium membership list, and contacts from business associates. Additionally, electronic and social media were used to arrange and advertise scheduled forums. The various strategies used and lessons learned by the community assistants proved successful in organizing and hosting forums throughout the state of Iowa, which reached 40 of Iowa's 99 counties. The efforts of the community assistants, the Iowa Cancer Consortium, and the Iowa Research Network, laid the foundation for continued cancer research and education collaboration between researchers and community organizations. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Cancer ",1,22,2,null,1,null,2,0,0,"Various in Iowa",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1454,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1454,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1454,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Li, Y., Chen, Y., Li, D., Wang, Z., Zhang, H. and Liu, K.",2018,"A pharmacy-based software as a service (SAAS) approach improved medication adherence of hypertensive patients","Objective: To enhance medication adherence of hypertensive patients by connecting them to a cloud healthcare knowledge platform which was synchronized to the pharmacy Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. Method(s): A cloud engine was developed to house a continuously growing knowledge database of 6,000 drugs. This database consisted of 5 different categories of text messages to provide educational materials for each drug's 1) indication and dosage, 2) precautions and side effects, 3) relevant disease information, 4) relevant lab test interpretation, and 5) medication reminders. This cloud solution was offered as SaaS by connecting to pharmacies' ERP, thus to identify the patients each time when they filled prescriptions within the drug store, triggering auto-sent text messages at dosage-adjusted intervals to the patients. During the past 12 months, 18,362 patients at 937 pharmacies in 13 cities in China received this intervention and medication adherence was measured by Proportion of Days Covered (PDC). Result(s): The study population demonstrated an improved overall PDC from 51.4% at baseline to 61.7% at last time, P<0.001. We further analyzed PDC changes by medications of use and intervention durations (Table 1 A&B), and found a cross-board enhancement of PDC even though a gradual reducing trend of PDC seemed to appear over time. Conclusion(s): The pharmacy SaaS offered an efficient way to auto-deliver text knowledge tailored to each prescription, leading to increased medication adherence of hypertensive patients.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","hypertension",2,17,2,"digital",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"13 cities in china",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1455,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1455,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,4,0]
["de Melo, M. D. C. B., Nunes, M. V., Resende, R. F., Figueiredo, R. R., Ruas, S. S. M., Dos Santos, A. F., Alves, H. J. and de Aguiar, R. A. T.",2018,"Belo Horizonte Telehealth: Incorporation of Teleconsultations in a Health Primary Care System","INTRODUCTION: The Belo Horizonte Telehealth program, a pioneer in telemedicine within the Brazilian National Health System (Sistema Unico de Sauude in Portuguese), was implemented by the Belo Horizonte City Health Department (SMSA-BH) in 2004. The purpose of the present study is to analyze opinions on the obstacles, difficulties, and suggestions on the use of teleconsultations. METHOD(S): Semi-structured interviews were conducted among primary healthcare professionals and health managers. Content analysis for the latter was carried out using NVIVO software to categorize responses. Simple descriptive quantitative aspects were analyzed to verify the use of the system over the years by the primary care unit (PCU) professionals. RESULT(S): The difficulties encountered were related to the use of the system, inadequate response to teleconsultation requests, infrastructure problems, lack of practicality for the use of the program, difficulty in incorporating the program into the organizational culture, and lack of managerial support. Changes in management organization over the years have interfered with the use of the teleconsultation system. The most requested specialties were neurology, cardiology, endocrinology, and angiology. DISCUSSION: The main suggestions for increasing the number of teleconsultations requests included dissemination of information and prioritization by the management; improvement of the infrastructure; organization of the time and the agenda of the PCU professional; training the professionals for its use; and preconditioning the referrals to secondary level care to a previous teleconsultation. CONCLUSION(S): Teleconsultations need to be incorporated in the daily routine of PCUs by both managers and health professionals to assure its usage and improve the quality of care.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Telemedicine",2,39,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Belo Horizonte",16,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1456,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Belo Horizonte"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1456,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilBelo Horizonte",14,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1456,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},0]
["Min, J., Tan, Z., Abadie, L., Townsend, S., Xue, H. and Wang, Y.",2018,"An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mission-X Child Health Promotion Program in the United States","PURPOSE: To examine the effects of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mission-X: Train Like an Astronaut program (MX) on children's health-related knowledge and behaviors of a sample of US participants. DESIGN: A nonexperimental pilot intervention study in 5 cities with a pre-post comparison of children's health-related knowledge and behaviors in the United States in 2014 and 2015. SAMPLE: Children (n = 409) with a mean age (standard deviation) of 10.1 (1.7) years. MEASURES: Children answered pre- and postintervention questionnaires. We measured the differences in children's health knowledge on nutrition and physical fitness and behaviors on diet and physical activity as scores. INTERVENTION: A 6-week web- and school-based intervention for a healthier lifestyle by introducing physical fitness and science activities based on actual astronaut training under a teacher's supervision. ANALYSIS: Nonparametric analysis and logistic regression models. RESULT(S): Participants significantly improved both of their health behaviors on physical activity ( P < .001) and diet ( P = .06) and their health knowledge regarding nutrition ( P < .001) and physical fitness ( P < .001) after the intervention. The improvement in children's behaviors ( P < .001), knowledge ( P < .001), and the total score ( P < .001) after intervention did not significantly vary by sex or age, after adjusting for year of participation and state of residency. DISCUSSION: The MX seems effective in improving health behaviors and health knowledge of participating children, which may serve as a model for sustainable global child health promotion program. Further research is needed to test its long-term effects on child health.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","child health",1,37,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1457,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1457,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Kahriman, I. L. and Karadeniz, H.",2018,"Effects of a Safety-Awareness-Promoting Program Targeting Mothers of Children Aged 0-6 Years to Prevent Pediatric Injuries in the Home Environment: Implications for Nurses","Pediatric injuries pose a significant problem, both in Turkey and worldwide, because they lead to death or disability in a number of children each year. This quasi-experimental study aimed to identify the effects of the training provided to mothers with children aged 0-6 years about the hazards that lead to pediatric injuries. The population of the research comprised mothers with children aged 0-6 years, living in the city center. Considering the educational and socioeconomic levels of the individuals registered in the family health centers (FHC), the FHCs were divided into 3 groups of high, moderate, and low socioeconomic level. Subsequently, 1 FHC was selected from each level using simple random sampling. The study was conducted with 300 volunteer mothers registered in these FHCs. The tools used for data collection included the \"0-6-year-old Children's Mothers' Identification Scale of Safety Precautions for the Prevention of Pediatric Injuries,\" the \"Risk Assessment Form for Pediatric Injuries\" (RAF), and a 33-item questionnaire. After the training on the prevention of pediatric injuries, the mothers' scores on the identification of safety precautions for pediatric injuries increased significantly (p = 000). In addition, there was a significant difference between the pre- and posttest scores of the mothers (p < .05) on all dimensions of the RAF (choking, burns, poisoning, sharp object injuries, and falling; all p values <.05). Thus, the training provided to mothers to prevent pediatric injuries was effective in improving the awareness of the mothers.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Paediatric injuries",1,44,2,null,1,null,1,0,0,0,0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1458,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1458,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",57,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1458,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},1]
["Ward, B. M., O'Sullivan, B. and Buykx, P.",2018,"Evaluation of a local government \"shelter and van\" intervention to improve safety and reduce alcohol-related harm","BACKGROUND: The entertainment precincts of cities, while contributing to local economies, need to be carefully managed to mitigate harms. Individual behaviours and government regulation have typically been the foci of interventions aimed at reducing alcohol-related harm. Little is known about how changes to the built environment might influence alcohol-related harms in these settings. The aim of this study was to explore how a public shelter and a volunteer-funded and staffed mobile van in a regional city influenced perceptions of safety and reduction in alcohol-related harm. METHOD(S): An intrinsic case-study approach was used. Document reviews, qualitative interviews with 16 key informants (volunteers, licensees, police, local business owners, patrons, community members and security guards), observation, and secondary data analysis were conducted in 2016. A conceptual framework of the causative pathways linking the drivers of alcohol consumption with social and health outcomes was used to inform the analysis. RESULT(S): The shelter and van were frequently utilised but there was no significant association with a reduction in the proportion of alcohol-related hospital emergency department presentations or police incident reports. Occupational health and safety risks were identified for the volunteers which had no management plan. CONCLUSION(S): The findings highlight the challenge faced by local governments/authorities wanting to provide community-based interventions to complement other evidence-based approaches to reduce alcohol-related harm. Local governments/authorities with restricted regulatory oversight need to collaborate with key agencies for targeted upstream and evidence-based alcohol prevention and management interventions before investing resources. Such approaches are critical for improving community safety as well as health and social outcomes in communities at greatest risk of alcohol-related harm.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","alcohol",1,13,2,"public shelter and van",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1459,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1459,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,1]
["Atkey, K., Elliott-Moyer, P., Freimanis, M. and Raine, K. D.",2018,"Stories of policy change: City of Hamilton's healthy food and beverage policy","SETTING: Municipal buildings and corporate events in the City of Hamilton, Ontario. INTERVENTION: In 2011, the City of Hamilton adopted a healthy food and beverage policy. The intent of the policy is to demonstrate the City's commitment to healthy eating by providing food and beverages that are healthy, safe, and free of industrially produced trans fats, and promoting a sustainable, local food system. The corporate policy applies to all City facilities, meetings and events. In this article, we explore adoption and implementation of the policy, as well as key lessons for healthy public policy change. OUTCOME(S): Integrating the policy into corporate culture and practice through the provision of ongoing supports and resources helped the City of Hamilton overcome barriers and achieve implementation success. IMPLICATIONS: Through exploration of the City of Hamilton's healthy food and beverage policy, we identified a number of lessons for policy change and implementation. When viewed in context, these lessons may help to support policy work in other Canadian jurisdictions.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Healthy food and beverage",1,28,2,null,2,null,1,0,0,"Hamilton",86,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1460,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hamilton"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1460,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaHamilton",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1460,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Wieland, M. L., Hanza, M. M. M., Weis, J. A., Meiers, S. J., Patten, C. A., Clark, M. M., Sloan, J. A., Novotny, P. J., Njeru, J. W., Abbenyi, A., Levine, J. A., Goodson, M., Capetillo, G. D. P., Osman, A., Hared, A., Nigon, J. A. and Sia, I. G.",2018,"Healthy Immigrant Families: Randomized Controlled Trial of a Family-Based Nutrition and Physical Activity Intervention","PURPOSE: To evaluate a healthy eating and physical activity intervention for immigrant families, derived through community-based participatory research. DESIGN: The Healthy Immigrant Families study was a randomized controlled trial with delayed intervention control group, with families as the randomization unit. SETTING: US Midwest city. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were recruited by community partners from Hispanic, Somali, and Sudanese immigrant communities. INTERVENTION: Family health promoters from participating communities delivered 6 healthy eating modules, 4 physical activity modules, and 2 modules synthesizing information in 12 home visits (60-90 minutes) within the first 6 months. Up to 12 follow-up phone calls to each participant occurred within the second 6 months. MEASURES: Primary measures were dietary quality measured with weekday 24-hour recall and reported as Healthy Eating Index score (0-100) and physical activity measured with accelerometers (14 wear days) at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. RESULT(S): In total, 151 persons (81 adolescents and 70 adults; 44 families) were randomly assigned. At 12 months, significant improvement occurred in Healthy Eating Index scores for adults in the intervention group compared with controls (change, +8.6 vs -4.4; P < .01) and persisted at 24 months (+7.4 from baseline; P < .01). No differences were observed for adolescents and no significant differences occurred between groups for physical activity. CONCLUSION(S): This intervention produced sustained dietary quality improvement among adults but not among adolescents. Program outcomes are relevant to communities working to decrease cardiovascular risk among immigrant populations.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet and exercise",1,28,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"US midwest city",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1461,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1461,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Allen, E. D., Arcoleo, K., Rowe, C. and Long, W. W.",2018,"Implementation of a \"real world\" School-Based Asthma Therapy program targeting urban children with poorly controlled asthma","Objective: Describe implementation and clinical impact of a \"real world\" School-Based Asthma Therapy (SBAT) Program serving an urban, largely Medicaid population in a large midwestern city in the United States. Method(s): A retrospective, descriptive evaluation of SBAT was conducted. Students were referred by school nurses or providers, enrolled throughout the year, and could reenroll in subsequent years. A total of 286 students participated in the 2015-2016 school year. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric testing compared Asthma Control TestTM (ACT) scores from enrollment (anytime between 2013 and 2015) to 2015-2016 for 198 students; and pre- and postenrollment asthma-related emergency department (ED), inpatient, and critical care (pediatric intensive care unit or PICU) utilization rates (events/student/year) for 98 students enrolled for a full year. Result(s): SBAT participation grew from 17 to 131 schools and from 38 to 268 students between 2013-2014 and 2015-2016. Mean ACT scores increased from 16.2 (SD = 4.89) to 21.37 (SD = 3.41) (K-W chi<sup>2</sup> = 35.45, p = 0.008). Healthcare utilization rates from 1-year preenrollment to 1-year postenrollment decreased for ED (0.91-0.44; K-W chi<sup>2</sup> = 18.61, p = 0.0002) and Inpatient (0.38-0.10; K-W chi<sup>2</sup> = 7.68, p = 0.02). Reduction in PICU (0.27-0.02) was not statistically significant. Conclusion(s): SBAT, modeled after programs shown in controlled trials to improve asthma health markers (1-3), was successfully implemented in economically challenged, urban schools. Rapid growth and patient reenrollment reflect program acceptance by schools, providers, and caregivers. Improved ACT scores and healthcare utilization supported program efficacy. SBAT could be one solution to improved asthma control in underserved school-aged pediatric patients. Copyright © 2017, © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","ASTHMA ",2,5,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1462,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1462,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1462,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},2]
["Chapman, R., Keall, M., Howden-Chapman, P., Grams, M., Witten, K., Randal, E. and Woodward, A.",2018,"A cost benefit analysis of an active travel intervention with health and carbon emission reduction benefits","Active travel (walking and cycling) is beneficial for people's health and has many co-benefits, such as reducing motor vehicle congestion and pollution in urban areas. There have been few robust evaluations of active travel, and very few studies have valued health and emissions outcomes. The ACTIVE before-and-after quasi-experimental study estimated the net benefits of health and other outcomes from New Zealand's Model Communities Programme using an empirical analysis comparing two intervention cities with two control cities. The Programme funded investment in cycle paths, other walking and cycling facilities, cycle parking, 'shared spaces', media campaigns and events, such as 'Share the Road', and cycle-skills training. Using the modified Integrated Transport and Health Impacts Model, the Programme's net economic benefits were estimated from the changes in use of active travel modes. Annual benefits for health in the intervention cities were estimated at 34.4 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and two lives saved due to reductions in cardiac disease, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory disease. Reductions in transport-related carbon emissions were also estimated and valued. Using a discount rate of 3.5%, the estimated benefit/cost ratio was 11:1 and was robust to sensitivity testing. It is concluded that when concerted investment is made in active travel in a city, there is likely to be a measurable, positive return on investment. Copyright © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Active travel ",1,10,2,null,2,null,1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1463,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1463,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",40,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1463,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},0]
["Aiello, E., Flecha, A. and Serradell, O.",2018,"Exploring the barriers: A qualitative study about the experiences of mid-SES Roma navigating the Spanish healthcare system","Whereas the topic of the 'cultural sensitivity' of healthcare systems has been addressed extensively in the US and the UK, literature on the subject in most European countries, specifically looking at the situation of Roma, is still scarce. Drawing on qualitative research conducted mainly in the city of Barcelona under the communicative approach with Roma subjects who have stable socioeconomic positions and higher cultural capitals (end-users, professionals of the healthcare system, and key informants of a regional policy oriented to the improvement of Roma living conditions), the present study aims to fill this gap. We explore the barriers that the Roma face in accessing the healthcare system, reflecting on how these barriers are accentuated by the existing anti-Roma prejudices and institutional arrangements that do not account for minority cultures. Our results point out a series of obstacles at two levels, in the interaction with healthcare professionals, and in relation to existing institutional arrangements, which prevent Roma families from having equal access to the healthcare system. Education stands up as a mechanism to contest anti-Roma sentiments among healthcare professionals. Copyright © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Cultural sensitivity ",2,0,2,null,0,null,7,0,0,"Barcelona",13,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1464,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Barcelona"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1464,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainBarcelona",4,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1464,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Cusack, C., Cohen, B., Mignone, J., Chartier, M. J. and Lutfiyya, Z.",2018,"Participatory action as a research method with public health nurses","AIM: This article explores and describes participatory action research (PAR) as a preferred method in addressing nursing practice issues. This is the first study that used PAR with public health nurses (PHNs) in Canada to develop a professional practice model. BACKGROUND: Participatory action research is a sub-category of action research that incorporates feminist and critical theory with foundations in the field of social psychology. For nurses, critical analysis of long-established beliefs and practices through PAR contributes to emancipatory knowledge regarding the impact of traditional hierarchies on their practice. DESIGN: This study used participatory action, a non-traditional but systematic research method, which assisted participants to develop a solution to a long-standing organizational issue. METHOD(S): The stages of generating concerns, participatory action, acting on concerns, reflection and evaluation were implemented from 2012 - 2013 in an urban Canadian city, to develop a professional practice model for PHNs. FINDINGS: Four sub-themes specific to PAR are discussed. These are \"participatory action research engaged PHNs in development of a professional practice model;\" \"the participatory action research cycles of \"Look, Think, Act\" expanded participants' views;\" \"participatory action research increased awareness of organizational barriers;\" and \"participatory action research promoted individual empowerment and system transformation.\" CONCLUSION(S): This study resulted in individual and system change that may not have been possible without the use of PAR. The focus was engagement of participants and recognition of their lived experience, which facilitated PHNs' empowerment, leadership and consciousness-raising. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Advanced Nursing Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Nursing practice",2,39,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"none stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1465,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1465,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1465,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Carrion, D., Victoria Lee, W. and Hernandez, D.",2018,"Residual inequity: Assessing the unintended consequences of new york city's clean heat transition","Energy policies and public health are intimately intertwined. In New York City, a series of policies, known as the Clean Heat Program (CHP), were designed to reduce air pollution by banning residual diesel fuel oils, #6 in 2015 and #4 by 2030. This measure is expected to yield environmental and public health benefits over time. While there is near-universal compliance with the #6 ban, a substantial number of buildings still use #4. In this paper, geographic analysis and qualitative interviews with stakeholders were used to interrogate the CHP's policy implementation in Northern Manhattan and the Bronx. A total of 1724 (53%) of all residential residual fuel burning buildings are located in this region. Stakeholders reflected mostly on the need for the program, and overall reactions to its execution. Major findings include that government partnerships with non-governmental organizations were effectively employed. However, weaknesses with the policy were also identified, including missed opportunities for more rapid transitions away from residual fuels, unsuccessful outreach efforts, cost-prohibitive conversion opportunities, and (the perception of) a volatile energy market for clean fuels. Ultimately, this analysis serves as a case study of a unique and innovative urban policy initiative to improve air quality and, consequently, public health. Copyright © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","n",null,null,"Journal Article","Air pollution ",1,16,2,null,2,null,1,null,0,"New York ",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1466,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1466,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,null,0]
["Zhang, Y., Loh, C., Louie, P. K. K., Liu, H. and Lau, A. K. H.",2018,"The roles of scientific research and stakeholder engagement for evidence-based policy formulation on shipping emissions control in Hong Kong","Shipping emissions control is critical to air quality management and improved public health for coastal port cities and regions with heavy marine traffic. However, Asian port cities have been slow in introducing regulations on marine fuels for two main reasons - firstly, due to a lack of information and therefore appreciation on the air quality and public health benefits that could be derived; and secondly, due to sensitivity as to whether there may be negative impacts on port competitiveness and trade opposition. Hong Kong, one of the top-ten international container ports in the world, has been proactive in reducing shipping emissions in the past decade. The Ocean Going Vessels Fuel at Berth regulation, enforced since July 2015 in Hong Kong, is the first marine fuel control regulation for ocean going vessels in Asia. This regulation has been adopted nationally by China for its coastal ports, followed by the establishment of domestic emission control areas in its coastal waters that will come into force in 2019. This paper describes the decade-long journey where scientific research led to evidence-based policy changes. New insights and understanding arising from the research enabled cross-sectoral engagement and dialogue among the key stakeholders in government, industry and civil society, which resulted in the political consensus needed for a change in policy and legislation. Similar evidence-based policy formulation, together with public-private sectors dialogue could be useful to other jurisdictions in pursuing a \"win-win\" path to improve environmental protection and public health through regulating shipping emissions. The same combination of science-to-engagement-to-policy approach could also become part of a knowledge-and-consensus-building process for other environmental policy areas as well. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"law on shipping fuel",2,"law",4,0,0,"hong kong",91,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1467,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hong Kong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1467,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHong Kong",20,4,0]
["Choi, S. O., Kim, S. N., Shin, S. H., Ryu, J. S., Baik, J. W., Kim, J. R. and Kim, N. H.",2018,"Evaluation of Outcomes of the Busan Community-based Palliative Care Project in Korea","Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of a community-based palliative care project conducted in Busan city, Korea, from 2013 to 2015. Method(s): We selected four outcome indices based on the project's outcomes derived from a logic model and used a longitudinal and cross-sectional comparative design approach depending on the outcome index. Result(s): The utilization rate of palliative care increased from 9.2% in 2012 to 41.9% in 2015. Regarding symptom changes in 65 patients receiving palliative care at 3 and 6 months (mean age = 72 years, standard deviation = 9.64, 55.4% women), pain, anxiety, and depression had improved. Quality of life was higher among palliative care patients compared with patients who did not receive palliative care (t = 2.09, p =.039). Regarding recognition of palliative care, civil servants at public health centers who participated in the pilot project (2013-2014) scored higher than those at public health centers who began participation in 2015 (t = 2.67, p =.008). Conclusion(s): This is the first study in Korea that systematically evaluated community-based palliative care. The Busan Community-based Palliative Care Project improved the quality of life of palliative care patients by providing services at an appropriate level and by raising the recognition of palliative care in the community. To increase the utilization ratio of palliative care and the quality of service, strategies should be developed to supplement medical support systems. Copyright © 2018","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Palliative Care ",1,45,2,null,0,null,7,0,0,"Busan city",272,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1468,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Busan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1468,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Korea, South"},"Korea, SouthBusan",63,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1468,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Yang, J. and Xiao, C.",2018,"Experimental research on the influence of comprehensive intervention on cognition and behavior of pupils in physical education under the guidance of social ecology theory","Objectives: To explore the intervention effect of multifaceted intervention on teenager physical exercise cognition and behavior from the perspective of social ecology theory to promote young people to actively participate in physical exercise. Method(s): 173 young people from two schools in Wuxi City of Jiangsu Province were selected as the experimental subjects, including 85 experimental group students and 88 control group students, we tried to guide the experimental group to conduct a 14-weeks health education, exercise intervention and policy advocacy from the family, school, community and policy aspects. Result(s): 1) The number of participants with low level of participation in physical exercise after the experiment is reduced by nearly 23% compared with that before the experiment, which is mainly manifested in significant increase in time (P < 0.01) and exercise frequency of participating physical exercise (P < 0.01), but no significant change in exercise intensity (P > 0.05). After the experiment, the value cognitive of exercise (P < 0.01), emotional experience (P < 0.05) and behavioral control (P < 0.05) of the experimental subjects had a significant change, the behavioral attitude change (P > 0.05) was not obvious. 2) Comprehensive intervention for Junior high school students to participate in physical activity time is better than primary students, both boys and girls played a significant effect comprehensive intervention for Junior high school students, primary school student frequency of exercise is obvious, the frequency of girls to exercise intervention is better than boys. 3) The effect of comprehensive intervention on the cognitive value of the exercise value of primary school students was significantly better than that of Junior high school students, and there was a significant intervention effect on both boys and girls. Comprehensive intervention effect of emotional experience for primary school students is obvious, the effect of intervention in junior high school students is not significant, and emotional experience intervention for boys is better than girls. Intervention on junior high school students' exercise control was significantly better than that of primary school students both boys and girls had significant effect and the intervention for boys is better than girls. Conclusion(s): The comprehensive intervention method can promote the cognition and behavior of physical exercise in primary and middle school students in a short period of time under the guidance of social ecology theory. In the future, we need to adopt a more comprehensive intervention method, develop a more rigorous intervention program, expand the sample size and prolong the intervention time to further explore the impact of comprehensive intervention on cognition and behavior of physical exercise from the perspective of social ecology and then come to more convincing conclusions.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","physcial exercise",2,29,2,"ducation and policy",7,1,1,0,0,"Wuxi City of Jiangsu Province",327,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1469,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Wuxi"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1469,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"China"},"ChinaWuxi",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1469,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Abraham, T. G., Huggins, C., Diaz-Fuentes, G. and Roglieri, J.",2018,"Combining pharmacy expertise with asthma educator certification: assessing the impact on inner-city asthma patients","Objective: Asthma is one of the major causes of hospital readmissions in the South Bronx. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of asthma education provided by registered pharmacists with asthma educator certification (AE-C), on medication adherence and hospitalizations/Emergency Department (ED) visits. Method(s): This was a retrospective chart review of patients seen in the pulmonary clinic from October 2014 to August 2015 for asthma education by AE-C pharmacists. Medical records were reviewed over an 18-month period-9 months before and after the initial asthma education session. Data obtained included adherence to asthma controller inhalers based on pharmacy refill claims, asthma control using asthma control test (ACT) scores and asthma-related hospitalizations or ED visits within 30 days of asthma education. Pre-education data served as the pre-intervention group data and post-education data served as the post-intervention group data, allowing each patient to serve as their own control. Result(s): We found a statistically significant improvement in average medication adherence, i.e. asthma controller inhaler fills at pharmacy (46.3% vs 67.9%, p-value <0.001) and asthma control (15.71% vs 56.38%, p-value <0.001) between the pre-intervention and the post-intervention groups. Additionally, a lower hospitalization/ED utilization rate (31.2% vs 6.38%, p-value <0.001) was observed in the post-intervention group within 30 days of education. Conclusion(s): Asthma education provided by AE-C pharmacists had a positive impact on asthma care in our inner-city community. Improving medication adherence and asthma control as well as decreasing hospital utilization could potentially decrease health care costs in addition to improving quality of life. Copyright © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Asthma",1,5,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"New York ",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1470,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1470,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1470,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Ruggiero, C. F., Poirier, L., Trude, A. C. B., Yang, T., Schwendler, T., Gunen, B., Loh, I. H., Perepezko, K., Nam, C. S., Sato, P. and Gittelsohn, J.",2018,"Implementation of B'More Healthy Communities for Kids: process evaluation of a multi-level, multi-component obesity prevention intervention","B'More Healthy Communities for Kids was a multi-level, multi-component obesity prevention intervention to improve access, demand and consumption of healthier foods and beverages in 28 low-income neighborhoods in Baltimore City, MD. Process evaluation assesses the implementation of an intervention and monitor progress. To the best of our knowledge, little detailed process data from multi-level obesity prevention trials have been published. Implementation of each intervention component (wholesaler, recreation center, carryout restaurant, corner store, policy and social media/text messaging) was classified as high, medium or low according to set standards. The wholesaler component achieved high implementation for reach, dose delivered and fidelity. Recreation center and carryout restaurant components achieved medium reach, dose delivered and fidelity. Corner stores achieved medium reach and dose delivered and high fidelity. The policy component achieved high reach and medium dose delivered and fidelity. Social media/text messaging achieved medium reach and high dose delivered and fidelity. Overall, study reach and dose delivered achieved a high implementation level, whereas fidelity achieved a medium level. Varying levels of implementation may have balanced the performance of an intervention component for each process evaluation construct. This detailed process evaluation of the B'More Healthy Communities for Kids allowed the assessment of implementation successes, failures and challenges of each intervention component.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,null,7,"not stated",0,0,0,"baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1471,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1471,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Langabeer, J. R., Champagne-Langabeer, T., DaLuna, L., Silva, N., Meraz, L. T. and Samaniego, L. P.",2018,"A community initiative to reduce blood pressure in latinos: The San Antonio AHA Check. Change. control initiative","Background: Hypertension remains one of the most important, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Yet the largest minority ethnic group (Hispanics/Latinos) often have different health outcomes and behavior making hypertension management more difficult. In this study, we explore the effects of one large community-based intervention. Methods and Results: The American Heart Association sponsored an initiative targeted towards Hispanics called the Check. Change. Control program in San Antonio Texas (7th largest city in the U.S.; nearly 56% Hispanic population). The initiative was funded by a gift from the Max and Minnie Tomerlin Voelcker Fund. There have been 5,800 patients enrolled to-date, and 4,598 have completed the intervention from July 2016 to December 2017. Three ambulatory clinics provided geographic distribution across the region (Figure 1). Patient navigators helped to enroll and follow-up with hypertensive patients (>130 mmHg) over a 90- day period. The first and final BP readings were performed in the physician's office, and 4 interim measurements were recorded telephonically by provided cuffs for a total of 6 BP readings. The intervention consisted of self-engagement in home BP monitoring, fitness and nutritional counseling sessions, and provider coaching and follow-up. Primary outcomes included BP systolic change between first and last reading, and health-related quality of life assessment. Average patient age was 57 years (+/-11.7) and 59% were female. Using univariate paired samples pre-post design, we found an average of 6 mmHg reduction in systolic BP across the sample (139 vs. 133, t=10.32, p<.001). Quality of life (EQ- 5D VAS) indicated a mean change after intervention from .80 to .82 (t=31.03, p<.001). Conclusion(s): Community-based interventions which extends hypertension management outside of the provider's office can be effective at patient self-engagement and BP reductions for Latino populations.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","hypertension",2,17,2,"community clinics",3,null,3,8,0,"san antonia (texas)",179,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1472,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Antonio"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1472,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Antonio",1,1,1]
["Dickerson, J., Bird, P. K., Bryant, M., Dharni, N., Bridges, S., Willan, K., Ahern, S., Dunn, A., Nielsen, D., Uphoff, E. P., Bywater, T., Bowyer-Crane, C., Sahota, P., Small, N., Howell, M., Thornton, G., Pickett, K. E., McEachan, R. R. C. and Wright, J.",2018,"Integrating research and system-wide practice in public health to enhance the evidence-base of interventions: lessons learnt from Better Start Bradford","Background: Many interventions that are delivered within public health services have little evidence of effectiveness. An efficient way to improve the evidence-base of public health interventions is to integrate research into system-wide practice, and to evaluate interventions in partnership with stakeholders and the local community. Evaluation of interventions that are being delivered as a part of usual practice offers valuable opportunities to contribute to the evidence base but also generates challenges. We aimed to develop innovative methods and pragmatic strategies to overcome these challenges and achieve relevant and robust evaluations within a complex and changing system. Method(s): Better Start Bradford is a partnership programme offering multiple public health interventions to young families in Bradford, a deprived and ethnically diverse northern city in the UK. Between Jan 1, 2016, and Dec 31, 2017, we have worked to integrate research and practice across these multiple interventions. We identified challenges and used a codesign approach to develop strategies to overcome them across five core stages: engaging the community and stakeholders; clarifying the design of the intervention; harnessing routinely collected data; monitoring implementation; and evaluating the process and outcomes using innovative methods. Finding(s): As a result of our learning we developed comprehensive toolkits: an operational guide through the service design process including templates to ensure that evaluation needs are considered alongside operational plans; an implementation and monitoring guide including methods for selecting progression criteria to monitor performance; and an evaluation framework that incorporates implementation evaluations to enable understanding of intervention performance in practice, and quasi-experimental approaches to infer causal effects in a timely manner. We also offer strategies to harness routinely collected data to enhance the efficiency and affordability of evaluations that are directly relevant to policy and practice. Interpretation(s): This framework aims to aid the translation of rigorous research methods into the standard development, monitoring, and evaluation cycles of commissioned health interventions, and to support researchers to evaluate real-life interventions. Registration is required before the tools can be downloaded, thus allowing us to commission an independent evaluation of these tools, planned for 2019. Funding(s): Big Lottery Fund (as part of the A Better Start programme), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care Yorkshire and Humber. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Public health interventions",1,0,2,null,7,null,1,0,0,"Bradford",25,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1473,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Bradford"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1473,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandBradford",3,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1473,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Li, X., Jia, N., Min, M., Qiu, Y., Yang, C., Sun, F., Mo, Q. and Huang, X.",2018,"Study on the effect of clinical decision support system in the management of cardiovascular disease risk factors for community hypertensive patients in 81388 cases in real world","Objectives: To evaluate the effect of clinical decision support system (CDSS) in the real world on the management of cardiovascular risk factors in community-based hypertensive patients. Method(s): The data of 76 community health service centers in Futian district of Shenzhen city from June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2017 were collected based on the real-world data of the community health service center, including general demographic information, diagnostic information, blood pressure/Lipid monitoring information, medication information. Result(s): A total of 81388 cases of hypertensive patients were collected. There were 4315 CDSS patients with a mean age of (62.13 +/- 10.45) years, the proportion of men and women is 1.31:1. There were 77073 non-CDSS patients with an average age of (57.58 +/- 11.36) years, and the ratio of male and female is 1.21:1. The number of monthly outpatient visits (t = 3078.18, P < 0.001), the monthly mean number of outpatient lipids (t = 23464.27, P < 0.001), the prevalence of dyslipidemia(=2470.54, P < 0.001), blood pressure control compliance rate (= 10.38, P = 0.002) in the CDSS patients were higher then non-CDSS patients, and in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, antihypertensive drug use rate (= 179.48, P < 0.001), antiplatelet drug use rate (= 247.37, P < 0.001), lipid-lowering drug use rate (= 163.23, P < 0.001) in the CDSS patients were higher than non-CDSS patients. Conclusion(s): The electronic clinical decision support system can help community doctors to better manage cardiovascular risk factors for hypertensive patients, effectively improve patient compliance with treatment, improve blood pressure and blood lipid control rate, and regulate the use of cardiovascular diseases.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","hypertension",2,17,2,"clinical decision support software",4,null,0,0,0,"Shenzhen (china)",202,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1474,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shenzhen"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1474,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaShenzhen",20,4,1]
["Capers, T.",2018,"Working Together to Improve Community-Level Health: The Evolution of the New York City Food & Fitness Partnership","The New York City Food & Fitness Partnership case study discusses how the scope and abundance of diverse community stakeholders can create difficulties when addressing and conducting work in a large city landscape. We describe our 9-year journey, from initial citywide planning, to early challenges, to rebirth as a Central Brooklyn-focused effort led by a community development corporation. We describe difficult and transparent conversations, and the various leadership changes and organizational transitions that have helped the partnership embrace equity frameworks. We illustrate how these principles have been demonstrated in their efforts to be community driven, ensuring that intended beneficiaries would be involved in every stage of decision making.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Food and Fitness",1,4,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"New york",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1475,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1475,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1475,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Kang, K. L., Greer, M., Bown, J., Preston, J., Mabelis, J., Hepburn, L. A., Fisher, M., Falconer, R., McDermott, S. and Deed, S.",2018,"Unsupervised machine learning of integrated health and social care data from the Macmillan Improving the Cancer Journey service in Glasgow","Background: Improving the Cancer Journey (ICJ) was launched in 2014 by Glasgow City Council and Macmillan Cancer Support. As part of routine service, data is collected on ICJ users including demographic and health information, results from holistic needs assessments and quality of life scores as measured by EQ-5D health status. There is also data on the number and type of referrals made and feedback from users on the overall service. By applying artificial intelligence and interactive visualization technologies to this data, we seek to improve service provision and optimize resource allocation. Method(s): An unsupervised machine-learning algorithm was deployed to cluster the data. The classical k-means algorithm was extended with the k-modes technique for categorical data, and the gap heuristic automatically identified the number of clusters. The resulting clusters are used to summarize complex data sets and produce three-dimensional visualizations of the data landscape. Furthermore, the traits of new ICJ clients are predicted by approximately matching their details to the nearest existing cluster center. Result(s): Cross-validation showed the model's effectiveness over a wide range of traits. For example, the model can predict marital status, employment status and housing type with an accuracy between 2.4 to 4.8 times greater than random selection. One of the most interesting preliminary findings is that area deprivation (measured through Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation-SIMD) is a better predictor of an ICJ client's needs than primary diagnosis (cancer type). Conclusion(s): A key strength of this system is its ability to rapidly ingest new data on its own and derive new predictions from those data. This means the model can guide service provision by forecasting demand based on actual or hypothesized data. The aim is to provide intelligent person-centered recommendations. The machine-learning model described here is part of a prototype software tool currently under development for use by the cancer support community.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Cancer ",2,22,2,null,4,null,0,0,0,"Glasgow",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1476,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1476,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",50,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1476,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Pagliuso, S., MacRae, L., Leblanc, K. and Johnson, D.",2018,"The process and results of integrating stroke services in a large urban setting","Background: Integrating health care services across regions to improve patient outcomes and experience is a complex process. The literature is clear that receiving stroke care on a designated stroke unit produces improved patient outcomes. St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (SJHH) and Hamilton Health Sciences (HHS), along with the Central South Regional Stroke Network undertook the challenge of developing an integrated model of stroke care for the city of Hamilton in Ontario, Canada. This integration required the transfer of stroke patient volumes and the reallocation of resources from SJHH to HHS. The ultimate result of this integration work was improve access to best practice stroke unit care for every person with stroke throughout Hamilton. Objective(s): To describe the integration process and results of the integration to inform similar integration efforts. MethodsIntegration Process Structure: Steering Committee: oversee integration of stroke servicesVolumes and Definition Subcommittee: define patient population Finance Planning Subcommittee: determine transfer of funds People Planning Subcommittee: assess impact to Human Resources Communication Planning Subcommittee: develop and disseminate messages for internal and external stakeholdersProcesses Subcommittee: develop patient flow pathwayOperations Subcommittee: develop and implement pre-launch education, finalize equipment transfers and establish model evaluation structure Evaluation Process:Monthly Case ReviewsQuarterly Data Reviews6- month and 1-year fulsome model evaluations Results: The Integrated model of Stroke Care in Hamilton was launched on January 8, 2018. Early analysis of the model demonstrates appropriate utilization of patient pathways and increased access to stroke unit care. Fulsome data will be available later in 2018.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","stroke care",2,19,2,"integration",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"hamilton (ontario)",86,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1477,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hamilton"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1477,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaHamilton",2,1,1]
["Deming, R., Ford, M. M., Moore, M. S., Lim, S., Perumalswami, P., Weiss, J., Wyatt, B., Shukla, S., Litwin, A., Reynoso, S. and Laraque, F.",2018,"Evaluation of a hepatitis C clinical care coordination programme's effect on treatment initiation and cure: A surveillance-based propensity score matching approach","Hepatitis C (HCV) is a viral infection that if left untreated can severely damage the liver. Project INSPIRE was a 3 year HCV care coordination programme in New York City (NYC) that aimed to address barriers to treatment initiation and cure by providing patients with supportive services and health promotion. We examined whether enrolment in Project INSPIRE was associated with differences in HCV treatment and cure compared with a demographically similar group not enrolled in the programme. INSPIRE participants in 2015 were matched with a cohort of HCV-infected persons identified in the NYC surveillance registry, using full optimal matching on propensity scores and stratified by INSPIRE enrolment status. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess group differences in the two treatment outcomes. Two follow-up sensitivity analyses using individual pair-matched sets and the full unadjusted cohort were also conducted. Treatment was initiated by 72% (790/1130) of INSPIRE participants and 36% (11 960/32 819) of study-eligible controls. Among initiators, 65% (514/790) of INSPIRE participants compared with 47% (5641/11 960) of controls achieved cure. In the matched analysis, enrolment in INSPIRE increased the odds of treatment initiation (OR: 5.25, 95% CI: 4.47-6.17) and cure (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 2.00-3.16). Results from the sensitivity analyses showed agreement with the results from the full optimal match. Participation in the HCV care coordination programme significantly increased the probability of treatment initiation and cure, demonstrating that care coordination for HCV-infected individuals improves treatment outcomes. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Hep C",2,6,1,null,3,null,3,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1478,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1478,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},{"$f":"+V1478&U1478","v":"usaNew York City"},1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1478,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},2]
["Correa, S. R. and Abel, J.",2018,"Palliative care for all? How can Brazil develop a palliative care service founded on principles of equity and access for all?","PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite the historical international development of palliative care over the last 50 years, provision of equity of care and access to appropriate medication remains a major problem in many countries across the world. Interest in the public health approach to end-of-life care has grown over the last 20 years. Models of palliative care, which are affordable and provide equity of care are changing through these new concepts. We describe an existing model of practice in a primary care setting in Rio Grande in Brazil, which could act as a template for redesign of palliative care services. RECENT FINDINGS: Traditional models of palliative care have focussed on the physical, social, psychological and spiritual domains. Abel and Kellehear have proposed a new model, uniting specialist and generalist palliative care with compassionate communities and the civic component encapsulated in the compassionate city charter. This model is more comprehensive, emphasizing both harm reduction and health and well being promotion, and is currently being rolled out within the Family Health Strategy in Rio Grande in Brazil. SUMMARY: An existing model of palliative care, which includes the public health approach in Rio Grande be used as a basis for more equitable palliative care in Brazil, to meet a large unmet need.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Palliative care ",2,45,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Rio Grande",317,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1479,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"rio grande"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1479,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilrio grande",14,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1479,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},0]
["Bui, T., Tran, B. Q., Green, K., Wadhwani, C. and McGuire, H.",2018,"Attacking Hypertension From All Sides: Improving Hypertension Prevention and Control In Vietnam Through a Holistic Multi-Stakeholder Approach","Introduction: 25% of people in Vietnam have hypertension, which contributes to 21% of total deaths annually. Vietnam's National NCD Prevention and Management Strategy 2015-2025 aims to keep hypertension prevalence to 30% or less. However, the health system has evolved to respond to infectious diseases and acute conditions; it lacks the mechanisms and resources to adequately respond to chronic conditions like hypertension. Objective(s): The Communities for Healthy Hearts (CH2) project, led by PATH, the Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) Provincial Health Department and Preventive Medicine Center, and the Novartis Foundation, CH2 aims to significantly increase hypertension awareness, screening, diagnosis, treatment and management over time in four poor urban communities of HCMC. Ensuring clients are retained throughout this continuum of care is critical to effective chronic disease management. Method(s): CH2 implemented a multi-strategy hypertension prevention and care model by: 1) increasing diagnosis through enhanced blood pressure screening in primary health care services and non-traditional locations, including highly trafficked local businesses and social enterprises; 2) decentralizing hypertension management to public and private primary care clinics and increasing access to health insurance coverage; and 3) developing a cadre of lay community case managers who support treatment adherence and reinforce healthy behaviors among clients at home. To reinforce these approaches, CH2 supports quality of care through peer clinical mentoring, and uses analogue and digital tools to boost client medication adherence and self-care, and track client outcomes over time. Result(s): From September 2016 to February 2018, 124,358 people were screened by volunteers, local businesses, and social enterprises. 33.4% had elevated blood pressure values and were referred for diagnosis. 66% of those referred were diagnosed with hypertension, 82.6% of whom are now on treatment. In contrast, the Vietnam 2016 National Survey on the Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases found only 13% of people with hypertension were managed by a health facility. [Figure presented] Conclusion(s): Preliminary results suggest that the CH2 model is effective in reaching those at risk of hypertension, linking them to care, and reducing loss to initial follow-up. Disclosure of Interest: None declared Copyright © 2018","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Hypertension",2,17,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"ho chi minh city",283,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1480,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Ho Chi Minh City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1480,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Vietnam"},"VietnamHo Chi Minh City",60,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1480,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Lansky, S., Oliveira, B., De Souza, K. V., De Rezende Peixoto, E., Fernandes, L., Mishkin, K. and De Lima Friche, A. A.",2018,"Obstetric violence and doula support among participants of the senses of birth intervention","Objectives: Since 2014, the World Health Organization has recognized the need to prevent and eliminate obstetric violence (OV), defined as disrespect and abuse during childbirth. Obstetric violence is a public health issue with immediate and long-term effects on women and newborn health and rights. One-quarter of Brazilian women suffer OV, associated with abuse of 'too much too soon' obstetric interventions and no incorporation of evidence-based practices (EBP). This study investigates self-reported OV among women that participated in an educational intervention in Brazil, Senses of Birth. Method(s): From 2015 to 2017, Senses of Birth health education intervention provided information and mobilization about childbirth in public spaces, was implemented in three cities in Brazil. This paper analyses the response from 555 women who participated in this intervention and answered a follow-up questionnaire after childbirth. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to describe characteristics associated with OV. Result(s): 70 women (12.6%) reported OV during childbirth. While reported OV was not associated with doula use, doula use was associated with proxies for OV, including use of Kristeller Maneuver (p<0.001), episiotomy performed without consent (p<0.001), supine delivery position (p<0.001), no access to pain relief (p<0.001), no skin-to- skin contact immediately and within the first hour after birth (p<0.001). In adjusted analysis, lack of doula support was associated with lower odds of skin-to- skin contact within the first hour (OR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.15-0.98) and episiotomy performed without consent (OR 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13-0.83). Conclusion(s): Results indicate that a small proportion of women reported experiencing OV. However, women frequently reported proxies indicators of OV. This suggests that women may be experiencing OV but are not aware that what they have experienced was not recommended and can be considered OV. There is a need for quality educational efforts directed to pregnant women about their reproductive rights. Among other strategies, doula support should be considered to improve the use of EBP and prevent OV.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","hospital care",2,39,2,"midwife care",1,null,0,0,0,"brazilian cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1481,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1481,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,2,0]
["Leite, V., Porsani, M. M., Costa, F. L., De Almeida, L., De Paula Beck, K. and Campos, L. F.",2018,"Intervention project: A path to implement secundary prevention of breast cancer in petropolis-RJ","Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women and presents high socioeconomic impact. The early diagnosis, as well as the rapid arrival of these women in specialized services, alters the natural history of the disease and reduces public health costs, making Primary Care the key to the optimal flow of these patients. This project aims to present a training strategy for Primary Care professionals through booklets as an easily accessible information tool and meetings, where questions are answered and better knowledge is acquired. Method(s): Four academic leagues from Petropolis Medical School were invited to prepare two booklets with the main information of breast cancer in a simple and approachable way, one containing information for community health agents and another containing information for primary care physicians and nurses. In addition, a schedule for the training meetings was created, where the primary care professionals were divided into groups so that they could participate more actively in the training. Also, doctors and nurses went to a second stage, being inserted in the mastology clinics for practical experience in the subject. Result(s): During the project execution period, an increase of 25% in mastology medical appointments and 42% in surgeries was observed in relation to the previous year. A flowchart for the treatment of breast disorders for basic health care was also developed along with the Health Department of the city, shortening and optimizing access to secondary care, and raising possible solutions to barriers to health care access for patients in the investigation and treatment phase. Conclusion(s): Therefore, this project aims to expand and qualify the early detection of breast cancer in order to reduce the mortality of this disease in the City of Petropolis through the training of Primary Care professionals and improved access to the specialized service.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","breast cancer",2,12,2,"education of staff and pop",1,null,0,0,0,"Petropolis (brazil)",309,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1482,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Petropolis"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1482,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Brazil"},"BrazilPetropolis",14,2,1]
["Lansky, S., Oliveira, B., Ventura de-Souza, K., De Rezende Peixoto, E., Karmaluk, C., Fernandes, L. and De Lima Friche, A. A.",2018,"Senses of birth-education and mobilization to decrease cesarean-section and Prematurity in Brazil","Objectives: Cesarean section and unnecessary interventions during childbirth are high in Brazil and impacts maternal, fetal and infant morbi-mortality. The Sustainable Development Goals challenge health systems to overcome inadequate access to services (\"too little, too late\") and over medicalization (\"too much, too soon\") to reduce preventable deaths. Senses of Birth (SoB) exhibition is an innovative intervention developed to increase knowledge and social mobilization on maternal and child health and promote cultural change to value normal birth. Method(s): The effect of the exhibition on maternal health knowledge, perceptions and preferences regarding childbirth were analyzed in a multi-method study with 22621 SoB visitors in 3 Brazilian cities, 2015. 17,501 (77.0%) answers of visitors at the exit of the intervention were analyzed and a pre and post survey with 1,947 (20.0%) of the general visitors and all pregnant (1,287) women that visited SoB was conducted. A follow-up study analyzed 555 (43.0%) post-partum women that participated at SoB during pregnancy. Stratified and univariate analyses was used to compare outcomes before and after the intervention. Result(s): Among general visitors the assessment of normal birth as \"excellent\" raised from 42.9% to 82.7%. Negative perception decreased from 22.1% to 3.2%. Changes in knowledge and perception of normal birth were greater among pregnant women. The majority of postpartum women reported use of a birth plan (55.2%), had midwife care during labor (47.9%), 76.7% had access to non-pharmacological birth pain relief methods and 26.9% had a doula; 42.0% had a C-section and 7.0% a preterm birth. Social network achieved 2.297.450 people, 68,204 followers (Facebook) and 4505 (Instagram), to help change the perinatal paradigm in Brazil. Conclusion(s): The senses of birth proved to be an effective initiative that contributed to improved knowledge and greater access to evidenced-based practices and rights to a respectful birth. It also promoted social mobilization to help change the perinatal paradigm in Brazil. Scaling up may help changing culture and valuing normal birth, decrease unnecessary cesarean sections and iatrogenic prematurity in Brazil.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","hospital care",2,39,2,"cesarean section reducation",1,null,0,0,0,"3 brazilian cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1483,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1483,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,2,0]
["Adesse, L.",2018,"Effectiveness in attention to sexual violence","Objectives: The UN Gender, Race and Ethnicity Working Group present this paper as a result of part of its mission to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls in the public and private spheres and is one of the goals of the sustainable development objective (ODS) 5 -Gender Equality. Sexual violence against women is a serious social and public health problem that has evoked the elaboration of policies and coping actions. Method(s): In Brazil, a milestone was the inauguration of specialized services and the promulgation of the Technical Norms for Prevention and Treatment of health injuries resulting from Sexual Violence against Women and Adolescents (2005) and the Standards for Specialized Police Stations (2010). The present study is part of an intervention research focused on the increase of quality of care of health and safety referral services for sexual violence assistance care. Using a participatory evaluative methodology the project aims to broaden the knowledge of these services on its potentialities and overcoming capacities. Result(s): Health and public security workers in 03 cities where the UN Agencies work, answered collectively to a group of formulated qualitative indicators based on norms, laws and national guidelines for sexual violence care. The result shows similar difficulties: ambiance and reception, awareness and training of professionals, staff turnover, and few women access to abortion provided by law and little organicity of the Network of Services where adolescents in situations of violence are invisible. Conclusion(s): Action plans have been developed for improvements in services and the support of intersectoral networks and the Secretariats of Health and Justice has been fundamental increasing the quality of care of reference services in health and safety to people in situations of sexual violence.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Sexual violence",2,44,2,null,0,null,7,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1484,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1484,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1484,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Lansky, S., De Rezende Peixoto, E., De Castro e Santos, S. P., Figueredo, N., Magalhaes, P. R. and Vilamil, Q. T.",2018,"Monitoring care during childbirth to reduce maternal and infant mortality in Belo Horizonte, Brazil","Objectives: Improving quality in maternity care during childbirth is critical to decrease maternal, infant and perinatal mortality, still high in Brazil. The public health system in Belo Horizonte has organized a perinatal care network and monitors maternity indicators to reduce preventable causes of mortality. This monitoring system is based on the work of hospital auditors in a real-time, in loco observation and women interview, since 2006. This study aimed to evaluate health care during childbirth and the implementation of best evidence based obstetric and neonatal practices with a monitoring system between 2008 and 2015. Method(s): A monitoring system was structured with a continuum data collection using a sample of 5% of women in labor and 5% of puerperal women in all 7 maternity units and 1 birth center in Belo Horizonte. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on childbirth care indicators from medical records, the Hospital Information System, direct observation of care and interview with women. Data from 1560 women in labor and 2631 postpartum women (year 2008), 1072 pregnant women and 1091 postpartum women (year 2015) were analyzed; chi-square was used to measure the difference between proportions between 2008 and 2015. Result(s): There was a significant increase (p<0.001) in the presence of a companion for women during birth and delivery (52.6 to 92.8%), liquid ingestion during labor (55.3% to 89.6%), non-pharmacological methods (13.2 to 83.6%), analgesia (17.2 to 26.1%), partogram completion (43.7 to 81.9%) and skin-to-skin contact (91.8 to 98.7%). Oxytocin in labor decreased from 36.0 to 27.2% (p<0.001) and there was no change in Apgar score <7 at 5th minute (1.3 to 1.6%, p=0.017). C-section rate reduced from 35.2 to 28.0%, maternal and infant mortality rates, from 52.0 to 31.6/100.000 and from 11.7 to 10.2/1000, respectively. Conclusion(s): There was a significant improvement in childbirth care at public maternity hospitals in Belo Horizonte City, with the implementation of best practices and reduction of harmful procedures. The improvement of maternal and child health care indicators in the municipality indicates that changing the obstetric and neonatal care model with evidence-based practices can contribute to reduce excess morbidity and mortality.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","maternal and infant mortality",2,37,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Belo Horizonte (Brazil)",16,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1485,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Belo Horizonte"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1485,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilBelo Horizonte",14,2,1]
["Lansky, S., Oliveira, B., DeRezende Peixoto, E., DeSouza, K. V., Fernandes, L. and DeLima Friche, A. A.",2018,"Midwife care during childbirth among participants of the senses of birth intervention","Objectives: According to The World Health Organization, midwifery care during childbirth increases patient safety, is associated with lower Cesarean rates, and it is an effective practice to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. Cesarean rate is extreme in Brazil (55.5%), suggesting a highly medicalized maternal care model, with underuse of evidence-based practices. This study explores midwife care among Brazilian women who participated in the health education Senses of Birth (SoB) and intervention conceived to contribute improving knowledge about best practices in childbirth, change culture and value normal birth. Method(s): From 2015 to 2017, the Senses of Birth intervention was implemented in three Brazilian cities. This paper analyzes responses from 555 pregnant women who participated in the intervention and answered a follow-up questionnaire after childbirth. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to understand factors associated with midwife care. Result(s): 54.2% of the women had midwife care, which was significantly associated with medium family income (p=0.01), age (p=0.003), white women (p=0.017), doula support (p=0.001), birth plan (p=0.004), public hospital (p<0.001), perceived knowledge in childbirth after SoB (p=0.001) and birth type (p<0.001). After adjustment, midwifery care was more likely among women aged 20 to 34 years old (OR 1.86, CI: 1.09-3.18), with high knowledge about childbirth after SoB (OR 2.29, CI: 1.175-4.464), had a birth plan (OR 1.59, CI: 1.05-2.40) and vaginal delivery (OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.08-2.42) in public hospital (OR 4.29, 95% CI: 2.63-7.00). Conclusion(s): Knowledge about midwifery care after SoB intervention may have increased preference for midwife care among women. Midwife care during birth was associated with increased use of evidence-based practices (doula support and birth plan), and lower cesarean section rates (45.9%) when compared to the national average (55.5%). Senses of Birth may contribute to improve knowledge and childbirth outcomes in Brazil. Improving midwifery care during birth should be considered as a priority public police to improve maternal and child health in Brazil.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","hospital care",2,39,2,"midwife care",1,null,0,0,0,"brazilian cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1486,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1486,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,2,0]
["Diao, Y., Qian, J., Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Ma, H., Wang, X., Luo, R., Wagner, A. and Sun, J.",2018,"Government insurance coverage and use and affordability of expensive targeted anti-cancer medicines in China: an interrupted time-series study","Background: Little evidence is available to demonstrate the effect of the emerging government insurance coverage on use and affordability of expensive anti-cancer medicines as well as insurance sustainability for patients in China. This study examined the insurance programme in Hangzhou, the capital city of Zhejiang province, as an example, focusing on the six targeted anti-cancer medicines that were newly covered by government insurance in January, 2015, and looked at how such inclusions influenced the use and affordability of these medicines. Method(s): We used longitudinal hospital medicines procurement data collected by IQVIA (IMS Health and Quintiles) Institutes for health-care informatics to assess trajectories in use of medicines in 69 hospitals with more than 100 beds from January, 2013, to December, 2016. We conducted segmented regression analyses of interrupted time series data to measure changes in use of medicines over time. WHO/Health Action International Project on Medicine Prices and Availability methodology was used to measure the affordability of medicines. Key informant interviews were done to document the pharmaceutical company patient assistance programme and insurance policies. Finding(s): In March, 2015, the use of all studied medicines increased by 15.58 (95% CI 3.86-27.30, p=0.01, for imatinib) to 439.14 standard units (311.79-566.49, p<0.001, for cetuximab) in 1 month. Before introduction of insurance coverage, patients had to pay out-of-pocket 3.0-13.1 and 6.2-27.3 times the provincial average disposable annual income per capita in urban and rural areas, respectively; 1.5-6.4 and 3.1-13.4 times for those who were entitled tothe patient assistance programme. After introduction of insurance coverage in January, 2015, out-of-pocket payments were reduced to 0.6-2.1 and 1.8-4.4 times the provincial average disposable annual income per capita in urban and rural areas, respectively. By the end of 2016, cumulative total insurance expenses for the six targeted anti-cancer medicines accounted for 46% of the total amount of government catastrophic health funds collected for Hangzhou, which would reach 69% if the reimbursement rate was increased from 60% to 90%. Interpretation(s): Our findings suggest that government insurance coverage has a substantial role in increasing patients' access to expensive targeted anti-cancer medicines, with reduced individual financial burden, but it is still high, especially for low-income population. The sustainability of such systems requires close monitoring and appropriate use of medicines. Findings of this study provide directions for policy formation and financial risk management in relation to the government insurance. Funding(s): Peking Union Medical College Educational Fund. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Cancer",2,22,2,null,3,null,6,0,0,"Hangzhou",87,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1487,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hangzhou"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1487,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHangzhou",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1487,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Grover, S., Drwal, K., Wakefield, B., Zhou, Y. and Accaoui, R. E.",2018,"The effect of home-based cardiac rehabilitation program on change in body mass index","Introduction: Access to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is limited for most Veterans who useVeterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs). Many VAMCs do not offer on-site CR and Veterans frequently face attendance barriers to non-VA center-based CR. A home-based CRmodel was developed at the Iowa City VA to address this need and was subsequentlydisseminated to 29 additional VA sites. In this model, care is delivered by weekly phoneor video appointments for 12 consecutive weeks. Patients receive counseling from a CRprofessional about lifestyle modifications, exercise, nutrition, stress management, medication compliance, and tobacco cessation. Purpose(s): To evaluate the impact of home-based CR on body mass index (BMI) andpredictors of change in BMI. Design(s): Pre-post assessment of participants in the home-based CR program. Method(s): Participants' BMI were collected at program enrollment and completion.Participants completed a Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) assessment and the PatientHealth Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2). Age and referral diagnosis were also recorded. Pairedt-tests were used to examine pre-post differences in BMI. A generalized linear model wasconducted to examine predictors of pre-to-post changes in BMI, including pre-PHQ-2,age, pre DASI, and reason for referral. Result(s): In the 169 participants analyzed, there was a significant decrease in BMI following completion of the program (31.60 vs. 31.17; p =.0004). 60% of participants lost weightwhile enrolled in the program. Pre PHQ-2 was significantly associated (p =.05) with postBMI; participants with higher pre PHQ-2 had higher post BMI scores when controlling forbaseline BMI. Conclusion(s): Patients enrolled in a home-based CR program successfully lost weight.This demonstrates the benefits of nutritional counseling and exercise prescription provided by phone or video appointments. Participants with higher depression at enrollmenthad higher BMI scores at completion. This may suggest that participants who aredepressed at the beginning of the program have more difficulty making heart healthylifestyle changes due to depression. These findings indicate a need for more psychologicalsupport, stress management, additional resources, and continued encouragement forpatients who are depressed at enrollment in order to succeed in making heart healthylifestyle changes.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Cardiac Rehabilitation ",1,26,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"Iowa",284,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1488,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"iowa City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1488,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAiowa City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1488,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},2]
["Rosecrans, A., Rives, S., Falade-Nwulia, O., Cheedalla, A., China, W., Scotti, L., Brown, H., Greenbaum, A., Niculescu, A., Irving, R., Ntiri-Reid, B. and Page, K.",2018,"Curing hepatitis C with charm: An innovative model embedded in the Baltimore City Health Department's (BCHD) Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) clinics","Background: In June 2013, the BCHD STD Clinics began offering hepatitis C (HCV) screening and referral to outside HCV specialists for those diagnosed with chronic infection. Starting in July 2015, BCHD began offering HCV treatment onsite through a partnership with the Maryland Department of Health and Johns Hopkins Division of Infectious Diseases. The objective of this study was to compare rates of attendance to initial HCV treatment appointments before and after offering onsite treatment within the STD clinics. Method(s): Since July 2015 the BCHD HCV treatment program, called CHARM (Curing Hepatitis And Realizing eMpowerment), has offered treatment to patients with chronic HCV diagnosed at the STD clinics or referred to BCHD for treatment. We conducted a retrospective study of patients confirmed to have chronic infection at the BCHD STD Clinics from July 2015-December 2016 to evaluate the proportion who successfully attended their initial HCV treatment appointment. We used chi-square analysis to compare CHARM appointment attendance to attendance for those referred to outside clinics for treatment using previously published data from June 2013-April 2014. Result(s): 155 patients were diagnosed with chronic HCV from June 2013-April 2014 and 399 patients were either diagnosed at the STD clinics or referred for treatment from July 2015-December 2016. During the entire study period, 432 (78%) patients with chronic HCV accepted an outside referral or CHARM appointment for treatment evaluation. Among this group, patients seen after July 2015 and offered treatment onsite were more likely to attend their HCV treatment appointment than patients who were referred out for treatment - 76% versus 61% respectively (p = 0.002). Conclusion(s): Offering onsite HCV treatment in public STD Clinics improves the likelihood that patients will attend appointments to be evaluated for HCV treatment.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Hepititus",2,41,1,"additional screening",3,"partnershp",2,0,0,"baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1489,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1489,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Jamison, K., Borges, C., Hedberg, T. and Pathela, P.",2018,"Navigating risks: PrEP referral and linkage among patients who initially declined - New York city sexual health clinics, 2017","Background: At New York City (NYC) Sexual Health Clinics (SHCs), patient navigators provide HIV pre-exposure-prophylaxis (PrEP) counseling and referral to long-term PrEP care. Patients from \"priority groups\" (meet specific criteria based on behavioral risk or prior STD diagnosis) and those interested in PrEP are offered PrEP navigation. Approximately 62% of navigated patients accept a referral and 22% link to PrEP care <60 days following their initial navigation session. Method(s): Using electronic medical record data, we identified SHC patients who declined a PrEP referral during their first navigation session between January-April 2017. We then identified the subset who returned to a SHC and were offered another navigation session within 6 months and examined subsequent acceptance of PrEP navigation, referral, and linkage-to-care. Result(s): Among 455 patients who declined PrEP referral at initial navigation session, 138 (30%) returned to SHCs and were offered subsequent PrEP navigation; 58% (81/138) accepted navigation. Among patients receiving subsequent navigation, 69% (48/70) accepted a PrEP referral; acceptance was significantly higher among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) (73% versus 29% among non-MSM, p=0.03) and among patients who newly met priority group criteria at subsequent navigation (89% versus 62% not in priority group/no change in priority group status, p=0.04). Patients were less likely to accept referral at subsequent navigation if they declined initial referral because of low risk perception (25% versus 74% among those without low risk perception, p=0.01) or reported concerns about taking pills (29% versus 73% among those without such concerns, p=0.03). One-third (23/70) of patients receiving subsequent navigation linked to PrEP care. Conclusion(s): Among SHC patients initially declining PrEP, perceived-risk and report of increasing risk were associated with PrEP acceptance over time. It is important for clinic staff to seize every opportunity to connect eligible patients to PrEP care by assessing risk at each clinical encounter and, if appropriate, offering PrEP navigation.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,null,1,null,0,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1490,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1490,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1490,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Pathela, P., Braunstein, S., Jamison, K., Westheimer, E., Borges, C., Mikati, T., Daskalakis, D. and Blank, S.",2018,"Jumpstart is a head start: Initiating antiretroviral treatment on day of HIV diagnosis in New York city health department sexual health clinics, 2016-2017","Background: HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiated soon after HIV diagnosis leads to better prognosis and reduced transmission. The 'JumpstART' program, in New York City (NYC) public Sexual Health Clinics (SHC) since November 2016, provides newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients with ART (one-month supply) on day of diagnosis and active linkage to HIV care (LTC). We examined viral suppression (VS) among JumpstART (immediate ART initiates) and non-JumpstART patients. Method(s): We matched a cohort of 117 newly diagnosed SHC patients (11/23/16-7/31/17) to the NYC HIV surveillance registry to obtain HIV laboratory test results through 10/31/17. We compared JumpstART and non-JumpstART patients regarding: 1) timely LTC (<30 days); 2) probability of VS (viral load<200 copies/mL) by three months post-diagnosis, using Kaplan-Meier analysis; and 3) time from HIV diagnosis to VS among the virally suppressed. Using Cox regression, we identified factors associated with VS by 10/31/17. Result(s): Of 117 patients, 21 (18%) had acute HIV infections; 65% (76/117) were JumpstART and the remaining were non-JumpstART patients. LTC<30 days was observed for 85% (65/76) of JumpstART and 71% (29/41) of non-JumpstART patients. By 3 months post-diagnosis, 83% of JumpstART versus 32% of non-JumpstART patients achieved VS (log-rank, p<.0001). Median times to VS among virally suppressed JumpstART and non-JumpstART patients were 4.1 weeks (interquartile range: 3.4-6.7) and 13.4 weeks (IQR: 7.1-17.3), respectively. There was no difference in VS status between JumpstART and non-JumpstART patients after adjusting for gender, age, race/ethnicity, partner gender, and LTC status. Linked were more likely than non-linked patients to achieve VS (aHR: 2.2, 95%CI: 1.2-4.1). Conclusion(s): Prompt ART initiation among SHC patients, many of whom had acute HIV infections, resulted in markedly shortened times to VS. These findings suggest that immediate ART provision and active LTC can be key contributors to improved HIV treatment outcomes and the treatment-as-prevention paradigm, with potential for downstream, population-level benefit.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,"immediate treatment",3,"health dept",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1491,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1491,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Mims, I., Rose, A., Harris, T. and Eberly, K.",2018,"Big changes in small packages - Implementation of expedited partner treatment in Oklahoma health departments","Background: EPT has proven to be a successful public health strategy to enhance timely treatment of partners of clients diagnosed with gonorrhea and chlamydia. \"The Oklahoma Public Health Delivery Act of 2012\" allows RNs in county health departments (CHD) to issue PrEPackaged medications; as a result, the Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) implemented EPT in the state's 78 rural CHDs and 8 autonomous city county health departments. Provisions were made in Public Health Investigation and Disease Detection system of Oklahoma (PHIDDO) to track EPT uptake among eligible clients per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention eligibility. Method(s): In collaboration with the Denver Prevention Training Center, the OSDH HIV/STD service provided training by webinar and in-person presentations at CHD nurse manager meetings. EPT questions were added to PHIDDO to track issuance and reasons EPT was not offered. STD medication inventory history for 2015 was reviewed to estimate the amount of EPT medication needed to stock 86 facilities. In August 2016, EPT starter kits were mailed to all CHDs. Result(s): From September 2016 through August 2017, there were 9,228 cases that were EPT eligible, of which 16.2% received EPT. EPT was received among 1,160/6,133 (18.9%) chlamydia cases and 335/3,095 (10.8%) gonorrhea cases (p <.0001). Among chlamydia cases, 892/3,442(25.9%) of women received EPT and 268/2,691 (10.0%) of men (p<.0001). Among gonorrhea cases, 257/1,415 (18.2%) of women received EPT and 78/1,680 (4.6%) of men (p<.0001). EPT was issued to 18.6% patients in rural CHDs, 15.3% patients at Tulsa CHD, and 4.9% patients at Oklahoma County CHD (p<.0001). Conclusion(s): EPT issuance varied statistically by pathogen, sex, and facility. Tracking EPT documentation in PHIDDO is beneficial for developing strategies to promote EPT use throughout the state.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","sexual health ",2,47,2,"education of  staff",3,null,5,0,0,"olklahoma",305,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1492,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Oklahoma City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1492,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAOklahoma City",1,1,1]
["Klemp, J. R., Vanbebber, H., Folker, T., Serig, L., Metcalf, T., Roberts, A., Cooper, M. and Fernandez, D.",2018,"A health system wide approach to the delivery of survivorship care plans","Background: Survivorship care plans (SCPs) are recognized by organizations including the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer, as a best practice for improving survivor care. Little evidence supports this and hospitals and cancer centers are scrambling to meet deadlines for SCP development and delivery. The University of Kansas Cancer Center (KUCC) addressed this utilizing electronic health record (EHR) integration, developing a health system wide approach to education and delivery, and building referral workflows to primary care and specialists. We report on this approach to developing and growing a survivorship care program. Method(s): KUCC is a NCI designated cancer center within an academic medical center and health system, with 11 outpatient locations across the Kansas City. Under the guidance of a multidisciplinary team: providers, health care informatics, administrators, nursing, tumor registry, quality improvement, and researchers, KUCC developed a step-wise process to deliver comprehensive survivorship care across the health system. This multi-year initiative aligned with institutional accreditation standards and an ongoing focus on expanding evidence based, comprehensive cancer and supportive care. Result(s): In 2014 a formal survivorship program plan was put into action: Support from leadership, providers, research priority; Staff and patient survivorship education & training; Integrated delivery of survivorship care at all locations with direct interaction and feedback from cancer care teams; Short & long-term programmatic goals; Management and referral of late effects of cancer; EPIC integrated SCP template: auto-populated, customized, personalized; treatment summary uses tools that pull in data stored discreetly in the patient file; SCP delivery targeting COC phase-in timeline: 2015: n= 539 (10% projection n= 434); 2016: n= 1,355 (25% projection n=1,253). Conclusion(s): This step-wise, integrated approach to survivorship care has resulted in a health system wide delivery of SCPs and meeting national accreditation standards. Next steps include the evaluation of cost and clinical/patient reported outcomes.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","primary and secondary cancer care",2,38,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Kansas",101,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1493,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kansas City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1493,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaKansas City",1,1,0]
["Calhoun, D. and Matthews-Juarez, P.",2018,"Investing in public-private partnerships to address breast cancer disparities among African-American women (low-income) within a non-Medicaid ACA expansion state and Appalachian region","The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate how a national network can address breast cancer disparities among low socioeconomic status (SES) female populations by investing in local infrastructure, and innovative public-private partnerships in a state (non-Medicaid expansion) located within the Appalachian region. Public Health Significance: Medically underserved populations are more likely to be diagnosed with a late-stage disease (e.g., cancer). Breast cancer incidence and mortality rates continue to vary by race, ethnicity, age, and geography along with socioeconomic status factors (e.g., level of education, household income, health insurance coverage, etc.). Breast cancer mortality rates among women continue to remain higher in specific regions (including the Appalachian and Southern regions). Among women, African-American (Black) women possess the highest breast-cancer mortality rates. Moreover, studies have revealed that Memphis, Tennessee is one of the 25 largest cities in the United States characterized by racial disparities associated with high breast-cancer mortality rates among African-American (Black/non-Hispanic) women. In an effort to address breast cancer disparities through partnerships, capacity-building, and ultimately stronger community-clinical linkages, SelfMade Health Network (SMHN)'s multidimensional approach involves an investment in some regions disproportionately characterized by high rates of breast cancer incidence or mortality. SMHN is the most recent member of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Consortium of National Networks established to advance prevention efforts related to tobacco-related and cancer health disparities. With a specific focus on populations with low socioeconomic status (SES) characteristics, SMHN is jointly funded by the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC) and Office on Smoking and Health (OSH) and is intended to complement other CDC-funded chronic disease program activities. One example of SMHN's strategic approach to address breast cancer disparities (late-stage) among female adult populations with low SES characteristics included the establishment of a SMHN Regional Resource Lead Organization (RRLO) in a non-Medicaid expansion state located within the Appalachian region. One of the SMHN Regional Resource Lead Organizations (RRLOs) is Meharry Medical College located in Nashville, Tennessee. Description of Methods or Approaches: Meharry Medical College RRLO's approach involved increased local infrastructure, capacity, and coordination through the establishment of innovative partnerships coupled with the adoption of community-based interventions and utilization of data (e.g., Geographic Information System, etc.) as well as community engagement (including a series of focus groups and roundtables). It also involved coordination among several counties to address breast cancer disparities, specifically among low-income and low-resourced women (primarily African-American). Data Summary: As a result of adopting this multifaceted approach, more than 40 organizations representing a diverse array of organizations (e.g., Breast Cancer Survivor Group, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Goodwill Industries, Nashville Career College, Men's Health Network, etc.) and sectors (including public health partners) committed to the development of a Multiregional Community Outreach and Engagement Plan. In addition to establishing new public-private partnerships, the initial findings from Meharry Medical College RRLO's approach resulted in the development of proposed recommendations as well as the identification of gaps, opportunities, and challenges. Conclusion(s): The initial results from Meharry Medical College RRLO's approach can potentially serve as a foundation and pathway for how to transform multilevel strategies into future strategic planning efforts (culturally and geographically relevant) relative to breast cancer disparities along the cancer continuum.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Breast Cancer",2,12,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"Multiple",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1494,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1494,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1494,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Breyer, L.",2018,"Changing physician behaviour-what works? A snapshot of an intervention to improve monitoring and medical care for survivors and responders of the 9/11 terrorist attacks","Introduction and objectives After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, there was a demonstrated need to develop monitoring and treatment programs for responders and local community survivors of the events. Almost immediately, the Fire Department of the City of New York initiated a screening program for FDNY responders. The Medical Monitoring Treatment Program began to monitor law enforcement and general responders in the New York City area. The New York City Health and Hospitals group established a program for area workers, residents, and those who were in the dust or dust cloud on 9/11 - the group now referred to as 'survivors.' Methods At the onset of the Program, a comprehensive outreach and education strategy was created to reach potentially eligible 9/11 responders and survivors. A treatment Referral Program was established with the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, WTC Health Registry. These efforts proved successful in enrolling new members. However, a gap was identified in how information about the program and related health conditions were being disseminated to medical health professionals who were in a unique position to refer patients to the Program for care. To reach healthcare providers the Program contracted with WebMD-Medscape, a leading online source of information for the medical community and healthcare professionals. The goals of partnering with Medscape were: to increase provider awareness about WTC Health Program screening and treatment, provide training materials to external healthcare providers to ensure consistency and quality related to screening and treatment, incentivize the use of training materials by offering CME/CE credits through a free and easy to access system, and to archive WTC Health Program knowledge. Through the partnership with WebMD-Medscape the Program created five products: 1. After the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks: The World Trade Centre Health Program and Disaster Response 2. Health Risks Associated with 9/11 and the WTC Disaster: Lessons Learned 3. Advances in Screening and Treatment for WTC Responders and Survivors 4. Airway, Digestive, and Mental Health Comorbidities in WTC Responders and Survivors 5. Cancer in the WTC Health Program Results *Reached over almost 45 000 healthcare providers in 45 states, the District of Columbia, and non-continental US Territories *77% of learners who took the post-test indicated they will make a change in their practice and 50% of those indicated they were very committed to making this change. *On average, 22% of test takers said they plan to modify treatment plans, 19% will change their prevention practice, 12% will incorporate different diagnostic strategies and 10% will use alternative communication methods *On average 50% of the test takers are very committee to making the change and 32% were somewhat committed. Conclusions *Continuing education trainings are an effective tool for sharing research with healthcare providers. *The five CME/CE programs credited by the WTC Health Program reached a large number of healthcare providers and led to improved awareness and treatment for 9/11-related diseases.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Behviour change in physicians",2,0,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1495,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1495,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1495,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Winters, M., Branion-Calles, M., Therrien, S., Fuller, D., Gauvin, L., Whitehurst, D. G. T. and Nelson, T.",2018,"Impacts of Bicycle Infrastructure in Mid-Sized Cities (IBIMS): Protocol for a natural experiment study in three Canadian cities","Introduction Bicycling is promoted as a transportation and population health strategy globally. Yet bicycling has low uptake in North America (1%-2% of trips) compared with European bicycling cities (15%-40% of trips) and shows marked sex and age trends. Safety concerns due to collisions with motor vehicles are primary barriers. To attract the broader population to bicycling, many cities are making investments in bicycle infrastructure. These interventions hold promise for improving population health given the potential for increased physical activity and improved safety, but such outcomes have been largely unstudied. In 2016, the City of Victoria, Canada, committed to build a connected network of infrastructure that separates bicycles from motor vehicles, designed to attract people of all ages and abilities' to bicycling. This natural experiment study examines the impacts of the City of Victoria's investment in a bicycle network on active travel and safety outcomes. The specific objectives are to (1) estimate changes in active travel, perceived safety and bicycle safety incidents; (2) analyse spatial inequities in access to bicycle infrastructure and safety incidents; and (3) assess health-related economic benefits. Methods and analysis The study is in three Canadian cities (intervention: Victoria; comparison: Kelowna, Halifax). We will administer population-based surveys in 2016, 2018 and 2021 (1000 people/city). The primary outcome is the proportion of people reporting bicycling. Secondary outcomes are perceived safety and bicycle safety incidents. Spatial analyses will compare the distribution of bicycle infrastructure and bicycle safety incidents across neighbourhoods and across time. We will also calculate the economic benefits of bicycling using WHO's Health Economic Assessment Tool. Ethics and dissemination This study received approval from the Simon Fraser University Office of Research Ethics (study no. 2016s0401). Findings will be disseminated via a website, presentations to stakeholders, at academic conferences and through peer-reviewed journal articles. Copyright © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"bike lanes",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Victoria (canada)",253,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1496,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Victoria"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1496,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Canada"},"CanadaVictoria",2,1,0]
["Tapia, V., Carbajal, L., Vasquez, V., Espinoza, R., Vasquez-Velasquez, C., Steenland, K. and Gonzales, G. F.",2018,"Traffic regulation and environmental pollution by particulate material (2.5 and 10), sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide in Metropolitan Lima, Peru. [Spanish]","Objective. To assess the change in environmental levels of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2, after the application of a traffic regulation plan in Abancay Avenue between the years 2013-2015 vs. to 2007-2009, and comparing it against two other avenues, in which no traffic regulation was implemented: Guillermo de La Fuente Avenue in the district of Comas and Cesar Vallejo Avenue in El Agustino. Materials and Methods. Environmental data were collected by three air monitors from the Ministry of Health's Environmental Health and Food Safety General Directorate (Direccion General de Salud Ambiental e Inocuidad Alimentaria) that are part of the Air Quality Surveillance network of the city of Lima. The beta coefficient of the linear regression allowed to assess change in the concentration of each pollutant. Results. The traffic regulation plan of Abancay Av. reduced the levels of PM2.5 by 62%; 55% for PM10 levels; 65% for the NO2 levels, and 82% for the SO2 levels. In the other two avenues assess, this reduction was not observed. A significant reduction in PM2.5 (beta:-53.11 mug/m3; 95% CI:-63.92 to-42.30), PM10 (beta:-47.99 mug/m3; 95% CI:-62.61 to-33.37), NO2 (beta:-41.71 mug/ m3; 95% CI:-48.18 to-35.23), and SO2 (beta:-28.59 mug/m3; 95% CI:-35.23 to-21.95) was observed in Abancay Av., with respect to the other two avenues, after the traffic regulation plan was implemented. Conclusions. Traffic regulation can contribute to the continuous reduction of different air pollutants. The expansion of this measure could improve air quality and the health status of the residents of Lima. Copyright © 2018, Instituto Nacional de Salud. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"change to roads",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Lima",255,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1497,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Lima"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1497,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Peru"},"PeruLima",45,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1497,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},2]
["Murphy, J. M., Burch, T. E., Dickenson, A. J., Wong, J. and Moore, R.",2018,"An evidence-based oral health promotion programme: Lessons from Leicester","Objectives: To provide an overview and draw lessons from the establishment of a local oral health promotion programme for preschool children in Leicester, England (2013-2017). The article provides information on the strategic approach taken in Leicester, one of the most ethnically diverse cities in England, and also one of the most deprived. Over a third of children aged 3 years, and half of those aged 5 years, have experience of obvious dental decay. Method(s): A description of the evolution and development of the programme is provided along with commentary by the authors. This includes the origins, design and evaluation of the programme. Result(s): Progress so far has been promising. There has been a statistically significant 8% decrease in the proportion of 5-year-old children in Leicester with dental decay from 2011/2012 to 2014/2015. This will need to be sustained and further developed to deliver the 10% reduction required within the strategy. Conclusion(s): The successful implementation of a local oral health improvement programme in Leicester has required leadership to coordinate a multiagency partnership approach to embedding effective concepts and realising opportunities collaboratively. However, longer term sustainability remains a concern. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved","y",null,null,"Journal Article","dental",1,27,2,"education programme",1,null,0,0,0,"Leicester",111,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1498,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Leicester"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1498,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLeicester",3,3,3]
["Das, M., Elsey, H., Shawon, R. A., Hicks, J., Ferdoush, J., Huque, R., Fieroze, F., Nasreen, S., Wallace, H. and Mashreky, S. R.",2018,"Protocol to develop sustainable day care for children aged 1-4 years in disadvantaged urban communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh","Introduction Lack of safe, stimulating and health-promoting environments for children under-5 hinders their physical, social and cognitive development, known as early childhood development (ECD). Improving ECD impacts on children, and can improve educational attainment for girls, who often care for younger siblings, and employment prospects for mothers. Developing and evaluating the impacts of ECD programmes within childcare needs to assess a range of social, health, educational and economic impacts, including women's empowerment. Children living in slums are at high risk of poor early development and holistic, sustainable interventions are needed to address ECD in these contexts. This study will be undertaken in Dhaka, Bangladesh, a city where over 8.5 million inhabitants live in slums. In collaboration with government, non-governmental organisations and communities, we are developing and testing a sustainable day-care model for low-income communities in Dhaka. Methodology and analysis A sequential mixed methods approach is being used in the study, with qualitative work exploring quantitative findings. Two hundred households with children under-5 will be surveyed to determine day-care needs and to assess ECD (parent-reported and direct assessment). The feasibility of four ECD measuring tools Caregiver-Reported Early Development Index, Measuring Early Learning Quality and Outcomes, The Early Human Capability Index and International Development and Early Learning Assessment will be assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Qualitative methods will help understand demand and perceptions of day care while mothers work. Participatory action research will be used to develop a locally appropriate and potentially sustainable model of day care for under-5 children. A ward in the south of Dhaka has been selected for the study as this typifies communities with slum and non-slum households living next to each other, allowing us to explore potential for better-off household to subsidise day care for poorer households. Ethics and dissemination Findings will be published and inform decision makers at the national, regional and the local actors in order to embed the study into the policy and practice on childcare and ECD. Ethical approvals for this study were obtained from the School of Medicine Research Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Medicine and Health at the University of Leeds (ref: MREC16-106) and the Bangladesh Medical Research Council (ref: BMRCAIREC/20 I 6-20 I 9 I 250). Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Child development ",1,37,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"Dhaka",277,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1499,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Dhaka"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1499,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Bangladesh"},"BangladeshDhaka",68,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1499,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Alqarni, A. M., Vennu, V., Alshammari, S. A. and Bindawas, S. M.",2018,"Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the physical activity scale for the elderly among community-dwelling older adults in Saudi Arabia","Purpose: Older adults are the fastest growing population group worldwide. Regular physical activity (PA) is reported to reduce the risk of health conditions and improve personal well-being. Few validated instruments can be used to measure the PA levels among older adults in Saudi Arabia. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) is used worldwide for evaluating the PA levels of the elderly in epidemiological studies. However, this scale has not been translated into Arabic. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the PASE into Arabic language and evaluate its reliability and validity among community-dwelling older adults in Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional one following Beaton guidelines to translate and perform cultural adaptation, as well as test the reliability and validity of the PASE Arabic version (PASE-A). Elderly (N=74) people from both genders, who lived in a community dwelling in Riyadh city, were selected from several primary health care centers. The study used Cronbach's alpha coefficient to assess the internal consistency reliability, while intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC<inf>2,1</inf>) was used for test-retest reliability and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) was used to evaluate the correlation among PASE-A and grip strength, Timed Up and Go test, body mass index, and fat percentage. Result(s): Out of 74 older adults, 59 (79.7%) completed the PASE-A questionnaire twice. The internal consistency of the PASE-A components was good (Cronbach's alpha 0.70-0.75), and the reliability of the components was excellent (ICC<inf>2,1</inf> 0.90-0.98). A higher PASE-A score was associated with higher grip strength (r=0.28, p=0.05) and with shorter Timed Up and Go test times (r=-0.45, p=0.01). Conclusion(s): The PASE-A version was easy, understandable, and relevant for Saudi older adults' culture. This scale was a reliable and valid tool for evaluating and assessing the PA level among community-dwelling older adults in Saudi Arabia. Copyright © 2018 Alqarni et al.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Physical activity ",1,29,2,null,4,null,7,0,0,"rihayd",248,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1500,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Riyadh"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1500,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"saudi arabia"},"saudi arabiaRiyadh",49,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1500,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Stoove, M., Asselin, J., El-Hayek, C., Lewin, S., Allan, B., Hoy, J., Wright, E., Ruth, S., Mills, J., Carter, C., West, M., Manwaring, J., Fischer, A., Wilkinson, A., Guy, R., Donovan, B., Calendar, D., Higgins, N., Locke, P., Roth, N., Tee, B., Wilcox, J., Nguyen, L., Ryan, K. and Hellard, M.",2018,"HIV prevention in a Fast Track City: Trends in timedependent HIV cascade indicators among gay and bisexual men attending high HIV caseload testing services in Melbourne, Australia","Background: The Fast-Track Cities partnership focuses on translating global HIV goals into local strategies, with progress towards 90-90-90 targets used as key indicators. Melbourne is Australia's only Fast Track City and, alongside Amsterdam, has reported achieving 90-90- 90 targets. Sentinel surveillance in Melbourne also enables monitoring of individuals' progress through the HIV cascade, producing indicators highly sensitive to change. With 78% of HIV diagnoses in Melbourne occurring among gay and bisexual men (GBM), we present trends in HIV testing, diagnosis rates, and time to viral suppression among GBM attending three general practices specialising in GBM health and one GBM peer-led testing service in Melbourne. Method(s): HIV testing data was extracted from patient management systems through the Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS) between Jan 2012-Sep 2017. Using anonymised unique identifiers, ACCESS prospectively links data on individuals' clinic attendances and laboratory test results. We calculated annualised trends in repeat testing (follow-up tests within three, six and 12-months), HIV positivity, the proportion of GBM with undetectable viral loads (<200 copies/ml) within 12 months of diagnosis and median time between diagnosis and undetectable viral load. Result(s): 11,607 GBM received 47,722 HIV diagnostic tests between 2012 and 2017. There were significant increases in 12-month (56% to 63% p < 0.01), six-month (28% to 44% p < 0.001) and three-month (10% to 22% p < 0.001) repeat testing. Between 2012 and 2017, 292 GBM were newly diagnosed with HIV HIV positivity was 1.5% in 2012, peaked at 2.2% in 2014 then declined significantly to 0.4% in 2017 (p < 0.001). Among GBM newly diagnosed between 2012 and 2016, the percentage with undetectable viral loads (<200 copies/ml) within 12 months of diagnosis increased from 59% to 97% (p < 0.001) and the median time between diagnosis and undetectable viral load declined from 162 days to 50 days (p < 0.001). Conclusion(s): Considerable declines in time between HIV diagnosis and viral suppression among GBM attending specialist HIV testing services in Melbourne have coincided with substantial declines in HIV diagnosis rates at these services. The most recent declines in diagnoses also coincided with a substantial scale up of PrEP among GBM in 2016 to 2017 as part of a multi-site implementation project. (Figure Presented) .","y",null,null,"Journal Article","hiv",1,2,1,"fast track cities",1,"city dept",5,0,0,"melbourne",256,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1501,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"melbourne"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1501,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"australia"},"australiamelbourne",9,5,0]
["Burgess-Allen, J., Braithwaite, M. and Whiston, S.",2018,"Challenges associated with implementation of a school-based tooth-brushing and fluoride varnish programme in a diverse and transient urban population","Public health competencies being illustrated; Planning, delivery and evaluation of health improvement programmes, addressing health inequalities, awareness of cultural impacts on health and wellbeing. Smile4Life, a schools-based, evidence informed oral health promotion programme, was designed to address high levels of oral health need and inequality within a UK City. The aims of the pilot described were to test the feasibility of delivering the programme (supervised tooth-brushing, take home kits, educational resources and application of fluoride varnish) in six culturally diverse schools in disadvantaged neighbourhoods, and evaluate its impact on caries prevalence. High levels of participation were achieved (98% positive consent) however only 44% received more than one application of fluoride varnish. A reduction in decay prevalence and improved oral hygiene was observed. This paper examines the challenges faced in working with transient and culturally diverse population groups, working effectively with schools to deliver an effective intervention for this population, and in responding effectively across agencies to address safeguarding concerns. Copyright© 2018 Dennis Barber Ltd.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Dental",1,27,2,null,7,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1502,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1502,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",15,3,2]
["Breeze, P., Womack, R., Pryce, R., Brennan, A. and Goyder, E.",2018,"The impact of a local sugar sweetened beverage health promotion and price increase on sales in public leisure centre facilities","Background We aimed to evaluate the impact of a local sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) health promotion and 20p price increase in leisure centre venues and estimate the impact on consumption. Method Monthly cold drinks sales data and attendance at leisure centres across the city of Sheffield were analysed over the period January 2015-July 2017. Interrupted time-series methods were employed to estimate changes in consumption per attendance of SSB and non-SSB cold drinks following the introduction of the SSB policy from August 2016 adjusting for seasonal variation and autocorrelation. SSB price elasticities were estimated with fixed effects log-log models by SSB product type (soda can, soda bottle, soda post mix, energy drinks, juice from concentrate). Findings We estimated a 31% (95% CI 4%, 59%) reduction in units of SSB sold per attendance in the year since the policy was introduced. We did not observe substitution effects to fruit juice or water but found sales of other artificially sweetened non-SSB products increased by 27% (95% CI 6%, 47%) after the introduction of the tax. Price elasticity analysis identified that a 1% increase in price alongside health promotion leads to a 3.8% (95% CI 3.1% 4.4%) decrease in demand for SSB's. Price elasticity of demand was highest for child friendly and high caffeine energy drinks. Interpretation Demand for SSB drinks at leisure centre venues is highly responsive to the policy, particularly for child-friendly and high caffeine energy drinks, compared with other SSB tax policy evaluations. The policy also increased purchases of carbonated non-SSB. Copyright © 2018 Breeze et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Sugar",1,28,2,null,2,null,6,0,0,"Sheffield",193,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1503,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sheffield"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1503,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandSheffield",3,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1503,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},1]
["Bates, D. W., Heitmueller, A., Kakad, M. and Saria, S.",2018,"Why policymakers should care about \"big data\" in healthcare","The term \"big data\" has gotten increasing popular attention, and there is growing focus on how such data can be used to measure and improve health and healthcare. Analytic techniques for extracting information from these data have grown vastly more powerful, and they are now broadly available. But for these approaches to be most useful, large amounts of data must be available, and barriers to use should be low. We discuss how \"smart cities\" are beginning to invest in this area to improve the health of their populations; provide examples around model approaches for making large quantities of data available to researchers and clinicians among other stakeholders; discuss the current state of big data approaches to improve clinical care including specific examples, and then discuss some of the policy issues around and examples of successful regulatory approaches, including deidentification and privacy protection. Copyright © 2018 Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Big data ",1,35,2,null,4,null,7,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1504,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1504,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1504,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Kim, Y., Byon, Y. J. and Yeo, H.",2018,"Enhancing healthcare accessibility measurements using GIS: A case study in Seoul, Korea","With recent aging demographic trends, the needs for enhancing geo-spatial analysis capabilities and monitoring the status of accessibilities of its citizens with healthcare services have increased. The accessibility to healthcare is determined not only by geographic distances to service locations, but also includes travel time, available modes of transportation, and departure time. Having access to the latest and accurate information regarding the healthcare accessibility allows the municipal government to plan for improvements, including expansion of healthcare infrastructure, effective labor distribution, alternative healthcare options for the regions with low accessibilities, and redesigning the public transportation routes and schedules. This paper proposes a new method named, Seoul Enhanced 2-Step Floating Catchment Area (SE2SFCA), which is customized for the city of Seoul, where population density is higher and the average distance between healthcare-service locations tends to be shorter than the typical North American or European cities. The proposed method of SE2SFCA is found to be realistic and effective in determining the weak accessibility regions. It resolves the over-estimation issues of the past, arising from the assignment of high healthcare accessibility for the regions with large hospitals and high density of population and hospitals. Copyright © 2018 Kim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","healthcare accessiblity",2,40,2,"healtcare planning",3,null,3,0,0,"seoul",201,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1505,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Seoul"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1505,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Korea, South"},"Korea, SouthSeoul",63,4,0]
["Ursua, R. A., Aguilar, D. E., Wyatt, L. C., Trinh-Shevrin, C., Gamboa, L., Valdellon, P., Perrella, E. G., Dimaporo, M. Z., Nur, P. Q., Tandon, S. D. and Islam, N. S.",2018,"A community health worker intervention to improve blood pressure among Filipino Americans with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial","Behavioral interventions utilizing community health workers (CHWs) have demonstrated effectiveness in improving hypertension disparities in ethnic minority populations in the United States, but few have focused on Asian Americans. We assessed the efficacy of a CHW intervention to improve hypertension management among Filipino Americans with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) in New York City (NYC) from 2011 to 2013. A total of 240 Filipino American individuals (112 in the treatment group and 128 in the control group) with uncontrolled hypertension (SBP >= 140 mmHg and/or DBP >= 90 mmHg) were recruited from community-based settings in NYC. Using a community-based participatory research approach, treatment participants received 4 educational workshops and 4 one-on-one visits with CHWs over a 4-month period, while control group participants received 1 educational workshop. Main outcome measures included BP control, changes in SBP and DBP, and changes in appointment keeping at 8-months. At 8-months, BP was controlled among a significantly greater percentage of treatment group participants (83.3%) compared to the control group (42.7%). The adjusted odds of controlled BP for the treatment group was 3.2 times the odds of the control group (P < 0.001). Both groups showed decreases in SBP and DBP, with greater decreases among treatment participants. Significant between-group differences were also demonstrated in adjusted analyses (P < 0.001). Individuals in the treatment group showed significant changes in appointment keeping. In conclusion, a community-based intervention delivered by CHWs can help improve BP and related factors among Filipino Americans with hypertension in NYC. Copyright © 2018 The Authors","y",null,null,"Journal Article","hgigh blood pressure",1,4,2,"behavioural intervention",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1506,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1506,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,2]
["Islam, N. S., Wyatt, L. C., Taher, M. D., Riley, L., Tandon, S. D., Tanner, M., Mukherji, B. R. and Trinh-Shevrin, C.",2018,"A culturally tailored community health worker intervention leads to improvement in patient-centered outcomes for immigrant patients with type 2 diabetes","This article reports results from a patient-centered intervention to improve management of type 2 diabetes in the New York City Bangladeshi community. The DREAM (Diabetes Research, Education, and Action for Minorities) intervention is a randomized trial among Bangladeshi immigrants with type 2 diabetes comparing those enrolled in a community health worker (CHW) intervention to those in usual care. Participants in the intervention group received five group-based educational sessions and two one-on-one visits delivered by a trained CHW, whereas those in the control group received only the first group educational session. Main outcomes include changes in A1C, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, weight, BMI, and patient-centered outcomes such as knowledge and behavior related to type 2 diabetes management. Copyright © 2018 by the American Diabetes Association.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Diabetes",1,9,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1507,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1507,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1507,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},2]
["Yasir, M. K., Hasson, A. J. and Abed, A. H.",2018,"Evaluation of early detection program of bronchial asthma in primary health centers of Al-Nasiriyah city/ 2016","One of the main important public health objectives is the prevention of childhood asthma. Evaluating the effectiveness of early detection of childhood asthmatic symptoms, followed by a counseling intervention at preventive child health centers is the corn stone of this study. Early detection and counseling is expected to reduce the prevalence of asthma symptoms and improve health quality in general. This study aimed to evaluate the early detection program of asthma through structure or preconditions of early detection program of asthma, process to be carried out to deliver this program, outcome (Intermediate and ultimate indicators) and lastly opinion of consumers and providers. Evaluation type of study had been conducted all over the 2016. Nine health care centers were involved since the 1<sup>st</sup> week of January 2016, where an early detection tool had been applied at age groups 1, 2-5, 6 and more than 6 years at the intervention centers. Children who met the intervention criteria received counseling intervention (personal advice to parents to prevent the child from exposure to smoking, and/or referral to the general practitioner or asthma nurse). The primary outcome was asthma diagnosis at age 6 years. Secondary outcomes included frequency and severity of asthma symptoms, health-related quality of life at age 6 years. Analysis was done according to the intention-to-treat principle. Data collection was completed at the 1<sup>st</sup> of November 2016. Evaluation of the present input, process of PHC for early detection program resulted in: Providing most of the human resources in terms of laboratory assistants and coordinators of the program. Providing most of the material resources such as pressure gauges, medical handset and scales and tape measure height and waist needed to work in the laboratory with the availability of a suitable place for the work program staff to do their job and appliances. The percentage for input was 60% for all PHCs. While regarding consumer satisfaction: Most of consumer are highly satisfied 149 (80.1%) while not satisfied only 8 (4.3%) and high numbers gave the reason due to good services 97 (52.5%) and no comments 71 (38.2%). Regarding the proportion of the detected cases for different non communicable diseases was 44.1% of the whole population that have alarming sign and symptoms of NCD. The lack of doctors of all spatiality (GP, graduted doctors and specialist), lack of some essential tools, following wrong guidelines for this program by general health department by abolishment many ministerial guidelines, human mistakes and lack of training of staff of program, there no feedback mechanism for referral patient from hospital to PHC, lack of some treatment and investigations and some services not free. Copyright © 2018, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","ashma",1,5,2,"education and counselling",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Al-Nasiriyah city",266,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1508,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"An Nasiriyah"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1508,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"iraq"},"iraqAn Nasiriyah",73,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1508,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Cheadle, A., Atiedu, A., Rauzon, S., Schwartz, P. M., Keene, L., Davoudi, M., Spring, R., Molina, M., Lee, L., Boyle, K., Williamson, D., Steimberg, C., Tinajero, R., Ravel, J., Nudelman, J., Azuma, A. M., Kuo, E. S. and Solomon, L.",2018,"A Community-Level Initiative to Prevent Obesity: Results From Kaiser Permanente's Healthy Eating Active Living Zones Initiative in California","Introduction: A growing number of health systems are leading health promotion efforts in their wider communities. What impact are these efforts having on health behaviors and ultimately health status? This paper presents evaluation results from the place-based Kaiser Permanente Healthy Eating Active Living Zones obesity prevention initiative, implemented in 2011-2015 in 12 low-income communities in Kaiser Permanente's Northern and Southern California Regions. Methods: The Healthy Eating Active Living Zones design targeted places and people through policy, environmental, and programmatic strategies. Each Healthy Eating Active Living Zone is a small, low-income community of 10,000 to 20,000 residents with high obesity rates and other health disparities. Community coalitions planned and implemented strategies in each community. A population-dose approach and pre and post surveys were used to assess impact of policy, program, and environmental change strategies; the analysis was conducted in 2016. Population dose is the product of reach (number of people affected by a strategy divided by target population size) and strength (the effect size or relative change in behavior for each person exposed to the strategy). Results: More than 230 community change strategies were implemented over 3 years, encompassing policy, environmental, and programmatic changes as well as efforts to build community capacity to sustain strategies and make changes in the future. Positive population-level results were seen for higher-dose strategies, particularly those targeting youth physical activity. Higher-dose strategies were more likely to be found in communities with the longest duration of investment. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that strong (high-dose), community-based obesity prevention strategies can lead to improved health behaviors, particularly among youth in school settings. Supplement information: This article is part of a supplement entitled Building Thriving Communities Through Comprehensive Community Health Initiatives, which is sponsored by Kaiser Permanente, Community Health. Copyright © 2018 American Journal of Preventive Medicine","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Health promotion ",1,0,2,null,7,null,1,0,0,"California",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1509,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1509,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1509,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Alimohammadi, A., Holeksa, J., Truong, D. and Conway, B.",2018,"Using rapid point of care HCV testing to engage marginalized inner city populations","Introduction: It has been shown that people who inject drugs (PWID) are disproportionately disengaged from healthcare and constitute the majority of prevalent and incident HCV infections in Canada. To achieve the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate HCV infection by 2030, there is a need to design innovative approaches to link PWID to care. This approach may include the use of novel testing methods to engage this highly vulnerable population. Methods: Participants were recruited at community pop-up clinics (CPCs) held at various inner-city community centres. These data were gathered between Aug 2016-2017. At the CPC event, OraQuick HCV Rapid Antibody point-of-care testing was offered (OraSure Technologies Inc., Bethlehem, PA, USA, sensitivity and specificity >97%). Participants identified as HCV+ were provided immediate consultation with a physician and further engaged in care in a multidisciplinary setting to address their physical, psychological, social, and addiction-related needs. Participation was incentivized with a $10 gift card. Results:-: In a 12-month period, 1283 OraQuick tests were performed at 44 CPCs (median of 29 tests per CPC). Mean age was 49 years old, 71% were male, 34% self-identified as Indigenous, 28% were homeless, and 73% self-reported as PWID. 21% were found to be HCV antibody positive, 68% of which were PWID. 76% chose to consult with the on-site infectious diseases specialist, excluding those patients already engaged in care elsewhere (20%), out of a total of 166 individuals who were consulted and disengaged from care, 50% were successfully engaged in care at our centre. Homelessness was found to be a significant factor in non-engagement. (p = 0.00). 51 individuals have initiated interferon-free DAA HCV therapy, 33 have reached a timepoint for SVR to be evaluable, and 28 have achieved SVR. Conclusion: In our community, the CPC model appears to be a useful tool for the diagnosis of HCV infection among PWID, engagement in multidisciplinary care, and subsequent provision of successful HCV treatment. This portable and targeted intervention can be readily adapted to local needs. The use of on-site rapid antibody tests such as the OraQuick test are essential to this model. Ongoing research will help design optimal strategies to further improve the cascade of care in this key group of \"core transmitters\".","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HCV infection ",2,6,1,null,3,null,3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1510,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1510,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1510,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Birchwood, M.",2018,"Youth space and youth mental health","Background.- Services to young people in the city of Birmingham have been transformed from a traditional CAMHS-AMS framework to a 0-25 framework with an early intervention ethos. This includes collaboration with schools in the early detection of emerging mental health problems, including the subject of this presentation: emergent eating disorders. It is known that long duration of untreated eating disorders, leads to a low recovery rate such that those with an eating disorder over 10 years duration have a very low chance of LT recovery. This study aims to identify the earliest stages of emergent eating disorders in adolescence and to predict early transition. Research questions.- (1) What is the period prevalence of partial or full ED in 13/14 year olds? (2) How many incident cases are there? (3) Can we predict transition to these incident cases? Method.- Over 600 school students age 13-14 years were followedup for 2 years in 4 6-monthly waves, using computer aided data collection. We used the Eating Disorder Examination (self-report) EDE-Q(Fairburn, Cooper, and O'Connor, 2008), a widely used validated measure together with measures of affective dysregulation, self-esteem and BMI. Results.- The two year period prevalence of partial ED syndromes in 13/14 year olds was 15%. During this period 8% transitioned to de novo partial ED syndromes. The best predictor of transition was raised level of eating/weight concerns on EDQ. Within the EDQ, moderate or severe dieting raises risk of transition to ED by factor of 10 and 23 respectively. Using a ROC curve it was found that and EDQ value of >2.9 best predicted transition. Conclusion.- Using relatively non-intrusive screening in schools the earliest stages of eating disorders could be identified including those with prodromal features including moderate or severe dieting. The results justify an early intervention approach to screening and early intervention as a realistic method of preventing the early entrenchment of eating disorders in young people. We are now developing an early intervention trial.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","CAMHS",1,25,2,null,3,null,7,0,0,"Birmingham",18,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1511,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Birmingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1511,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandBirmingham",3,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1511,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},1]
["Davison, R.",2018,"The 'Can Cook' intervention","Introduction: Since 2008 the UK economy has been challenged by austere economic output which has produced a massive reduction in welfare benefits, stagnating workforce wages, reduced public services and increased food prices. Politically Neo-Liberal in its design, the results of austerity mean that deprived communities are now places that host levels of poverty not seen for decades; places where peoples access to food and the mechanisms of good diet have been stripped away. These circumstances of decline have been rapid and for those communities affected the response is based on a food aid system that circulates only ultra-processed foodstuffs that could accurately be branded a system of poor-food-for-poor-people. Methods: Responding to the conditions food poverty and the system of poor-food-for-poor-people, Can Cook a food enterprise based in Liverpool (UK) have undertaken 5 years of research and delivery including facilitating 3 conferences and a review of international food aid systems with a particular focus on North America. These methods engaged over 165 frontline organisations as well as teaching over 10,000 people to cook and distributing over 35,000 free fresh meals to people in food poverty. All of the methods were/are predicated on finding a solution to hunger and in particular establishing good food services in deprived areas. Results: Practitioner led, the intervention discussed will demonstrate how after 5 years researching and a further 5 years of working in deprived areas, Can Cook is now in a position to roll out an innovative/viable solution called Good Food Areas (GFA). GFA contains solutions to poor-diet and a linked solution to food poverty. The delivery elements of GFA already exist with deprived communities. What GFA will do is arrange and improve these elements to ensure only good food is distributed. GFA is a solution that could be scaled up to improve diets and wellbeing in any inner-city area. Conclusion: Without a move towards good food solutions for people of low or no economic standing. In the UK, a public health crisis will blight communities and have a severe impact on the prospects of future generations. GFA's has the potential to add significant social and economic benefits and establish good food options in every tier of community based food delivery; improving diets and stopping food poverty.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Food poverty ",1,4,2,null,2,null,5,0,0,"Liverpool",112,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1512,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Liverpool"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1512,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLiverpool",3,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1512,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Benabdouallah, M., Bojji, C. and Yaakoubi, O. E.",2018,"Sector prioritisation in Rabat region for emergency management","Setting priorities of sectors in an emergency intervention is an important unit to improve the healthcare management of a city. The goal of this paper is to prioritise sectors in Rabat region of Morocco when two or more emergency calls are received in call centres of hospitals using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). This prioritisation is based on social, demographic and proximity criteria that lead to rank the 10 sectors of the region. The paper shows that the proposed AHP methodology is consistent and allows a real ranking of Rabat sectors. Copyright © 2018 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Emergency Care ",2,23,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"Rabat",313,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1513,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"rabat"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1513,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Morocco"},"Moroccorabat",76,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1513,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":6},0]
["Chodos, A. H., Neumann, A. V., Rad-Cliffe, K., Anderson, J., Frazier, R., Aronson, L., Walter, L., Myers, J. and Rivera, J.",2018,"Successful implementation of \"five keys to older adult health\" curriculum in primary care and community services","Needs and Objectives: The San Francisco' s Optimizing Aging Collaborative (OAC), a Geriatrics Workforce Enhancement Program, seeks to \"geriatricize\" our city through education to improve capacity for geriatrics primary care and social services. Medical and social service providers who were part of the OAC developed and delivered the \"Five Keys\" training curriculum on topics in older adult health and which included: cognition, mental health, safety, independence, and decision making. Our objectives were: 1) to improve geriatrics knowledge through Five Keys trainings in medical and social service providers and in older people, and 2) to evaluate our training program for successful products and integration of geriatrics training. Setting and Participants: Trainees were social service providers, practicing primary care teams, health professional trainees, and lay persons in an Urban area. Description: Over 27 months in 2015 to 2018, the OAC delivered 129 trainings to laypersons, social service providers, and practicing primary care teams (n=2720), and 261 trainings to health professionals in clinical training programs (n=156). The trainings varied in scope from a focus on one Key per training to more than one per training. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to guide a comprehensive evaluation, which included: 1) retrospective pre-post knowledge improvement among all trainees and commitment to practice change surveys among a sub-group of trainees; 2) factors affecting success of implementation of the Five Keys program through surveys of the OAC's members; and 3) compiling a complete list of training materials produced. Evaluation: 1) Knowledge improvement: For all keys combined, trainees' knowledge improved on average 0.9 points (scale 1-5). A subgroup (n=58) who received training in the Cognition key were surveyed about practice change at 6 months, and 12 (21%) reported that they implemented changes. 2) Success of Implementation: OAC medical and social service providers reported factors positively affecting implementation: relevance of trainings, support for community-based organizations to participate in trainings, and a supportive academic-community partnership. Negative factors cited included: high turnover of social-services staff and specific content gaps (e.g. self-care). 3) Productivity: In addition to the trainings delivered, we developed the following training materials: 20 Five Keys training modules, a Medicare Annual Wellness Visit residency curriculum, 3 tip sheets for working with vulnerable elders, and a freely available on-line resource hub for providers and for laypersons as well as an intra-net hub for primary care providers in one medical system. Discussion/Reflection/Lessons Learned: A training program to integrate geriatrics into the community and primary health care increased geriatrics knowledge, developed new trainings and resources, and had factors that supported members' participation in the collaborative and its success in geriatricizing our city. Online Resource URL (Optional): optimizingaging.org.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Older adult health ",1,0,2,null,1,null,2,0,0,"SanFrancisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1514,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1514,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1514,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Stevens, D. L., Cobbs, R., Cadet, R., Hernandez, E. and Capponi, L. J.",2018,"Improving hypertension controlin a safety net system: The treat to target program","Background: Hypertension (HTN) has a lifetime prevalence of 29%. The HTN control rate in the US has remained flat at 53%. Sustainable, scalable strategies are needed to reduce associated death, suffering and health care costs. New York City Health+Hospitals, a safety net provider with 11 hospital-based practices and 6 ambulatory centers, employs a registry to track HTN control system-wide with over 100,000 active patients. Locally-driven efforts across our system were not achieving sustained improvement. In January 2012, system-wide control rate was 43.2% (defined as a blood pressure [BP] reading of < 140/90 recorded within 6 months, which is more stringent than the national norm of 12 months). We sought to leverage our electronic registry and a team-based approach to improve performance across our system. Methods: We implemented: 1. Feedback to Facility Leadership and Primary Care Teams: Each of our 17 ambulatory sites received a monthly HTN report with unblinded comparison of all sites. Sites also received an unblinded report comparing HTN control for each of that facility's primary care provider (PCP)'s panels. 2. Treat to Target Pathway: each site was coached on implementation of a pathway centering on registered nurse (RN)-delivered adherence counseling and self-management support including a home blood-pressure monitor. Patients were asked to return every 2 weeks for a BP check and self-management support until the patient's BP remained controlled at 2 subsequent contacts, the second of which could be by telephone. The RN facilitated medication titration in concert with the PCP when needed. Results: By September 2014, the system-wide HTN control rate increased from 43.2% to 48.8%. The mean practice control improved from 43.8% to 49.8% (p< 0.01). 11 of 17 (65%) of practices improved by atleast 5 points, with a mean improvement in this group of 9.1 points +/- 4.4. The remaining 6 practices improved less than 4 points (mean improvement 0.9+/- 0.4). Superstorm Sandy had a clear impact early on, shutting down 3 of the 17 sites and straining the entire system for several months. Conclusions: A system-wide intervention consisting of monthly unblinded feedback at the practice and provider level combined with implementation of the Treat to Target Pathway led to gradual, sustained improvements over 21 months with over 5000 additional unique patients achieving HTN control. [Figure Presented].","y",null,null,"Journal Article","hypertension",2,4,2,"service reform",3,null,3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1515,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1515,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Clarke, A., Pauli, H., Glenn, L., Smolen, J. R., Alexander, M. and Jain, S.",2018,"Rise in EHR-based depression screening rates among new york city primary care practices from 2014 to 2017: Implications for integrated care delivery models and value-based care","Background: Depression affects nearly 8% of the US population and is often comorbid with chronic physical conditions. Behavioral health integration in primary care has been proposed as a means to improve physical health outcomes. Depression screening is akey aspect of integrating behavioral health in primary care settings. The association between depression screening rates and practice type or Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) recognition status across primary care practices in New York City (NYC) has not been previously reported. Methods: We used data from the Hub Population Health system, derived from the electronic health records (EHRs) of practices in NYC that use the eClinicalWorks system, to measure depression screening rates from January 2014 to October 2017. Analysis was limited to adult primary care practices seeing at least 50 patients per month and returning data for all 46 months. The screening rate consisted of patients aged 18-100 in a given month who were screened for depression anytime in the previous 12 months, out of patients aged 18-100 who visited the practice in that month. Depression screening was based on the practice's recording of a Patient Health Questionnaire-2 or-9 result, thus not capturing screening that may have occurred but was not documented in the EHR using a structured field. Rates of screening were stratified by practice type (independent vs. community health center, or CHC) and whether a practice had ever received PCMH recognition. A paired t-test was used to assess the difference in mean screening rates in January 2014 and October 2017. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon testing was used to assess the difference in median screening rates by practice characteristics in October 2017. Results: Of 522 eligible practices, 104 met the inclusion criteria. Screening rates ranged from 0 to 100% across practices. From January 2014 to October 2017, the overall depression screening rate increased from 32.5% to 67.2%. There was a significant increase in the proportion of patients screened for depression from January 2014 to October 2017, (p<.0001). The median screening rate among the 56 practices with prior PCMH recognition in October 2017 was significantly higher than the 48 practices without prior recognition (76.4% vs. 23.9%; p<.0001). The median screening rate did not significantly differ between CHCs (69.3%) and independent practices (66.8%) overall. Conclusions: Depression screening has increased dramatically in New York City primary care practices; the largest gains were seen among practices with prior PCMH recognition. Successful implementation of a structured inte-grated care delivery model such as PCMH may be a catalyst for EHR-based depression screening in primary care settings, which can help identify patients who may be candidates for care management, behavioral health and medication adherence counseling, and other chronic disease prevention interventions.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Depression screening ",1,25,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1516,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1516,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1516,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Chhabra, M., Demuynck, S., Spector, E., Buckley, L., Wiest, D. and Shea, J. A.",2018,"From loneliness to solitude: The impact of housing for high utilizers of care in camden, NJ","Background: Individuals experiencing homelessness have high rates of health care service utilization and spending. While Housing First (HF) programs improve housing stability and quality of life, there is little evidence of their impact on health outcomes for chronic conditions and substance use disorders (SUD), other than alcohol use (AUD). Further, individuals face challenges integrating into new communities due to lack of social support when receiving housing through HF. Cost savings for HF has been greatest amongst the highest utilizers of care.InNovember 2015, the Camden Coalition of Healthcare Providers launched a HF program in Camden, NJ for patients who met the HUD definition of chronic homelessness and were high utilizers of care (> =3 ED visits in the past 6 months and > =2 chronic health conditions). Clients were approached using a health information exchange for Camden City, and were placed in scattered site housing with optional case management throughout Camden County. The primary aim of this study was to examine client perspectives on the impact of HF on their health status, relationships and social support, and attitudes toward substance use and recovery. Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with HF clients in their homes or day program sites. The study employed a modified grounded theory approach and constant comparative method for analyzing qualitative data. Interviews concluded once thematic saturation was reached. Results: 25 interviews were conducted between March and July 2017 (11 female, 2 Spanish speaking). 16 identified an active SUD at time of entry into the program (13 with opioid use disorders, 5 AUD). Housing impacted clients' physical and emotional stability by providing greater control over their environment and development of routines. This affected self-management of health conditions and engagement with treatment, particularly for those with SUD. Clients reported less frequently delaying care and using emergency services. A key factor for clients with SUD was moving away from environments that provide temptations to use, as well care management services that helped navigate the medical system to enter treatment. Prior to HF, clients described social isolation, and rarely could identify a person in case of emergency. For many, care management became a source of social support. Others found the stability provided by housing, and particularly their sobriety, as important criteria for reestablishing relationships with friends and family. Conclusions: Our study highlights the transition to housing as providing constancy and stability for chronically homeless individuals who are high utilizers of care. These elements enable self-management and treatment of health conditions and help reestablish social relationships. Care teams play a key role in HF programs, and their quality may play a large role in impacting social integration and health outcomes for specific groups of patients, particularly those with substance use disorders.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Homeless health",1,0,2,null,2,null,7,0,0,"New Jersey ",304,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1517,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New Jersey"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1517,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USANew Jersey",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1517,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Ding, J., Muckle, W., Skinner, C. and Turnbull, J.",2018,"Neurons on wheels (NOW)-bringing neurologists into shelters for better patient care","Objective: Our goal is to improve neurological care for Ottawa's homeless patients. We aim to reduce barriers to accessing neurology care by bringing neurologists to the shelters. We hope to prevent unnecessary medical deterioration, presentations to the emergency room and/or hospital admissions. Background: Many homeless people have complex neurologic conditions. There are multiple barriers to accessing outpatient neurological care including stigma, lack of contact information or transportation, intoxication and inability to navigate the system. As a result, medical attention is sought out only after significant medical deterioration, which results in prolonged hospital admissions with increased morbidity and mortality. Once discharged, they are almost always lost to follow up, until the cycle repeats itself. The Ottawa Inner City Health Inc follows these patients within the shelter system. They provide accessible primary health care and administer medications in the shelters. However, specialist such as neurologists are still hospital based and there remains a gap to access to neurologic care for these patients. Design/Methods: Through working closely with Ottawa Inner City Health Inc, we have established monthly neurology consultation service that works within the shelters since November 2015. Results: To date we have seen 34 patients, 74% were male. The average age overall was 55, with males being slightly older (57) than females (51). Treatment plan changed for 94% after the consultation. The top three reasons for referral were seizures, movement disorder and falls. The top diagnoses were focal seizures, essential tremor and cerebellar degeneration. 91% of seizures were focal seizures due to previous TBI which respond well to AEDs. Two patients had Wernicke's encephalopathy despite daily Thiamine 100mg. Conclusions: Neurologists can improve care for homeless patients with infrequent shelter visits to assist primary care providers through consultations. Focal seizures in this populations should be treated and Thiamine 100mg daily may be insufficient to prevent Wernicke's Encephalopathy.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Neurolgical care",2,39,2,null,2,null,3,0,0,"Ottawa",307,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1518,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Ottawa"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1518,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaOttawa",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1518,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Akiyama, M., Macdonald, R., Jordan, A., Columbus, D., Schwartz, J., Litwin, A., Eckhardt, B. and Carmody, E.",2018,"Linkage to HCV care and reincarceration following release from New York City jails","Background and Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an international public health problem in correctional settings. HCV treatment is often not possible in US jails due to short lengths of stay. Linkage to care (LTC) is crucial in these settings, but competing priorities complicate post-release LTC. Reincarceration is also a common outcome following release; however, its impact on LTC for HCV is lesser known. We present rates of linkage, reincarceration, and other barriers to HCV care associated with a care coordination program (CCP) for patients with HCV following release from New York City jails. Method: We conducted a one-armed clinical trial to assess rates of linkage associated with the CCP. The CCP consists of a needs assessment, discharge planning by jail-based transitional care coordinators, HCV education, appointment scheduling, reminder calls, and appointment accompaniment by a community patient navigator after reentry. Enrolment in the CCP began 5/16/15, was complete 4/14/2017, and follow-up is ongoing. We determined predictors of linkage using the Addiction Severity Index at enrolment. Statistical significance was determined using Fisher's exact tests.We used the EventFlowdata visualization tool to visually inspect the data and identify relevant temporal event sequences. Results: Among 100 eligible participants, the mean age was 45 (SD 13); 59 were male, 52 were Hispanic, 23 were non-Hispanic (NH) white,19wereNHblack, 6were other. In terms of disposition, 88 have been released to the community, 4 initiated HCV treatment prior to release, 1 is pending release, 7 are in state prison. Of those released, 35 (40%) were reincarcerated >=1 time within 1 year of release. Reincarceration was the initial event for 31 (36%) within a median of 109 days. 26 (30%) participants have linked to HCV care within a median of 25 days, 16 (18%) of whom have initiated HCV treatment, and 35 (38%) have been lost to follow up. Having an existing primary care provider (p = 0.05), being on methadone (p = 0.01), and feeling supported socially (0.03) prior to incarceration were all associated with LTC. Conclusion: These data provide preliminary evidence that an integrated community-based CCP with jail-based transitional care coordinators may be effective in improving timely LTC. Despite encouraging linkage rates, additional multicomponent interventions aimed at intervening on cycles of reincarceration and increasing social support, linkage to primary care, and opioid agonist therapy could lead to improvement in linkage to HCV care.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Hepatitis C",2,6,1,null,3,null,3,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1519,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1519,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1519,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Kageyama, S.",2018,"Audit referral system for secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease: Shizuoka ischemic heart registry","Background: Secondary prevention for ischemic heart disease (IHD) is inconspicuous but important part in health care. Methods: IHD patient registry was established in 2009 to connect cardiologists in the hospital and more than 200 general practitioners in Shizuoka city. To audit the treatment of general practitioners, we adopted a circulation type cooperative form. Target values of risk factors are as follows; low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration less than 100 mg/dl, HbA1c in diabetic patients less than 6.9%, systolic blood pressure (SBP) less than 130mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) less than 80mmHg. General practitioners are required to introduce registered patients at least once a year. Median follow-up interval for the surviving patients was 2136 days (interquartile range, 1990-2672 days). Results: We could follow 985 patients who were registered from May 2009 to August 2012. Mean age was 76.4+/-10.5 years old, and 76.4% of them was male. We could also obtain the data of risk factor control at baseline, in 2014, and in 2016. Average LDL-C signifcantly decreased over time; 93+/-28.5, 88.2+/-23.7, and 87.1+/-27.5mg/dl (p=0.006 vs baseline) respectively. HbA1c control in diabetic patients showed V shape trend; 7.04+/-0.99, 6.48+/-0.94 (p<0.001 vs baseline), and 6.79+/-0.85% (p=0.945 vs baseline) respectively. Blood pressure signifcantly rose over time both in SBP and DBP; 126.6+/-17.5/69.5+/-12.6, 128.4+/-17.8/70.1+/-12.4, and 132.7+/-16.3/74.8+/-12mmHg (p<0.001 vs baseline) respectively. The rate of patients who were well controlled in all risk factors was 8.9% at the baseline and both data in 2014 (31.9%, p<0.001) and in 2016 (22.1%, p<0.001) signifcantly improved from baseline.Cumulative incidence of all cause death was 11.6%, cardiac death was 1.6%, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event was 13.1%. Cumulative incidence of major bleeding was 2.6% (intracranial hemorrhage 1.1%). Conclusion: Our unique referral system contributed to improve risk factor control and resulted better prognosis to the same extent as the optimal medication treatment group of recent large-scale clinical trials conducted by cardiology experts.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Ischaemic Heart Disease",1,19,2,null,4,null,1,0,0,"Shizuoka",321,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1520,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shizuoka"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1520,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Japan"},"JapanShizuoka",35,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1520,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Blank, S., Borges, C. M., Castro, M. A., Jamison, K., Winters, J., Mikati, T., Myers, J. and Daskalakis, D. C.",2018,"Getting a jump on HIV: Expedited ARV treatment at NYC sexual health clinics, 2017","Background: Early HIV viral load suppression (VLS) is associated with decreased mortality and HIV transmission. The New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene Sexual Health Clinics (SHC) identify 10% of new HIV cases and 20% of acute HIV infections (AHI) citywide. The NYC SHC recently introduced Jumpstart (JS): on-site HIV antiretroviral (ARV) treatment with navigation. JS was designed to expedite HIV treatment initiation, support VLS, and improve adherence. We report on implementation and preliminary outcomes of the JS efforts available at 6 of 8 SHC. Methods: NYC SHC patients are routinely tested for HIV via rapid antibody test; individuals at highest risk are screened for AHI via pooled Nucleic Acid Testing. Patients eligible for JS were > 18 years, lived in-state and reported no prior ARV treatment. Initiation visits included 30-day supply of ARVs, navigation, medical monitoring and linkage to HIV primary care. Using medical record data, we described JS initiates 11/23/16-7/31/17, their pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) patterns, CD4, viral load, care linkage, and VLS of those requiring additional ARV from SHC. Results: 149 patients initiated ARVs. 108 patients were newly diagnosed at SHC offering JS; of these, 78 (72%) initiated ARVs (38/78 (49%) at diagnosis; 68/78 (87%) within 7 days). 71 additional patients initiated ARVs (20 newly diagnosed patients were transferred from SHC that did not yet have JS; 51 were previously diagnosed). Of the 149 ARV initiates, 126 (85%) were men reporting sex with men, 100 (67%) were Hispanic or black; 70 (47%) were foreign born. Median age was 29 years; 15 (10%) had AHI; 25 (17%) had CD4<200; 46 (31%) had baseline VL >=100,000. 24 of 127 with baseline genotyping had evidence of PDR, most commonly to non-nucleoside ARVs. One patient required a change in therapy due to PDR. 30-day linkage to care was 84% (82/98) among new positives and 63% (32/51) among previous positives. Of 149 ARV initiates, 64 (43%) required a second month of ARV from SHC. The majority of these patients (41/64; 64%) had attended an appointment at a linkage facility. Among those with VL testing at SHC follow-up, 87% (45/52) had achieved VLS by day 45. Conclusion: Incorporation of same-day HIV navigation and ARV initiation is feasible in the setting of a public health clinic system, with high patient acceptability. Scale up to all 8 SHC clinics is expected in 2018. Future evaluation will assess impact of these efforts on time to VLS.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,null,3,null,5,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1521,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1521,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1521,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Ahrens, K. R., Udell, W., Albertson, K. and Coatney, A.",2018,"Heart to heart-pilot testing a sexual health training for foster and kinship caregivers","Purpose: Youth in foster care have high rates of early, unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Most interventions have been directed towards the youth themselves and have shown limited success at reducing risks of these impactful outcomes. Using results from prior mixed method studies involving foster and kinship caregivers, foster youth, and other stakeholders from the child welfare system, we developed a day-long training that combined a) low literacy educational information on contraception, condoms, STIs, and normal development with b) skills-based infor-mation caregivers felt were critical to improving their ability to parent youth regarding sexual health issues. Specific skills taught included: basic behaviorism with an emphasis on positive reinforcement, tailoring communication and monitoring strategies to the cognitive and social-emotional development of the child, 3) validation, 4) mindfulness-based emotion regulation and communication strategies, 5) increasing caregiver social support and self-care. Par-ticipants were given low literacy handouts to share with youth. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess pre-posttest changes in knowledge, attitudes and expectations around health communication, communication and monitoring behaviors, and caregiver-child conflict. Methods: A total of 47 foster and kinship caregivers participated in a pilot-test of the training conducted in three urban centers: Seattle, Los Angeles County, and New York City. Inclusion criteria included: 1) caregiver had at least one youth aged 11-18 in the home at the time of recruitment for whom they had cared for at least 3 months in the past year, and 2) caregiver was able to participate meaningfully in the training and pre/posttest surveys. We conducted surveys at two time points-immediately prior to and 1 month after completion of the training. Trainings and surveys were conducted in English in person or by phone. Caregivers received $60 for training day, $40 for the follow-up survey, and reimbursement for childcare and transportation costs as needed. Relevant institutional review boards for each jurisdiction approved all procedures. Results: Participants were majority (88%) female and were racially/ethnically diverse. The majority identified as African American, white, and/or Hispanic/Latinx (79%, 13%, and 13%, respectively). The average age of caregivers was 59.7 years (range 21-84). Changes in all variables from pretest to posttest were in the direction of improvement. We found significant improvements in knowledge (p <.001), expectations around communicating about sex (p =.004), number of sexual health topics ever discussed (p =.03), and per-ceived helpfulness of sexual health conversations (p =.02). Caregivers also reported decreased conflict with the foster youth in their home (p =.001). Conclusions: Based on our pilot findings, a day-long sexual health and parenting skills training has the potential to improve sexual health outcomes for foster youth and decrease caregiver-child conflict in the home. The latter has implications that reach far beyond the domain of sexual health. Our next step will be to conduct a randomized, controlled trial with longer-term follow up to confirm pilot results and refine intervention delivery. Sources of Support: A grant from the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Sexual health ",1,47,2,null,1,null,7,0,0," Seattle, Los Angeles County, and New York City",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1522,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1522,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1522,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Griffin, D.",2018,"Implementation of a diabetes prevention program among city employees in Rupert, Idaho","Purpose of study The Rupert Employees Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is constructed to aid Rupert city employees who qualify as prediabetic develop healthier lifestyle habits to prevent or delay the onset of Type 2 Diabetes. The DPP is centred on a community-based approach to lifestyle changes such as healthier eating habits and increased physical activity. Rupert has over 65 employees and is the seat of Minidoka County in South-Central Idaho, which is home to over 20 000 residents. Minidoka County has a 34% obesity rate and a 10.8% diabetes rate, compared to Idaho's average rate of 28.6% obese and 8.1% diabetic. A need exists to educate community members about how to combat this disease. Research shows that lifestyle intervention is an effective and cost-friendly method of diabetes prevention from a societal and healthcare perspective, even more so than metformin prescription. Methods used Community conversations exposed the high prevalence of diabetes in the area as a major concern. This concern was confirmed with clinical observations. A literature review lead to ideas for intervention, specifically implementation of a DPP. In partnership with the Recreation Manager and the South Central Public Health District Health Education Specialist, a plan was formulated to propose utilisation of a DPP targeting city employees to the Rupert City Council. Summary of results The proposed DPP was presented at a Rupert City Council Meeting and received unanimous support from community leaders. The DPP will begin in September 2017 and will include interested city employees that qualify as prediabetic. The class will be funded with a wellness grant, taught by employees of the local University of Idaho Extension office, and will conveniently be held during work hours throughout the next year. The DPP will concomitantly address aspects of the wellness program already in place for city employees. Conclusions The success of the DPP among Rupert City will ultimately be measured in the number of participants who follow through with the entire year-long program. However, because of the immense support from community members, established funding, and teaching resources, the favourable outcomes are promising. The next steps would be to expand the DPP to other public entities, such as the school district or hospital, to further allow community members to lead the fight against diabetes.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Diabetes prevention ",1,9,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"Rupert ((daho)",302,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1523,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rupert"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1523,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USARupert",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1523,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Ackerman, C., Pettker, C., Goffman, D., Campbell, K., Platner, M., Zu, X., Abdel-Razeq, S., Chung, S. and Lipkind, H. S.",2018,"Severe maternal morbidity associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy after regionalization of perinatal care in New York City","OBJECTIVE: Severe maternal morbidity as defined by the CDC (CDCSMM) is increasing. In 2003, the New York State Department of Health developed a Regional Perinatal Center (RPC) model, which categorized all hospitals for each designated level of perinatal care and promoted regional perinatal partnerships to improve birth outcomes. While it is known that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with CDC-SMM, the relationship with levels of maternal care is unclear. This study evaluated the impact of RPC on CDC-SMM during delivery hospitalization among women with HDP. STUDY DESIGN: In this retrospective cohort study of women, 15-55 years old with a singleton gestation between 2008-12 in New York City (NYC), we examined the risk of CDC-SMM in women with HDP compared to normotensive controls. CDC-SMM rates were stratified by delivery hospital's level of care. CDC-SMM was identified by linked birth certificate and hospital discharge data. Levels of care were designated per ACOG/SMFM Obstetric Care Consensus. With multivariable logistic regression, we assessed the odds of CDCSMM in hypertensive versus normotensive women during the delivery hospitalization for each level of perinatal care. Models were adjusted for relevant sociodemographic and pregnancy-specific variables and chronic medical conditions. RESULTS: 574,565 women met inclusion criteria, with 41,713 (7.26%) having HDP. When compared to normotensive controls, women with HDP who delivered at a level 2 hospital had the highest odds of CDC-SMM during the delivery hospitalization, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.21 (95% CI, 3.63-4.89). Women with HDP who delivered at a RPC had the lowest odds of CDC-SMM, aOR 1.86 (95% CI 1.74-1.99). When assessing the risk for CDC-SMM excluding transfusions, the adjusted odds ratio trend was conserved. (Table 1). CONCLUSION: Compared to controls and stratified for level of care, women with HDP have the highest increased odds of CDC-SMM when cared for at facilities with lower level of care designations. Further analysis can inform clinical guidelines to determine which patients require timely transfer to an RPC and also aid in development of coordinated treatment protocols for HDP at lower levels of care. Utilization of the NYC RPC model for levels of perinatal care may significantly decrease severe maternal morbidity across the nation. (Table Presented).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Maternal morbidity ",2,37,2,null,3,null,7,0,0,"New York ",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1524,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1524,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1524,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Lee, M., Park, S. and Yoon, K.",2019,"Does health promotion program affect local resident' emotions?","Healthy cities continuously attempt to improve residents' health. Health is affected by psychological factors, such as happiness and emotions. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of healthy city program performance on individuals' emotions, as well as the correlation between healthy city program performance and emotions using personal happiness index as a parameter. We conducted a questionnaire survey of residents in areas implementing healthy city projects. A total of 596 responses were obtained. We used structural equations to analyze the relationship of structural influences. Results showed that healthy city program performance had significant static effects on emotion. This observation shows that healthy city programs decrease local residents' negative emotions, such as stress and depression. Therefore, healthy city programs stabilize residents' emotions by increasing health friendliness. To improve the performance of healthy city programs, it is necessary to mitigate health risk factors and positively affect individuals' emotions. Copyright © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1525,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1525,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Ard, K. L., Edelstein, Z. R., Bolduc, P., Daskalakis, D., Gandhi, A. D., Krakower, D. S., Myers, J. E. and Keuroghlian, A. S.",2019,"Public health detailing for human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis","Despite the promise of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), PrEP remains underutilized, often due to clinician factors. Academic or public health detailing is a process by which university and/or government groups employ the marketing practices of pharmaceutical companies to improve clinical practice. We describe the novel application of detailing to increase PrEP prescribing and related care in New York City and New England. Detailing can play a crucial role in PrEP implementation. Copyright © The Author(s) 2018.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,"increase prep",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1526,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1526,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Lai, Y. and Kontokosta, C. E.",2019,"The impact of urban street tree species on air quality and respiratory illness: A spatial analysis of large-scale, high-resolution urban data","Urban trees play a key role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, cleaning air, promoting physical activity, and improving mental health. However, it is still largely unknown how the density and species of urban street trees may impact local public health. This study demonstrates how open data mining and large-scale spatial data integration can contribute to deeper insights into the effects of urban forestry. We analyze the impact of the spatial distribution of street trees by species in New York City by combining crowd-sourced tree census data - which includes geolocation, species, size, and condition for each of 652,169 street trees - with pollen activity, allergen severity, land use, housing conditions, and neighborhood demographic data. We further integrate neighborhood asthma hospitalization and emergency department visit rates and air quality data (PM2.5) to investigate how street trees impact local air quality and the prevalence of acute respiratory illness. Using a geographically weighted regression model, the results indicate that although a greater concentration of trees contributes to better local air quality, species with severe allergenicity can increase local asthma hospitalization rates in vulnerable populations, controlling for other covariates. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"trees",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1527,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1527,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Alghamdi, T.",2019,"Data integrity of smart city traffic for emergency vehicle","Background: In some medical emergencies that require urgent medical intervention, emergency vehicles face some difficulties, whether in reaching the patient or hospitals. Traffic congestion increases at intersections and major streets, causing complications to the patient's health due to the delay arrival of emergency vehicles to their intended destination. But with the innovative solutions offered by the Internet of Things, we can reduce traffic congestion and facilitate traffic for emergency vehicles. IoT devices are becoming part of a smart city infrastructure, therefore, we manage the network traffic by various sensors that are used to collect traffic data (e.g., cameras, piezoelectric, and magnetic sensors). Data obtained from these sensors are used to support various types of services, including traveler information, incident detection, and travel time prediction. The use of these data facilitates the arrival of emergency vehicles to their intended destination, which contributes to the improvement of medical services and saving humans lives. The accuracy and integrity of collected data are crucial to the reliability of the emergency vehicle services. The more accurate the data, the more efficient the services rendered. Recent research has shown that hackers can expose sensors and send misleading data to the controller, which can cause significant traffic problems and thus affect the entire smart city's services. Objective(s): The objectives of this project are to enable Smart City Services to improve its medical services by ensuring the reliability and integrity of data collected through IoT devices. Method(s): This project proposes a robust built-in algorithm that detects anomalies in sensor readings of traffic data. We present two complementary stages of the algorithm: Spatio- Temporal detection and GPS calibration. In Spatio-Temporal detection, we detect anomalies in real-time sensor readings that are significantly offset from historical readings of traffic data. The algorithm optimizes Spatio-Temporal detection outputs by identifying cases that interfere with neighboring sensors readings. In the final stage, we verify the accuracy of collected traffic data by comparing values with live GPS data collected from vehicles. Result(s): The outcomes of this project will directly impact the reliability, resiliency, and integrity of not only traffic data, but also a wide range of Smart City services, emergency and disaster managements, urban sensing and law enforcement. Conclusion(s): While IoT is increasingly being used in many domains, including critical infrastructures, very little work has been discussed typical approaches in providing emergency medical services based on collected data through IoT devices. This work is to improve emergency vehicle services by predicting the accuracy of the traffic data based on current and the past observations with low computational time in intelligent traffic management. Key words: Data; Traffic; Integrity; Emergency; Vehicle Copyright © 2018","y",null,null,"Journal Article","emergency services",2,23,2,"using IoT to improve resposne times",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1528,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1528,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Alharbi, B. H., Pasha, M. J. and Al-Shamsi, M. A. S.",2019,"Metal contamination decrease with new legislation: A decade of metal risk assessment in urban dust","New scientific discoveries for new applications of materials (e.g., metals) lead to extensive industrial use of these materials, which in turn, has significant negative health and environmental impacts. Governments use legislation as a management tool to control the usage of certain materials to lower contamination. This study investigates the level of metal contamination over a period of 12 years to observe the dynamic changes in response to new legislation or industrial improvements. Metals (i.e., Pb, Zn, Co, Cu) associated with urban roadside dust in 21 sites in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were analyzed during the period of 2001-2013. Three main conclusions were drawn from this study: 1) Phasing out leaded gasoline was an effective tool to control Pb contamination. The average Pb concentration in the city was 37 times higher in 2001 compared to that in 2013. Twenty-nine percent of the investigated sites were at a significant health risk in 2001 compared to none in 2013. 2) The new substitutes of Zn oxides and new limitations of the Zn content in the rubber industry were effective at controlling the Zn contamination in the urban environment. The average Zn concentration of the city was 8 times higher in 2001 compared to that in 2013. Eighty-one percent of the investigated sites in 2001 were considered to be very highly contaminated (CF > 6) compared to none in 2013. 3) The lack of legislation regarding the Co-content in fossil fuels was probably the main reason for the enhancement of the Co contamination in the whole city, with an increase in the average Co concentration >3 times in 2013 compared to that in 2001. Likewise, the health risk index was increased by ~3 times from 2001 to 2013. For Cu, the average Cu concentration in 2001 was almost twice that in 2003 and 2013. Legislation has been observe to be an effective management tool for controlling metal contamination. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","metal poisoning",1,43,2,"phasing out leaded petrol",2,"legislaiton",4,0,0,"Riyadh",248,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1529,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Riyadh"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1529,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"saudi arabia"},"saudi arabiaRiyadh",49,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1529,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Tekliuk, R. V., Serheta, I. V. and Serebrennikova, O. A.",2019,"Health-related behaviour in adolescents who have received basic instruction in health promotion","OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Both positive and risky health behaviours among adolescents are of paramount importance as they often pathway further lifestyles and determine future health outcomes. The paper focuses on the trends of health promotion activities and health risks among adolescents who have been instructed on these topics at secondary schools. The aim: to detect trends in pro-active health behaviour and risk taking activities of Ukrainian adolescents in the last 14 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material(s) and Method(s): males and females, aged 15-17, who studied in secondary schools of the urban area of Vinnytsia city, Ukraine, in the years 2003, 2013, 2017, anonymously filled in the 118-item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Cochran Q test, Spearman correlation analysis, Kendall's tau coefficient were used to analyze the data. RESULT(S): Results: Overall, the data about health related issues obtained in the year 2003 vary significantly from the years 2013 and 2017, which indicates some beneficial influence that has taken place since 2003. Much fewer differences were spotted between the years 2013 and 2017. Health related behaviours in females showed less significant dynamics and some changes indicate regression, while males reported multiple improved results. Meanwhile actual numbers of males who opted for risky behaviours were higher than those of females. Significant relationships were found between some socio-economic factors, positive health behaviours (sufficient sleep, physical activity, daily regime, and life satisfaction) and proactive health choices. CONCLUSION(S): Conclusion(s): The available data suggests that there was a beneficial health-related influence on the schoolchildren over the years 2003-2017. Our findings also support the view that certain assets may protect the youth from risk-taking behaviours.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health  ",1,0,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Vinnytsia city, Ukraine",241,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1530,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Vinnytsya"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1530,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"ukraine"},"ukraineVinnytsya",79,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1530,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Gellert, P., Bethke, N. and Seybold, J.",2019,"School-based educational and on-site vaccination intervention among adolescents: Study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial","Introduction Childhood vaccination programmes have been established in all Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries; however, measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) as well as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio (Tdap-IPV) vaccination rates are not optimal in adolescents. Education in combination with easy access vaccination may be a promising approach to improve vaccination rates. We aim at improving MMR and Tdap-IPV rates in a school setting in the context of a planned cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT), the present paper describes the detailed protocol of this trial. Methods and analysis We will conduct a school-based cRCT, where schools will be randomised to either an educational condition addressing knowledge, risk communication and enhancing self-efficacy regarding vaccination or a low-intensity information condition. In both conditions, a bus equipped with medical staff and materials, will be delivering MMR and Tdap-IPV vaccine directly after the intervention. Schools in the city centre of Berlin, Germany, will be stratified by percentage of migration and type of school. Primary outcome is the number of students who receive vaccination in the bus. Secondary outcomes are knowledge and self-efficacy. An estimated sample size of 355 school classes with approximately 25 students per class is required. The planned analyses will take the nested structure of students, classes and schools into account. Ethics and dissemination The study will be performed according to the principles of Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was obtained by the local ethics committee. Parents of all students will be informed in advance. Their written consent will be obtained, in case students are underage. For dissemination, we will engage with governmental organisations to create potential of our educational unit to be included in future public health prevention schemes. Trial registration number ISRCTN18026662;Pre-results. Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","immunisation",2,42,2,"immunicsation in schools",3,"mobile bus",3,0,0,"Berlin",245,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1531,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Berlin"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1531,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"germany"},"germanyBerlin",28,3,0]
["Kestens, Y., Winters, M., Fuller, D., Bell, S., Berscheid, J., Brondeel, R., Cantinotti, M., Datta, G., Gauvin, L., Gough, M., Laberee, K., Lewis, P., Lord, S., Luan, H. H., McKay, H., Morency, C., Muhajarine, N., Nelson, T., Ottoni, C., Stephens, Z. P., Pugh, C., Rancourt, G., Shareck, M., Sims-Gould, J., Sones, M., Stanley, K., Thierry, B., Thigpen, C. and Wasfi, R.",2019,"INTERACT: A comprehensive approach to assess urban form interventions through natural experiments","BACKGROUND: Urban form interventions can result in positive and negative impacts on physical activity, social participation, and well-being, and inequities in these outcomes. Natural experiment studies can advance our understanding of causal effects and processes related to urban form interventions. The INTErventions, Research, and Action in Cities Team (INTERACT) is a pan-Canadian collaboration of interdisciplinary scientists, urban planners, and public health decision makers advancing research on the design of healthy and sustainable cities for all. Our objectives are to use natural experiment studies to deliver timely evidence about how urban form interventions influence health, and to develop methods and tools to facilitate such studies going forward. METHOD(S): INTERACT will evaluate natural experiments in four Canadian cities: the Arbutus Greenway in Vancouver, British Columbia; the All Ages and Abilities Cycling Network in Victoria, BC; a new Bus Rapid Transit system in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; and components of the Sustainable Development Plan 2016-2020 in Montreal, Quebec, a plan that includes urban form changes initiated by the city and approximately 230 partnering organizations. We will recruit a cohort of between 300 and 3000 adult participants, age 18 or older, in each city and collect data at three time points. Participants will complete health and activity space surveys and provide sensor-based location and physical activity data. We will conduct qualitative interviews with a subsample of participants in each city. Our analysis methods will combine machine learning methods for detecting transportation mode use and physical activity, use temporal Geographic Information Systems to quantify changes to urban intervention exposure, and apply analytic methods for natural experiment studies including interrupted time series analysis. DISCUSSION: INTERACT aims to advance the evidence base on population health intervention research and address challenges related to big data, knowledge mobilization and engagement, ethics, and causality. We will collect ~100TB of sensor data from participants over 5years. We will address these challenges using interdisciplinary partnerships, training of highly qualified personnel, and modern methodologies for using sensor-based data.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"changes to environmnet",2,"policy",1,0,0,"4 candadian cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1532,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1532,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",2,1,0]
["Riemann, M.",2019,"Problematizing the medicalization of violence: a critical discourse analysis of the 'Cure Violence' initiative","Violence has in recent years been framed as a public health problem. The medicalization of violence has involved various public health initiatives, with the USA based violence prevention initiative Cure Violence (CV), being one of the most prominent. CV, which operates in 23 US cities and multiple countries abroad, was launched in 2000 by former WHO epidemiologist Gary Slutkin with the aim to reduce violence. Its public health approach maintains that violence is an actual disease, which can be controlled and contained via epidemiological methods and strategies applied in disease control. This study used discourse analysis to explore how CV's medicalization of violence is tied to a neoliberal rationality of governing that disentangles violence from structural factors and explains violence solely by reference to individual pathology. In doing so, CV produces new identities based on assumptions concerning biological infection or immunity resistance, which, as its visual language shows, are grounded in race. Through a politics of exclusion, CV turns these 'at risk' identities into appropriate targets for health intervention, with the aim of encouraging these to act upon themselves to improve or restore their productive capacities in order to achieve the idealized form of healthy citizenship that CV propagates. Copyright © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","volence",1,0,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"23 USA cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1533,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1533,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Evans, C., Suggs, L. S., Turner, K., Occa, A., Juma, A. and Blake, H.",2019,"Mobile phone messaging to promote uptake of HIV testing among migrant African communities in the UK","Background: In the UK, African communities are a focus of public health efforts to increase uptake of HIV testing. Mobile phone interventions may be an innovative way of reaching migrant groups who are known to face multiple obstacles in accessing mainstream health services. This paper presents findings from a feasibility study that used participatory approaches to investigate the use of a text messaging intervention to encourage HIV testing among migrant African communities. Method(s): Participants were recruited in the city of Nottingham by a team of community researchers. They were sent two text messages per week (one on HIV and one on general health) for 12 weeks. Baseline and follow-up questionnaires were completed to measure HIV testing behaviour, HIV-related knowledge and attitudes and general health. Participants' views on the intervention were solicited. Result(s): One hundred and sixty-nine participants were enrolled in the study. Follow-up data on HIV testing were obtained for 76 participants (45%) and complete follow-up measures were available from 60 participants (36%). Eight reported seeking an HIV test during the study period. There were statistically significant positive changes in attitudes about HIV and a trend towards increased knowledge about HIV. One-third of participants reported improvements in physical activity levels, diet and stress management following the intervention. The intervention messages and structure were positively evaluated. Conclusion(s): Well-designed mobile phone messaging proved to be a feasible and acceptable intervention to promote both HIV testing and lifestyle behaviours among African migrant communities in the UK. When co-constructed with communities, they hold considerable promise for overcoming some of the health-related barriers faced by migrant populations in new countries. Future research and service development should focus on exploiting and evaluating this potential in relation to other key health priorities. Copyright © The Author(s) 2018.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,"text messaging",4,"city health dept",5,0,0,"nottingham",148,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1534,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nottingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1534,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandNottingham",3,3,1]
["Lee, K. K., Loh, L., Adamic, J., Perry, A., Sacks, R., Lam, K., Tong, S. and Wolf, S.",2019,"Lessons learned from the development and implementation of a citywide stair prompt initiative","Stair climbing is a readily available form of vigorous-intensity physical activity. Evidence indicates that placing stair prompt signs at points-of-decision (e.g. near elevators and stairways) is an inexpensive, effective strategy for increasing physical activity through stair use. This article aims to share the experience of the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYC DOHMH) in the outreach and implementation of a population-scale stair prompt initiative, including lessons learned from process evaluations, with other public health authorities conducting a similar program. Between May 2008 and August 2012, NYC DOHMH implemented a stair prompt initiative as one strategy in a comprehensive program to increase physical activity and healthy eating through physical improvements to NYC's buildings, streets and neighborhoods, particularly targeting facilities in underserved and low-income neighborhoods. Program evaluation was conducted using program planning documents to examine the process, and data from NYC information line call center, outreach tracking database, and site and phone audits to examine process outcomes. The initiative successfully distributed more than 30,000 stair prompts to building owners/managers of over 1000 buildings. Keys to success included multi-sector partnerships between NYC's Health Department and non-health government agencies and organizations (such as architecture and real estate organizations), a designated outreach coordinator, and outreach strategies targeting building owners/managers owning/managing multiple buildings and buildings serving underserved and at risk populations. A NYC citywide initiative successfully distributed stair prompts to the wider community to promote population-level health impacts; lessons learned may assist other jurisdictions considering similar initiatives to increase physical activity. Copyright © 2018","y",null,null,"Journal Article","physcial in ativity",1,29,2,"signs to use the stairs",2,"dohmh",5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1535,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1535,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Ahn, E., Kim, J., Moon, S., Ko, Y. H., Cho, H., Park, J. H., Song, J. H., Kim, H. N., Jee, J. Y. and Han, R. Y.",2019,"Effect of a Crisis Intervention Team for suicide attempt patients in an emergency department in Korea","Background: South Korea has one of the highest rates of suicide in the world, which poses an immense socioeconomic burden on the healthcare system. Objective(s): We hypothesized that the implementation of a Crisis Intervention Team would lead to an improvement in completion rates of suicide prevention counseling programs. Method(s): This is a retrospective before-and-after analysis, and was carried out in the emergency department in the city of Ansan, South Korea. The Crisis Intervention Team, funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, counsels suicide attempt patients with the ultimate goal of assuring proper administration of mental healthcare from community suicide support programs. Data on suicide attempt patients were collected using medical records. The primary outcome was defined as completion of the 8-week follow-up period for suicide attempt patients with the community suicide support programs. Result(s): A total of 246 patients from the pre-intervention period and 296 patients from the post-intervention period were included in the study. The completion rates of the 8-week follow-up period increased significantly after the intervention. During the pre-intervention period, 9 patients (3.7%) who were referred to the community suicide support program completed the 8 weeks of follow-up, whereas in the post-intervention period, 56 patients (18.9%) followed up for 8 weeks or more (p < 0.0001). The secondary outcome, overall linkage rates to community suicide support program, did not change significantly, with a minor increase from 46 (18.7%) to 63 (21.3%) (p = 0.45). Conclusion(s): The implementation of an in-hospital Crisis Intervention Team dedicated to active and assertive counseling that begins in the emergency department was correlated with significantly increased completion rates of the 8-week follow-up counseling program. Copyright © The Author(s) 2019.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","suicide",2,39,2,"crisis intervention team in hospitals",3,"nationally funded",8,0,0,"Ansan, South Korea",249,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1536,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Ansan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1536,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Korea, South"},"Korea, SouthAnsan",63,4,1]
["Dai, H. X., An, J. Y., Li, L., Huang, C., Yan, R. S., Zhu, S. H., Ma, Y. G., Song, W. M. and Kan, H. D.",2019,"Health Benefit Analyses of the Clean Air Action Plan Implementation in Shanghai. [Chinese]","To understand the public health benefits of the Clean Air Action Plan implemented in Shanghai from 2013-2017, the changes of the PM2.5 exposure levels and related health and economic benefits were quantitatively evaluated by using air quality numerical modeling, health risk assessment, and environmental valuation methods. The results show that the proportion of the population exposed to a mean annual PM2.5 concentration lower than or equal to 35 mug.m-3 has increased from 1.62% in the base year to 34.06% in the control year. The death risk attributable to ambient PM2.5 exposure decreased from 15.2% in the base year to 11.9% in the control year. The total health benefits are approximately 11.841 billion RMB(95% CI:5.024-17.819 billion RMB), accounting for 0.55%(95% CI:0.23%-0.82%)of Shanghai's GDP in 2013. The implementation of the action plan has a positive effect on the protection of the health of the population. Health benefits in areas with dense populations and high PM2.5 declines are more pronounced within the outer ring line of Shanghai City.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"not stated",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"shanghai",200,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1537,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shanghai"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1537,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaShanghai",5,4,1]
["Wensel, C. R., Trude, A. C. B., Poirier, L., Alghamdi, R., Trujillo, A., Steeves, E. A., Paige, D. and Gittelsohn, J.",2019,"B'more healthy corner stores for moms and kids: Identifying optimal behavioral economic strategies to increase WIC redemptions in small Urban corner stores","Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) redemption rates have been declining in many low-income urban settings, potentially related to aspects of the food environment. B'more Healthy Corner Stores for Moms and Kids was a feasibility trial in Baltimore City that aimed to test multiple behavioral economic (BE) strategies in 10 corner stores (intervention = eight stores, comparison = two stores), to evaluate their influence on the stocking and redemptions of WIC foods. Tested strategies included in-person storeowner training, point of purchase promotion, product placement, and grouping of products in a display. All four strategies were feasible and implemented with high reach, dose delivered, and fidelity. Additionally, text messaging was found to be an acceptable form of intervention reinforcement for storeowners. Analyses to assess change in stocking of WIC foods, total sales of WIC foods, and sales of WIC foods to WIC clients, revealed consistent positive changes after implementation of the store owner training strategy, while changes after the implementation of other strategies were mixed. Furthermore, WIC food sales to WIC clients significantly increased after the simultaneous implementation of two strategies, compared to one (p > 0.05). Results suggest that store owner training was the most influential strategy and that the implementation of more BE strategies does not necessarily lead to proportional increases in stocking and sales. Selected BE strategies appear to be an effective way of increasing stocking and sales of WIC foods in small urban food stores. Copyright © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"increase healthy food",2,"policy",1,0,0,"baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1538,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1538,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1538,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Bittencourt, L. and Scarinci, I. C.",2019,"Training Community Health Workers to promote breast cancer screening in Brazil","Although it has been show that early detection through mammograms is the most effective way to reduce breast cancer mortality, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide with survival rates being even lower in low- and middle-income countries as compared to high-income countries. Despite the availability of breast cancer screening programs in Brazil through the public health system, some women do not participate in these programs due to structural and/or inter/intrapersonal barriers. The Community Health Worker (CHW) model is a promising approach to reach these women who have not been reached through other efforts. This paper describes a participatory approach for capacity building of CHWs to promote breast cancer screening among low-income women 50 years of age and older in a southern city in Brazil as a combined effort between two academic institutions, the municipal health care system, and a local non-profit organization. The capacity building program consisted of an 8-hour training focusing on knowledge (e.g., breast cancer and screening) and skills (e.g., communication skills, basic principles of behavior change) to promote breast cancer screening among community members. Pre- and post-test questionnaires assessed changes in breast cancer knowledge and self-perceived knowledge and confidence (N=44). There was a significant increase in objective knowledge regarding breast cancer overall, risk factors, and behavior change strategies between pre- and post-test. There was also a significant increase in self-perceived knowledge and confidence, items related to knowledge about breast cancer, breast cancer early detection methods, and the ability to solve problems between pre- and post-test as well as a significant increase in their confidence to motivate women to get a mammogram. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of welldeveloped capacity building programs to promote breast cancer screening among health care professionals, especially those with limited educational attainment, such as CHWs.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","breast cancer",2,12,2,"trainign community health workers",1,"collaboration",2,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1539,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1539,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,2,1]
["Andrusaityte, S., Grazuleviciene, R., Kudzyte, J., Bernotiene, A., Dedele, A. and Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J.",2016,"Associations between neighbourhood greenness and asthma in preschool children in Kaunas, Lithuania: a case-control study","OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between surrounding greenness levels and asthma among children, and to explore a possible change of this association by the distance of the residence to a city park.","y",null,null,"journal article","asthma",1,5,2,"green parks",2,null,0,0,0,"Kaunas, Lithuania",293,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1540,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kaunas"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1540,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Lithuania"},"LithuaniaKaunas",80,3,0]
["Li, W., Maduro, G. A. and Begier, E. M.",2016,"Increased Life Expectancy in New York City, 2001-2010: An Exploration by Cause of Death and Demographic Characteristics","OBJECTIVE: New York City's (NYC's) life expectancy gains have been greater than those seen nationally. We examined life-expectancy changes over the past decade in selected NYC subpopulations and explored which age groups and causes of death contributed most to the increases.","y",null,null,"journal article","life expectancy",1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1541,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1541,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Lim, S., Singh, T. P. and Gwynn, R. C.",2017,"Impact of a Supportive Housing Program on Housing Stability and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Young Adults in New York City Who Were Aging Out of Foster Care","Former foster youth are at increased risk of housing instability and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) during the transitional period following foster care. We measured housing stability using sequence analysis and assessed whether a supportive housing program in New York, New York, was effective in improving housing stability and reducing STIs among former foster youth. Matched administrative records identified 895 former foster youth who were eligible for the housing program during 2007-2010. The main outcomes included housing stability (as determined from episodes of homelessness, incarceration, hospitalization, and residence in supportive housing) and diagnosed STI case rates per 1,000 person-years during the 2 years after baseline. Marginal structural models were used to assess impacts of the program on these outcomes. Three housing stability patterns (unstable housing, stable housing, and rare institutional dwelling patterns) were identified. The housing program was positively associated with a pattern of stable housing (odds ratio = 4.4, 95% confidence interval: 2.9, 6.8), and negatively associated with diagnosed STI rates (relative risk = 0.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 0.7). These positive impacts on housing stability and STIs highlight the importance of the supportive housing program for youths aging out of foster care and the need for such programs to continue.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Former foster youth",1,0,2,null,2,null,1,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1542,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1542,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},{"$f":"+V1542&U1542","v":"usaNew York City"},1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1542,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Zhang, W., Chen, F., Wang, Z., Huang, J. and Wang, B.",2017,"Evaluation of carbon emission reductions promoted by private driving restrictions based on automatic fare collection data in Beijing, China","Public transportation automatic fare collection (AFC) systems are able to continuously record large amounts of passenger travel information, providing massive, low-cost data for research on regulations pertaining to public transport. These data can be used not only to analyze characteristics of passengers' trips but also to evaluate transport policies that promote a travel mode shift and emission reduction. In this study, models combining card, survey, and geographic information systems (GIS) data are established with a research focus on the private driving restriction policies being implemented in an ever-increasing number of cities. The study aims to evaluate the impact of these policies on the travel mode shift, as well as relevant carbon emission reductions. The private driving restriction policy implemented in Beijing is taken as an example. The impact of the restriction policy on the travel mode shift from cars to subways is analyzed through a model based on metro AFC data. The routing paths of these passengers are also analyzed based on the GIS method and on survey data, while associated carbon emission reductions are estimated. The analysis method used in this study can provide reference for the application of big data in evaluating transport policies.","y",null,null,"journal article","travel and pollution",1,16,2,null,4,null,0,0,0,"Beijing",268,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1543,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Beijing"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1543,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaBeijing",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1543,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Wiewel, E. W., Borrell, L. N., Jones, H. E., Maroko, A. R. and Torian, L. V.",2017,"Neighborhood Characteristics Associated with Achievement and Maintenance of HIV Viral Suppression Among Persons Newly Diagnosed with HIV in New York City","We investigated the effect of neighborhood characteristics on achievement and maintenance of HIV viral suppression among New York City (NYC) residents aged 13 years and older diagnosed between 2006 and 2012. Individual records from the NYC HIV surveillance registry (n = 12,547) were linked to U.S. Census and American Community Survey data by census tract of residence. Multivariable proportional hazards regression models indicated the likelihood of achievement and maintenance of suppression by neighborhood characteristics including poverty, accounting for neighborhood clustering and for individual characteristics. In adjusted analyses, no neighborhood factors were associated with achievement of suppression. However, residents of high- or very-high-poverty neighborhoods were less likely than residents of low-poverty neighborhoods to maintain suppression. In conclusion, higher neighborhood poverty was associated with lesser maintenance of suppression. Assistance with post-diagnosis retention in care, antiretroviral therapy prescribing, or adherence targeted to residents of higher-poverty neighborhoods may improve maintenance of viral suppression in NYC.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,null,2,null,0,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1544,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1544,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1544,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Zhang, S., Wu, Y., Zhao, B., Wu, X., Shu, J. and Hao, J.",2017,"City-specific vehicle emission control strategies to achieve stringent emission reduction targets in China's Yangtze River Delta region","The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region is one of the most prosperous and densely populated regions in China and is facing tremendous pressure to mitigate vehicle emissions and improve air quality. Our assessment has revealed that mitigating vehicle emissions of NOx would be more difficult than reducing the emissions of other major vehicular pollutants (e.g., CO, HC and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in the YRD region. Even in Shanghai, where the emission control implemented are more stringent than in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, we observed little to no reduction in NOx emissions from 2000 to 2010. Emission-reduction targets for HC, NOx and PM<sub>2.5</sub> are determined using a response surface modeling tool for better air quality. We design city-specific emission control strategies for three vehicle-populated cities in the YRD region: Shanghai and Nanjing and Wuxi in Jiangsu. Our results indicate that even if stringent emission control consisting of the Euro 6/VI standards, the limitation of vehicle population and usage, and the scrappage of older vehicles is applied, Nanjing and Wuxi will not be able to meet the NOx emissions target by 2020. Therefore, additional control measures are proposed for Nanjing and Wuxi to further mitigate NOx emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Air quality",1,16,2,null,2,null,1,0,0,"Shanghai and Nanjing and Wuxi in Jiangsu",200,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1545,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shanghai"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1545,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaShanghai",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1545,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Zhang, S., Niu, T., Wu, Y., Zhang, K. M., Wallington, T. J., Xie, Q., Wu, X. and Xu, H.",2018,"Fine-grained vehicle emission management using intelligent transportation system data","The increasing adoption of intelligent transportation system (ITS) data in smart-city initiatives worldwide has offered unprecedented opportunities for improving transportation air quality management. In this paper, we demonstrate the effective use of ITS and other traffic data to develop a link-level and hourly-based dynamic vehicle emission inventory. Our work takes advantage of the extensive ITS infrastructure deployed in Nanjing, China (6600km<sup>2</sup>) that offers high-resolution, multi-source traffic data of the road network. Improved than conventional emission inventories, the ITS data empower the strength of revealing significantly temporal and spatial heterogeneity of traffic dynamics that pronouncedly impacts traffic emission patterns. Four urban districts account for only 4% of the area but approximately 30%-40% of vehicular emissions (e.g., CO<sub>2</sub> and air pollutants). Owing to the detailed resolution of road network traffic, two types of emission hotspots are captured by the dynamic emission inventory: those in the urban area dominated by urban passenger traffic, and those along outlying highway corridors reflecting inter-city freight transportation (especially in terms of NO<sub>X</sub>). Fine-grained quantification of emissions reductions from traffic restriction scenarios is explored. ITS data-driven emission management systems coupled with atmospheric models offer the potential for dynamic air quality management in the future.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"intelligent transport system data - SMART city stuff - to map issue areas",4,"not stated",0,0,0,"nanjing",252,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1546,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nanjing"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1546,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"China"},"ChinaNanjing",20,4,0]
["Borge, R., Santiago, J. L., de la Paz, D., Martin, F., Domingo, J., Valdes, C., Sanchez, B., Rivas, E., Rozas, M. T., Lazaro, S., Perez, J. and Fernandez, A.",2018,"Application of a short term air quality action plan in Madrid (Spain) under a high-pollution episode - Part II: Assessment from multi-scale modelling","Air pollution continues to be one of the main issues in urban areas. In addition to air quality plans and emission abatement policies, additional measures for high pollution episodes are needed to avoid exceedances of hourly limit values under unfavourable meteorological conditions such as the Madrid's short-term action NO<sub>2</sub> protocol. In December 2016 there was a strong atmospheric stability episode that turned out in generalized high NO<sub>2</sub> levels, causing the stage 3 of the NO<sub>2</sub> protocol to be triggered for the first time in Madrid (29th December). In addition to other traffic-related measures, this involves access restrictions to the city centre (50% to private cars). We simulated the episode with and without measures under a multi-scale modelling approach. A 1km<sup>2</sup> resolution modelling system based on WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ was applied to assess city-wide effects while the Star-CCM+ (RANS CFD model) was used to investigate the effect at street level in a microscale domain in the city centre, focusing on Gran Via Avenue. Changes in road traffic were simulated with the mesoscale VISUM model, incorporating real flux measurements during those days. The corresponding simulations suggest that the application of the protocol during this particular episode may have prevented concentrations to increase by 24mug.m<sup>-3</sup> (14% respect to the hypothetical no action scenario) downtown although it may have cause NO<sub>2</sub> to slightly increase in the city outskirts due to traffic redistribution. Speed limitation and parking restrictions alone (stages 1 and 2 respectively) have a very limited effect. The microscale simulation provides consistent results but shows an important variability at street level, with reduction above 100mug.m<sup>-3</sup> in some spots inside Gran Via. Although further research is needed, these results point out the need to implement short-term action plans and to apply a consistent multi-scale modelling assessment to optimize urban air quality abatement strategies.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Air quality ",1,16,2,null,2,null,1,0,0,"Madrid",123,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1547,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Madrid"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1547,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainMadrid",4,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1547,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},1]
["Carrion, D., Lee, W. V. and Hernandez, D.",2018,"Residual Inequity: Assessing the Unintended Consequences of New York City's Clean Heat Transition","Energy policies and public health are intimately intertwined. In New York City, a series of policies, known as the Clean Heat Program (CHP), were designed to reduce air pollution by banning residual diesel fuel oils, #6 in 2015 and #4 by 2030. This measure is expected to yield environmental and public health benefits over time. While there is near-universal compliance with the #6 ban, a substantial number of buildings still use #4. In this paper, geographic analysis and qualitative interviews with stakeholders were used to interrogate the CHP's policy implementation in Northern Manhattan and the Bronx. A total of 1724 (53%) of all residential residual fuel burning buildings are located in this region. Stakeholders reflected mostly on the need for the program, and overall reactions to its execution. Major findings include that government partnerships with non-governmental organizations were effectively employed. However, weaknesses with the policy were also identified, including missed opportunities for more rapid transitions away from residual fuels, unsuccessful outreach efforts, cost-prohibitive conversion opportunities, and (the perception of) a volatile energy market for clean fuels. Ultimately, this analysis serves as a case study of a unique and innovative urban policy initiative to improve air quality and, consequently, public health.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Air pollution ",1,16,2,null,2,null,1,0,0,"New York ",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1548,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1548,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1548,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Nct",2017,"Telemedicine for Improving Outcome in Inner City Patient Population With Hypercapneic Respiratory Failure","The Hypercapnia Telemedicine Outreach Program (E‐TOUCH Study) aims to utilize telemedicine technology, as well as emergency medical services (EMS) home visits to address the problem with poor follow‐up and compliance among Einstein's hypercapnic patients. The hypothesis is that reaching out to the subjects' homes will allow more consistent healthcare delivery, increase healthcare efficiency and compliance with therapy, and overall decrease acute decompensated states / hypercapnic respiratory failure, decreasing ED visits and hospitalization.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Telemedicine",2,40,2,null,4,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1549,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1549,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1549,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Nct",2017,"RVA Breathes: a Richmond City Collaboration to Reduce Pediatric Asthma Disparities","RVA Breathes includes family‐based asthma self‐management education (delivered by Community Health Workers [CHWs] with the Institute for Public Health Innovation), homeenvironmental remediation (with Richmond City Health Department's Healthy Homes Initiative), and a schoolnurse component (with elementary schools in the Richmond City Public School System). These interventions capitalize among existing resources and relationships with stakeholders in Richmond, each of which is committed to RVA Breathes. Three‐hundred children with asthma and their caregivers will participate in a randomized clinical trial of RVA Breathes. After completing a baseline assessment, families will be randomized to one of three conditions: 1) asthma education + home remediation + school intervention, 2) asthma education + home remediation and 3) comparator condition (Enhanced Standard of Care, E‐SOC). Families will participate in the program for 12 months and complete follow‐up assessments (post‐treatment and 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month) to measure changes in healthcare utilization and the impact of the program on child asthma outcomes. Conditions will be compared on the primary outcomes of healthcare utilization, including asthma specific ED visits and hospital admissions, school absences, and controller medication use; secondary outcomes include asthma control, symptoms, and quality of life. We will also evaluate the sustainability of RVA Breathes after 12 months (without active intervention), including a review of qualitative data from participants and stakeholders in the program. Findings from this trial will allow for dissemination and implementation of RVA Breathes as a sustainable program in the Richmond are.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Asthma",1,5,2,null,1,null,2,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1550,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1550,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1550,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Nct",2016,"protocol so not includedNudging Students Towards Healthy Diet and Physical Activity to Prevent Obesity","The objective of the present study is to estimate the effect of nudging proposals on the students' Body Mass Index, based on changes made in the school environment. This is a factorial randomized community trial, which will be conducted in 18 public schools in the city of Duque de Caxias, RJ.","n","duplicate record",null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"Duque de Caxias (Brazil)",278,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1551,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Caxias"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1551,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilCaxias",14,2,0]
["not stated",2018,"Conditional cash transfers and health of low-income families in the US: evaluating the family rewards experiment","Opportunity NYC‐Family Rewards was the first conditional cash transfer, randomized controlled trial for low‐income families in the United States. From 2007 to 2010, Family Rewards offered 2,377 New York City families cash transfers that were conditional upon their investments in education, preventive health care, and parental employment. Their health and other outcomes were compared to those of a control group of 2,372 families. The experiment led to a modest improvement in health insurance coverage and a large increase in the use of preventive dental care. It improved parents' perception of their own health and levels of hope, mainly through improvements in reported financial well‐being. While the program's impacts on physical health were weaker, our study might not have captured effects on chronic disease risk that take longer to accrue. In the context of New York City's operating social‐safety‐net programs, conditional cash transfers may have led to positive, albeit modest, improvements in the health of poor families. Copyright © 2018 Project HOPE‐ The People‐to‐People Health Foundation, Inc.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Health in low income families ",1,3,2,null,2,null,6,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1552,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1552,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1552,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Nct",2016,"Senior Change Makers Study: improving Physical Activity Environments","The proposed study will be conducted at six senior centers in San Diego, California and will involve 132 senior participants, 16 student participants, and 12 decision maker participants (N = 160). Three senior centers will be randomized to an advocacy program and three will be randomized to a walking program. The participants at the advocacy intervention sites will undergo an 8‐week advocacy program during which they will (1) learn about the connection between the built environment and physical activity, (2) conduct a field audit of their physical activity environment using the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) Mini tool, (3) select an advocacy issue related to a physical activity barrier, and (4) engage in advocacy actions, such as communicating with decision makers or public officials. The group sessions will include topics such as how the environment affects walking, potential pedestrian hazards and solutions, how to conduct an audit of the walking environment, what advocates do, local examples of successful advocacy projects, creating an advocacy action plan, creating a fact sheet about the advocacy issue, writing letters to representatives, making an advocacy presentation. The student participants will work with the senior participants throughout the program to help accomplish the advocacy goals. The program will culminate with the presentation of the advocacy issue to a \"decision maker\" (e.g., a city planner, engineer, city council member, etc.). In the other study condition, the walking groups, participants will undergo an 8‐week program that provides participants with information about safe physical activity, strategies to increase physical activity, and guided walks. The group sessions will address topics such as the benefits of walking, fall prevention tips, goal setting, positive thinking, social support, sedentary behavior and health, barriers to walking, handling setbacks, and overcoming challenges to physical activity. Comparing two beneficial programs helps with participant recruitment and retention, and ensures that between‐group differences in outcomes are not due solely to participation in a group program.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","physcial activity",1,29,2,"walking training",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"san diego",181,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1553,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Diego"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1553,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Diego",1,1,0]
["Nct",2017,"Improve Access to Cervical Cancer Screening","Every woman aged from 25 to 65 years met in a the Doctors of the World's programs will attend to a prevention consultation about sexual and reproductive health and cervical cancer screening. 8 programs are included at this study: medical centers and mobile programs, in five french cities. Those programs intends to facilitate access to care for people who does not have access for different reasons :no health insurance, living far from health services, doesn't know prevention or health system in France. After the dedicated consultation, one intervention will be proposed : ‐ Either an orientation to health centers partners for a pap smear test (arm \"Pap test\") ‐ Or a vaginal HPV self‐sampling on site, and after results an orientation to health centers partners for a pap smear test (arm\"HPV self sampling + Pap test\") The inclusion of women in one or the other arm will be done through randomization: 7 periods of one month with a proposition of vaginal HPV self‐sampling and 7 periods of one month without vaginal HPV self‐sampling. Each period with a proposition of HPV self‐sampling will be followed by a period without HPV self‐sampling, to prevent the seasonality impact. The first period have been randomized for each program. To lead this consultation, prevention team members have been trained on how to lead the consultation and specifically how to deal with sexual and reproductive health, cervical cancer screening topics and counseling. Illustrated tools have been specially developed for this purpose. Professional translators will be involved in consultation when needed.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HPV",1,22,2,null,2,null,7,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1554,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1554,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1554,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Wei, C., Li, H., Liu, C., Tang, S., Tang, W., Glidden, D., Hudgens, M., Mollan, K., Chen, Z., Han, L. and et al.",2017,"Crowdsourcing to promote HIV testing among MSM in China: study protocol for a stepped wedge randomized controlled trial","Background: HIV testing for marginalized populations is critical to controlling the HIV epidemic. However, the HIV testing rate among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China remains low. Crowdsourcing, the process of shifting individual tasks to a group, has been increasingly adopted in public health programs and may be a useful tool for spurring innovation in HIV testing campaigns. We designed a multi‐site study to develop a crowdsourced HIV test promotion campaign and evaluate its effectiveness against conventional campaigns among MSM in China. Methods: This study will use an adaptation of the stepped wedge, randomized controlled trial design. A total of eight major metropolitan cities in China will be randomized to sequentially initiate interventions at 3‐month intervals. The intervention uses crowdsourcing at multiple steps to sustain crowd contribution. Approximately 1280 MSM, who are 16 years of age or over, live in the intervention city, have not been tested for HIV in the past 3 mmonths, and are not living with HIV, will be recruited. Recruitment will take place through banner advertisements on a large gay dating app along with other social media platforms. Participants will complete one follow‐up survey every 3 months for 12 months to evaluate their HIV testing uptake in the past 3 months and secondary outcomes including syphilis testing, sex without condoms, community engagement, testing stigma, and other related outcomes. Discussion: MSM HIV testing rates remain poor in China. Innovative methods to promote HIV testing are urgently needed. With a large‐scale, stepped wedge, randomized controlled trial our study can improve understanding of crowdsourcing's long‐term effectiveness in public health campaigns, expand HIV testing coverage among a key population, and inform intervention design in related public health fields. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02796963. Registered on 23 May 2016. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,null,2,null,1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1555,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1555,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1555,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["not stated",2018,"Cost-effectiveness of increasing vaccination in high-risk adults aged 18-64 Years: a model-based decision analysis","Background: Adults aged 18‐64 years with comorbid conditions are at high risk for complications of certain vaccine‐preventable diseases, including influenza and pneumococcal disease. The 4 PillarsTM Practice Transformation Program (4 Pillars Program) increases uptake of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, influenza vaccine and tetanus‐diphtheria‐acellular pertussis vaccine by 5‐10% among adults with high‐risk medical conditions, but its cost‐effectiveness is unknown. Methods: A decision tree model estimated the cost‐effectiveness of implementing the 4 Pillars Program in primary care practices compared to no program for a population of adults 18‐64 years of age at high risk of illness complications over a 10 year time horizon. Vaccination rates and intervention costs were derived from a randomized controlled cluster trial in diverse practices in 2 U.S. cities. One‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: From a third‐party payer perspective, which considers direct medical costs, the 4 Pillars Program cost $28,301 per quality‐adjusted life year gained; from a societal perspective, which adds direct nonmedical and indirect costs, the program was cost saving and more effective than no intervention. Cost effectiveness results favoring the program were robust in sensitivity analyses. From a public health standpoint, the model predicted that the intervention reduced influenza cases by 1.4%, with smaller decreases in pertussis and pneumococcal disease cases. Conclusion: The 4 Pillars Practice Transformation Program is an economically reasonable, and perhaps cost saving, strategy for protecting the health of adults aged < 65 years with high‐risk medical conditions Copyright © 2018 The Author(s).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Vaccinations",2,42,2,null,3,null,5,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1556,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1556,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1556,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},2]
["Wiecha, J. M., Adams, W. G., Rybin, D., Rizzodepaoli, M., Keller, J. and Clay, J. M.",2015,"Evaluation of a web-based asthma self-management system: a randomised controlled pilot trial","BACKGROUND: Asthma is the most common chronic condition of childhood and disproportionately affects inner‐city minority children. Low rates of asthma preventer medication adherence is a major contributor to poor asthma control in these patients. Web‐based methods have potential to improve patient knowledge and medication adherence by providing interactive patient education, monitoring of symptoms and medication use, and by facilitation of communication and teamwork among patients and health care providers. Few studies have evaluated web‐based asthma support environments using all of these potentially beneficial interventions. The multidimensional website created for this study, BostonBreathes, was designed to intervene on multiple levels, and was evaluated in a pilot trial. METHODS: An interactive, engaging website for children with asthma was developed to promote adherence to asthma medications, provide a platform for teamwork between caregivers and patients, and to provide primary care providers with up‐to‐date symptom information and data on medication use. Fifty‐eight (58) children primarily from inner city Boston with persistent‐level asthma were randomised to either usual care or use of BostonBreathes. Subjects completed asthma education activities, and reported their symptoms and medication use. Primary care providers used a separate interface to monitor their patients' website use, their reported symptoms and medication use, and were able to communicate online via a discussion board with their patients and with an asthma specialist. RESULTS: After 6‐months, reported wheezing improved significantly in both intervention and control groups, and there were significant improvements in the intervention group only in night‐time awakening and parental loss of sleep, but there were no significant differences between intervention and control groups in these measures. Emergency room or acute visits to a physician for asthma did not significantly change in either group. Among the subgroup of subjects with low controller medication adherence at baseline, adherence improved significantly only in the intervention group. Knowledge of the purpose of controller medicine increased significantly in the intervention group, a statistically significant improvement over the control group. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that a multidimensional web‐based educational, monitoring, and communication platform may have positive influences on pediatric patients' asthma‐related knowledge and use of asthma preventer medications.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","asthma",1,5,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"boston",23,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1557,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"boston"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1557,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaboston",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1557,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Li, X. L., Liu, M. Y., Cheng, L., Zhu, H. F. and Cui, D.",2018,"Impact of oral health promotion project on periodontal condition and life quality of the elderly in long-term care institutions","PURPOSE: To assess the impact of oral health promotion project on periodontal condition and life quality of the elderly in long‐term care institutions. METHOD(S): Elder people from 5 nursing homes in Wuhan city were selected and assigned to either the experimental group or the control group by random cluster grouping method. A six‐month oral health promotion project was provided to the experimental group. The changes of geriatric oral health assessment index (GOHAI), oral hygiene index‐simplified (OHI‐S), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD) were compared with student's t test and repetitive measure analysis of variance using SPSS21.0 software package. RESULT(S): A total of 322 subjects completed the study for 6 months, with 144 from the experimental group and 178 from the control group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in social demographic characteristics, GOHAI scores, OHI‐S, GI, BOP and PD at baseline(P>0.05). Greater improvements were observed in GOHAI scores, OHI‐S, GI and BOP in the experimental group than the control group after interventions (P<0.05). CONCLUSION(S): Oral health promotion project can improve the elderly's oral health‐related quality of life and periodontal condition.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","oral health",1,27,2,"education",1,null,0,0,0,"Wuhan",221,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1558,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Wuhan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1558,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaWuhan",20,4,0]
["not stated",2016,"Decreased Body Mass Index in Schoolchildren After Yearlong Information Sessions With Parents Reinforced With Web and Mobile Phone Resources: community Trial","BACKGROUND: The obesity pandemic has now reached children, and households should change their lifestyles to prevent it. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the effect of a comprehensive intervention on body mass index z‐score (BMIZ) in schoolchildren. METHODS: A yearlong study was conducted at 4 elementary schools in Mexico City. Intervention group (IG) and control group (CG) were split equally between governmental and private schools. Three educational in‐person parents and children sessions were held at 2‐month intervals to promote healthy eating habits and exercise. To reinforce the information, a website provided extensive discussion on a new topic every 2 weeks, including school snack menus and tools to calculate body mass index in children and adults. Text messages were sent to parents' mobile phones reinforcing the information provided. The IG contained 226 children and CG 181 children. We measured their weight and height and calculated BMIZ at 0, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: The CG children showed a change of +0.06 (95% CI 0.01, 0.11) and +0.05 (95% CI 0.01, 0.10) in their BMIZ at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The BMIZ of IG children decreased by ‐0.13 (95% CI ‐0.19 to ‐0.06) and ‐0.10 (95% CI ‐0.16 to ‐0.03), respectively, and the effect was greater in children with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive intervention tested had beneficial effects, preserved the BMIZ of normal weight children, and reduced the BMIZ of children with obesity.","n","duplicate record",null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"education",1,null,0,0,0,"mexico city",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1559,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1559,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1559,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},2]
["Osman, F., Salari, R., Klingberg-Allvin, M., Schön, U. K. and Flacking, R.",2017,"Effects of a culturally tailored parenting support programme in Somali-born parents' mental health and sense of competence in parenting: a randomised controlled trial","OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a culturally tailored parenting support programme on Somali‐born parents' mental health and sense of competence in parenting. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: A city in the middle of Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Somali‐born parents (n=120) with children aged 11‐16 years and self‐perceived stress in their parenting were randomised to an intervention group (n=60) or a waiting‐list control group (n=60). INTERVENTION: Parents in the intervention group received culturally tailored societal information combined with the Connect parenting programme during 12 weeks for 1‐2 hours per week. The intervention consisted of a standardised training programme delivered by nine group leaders of Somali background. OUTCOME: The General Health Questionnaire 12 was used to measure parents' mental health and the Parenting Sense of Competence scale to measure parent satisfaction and efficacy in the parent role. Analysis was conducted using intention‐to‐treat principles. RESULTS: The results indicated that parents in the intervention group showed significant improvement in mental health compared with the parents in the control group at a 2‐month follow‐up: B=3.62, 95% CI 2.01 to 5.18, p<0.001. Further, significant improvement was found for efficacy (B=‐6.72, 95% CI ‐8.15 to ‐5.28, p<0.001) and satisfaction (B=‐4.48, 95% CI ‐6.27 to ‐2.69, p<0.001) for parents in the intervention group. Parents' satisfaction mediated the intervention effect on parental mental health (β=‐0.88, 95% CI ‐1.84 to ‐0.16, p=0.047). CONCLUSION: The culturally tailored parenting support programme led to improved mental health of Somali‐born parents and their sense of competence in parenting 2 months after the intervention. The study underlines the importance of acknowledging immigrant parents' need for societal information in parent support programmes and the importance of delivering these programmes in a culturally sensitive manner. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02114593.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Parenting support programme ",1,37,2,null,1,null,7,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1560,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1560,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",54,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1560,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},2]
["not stated",2018,"Effects of continuous care model on blood pressure in patients with type II diabetes","Introduction: One of the main problems encountered by type II diabetes patients is high Blood Pressure (BP). Continuous care is the standard process of making effective, mutual, and continuous relationships between patients and nurses as healthcare providers. Continuous Care Model (CCM) can help the nurses in identifying needs, problems, and sensitisations of the patients and encourage them to maintain and enhance their health status. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of CCM on the BP trends of patients with type II diabetes in Ilam city. Materials and Methods: This quasi‐experimental research was conducted in 80 patients with type II diabetes. Subjects were selected using cluster sampling method and then were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Interventions based on the CCM were in the form of training sessions that were conducted for three weeks. Consequently, continuous care consultations, control, and assessment were conducted for nine weeks. A questionnaire on demographic characteristics and a BP recording device was used to collect the data obtained before intervention and 1‐3 months after intervention. Then, descriptive and inferential tests (ANOVA, repeated measures, chi‐square) were used for data analysis. Results: Findings revealed that the mean BP (measured in mmHg) scores of the CCM (systolic, 133.22+/‐3.98; diastolic, 86.00+/‐2.96) and control groups (systolic, 133.65+/‐2.10; diastolic 84.62+/‐2.72) before intervention were not significant (p>0.05); however, after intervention, a significant difference was observed between the mean BP (measured in mmHg) scores of the CCM (systolic, 127.52+/‐3.13; diastolic, 80.75+/‐1.97) and control groups (systolic, 133.65+/‐2.25; diastolic, 83.87+/‐2.12) (p<0.05). Conclusion: CCM is suggested to be effective in managing the BP and can be applied to improve the health behaviour in patients with type II diabetes. Copyright © 2018, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Diabetes",2,9,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1561,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1561,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1561,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},1]
["Nct",2016,"Designing Food Voucher Programs to Reduce Disparities in Healthy Diets","Participants for the trial will be recruited via advertisements at community sites including primary care clinics, housing assistance sites, and soup kitchens in the city of San Francisco. Recruitment materials will direct interested individuals to attend one of the study information sessions at a 'storefront' site in San Francisco for an initial screening evaluation by the study staff, and a study orientation session to detail the study purpose, procedures, and participant rights. The orientation sessions will consist of a 60‐minute session at a centrally‐located room. After the orientation session, participants will be invited to sign a consent form, complete the baseline assessment, and be randomized to one of the four intervention conditions in a 1:1:1:1 allocation. We will use permuted block randomization so that sample sizes in each intervention group are nearly equal. Allocation sequence will be concealed prior to assignment; staff for sequence generation, allocation concealment, and implementation will be separate. Those agreeing to participate will sign a written consent form after the study orientation and before randomized to one of four voucher conditions, as part of our 2‐by‐2 study design: (1) vouchers targeted to fruits and vegetables and valid for sequential weeks of the month; (2) vouchers targeted to fruits and vegetables and valid over the entire month; (3) vouchers applicable to any food and valid for sequential weeks of the month; and (4) vouchers applicable to any food and valid over the entire month. Half of participants will receive a blue voucher valid for any food (not tobacco, alcohol, or prepared foods), while the other half will receive a green voucher valid only for qualified fruits and vegetables (fresh or frozen fruits, vegetables, or herbs without added sugars or fats, to correspond to the eligibility guidelines of existing voucher programs). All vouchers will have the same individual value ($5), but one half of participants will receive four vouchers that are each valid for the whole month (a lump sum payment of $20), while the other half will receive four vouchers that are each valid for one sequential week of the month, as labeled on the voucher (a distributed payment of $5 per week). Therefore, all intervention groups will be balanced on time and attention from study staff, as well as effort to obtain the vouchers. By having all vouchers in small increments of $5, we minimize the need for a large voucher to be spent all at once, reducing the risk of food spoilage affecting intervention effectiveness. Having all vouchers be worth the same value also simplifies processing of the voucher at the level of the food vendor. We have specifically designed the monetary amounts of the trial to be sufficient for achieving nutritional goals (the Healthy People 2020 goal of consuming 1.4 cups of fruits and vegetables per day), but not be unduly large so as to be coercive to low‐income populations. One month's supply of vouchers will be picked‐up by each participant during the first week of each month. Therefore, all intervention groups will be balanced on time and attention from study staff, as well as effort to obtain the vouchers. Vouchers can be picked up by participants at multiple neighborhood community‐based locations. The locations are food pantries, area public health clinics or neighbor‐hood public housing project offices that served as recruitment and distribution sites during a pilot feasibility study, and will again serve as recruitment sites in the trial. The sites are open over extended business hours. Vouchers will be placed in a small sealed envelope in a lockbox at the front desk of these locations; only participant identification numbers appear on the envelope. Voucher distributors have access to the lockbox combination, and will login to our secure HIPAA‐compliant Access database to record when a participant has picked up their vouchers. Picture identification will be required for pick‐up, and participants will sign a pick‐up sheet. Participants witho t a picture ID will be referred to the city hall office that provides a free city‐sponsored picture ID. Participants must pick up their own vouchers, and lost vouchers will not be replaced. To redeem vouchers, participants present the voucher to a cashier, and sign and date the voucher at the time of redemption. The cashier processes the voucher just as they processes vouchers for the Women, Infants and Children's program or manufacturer's coupons, and the vendor then submits the redeemed voucher for payment (the financial infrastructure is handled by the San Francisco General Hospital Foundation). The names of the vendors who will accept the vouchers are printed on each voucher, along with their address and business hours. All voucher rules will be reviewed with participants during the orientation session. We will continue routine meetings with the neighborhood food vendors' managers to ensure continued active participation and correct usage of the vouchers. Following informed consent, participants will complete a baseline survey and a 24‐hour dietary recall before being randomized to one of the four study conditions. The recall includes three distinct passes to obtain a participant's food intake during the previous 24 hours—a quick list, a detailed description, and a review—including foods obtained at home and away from home, and including bartered, foraged, food pantry and other non‐purchased items. Participants are provided standard 2‐dimensional booklets for reference to portion sizes. Our research assistants are blinded to the participant's intervention arm and skilled in guiding dietary recalls among diverse participants in a non‐judgmental, comprehensive manner. The baseline recall will be conducted in person at the storefront site; subsequent recalls will be conducted over telephone. Recalls will be performed during week 1 and week 4 of the month‐0 (baseline), month‐6, and month‐12 assessments. Two recalls each will be done during week 1 (one weekday and one weekend) and two during week 4 (one weekday and one weekend) of the assessment months. This minimizes the number of recalls required to capture intra‐person variation in diet between weekdays and weekends, while simultaneously capturing the monthly consumption cycle among participants (the key hypothesized mediator for the lump sum vs. distributed voucher effect). In addition to dietary recalls, research assistants will orally administer surveys to prevent literacy‐based biases, consistent with recent Institute of Medicine recommendations. These 20‐minute surveys will be conducted at months 0, 6, and 12 and will cover attitudes and preferences regarding the vouchers and fruits and vegetables generally, shopping patterns, food expenditures, household environment, and food insecurity. Each participant will receive vouchers for a total of 6 months. The participants will then be tracked by the recruitment/retention coordinator through brief telephone contact monthly to ensure retention until they complete the month 12 survey and dietary recall (6 months after the end of the intervention), after which they are discharged from the study. In addition to participants who receive the vouchers, we will also conduct a brief survey with managers of the ten stores who have signed memos of understanding with the City of San Francisco and San Francisco General Foundation to accept the vouchers. The managers will be given informed consent forms to consider participating in a post‐ intervention survey. The paper‐based vendor survey will be hand‐delivered to vendors' managers to assess: (i) whether managers have any difficulties with the voucher system and whether those difficulties are at the point of sale, at the point of reimbursement, and/or when answering questions to customers about the vouchers; (ii) what if any activities were used by vendors to promote fruit and vegetable purchases during the voucher trial period; (iii) what if any activities they had engaged in to sell more fruits and vegetables; and (iv) a free text entry to elicit w at changes vendors would propose to the voucher system in future","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"food voucher",2,null,6,0,0,"san franscisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1562,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1562,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,1,0]
["Nct",2017,"Collaborative Care for Children's Mental Health Problems","Most mental health problems begin in childhood and adolescence, but delays in receipt of treatment are measured in years to decades. As a result, mental health problems cause a disproportionate burden of disability among children and youth compared to adults, and have a major impact on life course development. Primary care services can play an important role in efforts to prevent and intervene early in the course of child and adolescent mental health problems. Primary care services are widely available and offer an opportunity to interact simultaneously with children and their parents, treat mental health in the context of medical and developmental concerns, and reduce the stigma associated with visiting identifiable mental health facilities. While research with adults has shown the feasibility of integrating mental health care into primary care settings, and that it reduces the burden of mental illnesses, there have been few studies among children and youth and none that address a combined task‐shifting/stepped care model. In addition, evidence remains lacking that integration is feasible in diverse settings, that it improves clinical outcomes, and has the potential to be scaled up. One essential element of integration is \"shifting\" first‐line mental health engagement and treatment tasks to primary care providers. Task shifting requires mental health interventions that fit both the local context of primary care services and the local nature of the problems seen. To date, most adult and child integration models have targeted single conditions at diagnostic levels and relied on additional co‐located personnel to provide treatment. To achieve goals of prevention and early intervention, integration models for children and youth must take into account that the symptoms of emerging child and youth problems often suggest multiple possible disorders and can be co‐morbid with developmental and parental disorders. By definition, emerging problems amenable to early intervention are likely to be \"subthreshold\" and not qualify for treatment in a specialty setting, especially when resources are scarce, even though early intervention holds the promise of preventing progression. The purpose of this trial is to test the effectiveness of adding a child/youth mental health component ‐ tailored to fit the context of primary care into an existing collaborative care program supporting primary care management of adult mental health problems. The trial's specific aims are to conduct an early‐stage hybrid effectiveness‐implementation trial with 45 general practitioners in two cities focusing on: 1. Whether delivery of tailored interventions by primary care providers results in improved child and parent mental health outcomes; and exploring the mechanisms by which the interventions achieve those outcomes (which conditions are more likely to be identified and treated, which treatments have the greatest uptake by parents and youth) 2. Whether a coordinated program of training, ongoing coaching, and collaborative care results in uptake of the tailored intervention by primary care providers as evidenced by treatment provided in primary care and participation in collaborative care through consultation and referral.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","CYP MH",2,25,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1563,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1563,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1563,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Xu, F., Ware, R. S., Leslie, E., Tse, L. A., Wang, Z., Li, J. and Wang, Y.",2015,"Effectiveness of a randomized controlled lifestyle intervention to prevent obesity among Chinese primary school students: click-obesity study","Background: Childhood obesity has been increasing rapidly worldwide. There is limited evidence for effective lifestyle interventions to prevent childhood obesity worldwide, especially in developing countries like China. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a school‐based multi‐component lifestyle childhood obesity prevention program (the CLICK‐Obesity study) in Mainland China. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was developed among grade 4 students from 8 urban primary schools (638 students in intervention, 544 as control) in Nanjing City, China. Students were randomly allocated to the control or intervention group at school‐level. A oneyear multi‐component intervention program (classroom curriculum, school environment support, family involvement and fun programs/events) together with routine health education was provided to the intervention group, while the control group received routine health education only. The main outcome variables assessed were changes in body mass index, obesity occurrence, obesity‐related lifestyle behaviors and knowledge. Results: Overall, 1108 (93.7%) of the 1182 enrolled students completed the intervention study. The intervention group had a larger marginal reduction than did the control group in overall mean BMI value (‐0.32+/‐1.36 vs. ‐0.29+/‐1.40, p = 0.09), although this was not significant. Compared with the control group, the intervention group was more likely to decrease their BMI (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.10, 1.87) by 0.5 kg/m2 or above, increase the frequency of jogging/running (OR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.18, 2.02), decrease the frequency of TV/computer use (OR = 1.41, 95%CI = 1.09, 1.84) and of red meat consumption (OR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.15, 1.95), change commuting mode to/from school from sedentary to active mode (OR = 2.24, 95%CI = 1.47, 3.40), and be aware of the harm of selected obesity risk factors. Conclusions: The school‐based lifestyle intervention program was practical and effective in improving health behaviors and obesity‐related knowledge for children in China. This study provides important policy implications on school‐based intervention programs for modifications of obesity‐related lifestyles.","n","duplicate record",null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"education",1,null,0,0,0,"Nanjing City (china)",252,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1564,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nanjing"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1564,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"China"},"ChinaNanjing",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1564,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},2]
["Nct",2017,"Reducing HIV Risk in Urban Women: soap Opera Videos on Video-Capable Cell Phones","This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to evaluate \"Love, Sex, & Choices\" (LSC), a video‐based intervention to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sex risk behaviors in young adult urban women. Consisting of 12‐weekly soap opera videos lasting up to 20 minutes each, messages about reducing HIV sexual risk are communicated through the drama and context of relationships, a strength of the soap opera modality. Based on true stories analyzed from focus groups, viewers can identify with the heroines in the videos who suffer tragedy and heartbreak and transform their behavior through a new awareness of their value as women, their choices, and their potential. Women watch a new video sequel weekly for 12 weeks on smartphones. A control group receives text/audio messages concerning HIV risk reduction. If successful, the public health impact is that women at risk for HIV will be able to access video interventions to reduce HIV risk on personal mobile devices. Prior to this work, a 43‐minute soap opera video, \"A Story about Toni, Mike, and Valerie\" had been produced and pilot tested by the Principal Investigator (PI) on handheld computers (RO3 NR009349). Findings had indicated the video was highly appealing and there was a statistically significant short‐term reduction in stereotypical gender views about the need to engage in unprotected sex in the video intervention arm that was not observed in the control arm. The current RCT seeks to test the effect of the LSC series on sex risk behavior as compared to a control receiving HIV prevention text messages. Analysis and story development had been guided by Sex Script Theory and the Theory of Power as Knowing Participation in Change; as well as, content analysis of focus groups with urban young adult African American and Latina women. Consistent with the theories and focus group analyses, the new LSC series elaborates on the original story weaving in the stories of four women. In both the RO3 pilot study and the related National Library of Medicine funded study (1 G08 LM008349‐01), the use of small handheld computers to watch the video was found to be enjoyable and promoted a sense of privacy. Based on these promising findings concerning the experience of viewing videos on small handheld devices, the popularity of cell phones in this age group, and that the use of cell phones to watch videos is growing as cell phone technology, multimedia, and Internet connections improve, the present study seeks to deliver the weekly series of videos on smartphones. There are several advantages of viewing videos on smartphones, in particular the freedom to watch the intervention videos often and in privacy. This study is also consistent with several NINR objectives stated in its strategic plan. These are: to apply findings concerning the social and cultural context of health behavior to health promotion, to develop and test interactive web‐based and wireless technologies to eliminate health disparities, and to refine methods in the delivery of health promotion. The overall aim of this study is to conduct a RCT to determine whether the 12‐week series of theory‐based urban soap operas will reduce HIV sexual risk behavior. The specific aims of this study are: Aim1. Complete final editing phase of LSC, a series of 12, 20‐minute soap opera videos, and 12 HIV health promotion text/audio messages that will be released weekly and viewed on smartphones. Aim 2. Deploy the web‐based applications, specifically: a) integrate voice and text files into the audio computer assisted self‐interview (ACASI) for access on desk top computers b) stream the videos to the video intervention group and send text/audio messages to the control group for viewing on smartphones c) maintain password protected availability so the video intervention group can watch the videos (or control group view text messages) anytime during the 12‐weeks d) track how often and how long each video(or text) is viewed, and e) secure hardware and networks. Aim 3. Conduct a RCT with 250 urban women aged 18 to 2 in two adjacent cities with a high incidence of HIV/AIDS. Inclusion criteria are women with high sex risk behavior. Eligibility screening will be accomplished by utilizing a previously developed ACASI that functions as a decision support system (DSS) to assign a level of risk based on responses to the screening interview. If supported by results, promote public access to the videos on the study dedicated web site. The following hypotheses were tested in the RCT: Primary hypotheses 1) The video group will have greater reductions in unprotected sex with all high risk sex partners (as measured by the USR score) from baseline to 3 and 6 months than will the control group. 2) The video group will have greater reduction in sexual pressure scores from baseline to 3 and 6 months than will the control group. Secondary hypotheses: Compared to the control group, the video group will have 1) greater reductions in USR with high risk main partner/s from baseline to 3 and 6 months, 2) greater reductions in USR with non‐main and secondary partners at 3 and 6 months, and, 3) The video group will have fewer high risk sex partners at 3 and 6 months.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,null,1,null,7,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1565,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1565,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1565,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Nct",2017,"Psychosocial Intervention With Community Worker Support for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence","Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex problem because it is associated with factors at a variety of levels which include the individual, conjugal, societal, cultural, and institutional, which can all also act as barriers to accessing mental health services. Survivors of IPV are vulnerable to an array of mental health illnesses which include post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, emotional dependency and low self‐esteem. A variety of psychotherapies are available to improve mental illnesses, however there is uncertainty on which is the superior approach. In Colombia there are no national guidelines outlining which therapy should be used, rather, psychologists use their preferred approach or approaches which may include humanistic or psychoanalytical methods. Furthermore, patients with mental health problems face a large waiting list for initial and follow‐up psychotherapy appointments, often fail to attend and do not complete their treatment. This study will be conducted in two cities, Cali and Tuluá, in the state Valle del Cauca that have high levels of IPV, internally displaced conflict victims and large socioeconomic inequalities. The study´s hypothesis is that a psychologist led cognitive‐behavioral intervention with Lay Psychosocial Community Worker (LPCW) support is superior to treatment as usual to reduce mental illness symptoms. The study's objective is to improve mental illness symptoms of female survivors of IPV through the program IPCCOS, a Cognitive‐Behavioral Intervention with Community Worker Support for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence (IPCCOS is the abbreviation for its name in Spanish: Intervención Psicoterapéutico Cognitivo‐Conductual con Apoyo Comunitario para Sobrevivientes de Violencia de Pareja). IPCCOS was developed by the CISALVA Institute at the Universidad del Valle (Cali), the Universidad Central del Valle del Cauca UCEVA (Tuluá), with assistance from Heartland Alliance International (HAI) to provide and test an alternative intervention for female survivors of IPV. Each patient will be offered 11 weekly psychotherapy sessions which will be divided between a psychologist and a LPCW. The LPCWs in the study will come from community women groups who are already working in women´s rights and have exposure to violence against women and the relevant medico‐legal systems. They will receive up to a week of intensive training from study psychologists and a psychologist from HAI who is trained in cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) and has experience training and supervising LPCWs in other mental health studies in Colombia. Approximately six weeks after initiating the intervention, LPCWs will receive a further day of training. LPCWs will assign tasks to patients which have been set by the psychologist and will assist them to overcome any barriers to attend their appointments. They will be closely supervised by the psychologist once per week to discuss their patients. A randomized control trial study design will be used to compare and evaluate the two groups. Patients will be recruited from health services if they are found to have experimented IPV in the last year and will be randomly assigned by block randomization to either treatment as usual or the IPCCOS (intervention group). Patients will be invited to participate in the study from three sources: ‐ General physician outpatient appointments. ‐ Hospital data bases. Hospital records will be searched to detect patients that have experienced IPV and that have not commenced psychotherapy. This will be performed retrospectively to search for patients that were given this diagnosis of IPV between January 2017 and September 2017. They will be contacted via phone, given a brief description of the study and if they are interested in participating, they will be invited to meet a health professional who will give a more detailed description of the study and take informed consent. ‐ Patients that are detected to have experienced IPV in the Emergency Department will be told about the study. They wil only be asked to decide on their participation one week after they have been discharged. In the treatment as usual group, patients normally receive psychotherapy every four weeks, depending on demand. There is no pre‐established number of sessions as this depends on the clinical condition and the patient´s adherence. In the intervention group, patients will be offered eleven weekly cognitive‐behavioral sessions that will be delivered by psychologists and LPCWs. In addition, they will receive phone calls from LPCWs to remind them of their appointments. The sessions will be divided between psychologists and LPCWs in the following scheme: 1. Psychologist 2. Psychologist 3. Psychologist 4. LPCW 5. LPCW 6. Psychologist 7. LPCW 8. LPCW 9. Psychologist 10. LPCW 11. Psychologist LPCWs will meet with psychologists on a weekly basis to discuss their patients and any safety concerns. Patients who exhibit severe mental illness symptoms during the intervention such as suicidal ideation, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder will be referred to the project psychiatrist for specialist care. An array of instruments will be applied during the study to measure mental illness symptoms, functionality, IPV experience and other forms of violence. These measures will be taken immediately before starting psychotherapy and two weeks and six months after completing the intervention in the intervention group. Patients in the control group will have instruments applied before commencing psychotherapy and fourteen weeks and twenty‐two weeks after starting. Sample size: A sample size was calculated according to the following formula (comparison of means from the intervention and control groups): n = 2 (Zα + Zβ)² * S² (x1 ‐ x2) ² The sample size was calculated using values from a previous cognitive‐behavioral intervention for armed‐conflict victims of Buenaventura and Quibdó, Colombia (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01856673). An Alfa error of 5%, power of 80%, and standard deviation of 30 was used. The sample size of each arm necessary to obtain a significant difference in means of symptoms between the control and intervention group is: n = 2 (1.96 + 0.842)² * 30² / (20) ² n = 35 According to this calculation a minimum of 35 volunteers must be recruited into each arm per city (Cali and Tuluá), which means that overall 70 volunteers will be recruited into the intervention group and 70 volunteers into the control group giving a total of 140 volunteers in the study. Information will be collected using digital tablets and transferred to a database designed for the study. Confidentiality will be ensured by not including identifying variables. An exploratory analysis to identify extreme values or missing data will be performed and medical records will be revised to verify some of the information. A sample of the instruments applied in the study will be audited. Multiple imputation techniques will be used for all missing data including those resulting from lost to follow up. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis based on probability weighting will be used as a covariate in the final analysis for all missing data. The anticipated results are a reduction in anxiety, depression, PTSD, low self‐esteem and emotional dependency symptoms, which will be greater in patients in the intervention group compared those in the control group.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Intimate partner violence",1,44,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Cali and Tuluá",34,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1566,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Cali"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1566,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Colombia"},"ColombiaCali",6,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1566,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},0]
["Nct",2016,"RCT of the Effectiveness of Big White Wall Compared to Other Online Support","Introduction Unipolar depression and anxiety are respectively the second and seventh leading causes of years lived with disability in the world among all health problems according to the World Health Organisation. Self‐support methods of management of depression and anxiety through a population approach such as online therapy and peer support is attractive for a number of reasons including: the scale of the problem and the ability of current services to cope; providing choice about the management of their symptoms; creating personal empowerment; developing supportive social networks; recurrence prevention. The use of public health interventions for physical conditions such as cigarette smoking, weight loss and diabetes is increasingly utilised and effective in reaching the wider public. Big White Wall Big White Wall (BWW) is a well‐established digital service (website and apps) 3 that offers: ‐ Online assessment of mental health problems and physical co‐morbidities ‐ Moderated on‐line peer support ‐ Guided support and live therapy It is based on public health principles, emphasises a recovery model to improve well‐being and is based theoretically on a social model of depression emphasising autonomy, hopefulness and support. There are no waiting lists, eligibility criteria and opening hours (available 24/7). It operates a community principle that each person is supported within cultures of respect, tolerance, mutual learning and safety, and procedures such as specially trained counsellors employed by BWW as \"wall guides\" try to ensure that this principle is maintained. Patterns of use are often short‐term over 3 to 6 weeks but people often utilise BWW at times of further need with a substantial proportion using it for longer periods on a more regular basis. Over that time people with depression and anxiety show clinically important improvement. The case for online peer support interventions Peer support internet interventions such as BWW take less effort for service users than internet guided cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) as it allows the user to choose when and how to access it rather than be committed to a pre‐defined course of treatment. The overall effectiveness of BWW may be in keeping with the social model of depression and anxiety from which the website was conceived; that the onset of depression or anxiety may be precipitated by insufficient social support during a time of self‐perceived threat to a person's well‐being from a life event. Conversely, relief from depression or anxiety may be found through increased social support and improved life events and security. BWW can therefore guide its users towards appropriate psycho‐social support as and when they require it, whilst retaining autonomy through making their own decisions about how to use that support. An important aspect of BWW's public health approach is to reach out to isolated people with poor quality social support and a perceived threat to their wellbeing. It aims to provide a population based service that doesn't require a personal subscription so that the most disadvantaged are able to benefit. Currently BWW has been purchased by the armed forces, some universities and 25% of Clinical Commissioning groups (CCGs) throughout England which provides free access to 98% of users. However for a wider uptake by commissioners locally and nationally the service must be tested in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to understand who, when and how BWW is utilised and its' clinical and cost effectiveness, compared to online information alone. Trial Objectives To use the RE‐AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation including economics, Maintenance) to explore the efficacy and reach of an internet intervention (online peer support) compared to online information for people with depression and anxiety. Use qualitative analysis to determine the engagement and experiences of the participants in the BWW arm of the study to understand the motivations for use, patterns and levels of engagement (e.g. active user ersus 'lurker'), negative experiences and beliefs about efficacy and role in personal empowerment. More specifically the trial objectives are: 1. To determine the short‐term clinical effectiveness of Big White Wall (BWW) versus the National Health Service (NHS) Choices Moodzone (MZ) website on well‐being (primary outcome). 2. To determine the number and representativeness of participants invited and eligible to receive BWW or the NHS Choices Moodzone website. 3. To determine the number, percent and representativeness of NHS primary care practices and organisations, secondary care mental health, community and acute trust, third sector and social care organisations that referred people to either BWW or the NHS Choices Moodzone website 4. To explore the implementation of the BWW programme including barriers and drivers to reach, effectiveness and adoption and an economic evaluation of its costs and cost effectiveness from personal, social and health care perspectives. 5. To explore the maintenance of treatment effects on well‐being, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, quality of life and social function over 6 months in service users 6. With Academic Helth Science Network (AHSN) East Midlands to record the take up by organisations and implementation (number, percent, representativeness in East Midlands) of BWW across the East Midlands after the trial has been completed 7. Explore user engagement and experiences of BWW through qualitative interviews and text analysis Expected duration in the trial is 6 months. Implementation A managed network of practice will be established ideally with representation from the mental health leads from Nottingham City and Nottinghamshire CCGs and public health together with the User consultant and a GP Knowledge Broker as well as key members of National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) MindTech and the study team. This network will ensure that both the engagement strategy and the research project itself are optimised and that important learning on implementation is collected. The results of this RE‐AIM study will provide a rich database of information to inform CCGs and Health and Wellbeing Boards on who BWW and other digital mental health services might reach Access to BWW across the East Midlands will depend on commissioning decisions at a public health and primary care level. At the end of the study we will work with AHSN East Midlands and Public Health England to present these findings to Directors of Public Health and mental health leads for each CCG or consortium of CCGs, Healthwatch representatives and mental health providers in the East Midlands together with a directory of alternative providers of similar services.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","MH",1,25,2,"digital",4,null,0,0,0,"nottingham",148,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1567,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nottingham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1567,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandNottingham",3,3,1]
["Nct",2016,"Outcomes in Youth Visiting the ED With Mental Health Issues: a Pilot Text Based Intervention","Background/Significance The number of youth visiting the ED with MH issues has risen dramatically in the last decade.1 EDs have become a safety net for a strained mental health system that is under resourced and lacks adequate services to meet demands at the impatient and outpatient level.2 EDs bear a high burden of caring for children and adolescents with acute psychiatric illness, and pediatric patients with MH‐related visits require substantial ED resources.2,3 Visits to the ED for MH are longer, more likely to be triaged to urgent evaluation and result in more admissions or transfers compared to visits for other reasons.4,5 ED revisits are also are also common in pediatric MH patients, with a recent study finding return rates of 6‐9% within 72 hours, and return rates around 30% over a 4‐year study period.6 ED visits for children and adolescents with MH concerns are resource intensive, and further research will be crucial for improving the management of these patients.2,3 Information lacking on resources needed by MH diagnostic subgroup: MH issues encountered by ED physicians cover a broad range of diagnoses. Bardach et al. examined MH hospitalizations and identified the following as the most common diagnostic subgroups: depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis, externalizing disorder, anxiety disorder, ADHD, eating disorder, substance abuse, reaction disorder and autism.7 ED visits for MH concerns are often thought to mainly involve suicide attempts, self‐harm behavior or psychosis, but a recent study of a large urban pediatric ED found that almost half of the visits were for behavioral problems.8 Preliminary data has described that almost half of the behavioral assessments done at CH in 2013 were on individuals with developmental disorders (i.e. autism spectrum disorders). The number of MH ED visits for behavioral issues is growing, but there is limited information regarding this population.8 Overall, the ED experience has not been well documented based upon diagnostic subgroup, but there are critical differences in MH patients depending on their primary concern, specifically connection to outpatient resources and risk of ED revisit.8,9 In order to more efficiently help MH youth it is crucial to obtain information regarding services, and how this differs by diagnostic subgroup.8 Text‐messaging to improve MH referral follow‐up: The ED represents a suboptimal care setting for MH youth but does provide an important opportunity to identify children and adolescents in crisis and connect them with external resources.8 Unfortunately, successful follow‐up with MH resources by ED patients has been shown to be low, with some studies finding follow‐up rates below 30%.10,11 A recent study found that 66% of patients visiting the ED with suicidal behaviors successfully followed up with a mental health provider, a more positive number, but one that still shows a large need for improvement.12 Strategies are needed to improve successful follow‐up with MH outpatient referrals as failure to comply with ED discharge guidelines could result in worsening of symptoms and return visits to the ED. While ED providers have a unique opportunity to identify MH youth and provide referrals, they also have limited time and resources. If an intervention is to be incorporated into usual care in the ED, it must be simple, efficient, and easy to replicate. Automated text messaging reminders have been shown to increase attendance to healthcare appointments.13 Over 90% of Americans reported owning a cell phone in 2013, and 81% report using their cell phone to send or receive text messages.14 In addition, the cost and personnel requirements needed to implement an automated text message based system are low, making this a unique intervention technique that could be easily incorporated into usual care in any ED.15 A recent study found that automated text message appointment reminders improved follow‐up attendance to primary or specialty care in adult ED patients.15 Additional research is needed to examine the potential of a text m ssage strategy to increase attendance to follow‐up appointments in a diverse population of youth visiting the ED the MH concerns. Conclusion: The overall goal of the proposed study is to collect vital information needed to develop programs that improve outcomes and reduce revisits in children and adolescents who present to the ED with primary MH concerns. Pediatric ED visits for MH issues are increasing.1 The current system is in need of improvement, yet more information is needed to accelerate change, including information on which MH populations need to be targeted, and on simple, reproducible interventions which improve connection with community resources. The proposed project will collect data on a cohort of MH patients from two large urban EDs to characterize diagnostic subgroups and current access to care, will follow all patients 3‐months post visit to identify risk factors for ED revisits and barriers to outpatient care, and will test a novel text message reminder system focused on improving the linkage of MH patients with follow‐up referrals. The EDs of CH provide the vast majority of emergent pediatric care within the Twin City Metro area, and a substantial proportion of these visits are mental health related. The proposed project provides a unique opportunity to meet the study goals, and sets the stage for future work focused on improving care and outcomes for MH youth. Research Question 1. Which pediatric MH patients visiting the ED at CH are in the most need of additional support (lowest baseline access to and utilization of outpatient care, highest risk of ED revisit, lowest follow‐up with outpatient referrals)? 2. Does a targeted text‐message communication method improve compliance with ED discharge in pediatric MH patients? Specific Aims and Hypotheses 1. Characterize the primary MH concerns of children and adolescent visiting the EDs of CH and assesses their baseline access to and utilization of external MH resources. Hypothesis: MH patients will represent several subgroups of primary concerns and these subgroups will differ in their baseline connection to and utilization of community resources. 2. Follow all enrolled MH patients post visit to determine factors associated with ED revisits and barriers to outpatient care. Hypothesis: Patients who have public or no insurance, who visit the ED with self‐inflicted injuries, or who identify multiple barriers to connecting with outpatient MH care will have higher rates of ED revisits. 3. Develop and test a novel text‐message communication method focused on increasing rates of discharge referral follow‐up in ED patients with MH concerns. Hypothesis: Patients randomized to a text‐message communication system will have higher rates of follow‐up care and lower rates of ED revisit compared to patients who receive usual care","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Mental Health",2,25,2,null,1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Twin Cities",220,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1568,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Minneapolis"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1568,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaMinneapolis",1,1,0]
["Nct",2016,"Community Health Campaign: fitter Families Project","In 2011, United Nations (UN) addressed the prevention and control of four non‐communicable diseases (NCDs: cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes mellitus) worldwide. The UN, in its Political Declaration, recognized the critical importance of reducing the exposure to the common modifiable risk factors for NCDs, namely, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and the harmful use of alcohol. In Hong Kong, NCDs are responsible for more than 85% of all deaths and most of these are preventable. FAMILY Project Cohort Study (2014) also found that 88.6% of Hong Kong people had inadequate vegetable and fruit intake, 70.6% had inadequate physical exercise, 26.4% were overweight and 5.4% were obese. Hong Kong, being the most westernized and developed city of China, can take a leading role in promoting and implementing the UN Political Declaration. Families worldwide have been undergoing rapid changes with macro, social and economic trends. Demographic shifts, economic upheavals, changing societal norms and values, immigration across national borders and migration within nations are creating new and altered structures, processes and relationships within families. The increasingly complex and diverse family structure contributes to concerns regarding the well‐being of families in Hong Kong, including their health, happiness and harmony (FAMILY 3Hs). Family life and health education should be strengthened to meet the increasing needs of promoting healthy lifestyle among Hong Kong families. The results from the baseline findings of FAMILY Project Cohort Study (2014) revealed that only 27.9% of the participants considered themselves to be 'happy', while 15.6% of the participants were classified as 'unhappy'. Nearly one‐third (30.7%) of the participants reported having experienced at least one stressful life event in the previous year due to heavier workload (10.8%), serious health problems of a family member (6.8%), worsening financial situation (6.2%), health problems of oneself (5.1%), or death of a family member (4.7%). Furthermore, more than half of the participants (52.5%) reported having some source of dyadic conflicts with family members. In response to these changes in the contexts and nature of the family, the Fitter Families Project (FFP) with a focus on \"FAMILY Holistic Health\", will be conducted in order to increase the awareness of the importance of FAMILY 3Hs. There are several definitions of family health. On the functional level, the terms family health, family functioning, and healthy family are often used interchangeably. Family health has been described as complex system, interactions, relationships and processes with the potential to enhance both well‐being and the entire household's health, and routines in the family may affect family health. Despite the different perspectives in the definitions, family health should be holistically defined, encompass both wellness and illness variables and focus on the interactive, developmental, functional, psychosocial, and health processes of family experience. Therefore, family health may be described as a dynamic process that maintains or changes the relative state of well‐being, including elements of family systems, such as biological, psychological, spiritual, and sociocultural aspects. Hence, the FFP focuses on \"FAMILY Holistic Health\" which is to emphasize a more comprehensive and wide reaching aim and includes physical, mental and social health and well‐being. Over the past six years, the FAMILY project has been working on community‐based projects to promote FAMILY 3Hs. Since 2010, the Christian Family Service Centre (CFSC) in collaboration with the School of Public Health of the University of the Hong Kong (HKU) implemented a community‐based Learning Families Project (LFP) to promote family health, happiness and harmony (3Hs). As a component of the FAMILY Project, the LFP had built up an effective practice model through collaboration among various project partners and showed good evidence of effectivenes in developing a learning culture in the families, enhancing family communication time and quality, increasing neighborhood cohesion and resilience and promoting FAMILY 3Hs. Therefore, the FFP is developed based on the strong foundation of the LFP in the previous years. In view of the health challenges locally and globally, the new phase of FAMILY project will put more emphasis on health in the upcoming three years. Following the theme on FAMILY 3Hs, the FFP focuses on family holistic health with emphasis on the interaction and integration of both physical and psychosocial health. In Hong Kong, most 'health projects' only focus on individual's physical health and usually separate physical from mental or psychosocial health. This new project focuses not only on individuals' health but on the whole family and holistic health. The investigators strive to help family members influence each other to have better holistic health. The focus on family is a new and unique concept which is an innovative, long‐term and highly sustainable approach at the community level. With the involvement of family members, Hong Kong families can develop and change their lifestyles which impact on families' health. The investigators will use a family‐focused approach and adopt a holistic perspective to design a sustainable family holistic health intervention model in the community to meet the global health challenges identified by UN. The innovative family holistic health intervention model will emphasize on the interaction and integration of physical health and psychosocial health, using physical exercise as the platform to promote fitter families, which will ultimately enhance the FAMILY 3Hs. Thus, the ultimate objective of this community‐based project is \"FAMILY holistic health\" for FAMILY 3Hs. In practice, the investigators will use innovative integrated public health theories and minimal methods to plan brief, simple and cost‐effective interventions targeted at families, with collaboration with experienced NGO partners and community stakeholders. Hence, a larger number of people will be able to benefit from the program, leading to greater sustainability and wider dissemination as the administration of project will be easier and the costs will be lower. The \"FAMILY Holistic Health\" community‐based project aims at promoting a higher level of physical exercise for people of all ages which will enhance family interaction, pleasure and well‐being. The project can help families to build positive attitudes with stronger motivation for family members to improve their holistic health by encouraging each other to have healthy active lifestyle and enjoy the processes with quick and measurable benefits. The evaluations conducted will be vigorous and evidence generating with quantitative and qualitative methods and follow‐ups to assess behavioral changes and improvements in the key components of family well‐being. The data will be provided to the participants for developing their own health action plan. In order to assess the effectiveness of the interventions on improving individual and family well‐being and for future program development, the data will also be used for program evaluation. Thus, this proposal is to seek approval from IRB to collect data from the participants, to use the data for in depth analyses, and to write up scientific papers based on the findings.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","physcial activity",1,29,2,"programme",0,"not stated",0,0,0,"Hong Kong",91,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1569,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hong Kong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1569,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHong Kong",20,4,0]
["Nct",2015,"Happy Family Kitchen Movement Project","In 2011, United Nations (UN) gathered to address the prevention and control of non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. The UN, in its Political Declaration, recognized the critical importance of reducing the level of exposure to the common modifiable risk factors for NCDs, such as physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. In Hong Kong, NCDs are responsible for more than 85% of all deaths and most of these are preventable. FAMILY Project Cohort Study (2014) also found that 88.6% of Hong Kong people had inadequate vegetable and fruit intake, 70.6% had inadequate physical exercise, 26.4% were overweight and 5.4% were obese. Hong Kong, being the most westernized and developed city of China, can take a leading role in promoting and implementing the UN Political Declaration. Families worldwide are undergoing rapid changes together with macro, social and economic trends. Demographic shifts, economic upheavals, changing societal norms and values, both immigration across national borders and migration within nations are creating new and altered structures, processes, and relationships within families. The increasingly complex and diverse family structure is leading to a major concern in the well‐being of families in Hong Kong, including their health, happiness and harmony (3Hs). Family life and health education should be strengthened to meet the increasing needs of healthy lifestyle promotion. The results from the baseline findings of FAMILY Project Cohort Study (2014) revealed that only 27.9% of the participants considered themselves to be 'happy' while 15.6% of the participants were classified as 'unhappy'. Nearly one‐third (30.7%) of the participants reported having experienced at least one stressful life event in the previous year due to heavier workload (10.8%), serious health problems of a family member (6.8%), worsening financial situation (6.2%), health problems (5.1%), or death of a family member (4.7%). Furthermore, more than half of the participants (52.5%) reported having some source of dyadic conflict with family members. In response to these family and health challenges, the Happy Family Kitchen Movement (HFKM) project, with a focus on \"FAMILY Holistic Health\", will be conducted at territory‐wide level in Hong Kong. There are now many definitions and operationally defined terms on family health. On the functional level, the terms family health, family functioning, and healthy family are often used interchangeably (Hanson & Boyd, 1996). Family health has been described as complex system, interactions, relationships and processes with the potential to enhance both well‐being and the entire household's health, and routines in the family may affect family health (Denham, 1999, 2002; Yoshikawa, 2012). Despite the different perspectives in the definitions, family health should be holistically defined, encompass both wellness and illness variables and focus on the interactive, developmental, functional, psychosocial, and health processes of family experience (Anderson & Tomlinso, 1992). Hence, the HFK Movement project will focus on \"FAMILY Holistic Health\" which is to emphasize a more comprehensive and wide reaching aim and includes the physical, psychological and social aspects of well‐being. Over the past six years, the FAMILY project has been working on community‐based projects to promote 3Hs. Since September 2010, the Happy Family Kitchen I project (HFK) was launched in Yuen Long district, with the mission to promote 3Hs by building capacity for families on positive communication. As a component of the FAMILY Project, the HFK project had demonstrated the impact to build up an effective practice model through collaboration among various project partners. HFK II was an improved version, extended and introduced to Tsuen Wan & Kwai Tsing districts in April 2012. The School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, collaborated with The Hong Kong Council of Social Service in the training, design and implementation, and conducted project evaluations for HFK I & II projects, which showed that the p ojects were well received by the family members in Yuen Long, Tsuen Wan and Kwai Tsing districts, with significantly improved 3Hs and intervention‐related behaviors. Therefore, the HFKM project is developed based on the strong foundation of the HFK projects in the previous years. In view of the physical health challenges locally and globally, the new phase of FAMILY project will put more emphasis on physical health in the upcoming three years. Following the theme on FAMILY 3Hs, the new work focus is to promote family holistic health with emphasis on the interaction and integration of physical and psychosocial health. In Hong Kong, most 'health projects' only focus on individual's physical health and usually separate physical from mental or psychosocial health. The focus of this project not only emphasizes on individuals' health but on the family's holistic health. It is aimed to help family members influence each other for healthier lifestyles. The focus on family is a new and unique concept which is an innovative, long‐term and highly sustainable at the community level. With the involvement of family members, Hong Kong families can change their lifestyles and make a difference and impact on their health. A family‐focused approach will be used and a holistic perspective will be adopted to design a sustainable family holistic health intervention model in the community to meet the global health challenges. The innovative family holistic health intervention model will emphasize on the interaction and integration of physical health and psychosocial health, based on positive psychology (Seligman, 2002; Seligman, 2011; Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000), using physical exercise and healthy diet as the platform to promote finer and fitter families, which will ultimately enhance the 3Hs. Thus, the ultimate objective of the community‐based project is family holistic health for 3Hs. In practice, innovative integrated positive psychology, public health theories and minimal methods will be used to develop brief, simple and cost‐effective interventions targeted at families, in collaboration with experienced NGO partners and community stakeholders. Training workshops for the promotion of family holistic health will be conducted for the facilitators of the community‐based family intervention programs. Hence, a larger number of people will be able to benefit from the program which can have greater sustainability and wider dissemination as it will be easy to administer and the costs will be low. The community‐based family intervention programs will be aimed at promoting a higher level of physical exercise and a healthy diet for people of all ages which will enhance family interaction, pleasure and well‐being. The use of positive psychology approach can help families develop positive attitudes and stronger motivation for healthy lifestyles. By working together with family members to have more physical exercise and consume less sugar, the process will be enjoyable with quick and measurable benefits, which will ultimately enhance sustainability within the family and beyond. The evaluations conducted will be vigorous and evidence generating with quantitative and qualitative methods and follow‐ups to assess behavioral changes and improvements in the key components of family well‐being. For program development, process evaluation will also be a source for data collection. This study has two major objectives: 1. To examine the effectiveness of positive psychology and physical exercise intervention (PE) for the promotion of family health, happiness and harmony (3Hs). 2. To examine the effectiveness of positive psychology and healthy diet intervention (HD) for the promotion of family health, happiness and harmony (3Hs). The community‐based family intervention is expected to: 1. improve family health, happiness and harmony 2. promote physical and psychosocial health 3. enhance family communication 4. encourage behaviors on positive psychology, physical exercise and healthy diet","y",null,null,"Journal Article","NCD",1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"hong kong",91,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1570,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hong Kong"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1570,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHong Kong",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1570,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Neven, D., Paulozzi, L., Howell, D., McPherson, S., Murphy, S. M., Grohs, B., Marsh, L., Lederhos, C. and Roll, J.",2016,"A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Citywide Emergency Department Care Coordination Program to Reduce Prescription Opioid Related Emergency Department Visits","Background Increasing prescription overdose deaths have demonstrated the need for safer emergency department (ED) prescribing practices for patients who are frequent ED users. Objectives We hypothesized that the care of frequent ED users would improve using a citywide care coordination program combined with an ED care coordination information system, as measured by fewer ED visits by and decreased controlled substance prescribing to these patients. Methods We conducted a multisite randomized controlled trial (RCT) across all EDs in a metropolitan area; 165 patients with the most ED visits for complaints of pain were randomized. For the treatment arm, drivers of ED use were identified by medical record review. Patients and their primary care providers were contacted by phone. Each patient was discussed at a community multidisciplinary meeting where recommendations for ED care were formed. The ED care recommendations were stored in an ED information exchange system that faxed them to the treating ED provider when the patient presented to the ED. The control arm was subjected to treatment as usual. Results The intervention arm experienced a 34% decrease (incident rate ratios = 0.66, p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval 0.57–0.78) in ED visits and an 80% decrease (odds ratio = 0.21, p = 0.001) in the odds of receiving an opioid prescription from the ED relative to the control group. Declines of 43.7%, 53.1%, 52.9%, and 53.1% were observed in the treatment group for morphine milligram equivalents, controlled substance pills, prescriptions, and prescribers, respectively. Conclusion This RCT showed the effectiveness of a citywide ED care coordination program in reducing ED visits and controlled substance prescribing. © 2016 The Author(s)","y",null,null,"Journal Article","ED prescribing errors",2,23,2,"presecribing protocol",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1571,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1571,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,1]
["Yang, J., Hong, Y. and Ma, S.",2016,"Impact of the new health care reform on hospital expenditure in China: A case study from a pilot city","This study evaluates the preliminary effects of the new healthcare reform plan for hospital expenditures in China. Cross-sectional patient-level data are used for the analysis. We employ an endogenous switching regression model to account for heterogeneity and sample selection. The results show that the reform plan can significantly reduce total hospitalization expenses and medication fees for patients who select the pilot hospital. It may exert inadequate control over inspection fees, but as the advance of the reform, the control is likely to improve gradually. Our findings underscore the importance of realigning incentives for healthcare providers in China. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","hospital reform",2,39,2,null,3,null,8,0,0,"chinese city",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1572,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1572,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,4,0]
["Morrow, R., Ferretti, L., Norwood, C., Reich, D., Chito-Childs, E., McCallion, P., Tiburcio, J., McGee, E. and Lopez, J. A.",2016,"Improving the reach of the national diabetes prevention program within a health disparities population: A bronx new york pilot project crossing health- and community-based sectors","Introduction: Diabetes affects upward of 30% of South Bronx residents. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) reduces risk of progression to diabetes, yet implementation has been elusive within health disparities populations. Methods: This community-based, collaborative project piloted the NDPP in the South Bronx and evaluated implementation challenges and enablers. The New York State training group prepared community peer lifestyle coaches recruited by a community organization. A professional society trained academic detailers from local faculty. An interview process evaluated community needs and public health officials’ beliefs. A portal managed by the New York State training group collected demographic and biometric data from the community participants and facilitated online registration. Data from interviews and observations were coded systematically using a thematic analysis framework. Results: We were successful at recruiting and training 14 lifestyle coaches and 7 academic detailers, as well as recruiting members of the health disparities population in the South Bronx into the program. Fifty-two individuals completed the first 6 months of the yearlong program, attending an average of 12.7 of 16 sessions. By week 16, weight loss averaged 7.4 lbs and many had doubled their minutes of physical activity. Local electronic referral and feedback systems were developed. Discussion: Health professionals, their teams, public health centers, and communities can work together to prevent diabetes by enhancing the reach of the NDPP to health disparities populations. Peer education using lifestyle coaches can provide a trustworthy process for crossing the boundaries between health teams and community support groups. © 2016 The Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health Professions, the Association for Hospital Medical Education, and the Society for Academic Continuing Medical Education.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diabetes",1,9,2,null,1,null,2,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1573,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1573,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Wood, L., Wood, N. J. R., Vallesi, S., Stafford, A., Davies, A. and Cumming, C.",2019,"Hospital collaboration with a Housing First program to improve health outcomes for people experiencing homelessness","Purpose: Homelessness is a colossal issue, precipitated by a wide array of social determinants, and mirrored in substantial health disparities and a revolving hospital door. Connecting people to safe and secure housing needs to be part of the health system response. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach: This mixed-methods paper presents emerging findings from the collaboration between an inner city hospital, a specialist homeless medicine GP service and Western Australia’s inaugural Housing First collective impact project (50 Lives 50 Homes) in Perth. This paper draws on data from hospitals, homelessness community services and general practice. Findings: This collaboration has facilitated hospital identification and referral of vulnerable rough sleepers to the Housing First project, and connected those housed to a GP and after hours nursing support. For a cohort (n=44) housed now for at least 12 months, significant reductions in hospital use and associated costs were observed. Research limitations/implications: While the observed reductions in hospital use in the year following housing are based on a small cohort, this data and the case studies presented demonstrate the power of care coordinated across hospital and community in this complex cohort. Practical implications: This model of collaboration between a hospital and a Housing First project can not only improve discharge outcomes and re-admission in the shorter term, but can also contribute to ending homelessness which is itself, a social determinant of poor health. Originality/value: Coordinated care between hospitals and programmes to house people who are homeless can significantly reduce hospital use and healthcare costs, and provides hospitals with the opportunity to contribute to more systemic solutions to ending homelessness. © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","homeless health",1,0,2,"homes for homeless",2,"collbaration",2,0,0,"Perth",240,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1574,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Perth"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1574,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"australia"},"australiaPerth",9,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1574,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},1]
["Keene, C. M., Aluvaala, J., Murphy, G. A. V., Abuya, N., Gathara, D. and English, M.",2019,"Developing recommendations for neonatal inpatient care service categories: Reflections from the research, policy and practice interface in Kenya","Neonatal deaths contribute a growing proportion to childhood mortality, and increasing access to inpatient newborn care has been identified as a potential driver of improvements in child health. However, previous work by this research team identified substantial gaps in the coverage and standardisation of inpatient newborn care in Nairobi City County, Kenya. To address the issue in this particular setting, we sought to draft recommendations on the categorisation of neonatal inpatient services through a process of policy review, evidence collation and examination of guidance in other countries. This work supported discussions by a panel of local experts representing a diverse set of stakeholders, who focused on formulating pragmatic, context-relevant guidance. Experts in the discussions rapidly agreed on overarching priorities guiding their decision-making, and that three categories of inpatient neonatal care (standard, intermediate and intensive care) were appropriate. Through a modified nominal group technique, they achieved consensus on allocating 36 of the 38 proposed services to these categories and made linked recommendations on minimum healthcare worker requirements (skill mix and staff numbers). This process was embedded in the local context where the need had been identified, and required only modest resources to produce recommendations on the categorisation of newborn inpatient care that the experts agreed could be relevant in other Kenyan settings. Recommendations prioritised the strengthening of existing facilities linked to a need to develop effective referral systems. In particular, expansion of access to the standard category of inpatient neonatal care was recommended. The process and the agreed categorisations could inform discussion in other low-resource settings seeking to address unmet needs for inpatient neonatal care. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","noenatal care",2,39,2,"networks of care",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Nairobi City ",244,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1575,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nairobi"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1575,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"kenya"},"kenyaNairobi",62,6,0]
["García-Martínez, E., Soler-González, J., Rubí-Carnacea, F., García-Martínez, B., Climent-Sanz, C., Blanco-Blanco, J. and Valenzuela-Pascual, F.",2019,"The influence of an educational internet-based intervention in the beliefs and attitudes of primary care professionals on non-specific chronic low back pain: Study protocol of a mixed methods approach","Background: Personal convictions in referral to pain cause misbeliefs in health professionals, which can influence patients who suffer from non-specific chronic low back pain. Likewise, health professionals' beliefs affect their advice and attitudes towards patients' treatment, becoming a possible cause of greater disability. The development of educational interventions based on the best scientific evidence in neurophysiology of pain could be a way to provide information and advice to primary care health professionals to change their cognition towards chronic non-specific low back pain. The use of Information and Communication Technologies allows the development of web sites, which might be one of the effective resources to modify misbeliefs and attitudes, in relation to the origin and meaning of non-specific chronic low back pain, of primary care professionals and that may modify their attitudes in patients' treatment. Methods: The aim of this project is to identify misbeliefs and attitudes of primary care physicians and nurses about chronic non-specific low back pain to develop a web-based educational tool using different educational formats and gamification techniques. This study has a mixed-method sequential exploratory design. The participants are medical and nursing staff working in primary care centers in the city of Lleida, Spain. For the qualitative phase of this study, the authors will use personal semi-structured interviews. For the quantitative phase the authors will use an experimental study design. Subjects will be randomly allocated using a simple random sample technique. The intervention group will have access to the web site where they will find information related to non-specific chronic low back pain, based on the information obtained in the qualitative phase. The control group will have access to a video explaining the clinical practice guidelines on low back pain. Discussion: This study has been designed to explore and modify the beliefs and attitudes about chronic low back pain of physicians and nurses working in primary care settings, using a web-based educational tool with different educational formats and gamification techniques. The aim of the educational intervention is to change their knowledge about the origin and meaning of pain, with the result of reducing their misbeliefs and attitudes of fear avoidance. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02962817. Date of registration: 11/09/2016. © 2019 The Author(s).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","back pain",2,38,2,"education for primary care",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Lleida, Spain",246,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1576,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Lleida"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1576,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainLleida",4,3,0]
["Auriacombe, M., Roux, P., Briand Madrid, L., Kirchherr, S., Kervran, C., Chauvin, C., Gutowski, M., Denis, C., Carrieri, M. P., Lalanne, L., Jauffret-Roustide, M., Cosinus study, group, Bertoia, G., C l rier, I., Danion, J. M., Grelli, N., Hamelin, N., Le Breton, M. and Vilotitch, A.",2019,"Impact of drug consumption rooms on risk practices and access to care in people who inject drugs in France: The COSINUS prospective cohort study protocol","Introduction The high prevalence of hepatitis C and the persistence of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk practices in people who inject drugs (PWID) in France underlines the need for innovative prevention interventions. The main objective of this article is to describe the design of the COSINUS cohort study and outline the issues it will explore to evaluate the impact of drug consumption rooms (DCR) on PWID outcomes. Secondary objectives are to assess how DCR (a) influence other drug-related practices, such as the transition from intravenous to less risky modes of use, (b) reduce drug use frequency/quantity, (c) increase access to treatment for addiction and comorbidities (infectious, psychiatric and other), (d) improve social conditions and (e) reduce levels of violence experienced and drug-related offences. COSINUS will also give us the opportunity to investigate the impact of other harm reduction tools in France and their combined effect with DCR on reducing HIV-HCV risk practices. Furthermore, we will be better able to identify PWID needs. Methods and analysis Enrollment in this prospective multi-site cohort study started in June 2016. Overall, 680 PWID in four different cities (Bordeaux, Marseilles, Paris and Strasbourg) will be enrolled and followed up for 12 months through face-to-face structured interviews administered by trained staff to all eligible participants at baseline (M0), 3 month (M3), 6 month (M6) and 12 month (M12) follow-up visits. These interviews gather data on socio-demographic characteristics, past and current drug and alcohol consumption, drug-use related practices, access to care and social services, experience of violence (as victims), offences, other psychosocial issues and perception and needs about harm reduction interventions and services. Longitudinal data analysis will use a mixed logistic model to assess the impact of individual and structural factors, including DCR attendance and exposure to other harm reduction services, on the main outcome (HIV-HCV risk practices). Ethics and dissemination This study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of the French Institute of Medical Research and Health (opinion number: 14-166). The findings of this cohort study will help to assess the impact of DCR on HIV-HCV risk practices and other psycho-social outcomes and trajectories. Moreover, they will enable health authorities to shape health and harm reduction policies according to PWID needs. Finally, they will also help to improve current harm reduction and therapeutic interventions and to create novel ones. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","injection drug users",2,13,1,"drug consumtion rooms",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"4 cities in france",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1577,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1577,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",27,3,0]
["Minkler, M., Estrada, J., Dyer, S., Hennessey-Lavery, S., Wakimoto, P. and Falbe, J.",2019,"Healthy Retail as a Strategy for Improving Food Security and the Built Environment in San Francisco","In low-income neighborhoods without supermarkets, lack of healthy food access often is exacerbated by the saturation of small corner stores with tobacco and unhealthy foods and beverages. We describe a municipal healthy retail program in San Francisco, California, focusing on the role of a local coalition in program implementation and outcomes in the city's low income Tenderloin neighborhood. By incentivizing selected corner stores to become healthy retailers, and through community engagement and cross-sector partnerships, the program is seeing promising outcomes, including a \"ripple effect\" of improvement across nonparticipating neighborhood stores.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"increase healthy food options",2,"collaborartion",2,0,0,"san francisco",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1578,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1578,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,1,0]
["not stated",2019,"Air pollution in Mongolia","Starting in May, the government of Mongolia will introduce a coal burning ban in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, as part of efforts to clean up the city's air. Implementing the ban is going to be a challenge, but reducing air pollution is of fundamental importance to improving population health. Sophie Cousins reports.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"banning coal  burning",2,"law",4,0,0,"Ulaanbaatar (mongolia)",251,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1579,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Ulaanbaatar"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1579,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mongolia"},"mongoliaUlaanbaatar",64,4,0]
["Vijayaraghavan, M. and Apollonio, D. E.",2019,"Engaging Adults Experiencing Homelessness in Smoking Cessation Through Large-Scale Community Service Events","Cigarette smoking contributes substantially to the increased financial- and health-related burdens among adults experiencing homelessness. We describe findings from a case study of a model to increase access to cessation services among adults experiencing homelessness. In partnership with Project Homeless Connect (PHC), we piloted a unique service delivery model that involved providing brief cessation counseling and pharmacotherapy to smokers from this population attending large-scale service events in San Francisco, with the goal of connecting them to long-term smoking cessation care. We participated in three service events between October 2017 and March 2018. We offered brief smoking cessation counseling to 45 individuals, and smoking cessation counseling and pharmacotherapy to 7 individuals experiencing homelessness. This model could improve public health if expanded to other cities, particularly the 200 other cities in the United States offering PHC service events. © 2019 Society for Public Health Education.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"very brief advice",1,"partnership",2,0,0,"san fran",180,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1580,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"San Francisco"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1580,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSan Francisco",1,1,0]
["John, R., Finnell, K. J., Scott-Kaliki, M. S. and DeBerry, S. M.",2019,"A Case Study of Two Successful Social Marketing Interventions to Promote 1% Low-Fat Milk Consumption","This article presents a case study of two effective interventions promoting 1% low-fat milk consumption. Developed after extensive formative research and use of the 4Ps marketing mix, the first intervention in 2012, 1% Low-Fat Milk Has Perks!, was a multilevel intervention implemented in the Oklahoma City media market (OKCMM), which covers most of the western portion of the state of Oklahoma. The program evaluation was based on a quasi-experimental comparison-group design that compared milk sales in the OKCMM with the Tulsa media market (TMM) supplemented by a pre- and post-intervention telephone survey of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients. The program evaluation revealed that 1% milk sales significantly increased 15% from before to after the intervention ended in the OKCMM compared to a smaller increase in the TMM. In 2014, the second intervention, Choose 1% Milk: A Healthy Family Choice, was implemented statewide using three experimental conditions. The intervention resulted in a 42.9% statewide increase in 1% milk sales from before to after the intervention ended. In this article, we describe the use of the marketing mix in the planning, implementation, and summative evaluation of both interventions, including strategic decisions that provide insight into efforts to influence behavior at the population level. © The Author(s) 2019.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"media campagain",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Oklahoma City",156,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1581,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Oklahoma"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1581,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaOklahoma",1,1,1]
["Koch, P. A., Contento, I. R., Gray, H. L., Burgermaster, M., Bandelli, L., Abrams, E. and Di Noia, J.",2019,"Food, Health, & Choices: Curriculum and Wellness Interventions to Decrease Childhood Obesity in Fifth-Graders","Objective: To evaluate Food, Health, & Choices, two 10-month interventions. Design: Cluster-randomized, controlled study with 4 groups: curriculum, wellness, curriculum plus wellness, and control. Setting: Twenty elementary schools (5/group) in New York City. Participants: Fifth-grade students (n = 1,159). At baseline, 44.6% were at the ≥85th body mass index (BMI) percentile for age and 86% qualified for free or reduced-price lunch. Intervention: Curriculum was 23 science lessons based on social cognitive and self-determination theories, replacing 2 mandated units. Wellness was classroom food policy and physical activity bouts of Dance Breaks. Main Outcome Measures: For obesity, age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles were used (anthropometric measures). The researchers also employed 6 energy balance-related behaviors and 8 theory-based determinants of behavior change (by questionnaire). Analysis: Pairwise adjusted odds in hierarchical logistic regression models were determined for >85th BMI percentile. Behaviors and theory-based determinants were examined in a 2-level hierarchical linear model with a 2 × 2 design for intervention effects and interactions. Results: Obesity showed no change. For behaviors, there was a negative curriculum intervention change in physical activity (P =.04). The wellness intervention resulted in positive changes for sweetened beverages frequency (P =.05) and size (P =.006); processed packaged snacks size (P =.01); candy frequency (P =.04); baked good frequency (P =.05); and fast food frequency (P =.003), size (P =.01), and combo meals (P =.002). Theory-based determinants demonstrated no change. Conclusions and Implications: The findings of the lack of a decrease in obesity, behavior changes only for the wellness intervention, and no changes in theory-based determinants warrant further research. © 2019 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior","n","duplicate record",null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"education and physcial exercise",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1582,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1582,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,3]
["Wang, S., Chen, W. and Du, Y.",2019,"Improving the curriculum for a community nursing training program in Guangzhou City, China","In China, community nurses do not have systematic training, and the nursing education curriculum focuses on clinical nursing both in vocational school and high school. Most nurses work at a hospital, and almost all community nurses lack systematic knowledge about community nursing. A training program for community nurses in Guangzhou City has been conducted since 2003. The training curriculum has evolved over the years, but is not standardized. This article describes research on improving community nurses’ basic knowledge and practice skills. We modified the curriculum with a questionnaire and a modified Delphi method. First, 318 participating nurses and instructors were queried in December 2012. Then 22 experts modified the training program based on the results of the questionnaire and implementation since 2013. After 4 years, we followed up with the new participating nurses to evaluate the curriculum. © 2018 The Authors. Public Health Nursing Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health workers skills",2,38,2,"training",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Guangzhou china",85,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1583,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Guangzhou"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1583,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaGuangzhou",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1583,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Wennerstrom, A., Silver, J., Pollock, M. and Gustat, J.",2019,"Training Community Residents to Address Social Determinants of Health in Underresourced Communities","Disparities in chronic disease and life expectancy remain a significant public health problem and are largely attributable to social determinants of health. Community health workers (CHWs) promote health equity through individual- and community-level activities, and leadership and advocacy skills training make CHWs more likely to catalyze structural change. CHWs are increasingly being integrated into clinical practices to support care management, creating a need for new grassroots community-level advocates. We adapted for community residents an existing CHW training curriculum focused on social determinants of health and effecting community change. We offered 36 hours of training at community-based locations in New Orleans, Louisiana. We assessed baseline civic and community participation and pre- and postknowledge for each lesson. Among 43 enrollees, 42 completed the program. The majority were Black (92.7%), female (92.7%), and retired or unemployed (77.5%), with a median age of 61.5 years. In the past year, 85% of participants had volunteered, 57.1% had been involved with a community organization, and 32.4% had contacted the city council. Participants demonstrated statistically significant increases in knowledge in 5 of 6 lessons. Our success in increasing knowledge of advocacy among a civically engaged group suggests that trainees may become community leaders in addressing social determinants of health. © 2019 Society for Public Health Education.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","socail determinents",1,51,2,"mmunity health worker volunteers",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"new orleans",145,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1584,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New Orleans"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1584,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew Orleans",1,1,1]
["Gaikwad, A. and Shinde, K.",2019,"Use of parks by older persons and perceived health benefits: A developing country context","This paper seeks to contribute to the growing literature on how neighborhood amenities such as parks relate with active ageing. It draws attention to this relationship in the context of developing country - India where with changing demographics, population ageing is emerging as a major challenge. It builds on empirical evidences from a neighborhood park in the city of Pune - a metropolis of 3.5 million people in western India. Employing a mixed research approach, the paper explains how a neighborhood park plays a significant role in promoting healthy living among older persons by offering various perceived health benefits. Although various physical characteristics of park encourage physical activities, it is found that social connections such as groups formed in the park encourage regular participation in physical activities and thereby provide psychological health benefits and social support for older users. The paper argues for considering the important role of parks in fostering social participation critical for active ageing while designing cities that are friendly and supportive to ageing populations. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","parks to improve health",1,0,2,"parks to imporve heatlh",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Pune (india)",247,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1585,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Pune"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1585,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"india"},"indiaPune",7,4,0]
["Narayan, N.",2016,"Heath care providers in Delhi metropolitan cities","Many studies have been carried out around the issues of health. They cover almost all areas which may offer a potential solution to ensure good health and “health for all”. Many perspectives have been used to analyze and understand the issues. Much of the literature which has evolved in public health is contributed by various disciplinary Marxist-perspective-influenced public health researchers to venture into understanding the role of social class in accessibility and utilization in terms of the division between ‘have’ and ‘have-not’; urban and rural; male and female; educated and uneducated; worker and non-worker, among them organized sector and unorganized sector. Principally, there are two actors involved in mission ‘Health for all’. One is known as health service seeker and second is health services provider. Most studies have concentrated on only one component-health service seeker, from different angles. Very few have examined the second component of health service provider. The thrust has largely been in understanding the user rather than the provider. This paper is an attempt to understand this second and equally important component responsible for providing health care services from sociological perspective. It comprises three sections. Dealing with ‘perspective’ pertaining to the fundamental question theoretically; to define the contesting hypothesis around the perspective; and to explain the hypothesis from the data gathered, other issues and concerns in sociological manner. In this attempt, to locate the place of any occupational category in social structure, subjective status perceptions that the category has of itself are of vital importance, in addition to the objective attributes. Therefore, the purpose of the present paper is to analyze the objective attributes of doctors; subjective perception they have of their status mostly in context of the larger society and within the occupational community of health personnel. This study, undertaken in Delhi examines the interpersonal relations between the doctors and their patient in context of social background. To analyze the reciprocal behaviour of the doctors and patients and attributes age, sex, income, rural and urban communities and educational standards and their impact on the interactions and interrelations, in the context of health care providers social backgrounds. Whatever medical services available are good but the availability in the context to provider is not same, because the professionals (as member) is a unit of society which is stratified in account of different level. Hence the available services are still beyond the reach of common man or the quality of service which is provided to them. The concern of this study is that the medical profession comes from the upper status of society and their process of socialization and high-tech education is totally different from the common man, to whom they provide services. The role performance of any professional group partly depends on how far it has been able to change its pre-professional attitudes acquired during the period of primary socialization before entering in the professional training. © Springer India 2017.","y",null,null,"Book","health",1,0,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"delhi",276,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1586,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"delhi"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1586,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"india"},"indiadelhi",7,4,0]
["Borge, R., Artíñano, B., Yagüe, C., Gomez-Moreno, F. J., Saiz-Lopez, A., Sastre, M., Narros, A., García-Nieto, D., Benavent, N., Maqueda, G., Barreiro, M., de Andrés, J. M. and Cristóbal, Á",2018,"Application of a short term air quality action plan in Madrid (Spain) under a high-pollution episode - Part I: Diagnostic and analysis from observations","Exceedances of NO2 hourly limit value (200 μg·m−3) imply the need to implement short term action plans to avoid adverse effects on human health in urban areas. The Madrid City Council applied the stage 3 of the NO2 protocol during a high-pollution episode under stable meteorological conditions on December 2016 for the first time. This included road traffic access restrictions to the city centre (50% of conventional private vehicles based on plate numbers). In this contribution we analyse different meteorological and air quality observations, including non-standard parameters (such as number of ultrafine particles and remote sensing techniques MAXDOAS) for a better understanding of the effectivity of short-term emission abatement measures under real conditions and to identify options to improve the NO2 protocol in the future. According to our results, the inversion base height computed from vertical temperature soundings is a meaningful index to anticipate very unfavourable conditions and trigger the actions included in the protocol. The analysis of the concentration levels of the main pollutants from the Madrid air quality monitoring network indicate that only stage 3 of the protocol had a significant effect on NO2 maximum concentrations. The restrictions applied may have prevented NO2 concentrations to further increase in the city centre (up to 15%) although pollution levels in the city outskirts, outside the area directly affected by the traffic restrictions, remained unchanged or may have been slightly increased. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to estimate more precisely the effect of the measures taken and to assess potential trade-offs. Our results suggest that emissions play an important role also under very strong stability conditions although drastic measures are needed to achieve a significant impact. This highlights the importance of an appropriate timing for short-term actions and the need of permanent abatement measures related to air quality plans and policies. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Air quality ",1,16,2,null,2,null,1,0,0,"Madrid",123,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1587,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Madrid"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1587,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainMadrid",4,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1587,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},1]
["Kong, S., Yan, Q., Zheng, H., Liu, H., Wang, W., Zheng, S., Yang, G., Zheng, M., Wu, J., Qi, S., Shen, G., Tang, L., Yin, Y., Zhao, T., Yu, H., Liu, D., Zhao, D., Zhang, T., Ruan, J. and Huang, M.",2018,"Substantial reductions in ambient PAHs pollution and lives saved as a co-benefit of effective long-term PM 2.5 pollution controls","Under great efforts in fighting against serious haze problem of China since 2013, decreasing of air pollutants especially for fine particles (PM 2.5 ) has been revealed for several key regions. This study tried to answer whether the reduction of PM 2.5 -bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was coincident with PM 2.5 because of long-term pollution control measures (PCM), and to assess source-oriented health risks associated with inhalation exposure to PAHs. Field measurements were carried out before and after the publishing of local air pollution protection plan for Nanjing, a mega-city in east China. Results indicated that the air quality was substantially improving, with a significant reduction in annual average PM 2.5 by 34%, and moreover, PM 2.5 -bound PAHs significantly reduced by 63% (p &lt; 0.001). The remarkable reduction was mainly attributable to the change of emission sources, compared to the influence of atmospheric circulation patterns, surface meteorological conditions, and atmospheric chemical reaction. Four PAHs sources including coal combustion (CC), petroleum and oil burning (PO), wood burning (WB) and vehicle emission (VE) were identified. On an annual basis, contributions to ambient PM 2.5 -PAHs from WB, PO, CC and VE sources in the period before the action of control measures were 2.26, 2.20, 1.96 and 5.62 ng m −3 , respectively. They reduced to 1.09, 0.37, 1.31 and 1.77 ng m −3 for the four source types, with the reduction percentages as 51, 83, 33 and 68%, respectively. The estimated reduction in lifetime lung cancer risk was around 61%. The study that firstly assessed the health effects of PAHs reduction as a co-benefit raised by air PCM sustained for a long period is believed to be applicable and referential for other mega-cities around the world for assessing the benefits of PCM. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"Nanjing (china)",252,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1588,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Nanjing"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1588,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"China"},"ChinaNanjing",4,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1588,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},1]
["Kusumaningtyas, S. D. A., Aldrian, E., Wati, T., Atmoko, D. and Sunaryo",2018,"The recent state of ambient air quality in Jakarta","Air pollution has become a growing concern, especially in urban cities with rapidly developing economies, increasing infrastructure and vehicular population, and reduced green spaces. Fossil fuel and transportation are the main source of pollutive particles (e.g., sulfur oxide and nitrous) released into the atmosphere. Once they have entered the atmosphere, these particles create health problems, degrade air quality, and cause acid rain. Seasonal investigations on rainwater chemistry and particulate matter pollution (SPM, PM10, and PM2.5) were conducted to understand the recent state of the ambient air quality in Jakarta, Indonesia. The characteristics of PM2.5 were also analyzed during Ied Al Fitr in 2016 and 2017. Based on the observational data, the ambient air quality in Jakarta improved during the period of our study (2000– 2016). The chemical constituents, i.e., the anion and cation concentrations, in precipitation show decreasing trends starting from 2006. Moreover, the PM10 and SPM concentrations also decreased slightly. The causes of these favorable trends are climatic conditions—namely, an increasing trend of rainfall—and policy intervention. Additionally, an assessment during the feast of Ied Al Fitr in 2016 and 2017 indicated a further decrease in PM2.5 due to highly reduced inner-city traffic. These events exhibited an extreme reduction of the PM2.5 concentration in Jakarta. © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air pollution",1,16,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"Jakarta",285,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1589,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Jakarta"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1589,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Indonesia"},"IndonesiaJakarta",71,4,1]
["Chiang, W. C., Hsieh, M. J., Chu, H. L., Chen, A. Y., Wen, S. Y., Yang, W. S., Chien, Y. C., Wang, Y. C., Lee, B. C., Wang, H. C., Huang, E. P. C., Yang, C. W., Sun, J. T., Chong, K. M., Lin, H. Y., Hsu, S. H., Chen, S. Y. and Ma, M. H. M.",2018,"The Effect of Successful Intubation on Patient Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Taipei","Study objective: The effect of out-of-hospital intubation in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest remains controversial. The Taipei City paramedics are the earliest authorized to perform out-of-hospital intubation among Asian areas. This study evaluates the association between successful intubation and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival in Taipei. Methods: We analyzed 6 years of Utstein-based registry data from nontrauma adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who underwent out-of-hospital airway management including intubation, laryngeal mask airway, or bag-valve-mask ventilation. The primary analysis was intubation success on patient outcomes. The primary outcome was survival to discharge and the secondary outcomes included sustained return of spontaneous circulation and favorable neurologic survival. Sensitivity analysis was performed with intubation attempts rather than intubation success. Subgroup analysis of advanced life support–serviced districts was also performed. Results: A total of 10,853 cases from 2008 to 2013 were analyzed. Among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients receiving airway management, successful intubation, laryngeal mask airway, and bag-valve-mask ventilation was reported in 1,541, 3,099, and 6,213 cases, respectively. Compared with bag-valve-mask device use, successful out-of-hospital intubation was associated with improved chances of sustained return of spontaneous circulation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66 to 2.19), survival to discharge (aOR 1.98; 95% CI 1.57 to 2.49), and favorable neurologic outcome (aOR 1.44; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.03). The results were comparable in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Conclusion: In nontrauma adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Taipei, successful out-of-hospital intubation was associated with improved odds of sustained return of spontaneous circulation, survival to discharge, and favorable neurologic outcome. © 2017 American College of Emergency Physicians","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest ",2,38,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Taipei",212,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1590,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Taipei"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1590,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Taiwan"},"TaiwanTaipei",55,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1590,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},2]
["Ahn, S. N., Lee, J., Bartlett-Prescott, J., Carson, L., Post, L. and Ward, K. D.",2018,"Evaluation of a Behavioral Intervention With Multiple Components Among Low-Income and Uninsured Adults With Obesity and Diabetes","Purpose: To examine the effects of a community-based behavioral intervention with multiple components on health outcomes among low-income and uninsured adults who were obese and had diabetes and treated in a “real-world” setting. Design: A longitudinal design with a retrospective comparison group was used to examine the ability of a health promotion program to improve body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among 87 treatment group and 62 comparison group participants. Setting: Urban/metropolitan city in the United States. Intervention: A community-based behavioral intervention with 3 components including health-coach visits, registered dietitian visits, and exercise consultations delivered over 12 months. Measures: Biometric measurements were collected at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months, whereas self-reported measurements were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Analysis: Linear mixed models with participant-level random intercepts were fitted for BMI and HbA1c. Results: The treatment group demonstrated reductions in BMI (percentage change = −2.1%, P <.001) and HbA1c (−0.6%, P <.001) as well as improvement in diabetes knowledge (+5.4%, P =.025), whereas the comparison group did not show any improvements in biometric measures. Dietitian visits were the most effective treatment component to reduce HbA1c (coefficient = −0.08, P =.025). Conclusion: Multiple component behavioral intervention in community settings, particularly when delivered by registered dietitians, shows promise to combat the dual epidemic of obesity and diabetes among low-income and uninsured patients. © 2017, © The Author(s) 2017.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Obesity and diabetes",1,1,2,null,2,null,3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1591,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1591,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1591,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Cerdá, M., Tracy, M. and Keyes, K. M.",2018,"Reducing Urban Violence: A Contrast of Public Health and Criminal Justice Approaches","Background: Cities are investing millions in Cure Violence, a public health approach to reduce urban violence by targeting at-risk youth and redirecting conflict to nonviolent responses. The impact of such a program compared with criminal justice responses is unknown because experiments directly comparing criminal justice and public health approaches to violence prevention are infeasible with observational data. We simulated experiments to test the influence of two interventions on violence: (1) Cure Violence and (2) directed police patrol in violence hot spots. Methods: We used an agent-based model to simulate a 5% sample of the New York City (NYC) adult population, with agents placed on a grid representing the land area of NYC, with neighborhood size and population density proportional to land area and population density in each community district. Agent behaviors were governed by parameters drawn from city data sources and published estimates. Results: Under no intervention, 3.87% (95% CI, 3.84, 3.90) of agents were victimized per year. Implementing the violence interrupter intervention for 10 years decreased victimization by 13% (to 3.35% [3.32, 3.39]). Implementing hot-spots policing and doubling the police force for 10 years reduced annual victimization by about 11% (to 3.46% [3.42, 3.49]). Increasing the police force by 40% combined with implementing the violence interrupter intervention for 10 years decreased violence by 19% (to 3.13% [3.09, 3.16]). Conclusions: Combined investment in a public health, community-based approach to violence prevention and a criminal justice approach focused on deterrence can achieve more to reduce population-level rates of urban violence than either can in isolation. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B298. © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Violence prevention ",1,44,2,null,7,null,1,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1592,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1592,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1592,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},2]
["Doblecki-Lewis, S., Liu, A. Y., Feaster, D. J., Cohen, S. E., Elion, R., Bacon, O., Coleman, M., Cardenas, G. and Kolber, M. A.",2018,"Patterns and correlates of participant retention in a multi-city pre-exposure prophylaxis demonstration project","Background: Safe and effective use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) depends on retention in care after initial engagement. Setting: The United States PrEP Demonstration Project offered daily oral tenofovir/emtricitabine to participants in San Francisco, Miami, and Washington, D.C. for 48 weeks from 2012 to 2014. Methods: The Demo Project participants' patterns of retention were assigned to 1 of 3 categories: Early loss to follow-up (ELTF) within the first 12 weeks of the study, retention throughout the study, or intermittent retention in which missed or delayed visits resulted in gaps in medication availability. For each group, baseline characteristics were tabulated. A two-step multivariable analysis was performed. Results: Overall, 366/554 (66.1%) of enrolled participants were retained for all study visits, 127/554 (22.9%) had intermittent retention, and 61/554 (11.0%) ELTF. In multivariable analysis, Miami compared with San Francisco site was associated with ELTF rather than full retention [aOR 2.84; confidence interval (CI): 1.24 to 6.47] and also with intermittent rather than full retention (aOR 2.70; CI: 1.43 to 5.11). Younger age was associated with ELTF (aOR 1.80 for each 10-year decrement in age; CI: 1.26 to 2.57) and intermittent retention (aOR 1.47; CI: 1.17 to 1.84) compared with full retention. Factors associated with ELTF (but not intermittent retention) compared with full retention were black compared with white (aOR 3.32; CI: 1.09 to 10.16), reporting sex work (aOR 4.67; CI: 1.49 to 14.58), lack of regular employment (aOR 2.53; CI: 1.27 to 5.05), and lack of previous PrEP awareness (aOR 2.01; CI: 1.01 to 3.96). Conclusions: Tailored interventions addressing causes and risk factors for loss from PrEP care may improve retention and consistency of PrEP use. © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV (although doesn’t actually say that!)",1,2,1,null,0,null,0,0,0,"Miami and SanFrancisco",301,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1593,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Miami"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1593,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAMiami",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1593,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Realmuto, L., Kamler, A., Weiss, L., Gary-Webb, T. L., Hodge, M. E., Pagán, J. A. and Walker, E. A.",2018,"Power Up for Health—Participants’ Perspectives on an Adaptation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program to Engage Men","The National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) has been effectively translated to various community and clinical settings; however, regardless of setting, enrollment among men and lower-income populations is low. This study presents participant perspectives on Power Up for Health, a novel NDPP pilot adaption for men residing in low-income communities in New York City. We conducted nine interviews and one focus group with seven participants after the program ended. Interview and focus group participants had positive perceptions of the program and described the all-male aspect of the program and its reliance on male coaches as major strengths. Men felt the all-male adaptation allowed for more open, in-depth conversations on eating habits, weight loss, body image, and masculinity. Participants also reported increased knowledge and changes to their dietary and physical activity habits. Recommendations for improving the program included making the sessions more interactive by, for example, adding exercise or healthy cooking demonstrations. Overall, findings from the pilot suggest this NDPP adaptation was acceptable to men and facilitated behavior change and unique discussions that would likely not have occurred in a mixed-gender NDPP implementation. © 2018, The Author(s) 2018.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diabetes",1,9,2,"education",1,"ated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1594,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1594,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["Chrisinger, B. W., Ramos, A., Shaykis, F., Martinez, T., Banchoff, A. W., Winter, S. J. and King, A. C.",2018,"Leveraging citizen science for healthier food environments: A pilot study to evaluate corner stores in camden, New Jersey","Over the last 6 years, a coordinated \"healthy corner store\" network has helped an increasing number of local storeowners stock healthy, affordable foods in Camden, New Jersey, a city with high rates of poverty and unemployment, and where most residents have little or no access to large food retailers. The initiative's funders and stakeholders wanted to directly engage Camden residents in evaluating this effort to increase healthy food access. In a departure from traditional survey- or focus group-based evaluations, we used an evidence-based community-engaged citizen science research model (called Our Voice) that has been deployed in a variety of neighborhood settings to assess how different features of the built environment both affect community health and wellbeing, and empower participants to create change. Employing the Our Voice model, participants documented neighborhood features in and around Camden corner stores through geo-located photos and audio narratives. Eight adult participants who lived and/or worked in a predefined neighborhood of Camden were recruited by convenience sample and visited two corner stores participating in the healthy corner store initiative (one highly-engaged in the initiative and the other less-engaged), as well as an optional third corner store of their choosing. Facilitators then helped participants use their collected data (in total, 134 images and 96 audio recordings) to identify and prioritize issues as a group, and brainstorm and advocate for potential solutions. Three priority themes were selected by participants from the full theme list (n = 9) based on perceived importance and feasibility: healthy product selection and display, store environment, and store outdoor appearance and cleanliness. Participants devised and presented a set of action steps to community leaders, and stakeholders have begun to incorporate these ideas into plans for the future of the healthy corner store network. Key elements of healthy corner stores were identified as positive, and other priorities, such as improvements to safety, exterior facades, and physical accessibility, may find common ground with other community development initiatives in Camden. Ultimately, this pilot study demonstrated the potential of citizen science to provide a systematic and data-driven process for public health stakeholders to authentically engage community residents in program evaluation. © 2018 Chrisinger, Ramos, Shaykis, Martinez, Banchoff, Winter and King.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Food ",1,4,2,null,2,null,5,0,0,"New Jersey",304,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1595,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New Jersey"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1595,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USANew Jersey",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1595,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Teeriniemi, A. M., Salonurmi, T., Jokelainen, T., Vähänikkilä, H., Alahäivälä, T., Karppinen, P., Enwald, H., Huotari, M. L., Laitinen, J., Oinas-Kukkonen, H. and Savolainen, M. J.",2018,"A randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of a Web-based health behaviour change support system and group lifestyle counselling on body weight loss in overweight and obese subjects: 2-year outcomes","Background: Weight loss can prevent and treat obesity-related diseases. However, lost weight is usually regained, returning to the initial or even higher levels in the long term. New counselling methods for maintaining lifestyle changes are urgently needed. Objectives: An information and communication technology-based health behaviour change support system (HBCSS) that utilizes persuasive design and methods of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was developed with the aim of helping individuals to maintain body weight. The purpose of this study was to assess whether CBT-based group counselling combined with HBCSS or HBCSS alone helps to maintain improved lifestyle changes needed for weight loss compared to self-help guidance or usual care. Methods: A randomized lifestyle intervention for overweight or obese persons (BMI 27–35 kg m−2 and age 20–60 years), recruited from the population registry in the city of Oulu, Finland, was conducted. This study comprised six randomly assigned study arms: CBT-based group counselling (eight sessions led by a nutritionist), self-help guidance-based group counselling (SHG; two sessions led by a nurse) and control, each with or without HCBSS, for 52 weeks. Subjects visited the study centre for anthropometric measurements, blood sample collection and to complete questionnaires at baseline, 12 and 24 months. The main outcome was weight change from baseline to 12 months and from baseline to 24 months. Results: Of the 1065 volunteers screened for the study, 532 subjects (51% men) met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled. The retention rate was 80% at 12 months and 70% at 24 months. CBT-based counselling with HBCSS produced the largest weight reduction without any significant weight gain during follow-up. The mean weight change in this arm was 4.1% [95% confidence interval (CI), −5.4 to −2.8, P &lt; 0.001) at 12 months and 3.4% (95% CI, −4.8 to −2.0, P &lt; 0.001) at 24 months. HBCSS even without any group counselling reduced the mean weight by 1.6% (95% CI, −2.9 to −0.3, P = 0.015) at 24 months. Conclusion: The combination of CBT-based group counselling and HBCSS-based weight management is feasible for overweight or obese individuals. Moreover, HBCSS alone could be disseminated to the population at large as an effective means of treating obesity. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Internal Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Publication of The Journal of Internal Medicine.","n","duplicate record",null,"Journal Article","obesity",1,1,2,"web based",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Oulu (Finland)",254,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1596,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Oulu"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1596,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Finland"},"FinlandOulu",26,3,1]
["Leme, A. C. B., Baranowski, T., Thompson, D., Nicklas, T. and Philippi, S. T.",2018,"Sustained impact of the “Healthy Habits, Healthy Girls – Brazil” school-based randomized controlled trial for adolescents living in low-income communities","Pediatric obesity is a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries, such as Brazil. There is an urgent need for preventive programs for adolescents and, the assessment of their sustained impact. This paper reports the longer-term (6-month post intervention) effects of the “H3G-Brazil” obesity prevention program on weight status and weight-related behaviors. A cluster randomized controlled trial starting with 10 public schools in the city of São Paulo, Brazil involved 253 adolescent girls [mean (se) age = 15.6 (0.87) years]. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), dietary intake, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) were assessed at baseline, immediate post-intervention and 6-month post-intervention (follow-up). ANCOVA was performed using intention to treat principles. There was no effect on BMI, the primary outcome. Although, meaningful increases occurred in waist circumference for both groups, the intervention group presented a lower increase (F = 3.31, p = 0.04). This effect size, however, was lower than the criterion for small (d = 0.102). Unfortunately, significant results favored the control group for time spent on TV/weekdays (F = 5.13, p = 0.01), TV/weekends (F = 5.46, p = 0.01) and sedentary behaviors/weekdays (F = 5.32, p = 0.04). No other significant results were found. This obesity prevention intervention among Brazilian adolescent girls did not have the desire effect on BMI. The significantly lower increase in waist circumference in the intervention groups is inconsistent with the adverse changes detected in sedentary time. © 2018 The Authors","n","country wide",null,"Journal Article","childhood obeisty",1,1,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"sao paulo",182,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1597,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sao Paulo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1597,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilSao Paulo",14,2,3]
["de Oliveira, M. J. F. and Toscano, L. N. P.",2018,"An integrated Emergency Care Delivery System for major events","The objective of this paper is to evaluate the Emergency Care Delivery System of the city of Rio de Janeiro in view of recent urban and natural disasters that are happening everywhere and to support the organizer Committee of RIO 2016 Olympic Games. The goal is to discuss the effectivity of an intelligent decision support system that involves three public agencies: The Control Centre of the ambulance service, the Municipal Traffic Engineering Company and the Centre for Internal Regulation of public hospitals. The model is based upon the information flow focusing on the high complexity patients. The emergency care delivery system is modeled by distributed discrete event simulation. Several models have been developed for the emergency care namely: The call center, the medical regulation, the ambulance dispatching and routing, the care on the scene and the interaction with emergency medical services. The rescue unit displacement is modeled by a routing algorithm. The algorithm has interactive knowledge bases for data searching with a specific heuristic for the emergency scene. The routing is a specific model that may be used in displacements when dramatic changes happen very quickly and it is impossible to use conventional routes or the public data network. The project is directed towards the integration of different emergency services with issues related to patients’ well-being and combines the results of previous initiatives that were developed by other members of an existing research group at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. © 2018","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Emergency care",2,23,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Rio de Janeiro",316,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1598,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rio de Janeiro"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1598,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Brazil"},"BrazilRio de Janeiro",14,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1598,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},0]
["Macinko, J. and Silver, D.",2018,"Impact of New York City’s 2014 increased minimum legal purchase age on youth tobacco use","Objectives. To assess the impact of New York City’s (NYC’s) 2014 increase of the minimum legal purchase age (MLPA) for tobacco and e-cigarettes from 18 to 21 years. Methods. We performed a difference-in-differences analysis comparing NYC to the rest of New York State by using repeated cross-sections of the New York Youth Tobacco Survey (2008-2016) and to 4 Florida cities by using the Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (2007-2015). Results. Adolescent tobacco use declined slightly in NYC after the policy change. However, this rate of change was even larger in control locations. In NYC, e-cigarette use increased and reported purchases of loose cigarettes remained unchanged, suggesting uneven policy implementation, enforcement, or compliance. Conclusions. Increasing the MLPA to 21 years in NYC did not accelerate reductions in youth tobacco use any more rapidly than declines observed in comparison sites. Public Health Implications. Other cities and states currently raising their MLPA for tobacco may need to pay close attention to policy enforcement and conduct enhanced monitoring of retailer compliance to achieve the full benefits of the policy. © 2018 American Public Health Association Inc. All Rights Reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"increased legal age to buy cigarettes",1,"legal",4,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1599,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1599,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Hunter, R. M., Fulop, N. J., Boaden, R. J., McKevitt, C., Perry, C., Ramsay, A. I. G., Rudd, A. G., Turner, S. J., Tyrrell, P. J., Wolfe, C. D. A. and Morris, S.",2018,"The potential role of cost-utility analysis in the decision to implement major system change in acute stroke services in metropolitan areas in England","Background: The economic implications of major system change are an important component of the decision to implement health service reconfigurations. Little is known about how best to report the results of economic evaluations of major system change to inform decision-makers. Reconfiguration of acute stroke care in two metropolitan areas in England, namely London and Greater Manchester (GM), was used to analyse the economic implications of two different implementation strategies for major system change. Methods: A decision analytic model was used to calculate difference-in-differences in costs and outcomes before and after the implementation of two major system change strategies in stroke care in London and GM. Values in the model were based on patient level data from Hospital Episode Statistics, linked mortality data from the Office of National Statistics and data from two national stroke audits. Results were presented as net monetary benefit (NMB) and using Programme Budgeting and Marginal Analysis (PBMA) to assess the costs and benefits of a hypothetical typical region in England with approximately 4000 strokes a year. Results: In London, after 90 days, there were nine fewer deaths per 1000 patients compared to the rest of England (95% CI -24 to 6) at an additional cost of £770,027 per 1000 stroke patients admitted. There were two additional deaths (95% CI -19 to 23) in GM, with a total costs saving of £156,118 per 1000 patients compared to the rest of England. At a £30,000 willingness to pay the NMB was higher in London and GM than the rest of England over the same time period. The results of the PBMA suggest that a GM style reconfiguration could result in a total greater health benefit to a region. Implementation costs were £136 per patient in London and £75 in GM. Conclusions: The implementation of major system change in acute stroke care may result in a net health benefit to a region, even one functioning within a fixed budget. The choice of what model of stroke reconfiguration to implement may depend on the relative importance of clinical versus cost outcomes. © 2018 The Author(s).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Acute Stroke Services",2,19,2,null,3,null,2,0,0,"London and Greater Manchester",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1600,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1600,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",3,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1600,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},2]
["Carrión, D., Victoria Lee, W. and Hernández, D.",2018,"Residual inequity: Assessing the unintended consequences of new york city’s clean heat transition","Energy policies and public health are intimately intertwined. In New York City, a series of policies, known as the Clean Heat Program (CHP), were designed to reduce air pollution by banning residual diesel fuel oils, #6 in 2015 and #4 by 2030. This measure is expected to yield environmental and public health benefits over time. While there is near-universal compliance with the #6 ban, a substantial number of buildings still use #4. In this paper, geographic analysis and qualitative interviews with stakeholders were used to interrogate the CHP’s policy implementation in Northern Manhattan and the Bronx. A total of 1724 (53%) of all residential residual fuel burning buildings are located in this region. Stakeholders reflected mostly on the need for the program, and overall reactions to its execution. Major findings include that government partnerships with non-governmental organizations were effectively employed. However, weaknesses with the policy were also identified, including missed opportunities for more rapid transitions away from residual fuels, unsuccessful outreach efforts, cost-prohibitive conversion opportunities, and (the perception of) a volatile energy market for clean fuels. Ultimately, this analysis serves as a case study of a unique and innovative urban policy initiative to improve air quality and, consequently, public health. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Air pollution ",1,16,2,null,2,null,1,0,0,"New York ",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1601,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1601,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1601,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Trude, A. C. B., Surkan, P. J., Anderson Steeves, E., Pollack Porter, K. and Gittelsohn, J.",2018,"The impact of a multilevel childhood obesity prevention intervention on healthful food acquisition, preparation, and fruit and vegetable consumption on African-American adult caregivers","ObjectiveTo evaluate the secondary impact of a multilevel, child-focused, obesity intervention on food-related behaviours (acquisition, preparation, fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption) on youths' primary caregivers.DesignB'More Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) group-randomized controlled trial promoted access to healthy foods and food-related behaviours through wholesaler and small store strategies, peer mentor-led nutrition education aimed at youths, and social media and text messaging targeting their adult caregivers. Measures included caregivers' (n 516) self-reported household food acquisition frequency for FV, snacks and grocery items over 30 d, and usual FV consumption in a sub-sample of 226 caregivers via the NCI FV Screener. Hierarchical models assessed average treatment effects (ATE). Treatment-on-the-treated-effect (TTE) analyses evaluated correlation between behavioural change and exposure to BHCK. Exposure scores at post-assessment were based on self-reported viewing of BHCK materials and participating in activities.SettingThirty Baltimore City low-income neighbourhoods, USA.ParticipantsAdult caregivers of youths aged 9-15 years.ResultsOf caregivers, 90·89 % were female; mean age 39·31 (sd 9·31) years. Baseline mean (sd) intake (servings/d) was 1·30 (1·69) fruits and 1·35 (1·05) vegetables. In ATE, no significant intervention effect was found on caregivers' food-related behaviours. In TTE, each point increase in BHCK exposure score (range: 0-6·9) increased caregivers' daily fruit consumption by 0·2 servings (0·24 (se 0·11); 95 % CI 0·04, 0·47). Caregivers reporting greater social media exposure tripled their daily fruit intake (3·16 (se 0·92); 95 % CI 1·33, 4·99) and increased their frequency of unhealthy food purchasing v. baseline.ConclusionsChild-focused community-based nutrition interventions may also benefit family members' fruit intake. Child-focused interventions should involve adult caregivers and intervention effects on family members should be assessed. Future multilevel studies should consider using social media to improve reach and engage caregiver participants. Copyright © The Authors 2018.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","childhood obesity",1,1,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1602,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1602,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,1,1]
["Coleman, P., Gultig, J., Emanuel, B., Gee, M. and Orpana, H.",2018,"Foodreach Toronto: Lowering food costs for social agencies and community groups","Toronto has the largest absolute number of food insecure households for any metropolitan census area in Canada: of its 2.1 million households, roughly 252 000 households (or 12%) experience some level of food insecurity. Community organizations (including social agencies, school programs, and child care centres) serve millions of meals per year to the city’s most vulnerable citizens, but often face challenges accessing fresh produce at affordable prices. Therefore in 2015, Toronto Public Health, in collaboration with public-and private-sector partners, launched the FoodReach program to improve the efficiency of food procurement among community organizations by consolidating their purchasing power. Since being launched, FoodReach has been used by more than 50 community organizations to provide many of Toronto’s most marginalised groups with regular access to healthy produce. © 2018, Public Health Agency of Canada. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Food security ",1,4,2,null,2,null,6,0,0,"Toronto",215,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1603,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Toronto"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1603,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaToronto",2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1603,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Ali, M. K., Wharam, F., Kenrik Duru, O., Schmittdiel, J., Ackermann, R. T., Albu, J., Ross-Degnan, D., Hunter, C. M., Mangione, C., Gregg, E. W. and On behalf of the, Next- D. Study Group",2018,"Advancing Health Policy and Program Research in Diabetes: Findings from the Natural Experiments for Translation in Diabetes (NEXT-D) Network","Purpose of Review: To advance our understanding of the impacts of policies and programs aimed at improving detection, engagement, prevention, and clinical diabetes management in the USA, we synthesized findings from a network of studies that used natural experiments to evaluate diabetes health policies and programs. Findings: Studies from the Natural EXperiments for Translation in Diabetes (NEXT-D) network used rigorous longitudinal quasi-experimental study designs (e.g., interrupted time series) and analytical methods (e.g., difference-in-differences) to augment causal inference. Investigators partnered with health system stakeholders to evaluate whether glucose testing rates changed from before-to-after clinic interventions (e.g., integrating electronic screening decision prompts in New York City) or employer programs (e.g., targeted messaging and waiving copayments for at-risk employees). Other studies examined participation and behavior change in low- (e.g., wellness coaching) or high-intensity lifestyle modification programs (e.g., diabetes prevention program-like interventions) offered by payers or employers. Lastly, studies assessed how employer health insurance benefits impacted healthcare utilization, adherence, and outcomes among people with diabetes. NEXT-D demonstrated that low-intensity interventions to facilitate glucose testing and enhance engagement in lifestyle modification were associated with small improvements in weight but large improvements in screening and testing when supported by electronic health record-based decision-support. Regarding high-intensity diabetes prevention program-like lifestyle programs offered by payers or employers, enrollment was modest and led to weight loss and marginally lower short-term health expenditures. Health plans that incentivize patient behaviors were associated with increases in medication adherence. Meanwhile, shifting patients to high-deductible health plans was associated with no change in medication use and preventive screenings, but patients with diabetes delayed accessing healthcare for acute complications (e.g., cellulitis). Findings were more pronounced among lower-income patients, who experienced increased rates and acuity of emergency department visits for diabetes complications and other high-severity conditions. Summary: Findings from NEXT-D studies provide informative data that can guide programs and policies to facilitate detection, prevention, and treatment of diabetes in practice. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Diabetes",2,9,2,null,7,null,7,0,0,"New York ",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1604,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1604,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1604,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Corrêa, S. R. and Abel, J.",2018,"Palliative care for all? How can Brazil develop a palliative care service founded on principles of equity and access for all?","PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite the historical international development of palliative care over the last 50 years, provision of equity of care and access to appropriate medication remains a major problem in many countries across the world. Interest in the public health approach to end-of-life care has grown over the last 20 years. Models of palliative care, which are affordable and provide equity of care are changing through these new concepts. We describe an existing model of practice in a primary care setting in Rio Grande in Brazil, which could act as a template for redesign of palliative care services. RECENT FINDINGS: Traditional models of palliative care have focussed on the physical, social, psychological and spiritual domains. Abel and Kellehear have proposed a new model, uniting specialist and generalist palliative care with compassionate communities and the civic component encapsulated in the compassionate city charter. This model is more comprehensive, emphasizing both harm reduction and health and well being promotion, and is currently being rolled out within the Family Health Strategy in Rio Grande in Brazil. SUMMARY: An existing model of palliative care, which includes the public health approach in Rio Grande be used as a basis for more equitable palliative care in Brazil, to meet a large unmet need.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Palliative care ",2,45,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Rio Grande",317,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1605,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"rio grande"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1605,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilrio grande",14,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1605,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},0]
["Kelly, J. D., Frankfurter, R., Lurton, G., Conteh, S., Empson, S. F., Daboh, F., Kargbo, B., Giordano, T., Mukherjee, J. and Barrie, M. B.",2018,"Evaluation of a community-based ART programme after tapering home visits in rural Sierra Leone: a 24-month retrospective study","Evaluations of community-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes have demonstrated positive outcomes, but little is known about the impact of tapering community-based ART. The objective of this study was to assess 24-month HIV retention outcomes of a community-based ART programme and its tapered visit frequency in Koidu City, Sierra Leone. This retrospective, quasi-experimental study compared outcomes of 52 HIV-infected persons initiated on community-based ART against 91 HIV-infected persons receiving the standard of care from November 2009 to February 2013. The community-based ART pilot programme was designed to strengthen the standard of care through a comprehensive, patient-centred case management strategy. The strategy included medical, educational, psychological, social, and economic support. Starting in October 2011, the frequency of home visits was tapered from twice daily every day per week to once daily three days per week. Outcomes were retention in care at 12 and 24 months and adherence to ART over a three-month time period. Participants who received community-based ART had significantly higher retention than those receiving standard of care. At 12 months, retention rates for community-based ART and standard of care were 61.5% and 31.9%, respectively (p < .01). At 24 months, retention rates for community-based ART and standard of care were 73.1% and 44.0%, respectively (p < .01). Significant differences in levels of adherence were observed when comparing community-based ART against persons receiving standard of care (p < .05). No differences in adherence levels were observed between groups of people receiving various frequencies of home visits. Our pilot programme in Koidu City provides new evidence that community-based ART has the potential to improve retention and adherence outcomes for HIV-infected persons, regardless of the frequency of home visits. Overcoming the barriers to HIV care requires a comprehensive, patient-centred approach that may include clinic-based and community-based interventions.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,"community based care",3,null,3,0,0,"Koidu City, Sierra Leone",297,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1606,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Koidu-Bulma"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1606,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Sierra Leone"},{"$f":"+V1606&U1606","v":"Sierra LeoneKoidu-Bulma"},81,6,1]
["Leslie, E. T. A. and Buntin, M. B.",2018,"A Systematic Approach to Translating Evidence into Practice to Reduce Infant Mortality","Purpose To provide recommendations for improving rates of infant mortality in a U.S. southeastern city using a collective impact approach. Description A convening organization and its academic partner devised a systematic process involving national experts and local stakeholders. Assessment A panel of infant mortality experts reached consensus on eight recommendations and three key overarching principles. Local stakeholder groups advanced four recommendations, of which three aligned closely with expert panel recommendations: (1) increasing access to, and use of 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P); (2) reshaping housing policy using a health lens, and (3) supporting pre-conception health, intra-conception health and family planning. Conclusion The dynamic process of recommendation development occurred within a larger collective impact framework and can be used to shape a community-based approach to infant mortality. Other communities interested in improving rates of infant mortality or tackling other challenging public health issues could engage in a similar process. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","infant mortality",1,37,2,null,7,null,2,0,0,"US City",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1607,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1607,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Rodríguez Fernández-Viagas, C., García Gil, C., Bayo Barroso, N., Villalba Quesada, C. and Álvarez Girón, M.",2018,"Implementation of a health promotion programme for women in social exclusion in the city of Seville (Spain)","Health promotion can contribute towards reducing inequality and ensuring equal opportunities, providing the means to enable the entire population to develop its maximum health possibilities. Women living in areas with social transformation needs (ASTN) are an especially vulnerable group due to the situation of material deprivation and social exclusion in which they live. Health promotion programmes for this group can bring about an improvement in their health. This paper describes the health promotion programme Socio-educational Groups of Primary Care for Women (SEGPC-W), and evaluates its implementation in ASTN in the city of Seville (Spain), as well as the benefits and difficulties of its development through a documentary analysis and interviews with participating professionals. © 2017 SESPAS","y",null,null,"Journal Article","womens health",1,0,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"seville",320,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1608,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Sevilla"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1608,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Spain"},"SpainSevilla",4,3,0]
["Shobeiri, F., Afshari, K. D., Nazari, S., Nazari, S. and Farhadian, M.",2018,"Effect of nutritional program on nutritional behavior in pregnant women at Hamadan, Iran","Objective: To examine the effect of nutritional program based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model on nutritional behaviors of pregnant women referred to health centers in Hamadan city, Iran. Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental study. Hundred pregnant women (primigravidae) referred to health centers in Hamadan city, Iran, from October 2015 to March 2016 were randomly assigned to two groups (study and control). Nutritional program was presented within 04 sessions in two weeks. Data were gathered using three-part (demographics, program and nutritional behavior) questionnaire. Four nutritional program sessions were carried out in the study group. Assessment was done in three steps (before, immediately, and six weeks later to interposition). Processing of the data was carried out by SPSS version16 and ANOVA was used to compare the groups. Results: The mean scores of the two groups were matched based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM). The scores after the intervention in both nutritional behaviors and Pender’s HPM components improved as compared to control group (p <0.001). Conclusion: There was significant difference between the scores on various components after the Pender’s HPM based nutritional education on nutritional behavior of pregnant women in the study group as compared to control group. © 2018, Postgraduate Medical Institute. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"hamadan",257,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1609,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hamadan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1609,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Iran"},"IranHamadan",33,4,1]
["Jawad, M. K., Adai, M. K. and Hussein, Z. A.",2018,"Education program to improve mother’s knowledge about management of children with pinworms","Pinworm it’s also known Entrobius vermicularis is one of the most common Human being parasitic infections worldwide especially in temperate weather. A quasi-experimental design study has been carried out in Al-Diwaniya city from some kindergartens conducted throughout the period of October 18th, 2017 to august 5th, 2018. Cluster sample is comprised of 40 mothers divided into two groups: study group involves of 20 mothers which exposed to the educational program and control group involves of 20 mothers not exposed to the program. Results of our study show that the effectiveness of educational program regarding mother’s knowledge about management of children with pinworm infection is positive and clear. It also shows that there is a good development with highly significant differences in study group between pre and post-test in all items associated to management of children with pinworms. The study concluded that the educational program is an appropriate and active to improve the mother’s knowledge about management of children with pinworms. Also the study concludes that the most of mothers as general is knowledge deficit regarding management of children with pinworm infection. © 2018, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Pinworm infection",1,49,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"Al-Diwaniya",265,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1610,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Ad Diwaniyah"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1610,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"iraq"},"iraqAd Diwaniyah",73,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1610,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Sanchez, Z. M., Valente, J. Y., Sanudo, A., Pereira, A. P. D., Schneider, D. R. and Andreoni, S.",2018,"Effectiveness evaluation of the school-based drug prevention program #Tamojunto in Brazil: 21-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial","Introduction: A school-based randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2014/2015 with students in 7th and 8th grades in 72 public schools in 6 Brazilian cities. A total of 5028 students were linked (75, 7%) in at least one of the two waves of follow-up (9 months and 21 months later). The principal research question was whether this 12-lesson program delays the initiation of alcohol, tobacco, inhalants and binge drinking among early adolescents when compared to usual care, that is, no prevention program in Brazilian schools, after 21 months of follow up. Methods: Cox regression models were adjusted to evaluate the incidence of drug use. Generalized linear latent mixed models (GLLAMM) were used to evaluate changes in the prevalence of each drug over time and between groups. Findings The incidence analysis showed a negative effect of the program for alcohol initiation (aHR = 1.13, 95%CI 1.01; 127) but an opposite protective effect for the initiation of inhalant use (aHR = 0.79, 95%CI 0.66; 0.95). After 21 months, the prevalence of past-year use of alcohol changed from 30.1% to 49.8% in the intervention group and from 29.9% to 45.8% in the control group. Adolescents in the intervention group were 30% more likely to have reported past-year use of alcohol than students in the control group at 21 months (aOR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.02; 1.65). No effects of the program on past-month drug use were found. The Brazilian version of the Unplugged program may be misinterpreted by public school students, perhaps arousing their curiosity regarding alcohol use. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","alcohol ",1,13,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"6 Brazilian cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1611,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1611,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,2,3]
["Melo E Lima, T. R. D., Maia, P. F. C. D. M. D., Valente, E. P., Vezzini, F. and Tamburlini, G.",2018,"Effectiveness of an action-oriented educational intervention in ensuring long term improvement of knowledge, attitudes and practices of community health workers in maternal and infant health: A randomized controlled study 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1117 Public Health and Health Services","Background: The potential role of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in improving maternal and child health outcomes, particularly in low and middle-income countries and in disadvantaged communities, is receiving increased attention. Adequate and focused training is among the key requisites for enhancing CHWs performances and research is necessary to identify effective training methods. Methods: A randomized controlled study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a training course in improving knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of CHWs regarding maternal and infant health. Seventy-eight CHWs belonging to Family Health Units in the city of Recife, Brazil were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The intervention group took part in a four-day interactive training course based on an action-oriented guide to perform home visits to pregnant women and their infants throughout pregnancy and infancy until 9 months of age. KAP in intervention group after training and after 1 year were compared to control group and to baseline. Results: Fifty-nine CHWs completed all KAP assessments (31 in intervention and 28 in control group). Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. At 1 year from training, the intervention group had higher overall KAP score (120.65 vs. 108.19, p < 0.001) as well as knowledge (47.45 vs. 40.54, p < 0.001), practice (53.45 vs. 49.11, p < 0.001) and attitudes scores (19.74 vs. 18.81, p = 0.047) than the control group. Moreover, at 1 year from training, the intervention group maintained significant improvements in overall KAP score (120.65 vs. 106.55, p < 0.001) as well as in knowledge (45.45 vs. 42.13, p < 0.001), and practice (53.45 vs. 45.29, p < 0.001) scores with respect to baseline. In the control group, overall KAP (106.59 vs. 108.19, p = 0.345) as well as separate knowledge, attitudes and practices scores remained unchanged. Conclusions: A four-day interactive training course on action-oriented home visits to pregnant women and infants produced a sustained improvement of CHWs' KAP and may represent a model to ensure retention of acquired competences. Trial registration: RBR-9gchqr. Date registered: July 21, 2018 (Retrospectively registered). © 2018 The Author(s).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","maternal and infant health",2,37,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Recife",315,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1612,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Recife"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1612,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Brazil"},"BrazilRecife",14,2,1]
["Kahriman, I. and Karadeniz, H.",2018,"Effects of a safety-awareness-promoting program targeting mothers of children aged 0-6 years to prevent pediatric injuries in the home environment: Implications for nurses","Pediatric injuries pose a significant problem, both in Turkey and worldwide, because they lead to death or disability in a number of children each year. This quasi-experimental study aimed to identify the effects of the training provided to mothers with children aged 0-6 years about the hazards that lead to pediatric injuries. The population of the research comprised mothers with children aged 0-6 years, living in the city center. Considering the educational and socioeconomic levels of the individuals registered in the family health centers (FHC), the FHCs were divided into 3 groups of high, moderate, and low socioeconomic level. Subsequently, 1 FHC was selected from each level using simple random sampling. The study was conducted with 300 volunteer mothers registered in these FHCs. The tools used for data collection included the \"0-6-year-old Children's Mothers' Identification Scale of Safety Precautions for the Prevention of Pediatric Injuries,\" the \"Risk Assessment Form for Pediatric Injuries\" (RAF), and a 33-item questionnaire. After the training on the prevention of pediatric injuries, the mothers' scores on the identification of safety precautions for pediatric injuries increased significantly (p = 000). In addition, there was a significant difference between the pre- A nd posttest scores of the mothers (p <.05) on all dimensions of the RAF (choking, burns, poisoning, sharp object injuries, and falling; all p values <.05). Thus, the training provided to mothers to prevent pediatric injuries was effective in improving the awareness of the mothers. © 2018 Society of Trauma Nurses.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Paediatric injuries",1,44,2,null,1,null,1,0,0,"none stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1613,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1613,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",57,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1613,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},1]
["Dodson, Z. M., Yoo, E. H. E., Martin-Gill, C. and Roth, R.",2018,"Spatial methods to enhance public health surveillance and resource deployment in the opioid epidemic","Objectives. To improve public health surveillance and response by using spatial optimization. Methods. We identified cases of suspected nonfatal opioid overdose events in which naloxone was administered from April 2013 through December 2016 treated by the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Bureau of Emergency Medical Services. We used spatial modeling to identify areas hardest hit to spatially optimize naloxone distribution among pharmacies in Pittsburgh. Results. We identified 3182 opioid overdose events with our classification approach, which generated spatial patterns of opioid overdoses within Pittsburgh. We then used overdose location to spatially optimize accessibility to naloxone via pharmacies in the city. Only 24 pharmacies offered naloxone at the time, and only 3 matched with our optimized solution. Conclusions. Our methodology rapidly identified communities hardest hit by the opioid epidemic with standard public health data. Naloxone accessibility can be optimized with established location-allocation approaches. Public Health Implications. Our methodology can be easily implemented by public health departments for automated surveillance of the opioid epidemic and has the flexibility to optimize a variety of intervention strategies. © 2018 American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Public Health Surveillance",1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"Pittsburgh",310,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1614,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Pittsburgh"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1614,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAPittsburgh",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1614,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Chowdhury, F., Sturm-Ramirez, K., Mamun, A. A., Iuliano, A. D., Chisti, M. J., Ahmed, M., Bhuiyan, M. U., Hossain, K., Haider, M. S., Aziz, S. A., Rahman, M. and Azziz-Baumgartner, E.",2018,"Effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve antibiotic dispensing practices for acute respiratory illness among drug sellers in pharmacies, a pilot study in Bangladesh","Background: Inappropriate dispensing of antibiotics for acute respiratory illness (ARI) is common among drug sellers in Bangladesh. In this study, we evaluated the impact of an educational intervention to promote guidelines for better ARI management among drug sellers. Methods: From June 2012 to December 2013, we conducted baseline and post-intervention surveys on dispensing practices in 100 pharmacies within Dhaka city. In these surveys, drug sellers participated in 6 standardized role-playing scenarios led by study staffs acting as caregivers of ARI patients and drug sellers were blinded to these surveys. After the baseline survey, we developed ARI guidelines and facilitated a one-day educational intervention about ARI management for drug sellers. Our guidelines only recommended antibiotics for children with complicated ARI. Finally, we conducted the six month post-intervention survey using the same scenarios to record changes in drug dispensing practices. Results: Only 2/3 of participating pharmacies were licensed and few (11%) of drug sellers had pharmacy training. All the drug sellers were male, had a median age of 34 years (IQR 28-41). For children, dispensing of antibiotics for uncomplicated ARI decreased (30% baseline vs. 21% post-intervention; p = 0.04), but drug sellers were equally likely to dispense antibiotics for complicated ARI (15% baseline vs. 17% post-intervention; p = 0.6) and referrals to physicians for complicated ARIs decreased (70% baseline vs. 58% post-intervention; p = 0.03). For adults, antibiotic dispensing remained similar for uncomplicated ARI (48% baseline vs. 40% post-intervention; p = 0.1) but increased among those with complicated ARI (44% baseline vs. 78% post-intervention; p < 0.001). Although our evidence-based guidelines recommended against prescribing antihistamines for children, drug sellers continued to sell similar amounts for uncomplicated ARI (33% baseline vs. 32% post-intervention; p = 0.9). Conclusions: Despite the intervention, drug sellers continued to frequently dispense antibiotics for ARI, except for children with uncomplicated ARI. Pairing educational interventions among drug sellers with raising awareness about proper antibiotic use among general population should be further explored. In addition, annual licensing and an reaccreditation system with comprehensive monitoring should be enforced, using penalties for non-compliant pharmacies as possible incentives for appropriate dispensing practices. © 2018 The Author(s).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Acute Respiratory illness",2,38,2,null,1,null,7,0,0,"Dhaka",277,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1615,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Dhaka"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1615,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Bangladesh"},"BangladeshDhaka",68,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1615,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Korn, A., Bolton, S. M., Spencer, B., Alarcon, J. A., Andrews, L. and Voss, J. G.",2018,"Physical and mental health impacts of household gardens in an urban slum in Lima, Peru","Rural poverty and lack of access to education has led to urban migration and fed the constant growth of urban slums in Lima, Peru. Inhabitants of these informal settlements lack land rights and access to a public water supply, resulting in poor sanitation, an inability to grow food, and suboptimal health outcomes. A repeated measures longitudinal pilot study utilizing participatory design methods was conducted in Lima between September 2013 and September 2014 to determine the feasibility of implementing household gardens and the subsequent impact of increased green space on well-being. Anthropometric data and a composite of five validated mental health surveys were collected at the baseline, 6-months, and 12-months after garden construction. Significant increases from the baseline in all domains of quality of life, including: physical (p < 0.01), psychological (p = 0.05), social (p = 0.02), environmental (p = 0.02), and overall social capital (p < 0.01) were identified 12 months after garden construction. Life-threatening experiences decreased significantly compared to the baseline (p = 0.02). There were no significant changes in parent or partner empathy (p = 0.21), BMI (p = 0.95), waist circumference (p = 0.18), or blood pressure (p = 0.66) at 6 or 12 months. Improved access to green space in the form of a household garden can significantly improve mental health in an urban slum setting. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","green spaces",1,36,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"Lima, Peru",255,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1616,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Lima"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1616,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Peru"},"PeruLima",45,2,1]
["Koch, J., Scherer, J. and Holt, N.",2018,"Slap Shot! Sport, Masculinities, and Homelessness in the Downtown Core of a Divided Western Canadian Inner City","This urban ethnography explores how a group of low-income (often homeless) men performed a range of masculinities through a sport-for-development program in the Western Canadian city of Edmonton, Alberta. For more than two decades, weekly floor hockey games have been organized by local health workers as part of a broader sport-based intervention/corrective aimed, in part, at reforming Edmonton’s urban “underclass,” one that is decidedly Indigenous. Drawing upon three years of ethnographic fieldwork, our intersectional analysis examines both the adaptive qualities of various classed and racialized masculinities and demonstrates the “symbolic violence” associated with their performance in the distinctive settler–colonial context of Edmonton’s inner city. Finally, we examine how these weekly sporting interludes also provided opportunities for more caring versions of masculinity and for more enduring forms of solidarity, support, and community to be enacted and experienced. © The Author(s) 2018.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"edmonton (canada)",279,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1617,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"edmonton"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1617,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaedmonton",2,1,0]
["Li, J., Li, X. B., Li, B. and Peng, Z. R.",2018,"The effect of nonlocal vehicle restriction policy on air quality in Shanghai","In recent years, road space rationing policies have been increasingly applied as a traffic management solution to tackle congestion and traffic emission problems in big cities. Existing studies on the effect of traffic policy on air quality have mainly focused on the odd-even day traffic restriction policy or one-day-per-week restriction policy. There are few studies paying attention to the effect of nonlocal license plate restrictions on air quality in Shanghai. Restrictions toward nonlocal vehicles usually prohibit vehicles with nonlocal license plates from entering certain urban areas or using certain subsets of the road network (e.g., the elevated expressway) during specific time periods on workdays. To investigate the impact of such a policy on the residents' exposure to pollutants, CO concentration and Air Quality Index (AQI) were compared during January and February in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Regression discontinuity (RD) was used to test the validity of nonlocal vehicle restriction on mitigating environmental pollution. Several conclusions can be made: (1) CO concentration was higher on ground-level roads on the restriction days than those in the nonrestriction days; (2) the extension of the restriction period exposed the commuters to high pollution for a longer time on the ground, which will do harm to them; and (3) the nonlocal vehicle restriction policy did play a role in improving the air quality in Shanghai when extending the evening rush period. Additionally, some suggestions are mentioned in order to improve air quality and passenger health and safety. © 2018 by the authors.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air quality",1,16,2,"restricted non local traffic",2,null,1,0,0,"shanghai",200,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1618,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shanghai"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1618,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaShanghai",20,4,1]
["Shagiwal, S. S., Schop-Etman, A., Bergwerff, I., Vrencken, W. and Denktaş, S.",2018,"The BeHealthyR Study: A randomized trial of a multicomponent intervention to reduce stress, smoking and improve financial health of low-income residents in Rotterdam","Background: Compared to higher socioeconomic status (SES) groups, those in lower SES groups are financially strained, experience higher rates of smoking-related morbidity, are in poorer health and have reduced life expectancy. This is especially true for the city of Rotterdam, where a large inequality in health is observed between low and high SES groups. The BeHealthyR study (Dutch: Grip en Gezondheid) is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) which will evaluate the impact of a theory-based multicomponent behavior intervention aiming to reduce stress, smoking, and improve financial health by means of a group-based stress management program combining cognitive and behavioral techniques, and nudges in low-SES residents living in Rotterdam. Methods: The BeHealthyR study is a three-arm RCT. Between February 2018 and July 2019, low-SES participants who perceive stress, smoke, are financially strained and reside in Rotterdam (one of the four largest cities in The Netherlands) are recruited. Subsequently, participants are randomly assigned to either a stress management condition (SM), stress management with a buddy condition (SM-B) or a control condition (CC). Participants in the SM and SM-B conditions will attend four weekly group sessions (1.5 h/session) and a follow-up session eight weeks later. The SM condition includes psychoeducation and exercises, and cognitive and behavioral intervention techniques. Demographic data and objective measures will be collected at baseline (T0), four weeks post-baseline (T1), and twelve weeks post-baseline (T2). Primary outcome measures are to reduce stress, smoking and improve financial health. We hypothesize that low-SES participants in the intervention conditions, compared with those in the control condition, will experience less stress, smoke less and have improved financial health. Discussion: This study is a group-based intervention which aims to investigate the effects of a theory-based behavioral change intervention employing several components on reducing stress, smoking, and improving financial health in low-SES residents living in Rotterdam. If effective, the findings from the present study will serve to inform future directions of research and clinical practice with regard to behavioral change interventions for low-SES groups. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03553979). Registered on January 1 2018. © 2018 The Author(s).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","stress and smoking",1,7,2,"education and behariour change",1,"research",7,0,0,"rotterdam",173,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1619,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rotterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1619,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsRotterdam",30,3,0]
["Dang, A. K., Tran, B. X., Nguyen, L. H., Do, H. T., Nguyen, C. T., Fleming, M., Le, H. T., Le, Q. N. H., Latkin, C. A., Zhang, M. W. B. and Ho, R. C. M.",2018,"Customers’ perceptions of compliance with a tobacco control law in restaurants in hanoi, Vietnam: A cross-sectional study","The Tobacco Harm Prevention Law has been promulgated in 2012 in Vietnam, prohibiting smoking in public places such as restaurants except for designated smoking areas. However, currently, evidence about Vietnamese customers’ and restaurants’ compliance with the Law is constrained. This study aimed to explore customers’ perceptions; attitudes and practices towards the compliance with tobacco control regulations in the restaurants in Hanoi, Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was performed in October 2015 with 1746 customers in 176 communes in Hanoi, Vietnam. Data about customers’ perceptions on how restaurants comply with the smoking control law and whether customers smoking actively or experienced SHS in restaurants in the last 30 days were collected. Multivariable mixed effects logistic regression model was used to determine the factors related to smoking in the restaurant. Most customers were aware of the law on Tobacco Harm Prevention (79%; n = 1320) and regulations that prohibited smoking in restaurants (78.4%; n = 1137). While 75.8% (n = 1285) of customers perceived that they did not see or rarely saw no-smoking signs, 17.7% (n = 481) of customers reported that they frequently saw direct marketing of tobacco in visited restaurants. About one-fourth of customers witnessed that the staff reminded customers not to smoke inside restaurants (28.8%; n = 313), and 65% (n = 1135) sometimes or always were exposed to secondhand smoke in their visited restaurants. People who were female (OR = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.01–0.05) were less likely to report their smoking in the restaurant than their counterparts. Those having higher age (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01–1.06), high school education (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.07–4.26), being office workers (OR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.33–7.92) or unemployed (OR = 4.45; 95% CI = 1.09–18.15) had a higher likelihood of reporting to be restaurant smokers than those having lower high education or students, respectively. This study highlighted a low level of perceived compliance with the smoke-free law in Vietnamese restaurants. Improving the monitoring systems for the enforcement of the smoking law in restaurants should be prioritized; restaurant owners should implement 100% smoke-free environments as following the best practice towards the tobacco control law along with educational campaigns to promote the awareness of restaurant owners and customers about the tobacco control law. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Tobacco control ",1,7,2,null,2,null,4,0,0,"Hanoi ",282,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1620,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hanoi"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1620,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Vietnam"},"VietnamHanoi",60,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1620,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Williams, R. D., Housman, J. M. and Evans, J. L.",2018,"Continued reduction of particulate matter in bars six months after adoption of a smoke-free ordinance","The purpose of this study was to measure particulate matter (PM2.5) in pubs and bars prior to the adoption of a comprehensive, citywide smoke-free ordinance, as well as at multiple time points after adoption. Ten venues in a Southern U.S. city were measured at 1-month preordinance and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month postordinance. Air quality risk was determined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality Index. Data revealed a statistically significant difference (p &lt;.001; Eta2 =.889) in PM2.5 levels for the four time points. Air quality measurements showed that PM2.5 was 202.17 ± 97.89 (mean ± SD) at 1-month preordinance, 25.53 ± 14.18 at 1-month postordinance, 18.00 ± 8.43 at 3-month postordinance, and 10.77 ± 2.45 at 6-month postordinance. At the preordinance measurement, no venue was found to be in the \"good\" (minimal risk) range of the Air Quality Index; however, 100% of venues presented minimal air quality risk by the 3-month postordinance measurement. This study shows that adoption of smoke-free ordinances yields immediate reductions in health risks with continued air quality improvements up to 6-month postordinance (the last time point measured). © 2018 National Environmental Health Association. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","smoking",1,7,2,"banning smoking utdoors",2,"law",4,0,0,"southern US City",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1621,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1621,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,1]
["Brown, H., Proust, K., Newell, B., Spickett, J., Capon, T. and Bartholomew, L.",2018,"Cool communities—Urban density, trees, and health","A move towards more compact and climate-resilient cities is being encouraged around the world. As part of these plans, there is a need to manage the potential conflict between increasing urban densities and the extent of tree canopy in cities. Reductions in tree canopy are a major contributor to the urban heat island (UHI) effect, which will act to reduce rather than increase climate resilience in many cities. A systems thinking approach called Collaborative Conceptual Modelling was used to study the interaction between urban infill, tree canopy, and human health in Perth, Australia. The results indicated that under current planning policies and development practices, the behaviour of the system is dominated by the drive towards higher housing densities. While this may result in the attainment of urban infill targets, it is likely to lead to a reduction in tree canopy, higher temperatures, and a decrease in a range of other benefits provided by trees. Recommended actions to overcome this behaviour were determined by the identification of leverage points in the system. These included a shift to a sustainable development paradigm that places greater value on the environmental and social benefits provided by trees and a greater emphasis on a climate-resilient future. Market and legislative mechanisms should be integrated into the city’s greening strategy and development plans to ensure the protection of existing trees and the inclusion of new trees on public and private land. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Climate resilience",1,36,2,null,2,null,7,0,0,"Perth",240,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1622,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Perth"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1622,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"australia"},"australiaPerth",9,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1622,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},0]
["Xie, X. F. and Wang, Z. J.",2018,"Examining travel patterns and characteristics in a bikesharing network and implications for data-driven decision supports: Case study in the Washington DC area","Bikesharing has gradually become an adopted form of mobility in urban area recent years as one sustainable transportation mode to bring us many social, environmental, economic, and health-related benefits and rewards. There is increased research toward better understanding of bikesharing systems (BSS) in urban environments. However, our comprehension remains incomplete on the patterns and characteristics of BSS. In this paper, aiming to help improving sustainability in multimodal transportation through BSS, we perform a systematic data analysis to examine underlying patterns and characteristics of the system dynamics in a bikeshare network and to acquire implications of the patterns and characteristics for decision making. As a case study, we use trip history data from the Capital Bikeshare system in the Washington DC area and some additional data sources. The study covers seven important aspects of bikeshare transportation systems, which are respectively trip demand and flow, operating activities, use and idle times, trip purpose, origin-destination flows, mobility, and safety. For these aspects, by using appropriate statistical methods and geographic techniques, we investigate travel patterns and characteristics of BSS from data to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative impacts of the inputs from key stakeholders on main measures of effectiveness such as trip costs, mobility, safety, quality of service, and operational efficiency, where key stakeholders include road users, system operators, and city. We also disclose some new patterns and characteristics of BSS to advance the knowledge on travel behaviors. Finally, we briefly summarize our findings and discuss the implications of the patterns and characteristics for data-driven decision supports from the relations between BSS and key stakeholders for promoting bikeshare utilization and transforming urban transportation to be more sustainable. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"bike share",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"washington",239,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1623,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Washington"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1623,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaWashington",1,1,0]
["Jacquez, F., Vaughn, L. M. and Suarez-Cano, G.",2018,"Implementation of a Stress Intervention with Latino Immigrants in a Non-traditional Migration City","Stress negatively impacts health outcomes across all racial and ethnic groups, but the health disparities experienced by Latino immigrants in nontraditional migration cities are exacerbated by undeveloped infrastructure and weak social support networks. Immigrants in new migration cities can be difficult to engage in health interventions and are therefore underrepresented in the very research where their inclusion is most crucial. To effectively engage Latino immigrants, a team of academic and community researchers collaborated on a community-based participatory research project to design and implement a stress and coping intervention. Top stressors reported were family, children, and work, but health was most commonly identified as the primary stressor. Participants overwhelmingly chose physical activity goals for stress reduction. Pre- to post- intervention results revealed significant improvements in social support and stress management. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of a peer-led, community-partnered approach to implementing a stress intervention with Latino immigrants in a nontraditional migration city. © 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Stress ",1,25,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"migration city'",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1624,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1624,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1624,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},1]
["Kauh, T. J., Dawkins-Lyn, N., Dooyema, C., Harris, C., Jernigan, J., Kettel Khan, L., Ottley, P. and Young-Hyman, D.",2018,"Childhood Obesity Declines Project: An Effort of the National Collaborative on Childhood Obesity Research to Explore Progress in Four Communities","Background: Recent findings show that national childhood obesity prevalence overall is improving among some age groups, but that disparities continue to persist, particularly among populations that have historically been at higher risk of obesity and overweight. Over the past several years, many jurisdictions at the city or county level across the nation have also reported declines. Little evaluation has focused on understanding the factors that influence the implementation of efforts to reduce childhood obesity rates. This article summarizes the rationale, aims, and overall design of the Childhood Obesity Declines Project (COBD), which was the first of its kind to systematically study and document the what, how, when, and where of community-based obesity strategies in four distinct communities across the nation. Methods: COBD was initiated by the National Collaborative on Childhood Obesity Research (NCCOR), was led by a subset of NCCOR advisors and a research team at ICF, and was guided by external advisors made up of researchers, decision makers, and other key stakeholders. The research team used an adapted version of the Systematic Screening and Assessment method to review and collect retrospective implementation data in four communities. Results: COBD found that sites implemented strategies across the many levels and environments that impact children's well being (akin to the social-ecological framework), building a Culture of Health in their communities. Conclusions: COBD demonstrates how collaboratives of major funders with the support of other experts and key stakeholders, can help to accelerate progress in identifying and disseminating strategies that promote healthy eating and physical activity. © Copyright 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2018.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","childhood obesity",1,1,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1625,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1625,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Delso, J., Martín, B. and Ortega, E.",2018,"A new procedure using network analysis and kernel density estimations to evaluate the effect of urban configurations on pedestrian mobility. The case study of Vitoria –Gasteiz","Walking as a stand-alone transport mode has recently been the focus of attention by researchers, urban planners and the public. The reasons are multiple and involve health, economic, social and environmental issues. City planners are implementing new urban configurations aimed at providing global solutions for environmental and mobility challenges by improving the availability and quality of the public space for walking. The aim of this paper is to provide a procedure to evaluate the impact of obstacles to pedestrian mobility and walkability —understanding obstacles as street crossings where pedestrians must wait to continue their route. The procedure combines the calculation of travel time on minimum cost routes and network kernel density estimations. The implementation of a new urban configuration in a medium sized city in northern Spain —the superblocks model in Vitoria-Gasteiz city— serves as a case study. The main results show that the implementation of the superblocks reduces pedestrian travel times by approximately 4–5%, and that the greatest improvements in pedestrian mobility due to the reduction of obstacles are found in areas in the city centre or in streets linking important residential areas with the centre. The procedure has been demonstrated to be useful for urban and transport planners to identify priority areas of action and to evaluate pedestrian movements and walkability under new urban configurations. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Active travel ",1,29,2,null,2,null,5,0,0," Vitoria-Gasteiz",264,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1626,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Vitoria-Gasteiz"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1626,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainVitoria-Gasteiz",4,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1626,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},1]
["Vogler, I. H., Alfieri, D. F., Gianjacomo, H. D. B., de Almeida, E. R. D. and Reiche, E. M. V.",2018,"Cascade of care for people living with HIV infection in southern Brazil: Results from a public health network","The cascade of care for people living with HIV infection (PLHIV) describes steps in diagnosis, linkage and retention in care, as well as the provision and success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The aim of this study was to evaluate the rates regarding the retention in care, on cART, and suppressed viral load for PLHIV attended at a Brazilian public health network. Data on PLHIV from 116 cities of Paraná, Southern Brazil, attended from 2012 to 2015, were retrospectively collected through the Laboratory Tests Control System (SISCEL). The number of PLHIV related to care increased about 22.5% from 2012 to 2015 (4,106 to 5,030 individuals). The proportion of PLHIV retained in care showed a trend toward stabilization around 81.7-86.9%. Every year, the use of cART increased up to 90.3% for PLHIV retained in care. Viral load suppression was achieved by 72.8% of patients on cART and 57.1% by those linked to care. Retention in care and HIV viral suppression were more likely to occur in older PLHIV than younger ones; similarly, patients living in medium-sized cities were more susceptible to these factors than in large-or small-sized cities. In conclusion, the study showed a high level of retention in care and HIV suppression on cART, as well as emphasized that current efforts for treating already-infected PLHIV remain a challenge for our health public institutions and may contribute to highlight steps for improvement of the HIV cascade of care in our population. © 2018, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",2,2,1,null,3,"not stated",3,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1627,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1627,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1627,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},2]
["Chuang, C. C., Rau, J. Y., Lai, M. K. and Shih, C. L.",2018,"Combining Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, and Internet Protocol Cameras to Reconstruct 3-D Disaster Scenes During Rescue Operations","Objective: Strong earthquakes often cause massive structural and nonstructural damage, timely assessment of the catastrophe related massive casualty incidents (MCIs) for deploying rescue resource are critical in order to minimize ongoing fatalities. A magnitude 6.6 earthquake struck southern Taiwan on February 6, 2016 (the so-called 02/06 Meinong earthquake). It led to 117 deaths and 522 injuries. Advanced technologies including aerial devices and innovation concept were adopted for more effective rescue efforts. We would like to share our innovative concept in MCIs experienced in 02/06 Meinong earthquake in 2016. Methods: A collapsed building, Weiguan residential apartment complex, was the most devastating building collapsed in Tainan, resulting in 115 people killed. Regional Emergency Medical Operational Centers (REMOCs), supervised by Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare, were activated immediately and collaborated with Tainan City government command center to initiate emergency rescue reliefs. Results: We, for the first time, attempted to use cyber devices including an internet-protocol camera and a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a high-resolution digital camera used to acquire imagery during the rescue operation. Moreover, a photo-realistic 3-D model reconstructed by the acquired UAV imagery could provide real-time information from UAV to rescue team leaders in remote location for effectively deploying medical posts and emergency resources at scene. Conclusion: We proposed the concept of real-time UAV imagery for reconstructing photo-realistic 3-D model, which might greatly improve prehospital emergency management after disaster. © 2018, © 2018 National Association of EMS Physicians.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Emergency response",2,23,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"Tainan (Tiawan)",216,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1628,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Tainan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1628,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"taiwan"},"taiwanTainan",55,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1628,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Browning, G.",2018,"Let's get our priorities straight","Water by Design is a capacity building program based in Brisbane, Australia that focuses on waterway health and aims to aid local governments and the development industry in the goal of transitioning to a water sensitive city. Water by Design's survey of the issues affecting waterway health reveal a very broad suite of problems to solve. This includes diffuse and point source pollution, hydrologic change, riparian disturbance, scour and erosion. With the recent implementation of stormwater pollution offsets schemes across Queensland there is a growing financial budget for waterway improvement projects. There are, however, many conflicting priorities. Waterway managers are faced with the problem of guessing what management actions (e.g. ESC (Erosion and Sediment Control), WSUD (Water Sensitive Urban Design), pollutant source control, stream rehabilitation, fish passage, etc.) are best for the environment and how social and economic considerations can be incorporated into the mix. A risk management approach is used to reframe the process to identify critical vulnerabilities. We also explore a number of prioritisation and decision support tools to try and narrow down the options. A 'threat-barrier' diagram is used to simplify the complex interactions between urban development and the natural environment. This paper also introduces an 'opportunity management' approach to maximise the potential benefits of any interventions. © 2018 WIT Press","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Water",1,28,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"Brisbane",270,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1629,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"brisbane"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1629,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"australia"},"australiabrisbane",9,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1629,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},0]
["Abdikadirova, I. T., Chukmaiitov, A. C., Yermukhanova, L. S., Kaliyeva-Karabalina, M. C., Ktabalieva, A. T., Taushanova, M. K. and Turdalina, K. B.",2018,"Analysis of health professionals and patients opinions about information systems in public health through a sociological survey","Aim: The global priority for strengthening the health system is the need to improve health information systems. The effectiveness of medical institutions work depends on the statistical data processing quality and speed, which makes the use of information systems in health care currently relevant. Experimental: 1233 respondents took part in the sociological survey, including 352 health professionals working with AIS (Automated Information System “Polyclinic”), “Attached Population Register” (APR), Electronic Dispensary Patient Register (EDPR). Result and Discussion: 70.4% responded - “significantly improved” to the question about improving the organization of medical care in health care facilities after the introduction of information systems. And, also we have studied the “Electronic Dispensary Patient Register (EDPR)” portal, where 881 patients (18-63 years old) with arterial hypertension are on dispensary registration. Conclusion: Results of sociological surveys on health informatization have shown that information systems in health-care facilitate access to information, save time for medical personnel, improve management of work processes and improve the efficiency of medical institutions. © 2018 JPR Solutions. All Rights Reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Health information ",1,0,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1630,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1630,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1630,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Tanaka, K., Senjyu, H., Tawara, Y., Tanaka, T., Asai, M., Tabusadani, M., Honda, S., Sawai, T. and Kozu, R.",2018,"Effects of systematic intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on follow-up and smoking cessation rates and changes of the pulmonary function: A 7-year longitudinal study in a Japanese rural city","Objective The early detection and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requires comprehensive follow-up over a long period. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a comprehensive long-term intervention system developed by the COPD Task Force for a rural city in Japan during a 7-year period. Methods This prospective, community-based longitudinal study encompassed 2006-2013 in Matsuura City, Japan. Primary and secondary screenings were performed for the early diagnosis and treatment of COPD. Individuals diagnosed with COPD were managed by the COPD Task Force’s comprehensive early intervention system. The outcomes of interest were the rate of continuous follow-up after the diagnosis of COPD, the smoking cessation rate, and changes in the pulmonary function during a 7-year period. Subjects The study included 8,878 residents of 50-89 years of age who resided in Matsuura in 2006. Results In total, 140 participants received definitive diagnoses of COPD in 2006. After 7 years of intervention, 34 patients withdrew; 78 (74%) patients continued with treatment in our intervention system. The rate of smoking cessation was significantly increased in the intervention group (from 30% to 68%; p&lt;0.01) over the 7-year period. The change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) was-23.2 mL/year. Conclusion Our systematic longitudinal intervention system during a 7-year period led to high rates of follow-up and smoking cessation. Furthermore, our system may be able to prevent the decline of FEV 1 in COPD patients. This intervention system may be effective in rural cities with few respiratory physicians. © 2018 The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","copd",2,31,2,"screening",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Matsuura City",126,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1631,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Matsuura"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1631,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"japan"},"japanMatsuura",35,4,1]
["Chowkwanyun, M.",2018,"The War on Poverty's health legacy: What it was and why it matters","The movement to promote a culture of health bears many similarities to another large-scale and ambitious effort from more than fifty years ago: President Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty. Long a target of critics of all ideological persuasions, the War on Poverty, through its heritage, offers an instructive precedent for champions of the culture of health movement. This essay examines two regional-level War on Poverty health endeavors, one each in New York City and Los Angeles. They show the influence the War on Poverty had on the ground in widening the health care safety net, implementing holistic models of care, and facilitating community involvement in the leadership of larger health care institutions. © 2018 Project HOPE-The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Poverty",1,3,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"New York and LA",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1632,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1632,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1632,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Tucker, J. D., Wei, C., Li, H., Liu, C., Tang, S., Tang, W., Glidden, D., Hudgens, M., Mollan, K., Chen, Z., Han, L., Cao, B., Fenton, K., Saffer, A., Hightow-Weidman, L., Mitchell, K., Ong, J., Terris-Prestholt, F., Smith, K., Vickerman, P., Bayus, B., Peeling, R., Durvasula, M., Fu, R., Huang, S., Mao, J., Pan, S., Qin, Y., Stein, G., Tucker, J. D., Wang, C., Yang, B., Yang, L., Zhang, T. P., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zheng, H., Hu, W., Kang, D., Liao, M., Ma, W. and Xue, L.",2017,"Crowdsourcing to promote HIV testing among MSM in China: Study protocol for a stepped wedge randomized controlled trial","Background: HIV testing for marginalized populations is critical to controlling the HIV epidemic. However, the HIV testing rate among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China remains low. Crowdsourcing, the process of shifting individual tasks to a group, has been increasingly adopted in public health programs and may be a useful tool for spurring innovation in HIV testing campaigns. We designed a multi-site study to develop a crowdsourced HIV test promotion campaign and evaluate its effectiveness against conventional campaigns among MSM in China. Methods: This study will use an adaptation of the stepped wedge, randomized controlled trial design. A total of eight major metropolitan cities in China will be randomized to sequentially initiate interventions at 3-month intervals. The intervention uses crowdsourcing at multiple steps to sustain crowd contribution. Approximately 1280 MSM, who are 16 years of age or over, live in the intervention city, have not been tested for HIV in the past 3 mmonths, and are not living with HIV, will be recruited. Recruitment will take place through banner advertisements on a large gay dating app along with other social media platforms. Participants will complete one follow-up survey every 3 months for 12 months to evaluate their HIV testing uptake in the past 3 months and secondary outcomes including syphilis testing, sex without condoms, community engagement, testing stigma, and other related outcomes. Discussion: MSM HIV testing rates remain poor in China. Innovative methods to promote HIV testing are urgently needed. With a large-scale, stepped wedge, randomized controlled trial our study can improve understanding of crowdsourcing's long-term effectiveness in public health campaigns, expand HIV testing coverage among a key population, and inform intervention design in related public health fields. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02796963. Registered on 23 May 2016. © 2017 The Author(s).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","HIV",1,2,1,null,2,null,8,0,0," stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1633,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1633,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1633,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Unruh, M. A., Jung, H. Y., Kaushal, R. and Vest, J. R.",2017,"Hospitalization event notifications and reductions in readmissions of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries in the Bronx, New York","Objective: Follow-up with a primary care provider after hospital discharge has been associated with a reduced likelihood of readmission. However, primary care providers are frequently unaware of their patients' hospitalizations. Event notification may be an effective tool for reducing readmissions by notifying primary care providers when their patients have been admitted to and discharged from a hospital. Materials and Methods: We examined the effect of an event notification system on 30-day readmissions in the Bronx, New York. The Bronx has among the highest readmission rates in the country and is a particularly challenging setting to improve care due to the low socioeconomic status of the county and high rates of poor health behaviors among its residents. The study cohort included 2559 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries associated with 14 141 hospital admissions over the period January 2010 through June 2014. Linear regression models with beneficiary-level fixed-effects were used to estimate the impact of event notifications on readmissions by comparing the likelihood of rehospitalization for a beneficiary before and after event notifications were active. Results: The unadjusted 30-day readmission rate when event notifications were not active was 29.5% compared to 26.5% when alerts were active. Regression estimates indicated that active hospitalization alert services were associated with a 2.9 percentage point reduction in the likelihood of readmission (95% confidence interval: -5.5, -0.4). Conclusions: Alerting providers through event notifications may be an effective tool for improving the quality and efficiency of care among high-risk populations. © 2016 The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Patient flow between primary and secondary care",2,40,2,null,4,null,3,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1634,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1634,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1634,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["Trencher, G. and Karvonen, A.",2017,"Stretching “smart”: advancing health and well-being through the smart city agenda","Contemporary smart cities have largely mirrored the sustainable development agenda by embracing an ecological modernisation approach to urban development. There is a strong focus on stimulating economic activity and environmental protection with little emphasis on social equity and the human experience. The health and well-being agenda has potential to shift the focus of smart cities to centre on social aims. Through the systematic and widespread application of technologies such as wearable health monitors, the creation of open data platforms for health parameters, and the development of virtual communication between patients and health professionals, the smart city can serve as a means to improve the lives of urban residents. In this article, we present a case study of smart health in Kashiwanoha Smart City in Japan. We explore how the pursuit of greater health and well-being has stretched smart city activities beyond technological innovation to directly impact resident lifestyles and become more socially relevant. Smart health strategies examined include a combination of experiments in monitoring and visualisation, education through information provision, and enticement for behavioural change. Findings suggest that smart cities have great potential to be designed and executed to tackle social problems and realise more sustainable, equitable and liveable cities. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Smart cities",1,35,2,null,4,null,8,0,0,"Kashiwanoha",292,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1635,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kashiwanoh"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1635,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Japan"},"JapanKashiwanoh",35,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1635,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Wang, Y., Wang, X. and Guan, F.",2017,"The beneficial evaluation of the healthy city construction in China","Background: Creating healthy cities promotes socio-economic development, thus, the creation of such cities has been receiving more attention from the Chinese government and the Chinese people. In the current study, the intention was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the creation of healthy cities in Henan province in central China. Methods: We randomly selected 18 cities (7 healthy cities and 11 non-healthy cities) in middle regions of China in 2013 and established evaluation indices to evaluate the beneficial effects by horizontal and vertical comparison analyses. Results: Creating the healthy cities promoted health service, economic development, spiritual and ecological success. This was achieved by constructing cities and changing work style among the officials and establishment of patriotic health organizations. Conclusion: This is the first comprehensive, in-depth, appraisal of the healthy cities in China. We suggest that creating the healthy cities should be promoted a larger extend world-wide since it is beneficial at many levels. © 2017, Iranian Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Creation of healthy cities",1,0,2,null,2,null,4,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1636,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1636,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1636,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["White, J., Greene, G., Farewell, D., Dunstan, F., Rodgers, S., Lyons, R. A., Humphreys, I., John, A., Webster, C., Phillips, C. J. and Fone, D.",2017,"Improving mental health through the regeneration of deprived neighborhoods: A natural experiment","Neighborhood-level interventions provide an opportunity to better understand the impact of neighborhoods on health. In 2001, the Welsh Government, United Kingdom, funded Communities First, a program of neighborhood regeneration delivered to the 100 most deprived of the 881 electoral wards in Wales. In this study, we examined the association between neighborhood regeneration and mental health. Information on regeneration activities in 35 intervention areas (n = 4,197 subjects) and 75 control areas (n = 6,695 subjects) was linked to data on mental health from a cohort study with assessments made in 2001 (before regeneration) and 2008 (after regeneration). Propensity score matching was used to estimate the change in mental health in intervention neighborhoods versus control neighborhoods. Baseline differences between intervention and control areas were of similar magnitude as produced by paired randomization of neighborhoods. Regeneration was associated with an improvement in the mental health of residents in intervention areas compared with control neighborhoods (β = 1.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.50, 2.59), suggesting a reduction in socioeconomic inequalities in mental health. There was a doseresponse relationship between length of residence in regeneration neighborhoods and improvements in mental health (P-trend = 0.05). These results show that targeted regeneration of deprived neighborhoods can improve mental health. © The Author(s) 2017.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","mental health",1,25,2,null,2,null,8,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1637,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1637,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",78,3,2]
["Waelput, A. J. M., Sijpkens, M. K., Lagendijk, J., van Minde, M. R. C., Raat, H., Ernst-Smelt, H. E., de Kroon, M. L. A., Rosman, A. N., Been, J. V., Bertens, L. C. M. and Steegers, E. A. P.",2017,"Geographical differences in perinatal health and child welfare in the Netherlands: Rationale for the healthy pregnancy 4 all-2 program","Background: Geographical inequalities in perinatal health and child welfare require attention. To improve the identification, and care, of mothers and young children at risk of adverse health outcomes, the HP4All-2 program was developed. The program consists of three studies, focusing on creating a continuum for risk selection and tailored care pathways from preconception and antenatal care towards 1) postpartum care, 2) early childhood care, as well as 3) interconception care. The program has been implemented in ten municipalities in the Netherlands, aiming to target communities with a relatively disadvantageous position with regard to perinatal and child health outcomes. To delineate the position of the ten participating municipalities, we present municipal and regional differences in the prevalence of perinatal mortality, perinatal morbidity, children living in deprived neighbourhoods, and children living in families on welfare. Methods: Data on all singleton births in the Netherlands between 2009 and 2014 were analysed for the prevalence of perinatal mortality and morbidity. In addition, national data on children living in deprived neighbourhoods and children living in families on welfare between 2009 and 2012 were analysed. The prevalence of these outcomes were calculated and ranked for 62 geographical areas, the 50 largest municipalities and the 12 provinces, to determine the position of the municipalities that participate in HP4All-2. Results: Considerable geographical differences were present for all four outcomes. The municipalities that participate in HP4All-2 are among the 25 municipalities with the highest prevalence of perinatal mortality, perinatal morbidity, children living in deprived neighbourhoods, or children in families on welfare. Conclusion: This study illustrates geographical differences in perinatal health and/or child welfare outcomes and demonstrates that the HP4All-2 program targets municipalities with a relative unfavourable position. By targeting these municipalities, the program is expected to contribute most to improving the care for young children and their mothers at risk, and hence to reducing their risks and health inequalities. © 2017 The Author(s).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Perinatal health and child welfare",1,37,2,null,1,null,8,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1638,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1638,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",30,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1638,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Lung, F. W., Liao, S. C., Wu, C. Y. and Lee, M. B.",2017,"The effectiveness of suicide prevention programmes: urban and gender disparity in age-specific suicide rates in a Taiwanese population","Objective The effectiveness of suicide prevention programmes is an important issue worldwide today. The impact of urbanization and gender is controversial in suicide rates. Hence, this study adjusted on potential risk factors and secular changes for suicide rates in gender and rural/urban areas. Study design Observational study. Methods A Suicide Prevention Center was established by the Executive Yuan in Taiwan in 2005 and tried to carry out suicidal intervention in the community in every city and town. There were two phases, including the first phase of the programme from 2005 to 2008, and the second phase of the programme from 2009 to 2013. The crude suicide rates data from the period of 1991–2013, which recruited nine urban and 14 rural areas in Taiwan, were extracted from the Taiwanese national mortality data file. The suicide rates in two areas of Taiwan (Taipei city and Yilan County) were further used to compare the differences between urban and rural areas. Results The results show that unemployment increased the suicide rate in men aged 45–64 years and in women older than 65 years of age in Taiwan. High divorce and unemployment rates resulted in increased suicide rates in men in the city, whereas emotional distress was the main cause of suicides in men in rural areas. The main method of suicide was jumping from a high building for both sexes in the city, whereas drowning was the most common method of suicide for men in rural areas. Conclusion Following the intervention programme, suicide behaviour began to decrease in all urban and rural areas of Taiwan. This study showed the cumulative effect of the intervention programme in decreasing the suicide rate in Taiwan. Moreover, the gender-specific suicidal rate and disparity in suicidal methods in urban and rural areas should be considered in further preventive strategies in Taiwan. © 2017 The Royal Society for Public Health","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Suicide prevention",1,44,2,null,1,null,1,0,0,"taipei",212,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1639,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Taipei"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1639,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Taiwan"},"TaiwanTaipei",55,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1639,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Kildea, S., Hickey, S., Nelson, C., Currie, J., Carson, A., Reynolds, M., Wilson, K., Kruske, S., Passey, M., Roe, Y., West, R., Clifford, A., Kosiak, M., Watego, S. and Tracy, S.",2017,"Birthing on Country (in Our Community): A case study of engaging stakeholders and developing a best-practice Indigenous maternity service in an urban setting","Developing high-quality and culturally responsive maternal and infant health services is a critical part of 'closing the gap' in health disparities between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and other Australians. The National Maternity Services Plan led work that describes and recommends Birthing on Country best-practice maternity care adaptable from urban to very remote settings, yet few examples exist in Australia. This paper demonstrates Birthing on Country principles can be applied in the urban setting, presenting our experience establishing and developing a Birthing on Country partnership service model in Brisbane, Australia. An initial World Café workshop effectively engaged stakeholders, consumers and community members in service planning, resulting in a multiagency partnership program between a large inner city hospital and two local Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Services (ACCHS). The Birthing in Our Community program includes: 24/7 midwifery care in pregnancy to six weeks postnatal by a named midwife, supported by Indigenous health workers and a team coordinator; partnership with the ACCHS; oversight from a steering committee, including Indigenous governance; clinical and cultural supervision; monthly cultural education days; and support for Indigenous student midwives through cadetships and placement within the partnership. Three years in, the partnership program is proving successful with clients, as well as showing early signs of improved maternal and infant health outcomes. What is known about the topic? Birthing on Country has been described as a metaphor for the best start in life for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander babies, and services that incorporate Birthing on Country principles can improve outcomes for mothers and babies. Currently, few such models exist in Australia. What does this paper add? This paper demonstrates that Birthing on Country principles can be successfully applied to the urban context. We present a real case example of the experience of setting up one such best-practice, community-engaged and informed partnership model of maternity and child healthcare in south-east Queensland. We share our experience using a World Café to facilitate community engagement, service delivery and workforce planning. What are the implications for practitioners? Health professionals providing maternity care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families are encouraged to incorporate Birthing on Country principles into their model of care to address the specific needs and demands of the local Indigenous community and improve maternal and infant health outcomes. © AHHA.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Health inequalities ",1,3,2,null,7,null,8,0,0,"Brisbane",270,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1640,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"brisbane"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1640,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"australia"},"australiabrisbane",9,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1640,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},0]
["Wicks-Lim, J. and Arno, P. S.",2017,"Improving population health by reducing poverty: New York's Earned Income Tax Credit","Despite the established relationship between adverse health outcomes and low socioeconomic status, researchers rarely test the link between health improvements and poverty-alleviating economic policies. New research, however, links individual-level health improvements to the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), a broad-based income support policy. We build on these findings by examining whether the EITC has ecological, neighborhood-level health effects. We use a difference-in-difference analysis to measure child health outcomes in 90 low- and middle- income neighborhoods before and after the expansion of New York State and New York City's EITC policy between 1997-2010. Our study takes advantage of the relatively exogenous source of income variation supplied by the EITC—legislative changes to EITC policy parameters. This feature minimizes the endogeneity problem in studying the relationship between income and health. Our estimates link a 15-percentage-point increase in EITC benefit rates to a 0.45 percentage-point reduction in the low birthweight rate. We do not observe any measurable link between EITC benefits and prenatal health or asthma-related pediatric hospitalization. The magnitude of the EITC's impact on low birthweight rates suggests ecological effects, and an additional channel through which anti-poverty measures can serve as public health interventions. © 2017 The Authors","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Health improvement & earned income tax",1,3,2,null,2,null,6,0,0,"New York",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1641,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1641,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1641,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},2]
["Wei, X., Liu, X., Cheng, L., Sun, L., Pan, Y. and Zong, W.",2017,"Evaluating medical convenience in ethnic minority areas of Southwest China via road network vulnerability: A case study for Dehong autonomous prefecture","Background: Southwest China is home to more than 30 ethnic minority groups. Since most of these populations reside in mountainous areas, convenient access to medical services is an important metric of how well their livelihoods are being protected. Methods: This paper proposes a medical convenience index (MCI) and computation model for mountain residents, taking into account various conditions including topography, geology, and climate. Data on road networks were used for comprehensive evaluation from three perspectives: vulnerability, complexity, and accessibility. The model is innovative for considering road network vulnerability in mountainous areas, and proposing a method of evaluating road network vulnerability by measuring the impacts of debris flows based on only links. The model was used to compute and rank the respective MCIs for settlements of each ethnic population in the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, in 2009 and 2015. Data on the settlements over the two periods were also used to analyze the spatial differentiation of medical convenience levels within the study area. Results: The medical convenience levels of many settlements improved significantly. 80 settlements were greatly improved, while another 103 showed slight improvement.Areas with obvious improvement were distributed in clusters, and mainly located in the southwestern part of Yingjiang County, northern Longchuan County, eastern Lianghe County, and the region where Lianghe and Longchuan counties and Mang City intersect. Conclusions: Development of the road network was found to be a major contributor to improvements in MCI for mountain residents over the six-year period. © 2017 The Author(s).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Medical convenience",2,40,2,null,4,null,7,0,0,"not st",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1642,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1642,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1642,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Fritz, P. J., Irwin, K. and Bouza, L.",2017,"Using a Community Workshop Model to Initiate Policy, Systems, and Environmental Change That Support Active Living in Indiana, 2014-2015","BACKGROUND: Engaging in regular physical activity reduces the likelihood of developing chronic diseases. A community's rates of physical activity are directly connected to its built environment characteristics, which correspondingly affect the chronic disease prevalence of its population. Community planning and design interventions can increase levels of physical activity and reduce chronic disease rates by identifying and removing environmental and policy barriers that may hinder active living. COMMUNITY CONTEXT: Community stakeholder groups of various sizes and in various settings in Indiana are beginning to make changes to their policies, systems, and environments to increase levels of physical activity for residents. METHODS: We conducted day-long active living workshops in cities and towns in Indiana to help organize and support public officials, community-based organizations, and advocates in their efforts to promote policy, system, and environmental (PSE) changes that lead to more active communities. OUTCOME: We found that following a consistent process of holding a community workshop and then conducting ongoing follow-up activities led to PSE changes within 1 year. Communities that hosted active living workshops created identifiable changes by supporting active living goals through policy adoption, the creation of new advisory committees, and new local funding allocations. INTERPRETATION: The collaborative approach in the workshop provides a successful model for communities to build capacity to implement PSE strategies that support active living. This method requires various community stakeholders to work closely together, using a shared approach to make changes that would be difficult to achieve if they were working independently.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","physcial activity",1,29,2,"education workshops",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"indiana cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1643,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1643,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1643,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Martin, S. and Horst, M.",2017,"Recipe for resiliency: There's more to community food systems than farmers markets","Seattle is one place that has made a healthy, local, sustainable, just food system a top priority. The city’s vision is guided by the five-year Food Action Plan, adopted in 2013. The Food Action Plan lays out specific strategies to get more healthy food to a greater number of Seattle residents, expand opportunities to grow food in the city, strengthen the regional food economy, and reduce food-related waste. The city’s Office of Sustainability and Environment oversees implementation but collaborates with multiple city departments to implement programming and policy changes. Thyra Karlstrom, a senior planner for Marquette County, Michigan, helped her rural county develop a local food supply plan that encouraged county planning commissioners to consider how planning and zoning decisions affect the county’s ability to supply food to its population. Similar efforts are under way in St. Louis. Brian Hurd is the technical assistance program manager for Rise CDC there, working to incorporate food access, affordability, education, and equity within a much broader community development context. By improving community food systems, many planners hope to further their communities’ sustainability goals, the so-called three-legged stool of sustainability. Planning for a strong food system could also improve community resilience. In the event of a natural disaster, localized food systems might mean emergency food is available even if failed transportation infrastructure cuts off food shipments.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Food sustainability",1,4,2,null,7,null,2,0,0,"Seattle",195,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1644,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Seattle"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1644,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSeattle",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1644,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Zhu, Y., Feng, X., Li, H., Huang, Y., Chen, J. and Xu, G.",2017,"A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of a geo-specific poster compared to a general poster for effecting change in perceived threat and intention to avoid drowning ‘hotspots’ among children of migrant workers: evidence from Ningbo, China","Background: Drowning among children of migrant workers is a major, though neglected public health issue in China. Methods: A randomised controlled trial was used to examine the potential impact of viewing a preventive health poster with/without geo-located drowning events on perceptions of drowning risk among Chinese migrant children. A total of 752 children from three schools in Jiangbei district were selected by multi-stage sampling and randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 380) or control (n = 372). Multilevel models were used to analyse changes in responses to the following questions after viewing the assigned poster for 10 min: (1) “Do you believe that drowning is a serious health problem in Ningbo city?”; (2) “Do you believe that there are lots of drowning-risk waters around you?”; (3) “Do you believe that the likelihood of your accessing a drowning-risk water is great?”; and (4) “Would you intend to avoid accessing to those drowning-risk waters when being exposed?” Results: At baseline there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in perceptions of drowning risk or covariates. Following the intervention, participants that viewed the geo-specific poster were more likely to respond more favourably to the first three questions (p < 0.001) than those who viewed the standard poster. However, there was no substantive difference between the geo-specific or standard poster in terms of changing intentions to avoid drowning hotspots (p = 0.214). Conclusions: Use of ‘geo-located’ information added value to the effectiveness of a drowning prevention poster for enhancing awareness of drowning hotspots among children of migrant workers. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IOR-16008979 (Retrospectively registered) (The date of trial registration: Aug 5, 2016, the date of enrolment of the first participant: Nov 10, 2015). © 2017 The Author(s).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Drowning ",1,44,2,null,1,null,7,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1645,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1645,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1645,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Lafranconi, A. and Birt, C. A.",2017,"Adu bist was du isst': Challenges in European nutrition policy","Food cultures have developed in communities as according to the produce of local farms in the vicinity. The industrial revolution resulted in large cities and towns becoming reliant on farm produce from the neighbouring countryside; this stimulated development of farming, which itself became industrialized. However, although local diets in Europe differed markedly, the 'healthiness' of all diets was unquestioned until recently. Early in the 20th century, academic departments studying nutrition were established, but it is only since the 1980s that much interest in the 'healthiness' of our food began to be of concern outwith academia. At about this time it was becoming clear that existing patterns of farming and food production were having negative effects on the environment. Since the 1990s, environmental, farming and nutritional sciences have each progressed, but in parallel, and there has been all too little effort to unite them. However, it is clear that, in general, production of foods associated with A unhealthy' nutrition is also the most damaging from an environmental viewpoint. This article summarizes the evidence on current European diets, analyses costs and benefits in transitioning to healthy and sustainable diets, identifies sustainable dietary guidelines as the way forward and discusses the role of public health in achieving dietary reform in the interests of improved nutrition and environmental protection. © The Author 2017. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Nutrition",1,28,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1646,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1646,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1646,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},0]
["Soranz, D. and Pisco, L. A. C.",2017,"Primary health care reform in the cities of Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro: Context, strategies, results, learning and challenges","On the 30th anniversary of Alma-Ata, the World Health Organization published in 2008 the “Primary Health Care Now More Than Ever” Report, calling on all governments to reflect on the need to reflect on four sets of reforms. These included: (i) universal coverage reforms; (ii) service delivery reforms; (iii) public policies reforms that would ensure healthier communities; and (iv) leadership reforms. In this context, in the period 2005-2016, the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Lisbon developed a profound primary healthcare reform, and did so by sharing many of the solutions based on the best internationally recognized organizational practices. Several factors were fundamental throughout Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro’s path of reforms, namely: (i) teamwork with professional motivation; (ii) internal and external communication; (iii) strengthening of training activities; (iv) investment in facilities and equipment; (v) commitment to the information system and computerization; (vi) pay-for-performance; (vii) health care contractualisation between funders and providers; (viii) technical leadership; (ix) political leadership; and finally (x) quality and accreditation of facilities by public agency. © 2017, Associacao Brasileira de Pos - Graduacao em Saude Coletiva. All rights reserved.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Primary health care reform",2,38,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1647,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1647,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",14,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1647,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},0]
["Gourevitch, Marc N., Athens, Jessica K., Levine, Shoshanna E., Kleiman, Neil and Thorpe, Lorna E.",2019,"City-Level Measures of Health, Health Determinants, and Equity to Foster Population Health Improvement: The City Health Dashboard","Objectives. To support efforts to improve urban population health, we created a City Health Dashboard with area-specific data on health status, determinants of health, and equity at city and subcity (census tract) levels. Methods. We developed a Web-based resource that includes 37 metrics across 5 domains: social and economic factors, physical environment, health behaviors, health outcomes, and clinical care. For the largest 500 US cities, the Dashboard presents metrics calculated to the city level and, where possible, subcity level from multiple data sources, including national health surveys, vital statistics, federal administrative data, and state education data sets. Results. Iterative input from city partners shaped Dashboard development, ensuring that measures can be compared across user-selected cities and linked to evidence-based policies to spur action. Reports from early deployment indicate that the Dashboard fills an important need for city- and subcity-level data, fostering more granular understanding of health and its drivers and supporting associated priority-setting. Conclusions. By providing accessible city-level data on health and its determinants, the City Health Dashboard complements local surveillance efforts and supports urban population health improvement on a national scale.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"dashboard",4,"research",7,0,0,"multiple",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1648,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1648,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Wright, Melecia, McKelvey, Wendy, Curtis, Christine Johnson, Thorpe, Lorna E., Vesper, Hubert W., Kuiper, Heather C. and Angell, Sonia Y.",2019,"Impact of a Municipal Policy Restricting Trans Fatty Acid Use in New York City Restaurants on Serum Trans Fatty Acid Levels in Adults","Objectives. To estimate the impact of the 2006 policy restricting use of trans fatty acids (TFAs) in New York City restaurants on change in serum TFA concentrations in New York City adults. Methods. Two cross-sectional population-based New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted in 2004 (n = 212) and 2013–2014 (n = 247) provided estimates of serum TFA exposure and average frequency of weekly restaurant meals. We estimated the geometric mean of the sum of serum TFAs by year and restaurant meal frequency by using linear regression. Results. Among those who ate less than 1 restaurant meal per week, geometric mean of the sum of serum TFAs declined 51.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 42.7, 58.3)—from 44.6 (95% CI = 39.7, 50.1) to 21.8 (95% CI = 19.3, 24.5) micromoles per liter. The decline in the geometric mean was greater (P for interaction =.04) among those who ate 4 or more restaurant meals per week: 61.6% (95% CI = 55.8, 66.7) or from 54.6 (95% CI = 49.3, 60.5) to 21.0 (95% CI = 18.9, 23.3) micromoles per liter. Conclusions. New York City adult serum TFA concentrations declined between 2004 and 2014. The indication of greater decline in serum TFAs among those eating restaurant meals more frequently suggests that the municipal restriction on TFA use was effective in reducing TFA exposure. Public Health Implications. Local policies focused on restaurants can promote nutritional improvements.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","trans fat",1,28,2,null,2,"policy",1,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1649,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1649,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Lee, Matthew M., Falbe, Jennifer, Schillinger, Dean, Basu, Sanjay, McCulloch, Charles E. and Madsen, Kristine A.",2019,"Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption 3 Years After the Berkeley, California, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax","Objectives. To estimate changes in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and water consumption 3 years after an SSB tax in Berkeley, California, relative to unexposed comparison neighborhoods. Methods. Data came from repeated annual cross-sectional beverage frequency questionnaires from 2014 to 2017 in demographically diverse Berkeley (n = 1513) and comparison (San Francisco and Oakland; n = 3712) neighborhoods. Pretax consumption (2014) was compared with a weighted average of 3 years of posttax consumption. Results. At baseline, SSBs were consumed 1.25 times per day (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 1.50) in Berkeley and 1.27 times per day (95% CI = 1.13, 1.42) in comparison city neighborhoods. When we adjusted for covariates, consumption in Berkeley declined by 0.55 times per day (95% CI = −0.75, −0.35) for SSBs and increased by 1.02 times per day (95% CI = 0.54, 1.50) for water. Changes in consumption in Berkeley were significantly different from those in the comparison group, which saw no significant changes. Conclusions. Reductions in SSB consumption were sustained in demographically diverse Berkeley neighborhoods over the first 3 years of an SSB tax, relative to comparison cities. These persistent, longer-term reductions in SSB consumption suggest that SSB taxes are an effective policy option for jurisdictions focused on improving public health.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"sugar tax",2,"tax",6,0,0,"berkley",243,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1650,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"berkley"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1650,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAberkley",1,1,1]
["Ali, Mohsin and Williams, Marsha D.",2019,"No-Notice Mystery Patient Drills to Assess Emergency Preparedness for Infectious Diseases at Community Health Centers in New York City, 2015-2016","Mystery patient drills using simulated patients have been used in hospitals to assess emergency preparedness for infectious diseases, but these drills have seldom been reported in primary care settings. We conducted three rounds of mystery patient drills designed to simulate either influenza-like illness (ILI) or measles at 41 community health centers in New York City from April 2015 through December 2016. Among 50 drills conducted, 49 successfully screened the patient-actor (defined as provision of a mask or referral to the medical team given concern of infection requiring potential isolation), with 35 (70%) drills completing screening without any challenges. In 47 drills, the patient was subsequently isolated (defined as placement in a closed room to limit transmission), with 29 (58%) drills completing isolation without any challenges. Patient-actors simulating ILI were more likely to be masked than those simulating measles (93% vs. 59%, p = 0.007). Median time to screening was 2 min (interquartile range [IQR] 2-6 min) and subsequently to isolation was 1 min (IQR 0-2 min). Approximately 95% of participants reported the drill was realistic and prepared them to deal with the hazards addressed. Qualitative analysis revealed recurring themes for strengths (e.g., established protocols, effective communication) and areas for improvement (e.g., hand hygiene, explaining isolation rationale). We conclude that mystery patient drills are an effective and feasible longitudinal collaboration between health departments and primary care clinics to assess and inform emergency preparedness for infectious diseases.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","infectious disweases",2,38,1,"pretend infections",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1651,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1651,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["not stated",2019,"Minnesota police see sharp drop in MH crisis following new training","Mental health crisis calls reported by Minnetonka police fell by almost a quarter in 2018, after officers took part in a crisis intervention program developed by two Twin Cities criminal justice professors, the Star Tribune reported Feb. 22. The decline in crisis calls contrasts dramatically with statistics from comparable metro-area cities, said Jillian Peterson, a professor at Hamline University in St. Paul who co-developed the training program. Elsewhere, last year's crisis calls — which typically involve depression, suicide threats, psychosis or erratic behavior under the influence of drugs or alcohol — either increased from the previous year or declined only slightly. In Minnetonka, a suburban city in Minnesota, everyone on the police department staff — civilians as well as the 57 sworn officers — was required to take the training in February 2018. Last year's calls totaled 302, which was 23 percent fewer than the previous year. Minnetonka police are planning further improvements in their strategies for handling crisis calls, Minnetonka Police Chief Scott Boerboom said. For example, officials are working on a plan with the Plymouth Police Department to partner with a social worker who would provide follow-up counseling.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","MH Crisis",1,25,2,"MH training for entire police workforce",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Minnetonka (minnesota)",250,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1652,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Minnetonka"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1652,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAMinnetonka",1,1,1]
["Tachibana, Yoshiyuki, Koizumi, Noriaki, Akanuma, Chikako, Hoshina, Tomomi, Suzuki, Ayuko, Asano, Akiko, Sekino, Shiho, Tarui, Hiromi, Ishii, Eizaburo and Ito, Hiroto",2019,"Integrated mental health care in a multidisciplinary maternal and child health service in the community: the findings from the Suzaka trial","Background: Perinatal mental health problems such as mood disorders are common. We propose a new multidisciplinary health service intervention program providing continuous support to women and their children from the start of pregnancy till after childbirth. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the program with respect to making women's mental health better in the postpartum period and improving the state of care for women and their children in the perinatal period.Methods: We performed a controlled study to investigate the effectiveness of the program in Suzaka City, Japan. The women's mental health status was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) 3 months postpartum. Of 349 women, 210 were allocated to the intervention group and 139 to the control group. From April 2014 to March 2015, the number of the pregnant women who were followed-up by the multidisciplinary meeting in the intervention and control groups were 60 and 4, respectively. In the same period, the number of the pregnant women who were identified as requiring intensive care were 21 and 2, respectively.Results: The total EPDS score, which was the primary outcome of the present study, differed significantly between the intervention and control groups (Mean [SD] = 2.74 (2.89) and 4.58 [2.62], respectively; p < 0.001). The number of the women receiving counseling from a public health nurse (5.3% in intervention group, 0.7% in control group, p = 0.02), attending maternal seminars (attendant ratio: 46% whereas 16%, p = 0.01), and receiving home visits by public health nurses (home visit ratio: 93.8% whereas 82.6%, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group.Conclusions: The present study indicates that continuum support provided by integrated mental health care through a multidisciplinary maternal and child health service in the community can make women's mental health better in the postpartum period and help women and their children receive more health services from public health nurses.Trial Registration: Name of registry: Research for the effectiveness of a multi-professional health service intervention program of continuum supports for mother and child which starts for pregnancy periods to enhance maternal mental health. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry number: UMIN000032424 . Registration date: April 29th, 2018. Registration timing: retrospective.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","MH",2,25,2,"integrted service",3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Suzaka City, Japan",242,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1653,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Suzaka"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1653,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"japan"},"japanSuzaka",35,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1653,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Choi, Soon-Ock, Kim, Sook-Nam, Shin, Seong-Hoon, Ryu, Ji-Seon, Baik, Jeong-Won, Kim, Jung-Rim and Kim, Nae-Hyeon",2018,"Evaluation of Outcomes of the Busan Community-based Palliative Care Project in Korea","Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of a community-based palliative care project conducted in Busan city, Korea, from 2013 to 2015. Methods We selected four outcome indices based on the project's outcomes derived from a logic model and used a longitudinal and cross-sectional comparative design approach depending on the outcome index. Results The utilization rate of palliative care increased from 9.2% in 2012 to 41.9% in 2015. Regarding symptom changes in 65 patients receiving palliative care at 3 and 6 months (mean age = 72 years, standard deviation = 9.64, 55.4% women), pain, anxiety, and depression had improved. Quality of life was higher among palliative care patients compared with patients who did not receive palliative care (t = 2.09, p =.039). Regarding recognition of palliative care, civil servants at public health centers who participated in the pilot project (2013–2014) scored higher than those at public health centers who began participation in 2015 (t = 2.67, p =.008). Conclusion This is the first study in Korea that systematically evaluated community-based palliative care. The Busan Community-based Palliative Care Project improved the quality of life of palliative care patients by providing services at an appropriate level and by raising the recognition of palliative care in the community. To increase the utilization ratio of palliative care and the quality of service, strategies should be developed to supplement medical support systems.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Palliative Care ",1,45,2,null,0,null,7,0,0,"Busan city",272,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1654,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Busan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1654,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Korea, South"},"Korea, SouthBusan",63,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1654,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Xin, Wang, Xizhuo, Sun, Birch, Stephen, Fangfang, Gong, Valentijn, Pim, Lijin, Chen, Yong, Zhang, Yixiang, Huang and Hongwei, Yang",2018,"People-centred integrated care in urban China","In most countries, the demand for integrated care for people with chronic diseases is increasing as the population ages. This demand requires a fundamental shift of health-care systems towards more integrated service delivery models. To achieve this shift in China, the World Health Organization, the World Bank and the Chinese government proposed a tiered health-care delivery system in accordance with a people-centred integrated care model. The approach was pioneered in Luohu district of Shenzhen city from 2015 to 2017 as a template for practice. In September 2017, China's health ministry introduced this approach to people-centred integrated care to the entire country. We describe the features of the Luohu model in relation to the core action areas and implementation strategies proposed and we summarize data from an evaluation of the first two years of the programme. We discuss the challenges faced during implementation and the lessons learnt from it for other health-care systems. We consider how to improve collaboration between institutions, how to change the population's behaviour about using community health services as the first point of contact and how to manage resources effectively to avoid budget deficits. Finally, we outline next steps of the Luohu model and its potential application to strengthen health care in other urban health-care systems.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","integration",2,46,2,null,3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Shenzhen city",202,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1655,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shenzhen"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1655,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaShenzhen",5,4,1]
["Lam, Chee Kin, Pilote, Kara McGinnis, Haque, Ashraful, Burzynski, Joseph, Chuck, Christine, Macaraig, Michelle and McGinnis Pilote, Kara",2018,"Using Video Technology to Increase Treatment Completion for Patients With Latent Tuberculosis Infection on 3-Month Isoniazid and Rifapentine: An Implementation Study","Background: Since January 2013, the New York City (NYC) Health Department Tuberculosis (TB) Program has offered persons diagnosed with latent TB infection (LTBI) the 3-month, once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) treatment regimen. Patients on this treatment are monitored in-person under directly observed therapy (DOT). To address patient and provider barriers to in-person DOT, we piloted the use of a videoconferencing software app to remotely conduct synchronous DOT (video directly observed therapy; VDOT) for patients on 3HP.Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate the implementation of VDOT for patients on 3HP and to assess whether treatment completion for these patients increased when they were monitored using VDOT compared with that using the standard in-person DOT.Methods: Between February and October 2015, patients diagnosed with LTBI at any of the four NYC Health Department TB clinics who met eligibility criteria for treatment with 3HP under VDOT (V3HP) were followed until 16 weeks after treatment initiation, with treatment completion defined as ingestion of 11 doses within 16 weeks. Treatment completion of patients on V3HP was compared with that of patients on 3HP under clinic-based, in-person DOT who were part of a prior study in 2013. Furthermore, outcomes of video sessions with V3HP patients were collected and analyzed.Results: During the study period, 70% (50/71) of eligible patients were placed on V3HP. Treatment completion among V3HP patients was 88% (44/50) compared with 64.9% (196/302) among 3HP patients on clinic DOT (P<.001). A total of 360 video sessions were conducted for V3HP patients with a median of 8 (range: 1-11) sessions per patient and a median time of 4 (range: 1-59) minutes per session. Adherence issues (eg, >15 minutes late) during video sessions occurred 104 times. No major side effects were reported by V3HP patients.Conclusions: The NYC TB program observed higher treatment completion with VDOT than that previously seen with clinic DOT among patients on 3HP. Expanding the use of VDOT may improve treatment completion and corresponding outcomes for patients with LTBI.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","TB",2,34,1,null,3,null,5,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1656,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1656,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["Klein, Alice",2018,"The road reimagined","The article discusses the impact that government's car bans in cities has on improving public health, including in regard to the impact automobile air pollution has in increasing the risk of diseases. An overview of cities which ban all but electric vehicles is provided.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","air pollution",1,16,2,"ban cars",2,null,1,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1657,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1657,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Xin, Wang, Xizhuo, Sun, Fangfang, Gong, Yixiang, Huang, Lijin, Chen, Yong, Zhang and Birch, Stephen",2018,"The Luohu Model: A Template for Integrated Urban Healthcare Systems in China","Introduction: Emerging from the epidemiological transition and accelerated aging process, China's fragmentated healthcare systems struggle to meet the demands of the population. On Sept 1st 2017, China's National Health and Family Planning Commission encouraged all cities to learn from the Luohu model of integration adopted in Luohu as an approach to meeting these challenges. In this paper, we study the integration process, analyze the core mechanisms, and conduct preliminary evaluations of integrated policy development in the Luohu model. Policy development: The Luohu hospital group was established in Aug 2015, consists of five district hospitals, 23 community health stations and an institute of precision medicine. The group adopted a series of professional, organizational, system, functional and normative strategies for integrated care, which was provided for the residents of Luohu, especially for the elderly population and patients with chronic conditions. According to a preliminary evaluation of the past two years, the Luohu model showed improvement in the structure and process towards integrated care. New preventive programs conducted in the hospital group resulted in changes of disease incidence. Residents were more satisfied with the Luohu model. However, spending exceeded the global budget for health insurance because of short-term increases in the demand for health care. Lessons learned: First, engagement of multiple stakeholders is essential for the design and implementation of reform. Second, organizational integration is a prerequisite for integrated care in China. Third, effective care integration requires alignment with payment reforms. Fourth, normative integration could promote collaboration in an integrated healthcare system. Conclusion: Core strategies and mechanisms of the Luohu model will promote integrated care in urban China and other countries facing the same challenges. However, it is necessary to study the effects of the Luohu model over the long term and continue to strive for integrated care.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","integration",2,46,2,null,3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Shenzhen city",202,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1658,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Shenzhen"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1658,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaShenzhen",5,4,1]
["not stated",2018,"Judge Steven Leifman awarded the 2018 Pardes Humanitarian Prize in Mental Health","The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation announced Sept. 5 that Judge Steven Leifman has been awarded the 2018 Pardes Humanitarian Prize in Mental Health for leadership in reducing the number of people with mental illnesses in jails and prisons. The award recognizes an individual or organization whose extraordinary contribution has made a profound and lasting impact by improving the lives of people suffering from mental illness and by advancing the understanding of mental health. Judge Leifman is a national leader in solving the complex and costly problem of people with untreated mental illnesses involved in the criminal justice system. In 2000, he launched a pioneering initiative in Miami-Dade County called the Eleventh Judicial Circuit Criminal Mental Health Project, which steers people with mental illnesses, who do not pose significant threats to public safety, away from the criminal justice system and into community-based treatment. The award will be presented at a ceremony in New York City on Oct. 26.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Mental Health ",1,25,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"Miami",301,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1659,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Miami"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1659,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAMiami",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1659,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Figueroa, Chantal, Shorter, Priscilla, Castillo, Enrico G., Norquist, Grayson, Bromley, Elizabeth, Wells, Kenneth B., Griffith, Krystal, Kadkhoda, Farbod and Jones, Felica",2018,"A Window of Opportunity: Visions and Strategies for Behavioral Health Policy Innovation","Objective: The New York City's Thrive (ThriveNYC) and the Los Angeles County Health Neighborhood Initiative (HNI) are two local policies focused on addressing the social determinants of behavioral health as a preventive strategy for improving health service delivery. On January 29, 2016, leaders from both initiatives came together with a range of federal agencies in health care, public health, and policy research at the RAND Corporation in Arlington, Virginia. The goal of this advisory meeting was to share lessons learned, consider research and evaluation strategies, and create a dialogue between stakeholders and federal funders - all with the purpose to build momentum for policy innovation in behavioral health equity.Methods: This article analyzes ethnographic notes taken during the meeting and in-depth interviews of 14 meeting participants through Kingdon's multiple streams theory of policy change.Results: Results demonstrated that stakeholders shared a vision for behavioral health policy innovation focused on community engagement and social determinants of health. In addition, Kingdon's model highlighted that the problem, policy and politics streams needed to form a window of opportunity for policy change were coupled, enabling the possibility for behavioral health policy innovation.Conclusions: The advisory meeting suggested that local policy makers, academics, and community members, together with federal agents, are working to implement behavioral health policy innovation.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Bahviour change",1,0,2,null,0,null,2,0,0,"New York and LA",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1660,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1660,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1660,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Dodson, Zan M., Enki Yoo, Eun-Hye, Martin-Gill, Christian and Roth, Ronald",2018,"Spatial Methods to Enhance Public Health Surveillance and Resource Deployment in the Opioid Epidemic","Objectives. To improve public health surveillance and response by using spatial optimization. Methods. We identified cases of suspected nonfatal opioid overdose events in which naloxone was administered from April 2013 through December 2016 treated by the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Bureau of Emergency Medical Services. We used spatial modeling to identify areas hardest hit to spatially optimize naloxone distribution among pharmacies in Pittsburgh. Results. We identified 3182 opioid overdose events with our classification approach, which generated spatial patterns of opioid overdoses within Pittsburgh. We then used overdose location to spatially optimize accessibility to naloxone via pharmacies in the city. Only 24 pharmacies offered naloxone at the time, and only 3 matched with our optimized solution. Conclusions. Our methodology rapidly identified communities hardest hit by the opioid epidemic with standard public health data. Naloxone accessibility can be optimized with established location-allocation approaches. Public Health Implications. Our methodology can be easily implemented by public health departments for automated surveillance of the opioid epidemic and has the flexibility to optimize a variety of intervention strategies.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Public Health Surveillance",1,0,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"Pittsburgh",310,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1661,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Pittsburgh"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1661,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAPittsburgh",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1661,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["not stated",2018,"Improving the health impacts of airports","The article reports on a project in Australia, led by Professor Evelyne de Leeuw, to highlight the potential effects of air pollution and noise from aircraft operations. Topics mentioned include the Healthy Cities movement launched by the World Health Organization in the 1980s, the plan of Norway to have a carbon neutral aviation sector by 2030, and the 2015 Paris Accord on climate change.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Air and noise pollution ",1,16,2,null,0,null,7,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1662,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1662,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",9,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1662,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},0]
["not stated",2018,"Integrated Case Management Model Shows Which Resources Are Needed: Process includes mental health","The article looks at the benefits of integrate case management model, which incorporates mental and physical health issues. Focus is given to integration of Intermountain Healthcare in Salt Lake City, which resulted to improved clinical outcomes of patients, lower costs, and lower rates of healthcare utilization. Different roles that assist with integrated care management, including nurse care manager, care guide, and health advocate, are discussed.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Integrated case management ",2,46,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"Salt Lake City ",186,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1663,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Salt Lake City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1663,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaSalt Lake City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1663,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Xuejun, Li, Zhibin, Li, Changqin, Liu, Junfeng, Zhang, Zhonghai, Sun, Yuji, Feng, Jing, Mei, Chengming, Gu, Xiaoying, Li, Shuyu, Yang, Li, Xuejun, Li, Zhibin, Liu, Changqin, Zhang, Junfeng, Sun, Zhonghai, Feng, Yuji, Mei, Jing, Gu, Chengming, Li, Xiaoying and Yang, Shuyu",2017,"Evaluation of the three-in-one team-based care model on hierarchical diagnosis and treatment patterns among patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study using Xiamen's regional electronic health records","Background: Xiamen is a pilot city in China for hierarchical diagnosis and treatment reform of non-communicable diseases, especially diabetes. Since 2012, Xiamen has implemented a program called the \"three-in-one\", a team-based care model for the treatment of diabetes, which involves collaboration between diabetes specialists, general practitioners, and health managers. In addition, the program provides financial incentives to improve care, as greater accessibility to medications through community health care centers (CHCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of these policies in shifting visits from general hospitals to CHCs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Method and Materials: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted using Xiamen's regional electronic health record (EHR) database, which included 90% of all patients registered since 2012. Logistic regression was used to derive the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for patients shifting from general hospitals to CHCs. Among patients treated at hospitals, Kaplan-Meier(KM) curves were constructed to evaluate the time from each policy introduction until the switch to CHCs. A k-means clustering analysis was conducted to identify patterns of patient care-seeking behavior.Results: In total, 89,558 patients and 2,373,524 visits were included. In contrast to increased outpatient visits to general hospitals in China overall, the percentage of visits to CHCs in Xiamen increased from 29.7% in 2012 to 66.5% in 2016. The most significant and rapid shift occurred in later periods after full policy implementation. Three clusters of patients were identified with different levels of complications and health care-seeking frequency. All had similar responses to the policies.Conclusions: The \"three-in-one\" team-based care model showed promising results for building a hierarchical health care system in China. These policy reforms effectively increased CHCs utilization among diabetic patients.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Diabetes",2,9,2,null,3,null,2,0,0,"Xiamen",328,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1664,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"xiamen"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1664,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaxiamen",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1664,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["Yi, Qian, Zhiyuan, Hou, Wei, Wang, Donglan, Zhang and Fei, Yan",2017,"Integrated care reform in urban China: a qualitative study on design, supporting environment and implementation","Background: Initiatives on integrated care between hospitals and community health centers (CHCs) have been introduced to transform the current fragmented health care delivery system into an integrated system in China. Up to date no research has analyzed in-depth the experiences of these initiatives based on perspectives from various stakeholders. This study analyzed the integrated care pilot in Hangzhou City by investigating stakeholders' perspectives on its design features and supporting environment, their acceptability of this pilot, and further identifying the enabling and constraining factors that may influence the implementation of the integrated care reform. Methods: The qualitative study was carried out based on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 50 key informants who were involved in the policy-making process and implementation. Relevant policy documents were also collected for analysis. Results: The pilot in Hangzhou was established as a CHC-led delivery system based on cooperation agreement between CHCs and hospitals to deliver primary and specialty care together for patients with chronic diseases. An innovative learning-from-practice mentorship system between specialists and general practitioners was also introduced to solve the poor capacity of general practitioners. The design of the pilot, its governance and organizational structure and human resources were enabling factors, which facilitated the integrated care reform. However, the main constraining factors were a lack of an integrated payment mechanism from health insurance and a lack of tailored information system to ensure its sustainability. Conclusions: The integrated care pilot in Hangzhou enabled CHCs to play as gate-keeper and care coordinator for the full continuum of services across the health care providers. The government put integrated care a priority, and constructed an efficient design, governance and organizational structure to enable its implementation. Health insurance should play a proactive role, and adopt a shared financial incentive system to support integrated care across providers in the future.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Integrated care",2,46,2,null,3,null,3,0,0,"Hangzhou City",87,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1665,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Hangzhou"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1665,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaHangzhou",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1665,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Schlaeffer, Pnina, Shemer, Joshua and Kaye, Rachelle",2017,"Bridging Health and Social Care - An Innovative Framework","Introduction: There is broad consensus that patient -centered care demands that health and social care be viewed as a single, interdependent system, taking into account all of the individual's needs. In most countries, barriers must be overcome to achieve this. In Israel, Assuta Medical Centers, a private hospital network now building a new public hospital in the city of Ashdod, initiated the development of an integrated care system for Ashdod with Maccabi Healthcare Services, the second largest non-profit HMO with an integrated community healthcare system, the Municipality of Ashdod Social Services department, and the National Insurance Institute's Southern Region (NII), responsible for domiciliary care as well welfare subsidies system. The challenges faced included different organizational cultures, a lack of work processes to support integration and separate IT systems that do not 'speak' to each other. Methodology: A multidisciplinary task force, representing all four organizations, has been working together for over a year to develop a comprehensive, integrated-care model wherein municipality social services, the NII, the hospital and community healthcare services will work together to meet the needs of Ashdod citizens. Sub-task forces have been set up to address four target populations: Complex elderly patients Oncology patients Children with juvenile diabetes Maternity and newborns, including premature births The task forces are multidisciplinary, with representatives from all four organizations, and are in advanced stages of delineating work processes and interventions. Results: The task force has successfully established an ongoing collaborative dialogue and has agreed to create the necessary interfaces among the IT systems of all four organizations. They have established what information will be shared, conditional upon signed consent of the patient. Interfaces have been defined and are in the process of development. The Assuta Ashdod hospital will begin operation mid-2017 and the interfaces with the social services department and NII will be completed by February 2017. The interfaces with Maccabi exist and are being upgraded. A major structural change will be the creation of a case manager function in the hospital for each target group to assure full integration. Maccabi already has a multidisciplinary unit to assure integration of community services for newly discharged complex patients. To improve integration, a care manager in the community will be assigned to coordinate ongoing care for the complex elderly. For oncology patients, a joint Assuta-Maccabi care manager will be assigned to assure full integration between hospital, community healthcare and social services. For children with diabetes, the municipality's department of education has become a full partner. Discussion: The process of collaboration has already made major changes in the organizational cultures of the participating organizations. The commitment to full implementation of integrated care processes is very high at all levels of the organizations. While this has been a bottom-up innovation, the relevant Ministries are closely following developments and other parts of the country are eager to follow suit. Multi-national research is already underway to assess the impact of these processes on the quality and cost of care for the target populations, as well as transferability to other countries.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","integrated care",2,46,2,null,3,null,2,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1666,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1666,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",72,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1666,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["van de Schoot, Rian and Spierenburg, Monique",2017,"Communities empowered by professionals","Generalistic working professionals in social community teams are finding ways to work together with expert professionals in healthcare and welfare in their communalities. We collected their lessons learned and dillemas. Professionals in social community teams are also finding ways to work with citizens to empower districts and communalities. The method 'Even Buurten' was used in Rotterdam-city to make professionals of social community teams build strong district communities together with the citizens. They learned it using the learning method of Jennings (70:20:10). An introduction: (comprising context and problem statement) In 2015 there has been a big change in the healthcare and welfare legislation and -system in Holland. The responsibility for health care was decentralized from state government to local government. Most communalities choose for a new organizational model: the 'social community teams'.These teams of professionals in health and social care decide which support is needed and often also provide support themselves to citizens (and their families) with (multiple) problems. Health, social needs, income, participation in society and housing are frequently encountered domains in which problems exist. In principle, these teams are targeting the entire population at risk: not only older people, but also multi-problem families, people suffering from long-term poverty, addiction of drugs and alcohol, learning and behavioral disabilities. The focus of the professionals in the social community teams is generalistic, specialized expertise is required as well as connections to primary care medical and paramedical professionals, such as general practitioners, physiotherapists, pharmacists, psychologists. We see different models of organizing cooperation of the teams with specialists. And new dilemmas in collaboration. The social community teams also aim to build a network in the district or community to be able to find solutions for citizens with singular problems by connecting to other citizens or citzens associations. The method of 'Even Buurten' in Rotterdam is one of the best practices. Short description of practice change implemented: We introduced the method 'Even Buurten' in twelve integrated teams in the municipality Rotterdam. Twelve professionals (so called 'de spillen') work as a coach and 'living example' to provide each professional of the integrated team the skills to work with the method at case level and district level. Aim and theory of change: The aim of the research was to learn by experiencing the way to empower districts and communities. We used the learning method of Jennings (70%-20%-10% learning) for the social community teams. Targeted population and stakeholders: Population: all citizens of the municipality/district with a singular problem. Stakeholders: municipalities, healthcare and citizens. Timeline: March 2015-december 2016 Highlights: (innovation, Impact and outcomes) New professional competences: working together with citizens, cooperation with different kind of professionals with different background, working together with citizens on care and welfare. Movement of transformation: downscaling care to welfare and community power. Comments on sustainability: Method 'Even Buurten' is described for dissemination and development of implementation-tools in the Netherlands. Comments on transferability: Toolbox is available for policymakers and professionals. There are also factsheets, short films and examples. Conclusions: (comprising key findings) Professionals only learn in practice how to work with the power of citizens in communities. A rearrangement is needed of healthcare and welfare with professionals and citizens who are able to find new solutions to (sometimes long existing) problems.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Integrated working",2,46,2,null,3,null,1,0,0,"Rotterdam",173,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1667,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Rotterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1667,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsRotterdam",30,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1667,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Yadong, Niu, Yan, Zhang and Liang, Zhang",2017,"Dose Township-County Service Utilization (TCSU) influence patient' choice afterward?","Background: High patient flow has caused great waste to the health care system in China, Chinese government is seeking to optimize the supply of medical care in rural areas through first point of care in the Community and service collaboration between township hospital and county hospital. TCSU is a health-seeking behavior in which patients asks for medical help firstly in the township hospital and secondly in the county hospital for the same disease within 30 days, it's supposed to be an important model of service collaboration between township hospitals and county hospitals. Objective: To explore whether TCSU could influence patient's choice of medical institution afterword. Method: This study was carried out in Macheng city, Hubei province, China. TCSU patients were selected by Microsoft Office Excel 2010 based on the New Rural Cooperative Medical System data. TCSU patients' yearly choice of medical institution were divided into two parts, before the TCSU and after the TCSU, by the time of their first TCSU in a year, and the influence of TCSU on patients' institution choice was analyzed through comparison of TCSU patients' flow change and the whole patient population's flow change in a year. Result: The number of TCSU patients in Macheng City from 2012 to 2014 are 1410, 3462, 5147, respectively. The ratio of county to township (RCTT), which equals to the amount of visits and admissions happened in county hospital firstly divided by the amount of visits and admissions happened in township hospital and then multiplied by 100, from 2012 to 2014 are 26.6, 44.3, 36.8, respectively. RCTT of before the TCSU and after the TCSU are 23.2 vs 64.6 in 2012 (&#967²=383.5, P<0.001), 28.6 vs 58.2 in 2013 (&#967²=737, P<0.001), 28.7 vs 48.2 in 2014 (&#967²=570, P<0.001). Discussion: TCSU might has brought extra time cost and economic cost to patients, thus lowering patients' trust to township hospitals because patients all want to get recovery as quick and cheap as possible. Conclusion: patient flow becomes higher after TCSU, which is an unexpected result from its design. More attention should be payed to the quality of service collaboration between township hospital ands county hospitals to make the primary care be the first point of care.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Health behaviour & patient choice",2,0,2,null,3,null,2,0,0,"Macheng city",299,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1668,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Macheng"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1668,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"China"},"ChinaMacheng",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1668,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},3]
["Masaaki, Otaga, Mie, Morikawa, Tatsuya, Oguchi, Yoh, Tamaki, Takuya, Matsushige and Toshiro, Kumakawa",2017,"Evaluating integrated social care by utilizing regional resources in Japan","Background: The Japanese government has recently promoted a communitybased integrated care system, and the new reform of the system implemented in 2012 will reinforce this integration of care. In Japan, social security expenditures are increasing along with the increasing elderly population ratio; therefore, it is important to promote the utilization of existing regional resources to reduce longterm care provision costs. In each regional community, a variety of organizations and groups provide a range of functions in the lives of local residents, from providing small bits of information such as health promotion to great undertakings such as the reconstruction of the local community. Regional centers and the local social welfare councils are representative organizations that offer seamless support services in cities, towns, and villages throughout the country in the country as representative organizations by integrating regional resource information into these support services. Regional resources are not necessarily limited to information concerning social care activities for the elderly, and this means care is provided in the broadest sense. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of the actual conditions and the intensity of integration between regional centers and regional resources for nationwide social care provision. Methods: A selfcompleted survey was administered at 4,557 Community-based integrated Centres [CBICs] regional centers and 1,741 social welfare councils [SWCs] in Japan. The purpose of this survey was to gain an understanding of the actual conditions of these centers and how they collect, manage, and use their regional resources for the benefit of all. We used 5 degrees of the \"functional clinical integration scale\" developed by Ahgren (2005) to evaluate integration intensity. Results: 1. The recovery rates for the CBICs and SWCs were 31.5% (1,437/4,557) and 43.4% (808/1,741), respectively. 2. Regarding the intensity of integration, the top three regional resources of the CBICs were Case worker/children's social workers' council, 3.41; Communal organizations, 2.41; and Fundamental organizations for regional welfare promotion, 2.38. Those of the SWCs were Case worker/children's social workers' council, 3.92; Volunteer group, 3.32; and Communal organizations, 2.95. 3. The scores for the different categories of regional resources used by the CBICs in providing social care were: Watching over, 3.03; Salon and intercommunication, 2.71; and Fitness, 2.54. Those of the resources used by the SWCs and the regional resources were Urban renovation, 4.38; Salon and intercommunication4.21; and Watching over, 3.65. Conclusions and Discussion: This study is the first to reveal on a national scale the main uses of regional resources for social care provision at two types of regional centers in Japan. In order to structure the CommunityBased Integrated Care System and improve the quality of seamless care in the communities, it is critical to strategically use the regional resources existing in each local community to provide social care for the people who need it. Therefore, it is necessary to continually update information concerning regional resources and build a system to effectively use this information.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Integrated care ",2,46,2,null,3,null,2,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1669,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1669,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",35,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1669,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["McGeorge, Peter, Comerford, Peter, O'Mahony, Jenny, Gandar, Philip and Todd, David",2017,"The Inner Sydney Urban Partnership for Health and Wellbeing","The Inner Sydney Urban Partnership is a Collaborative Impact Initiative (CII) bringing together a network alliance of consumers, carers, health, social service providers and local community organisations determined to address the complex needs and adverse trajectories of a vulnerable inner city populations affected by drug and alcohol, mental illness, physical co-morbidities, housing instability or homelessness. The Urban Partnership has bought together people, practitioners and leaders across a local network of care, to support the co-design and co-development of alternative community based systems that will not only reduce barriers to health and support but will create the driving force to shift from the current dependence on crisis care through ambulance, police, ED attendances and inpatient admissions, that are expensive in resources and ineffective in addressing the complex situations and drivers of people's health and wellbeing. The Urban Partnership has been an important innovation by placing St Vincent's Hospital, one of Australia's major tertiary health services, at the centre of an integrated mental health care partnership with a full range of community organisations, enabling the skills of a large hospital to be available to support smaller mental health organisations and those providing care in the community, who can touch and make a difference to the individuals involved. For St Vincent's this is a return to its heritage of 'curb-side care' - a return of mental health care to the homes, places and communities where people live, rather than in hospital. It provides the opportunity to redevelop the network and model of care for people who are frequent users of crisis and ED services by supporting a shared care capability across primary care, community based mental health and social care and hospital based mental health, alcohol and drug support. We have used a collaborative system design approach to shape the Urban Partnership, firstly as a relationship and trust building process to create a shared understanding of the role of individual services and capacity available through the partner members of the network and how these can be linked and coordinated through a shared model of care at a system level. We are moving from there to shared training and practice approaches for practitioners and finally a shared person centred plan to support integration at an individual level. These are supported by a UP network infrastructure: - A quality improvement and coordination capability to ensure alignment, quality, coherency and impact is achieved by the individual services and providers. - A resource coordination and allocation capability to reorient resources currently consumed in crisis care towards building community based alternative capacity, using social investment approaches sponsored by state and national government. - A shared data driven learning and performance development infrastructure to enables the Urban Partnership to understand the patterns and journeys through the network that frequent crisis users are making, to focus improvement and measure impact. - An Urban Partnership Stewardship capability that includes leaders from across the network and local community to provide ongoing governance of the Urban Partnership as a whole.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Vulnerable popn. groups",1,0,2,null,2,null,2,0,0,"Sydney",210,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1670,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"sydney"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1670,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},{"$f":"+V1670&U1670","v":"Australiasydney"},9,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1670,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},0]
["Verdial Vidal, Iliana, Ortiz dos Santos, Elitiele and Valentin do Prado, Ernande",2017,"PROGRAMA MAIS MÉDICOS: QUALIFICAÇÃO DA ATENÇÃO AO PRÉ-NATAL E PUERPÉRIO NO ÂMBITO DA ESTRATÉGIA DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA","Objective: the intention of this article is to report the experience of the development of an intervention in a Family Health Strategy in the city of Boa Vista in Roraima aimed to improve attention to the prenatal and postpartum period in the team's area of comprehensiveness. Methods: the intervention was part of a Conclusion work for Specialization course in Family Health of a Cuban medical linked to the \"Mais Médicos\" Program. The intervention was carried out from March to June of 2015 and counted with the participation of all team members. Organizing actions and management of the service, qualification of clinical practice, monitoring and evaluation, and public engagement were performed. Results: with the intervention, it was possible to improve the service organization for the attention of the pregnant and postpartum women. It was observed a gradual improvement in the coverage of care to pregnant and postpartum women, access to the service, the quality of clinical care and adherence to the offered actions. There was a strengthening of actions for the health promotion with guidance, lectures and development of a partnership with the oral health team. Conclusion: the team was better trained to address the pregnant and postpartum women with updated knowledge and awareness about acting in the work of primary care.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Family health",1,0,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"Boa Vista",269,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1671,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"boa vista"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1671,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"brazil"},"brazilboa vista",14,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1671,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},1]
["Yinchao, Zhu, Xiaoqi, Feng, Hui, Li, Yaqin, Huang, Jieping, Chen, Guozhang, Xu, Zhu, Yinchao, Feng, Xiaoqi, Li, Hui, Huang, Yaqin, Chen, Jieping and Xu, Guozhang",2017,"A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of a geo-specific poster compared to a general poster for effecting change in perceived threat and intention to avoid drowning 'hotspots' among children of migrant workers: evidence from Ningbo, China","Background: Drowning among children of migrant workers is a major, though neglected public health issue in China.Methods: A randomised controlled trial was used to examine the potential impact of viewing a preventive health poster with/without geo-located drowning events on perceptions of drowning risk among Chinese migrant children. A total of 752 children from three schools in Jiangbei district were selected by multi-stage sampling and randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 380) or control (n = 372). Multilevel models were used to analyse changes in responses to the following questions after viewing the assigned poster for 10 min: (1) \"Do you believe that drowning is a serious health problem in Ningbo city?\"; (2) \"Do you believe that there are lots of drowning-risk waters around you?\"; (3) \"Do you believe that the likelihood of your accessing a drowning-risk water is great?\"; and (4) \"Would you intend to avoid accessing to those drowning-risk waters when being exposed?\"Results: At baseline there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in perceptions of drowning risk or covariates. Following the intervention, participants that viewed the geo-specific poster were more likely to respond more favourably to the first three questions (p < 0.001) than those who viewed the standard poster. However, there was no substantive difference between the geo-specific or standard poster in terms of changing intentions to avoid drowning hotspots (p = 0.214).Conclusions: Use of 'geo-located' information added value to the effectiveness of a drowning prevention poster for enhancing awareness of drowning hotspots among children of migrant workers.Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IOR-16008979 (Retrospectively registered) (The date of trial registration: Aug 5, 2016, the date of enrolment of the first participant: Nov 10, 2015).","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Drowning of migrant children",1,44,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"Jiangbei",286,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1672,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Jianbei"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1672,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"china"},"chinaJianbei",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1672,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["Freire, Wilma B., Waters, William F., Rivas-Mariño, Gabriela, Nguyen, Tien, Rivas, Patricio and Rivas-Mariño, Gabriela",2017,"A qualitative study of consumer perceptions and use of traffic light food labelling in Ecuador","Objective: To analyse patterns of knowledge, comprehension, attitudes and practices regarding the traffic light label placed on processed food packages to inform Ecuadorian consumers about levels of added fat, sugar and salt.Design: Twenty-one focus group discussions organized by age group, sex and place of residence. Interviews with representatives of companies that manufacture or market processed foods. Analysis of regulations and structured observations of processed food labels.Setting: Cities and towns in Ecuador's coastal, highland and eastern lowland regions.Subjects: One hundred and seventy-eight participants in twenty-one focus group discussions and nine key informants.Results: Focus group participants knew about the traffic light label and understood the information it conveys, but not all changed their attitudes and practices related to the purchase and consumption of processed foods. Children, adolescents and adult males reported using the information infrequently; adolescents interested in health and adult women used the label the most to select products. Representatives of companies that manufacture or market processed foods generally opposed the policy, stating that the information is misleading. Nevertheless, some companies have reduced levels of added fat, sugar or salt in their products.Conclusions: The traffic light label is an effective tool for conveying complex information. Its potential contribution to reduce consumption of products with high levels of fat, sugar and salt could be enhanced by promoting healthy diets among consumers who have not changed purchasing and consumption behaviour, by placing the label on front panels and by monitoring the production and marketing of processed foods.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","diet",1,28,2,"food labelling",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"cities in ecuador",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1673,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1673,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",65,2,1]
["Faherty, Georgia and Gaulton, Liz",2017,"Working together to reduce health inequalities in the Marmot City of Coventry","In 2013, organisations across the city of Coventry commited to work together to reduce differences in health outcomes between the most affluent and most deprived areas of the city. Coventry was one of seven cities in the UK to become a Marmot City and received national expertise and support to reduce health inequalities. Coventry City Council and other public and voluntary sector organisations delivered projects and interventions, and designed new ways of working to rapidly improve health inequalities. Since Coventry became a Marmot City, the life expectancy gap between the most affluent and most deprived has narrowed. Educational development, health outcomes, life satisfaction and employment have improved, while crime in priority locations has reduced. Organisations in Coventry, including businesses, continue to work together as part of a Marmot City. Future priorities include building resilience in young people and ensuring that economic growth in Coventry benefits the most disadvantaged residents.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health inequalities",1,3,2,"marmot city",7,"partnership",2,0,0,"Coventry",275,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1674,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"coventry"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1674,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandcoventry",3,3,3]
["Franco, Manuel, Gullón, Pedro and Carreño, Víctor",2017,"Studying city life, improving population health",null,"y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"not stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1675,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1675,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
["Johnson, Lauren Gabrielle",2017,"Implementing Botswana's National Cervical Cancer Prevention Programme: Providers' Fidelity to the See-and-Treat Algorithms","Precancerous cervical lesions can be easily prevented and treated. Yet, cervical cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer-related deaths for women in Botswana. To address this high burden, Botswana's Ministry of Health (MOH) established the National Cervical Cancer Prevention Programme (NCCPP), which primarily focused on secondary prevention using the evidence-based, see-and-treat approach. See-and-treat is an alternative to Pap smear that combines screening (visual inspection with acetic acid, VIA) and treatment (cryotherapy) in a single visit approach. After successful pilot testing in the capital city of Gaborone, the program was scaled-up in 2014 to 5 additional sites (Lobatse, Selebi-Phikwe, Maun, Francistown, and Mahalapye).To achieve population-level reductions in cervical cancer, the goal of scale-up is to implement health innovations with high fidelity and achieve desired coverage. Therefore, the overarching goal of this dissertation was to comprehensively assess providers' fidelity during scale-up of see-and-treat in Botswana. Fidelity was composed of two key aspects: (1) adherence, how well nurses' treatment and referral choices aligned with the NCCPP see-and-treat algorithm and (2) competence, the level of skill maintained when nurses performed VIA screenings.Despite significant barriers to practice, results from this dissertation suggest that Botswana's MOH accomplished a successful scale-up. Adherence was maintained during scale-up and competence was sustained over time. When controlling for covariates using log-binomial regression, adherence did not differ significantly between pilot and scaled-up sites (p=.2205). In addition, nurses at the pilot site achieved 75.4% sensitivity and 92.4% specificity when comparing their performance in conducting VIA to that of expert physicians, which was comparable to estimates attained in the pilot test. The quantitative data collected in this study has helped to identify problematic segments of the NCCPP see-and-treat algorithm. Future qualitative interviews will further elicit how and why providers experience implementation challenges in their daily practice and the implications for program fidelity. Botswana and other resource-limited countries can utilize these results to modify the see-and-treat algorithm, develop a fidelity instrument to facilitate ongoing monitoring, and/or test strategies to improve the scale-up process moving forward.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","cervical cancer",2,22,2,null,3,null,8,0,0,"gaborone",281,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1676,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Gaborone"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1676,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Botswana"},"BotswanaGaborone",70,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1676,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":0},1]
["Moreno, Ralfh, López, Rafael, Tenorio, Alfonso, Victoria, Jorge, Volz, Anna, Cruz, Oscar, Moreno, Ernesto, Quijada, Carlos, Hesse-de-Herrera, Ana, Aguirre, Sarita, Santos, Laedi, Lima, Noemi, Tanomaru, Neide, Alarcon, Antonieta and Del-Granado, Mirtha",2017,"Hospital-based tuberculosis control activities in five cities of Latin America","Objective. To generate actionable insights for improving TB control in urban areas by describing the tuberculosis (TB) control activities of hospitals in five cities in Latin America. Methods. A descriptive study of hospital-based TB control activities was conducted in 2013-2015 using a cross-sectional survey designed by the Pan American Health Organization and administered in Guatemala City, Guatemala; Guarulhos, Brazil; Bogotá, Colombia; Lima, Peru; and Asunción, Paraguay. Data were analyzed using Chi-squared, Fisher exact tests, and the Mantel-Haenszel test for Risk Ratios, as necessary (P < 0.05). Results. While variation among cities existed, most hospitals (91.3%) conducted acid-fast bacilli smears for TB diagnosis and had a quality control process (94.0%), followed national TB guidelines (95%), and reported TB cases to the respective health authorities (96%). Additionally, TB treatment was offered free of charge almost universally (97.1%). However, only 74.2% of hospitals were supervised by the national or local TB programs; 52.8% followed up on the outcome of referrals; and 39.1% offered full ambulatory TB treatment, with 68.7% using Directly-Observed Therapy. Conclusion. The study underscored strengths and weaknesses in specific areas for TB control activities in hospitals and highlighted the importance and complexity of coordinating efforts among private and public hospitals and the various stakeholders. Local TB programs and health authorities should use these results to enhance the quality of TB-related actions in hospitals in similar settings.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","TB",1,34,1,null,0,null,0,0,0,"Guatemala City, Guatemala; Guarulhos, Brazil; Bogotá, Colombia; Lima, Peru; and Asunción, Paraguay. ",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1677,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1677,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,2,1]
["Turnhout, Sven, Feliksdal, Dieke and Minkman, Mirella",2016,"Citizens as partners in integrated care","Introduction: In the Netherlands, citizens increasingly stand up to develop initiatives with each other in the community that attributes to to iving at home longer. One of the ways by which they achieve this, is by organizing health and welfare services themselves, for and by citizens, bases on engagement and reciprocity. Vilans recognized a trend in the rise of these citizens initiatives in (long term) health care, social care and welfare. Since February 2015, the number of citizens' initiatives in which citizens organise their own welfare and health services rapidly increased from 63, up to a total of 174 initiatives today. What lies underneath this development and these initiatives? How do they work? Are there different perspectives of the involved people about the initiatives? To gain insight into the values of the different stakeholders groups involved around a citizens' initiative for healthcare and welfare, Vilans has conducted narrative research in 2015 in two sites. Also, Vilans made an inventory of all initiatives in the Netherlands. Theory/methods: Through a qualitative multiple-case study, we conducted narrative research at two different citizens' initiatives for healthcare and welfare in Lierop (village) and Zoetermeer (city). For each initiative, we collected stories from various stakeholders; 1.) directors/initiators 2.) volunteers/providers 3.) care recipients 4.) external stakeholders such as local authorities or health care professionals. Based on the methodology of narrative research, the stories have been interpreted together with the groups in workshops. The values have been identified and prioritized. In addition, the stakeholders have outlined distinctive characters per citizens' initiative. Progress report: In our study, 171 stories have been collected at the two citizens' initiatives. These stories served as inspiration and insight for identifying and prioritizing the values in each group. This has resulted in the three most important values per group per initiative. In addition, the groups have outlined 4 distinctive characters per citizens' initiative, which provide insight into the perspectives of the stakeholders towards the initiative. The results show the initiatives are relevant and new stakeholders in integrated care, who are only on the starting point of their development. Discussion: The study results show that the two investigated citizens' initiatives in healthcare and welfare are both different and unique, but the study mainly shows merely similarities concerning key values. The boards of both initiatives have prioritized values which are directed towards stimulation, self-direction? and willingness. No conflicting value types have been named by the different stakeholders within the citizens' initiatives or between the two initiatives although the initiatives differ in their appearance. The prioritised values of the different groups in both citizens' initiatives were focussing on growth and development. Citizen initiatives develop and gain new tasks: first experiences with purchasing care and delivering care by the initiatives are running. Conclusion: The role of citizens organizing themselves brings a new dimension in integrated care. As new players their voice of the local people changes collaboration in the health and social care. The initiatives are developing themselves, have common values as health and social care professionals in integrated care and want to collaborate with 'formal care'. How to do this and which roles to fulfill (for instance purchasing care) are new challenges to discover the coming years in the already 176 initiatives. The narrative research method was an intensive but effective method for collecting experiences in different groups through new collaborations. The respondents were enthusiastic about participation because the research helped them in the conversation and further collaboration with each other. The joint designation of experiences and values by different groups supports new and existing collaborations within the citizens' initiatives. The ound similarities and differences in the values of the initiatives can be further developed and serve as a key content for further cooperation between citizens' initiatives, local authorities and care and/or welfare organizations.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","integrated care",2,46,2,null,3,"not stated",3,0,0,"Zoetermeer (entherlands)",329,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1678,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Zeotermeer"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1678,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsZeotermeer",3,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1678,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Molinet, Josefa Rodríguez i, Lezcano, Olga Alonso, Zurriaga, Pilar Bañon, Bartés, Bianca Beltrán, Buil, Dolors Burrel, Noguero, Nati Castells, Campos, Rosa Maria Colomer, del Rosario Cuesta Alvarez, Maria, Mallofré, Lourdes Esteve, Rovira, Mercè Gil, Martínez, Lydia Gómez, Ibañez, Melinda Jimenez, Peruga, Meritxell Liarte, Robles, Encarna Martin, Orpinell, Mònica Miró, Gónzalez, Isabel Molina, Lozano, Olalla Montón, Cusidó, Glòria Obrero, Conca, Meritxell Ortiz and Caballero, Raquel Paz",2016,"Social work within healthcare services in Barcelona: case studies of services offered to people suffering from chronic illnesses","The contribution of social factors in the genesis and evolution of the health problems of people as well as the importance of social and family support as a protective factor for health have been extensively studied in various scientific forums. This evidence highlights the need for addressing social problems of health and social workers trained in the sanitario- -widely field are present in each of the assistive devices that provide health care to the population. It should work on problems of social functioning health-altering, and those health problems that impair social functioning of people and their environment. The Health Consortium of Barcelona, in line with the Program for Prevention and attention to the chronicity of the Generalitat de Catalunya, has a group of social workers of different levels of care (hospitals, primary health care, health centers, home care teams, mental health, care homes, and drug dependence) of the city of Barcelona, they meet with the aim of promoting and defending the importance of social factors in the care of the chronically ill and clarify and strengthen its role. After two years of work, this group reflected on their professional role in relation to chronicity by reading and discussion of articles and documents, as well as analysis of the experience of the members of each device, creating a consensus document which they identify each and every one of the services offered to citizens. They conclude that in general, all health social workers of any assistance device offered to the population common services (proactive detection, medical social diagnosis, plan of work, social treatment, group care, coordination and networking, community health and promotion volunteering, participation in welfare committees and research and teaching). And specifically, each health worker, offering a differentiated according to their level of care (hospital, primary care, geriatric, ...), being widely detailed in the portfolio of services developed by this group. Overall, this work offers a vision care continuum, a line of Cross health care by social work, which appears or takes over care in any health care device providing continuous support to the patient and family, regardless of the path the chronically ill do. Accompaniment, when required, should be coordinated and connect with other community services that help complete and comprehensive care to chronic patient and family reality. The results of this work have been: - The creation of a portfolio of health consensual social work in the city of Barcelona to the attention of chronicity. - The commissioning relationship between different levels of care professionals and providers (public and private) increasing trust and allowing the establishment of new synergies. - Strengthening the role develops social work in health chronicity in our city. - The empowerment of the health worker in the management of your organization, promoting their participation in new care programs chronicity. - Improving the continuum of care for the person and their environment. possible areas for improvement and research to advance the social care of some populations are displayed; children with chronic disease, people with addictions and family violence situations. In short, it provides, the result of research, reflection and consensus, the first of a series of future instruments that allow guide citizens, institutions, managers and professionals in the important task is to develop the health worker in the city of Barcelona.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,"intergration social work in hospital",3,null,3,0,0,"barcelona",13,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1679,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Barcelona"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1679,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainBarcelona",4,3,0]
["Larson, Laurie",2018,"INVESTING IN HEALTHY CITIES","The article offers information on the Invest Health initiative launched by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and Reinvestment Fund to help civic leaders collaborate in order to improve low-income communities in the U.S. Topics discussed include the increased focus on community development and health outcomes in the U.S.; the grants awarded to several cities in the U.S. under Invest Health; and the Spectrum Health organization in Grand Rapids, Michigan, involved in the initiative.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","health",1,0,2,null,0,null,0,0,0,"US Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1680,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1680,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,1,0]
["Dolan, Kerry A.",2018,"Backed By A Band Of Philanthropists, Nonprofit Makes Dramatic Progress In Reducing Childhood Deaths","The article looks at a study published in \"BMJ Global Health\" which shows a dramatic drop in childhood deaths in neighborhoods around Bamako, fast-growing capital city of Mali in West Africa. It mentions Muso, health nonprofit, and its partners are feeling optimistic about a new way to reduce deaths among young children. It also mentions Muso worked with the government of Mali to change how health care was delivered in communities on the edge of Bamako.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Childhood deaths",2,37,2,null,3,null,2,0,2,"Bamako (Mali)",300,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1681,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Bamako"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1681,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Mali"},"MaliBamako",74,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1681,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":6},0]
["VanHulle, Lindsay",2017,"Local officials say they can rein in retiree benefits costs","The article reports on the optimism and efforts of city and local officials in Michigan in fixing the problem of unfunded retirement systems. It discusses the progress made by officials of the city of Saginaw in funding 375 million dollars in unfunded retiree health care and pension obligations by negotiating increased copays and health care contributions. Legislative reforms were also introduced to give local governments more leeway to manage retiree health care and pension costs.","y",null,null,"Journal Article","Unfunded retirement systems",1,0,2,null,2,null,6,0,0,"Saginaw",318,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1682,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Saginaw"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1682,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USASaginaw",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1682,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated",2014,null,"In 2014, Baltimore piloted a school-based mindfulness programme that included training 4th and 5th graders (9-11 year olds) yoga in schools. Each yoga class lasts 45 minutes, and classes were offered four times a week for 12 weeks. The results from the pilot showed children in the treatment group reported significantly less rumination and emotional arousal, significantly fewer intrusive thoughts, and reductions in the number of impulsive actions they engaged in. This pilot led to schools taking up similar approaches across the US. ","y",null,null,"report","MH",1,25,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"baltimore",11,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1683,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"baltimore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1683,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAbaltimore",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1683,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"A more controversial US intervention (but considered necessary in the midst of a national opioid crisis) includes supervised injection facilities in several US cities where drug users can shoot up under medical supervision. The centres provide drug users and addicts a safe place to inject heroin while giving service providers a place to approach users about changing their habits","y",null,null,"report","drug users",1,13,2,"injection faciliteis",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"US Cities",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1684,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1684,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1684,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Many European cities have also had innovative solutions to provide temporary housing to refugees and other migrants amidst the recent refugee crisis. Amsterdam converted a former prison into a shelter for six months where undocumented immigrants lived in the prison while working on their asylum applications and were offered medical care, food, and legal advice throughout this time . Zurich had a similar approach using bespoke shelters from Ikea","y",null,null,"report","homeless health",1,0,2,"temp housing",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"amesterdam",4,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1685,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"amsterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1685,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsamsterdam",30,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1685,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated","Wewatt","Specific exercise initiatives across cities have also proved popular. In the Netherlands, a company called 'Wewatt' installs free bike riding stations that generate enough power to charge a phone. These are available at stations and airports across the country and have since been replicated in France and Australia","y",null,null,"report","obesity",1,1,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"amsterdam",4,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1686,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"amsterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1686,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsamsterdam",30,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1686,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated",2018,null,"Amsterdam is the first city in Europe to introduce environmental zones for motor scooters designed to prevent older, more polluting vehicles from entering the city.  Amsterdam already had environmental zones in place for delivery trucks and vans but in 2018, the city expanded these environmental zones to include taxis, coaches, buses, mopeds, and scooters","y",null,null,"report","air quality",1,16,2,"legislation",2,"legislation",4,0,0,"Amsterdam",4,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1687,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"amsterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1687,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsamsterdam",30,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1687,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Amsterdam recently announced it is taking new measures to prevent issues in the Red Light District . Fines will now exist for public consumption of alcohol as well as public urination, disorderliness and littering. City law enforcement officers are being issued with mobile card readers, allowing them to take immediate payment for fines. Streets will be monitored in real time and coded depending on how busy they are. If a code red is called, officials will be deployed and if necessary, streets will be closed. Bar staff are also not allowed to pass on any alcoholic drinks to drunken customers and later this year there will be extra control on this with both the staff member and the bar being fined","y",null,null,"report","alcohol",1,13,2,"fines ",1,"legislation",4,0,0,"amsterdam",4,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1688,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"amsterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1688,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsamsterdam",30,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1688,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Amsterdam also has a street-cleaning programme where alcoholics are being paid in beer to clean the streets as part of a project partly funded by the Dutch government. An evaluation of the programme stated that local police have received fewer reports of stabbings and muggings in the parks, it also stated that instead of being ostracised by society, the alcoholics' needs appear to have been better incorporated into the Dutch healthcare system","y",null,null,"report","alcohol",1,13,2,"paying alcholoics",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"amsterdam",4,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1689,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"amsterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1689,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsamsterdam",30,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1689,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Amsterdam has new built-in wireless payment devices in the jackets of charity collectors, many public locations across the city as well as the homeless themselves. Donations have a 1 Euro limit and all the money has to be redeemed through an official homeless shelter. This has proved a new way to source revenue in a growing cashless society","y",null,null,"report","homeless health",1,0,2,"homells money",1,"donations",6,0,0,"amsterdam",4,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1690,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"amsterdam"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1690,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"netherlands"},"netherlandsamsterdam",30,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1690,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Barcelona’s ‘superblocks’ scheme (approx. 400m x 400m) has changed traffic flow by introducing new signage that restricts cars, lorry and bus traffic to only roads in the superblock perimeters. Cars are only allowed in the streets in between the superblock if they are residents or providing local businesses, and at a reduced speed of 10km/h. In Gracia (one of Barcelona’s superblock areas) more than two-thirds of the streets were turned into public spaces, car traffic dropped to 81,514 trips annually (from 95,889 before the superblock was established), pedestrians now make 201,843 trips annually and cyclists make 10,143 trips, a 30% increase","y",null,null,"report","air quality",1,16,2,"changes to environment",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"barcelona",13,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1691,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Barcelona"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1691,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"spain"},"spainBarcelona",4,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1691,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"In Bogota, every Sunday 120kms of road is turned into a cycling lane between 7am - 2pm. 1.4 million take part every week where a safe space is created for recreation for entire families. The cycle lanes also provide free bike schools that teach adults and children bike basics. An evaluation showed that most participants met the physical activity recommendation that day through cycling . An evaluation of a similar scheme in St. Louis,   showed 43% of respondents were physically active at the time of ‘Open Streets’, respondents also felt the city was more vibrant during the events (74%) and it strengthened their sense of community (88.1%) .  ","y",null,null,"report","reducing cars",1,0,2,"reudcing cars",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"bogota",20,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1692,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"bogota"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1692,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Colombia"},"Colombiabogota",21,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1692,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Boston and other US cities have a ‘Landlord Guarantee Programme ’ where accepted property owners into the programme rent to an individual or family that's been homeless and the landlord is paired with a ‘partner\" from the city's Office of Housing Stability. The landlord partner will help resolve any issues that might arise between a landlord and a formerly homeless tenant, offering referrals to mediation, among other services. The programme also compensates landlords up to $10,000 for any unpaid rent, property damage and certain court costs arising from a dispute","y",null,null,"report","homeless health",1,0,2,"housing",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"boston",23,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1693,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"boston"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1693,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaboston",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1693,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Public awareness campaigns fuelled by the involvement and leadership of local people have proved successful in the US particularly. One of the components of the Boston and Detroit models is to mobilise the community to change norms. Activities associated with this include holding marches within 72 hours of a shooting in the target community to get the neighbourhood to stand up and say, ‘stop the shootings’ and show that they want an end to the violence","y",null,null,"report","voilence reduction",2,44,2,"education",1,"national funding",8,0,0,"Boston",23,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1694,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"boston"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1694,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaboston",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1694,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated",2015,null,"Copenhagen’s stress offer started in 2015, offering free help for 100,000 citizens suffering with stress through a series of clinics and classes consisting of meditation, yoga and conversations with a health professional. Clinics were advertised in job centres to specifically target the reluctant, unemployed 50-year-old men from lower socio-economic groups. Results showed a 30% drop in symptoms of those attending and led to the launch of online classes to better reach other citizens","y",null,null,"report","Mental Health",1,25,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"copenhagen",55,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1695,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Copenhagen"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1695,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"denmark"},"denmarkCopenhagen",30,3,0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Glasgow’s Violence Reduction Unit, ‘Medics Against Violence’ (MAV) charity was established to work in close partnership with the VRU and provide a collective clinical voice to the city’s issue. In Scotland this helped enforce legislative change (e.g. a mandatory sentence for offenders as well as the minimum unit pricing on alcohol).","y",null,null,"report","voilence reduction",2,44,2,"legislation",3,"leiglsation",4,0,0,"glasgow",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1696,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1696,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",50,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1696,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"With government funding ‘Medics against violence’ also developed educational anti-violence programmes which includes educational programmes in schools targeting 13-14yr olds (led by healthcare professionals) as well as the Ask, Validate, Document and Refer (AVDR) programme which trains hairdressers, doctors, dentists, vets and other professionals to recognise the signs of domestic violence","y",null,null,"report","voilence reduction",2,44,2,"education",1,"national funding",8,0,0,"glasgow",78,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1697,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Glasgow"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1697,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandGlasgow",50,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1697,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Helsinki’s Mental Health Hub is online therapy used by every hospital district in the country. It signposts services, provides self-help tools for those who don’t need professional help, offers therapy courses with qualified mental health professionals for those with mild to moderate mood disorders and anyone can access it (but a referral is needed for therapy). The hub also offers education, training, advice and consultation opportunities for mental healthcare professionals as well as computer-assisted cognitive behavioural online therapies for depression, alcohol misuse and a range of anxiety disorders . The hub’s reach is impressive with over 545,000 users in 2016, equal to roughly 10% of the Finnish population.","y",null,null,"report","Mental Health",1,25,2,null,4,null,0,0,0,"helsinki",89,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1698,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Helsinki"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1698,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"finland"},"finlandHelsinki",26,3,1]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Finland’s ‘Housing First’ model is built on the principle that having a permanent home can make solving health and social problems much easier. In Finland, the homeless are given permanent housing on a normal lease first rather than progressing the homeless through several levels of temporary and transitional accommodation and they are then given the support they need to conquer more complex issues. Depending on their income, they may contribute to the cost of support services they receive, and then the rest is covered by local government .  Due to the success of the scheme, the UK government agreed to pay for pilot schemes in Greater Manchester, Merseyside and the West Midlands","y",null,null,"report","homeless health",1,0,2,"housing",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"Helsinki",89,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1699,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Helsinki"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1699,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"finland"},"finlandHelsinki",26,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1699,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"The Finland ‘NordicWay Coop’ project aims to improve road safety by allowing drivers to effectively warn other road users and the authorities about obstructions on the road, unprotected accident areas or poor visibility – all through a simple app. Evaluation of the pilot showed benefits including a fewer number of accidents leading to fewer traffic delays .","y",null,null,"report","road traffic accident",1,44,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"helsinki",89,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1700,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Helsinki"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1700,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"finland"},"finlandHelsinki",26,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1700,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"London’s new world-first Ultra Low Emissions Zone alongside the city making bus and taxi fleets cleaner, rolling out rapid charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, improvements to some of London’s most polluted schools and funding schemes to help small businesses scrap older, polluting vans, make London a leading city in addressing air pollution. Air pollution is at the top of many global cities agenda as pollution levels exceed recommended WHO levels and the negative health impacts become more significant and widespread. Below are examples of bold, innovative actions other cities are taking","y",null,null,"report","air quality",1,16,2,"changes to environment",2,"charges",6,0,0,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1701,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1701,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1701,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["Kate Carter","not stated","Mexico’s latest way to beat the obesity epidemic: make commuters do squats for free subway tickets [Online]","In subway stations throughout Mexico City, 30 motion-sensitive machines were installed for people to complete 10 squats to gain a free transport ticket. The city recognised that ten squats a day is a low baseline and unlikely to burn a lot of calories, but the incentive is the governments hope to start a virtuous circle, e.g. after the squats you may opt for stairs over the lift or walk a little further than usual on the way home","y",null,null,"report","obesity",1,1,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"mexico city",127,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1702,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Mexico City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1702,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"mexico"},"mexicoMexico City",37,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1702,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":2},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"In New York City, Market Ride uses school buses during off hours to take seniors from senior centres to supermarkets and farmers’ markets that have a greater array of fruits and vegetables than their smaller, neighbourhood stores .  In 2012, New York City also implemented the Health Bucks programme that provides low-income New Yorkers with additional purchasing power to buy fresh, locally-grown produce. Health Bucks are $2 coupons redeemable for fruits and vegetables at 140 farmers’ markets year-round .","y",null,null,"report","diet",1,28,2,"bus for older people to supermarket",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1703,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1703,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1703,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"In New York City, the ‘Schoolyards to Playgrounds’ programme converts elementary and middle school schoolyards to community playgrounds for use by the general public after school hours, on the weekends, and during school breaks. This helps fulfil the goal of bringing all New Yorkers within a 10-minute quarter mile walk of a park by 2030 (currently 76% of New Yorkers within a 10-minute walk of a park) .","y",null,null,"report","green spaces",1,36,2,"using playgrounds",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1704,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1704,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1704,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Many cities are also focussing on rooftop developments as new green space options. As part of the ‘OneNYC’ strategy the New York City Housing Authority budgeted $843.6 million for roof replacements to increase access to outdoor space and utilise rooftops.  Paris has also committed to looking at the possible uses of rooftops and Tokyo offers workshops that teach residents how to create green rooftops, wall surfaces, railroad areas, and parking lots, and offers tax incentives for such efforts","y",null,null,"report","green spaces",1,36,2,"roof gardens",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1705,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1705,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1705,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"New York City Relief Buses are mobile care centres where volunteers serve homemade soup and bread, distribute hygiene kits, host life care visits, and pray for the needs of friends on the street.  By setting up tables & chairs on sidewalks across the city, the organisation creates an intentional space that welcomes guests and invites conversation over a shared meal . San Francisco has done something similar through mobile buses that travel throughout the city providing showers and sanitation services for the homeless","y",null,null,"report","honeless",1,0,2,"food and health buses",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1706,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1706,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1706,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"In New York City, 'Vision Zero Street Teams' are on the front line teaching pedestrians skills to safely navigate dense urban environments, urging motorists to slow down and yield to pedestrians. The ‘Vision Zero’ strategy also activated Leading Pedestrian Intervals (LPIs) at more than 2,000 intersections citywide where streetlights give walkers a head-start before cars venture into an intersection . ","y",null,null,"report","road traffic accident",1,44,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1707,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1707,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1707,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"The New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission in partnership with the Department of Citywide Administrative Services (DCAS) honour outstanding NYC drivers who make thousands of trips annually without a single traffic incident on their record .","y",null,null,"report","road traffic accident",1,44,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1708,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1708,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1708,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Similar to Barcelona, Paris has built ‘multi-benefit’ streets that have limited vehicle access, are green, inviting, bio-diverse and energy positive. Paris also has car-free days where cars are not allowed to operate in most parts of the city, once a month. There are plans to extend this to every Sunday by 2020","y",null,null,"report","air quality",1,16,2,"changes to environment",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"paris",161,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1709,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Paris"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1709,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"france"},"franceParis",27,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1709,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Uber has also chosen Paris to open its flying taxi laboratory to develop the world’s first flying taxis. The Paris base allows the company to more easily work with European aviation regulators and develop smart grids to support future fleets of electric transport on the ground and in the air. Uber hopes to start their flying taxi service in LA, Dallas and a third city outside of the U.S. by 2023","y",null,null,"report","air quality",1,16,2,"changes to environment",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"paris",161,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1710,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Paris"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1710,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"france"},"franceParis",27,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1710,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Paris has also banned cars manufactured before 1997 from the city on weekdays and the Mayor has announced the city’s ambition to limit access to the Champs‑Elysées and other major thoroughfares to hybrids and electric cars by 2020","y",null,null,"report","air quality",1,16,2,"legislation",2,"legislation",4,0,1,"paris",161,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1711,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Paris"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1711,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"france"},"franceParis",27,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1711,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated",2018,null,"In 2018, Paris conducted a ‘homeless census’ (called Solidarity Night) where over 1,700 Parisian volunteers and 300 officials carried out a census overnight by going street by street counting the number of people huddled in sleeping bags in doorways or camped out in tents. The homeless were surveyed about their housing and health problems and the data collected allowed authorities to design better policies to help those on the streets . Sydney and Barcelona have also conducted similar programmes","y",null,null,"report","homeless health",1,0,2,"survey",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"paris",161,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1712,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Paris"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1712,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"france"},"franceParis",27,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1712,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Paris has recently implemented a ‘Virtual Crash Billboard’ with the aim to make careless pedestrians realise the danger of their behaviour. Equipped with a motion detector, speaker, and camera, the smart billboard makes the sound of screeching tires whenever a pedestrian attempts to cross while the red man is lit. The frightened faces of these pedestrians are projected directly onto the billboard and shown alongside the caption: 'Don't risk looking death in the face. Check the lights and cross safely .'","y",null,null,"report","road traffic accident",1,44,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Paris",161,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1713,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Paris"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1713,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"france"},"franceParis",27,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1713,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["MUMBRELLA STAFF",2017,"Which way is your child growing?’ asks Singapore anti-obesity ad [Online]","In 2017, Singapore released a new campaign targeting children who are at risk of becoming obese. The campaign consists of a series of posters with the question ‘Which way is your child growing’ imprinted on horizontal rulers, designed to mimic a child’s growth chart - however instead of rulers being placed vertically to measure height, the rulers are on their side to draw parents’ attention to their child’s waistline. The charts have been placed in schools, day cares and paediatric clinics across Singapore to motivate parents to encourage children to participate in more physical activities and healthy eating","y",null,null,"report","obesity",1,1,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"singapore",198,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1714,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Singapore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1714,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"singapore"},"singaporeSingapore",52,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1714,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"London is doing a lot to improve the mental health and wellbeing of London’s youth through the city-wide ThriveLDN movement but also initiatives within the Healthy Schools programme and Young Londoners Fund providing positive opportunities for children and young people. ","n",{"$nulls":3},"MH",1,1,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"London",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1715,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1715,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1715,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"The REACH initiative in Singapore  (Response, Early intervention and Assessment in Community Mental Health) is similar to other school-based models where mobile multi-disciplinary mental health teams work closely with schools, voluntary organisations and GPs, to help students with emotional, social and/or behavioural issues within the community (similar to the new NHS CYP trailblazers model). The REACH model however, also includes a telephone helpline for all schools, regular mental health literacy trainings to school teachers and staff and group-based therapy models to meet the increasing demand.","y",null,null,"report","MH",1,25,2,null,1,null,2,0,0,"singapore",198,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1716,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Singapore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1716,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"singapore"},"singaporeSingapore",52,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1716,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Singapore’s mental health training efforts have also included front-line staff from multiple government agencies such as the Housing and Development Board, National Environment Agency as well as the Police Force","y",null,null,"report","mh",1,25,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"singapore",198,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1717,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Singapore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1717,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"singapore"},"singaporeSingapore",52,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1717,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Singapore is tackling air pollution by increasing the amount of greenery on the island. This has included a grove of 18 artificial solar powered ‘super-trees’ that loom up to 157ft (the equivalent of a 16-storey building) to provide vertical gardens for more than 162,000 plants . All new structures in the ‘Garden City’ must also include green roofs or green walls. Sydney has followed Singapore’s lead and also plans to increase tree canopy to 23% by 2030","y",null,null,"report","air quality",1,16,2,"changes to environment",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"singapore",198,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1718,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Singapore"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1718,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"singapore"},"singaporeSingapore",52,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1718,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},1]
["not stated","not stated","How mobile phones could save us from obesity [Online]","In Sydney, a mobile phone app has been developed for young people at risk of obesity. The app includes a 12-week programme with daily motivational texts, five personalised coaching calls, weekly emails and access to different services to provide education and enable self-monitoring. An evaluation of the app showed those in the intervention group were 2.2kg lighter than the control group, consumed more vegetables, fewer sugary soft drinks, and fewer energy-dense takeaway meals","y",null,null,"report","obesity",1,1,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"sydney",210,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1719,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"sydney"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1719,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},"Australiasydney",9,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1719,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},1]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Sydney schools orchestrate a ‘Ride2School’ day through a national bicycle charity where over 3000 schools take part encouraging children to ride or walk to school for one day across the city","y",null,null,"report","ride to school",1,0,2,"cycling",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"sydney",210,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1720,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"sydney"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1720,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},"Australiasydney",9,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1720,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"In Sydney, world-first technology has developed mobile detection cameras which are capable of catching drivers using their phones, even at night time, in poor weather conditions or at speeds up to 300km/h. During the October 2018 testing period, more than 11,000 drivers were snapped using their mobile phone behind the wheel . ","y",null,null,"report","road traffic accident",1,44,2,"education",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Sydney",210,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1721,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"sydney"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1721,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Australia"},"Australiasydney",9,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1721,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":5},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Toronto targets idling time through a by-law which limits the legal idling time to one minute per one-hour period (including public transport). The by-law fines approximately $150 and up to a maximum of $5000 for infractions","y",null,null,"report","air quality",1,16,2,"legislation",2,"legislation",4,0,0,"Toronto",215,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1722,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Toronto"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1722,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaToronto",17,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1722,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"In Toronto, ‘Grab Some Good’ pop-up markets exist inside subway stations providing fresh fruit and vegetables for commuters providing a health snack option. An early evaluation showed that approximately 35,000 purchases of fresh produce were made inside the subway stations and commuter behaviours were changed where 80% said their access to healthy food has improved and 89% were satisfied with the quality of produce available","y",null,null,"report","diet",1,28,2,"fruit stalls",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"toronto",215,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1723,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Toronto"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1723,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaToronto",17,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1723,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Toronto also implemented a mobile ‘Good Food Market’ which uses a retrofitted bus to sell high-quality fresh produce across Toronto’s low-income communities (selected through consultation with local communities and analysis of access gaps). The programme addresses food insecurity and food accessibility and provides fruits and vegetables at low prices creating a system that in which food pricing favours healthy choices .","y",null,null,"report","diet",1,28,2,"food buses",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"toronto",215,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1724,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Toronto"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1724,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaToronto",17,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1724,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Toronto’s At Home Chez Soi programme was first piloted in 2010 and provided homeless participants with immediate access to permanent independent housing in conjunction with client-centred treatment and mental health support services tailored to individual needs. The programme found significant cost savings due to reductions in hospitalisations, ED attendances and shelter use as well as significant improvements in community functioning where quality of life was improved. A similar approach was developed in New York City and Washington by the organisation ‘Pathways to Housing","y",null,null,"report","homeless health",1,0,2,"homelss health",1,"housing and services",0,0,0,"toronto",215,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1725,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Toronto"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1725,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaToronto",17,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1725,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["not stated",2017,null,"In 2017, Vancouver implemented the Empty Homes Tax to address challenges in the city’s housing market and ensuring sufficient housing is available for the local population. In the first year the tax generated close to $38million revenue with more than 2,500 of approximately 186,000 homes listed as vacant and the number of vacant properties decreasing by 15% .","y",null,null,"report","honelssness/heatlh",1,0,2,"housing",2,"taxation",6,0,0,"vancouver",223,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1726,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Vancouver"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1726,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"canada"},"canadaVancouver",17,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1726,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["BURNEY, D., FARLEY, T., SADIK-KHAN, J. & BURDEN, A. ",2010,"Active Design Guidelines Promoting Physical Activity and Health in Design","New York City also looked at legislation to change the way new buildings and renovations are designed, making stairways more visible and creating streetscapes for both pedestrians and cyclists - these concepts include encouraging greater physical movement for users within buildings and supporting a safe and vibrant environment for pedestrians and cyclists","y",null,null,"report","obesity",1,1,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1727,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1727,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1727,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["NYC Health","not stated","Food Standards [Online]","New York City implemented a voluntary programme to promote healthier food which included mandatory nutritional standards for all food purchased/sold by city agencies (hospitals, prisons, aged care and health facilities). This also included city-contracted vending machines having to carry a healthier mix of products aligned to the Food Standards (e.g. limiting the number of high calorie beverages and ensuring healthier options are at the customer’s eye-level","y",null,null,"report","obesity",1,1,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1728,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1728,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1728,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["FRESH","not stated","Food Retail Expansion to Support Health","In New York City, the Food Retail Expansion to Support Health (FRESH) programme promotes the establishment and retention of neighbourhood grocery stores in underserved communities by providing zoning and financial incentives to eligible healthy grocery store operators . This is in addition to launching 1,000 mobile ‘Green Cart’ vendors selling only fruits and vegetables in more deprived neighbourhoods with limited access to healthy foods","y",null,null,"report","obesity",1,1,2,null,2,null,6,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1729,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1729,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1729,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Kansagra, Susan M.\nKennelly, Maura O.\nNonas, Cathy A.\nCurtis, Christine J.\nVan Wye, Gretchen\nGoodman, Andrew\nFarley, Thomas A.","not stated","Reducing Sugary Drink Consumption: New York City’s Approach","New York City also held a mass media campaign to reduce sugary drink consumption and raise awareness of the added sugars in drinks and their association with weight gain, obesity, and diabetes. An evaluation of the campaign indicated that 75% of respondents recalled seeing the campaign and about half of those said it had reduced their consumption of sugary drinks","y",null,null,"report","obesity",1,1,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1730,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1730,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1730,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"ThriveNYC has focussed a lot of attention on childhood settings and increasing the capability of schools and early childhood centres to build coping skills and emotional resilience in young New Yorkers. This specifically includes : \n\tAn ‘Early Childhood Mental Health Network’ which provides mental health consultations to teachers and caregivers in early childhood centres and ‘network clinics’ in each borough that offer family-centred mental health treatment to one of more members of families. \n\tThe’ ECMHN’ network is coupled with a ‘Training and Technical Assistance Centre’ providing training to early childhood professionals in evidence-based treatment and consultation models, and trauma-informed practice to address young children’s mental health needs.\n\tA ‘There’s Help All Around You’ campaign for all public schools which seeks to explain common mental health challenges, encourages help-seeking, promotes mental health understanding and decreases shame and prejudice. The campaign points students and parents to resources available in schools and local communities. \n\tAn onsite mental health service offered to all community schools  with mental health assessments and on-site services;\n\tA network of mental health consultants serving all New York City schools to provide additional mental health support to children, families and staff;\n\tHealthy relationship training to all New York City teens in foster care. The training offers interactive workshops on dating violence and cyber abuse for adolescents, young adults, parents, and service providers.","y",null,null,"report","MH",1,25,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"NYC",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1731,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1731,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"New York have also focussed on training front-line police officers in Crisis Intervention Training (CIT) teaching them how to better identify the signs of mental health conditions, how to deescalate encounters with people with mental health conditions and how to divert individuals away from arrest. As of mid-2017, over 6,500 NYPD officers were trained. Vancouver implemented a similar programme but ensured people with lived experience were a crucial component of the training programme","y",null,null,"report","Mental Health",1,25,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1732,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1732,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1732,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},1]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Originally developed in Massachusetts, the ‘Pathways to Wellness’ Refugee Mental Health programme  produced a mental health screening tool for refugees that is culturally appropriate, sensitive and avoids distress. The tool ensures the language and phrases used to describe mental health and emotional distress are accurate as well as the script that introduces the tool and referrals to culturally appropriate services. In New York, over 500 people have been trained in the tool including community health workers, nurses and community members. The tool has proved accurate in detecting anxiety and depression in refugee populations and connects those scoring above threshold to services. It is now used in over 44 cities worldwide (many in the US).","y",null,null,"report","mh",1,25,2,null,4,null,0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1733,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1733,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["not stated",2017,null,"‘Thrive together’ campaign, New York focussed on leaders from different faiths to devote part of their weekend services to talking about mental health. In 2017, more than 2,000 houses of worship participated in this initiative","y",null,null,"report","mh",1,25,2,null,1,null,2,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1734,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1734,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},{"$f":"+V1734&U1734","v":"usaNew York City"},1,1,1]
["not stated","not stated",null,"New York has also focussed on the elderly population through their ‘Friendly Visiting Programme’ where trained volunteers (mostly in Mental Health First Aid) spend time with elderly people in their home and recognise when to refer seniors for more professional assistance. In early 2017, over 1270 visits had been made to 645 seniors","n","duplicate record",null,null,"Older people",1,1,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1735,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1735,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["not stated","not stated",null,"The ’Connections to Care’ programme in New York City integrates mental health services into community programmes that are serve low-income communities, doing so by training staff to become mental health champions. Training includes screening, Mental Health First Aid, motivational interviewing and psycho-education that staff in community programmes can use in their daily work. In 2017, more than 1,000 community staff members were trained and those staff members served more than 9,000 individuals with interventions or with referrals to mental health providers, 28% of all clients screened for a MH condition screened positive and 69% of clients referred to care kept their appointments","y",null,null,"report","MH",1,25,2,null,1,null,0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1736,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1736,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,1]
["not stated","not stated",null,"New York City’s ‘Thrive Learning Centre’ is a website featuring free interactive learning and resources on self-care and stress management to increase knowledge and awareness of various mental health concerns. The website teaches users on how to support people who are struggling with mental health and substance abuse","y",null,null,"report","Mental Health",1,25,2,null,4,null,0,0,0,"nyc",147,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1737,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"New York City"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1737,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"usa"},"usaNew York City",1,1,0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Brussels (and Paris) have chosen to make public transport and bike share systems free on high air pollution days. In Brussels, if two consecutive days have high levels of particulate matter (a measure of air pollution) all trams, buses and trains have to be made available for free","y",null,null,"report","air quality",1,16,2,"legislation",2,"legislation",4,0,0,"Brussels",271,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1738,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"brussels"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1738,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"beligum"},"beligumbrussels",11,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1738,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated",2016,null,"In 2016, the Delhi government announced a plan to curb its pollution levels by restricting drivers to alternative days. Residents in Delhi are only able to drive on days based on their licence plate number; odd numbers on one day, even on the other .","y",null,null,"report","air quality",1,16,2,"legislation",2,"legislation",4,0,0,"Delhi",276,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1739,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"delhi"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1739,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"india"},"indiadelhi",7,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1739,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"In Kentucky, an art installation called AirBare shows residents real-time changes in the city's air quality, equipping residents with the data to reach the city’s goal of becoming one of the healthiest cities by 2020. AirBare is a bright orange steel kiosk fitted with an interactive touch screen that allows passers-by to see how air pollution levels change in real time throughout the day while also learning how the pollutants impact the severity of asthma symptoms","y",null,null,"report","air quality",1,16,2,"changes to environment",2,"not stated",0,0,0,"kentucky",294,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1740,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kentucky"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1740,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAKentucky",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1740,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated",2018,null,"In 2018, Kiev in the Ukraine banned shops selling alcohol between 11pm and 10am in an attempt to curb excessive all-night drinking .","y",null,null,"report","alcohol",1,13,2,"restricted sales of alcohol",2,"law",4,0,0,"Kiev",295,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1741,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kyiv"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1741,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"ukraine"},"ukraineKyiv",79,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1741,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Kilis, a small Turkish city, have introduced a less conventional (and costly) scheme to attract young children to cycle. In late 2018, the ‘bikes for kids’ scheme began which gives children free bikes provided by the city council if they get a smoking relative to quit, maintain strong grades while improving in a weak area of study and promising to ride for an hour a day. In addition to the scheme, Kilis has built a protected cycle lane four miles long and aims to build a 20-mile network of cycle lanes throughout the city","y",null,null,"report","cycling",1,0,2,"cycling",1,"bought bikes",6,0,0,"Kills (Turkey)",296,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1742,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Kilis"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1742,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Turkey"},"TurkeyKilis",57,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1742,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Reading in the UK is tackling excessive drinking with the help from a group of streetwise church volunteers. Every weekend ‘Street Pastor’ teams with volunteers aged between 18 to 82 provide practical help and support to ‘party-goers’ unable to look after themselves between the times of 10.30pm – 3am. Volunteers give out flip flops, water, wet wipes, hair bands and chargers so people can charge their phones and get home safe. ","y",null,null,"report","alcohol",1,13,2,"education",1,"collabortion",2,0,0,"reading (england)",314,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1743,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Reading"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1743,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"England"},"EnglandReading",3,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1743,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":3},0]
["KOREA CONSUMER AGENCY. 2013",2013," Concerns are also raised about 53 food products with increased side effects due to using compound colors [Online].","Seoul takes it a step further and has ‘Green Food Zones’ around schools (200m radius) in which sales of unhealthy food is prohibited .","y",null,null,"report","obesity",1,1,2,null,2,null,0,0,0,"souel",322,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1744,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Souel"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1744,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Korea"},"KoreaSouel",63,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1744,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Tokyo has ensured there is adequate support for the LGBT homeless community. The ‘LGBT support house’ is offered to LGBTs in Tokyo until they are financially independent and operational costs are covered with money raised through crowd-funding. In the US, 40% of young, homeless people are said to be from the LGBT community and LGBT support house was established to bring light to this issue in Tokyo","y",null,null,"report","homeless health",1,0,2,"housing",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Tokyo",325,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1745,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"tokyo"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1745,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"Japan"},"Japantokyo",20,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1745,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":4},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Recently in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, unvaccinated individuals were ordered to receive the measles vaccine in a 48 hour period following a severe outbreak. The mayor said the city would issue violations and possibly fines of $1,000 for those who did not comply . In the same outbreak; unvaccinated people under age 18 were banned from public places in Rockland County, New York with a potential penalty of six months in jail and/or a $500 fine in cases of non-compliance","y",null,null,"report","vaccinations",2,42,1,null,3,null,3,0,1,"williamsburg, brooklyn (USA)",326,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1746,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Williamsburg"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1746,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAWilliamsburg",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1746,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["not stated","not stated",null,"Austin, Texas, is utilising the recent ‘tiny home’ trend to provide affordable housing which has provided around 250 homeless people with a small home on a compact 27-acre lot. The ‘tiny home’ neighbourhood also has a church, a garden, theatre and a medical centre bringing a sense of community and belonging to the former homeless population","y",null,null,"report","homeless health",1,0,2,"housing",1,"not stated",0,0,0,"Austin",267,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1747,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"Austin"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1747,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"USA"},"USAAustin",1,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(X1747,'Master List Codings'!$AH$12:$AI$142,2,FALSE)","v":1},0]
["Yuval Noah Harari ",2016,"Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow ",null,"n",{"$nulls":6},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1748,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$F$216,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1748,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1748,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",null,null,0]
["de Leeuw, E.",2015,"European Healthy Cities evaluation: conceptual framework and methodology","This paper presents the methodology, programme logic and conceptual framework that drove the evaluation of the Fifth Phase of the WHO European Healthy Cities Network. Towards the end of the phase, 99 cities were designated progressively through the life of the phase (2009-14). The paper establishes the values, systems and aspirations that these cities sign up for, as foundations for the selection of methodology. We assert that a realist synthesis methodology, driven by a wide range of qualitative and quantitative methods, is the most appropriate perspective to address the wide geopolitical, demographic, population and health diversities of these cities. The paper outlines the rationale for a structured multiple case study approach, the deployment of a comprehensive questionnaire, data mining through existing databases including Eurostat and analysis of management information generation tools used throughout the period. Response rates were considered extremely high for this type of research. Non-response analyses are described, which show that data are representative for cities across the spectrum of diversity. This paper provides a foundation for further analysis on specific areas of interest presented in this supplement.","y",null,null,"report","health",1,0,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1749,'Master List Codings'!$C$12:$F$216,4,FALSE)","v":2},"evaluation",7,"who healthy cities",9,null,0,"non stated",0,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1749,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1749,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated",0,0,0]
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[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1800,'Master List Codings'!C676:F880,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1800,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1800,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1801,'Master List Codings'!C677:F881,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1801,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1801,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1802,'Master List Codings'!C678:F882,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1802,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1802,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1803,'Master List Codings'!C679:F883,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1803,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1803,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1804,'Master List Codings'!C680:F884,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1804,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1804,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1805,'Master List Codings'!C681:F885,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1805,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1805,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1806,'Master List Codings'!C682:F886,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1806,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1806,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1807,'Master List Codings'!C683:F887,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1807,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1807,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1808,'Master List Codings'!C684:F888,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1808,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1808,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1809,'Master List Codings'!C685:F889,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1809,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1809,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
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[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1811,'Master List Codings'!C687:F891,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1811,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1811,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1812,'Master List Codings'!C688:F892,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1812,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1812,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1813,'Master List Codings'!C689:F893,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1813,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1813,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1814,'Master List Codings'!C690:F894,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1814,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1814,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1815,'Master List Codings'!C691:F895,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1815,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1815,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1816,'Master List Codings'!C692:F896,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1816,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1816,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1817,'Master List Codings'!C693:F897,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1817,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1817,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1818,'Master List Codings'!C694:F898,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1818,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1818,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1819,'Master List Codings'!C695:F899,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1819,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1819,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1820,'Master List Codings'!C696:F900,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1820,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1820,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
[{"$nulls":11},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(I1821,'Master List Codings'!C697:F901,4,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1821,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"no city or multiple cities stated"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1821,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":0},"0no city or multiple cities stated"]
["Harling, Richard",1999,"London's health: a role for the new mayor",null,"y",null,null,"journal article","health",1,0,2,null,0,null,5,0,1,"london",115,{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1822,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,2,FALSE)","v":"London"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP($T1822,'Master List Codings'!$Q$12:$S$1048576,3,FALSE)","v":"england"},"englandLondon",3,3,0]
[{"$nulls":7}," "]

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[{"$nulls":16},"city codes up to 239 search on 4th July 2018",{"$nulls":4},"http://world-statistics.org/index-pop.php (accessed 4th July 2018)"]
[{"$nulls":16},"city codes from 240 t0 329 searched on 26 Sept 2019",{"$nulls":4},"http://world-statistics.org/index-pop.php"]
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[{"$nulls":21},"accessed 4th July 2018 and 26th Septebmer 2019"]
[{"$nulls":21},"latest available used"]
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[]
[null,"2nd Level of Coding of the Issue",{"$nulls":3},"communicable (1=yes, 2=no)",{"$nulls":25},"Country and Continent Coding Master Table"]
["#","Key word",null,"Full description / definition","Code number",null,null,"Categories of What was done",null,null,"Target Population Coding",null,null,"How' They did Intervention",null,null,"city coding",null,"Country","Lookup"," ","population","Year","from  world stats website","data source","Date population accessed","Number of times city referenced","city coding","Country Coding",null,null,"Country coding",null,"Country","Continent ",null,"Continent Key:"]
[1,0,"health","health in the broadest sense",{"$f":"B12","v":0},2,null,0,"not stated or nothing",null,0,"general population",null,0,"not stated",null,0,"no city or multiple cities stated",{"$nulls":8},{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q12)","v":482},{"$f":"Q12","v":0},{"$nulls":3},0,"no city or multiple countries stated",{"$f":"AF12","v":0},0,null,"0 not stated"]
[2,1,"Obesity","Obesity",{"$f":"B13","v":1},2,null,1,"education/support program  ",null,1,"CYP (upto 18 years)",null,1,"policy",null,1,"Aba","nigeria",{"$f":"+S13&R13","v":"nigeriaAba"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T13,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"NigeriaAba"},{"v":500000,"d":"500,000"},null,"y","from abstract","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q13)","v":1},{"$f":"Q13","v":1},{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S13,$AG$12:$AI$127,2,FALSE)","v":41},null,null,1,"USA",{"$f":"AF13","v":1},1,null,"1 north america"]
[3,2,"HIV","HIV / AIDS",2,1,"y",2,"change to physcial environment   ",null,2,"Adults",null,2,"collaboration",null,2,"Ahmadabad","India","IndiaAhmadabad",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T14,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"IndiaAhmadabad"},{"v":6357693,"d":"6,357,693"},2011,"y","The Office of Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q14)","v":1},2,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S14,$AG$12:$AI$127,2,FALSE)","v":7},null,null,2,"Canada",2,1,null,"2 south america"]
[4,3,"health inequalities","Health-inequal",3,2,null,3,"service reform",null,3,"african, asian  & caribbean  americans",null,3,"service reform",null,3,"Alkmaar","netherlands","netherlandsAlkmaar",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T15,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":94505,"d":"94,505"},2013,"y","CBS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q15)","v":2},3,30,null,null,3,"England",3,3,null,"3 europe"]
[5,4,"diet","diet (inc food security)",4,2,null,4,"Digital/IT/Data    ",null,4,"chinese",null,4,"law",null,4,"amsterdam","netherlands","netherlandsamsterdam",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T16,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"NetherlandsAmsterdam"},{"v":1093832,"d":"1,093,832"},2013,"y","CBS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q16)","v":11},4,30,null,null,4,"Spain",4,3,null,"4 asia"]
[6,5,"Asthma   ","Asthma   ",5,2,null,5,"was Policy - but reviewed and changed these Oct 2018 (as policy is a 'how' not a what   ",null,5,"vulnerable population",null,5,"city health (or other) dept",null,5,"antwerp","belgium","belgiumantwerp",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T17,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BelgiumAntwerp"},{"v":507911,"d":"507,911"},2013,"y","Statistics Belgium","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q17)","v":2},5,{"$error":"#N/A"},null,null,5,"China",5,4,null,"5 australia"]
[7,6,"communicable disease","Communicable diseases (eg Hepatitis, typhoid, water borne gastroenteritis. Not HIV (if only HIV))",6,1,"y",6,"was Legislation - but as above reviewed and changed as legislation a how not what   ",null,6,"Asthma population",null,6,"fiscal levers - taxation / payment / commissioning ",1,6,"INTENTIONALLY BLANK",null,"INTENTIONALLY BLANK",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T18,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}}," ",{"$nulls":4},{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q18)","v":0},6," ",null,null,6,"Columbia",6,2,null,"6 africa"]
[8,7,"smoking  ","smoking  ",7,2,null,7,"comprehensive   ",null,7,"Older people",null,7,"research",null,7,"Asheville","USA","USAAsheville",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T19,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAAsheville"},{"v":83393,"d":"83,393"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q19)","v":1},7,1,null,null,7,"India",7,4,null,"7 antartica"]
[0,8,"health inequalities","health inequalities (Count with 3)",8,2,null,8,"was taxation / payment reform but changed as is a how                              ",null,8,"Homeless",null,8,"national, federal, philanthropic, chairty, funding",null,8,"Atlanta","USA","USAAtlanta",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T20,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAAtlanta"},{"v":420003,"d":"420,003"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q20)","v":1},8,1,null,null,8,"Argentina",8,2,null,"8 global"]
[9,9,"diabetes","diabetes",9,2,null,9,"research      ",null,9,"Drugs and Alcohol Addicts",null,9,"WHO Healthy cities",null,9,"auckland","New Zealand","New Zealandauckland",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T21,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"New ZealandAuckland"},{"v":1415550,"d":"1,415,550"},2013,"y","Statistics New Zealand","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q21)","v":4},9,40,null,null,9,"Australia",9,5]
[10,10,"active travel","active travel",10,2,null,10,"other",null,10,"Deprived",null,10,"WHO  ",null,10,"Ayutthaya","Thailand","ThailandAyutthaya",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T22,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":870671,"d":"870,671"},2010,"y","NSO","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q22)","v":1},10,56,null,null,10,"Austria",10,3]
[11,11,"workplace health","workplace health",11,2,{"$nulls":4},11,"low income",null,11,"Standford 5 City Project",null,11,"baltimore","USA","USAbaltimore",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T23,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USABaltimore"},{"v":620961,"d":"620,961"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q23)","v":54},11,1,null,null,11,"Belguim",11,3]
[12,12,"breast cancer","breast cancer / breast cancer screening",12,2,{"$nulls":10},12,"Bengaluru","India","IndiaBengaluru",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T24,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"IndiaBengaluru"},{"v":22523301,"d":"22,523,301"},2011,"y","The Office of Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q24)","v":1},12,7,null,null,12,"Bolivia",12,2]
[13,13,"Drugs and Alcohol","Drugs and Alcohol",13,2,{"$nulls":10},13,"Barcelona","spain","spainBarcelona",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T25,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"SpainBarcelona"},{"v":1611822,"d":"1,611,822"},2011,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q25)","v":12},13,4,null,null,13,"Bosnia",13,3]
[14,14,"breast feeding","breast feeding",14,2,{"$nulls":10},14,"Baton Rouge","usa","usaBaton Rouge",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T26,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USABaton Rouge"},{"v":229493,"d":"229,493"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q26)","v":1},14,1,null,null,14,"Brazil",14,2]
[15,15,"colorectal cancer","colorectal cancer",15,2,{"$nulls":10},15,"Belgrade","serbia","serbiaBelgrade",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T27,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"SerbiaBelgrade"},{"v":1659440,"d":"1,659,440"},2011,"y","SORS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q27)","v":1},15,51,null,null,15,"Great Britain / United Kingdom (UK)",15,3]
[16,16,"air quality","air quality",16,2,{"$nulls":10},16,"Belo Horizonte","brazil","brazilBelo Horizonte",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T28,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilBelo Horizonte"},{"v":2375444,"d":"2,375,444"},2010,"y","Ibge","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q28)","v":4},16,14,null,null,16,"Bulgaria",16,3]
[17,17,"blood","blood donation / transfusion / pressure / hypertension",17,2,null,"definition of comprehensive - 2 or more of the above or ",{"$nulls":8},17,"Biratnagar","nepal","nepalBiratnagar",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T29,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"NepalBiratnagar"},{"v":201125,"d":"201,125"},2011,"y","CBS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q29)","v":1},17,39,null,null,17,"Canada",17,1]
[18,18,"cardiac arrest","cardiac arrest",18,2,null,"its ays its omprehensve",{"$nulls":5},"Notes: These codings are not mutually exclusive and could contain all elements.  Where more than one identified in the title / abstract review then the primary/strongest Is recorded.",null,null,18,"Birmingham","england","englandBirmingham",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T30,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandBirmingham"},{"v":1073045,"d":"1,073,045"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q30)","v":6},18,3,null,null,18,"Czech Republic",18,3]
[19,19,"stroke care","stroke care",19,2,{"$nulls":10},19,"Bloomington","USA","USABloomington",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T31,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USABloomington"},{"v":80405,"d":"80,405"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q31)","v":1},19,1,null,null,19,"Chille",19,2]
[20,20,"chlamydia screening","chlamydia screening",20,1,"y",{"$nulls":9},20,"bogota","Colombia","Colombiabogota",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T32,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ColombiaBogota"},{"v":6778691,"d":"6,778,691"},2005,"y","DANE","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q32)","v":4},20,{"$error":"#N/A"},null,null,20,"China",20,4]
[0,21,"EMPTY","EMPTY",21,2,{"$nulls":10},21,"Boise","USA","USABoise",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T33,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USABoise"},{"v":205671,"d":"205,671"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q33)","v":1},21,1,null,null,21,"Columbia",21,2]
[21,22,"cancer","cancer / cancer screening",22,2,{"$nulls":10},22,"Bordeaux","france","franceBordeaux",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T34,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"FranceBordeaux"},{"v":249712,"d":"249,712"},2015,"y","Insee","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q34)","v":1},22,27,null,null,22,"Croatia",22,3]
[22,23,"emergency","emergency services / care",23,2,{"$nulls":10},23,"boston","usa","usaboston",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T35,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USABoston"},{"v":617594,"d":"617,594"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q35)","v":9},23,1,null,null,23,"Denmark",23,3]
[0,24,"NOTHING","NOTHING",24,2,{"$nulls":10},24,"Boulder","usa","usaBoulder",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T36,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USABoulder"},{"v":97385,"d":"97,385"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q36)","v":1},24,1,null,null,24,"England",24,3]
[23,25,"Mental Health","Mental Health",25,2,{"$nulls":10},25,"Bradford","england","englandBradford",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T37,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandBradford"},{"v":522452,"d":"522,452"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q37)","v":3},25,3,null,null,25,"Ethiopia",25,6]
[24,26,"cardiovascular","cardiovascular / coronary heart",26,2,{"$nulls":10},26,"Bremen","germany","germanyBremen",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T38,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"GermanyBremen"},{"v":650863,"d":"650,863"},2011,"y","Destatis","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q38)","v":1},26,28,null,null,26,"Finland",26,3]
[25,27,"oral","Oral Health / Dental",27,2,{"$nulls":10},27,"Buenos Aires","argentina","argentinaBuenos Aires",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T39,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ArgentinaBuenos Aires"},{"v":15625084,"d":"15,625,084"},2010,"y","Indec","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q39)","v":5},27,8,null,null,27,"France",27,3]
[0,28,"diet (same as number 4)","diet (inc food security)",28,2,{"$nulls":10},28,"Buffalo","USA","USABuffalo",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T40,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USABuffalo"},{"v":261310,"d":"261,310"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q40)","v":1},28,1,null,null,28,"Germany",28,3]
[26,29,"physical inactivity","physical inactivity",29,2,{"$nulls":10},29,"Bunbury","Australia","AustraliaBunbury",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T41,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"AustraliaBunbury"},{"v":64385,"d":"64,385"},2011,"y","ABS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q41)","v":1},29,9,null,null,29,"Greece",29,3]
[27,30,"heart attack","heart attack",30,2,{"$nulls":10},30,"Buraydah","saudi arabia","saudi arabiaBuraydah",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T42,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"Saudi ArabiaBuraydah"},{"v":614093,"d":"614,093"},2010,"y","CDSI","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q42)","v":1},30,49,null,null,30,"netherlands",30,3]
[28,31,"COPD","COPD",31,2,{"$nulls":10},31,"Caceres","brazil","brazilCaceres",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T43,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilCaceres"},{"v":87912,"d":"87,912"},2010,"y","Ibge","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q43)","v":1},31,14,null,null,31,"Honduras",31,2]
[29,32,"dementia","dementia",32,2,{"$nulls":10},32,"Kolkata","india","indiaKolkata",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T44,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"IndiaKolkata"},{"v":4496694,"d":"4,496,694"},2011,"y","The Office of Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q44)","v":1},32,7,null,1,32,"deliberately blank - can be used",32,0]
[30,33,"epilepsy","epilepsy",33,2,{"$nulls":10},33,"Calgary","canada","canadaCalgary",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T45,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaCalgary"},{"v":1392609,"d":"1,392,609"},2016,"y","Statistics Canada","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q45)","v":3},33,2,null,null,33,"Iran",33,4]
[31,34,"TB","TB",34,1,"Y",{"$nulls":9},34,"Cali","Colombia","ColombiaCali",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T46,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ColombiaCali"},{"v":2075380,"d":"2,075,380"},2005,"y","DANE","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q46)","v":2},34,{"$error":"#N/A"},null,null,34,"Italy",34,3]
[32,35,"information","data / information sharing",35,2,{"$nulls":10},35,"California","USA","USACalifornia",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T47,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USACalifornia"},null,null," ",null,null,{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q47)","v":6},35," ",null,null,35,"Japan",35,4]
[33,36,"green","green spaces / trees",36,2,{"$nulls":10},36,"Camaragibe","Brazil","BrazilCamaragibe",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T48,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":144506,"d":"144,506"},2010,"y","Ibge","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q48)","v":1},36,14,null,2,36,"deliberately blank - can be used",36,0]
[34,37,"child","infant / child and maternal health and mortality",37,2,{"$nulls":10},37,"Cambridge","usa","usaCambridge",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T49,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USACambridge"},{"v":105162,"d":"105,162"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q49)","v":1},37,1,null,null,37,"Mexico",37,2]
[35,38,"quality of primary care","quality of primary (inc community and ambulance) care",38,2,{"$nulls":10},38,"Camden","usa","usaCamden",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T50,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USACamden"},{"v":77344,"d":"77,344"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q50)","v":5},38,1,null,null,38,"Namibia",38,6]
[36,39,"quality of hospital care","Quality of Hospital (Secondary and Tertiary) Care",39,2,{"$nulls":10},39,"Capua","italy","italyCapua",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T51,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":19036,"d":"19,036"},2011,"y","Istat","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q51)","v":1},39,34,null,null,39,"Nepal",39,4]
[37,40,"quality of healthcare","Quality of healthcare (all/any healthcare)",40,2,{"$nulls":10},40,"Cartagena","Colombia","ColombiaCartagena",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T52,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ColombiaCartagena"},{"v":895400,"d":"895,400"},2005,"y","DANE","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q52)","v":3},40,{"$error":"#N/A"},null,null,40,"New Zealand",40,5]
[38,41,"infectious diseases","Infectious diseases (Flu, bubonic plague, small pox, poliomyelitis) and infection control",41,1,"y",{"$nulls":9},41,"Casablanca","chile","chileCasablanca",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T53,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":26867,"d":"26,867"},2017,"n","https://www.citypopulation.de/php/chile-admin.php?adm2id=05102","5.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q53)","v":2},41,{"$error":"#N/A"},null,null,41,"Nigeria",41,6]
[39,42,"immunisation","Immunization / vaccinations",42,1,{"$nulls":10},42,"Ceara","brazil","brazilCeara",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T54,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":67844,"d":"67,844"},2010,"y","Ibge","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q54)","v":1},42,14,null,null,42,"Norway",42,3]
[40,43,"lead / metals poisoning","lead / metals poisoning",43,2,{"$nulls":10},43,"Caceres","brazil","brazilCaceres",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T55,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilCaceres"},{"v":74064,"d":"74,064"},2010,"n","https://www.citypopulation.de/php/brazil-matogrosso.php?cityid=510250405","5.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q55)","v":1},43,14,null,null,43,"Pakistan",43,4]
[41,44,"accident","accident and injury prevention and voilence reduction and suicide",44,2,{"$nulls":10},44,"Changde","china","chinaChangde",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T56,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaChangde"},{"v":5714623,"d":"5,714,623"},2010,"y","NBS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q56)","v":1},44,5,null,null,44,"Panama",44,2]
[42,45,"palliative care","palliative care",45,2,{"$nulls":10},45,"Chania","greece","greeceChania",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T57,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"GreeceChania"},{"v":108642,"d":"108,642"},2011,"y","ELSTAT","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q57)","v":1},45,29,null,null,45,"Peru",45,2]
[43,46,"integration","integration of care",46,2,{"$nulls":10},46,"Charlotte","usa","usaCharlotte",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T58,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USACharlotte"},{"v":731424,"d":"731,424"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q58)","v":4},46,1,null,null,46,"Portugal",46,3]
[44,47,"sexual health","sexual health (inc teenage pregnancy)",47,2,{"$nulls":10},47,"Charlottesville","usa","usaCharlottesville",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T59,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USACharlottesville"},{"v":43475,"d":"43,475"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q59)","v":1},47,1,null,null,47,"Russia",47,3]
[0,48," NOTHING"," NOTHING",48,2,{"$nulls":10},48,"Chennai","India","IndiaChennai",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T60,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"IndiaChennai"},{"v":8653521,"d":"8,653,521"},2011,"y","The Office of Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q60)","v":1},48,7,null,null,48,"Sudan",48,6]
[45,49,"Others (worms)","Others (worms)",49,2,{"$nulls":10},49,"Chester","england","englandChester",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T61,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandChester"},{"v":329608,"d":"329,608"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q61)","v":5},49,3,null,null,49,"Saudi Arabia",49,4]
[46,50,"Chronic Diseases  (ie, stated chronic of had more than one of diabetes, obesity, cv etc)","Chronic Diseases  (ie, stated chronic of had more than one of diabetes, obesity, cv etc)",50,2,{"$nulls":10},50,"chicago","USA","USAchicago",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T62,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAChicago"},{"v":2695598,"d":"2,695,598"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q62)","v":18},50,1,null,null,50,"Scotland",50,3]
[47,51,"Social Determinents of Health","Social Determinents of Health",51,2,{"$nulls":10},51,"Cleveland","usa","usaCleveland",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T63,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USACleveland"},{"v":396815,"d":"396,815"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q63)","v":4},51,1,null,null,51,"Serbia",51,3]
[null,52,null,null,52,{"$nulls":10},2,52,"INTENTIONALLY BLANK",null,"INTENTIONALLY BLANK",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T64,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q64)","v":0},52," ",null,null,52,"Singapore",52,4]
[null,53,null,null,53,{"$nulls":10},3,53,"INTENTIONALLY BLANK",null,"INTENTIONALLY BLANK",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T65,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":5},{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q65)","v":0},53," ",null,null,53,"South Africa",53,6]
[null,54,null,null,54,{"$nulls":11},54,"Columbus","USA","USAColumbus",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T66,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAColumbus"},{"v":787033,"d":"787,033"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q66)","v":2},54,1,null,null,54,"Sweden",54,3]
[null,55,null,null,55,{"$nulls":11},55,"Copenhagen","denmark","denmarkCopenhagen",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T67,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"DenmarkCopenhagen"},{"v":572376,"d":"572,376"},2014,"y","Statistics Denmark","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q67)","v":3},55,23,null,null,55,"Taiwan",55,4]
[null,56,null,null,56,{"$nulls":11},56,"Curitiba","brazil","brazilCuritiba",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T68,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilCuritiba"},{"v":1746896,"d":"1,746,896"},2010,"y","Ibge","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q68)","v":1},56,14,null,null,56,"Thailand",56,4]
[null,57,null,null,57,{"$nulls":11},57,"Nyala (Darfur)","sudan","sudanNyala (Darfur)",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T69,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":565734,"d":"565,734"},2018,"n","http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/cities/","5.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q69)","v":1},57,48,null,null,57,"Turkey",57,3]
[null,58,null,null,58,{"$nulls":11},58,"Davis","USA","USADavis",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T70,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USADavis"},{"v":65622,"d":"65,622"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q70)","v":1},58,1,null,null,58,"United Arab Emirates",58,4]
[null,59,null,null,59,{"$nulls":11},59,"Denizli","turkey","turkeyDenizli",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T71,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"TurkeyDenizli"},{"v":1018735,"d":"1,018,735"},2017,"y","Turkstat","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q71)","v":1},59,57,null,null,59,"Uganda",59,6]
[null,60,null,null,60,{"$nulls":11},60,"Denver","usa","usaDenver",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T72,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USADenver"},{"v":600158,"d":"600,158"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q72)","v":4},60,1,null,null,60,"Vietnam",60,4]
[null,61,null,null,61,{"$nulls":11},61,"Derby","england","englandDerby",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T73,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandDerby"},{"v":248752,"d":"248,752"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q73)","v":1},61,3,null,null,61,"West Sumatra",61,4]
[null,62,null,null,62,{"$nulls":11},62,"Detroit","usa","usaDetroit",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T74,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USADetroit"},{"v":713777,"d":"713,777"},2010,"y","USCB","10.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q74)","v":4},62,1,null,null,62,"kenya",62,6]
[null,63,null,null,63,{"$nulls":10},4,63,"INTENTIONALLY BLANK"," "," INTENTIONALLY BLANK",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T75,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}}," "," "," ",null,null,{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q75)","v":0},63," ",null,null,63,"korea",63,4]
[null,64,null,null,64,{"$nulls":11},64,"Dunedin","New Zealand","New ZealandDunedin",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T76,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"New ZealandDunedin"},{"v":120246,"d":"120,246"},2013,"y","Statistics New Zealand","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q76)","v":1},64,40,null,null,64,"Mongolia",64,4]
[null,65,null,null,{"$f":"B77","v":65},{"$nulls":11},65,"Durham","usa",{"$f":"+S77&R77","v":"usaDurham"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T77,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USADurham"},{"v":228330,"d":"228,330"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q77)","v":1},{"$f":"Q77","v":65},1,null,null,65,"Ecuador",{"$f":"AF77","v":65},2]
[null,66,null,null,66,{"$nulls":11},66,"Edinburgh","England","EnglandEdinburgh",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T78,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandEdinburgh"},{"v":476626,"d":"476,626"},2011,"y","NRS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q78)","v":1},66,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S78,$AG$12:$AI$127,2,FALSE)","v":3},null,null,66,"Oman",66,4]
[null,67,null,null,67,{"$nulls":11},67,"Yekaterinburg","russia","russiaYekaterinburg",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T79,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"RussiaYekaterinburg"},{"v":1383179,"d":"1,383,179"},2010,"y","Federal State Statistics Service","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q79)","v":1},67,47,null,null,67,"afganistan",67,4]
[null,68,null,null,68,{"$nulls":11},68,"Embu das Artes","brazil","brazilEmbu das Artes",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T80,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":240007,"d":"240,007"},2010,"y","lbge","10.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q80)","v":1},68,14,null,null,68,"Bangaladesh",68,4]
[null,69,null,null,69,{"$nulls":11},69,"Fall River","USA","USAFall River",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T81,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAFall River"},{"v":88857,"d":"88,857"},2010,"y","USCB","10.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q81)","v":1},69,1,null,null,69,"Egypt",69,4]
[null,70,null,null,70,{"$nulls":11},70,"Erlanger","USA","USAErlanger",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T82,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAErlanger"},{"v":18082,"d":"18,082"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q82)","v":1},70,1,null,null,70,"Botswana",70]
[null,71,null,null,71,{"$nulls":11},71,"El Paso","USA","USAEl Paso",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T83,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAEl Paso"},{"v":649121,"d":"649,121"},2010,"y","USCB","10.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q83)","v":1},71,1,null,null,71,"Indonesia",71,4]
[null,72,null,null,72,{"$nulls":11},72,"Flint","usa","usaFlint",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T84,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAFlint"},{"v":102434,"d":"102,434"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q84)","v":1},72,1,null,null,72,"israel",72,4]
[null,73,null,null,73,{"$nulls":11},73,"Francisco Morato","brazil","brazilFrancisco Morato",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T85,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":154538,"d":"154,538"},2010,"y","Ibge","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q85)","v":1},73,14,null,null,73,"Iraq",73,4]
[null,74,null,null,74,{"$nulls":11},74,"fukuoka","japan","japanfukuoka",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T86,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"JapanFukuoka"},{"v":1463743,"d":"1,463,743"},2010,"y","Statistics Japan","10.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q86)","v":2},74,35,null,null,74,"malawi",74,6]
[null,75,null,null,75,{"$nulls":11},75,"Geelong","Australia","AustraliaGeelong",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T87,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"AustraliaGeelong"},{"v":143921,"d":"143,921"},2011,"y","ABS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q87)","v":7},75,9,null,null,75,"Liberia",75,6]
[null,76,null,null,76,{"$nulls":11},76,"Atlanta","usa","usaAtlanta",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T88,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAAtlanta"},{"v":9687653,"d":"9,687,653"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q88)","v":1},76,1,null,null,76,"morocco",76,6]
[null,77,null,null,77,{"$nulls":11},77,"Garden City","usa","usaGarden City",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T89,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAGarden City"},{"v":26658,"d":"26,658"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q89)","v":1},77,1,null,null,77,"armenia",77,3]
[null,78,null,null,78,{"$nulls":11},78,"Glasgow","England","EnglandGlasgow",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T90,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandGlasgow"},{"v":593245,"d":"593,245"},2011,"y","NRS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q90)","v":18},78,3,null,null,78,"Wales",78,3]
[null,79,null,null,79,{"$nulls":11},79,"Gloucester","england","englandGloucester",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T91,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandGloucester"},{"v":121688,"d":"121,688"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q91)","v":1},79,3,null,null,79,"Ukraine",79,3]
[null,80,null,null,80,{"$nulls":11},80,"Gothenburg","sweden","swedenGothenburg",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T92,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":533271,"d":"533,271"},2013,"y","Statistics Sweden ","10.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q92)","v":1},80,54,null,null,80,"Lithuania",80,3]
[null,81,null,null,81,{"$nulls":11},81,"Grand Rapids","usa","usaGrand Rapids",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T93,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAGrand Rapids"},{"v":188040,"d":"188,040"},2010,"y","USCB","10.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q93)","v":1},81,1,null,null,81,"Sierra Leone",81,6]
[null,82,null,null,82,{"$nulls":11},82,"Haimen City","china","chinaHaimen City",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T94,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":907598,"d":"907,598"},2010,"y","NBS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q94)","v":1},82,5,null,null,82,"Mali",82,6]
[null,83,null,null,83,{"$nulls":11},83,"Granollers","spain","spainGranollers",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T95,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":59753,"d":"59,753"},2013,"Y","INE","10.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q95)","v":2},83,4,null,null,83,null,83]
[null,84,null,null,84,{"$nulls":11},84,"Hamburg","germany","germanyHamburg",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T96,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"GermanyHamburg"},{"v":1706696,"d":"1,706,696"},2011,"y","Destatis","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q96)","v":6},84,28,null,null,84,null,84]
[null,85,null,null,85,{"$nulls":11},85,"Guangzhou","china","chinaGuangzhou",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T97,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaGuangzhou"},{"v":12701948,"d":"12,701,948"},2010,"y","NBS","10.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q97)","v":3},85,5,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,86,null,null,86,{"$nulls":11},86,"Hamilton","canada","canadaHamilton",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T98,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaHamilton"},{"v":747545,"d":"747,545"},2016,"y","Statistics Canada","10.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q98)","v":5},86,2,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,87,null,null,87,{"$nulls":11},87,"Hangzhou","china","chinaHangzhou",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T99,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaHangzhou"},{"v":8700373,"d":"8,700,373"},2010,"y","NBS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q99)","v":3},87,5,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,88,null,null,88,{"$nulls":10},5,88,"INTENTIONALLY BLANK"," "," INTENTIONALLY BLANK",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T100,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}}," "," "," ",null,null,{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q100)","v":1},88," ",{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,89,null,null,89,{"$nulls":11},89,"Helsinki","finland","finlandHelsinki",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T101,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"FinlandHelsinki"},{"v":612664,"d":"612,664"},2014,"y","Statistics Finland","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q101)","v":4},89,26,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,90,null,null,90,{"$nulls":11},90,"Hartford","usa","usaHartford",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T102,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAHartford"},{"v":124775,"d":"124,775"},2010,"y","USCB","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q102)","v":1},90,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,91,null,null,91,{"$nulls":11},91,"Hong Kong","china","chinaHong Kong",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T103,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":6708389,"d":"6,708,389"},2010,"y","NBS","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q103)","v":11},91,5,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,92,null,null,92,{"$nulls":11},92,"Hull","england","englandHull",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T104,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":256406,"d":"256,406"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q104)","v":3},92,3,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,93,null,null,93,{"$nulls":11},93,"Hohhot","china","chinaHohhot",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T105,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaHohhot"},{"v":2866615,"d":"2,866,615"},2010,"y","NBS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q105)","v":1},93,5,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,94,null,null,94,{"$nulls":11},94,"Indiana","usa","usaIndiana",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T106,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAIndiana"},{"v":6483802,"d":"6,483,802"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q106)","v":1},94,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,95,null,null,95,{"$nulls":11},95,"Houston","usa","usaHouston",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T107,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAHouston"},{"v":2099451,"d":"2,099,451"},2010,"y","USCB","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q107)","v":2},95,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,96,null,null,96,{"$nulls":11},96,"Horsens","denmark","denmarkHorsens",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T108,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":85911,"d":"85,911"},2014,"y","Statistics Denmark","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q108)","v":1},96,23,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,97,null,null,97,{"$nulls":11},97,"Henderson","usa","usaHenderson",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T109,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAHenderson"},{"v":6483802,"d":"6,483,802"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q109)","v":1},97,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,98,null,null,98,{"$nulls":11},98,"Indore","india","indiaIndore",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T110,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"IndiaIndore"},{"v":1964086,"d":"1,964,086"},2011,"y","The Office of Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q110)","v":1},98,7,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,99,null,null,99,{"$nulls":11},99,"Isfahan","iran","iranIsfahan",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T111,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":1756000,"d":"1,756,000"},2011,"n","UN","10.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q111)","v":4},99,33,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,100,null,null,100,{"$nulls":11},100,"Jinju","korea","koreaJinju",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T112,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":337230,"d":"337,230"},2010,"y","Statistics Korea","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q112)","v":1},100,63,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,101,null,null,101,{"$nulls":11},101,"Kansas City","usa","usaKansas City",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T113,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAKansas City"},{"v":2853118,"d":"2,853,118"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q113)","v":11},101,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,102,null,null,102,{"$nulls":11},102,"Jackson","usa","usaJackson",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T114,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAJackson"},{"v":33534,"d":"33,534"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q114)","v":1},102,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,103,null,null,103,{"$nulls":11},103,"Istanbul","turkey","turkeyIstanbul",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T115,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"TurkeyIstanbul"},{"v":15029231,"d":"15,029,231"},2017,"y","Turkstat","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q115)","v":1},103,57,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,104,null,null,104,{"$nulls":11},104,"Jinchang","china","chinaJinchang",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T116,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaJinchang"},{"v":464050,"d":"464,050"},2010,"y","NBS","10.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q116)","v":1},104,5,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,105,null,null,105,{"$nulls":11},105,"Kanazawa","japan","japanKanazawa",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T117,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"JapanKanazawa"},{"v":462361,"d":"462,361"},2010,"y","Statistics Japan","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q117)","v":1},105,35,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,106,null,null,106,{"$nulls":11},106,"Kampala","uganda","ugandaKampala",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T118,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"UgandaKampala"},{"v":1516210,"d":"1,516,210"},2014,"y","UBS (Prel. results)","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q118)","v":3},106,59,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,107,null,null,107,{"$nulls":11},107,"Kassel","germany","germanyKassel",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T119,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"GermanyKassel"},{"v":234933,"d":"234,933"},2011,"y","Destatis","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q119)","v":1},107,28,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,108,null,null,108,{"$nulls":11},108,"Kurume","japan","japanKurume",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T120,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":302402,"d":"302,402"},2010,"y","Statistics Japan","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q120)","v":1},108,35,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,109,null,null,109,{"$nulls":11},109,"Gwachon","korea","koreaGwachon",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T121,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":66323,"d":"66,323"},2010,"y","Statistics Korea","10.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q121)","v":1},109,63,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,110,null,null,110,{"$nulls":11},110,"Lisbon","portugal","portugalLisbon",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T122,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"PortugalLisbon"},{"v":547733,"d":"547,733"},2011,"y","INE","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q122)","v":3},110,46,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,111,null,null,111,{"$nulls":11},111,"Leicester","england","englandLeicester",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T123,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandLeicester"},{"v":329839,"d":"329,839"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q123)","v":6},111,3,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,112,null,null,112,{"$nulls":11},112,"Liverpool","england","englandLiverpool",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T124,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandLiverpool"},{"v":466415,"d":"466,415"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q124)","v":10},112,3,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,113,null,null,113,{"$nulls":11},113,"Leeds","england","englandLeeds",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T125,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandLeeds"},{"v":751485,"d":"751,485"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q125)","v":3},113,3,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,114,null,null,114,{"$nulls":11},114,"Lexington","usa","usaLexington",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T126,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USALexington"},{"v":606571,"d":"606,571"},2016,"n","wikipedia US censors","10.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q126)","v":1},114,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,115,null,null,115,{"$nulls":11},115,"London","england","englandLondon",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T127,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandLondon"},{"v":8173941,"d":"8,173,941"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q127)","v":54},115,3,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,116,null,null,116,{"$nulls":11},116,"London","canada","canadaLondon",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T128,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaLondon"},{"v":494069,"d":"494,069"},2016,"y","Statistics Canada","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q128)","v":2},116,2,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,117,null,null,117,{"$nulls":11},117,"Londrina","brazil","brazilLondrina",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T129,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilLondrina"},{"v":506645,"d":"506,645"},2010,"y","Ibge","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q129)","v":2},117,14,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,118,null,null,118,{"$nulls":11},118,"Los Angeles","usa","usaLos Angeles",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T130,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USALos Angeles"},{"v":3792621,"d":"3,792,621"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q130)","v":5},118,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,119,null,null,119,{"$nulls":11},119,"Madison","usa","usaMadison",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T131,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAMadison"},{"v":233209,"d":"233,209"},2010,"y","USCB","13.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q131)","v":1},119,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,120,null,null,120,{"$nulls":11},120,"Maastricht","netherlands","netherlandsMaastricht",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T132,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"NetherlandsMaastricht"},{"v":121819,"d":"121,819"},2013,"y","CBS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q132)","v":2},120,30,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,121,null,null,121,{"$nulls":11},121,"Louisville","usa","usaLouisville",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T133,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USALouisville"},{"v":615366,"d":"615,366"},2015,"n","census from http://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/louisville-population/","13.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q133)","v":1},121,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,122,null,null,122,{"$nulls":11},122,"Lyon","france","franceLyon",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T134,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"FranceLyon"},{"v":495000,"d":"495,000"},2015,"n","http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/lyon-population/","13.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q134)","v":1},122,27,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,123,null,null,123,{"$nulls":11},123,"Madrid","spain","spainMadrid",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T135,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"SpainMadrid"},{"v":3207247,"d":"3,207,247"},2013,"y","INE","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q135)","v":5},123,4,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,124,null,null,124,{"$nulls":11},124,"Mannheim","germany","germanyMannheim",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T136,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"GermanyMannheim"},{"v":290117,"d":"290,117"},2011,"y","Destatis","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q136)","v":2},124,28,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,125,null,null,125,{"$nulls":11},125,"Manchester","england","englandManchester",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T137,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandManchester"},{"v":2682528,"d":"2,682,528"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q137)","v":6},125,3,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,126,null,null,126,{"$nulls":11},126,"Matsuura","japan","japanMatsuura",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T138,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":25145,"d":"25,145"},2010,"y","Statistics Japan","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q138)","v":3},126,35,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,127,null,null,127,{"$nulls":11},127,"Mexico City","mexico","mexicoMexico City",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T139,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"MexicoMexico City"},{"v":8918653,"d":"8,918,653"},2016,"n","http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/mexico-city-population/","13.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q139)","v":17},{"$f":"Q139","v":127},37,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,128,null,null,128,{"$nulls":11},128,"Memphis","usa","usaMemphis",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T140,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAMemphis"},{"v":646889,"d":"646,889"},2010,"Y","USCB","13.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q140)","v":2},128,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,129,null,null,{"$f":"B141","v":129},{"$nulls":11},129,"Mexicali","mexico",{"$f":"+S141&R141","v":"mexicoMexicali"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T141,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"MexicoMexicali"},{"v":936826,"d":"936,826"},2010,"y","INEGI","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q141)","v":2},{"$f":"Q141","v":129},37,{"$nulls":4},{"$f":"AF141","v":0}]
[null,130,null,null,130,{"$nulls":11},130,"Minnesota","usa","usaMinnesota",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T142,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":5303925,"d":"5,303,925"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q142)","v":2},130,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S142,$AG$12:$AI$127,2,FALSE)","v":1},{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,131,null,null,131,{"$nulls":11},131,"Milan","italy","italyMilan",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T143,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ItalyMilan"},{"v":1242123,"d":"1,242,123"},2011,"y","Istat","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q143)","v":1},131,34,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,132,null,null,132,{"$nulls":11},132,"Milwaukee","usa","usaMilwaukee",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T144,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAMilwaukee"},{"v":594833,"d":"594,833"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q144)","v":2},132,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,133,null,null,133,{"$nulls":11},133,"Minneapolis","usa","usaMinneapolis",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T145,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAMinneapolis"},{"v":2032,"d":"2,032"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q145)","v":1},133,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,134,null,null,134,{"$nulls":11},134,"Michigan","usa","usaMichigan",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T146,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":9883640,"d":"9,883,640"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q146)","v":1},134,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,135,null,null,135,{"$nulls":11},135,"Moose Jaw","canada","canadaMoose Jaw",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T147,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaMoose Jaw"},{"v":33617,"d":"33,617"},2011,"n","census quote from https://moosejaw.ca/economic-development/population-demographics","13.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q147)","v":2},135,2,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,136,null,null,136,{"$nulls":11},136,"Montreal","canada","canadaMontreal",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T148,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaMontreal"},{"v":1649519,"d":"1,649,519"},2011,"y","Statistics Canada","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q148)","v":2},136,2,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,137,null,null,137,{"$nulls":11},137,"Moscow","russia","russiaMoscow",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T149,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"RussiaMoscow"},{"v":11503501,"d":"11,503,501"},2010,"y","Federal State Statistics Service","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q149)","v":1},137,47,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,138,null,null,138,{"$nulls":11},138,"Moses Lake","usa","usaMoses Lake",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T150,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAMoses Lake"},{"v":20366,"d":"20,366"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q150)","v":1},138,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,139,null,null,139,{"$nulls":11},139,"Mumbai","india","indiaMumbai",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T151,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"IndiaMumbai"},{"v":12442373,"d":"12,442,373"},2011,"y","The Office of Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India","13.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q151)","v":1},139,7,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,140,null,null,140,{"$nulls":11},140,"Mostar","bosnia","bosniaMostar",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T152,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BosniaMostar"},{"v":105797,"d":"105,797"},2013,"y","BHAS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q152)","v":1},140,13,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,141,null,null,141,{"$nulls":11},141,"New Castle","usa","usaNew Castle",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T153,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USANew Castle"},{"v":18114,"d":"18,114"},2010,"y","USCB","13.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q153)","v":1},141,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,142,null,null,142,{"$nulls":11},142,"Naples","italy","italyNaples",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T154,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ItalyNaples"},{"v":962003,"d":"962,003"},2011,"y","Istat","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q154)","v":1},142,34,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,143,null,null,143,{"$nulls":11},143,"Neuquen","argentina","argentinaNeuquen",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T155,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ArgentinaNeuquen"},{"v":551266,"d":"551,266"},2010,"y","Indec","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q155)","v":1},143,8,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,144,null,null,144,{"$nulls":11},144,"Munich","germany","germanyMunich",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T156,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"GermanyMunich"},{"v":317248,"d":"317,248"},2011,"y","Destatis","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q156)","v":1},144,28,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,145,null,null,145,{"$nulls":11},145,"New Orleans","usa","usaNew Orleans",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T157,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USANew Orleans"},{"v":343829,"d":"343,829"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q157)","v":4},145,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,146,null,null,146,{"$nulls":11},146,"New Ulm","usa","usaNew Ulm",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T158,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USANew Ulm"},{"v":13238,"d":"13,238"},2010,"n","https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newulmcityminnesota/PST045217","13.7.189",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q158)","v":1},146,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,147,null,null,147,{"$nulls":11},147,"New York City","usa","usaNew York City",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T159,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":8175133,"d":"8,175,133"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q159)","v":290},147,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,148,null,null,148,{"$nulls":11},148,"Nottingham","england","englandNottingham",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T160,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandNottingham"},{"v":305680,"d":"305,680"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q160)","v":11},148,3,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,149,null,null,149,{"$nulls":11},149,"Newark","usa","usaNewark",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T161,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USANewark"},{"v":277140,"d":"277,140"},2010,"y","USCB","13.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q161)","v":1},149,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,150,null,null,150,{"$nulls":11},150,"Nuremberg","germany","germanyNuremberg",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T162,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"GermanyNuremberg"},{"v":498900,"d":"498,900"},2013,"n","http://population.city/germany/nuernberg/","13.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q162)","v":3},150,28,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,151,null,null,151,{"$nulls":11},151,"Padang","west sumatra","west sumatraPadang",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T163,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":840352,"d":"840,352"},"not stated","n","https://www.worldatlas.com/as/id/sb/where-is-padang.html","13.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q163)","v":1},151,61,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,152,null,null,152,{"$nulls":11},152,"Panama city","panama","panamaPanama city",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T164,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"PanamaPanama City"},{"v":3405813,"d":"3,405,813"},2010,"y","INEC","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q164)","v":1},152,44,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,153,null,null,153,{"$nulls":11},153,"Ottawa","canada","canadaOttawa",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T165,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaOttawa"},{"v":13448494,"d":"13,448,494"},2016,"y","Statistics Canada","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q165)","v":2},153,2,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,154,null,null,154,{"$nulls":11},154,"Oslo","norway","norwayOslo",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T166,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"NorwayOslo"},{"v":634463,"d":"634,463"},2014,"y","Statistics Norway","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q166)","v":1},154,42,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,155,null,null,155,{"$nulls":11},155,"Odense","denmark","denmarkOdense",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T167,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"DenmarkOdense"},{"v":196090,"d":"196,090"},2014,"y","Statistics Denmark","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q167)","v":1},155,23,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,156,null,null,156,{"$nulls":11},156,"Oklahoma","usa","usaOklahoma",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T168,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":579999,"d":"579,999"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q168)","v":5},156,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,157,null,null,157,{"$nulls":11},157,"Omaha","usa","usaOmaha",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T169,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAOmaha"},{"v":408958,"d":"408,958"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q169)","v":2},157,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,158,null,null,158,{"$nulls":11},158,"Oakland","usa","usaOakland",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T170,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAOakland"},{"v":390724,"d":"390,724"},2010,"y","USCB","13.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q170)","v":1},158,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,159,null,null,159,{"$nulls":11},159,"Orlando","usa","usaOrlando",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T171,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAOrlando"},{"v":238300,"d":"238,300"},2010,"y","USCB","13.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q171)","v":1},159,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,160,null,null,160,{"$nulls":11},160,"Oxford","england","englandOxford",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T172,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandOxford"},{"v":151906,"d":"151,906"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q172)","v":1},160,3,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,161,null,null,161,{"$nulls":11},161,"Paris","france","franceParis",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T173,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"FranceParis"},{"v":2206488,"d":"2,206,488"},2015,"y","Insee","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q173)","v":8},161,27,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,162,null,null,162,{"$nulls":11},162,"Philadelphia","usa","usaPhiladelphia",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T174,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAPhiladelphia"},{"v":1526006,"d":"1,526,006"},2010,"y","USCB","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q174)","v":20},162,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,163,null,null,163,{"$nulls":11},163,"Pietermaritzburg","south africa","south africaPietermaritzburg",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T175,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"South AfricaPietermaritzburg"},{"v":223448,"d":"223,448"},2011,"n","https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/566003","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q175)","v":1},163,53,{"$nulls":4},0]
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[null,165,null,null,165,{"$nulls":11},165,"Pueblo","Colombia","ColombiaPueblo",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T177,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":31754,"d":"31,754"},2005,"y","DANE","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q177)","v":1},165,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,166,null,null,166,{"$nulls":11},166,"Pawtucket","usa","usaPawtucket",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T178,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAPawtucket"},{"v":71148,"d":"71,148"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q178)","v":3},166,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,167,null,null,167,{"$nulls":11},167,"Portland","usa","usaPortland",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T179,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAPortland"},{"v":583776,"d":"583,776"},2010,"y","USCB","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q179)","v":3},167,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,168,null,null,168,{"$nulls":11},168,"Prague","Czechia","CzechiaPrague",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T180,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CzechiaPrague"},{"v":1243201,"d":"1,243,201"},2014,"y","CSO","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q180)","v":1},168,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,169,null,null,169,{"$nulls":11},169,"Patan","nepal","nepalPatan",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T181,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":5217,"d":"5,217"},2011,"y","CBS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q181)","v":1},169,39,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,170,null,null,170,{"$nulls":11},170,"Piacenza","italy","italyPiacenza",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T182,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":100311,"d":"100,311"},2011,"y","Istat","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q182)","v":1},170,34,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,171,null,null,171,{"$nulls":11},171,"Richmond","usa","usaRichmond",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T183,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USARichmond"},{"v":204214,"d":"204,214"},2010,"y","USCB","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q183)","v":4},171,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,172,null,null,172,{"$nulls":11},172,"Red Deer","Canada","CanadaRed Deer",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T184,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaRed Deer"},{"v":100418,"d":"100,418"},2018,"n","http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/red-deer-population/","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q184)","v":3},172,2,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,173,null,null,173,{"$nulls":11},173,"Rotterdam","netherlands","netherlandsRotterdam",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T185,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"NetherlandsRotterdam"},{"v":616294,"d":"616,294"},2013,"y","CBS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q185)","v":9},173,30,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,174,null,null,174,{"$nulls":11},174,"Rochester","usa","usaRochester",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T186,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USARochester"},{"v":210565,"d":"210,565"},2010,"y","USCB","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q186)","v":3},174,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,175,null,null,175,{"$nulls":11},175,"Rome","italy","italyRome",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T187,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ItalyRome"},{"v":2617175,"d":"2,617,175"},2011,"y","Istat","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q187)","v":3},175,34,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,176,null,null,176,{"$nulls":11},176,"Rio Claro","brazil","brazilRio Claro",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T188,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilRio Claro"},{"v":17401,"d":"17,401"},2010,"y","Ibge","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q188)","v":1},176,14,{"$nulls":4},0]
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[null,180,null,null,180,{"$nulls":11},180,"San Francisco","usa","usaSan Francisco",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T192,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USASan Francisco"},{"v":805235,"d":"805,235"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q192)","v":18},180,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
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[null,182,null,null,182,{"$nulls":11},182,"Sao Paulo","brazil","brazilSao Paulo",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T194,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilSao Paulo"},{"v":11244369,"d":"11,244,369"},2010,"y","Ibge","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q194)","v":12},182,14,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,183,null,null,183,{"$nulls":11},183,"Sanliurfa","turkey","turkeySanliurfa",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T195,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"TurkeySanliurfa"},{"v":1985753,"d":"1,985,753"},2017,"y","Turkstat","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q195)","v":1},183,57,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,184,null,null,184,{"$nulls":11},184,"Sanming","china","chinaSanming",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T196,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaSanming"},{"v":2503388,"d":"2,503,388"},2010,"y","NBS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q196)","v":2},184,5,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,185,null,null,185,{"$nulls":11},185,"Salvador","brazil","brazilSalvador",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T197,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilSalvador"},{"v":2676606,"d":"2,676,606"},2010,"y","Ibge","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q197)","v":2},185,14,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,186,null,null,186,{"$nulls":11},186,"Salt Lake City","usa","usaSalt Lake City",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T198,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USASalt Lake City"},{"v":186440,"d":"186,440"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q198)","v":4},186,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,187,null,null,187,{"$nulls":11},187,"Salford","england","englandSalford",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T199,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandSalford"},{"v":233933,"d":"233,933"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q199)","v":3},187,3,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,188,null,null,188,{"$nulls":11},188,"San Marcos","usa","usaSan Marcos",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T200,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USASan Marcos"},{"v":44894,"d":"44,894"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q200)","v":1},188,1,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,189,null,null,189,{"$nulls":11},189,"Santiago","chile","chileSantiago",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T201,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChileSantiago"},{"v":6562300,"d":"6,562,300"},2016,"n","https://www.quandl.com/data/CITYPOP/CITY_SANTIAGORMCHILE-Population-of-Santiago-RM-Chile","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q201)","v":1},189,{"$error":"#N/A"},{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,190,null,null,190,{"$nulls":11},190,"Saskatoon","canada","canadaSaskatoon",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T202,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaSaskatoon"},{"v":295095,"d":"295,095"},2016,"y","Statistics Canada","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q202)","v":1},190,2,{"$nulls":4},0]
[null,191,null,null,191,{"$nulls":11},191,"Southampton","england","englandSouthampton",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T203,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandSouthampton"},{"v":236882,"d":"236,882"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q203)","v":2},191,3]
[null,192,null,null,192,{"$nulls":11},192,"Somerville","usa","usaSomerville",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T204,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USASomerville"},{"v":75754,"d":"75,754"},2010,"y","USCB","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q204)","v":6},192,1]
[null,193,null,null,{"$f":"B205","v":193},{"$nulls":11},193,"Sheffield","england",{"$f":"+S205&R205","v":"englandSheffield"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T205,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandSheffield"},{"v":552698,"d":"552,698"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q205)","v":9},{"$f":"Q205","v":193},3]
[null,194,null,null,194,{"$nulls":11},194,"Split","croatia","croatiaSplit",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T206,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CroatiaSplit"},{"v":552698,"d":"552,698"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q206)","v":1},194,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S206,$AG$12:$AI$127,2,FALSE)","v":22}]
[null,195,null,null,195,{"$nulls":11},195,"Seattle","usa","usaSeattle",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T207,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USASeattle"},{"v":608660,"d":"608,660"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q207)","v":3},195,1]
[null,196,null,null,196,{"$nulls":11},196,"Sobral","brazil","brazilSobral",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T208,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilSobral"},{"v":188271,"d":"188,271"},2010,"y","Ibge","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q208)","v":1},196,14]
[null,197,null,null,197,{"$nulls":11},197,"Shiraz","iran","iranShiraz",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T209,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"IranShiraz"},{"v":1460665,"d":"1,460,665"},2011,"y","Statistical Centre of Iran","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q209)","v":2},197,33]
[null,198,null,null,198,{"$nulls":11},198,"Singapore","singapore","singaporeSingapore",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T210,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"SingaporeSingapore"},{"v":3771721,"d":"3,771,721"},2010,"y","Statistics Singapore","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q210)","v":10},198,52]
[null,199,null,null,199,{"$nulls":11},199,"Sofia","bulgaria","bulgariaSofia",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T211,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BulgariaSofia"},{"v":240877,"d":"240,877"},2013,"y","NSI","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q211)","v":1},199,16]
[null,200,null,null,200,{"$nulls":11},200,"Shanghai","china","chinaShanghai",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T212,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaShanghai"},{"v":23019196,"d":"23,019,196"},2010,"y","NBS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q212)","v":5},200,5]
[null,201,null,null,201,{"$nulls":11},201,"Seoul","Korea, South","Korea, SouthSeoul",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T213,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"Korea, SouthSeoul"},{"v":9708483,"d":"9,708,483"},2010,"y","Statistics Korea","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q213)","v":3},201,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[null,202,null,null,202,{"$nulls":11},202,"Shenzhen","china","chinaShenzhen",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T214,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaShenzhen"},{"v":10358381,"d":"10,358,381"},2010,"y","NBS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q214)","v":6},202,5]
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[{"$nulls":16},205,"Springfield","usa","usaSpringfield",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T217,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USASpringfield"},{"v":116250,"d":"116,250"},2010,"y","USCB","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q217)","v":1},205,1]
[{"$nulls":16},206,"Stoke-on-Trent","england","englandStoke-on-Trent",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T218,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandStoke-on-Trent"},{"v":249008,"d":"249,008"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q218)","v":1},206,3]
[{"$nulls":16},207,"Stevenson","usa","usaStevenson",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T219,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":1465,"d":"1,465"},2010,"y","USCB","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q219)","v":1},207,1]
[{"$nulls":16},208,"Syracuse","usa","usaSyracuse",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T220,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USASyracuse"},{"v":145170,"d":"145,170"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q220)","v":1},208,1]
[{"$nulls":16},209,"Saint Petersburg","russia","russiaSaint Petersburg",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T221,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"RussiaSaint Petersburg"},{"v":4879566,"d":"4,879,566"},2010,"y","Federal State Statistics Service","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q221)","v":1},209,47]
[{"$nulls":16},210,"sydney","Australia","Australiasydney",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T222,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"AustraliaSydney"},{"v":3908642,"d":"3,908,642"},2011,"y","ABS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q222)","v":5},210,9]
[{"$nulls":16},211,"Trenton","usa","usaTrenton",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T223,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USATrenton"},{"v":84913,"d":"84,913"},2010,"y","USCB","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q223)","v":2},211,1]
[{"$nulls":16},212,"Taipei","Taiwan","TaiwanTaipei",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T224,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"TaiwanTaipei"},{"v":2695700,"d":"2,695,700"},2016,"n","http://population.city/taiwan/adm/taipei-city/","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q224)","v":6},212,55]
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[{"$nulls":16},214,"Tucson","usa","usaTucson",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T226,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USATucson"},{"v":520116,"d":"520,116"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q226)","v":3},214,1]
[{"$nulls":16},215,"Toronto","canada","canadaToronto",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T227,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaToronto"},{"v":2615060,"d":"2,615,060"},2011,"y","Statistics Canada","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q227)","v":12},215,2]
[{"$nulls":16},216,"Tainan","taiwan","taiwanTainan",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T228,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"TaiwanTainan"},{"v":771235,"d":"771,235"},2018,"n","http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/taiwan-population/cities/","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q228)","v":2},216,55]
[{"$nulls":16},217,"Tomsk","russia","russiaTomsk",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T229,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"RussiaTomsk"},{"v":546049,"d":"546,049"},2010,"y","Federal State Statistics Service","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q229)","v":1},217,47]
[{"$nulls":16},218,"Tehran","iran","iranTehran",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T230,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"IranTehran"},{"v":8154051,"d":"8,154,051"},2011,"y","Statistical Centre of Iran","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q230)","v":1},218,33]
[{"$nulls":16},219,"Tampere","Finland","FinlandTampere",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T231,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"FinlandTampere"},{"v":220446,"d":"220,446"},2014,"y","Statistics Finland","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q231)","v":1},219,26]
[{"$nulls":16},220,"Minneapolis","usa","usaMinneapolis",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T232,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAMinneapolis"},{"v":3280000,"d":"3,280,000"},2010,"n","https://www.google.co.uk/search?rlz=1C1GGRV_enGB754GB754&ei=R5dZW_ynC6XWgAbypp6YBQ&q=twin+city+population&oq=twin+city+population&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i7i30k1l3j0j0i30k1j0i8i30k1l2.215815.218694.0.219317.17.16.1.0.0.0.179.1344.10j5.15.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..4.9.618...0i8i7i30k1j0i13k1j0i13i30k1j0i8i13i30k1.0.KXRcC3FM9qA","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q232)","v":4},220,1]
[{"$nulls":16},221,"Wuhan","china","chinaWuhan",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T233,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaWuhan"},{"v":9785388,"d":"9,785,388"},2010,"y","NBS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q233)","v":2},221,5]
[{"$nulls":16},222,"Zhuhai","china","chinaZhuhai",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T234,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaZhuhai"},{"v":1562530,"d":"1,562,530"},2010,"y","NBS","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q234)","v":1},222,5]
[{"$nulls":16},223,"Vancouver","canada","canadaVancouver",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T235,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaVancouver"},{"v":2463431,"d":"2,463,431"},2016,"y","Statistics Canada","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q235)","v":5},223,2]
[{"$nulls":16},224,"Utrecht","netherlands","netherlandsUtrecht",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T236,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"NetherlandsUtrecht"},{"v":480556,"d":"480,556"},2013,"y","CBS","27.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q236)","v":1},224,30]
[{"$nulls":16},225,"Whitehorse","Australia","AustraliaWhitehorse",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T237,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":151334,"d":"151,334"},2011,"y","ABS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q237)","v":1},225,9]
[{"$nulls":16},226,"Vienna","austria","austriaVienna",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T238,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"AustriaVienna"},{"v":8404252,"d":"8,404,252"},2011,"y","Statistik Austria","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q238)","v":1},226,10]
[{"$nulls":16},227,"Yarra","Australia","AustraliaYarra",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T239,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":74090,"d":"74,090"},2011,"y","ABS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q239)","v":2},227,9]
[{"$nulls":16},228,"Virginia","usa","usaVirginia",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T240,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAVirginia"},{"v":1852994,"d":"1,852,994"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q240)","v":1},228,1]
[{"$nulls":16},229,"Windhoek","namibia","namibiaWindhoek",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T241,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"NamibiaWindhoek"},{"v":325858,"d":"325,858"},2011,"y","Namibia Statistics Agency","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q241)","v":1},229,38]
[{"$nulls":16},230,"Wheeling","usa","usaWheeling",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T242,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAWheeling"},{"v":28486,"d":"28,486"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q242)","v":2},230,1]
[{"$nulls":16},231,"Wichita","usa","usaWichita",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T243,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAWichita"},{"v":382368,"d":"382,368"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q243)","v":1},231,1]
[{"$nulls":16},232,"York","england","englandYork",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T244,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandYork"},{"v":198051,"d":"198,051"},2011,"y","ONS","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q244)","v":1},232,3]
[{"$nulls":16},233,"Winnipeg","canada","canadaWinnipeg",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T245,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaWinnipeg"},{"v":778489,"d":"778,489"},2016,"y","Statistics Canada","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q245)","v":1},233,2]
[{"$nulls":16},234,"Vancouver","canada","canadaVancouver",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T246,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaVancouver"},{"v":2313328,"d":"2,313,328"},2011,"y","Statistics Canada","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q246)","v":4},234,2]
[{"$nulls":16},235,"Waterloo","canada","canadaWaterloo",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T247,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":507096,"d":"507,096"},2011,"y","Statistics Canada","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q247)","v":1},235,2]
[{"$nulls":16},236,"Wisconsin Rapids","usa","usaWisconsin Rapids",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T248,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAWisconsin Rapids"},{"v":5686986,"d":"5,686,986"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q248)","v":1},236,1]
[{"$nulls":16},237,"Waitakere","New Zealand","New ZealandWaitakere",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T249,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"New ZealandWaitakere"},{"v":1968,"d":"1,968"},2013,"y","Statistics New Zealand","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q249)","v":1},237,40]
[{"$nulls":16},238,"Whittier","usa","usaWhittier",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T250,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAWhittier"},{"v":85331,"d":"85,331"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q250)","v":1},238,1]
[{"$nulls":16},239,"Washington","usa","usaWashington",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T251,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAWashington"},{"v":6724540,"d":"6,724,540"},2010,"y","USCB","4.7.18",{"$f":"COUNTIF('Master list of papers'!$T$5:$T$4588,'Master List Codings'!Q251)","v":3},239,1]
[{"$nulls":16},240,"Perth","australia","australiaPerth",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T252,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"AustraliaPerth"},{"v":1627576,"d":"1,627,576"},2011,"y","ABS","26.9.19",null,240,9]
[{"$nulls":16},241,"Vinnytsya","ukraine","ukraineVinnytsya",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T253,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"UkraineVinnytsya"},{"v":1602163,"d":"1,602,163"},2016,"y","SSSU","2.10.19",null,241,79]
[{"$nulls":16},242,"Suzaka","japan","japanSuzaka",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T254,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":52168,"d":"52,168"},2010,"y","statistics japan","2.10.19",null,242,35]
[{"$nulls":16},243,"berkley","USA","USAberkley",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T255,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USABerkley"},"112,893 ",2010,null,"statistics usa","2.10.19",null,243,1]
[{"$nulls":16},244,"Nairobi","kenya","kenyaNairobi",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T256,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"KenyaNairobi"},{"v":3138369,"d":"3,138,369"},2010,null,"statistic kenya","2.10.19",null,244,62]
[{"$nulls":16},245,"Berlin","germany","germanyBerlin",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T257,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"GermanyBerlin"},{"v":3461000,"d":"3,461,000"},2010,null,"statistic germany","2.10.19",null,245,28]
[{"$nulls":16},246,"Lleida","spain","spainLleida",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T258,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":137902,"d":"137,902"},2010,null,"statistic spain","2.10.19",null,246,4]
[{"$nulls":16},247,"Pune","india","indiaPune",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T259,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"IndiaPune"},{"v":5050000,"d":"5,050,000"},2011,null,"statistic india","2.10.19",null,247,7]
[{"$nulls":16},248,"Riyadh","saudi arabia","saudi arabiaRiyadh",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T260,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"Saudi ArabiaRiyadh"},{"v":6505509,"d":"6,505,509"},2010,null,"statistics saudi arabia","2.10.19",null,248,49]
[{"$nulls":16},249,"Ansan","Korea, South","Korea, SouthAnsan",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T261,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"Korea, SouthAnsan"},{"v":281829,"d":"281,829"},2010,null,"statistics sotuh korea","2.10.19",null,249,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":16},250,"Minnetonka","USA","USAMinnetonka",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T262,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAMinnetonka"},{"v":49797,"d":"49,797"},2010,null,"statistics USA","2.10.19",null,250,1]
[{"$nulls":16},251,"Ulaanbaatar","mongolia","mongoliaUlaanbaatar",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T263,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"MongoliaUlaanbaatar"},"‎2,754,685",2010,null,"statistics mongolia","2.10.19",null,251,64]
[{"$nulls":16},252,"Nanjing","China","ChinaNanjing",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T264,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaNanjing"},{"v":5827888,"d":"5,827,888"},2010,null,"statistics China","2.10.19",null,252,5]
[{"$nulls":16},253,"Victoria","Canada","CanadaVictoria",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T265,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaVictoria"},{"v":85792,"d":"85,792"},2010,null,"statistics Canada","2.10.19",null,253,2]
[{"$nulls":16},254,"Oulu","Finland","FinlandOulu",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T266,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"FinlandOulu"},"141,671 ",2010,null,"statistics Finland","2.10.19",null,254,26]
[{"$nulls":16},255,"Lima","Peru","PeruLima",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T267,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"PeruLima"},{"v":38588,"d":"38,588"},2010,null,"statistics Peru","2.10.19",null,255,45]
[{"$nulls":16},256,"melbourne","australia","australiamelbourne",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T268,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"AustraliaMelbourne"},{"v":5550000,"d":"5,550,000"},2010,null,"statistic australia","2.10.19",null,256,9]
[{"$nulls":16},257,"Hamadan","Iran",{"$f":"+S269&R269","v":"IranHamadan"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T269,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"IranHamadan"},"473149 ",2010,null,"statistics Iran","2.10.19",null,{"$f":"Q269","v":257},33]
[{"$nulls":16},258,"Freiburg im Breisgau","Germany","GermanyFreiburg im Breisgau",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T270,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"GermanyFreiburg im Breisgau"},"221,924 ",2010,null,"statistics Germany","2.10.19",null,258,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S270,$AG$12:$AI$127,2,FALSE)","v":28}]
[{"$nulls":16},259,"Seinajoki","Finland","FinlandSeinajoki",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T271,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"FinlandSeinajoki"},"63 000",2010,null,"statistics Finland","2.10.19",null,259,26]
[{"$nulls":16},260,"Anchorage","USA","USAAnchorage",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T272,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAAnchorage"},"293,370 ",2010,null,"statistics USA","2.10.19",null,260,1]
[{"$nulls":16},261,"Quito","Ecuador","EcuadorQuito",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T273,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EcuadorQuito"},{"v":2239191,"d":"2,239,191"},2010,null,"statistics Ecuador","2.10.19",null,261,65]
[{"$nulls":16},262,"Nizwa","Oman","OmanNizwa",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T274,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"OmanNizwa"},{"v":72000,"d":"72,000"},2010,null,"statistics Oman","2.10.19",null,262,66]
[{"$nulls":16},263,"Jiaxing","china","chinaJiaxing",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T275,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaJiaxing"},"4,501,657 ",2010,null,"statistics china","2.10.19",null,263,5]
[{"$nulls":16},264,"Vitoria-Gasteiz","spain","spainVitoria-Gasteiz",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T276,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"SpainVitoria-Gasteiz"},"238,247 ",2010,null,"statistics spain","2.10.19",null,264,4]
[{"$nulls":16},265,"Ad Diwaniyah","iraq","iraqAd Diwaniyah",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T277,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"IraqAd Diwaniyah"},{"v":440927,"d":"440,927"},2010,null,"statistics iraq","2.10.19",null,265,73]
[{"$nulls":16},266,"An Nasiriyah","iraq","iraqAn Nasiriyah",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T278,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"IraqAn Nasiriyah"},{"v":560000,"d":"560,000"},2003,null,"statistics iraq","2.10.19",null,266,73]
[{"$nulls":16},267,"Austin","USA","USAAustin",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T279,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAAustin"},"806,463 ",2010,null,"statistics USA","2.10.19",null,267,1]
[{"$nulls":16},268,"Beijing","china","chinaBeijing",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T280,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaBeijing"},{"v":19612368,"d":"19,612,368"},2010,null,"statistics china","2.10.19",null,268,5]
[{"$nulls":16},269,"boa vista","brazil","brazilboa vista",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T281,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilBoa Vista"},{"v":277799,"d":"277,799"},2010,null,"statistics brazil","2.10.19",null,269,14]
[{"$nulls":16},270,"brisbane","australia","australiabrisbane",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T282,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"AustraliaBrisbane"},{"v":2043000,"d":"2,043,000"},2010,null,"statistic australia","2.10.19",null,270,9]
[{"$nulls":16},271,"brussels","beligum","beligumbrussels",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T283,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":1154635,"d":"1,154,635"},2010,null,"statistic belguim","2.10.19",null,271,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":16},272,"Busan","Korea, South","Korea, SouthBusan",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T284,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"Korea, SouthBusan"},{"v":3446000,"d":"3,446,000"},2010,null,"statistic korea","2.10.19",null,272,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":16},273,"cape town","south africa","south africacape town",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T285,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"South AfricaCape Town"},{"v":4005016,"d":"4,005,016"},2016,null,"statistic south africa","2.10.19",null,273,53]
[{"$nulls":16},274,"carson","USA","USAcarson",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T286,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USACarson"},"91,626 ",2010,null,"statistic USA","2.10.19",null,274,1]
[{"$nulls":16},275,"coventry","england","englandcoventry",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T287,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandCoventry"},{"v":358346,"d":"358,346"},2010,null,"statistic england","2.10.19",null,275,3]
[{"$nulls":16},276,"delhi","india","indiadelhi",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T288,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"IndiaDelhi"},{"v":11034555,"d":"11,034,555"},2011,null,"statistic india","2.10.19",null,276,7]
[{"$nulls":16},277,"Dhaka","Bangladesh","BangladeshDhaka",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T289,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BangladeshDhaka"},{"v":7423137,"d":"7,423,137"},2010,null,"statistic Turkey","2.10.19",null,277,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":16},278,"Caxias","brazil","brazilCaxias",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T290,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilCaxias"},{"v":155202,"d":"155,202"},2010,null,"statistic bangladesh","2.10.19",null,278,14]
[{"$nulls":16},279,"edmonton","canada","canadaedmonton",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T291,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaEdmonton"},{"v":341304,"d":"341,304"},2010,null,"statistic brazil","2.10.19",null,279,2]
[{"$nulls":16},280,"fooman","iran","iranfooman",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T292,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},"812,201 ",2011,null,"statistic canada","2.10.19",null,280,33]
[{"$nulls":16},281,"Gaborone","Botswana","BotswanaGaborone",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T293,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BotswanaGaborone"},{"v":231626,"d":"231,626"},2011,null,"statistic Botswana","2.10.19",null,281,70]
[{"$nulls":16},282,"Hanoi","Vietnam","VietnamHanoi",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T294,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"VietnamHanoi"},{"v":6448837,"d":"6,448,837"},2019,null,"https://all-populations.com/en/vn/population-of-hanoi.html","2.10.19",null,282,60]
[{"$nulls":16},283,"Ho Chi Minh City","Vietnam","VietnamHo Chi Minh City",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T295,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"VietnamHo Chi Minh City"},"7,521,130 ",2009,null,"statistic Vietnam","2.10.19",null,283,60]
[{"$nulls":16},284,"iowa City","USA","USAiowa City",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T296,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAIowa City"},{"v":3023000,"d":"3,023,000"},2010,null,"statistic USA","2.10.19",null,284,1]
[{"$nulls":16},285,"Jakarta","Indonesia","IndonesiaJakarta",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T297,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"IndonesiaJakarta"},{"v":9608000,"d":"9,608,000"},2010,null,"statistic Indonesia","2.10.19",null,285,71]
[{"$nulls":16},286,"Jianbei","china","chinaJianbei",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T298,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":561000,"d":"561,000"},2014,null,"statistic china","2.10.19",null,286,5]
[{"$nulls":16},287,"jinan","china","chinajinan",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T299,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaJinan"},{"v":6814000,"d":"6,814,000"},2010,null,"statistic china","2.10.19",null,287,5]
[{"$nulls":16},288,"Jing Jin Ji","china","chinaJing Jin Ji",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T300,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},"not a city - a region",2016,null," ","2.10.19",null,288,5]
[{"$nulls":16},289,"Johannesburg","South Africa","South AfricaJohannesburg",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T301,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"South AfricaJohannesburg"},{"v":4949347,"d":"4,949,347"},2010,null,"statistic South Africa","2.10.19",null,289,53]
[{"$nulls":16},290,"Kabul","Afghanistan","AfghanistanKabul",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T302,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"AfghanistanKabul"},{"v":3817241,"d":"3,817,241"},2010,null,"statistic afganistan","2.10.19",null,290,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":16},291,"Kaohsiung","taiwan","taiwanKaohsiung",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T303,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"TaiwanKaohsiung"},{"v":2770000,"d":"2,770,000"},2010,null,"statistic Tiawan","2.10.19",null,291,55]
[{"$nulls":16},292,"Kashiwanoh","Japan","JapanKashiwanoh",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T304,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},"400,000 ",2010,null,"statistics japan","2.10.19",null,292,35]
[{"$nulls":16},293,"Kaunas","Lithuania","LithuaniaKaunas",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T305,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"LithuaniaKaunas"},"342,768 ",2010,null,"statistic Lithuania","2.10.19",null,293,80]
[{"$nulls":16},294,"Kentucky","USA","USAKentucky",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T306,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":596823,"d":"596,823"},2010,null,"statistic USA","2.10.19",null,294,1]
[{"$nulls":16},295,"Kyiv","ukraine","ukraineKyiv",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T307,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"UkraineKyiv"},{"v":2906569,"d":"2,906,569"},2010,null,"statistic Ukrane","2.10.19",null,295,79]
[{"$nulls":16},296,"Kilis","Turkey","TurkeyKilis",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T308,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"TurkeyKilis"},{"v":97745,"d":"97,745"},2017,null,"Turkstat","10.10.19",null,296,57]
[{"$nulls":16},297,"Koidu-Bulma","Sierra Leone","Sierra LeoneKoidu-Bulma",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T309,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"Sierra LeoneKoidu-Bulma"},{"v":80025,"d":"80,025"},2004,null,"statistic Sierra Leone","2.10.19",null,297,81]
[{"$nulls":16},298,"Lilongwe","Malawi","MalawiLilongwe",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T310,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"MalawiLilongwe"},{"v":669021,"d":"669,021"},2008,null,"statistic Malawi","2.10.19",null,298,74]
[{"$nulls":16},299,"Macheng","China","ChinaMacheng",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T311,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaMacheng"},{"v":849092,"d":"849,092"},2010,null,"statistic China","2.10.19",null,299,5]
[{"$nulls":16},300,"Bamako","Mali","MaliBamako",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T312,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"MaliBamako"},{"v":2009000,"d":"2,009,000"},2019,null,"statistics Mali","2.10.19",null,300,82]
[{"$nulls":16},301,"Miami","USA","USAMiami",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T313,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAMiami"},{"v":400864,"d":"400,864"},2010,null,"statistic USA","2.10.19",null,301,1]
[{"$nulls":16},302,"Rupert","USA","USARupert",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T314,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USARupert"},"5,601 ",2010,null,"statistic USA","2.10.19",null,302,1]
[{"$nulls":16},303,"Monrovia","Liberia","LiberiaMonrovia",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T315,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"LiberiaMonrovia"},"36,599 ",2010,null,"statistic Liberia","2.10.19",null,303,75]
[{"$nulls":16},304,"New Jersey","USA","USANew Jersey",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T316,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},null,2010,null,"statistic USA","2.10.19",null,304,1]
[{"$nulls":16},305,"Oklahoma City","USA","USAOklahoma City",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T317,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAOklahoma City"},{"v":579999,"d":"579,999"},2010,null,"statistic USA","2.10.19",null,305,1]
[{"$nulls":16},306,"Osaka","Japan","JapanOsaka",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T318,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"JapanOsaka"},{"v":2665000,"d":"2,665,000"},2010,"y","statistic japan","2.10.19",null,306,35]
[{"$nulls":16},307,"Ottawa","canada","canadaOttawa",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T319,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"CanadaOttawa"},{"v":883391,"d":"883,391"},2011,null,"statistic canada","2.10.19",null,307,2]
[{"$nulls":16},308,"Parma","Italy","ItalyParma",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T320,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ItalyParma"},"81,472 ",2010,null,"statistic Italy","2.10.19",null,308,34]
[{"$nulls":16},309,"Petropolis","Brazil","BrazilPetropolis",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T321,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilPetropolis"},{"v":185876,"d":"185,876"},2010,null,"statistic Brazil","2.10.19",null,309,14]
[{"$nulls":16},310,"Pittsburgh","USA","USAPittsburgh",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T322,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAPittsburgh"},"305,405 ",2010,null,"statistic USA","2.10.19",null,310,1]
[{"$nulls":16},311,"Port Said","Egypt","EgyptPort Said",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T323,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EgyptPort Said"},{"v":603787,"d":"603,787"},2010,null,"statistic Egypt","2.10.19",null,311,69]
[{"$nulls":16},312,"Pretoria","south africa","south africaPretoria",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T324,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"South AfricaPretoria"},{"v":1666320,"d":"1,666,320"},2010,null,"statistic south africa","2.10.19",null,312,53]
[{"$nulls":16},313,"rabat","Morocco","Moroccorabat",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T325,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"MoroccoRabat"},{"v":1714000,"d":"1,714,000"},2010,null,"statistic Morocco","2.10.19",null,313,76]
[{"$nulls":16},314,"Reading","England","EnglandReading",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T326,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandReading"},{"v":316889,"d":"316,889"},2010,null,"statistic England","2.10.19",null,314,3]
[{"$nulls":16},315,"Recife","Brazil","BrazilRecife",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T327,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilRecife"},{"v":3700000,"d":"3,700,000"},2010,null,"statistic Brazil","2.10.19",null,315,14]
[{"$nulls":16},316,"Rio de Janeiro","Brazil","BrazilRio de Janeiro",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T328,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilRio de Janeiro"},{"v":6320000,"d":"6,320,000"},2010,null,"statistic Brazil","2.10.19",null,316,14]
[{"$nulls":16},317,"rio grande","brazil","brazilrio grande",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T329,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"BrazilRio Grande"},{"v":13834,"d":"13,834"},2010,null,"statistic brazil","2.10.19",null,317,14]
[{"$nulls":16},318,"Saginaw","USA","USASaginaw",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T330,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USASaginaw"},"51,387 ",2010,null,"statistic USA","2.10.19",null,318,1]
[{"$nulls":16},319,"Sanming","China","ChinaSanming",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T331,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaSanming"},{"v":2503338,"d":"2,503,338"},2010,null,"statistic China","2.10.19",null,319,5]
[{"$nulls":16},320,"Sevilla","Spain","SpainSevilla",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T332,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"SpainSevilla"},"703,610 ",2010,null,"statistic Spain","2.10.19",null,320,4]
[{"$nulls":16},321,"Shizuoka","Japan",{"$f":"+S333&R333","v":"JapanShizuoka"},{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T333,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"JapanShizuoka"},{"v":716197,"d":"716,197"},2010,"y","statistic japan","2.10.19",null,{"$f":"Q333","v":321},35]
[{"$nulls":16},322,"Souel","Korea","KoreaSouel",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T334,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":10040000,"d":"10,040,000"},2010,null,"statistic Korea","2.10.19",null,322,{"$f":"VLOOKUP(S334,$AG$12:$AI$127,2,FALSE)","v":63}]
[{"$nulls":16},323,"St. Louis","USA","USASt. Louis",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T335,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USASt. Louis"},"319,371 ",2010,null,"statistic USA","2.10.19",null,323,1]
[{"$nulls":16},324,"Tagajo City","Japan","JapanTagajo City",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T336,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":63060,"d":"63,060"},2010,7,"statistic japan","2.10.19",null,324,35]
[{"$nulls":16},325,"tokyo","Japan","Japantokyo",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T337,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"JapanTokyo"},{"v":8946000,"d":"8,946,000"},2010,7,"statistic japan","2.10.19",null,325,35]
[{"$nulls":16},326,"Williamsburg","USA","USAWilliamsburg",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T338,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"USAWilliamsburg"},{"v":32926,"d":"32,926"},2010,null,"statistic USA","2.10.19",null,326,1]
[{"$nulls":16},327,"Wuxi","China","ChinaWuxi",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T339,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaWuxi"},{"v":550000,"d":"550,000"},2010,null,"statistic China","2.10.19",null,327,5]
[{"$nulls":16},328,"xiamen","china","chinaxiamen",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T340,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaXiamen"},"3,531,347 ",2010,null,"statistic china","2.10.19",null,328,5]
[{"$nulls":16},329,"Zeotermeer","netherlands","netherlandsZeotermeer",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T341,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},"121,532 ",2010,null,"statistic holland","2.10.19",null,329,30]
[{"$nulls":16},330,"Portsmouth","england","englandPortsmouth",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T342,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"EnglandPortsmouth"},{"v":205056,"d":"205,056"},2011,null,"ONS","10.10.19",null,330,3]
[{"$nulls":16},331,"Dortmund","Germany","GermanyDortmund",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T343,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"GermanyDortmund"},{"v":571143,"d":"571,143"},2011,null,"Destatis","10.10.19",null,331,28]
[{"$nulls":16},332,"Xining","china","chinaXining",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T344,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"ChinaXining"},{"v":2208708,"d":"2,208,708"},2011,null,"NBS","10.10.19",null,332,5]
[{"$nulls":15},8,333,"deliberatly blank"," "," deliberatly blank",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T345,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"$nulls":6},333," "]
[{"$nulls":16},334,"Delft","netherlands","netherlandsDelft",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T346,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":{"$error":"#N/A"}},{"v":99097,"d":"99,097"},2011,null,"cbs","10.10.19",null,334,30]
[{"$nulls":16},335,"Stockholm","Sweden","SwedenStockholm",{"$f":"+VLOOKUP(T347,[1]worldcities!$F$2:$F$15494,1,FALSE)","v":"SwedenStockholm"},{"v":897700,"d":"897,700"},2011,null,"statistics sweden","10.10.19",null,335,54]
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[{"$nulls":16},337,{"$nulls":10},337,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":14},"del",null,338,{"$nulls":10},338,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":16},339,{"$nulls":10},339,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":16},340,{"$nulls":10},340,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":16},341,{"$nulls":10},341,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":16},342,{"$nulls":10},342,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":16},343,{"$nulls":10},343,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":16},344,{"$nulls":10},344,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":16},345,{"$nulls":10},345,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
[{"$nulls":16},346,{"$nulls":10},346,{"$error":"#N/A"}]
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[{"$nulls":104},"Recife",1,null,309,1,null,"Rio de Janeiro",2,{"$nulls":129},315,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH309,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Recife"},null,null,316,2,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM309,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Rio de Janeiro"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"Rio de Janeiro",2,null,310,2,null,"rio grande",2,{"$nulls":129},316,2,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH310,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Rio de Janeiro"},null,null,317,2,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM310,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"rio grande"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"rio grande",2,null,311,1,null,"Saginaw",1,{"$nulls":129},317,2,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH311,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"rio grande"},null,null,318,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM311,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Saginaw"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"Saginaw",1,null,312,1,null,"Sanming",1,{"$nulls":129},318,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH312,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Saginaw"},null,null,319,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM312,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Sanming"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"Sanming",1,null,313,1,null,"Sevilla",2,{"$nulls":129},319,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH313,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Sanming"},null,null,320,2,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM313,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Sevilla"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"Sevilla",2,null,314,1,null,"Shizuoka",1,{"$nulls":129},320,2,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH314,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Sevilla"},null,null,321,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM314,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Shizuoka"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"Shizuoka",1,null,315,1,null,"Souel",1,{"$nulls":129},321,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH315,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Shizuoka"},null,null,322,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM315,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Souel"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"Souel",1,null,316,1,null,"St. Louis",1,{"$nulls":129},322,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH316,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Souel"},null,null,323,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM316,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"St. Louis"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"St. Louis",1,null,317,2,null,"Tagajo City",1,{"$nulls":129},323,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH317,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"St. Louis"},null,null,324,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM317,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Tagajo City"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"Tagajo City",1,null,318,1,null,"tokyo",3,{"$nulls":129},324,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH318,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Tagajo City"},null,null,325,3,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM318,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"tokyo"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"tokyo",3,null,319,1,null,"Williamsburg",1,{"$nulls":129},325,3,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH319,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"tokyo"},null,null,326,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM319,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Williamsburg"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"Williamsburg",1,null,320,2,null,"Wuxi",1,{"$nulls":129},326,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH320,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Williamsburg"},null,null,327,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM320,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Wuxi"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"Wuxi",1,null,321,1,null,"xiamen",1,{"$nulls":129},327,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH321,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Wuxi"},null,null,328,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM321,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"xiamen"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"xiamen",1,null,322,1,null,"Zeotermeer",1,{"$nulls":129},328,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH322,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"xiamen"},null,null,329,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM322,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Zeotermeer"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"Zeotermeer",1,null,323,1,null,"Portsmouth",1,{"$nulls":129},329,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH323,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Zeotermeer"},null,null,330,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM323,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Portsmouth"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"Portsmouth",1,null,324,1,null,"Dortmund",1,{"$nulls":129},330,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH324,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Portsmouth"},null,null,331,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM324,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Dortmund"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"Dortmund",1,null,325,2,null,"Xining",1,{"$nulls":129},331,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH325,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Dortmund"},null,null,332,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM325,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Xining"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"Xining",1,null,326,1,null,"Delft",1,{"$nulls":129},332,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH326,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Xining"},null,null,334,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM326,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Delft"}]
[{"$nulls":104},{"$f":"IJ327","v":"Delft"},{"$f":"II327","v":1},null,327,1,null,{"$f":"IO327","v":"Stockholm"},{"$f":"IN327","v":1},{"$nulls":129},334,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH327,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Delft"},null,null,335,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IM327,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Stockholm"}]
[{"$nulls":104},"Stockholm",1,null,328,1,{"$nulls":132},335,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH328,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Stockholm"}]
[{"$nulls":107},329,1,{"$nulls":132},"#N/A",4,{"$f":"IFERROR(VLOOKUP(IH329,'Master List Codings'!$Q$13:$R$508,2,0),\"Not stated\")","v":"Not stated"}]
[{"$nulls":107},"10.10.19",5]
[{"$nulls":107},"13.7.18",2]
[{"$nulls":107},"2.10.19",9]
[{"$nulls":107},"27.7.18",5]
[{"$nulls":107},"27.8.18",1]
[{"$nulls":107},"4.7.18",45]
[{"$nulls":107},"#N/A",5]
[{"$nulls":107},"(blank)",139]
[{"$nulls":107},"Grand Total",1818]