Identified targets

Load list of proteins for prioritization

Out of your selected genes:

P02741, P19440, P24298, P25445, Q13478, Q6UWV6, Q96HD1, Q99988, Q9BZR6

the following targets was matched in our database to the gene names:

CRP, GGT1, GPT, FAS, IL18R1, ENPP7, CRELD1, GDF15, RTN4R

1 Functional information

1.1 Target overview

Table

Target overview
Gene synonyms Protein name UniProt ID Subcellular location Protein family Protein class Target development level
CRELD1 AVSD2, CIRRIN Protein disulfide isomerase CRELD1, EC 5.3.4.1 Q96HD1 Nucleoli, Cytosol Non-IDG Disease related genes, Enzymes, Human disease related genes, Potential drug targets, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins Tbio
CRP PTX1 C-reactive protein [Cleaved into: C-reactive protein P02741 Nucleoplasm, Vesicles, Intermediate filaments Non-IDG Cancer-related genes, Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins Tbio
ENPP7 alk-SMase, NPP7 Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/ phosphodiesterase family member 7, E-NPP 7, NPP-7, EC 3.1.4.12 Q6UWV6 Enzyme Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins Tbio
FAS APO-1, APT1, CD95, FAS1, TNFRSF6 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 P25445 Nuclear bodies, Plasma membrane, Cytosol Non-IDG Cancer-related genes, Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, CD markers, Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted membrane proteins, Predicted secreted proteins Tbio
GDF15 MIC-1, MIC1, NAG-1, PDF, PLAB, PTGFB Growth/ differentiation factor 15, GDF-15 Q99988 Golgi apparatus Non-IDG Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins Tbio
GGT1 CD224, D22S672, D22S732, GGT Glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme, EC 3.4.19.13 P19440 Vesicles Enzyme Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, CD markers, Disease related genes, Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Potential drug targets, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins Tbio
GPT ALT1, GPT1 Alanine aminotransferase 1, ALT1, EC 2.6.1.2 P24298 Enzyme Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins Tbio
IL18R1 CD218a, IL-1Rrp, IL1RRP Interleukin-18 receptor 1, IL-18R-1, IL-18R1, EC 3.2.2.6 Q13478 Mitochondria Non-IDG CD markers, Enzymes, Plasma proteins, Predicted membrane proteins Tbio
RTN4R NOGOR Reticulon-4 receptor Q9BZR6 Plasma membrane, Actin filaments, Focal adhesion sites Non-IDG Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Predicted membrane proteins Tbio

About

Table content:

  • Protein name (UniProt): Name of gene product. 

  • Gene synonyms (HPA): A list of different synonyms (in uppercase) for the (official) gene name provided by HPA. 

  • UniProt ID (UniProt): Link to UniProt for additional information on the target. 

  • Protein class (HPA): Classification of the protein target based on function and cellular compartment and/or disease and drug related information. 

  • Subcellular location (HPA): HPA-assigned subcellular location. 

  • Protein family (PHAROS): Protein family the target is assigned to.  Levels: GPCR, Nuclear Receptor, Kinase, Enzyme, Ion Channel, Transcription Factor, Transporter, Epigenetic, oGPCR, TF/Epigenetic, Non-IDG.
    Special emphasis is given on four superfamilies that are central to the NIH IDG initiative: GPCRs, kinases, ion channels, and nuclear receptors. 

  • Target development level (PHAROS): Target Development Level (TDL) (for more information on TDL see here).  TDL categorizes the target based on known information and potential drugability, with descending ranking: 

    • Tclin: Approved drugs with known mechanism of action. 
    • Tchem: If associated with small molecule activities in ChEMBL or DrugCentral. 
    • Tbio: If not associated with small molecule or drug activities, but have a GO Molecular Function or Biological Process leaf term(s) with an Experimental Evidence code or/and have a confirmed OMIM phenotype. 
    • Tdark: If not known drug or small molecule activities, and PubMed text-mining score from Jensen Lab <5 or/and ≥3 Gene RIFs or/and ≥50 Antibodies available on http://antibodypedia.com

en-dash (-) indicates that no information was available for the target.

1.2 Functionality descriptions

Table

Functionality description
Functionality description Diabetes associations Suggested biomarker
CRELD1 Description missing No
CRP Displays several functions associated with host defense: it promotes agglutination, bacterial capsular swelling, phagocytosis and complement fixation through its calcium-dependent binding to phosphorylcholine. Can interact with DNA and histones and may scavenge nuclear material released from damaged circulating cells. T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other Abbasi et al, 2016
ENPP7 Converts sphingomyelin to ceramide and phosphocholine (PubMed:12885774, PubMed:12671034, PubMed:15205117, PubMed:28292932). Has also phospholipase C activity and can cleave phosphocholine from palmitoyl lyso-phosphatidylcholine (PubMed:12885774). Does not have nucleotide pyrophosphatase activity (PubMed:12885774). No
FAS Receptor for TNFSF6/FASLG. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. FAS-mediated apoptosis may have a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance, in the antigen-stimulated suicide of mature T-cells, or both. The secreted isoforms 2 to 6 block apoptosis (in vitro). T1DM, T2DM, Other No
GDF15 Regulates food intake, energy expenditure and body weight in response to metabolic and toxin-induced stresses (PubMed:28953886, PubMed:28846097, PubMed:28846098, PubMed:28846099, PubMed:23468844, PubMed:29046435). Binds to its receptor, GFRAL, and activates GFRAL-expressing neurons localized in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem (PubMed:28953886, PubMed:28846097, PubMed:28846098, PubMed:28846099). It then triggers the activation of neurons localized within the parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala, which contitutes part of the ‘emergency circuit’ that shapes feeding responses to stressful conditions (PubMed:28953886). On hepatocytes, inhibits growth hormone signaling (By similarity). T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No
GGT1 Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl bond of extracellular glutathione (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly), glutathione conjugates, and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. The metabolism of glutathione releases free glutamate and the dipeptide cysteinyl-glycine, which is hydrolyzed to cysteine and glycine by dipeptidases. In the presence of high concentrations of dipeptides and some amino acids, can also catalyze a transpeptidation reaction, transferring the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid to form a new gamma-glutamyl compound. Initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracellular GSH level. It is part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism. Isoform 3 seems to be inactive. T2DM Abbasi et al, 2016
GPT Catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate. Participates in cellular nitrogen metabolism and also in liver gluconeogenesis starting with precursors transported from skeletal muscles (By similarity). T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other Abbasi et al, 2016
IL18R1 Within the IL18 receptor complex, responsible for the binding of the proinflammatory cytokine IL18, but not IL1A nor IL1B (PubMed:8626725, PubMed:14528293, PubMed:25261253, PubMed:25500532). Involved in IL18-mediated IFNG synthesis from T-helper 1 (Th1) cells (PubMed:10653850). Contributes to IL18-induced cytokine production, either independently of SLC12A3, or as a complex with SLC12A3 (By similarity). T2DM No
RTN4R Receptor for RTN4, OMG and MAG (PubMed:12037567, PubMed:12068310, PubMed:12426574, PubMed:12089450, PubMed:16712417, PubMed:18411262, PubMed:12839991, PubMed:19052207). Functions as receptor for the sialylated gangliosides GT1b and GM1 (PubMed:18411262). Besides, functions as receptor for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (By similarity). Can also bind heparin (By similarity). Intracellular signaling cascades are triggered via the coreceptor NGFR (PubMed:12426574). Signaling mediates activation of Rho and downstream reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton (PubMed:16712417, PubMed:22325200). Mediates axonal growth inhibition (PubMed:12839991, PubMed:19052207, PubMed:28892071). Plays a role in regulating axon regeneration and neuronal plasticity in the adult central nervous system. Plays a role in postnatal brain development. Required for normal axon migration across the brain midline and normal formation of the corpus callosum. Protects motoneurons against apoptosis; protection against apoptosis is probably mediated via interaction with MAG. Acts in conjunction with RTN4 and LINGO1 in regulating neuronal precursor cell motility during cortical development. Like other family members, plays a role in restricting the number dendritic spines and the number of synapses that are formed during brain development (PubMed:22325200). T2DM No

About

Table content:  

  • Description (PHAROS): Full-text description of the role/function of the protein from PHAROS. 

  • Diabetes associations (Open Targets): Gene-disease (diabetes mellitus) association through experiments or clinical trials. Direct associations with T1DM, T2DM and GDM are shown specifically, while all other diabetes mellitus diseases are included in “Other”.  

  • Suggested biomarker: Known and suggested biomarkers from Abbasi et al, 2016, RHAPSODY partners (collected by the RHAPSODY biomarker taskforce) and based on PPI-network analysis of known biomarkers (in-house analysis). 

“Description missing” indicates that no description was available for the target.

2 Experimental evidence

2.1 Volcano plots exploring p-value and effect size relationships

2.1.1 All experimental results for each hit

Plot

Volcano plot - all experiments

Volcano plot - all experiments

About

Individual volcano plots for each target with results from all RHAPSODY experiments plotted. 

  • Shape: Points are shaped according to omics type. 
  • Color: Points with an adjusted p-value <0.05 are shown in blue, while non-significant points are shown in gray

Empty plots indicates that the specific target were not measured in RHAPSODY experiments. 

2.1.2 Compare best experimental result for each target based on p-value

Plot

Volcano plot - Best results from each target

Volcano plot - Best results from each target

Table

Best experimental results for each target by omics-type
Experiment Tissue Comparison log10 fold change Adj. p-value
Proteomics
GDF15 WP3 GoDARTS + DCS Blood Cox model 1 0.424 0.030
CRELD1 WP3 GoDARTS + DCS Blood Cox model 3 0.382 0.159
ENPP7 WP3 GoDARTS + DCS Blood Cox model 3 0.357 0.159
FAS WP3 GoDARTS + DCS Blood Cox model 3 0.315 0.159
IL18R1 WP3 GoDARTS + DCS Blood Cox model 1 0.401 0.190
RTN4R WP3 GoDARTS + DCS Blood Cox model 3 0.273 0.430
GPT WP3 GoDARTS + DCS Blood Cox model 3 0.069 0.967
CRP WP3 GoDARTS + DCS Blood Cox model 1 -0.084 0.985
Transcriptomics
CRELD1 IMIDIA Islets T2D vs ND -0.450 1.73e-05
GPT WP6 Mice Liver DBA2J D33 HF vs RC -0.795 8.97e-05
FAS IMIDIA Islets T2D vs ND 0.514 1.42e-04
CRP IMIDIA Islets T2D vs ND 1.044 0.005
IL18R1 WP5 Islets LCM T2D vs ND + Tubingen 1.300 0.058
GDF15 WP6 Mice Liver BALBC D05 HF vs RC -2.114 0.077
RTN4R WP6 Mice Adipose tissue BALBC D33 HF vs RC 1.962 0.126
ENPP7 IMIDIA Islets IGT vs ND 0.149 0.363
GGT1 IMIDIA Islets T2D vs ND 0.331 0.375

About

Omics-specific volcano plots with the best result for each tissue based on lowest adjusted p-value. Best results (lowest adjusted p-value) for all targets is shown as background points. 

  • Shape: Points are shaped according to omics type. 
  • Color: Points with an adjusted p-value <0.05 are shown in blue, while non-significant points are shown in gray
  • Background: The best results for all targets detected in RHAPSODY experiments are included as a reference background in light gray with a reduced size. 

The best results from each target is shown in a table format together with the experiment-specific information, including:

  • Experiment: Experimental setting within the RHAPSODY consortium. Find more information on the experiments here
  • Tissue: The tissue the target was detected in. The tissue availability is omics dependent: 
    • Adipose tissue: Transcriptomics. 
    • Blood: Proteomics. 
    • Islets: Transcriptomics. 
    • Islets LCM (laser capture microdissected): Transcriptomics. 
    • Liver: Transcriptomics. 
    • Muscles: Transcriptomics. 
  • Comparison: Experimental setup or modeling. 
  • log10 fold change: log10-transformed fold change (FC). 
  • Adj. p-value: FDR adjusted p-value. 

Significant results with an adjusted p-value <0.05 are shown in blue, while non-significant points are shown in gray

2.2 RHAPSODY meta rank

Table

RHAPSODY meta rank
Detected in blood Adj. meta p-value Rank
ENPP7 Yes 1.42e-06 20
CRELD1 Yes 0.008 43
IL18R1 Yes 4.82e-08 94
RTN4R Yes 0.002 269
GDF15 Yes 2.22e-08 355
FAS Yes 3.76e-13 538
GGT1 Yes 0.371 -
GPT Yes 0.734 -
CRP Yes 0.986 -

About

The RHAPSODY meta rank is made to identify novel targets based on RHAPSODY experimental data. The rank is based on three steps: 

  1. Meta-analysis of p-values from all proteomics and transcriptomics experiments within the RHAPSODY consortium (see the individual results above). The meta-analysis use the sample size-based meta-analysis described by Willer et al, 2010. The reported meta p-values are FDR-adjusted. 
  2. Targets were evaluated on being found in the blood circulation using data from the Human Protein Atlas. Targets found in circulation were included in step 3. 
  3. Targets with a significant meta p-value, defined as meta p-value < 0.05, were inversely ranked according to their co-mentions with diabetes. The best rank of 1 was assigned to the lowest number of co-mentions (zero (0) co-mentions), signifying the most novel biomarker for diabetes. 

Significant results with an adjusted meta p-value <0.05 are shown in blue, while non-significant points are shown in gray

en-dash (-) indicates that no information was available for the target. 

2.3 Best results within tissue and model

Compare across targets

Compare tissue-specific results across targets

Compare tissue-specific results across targets

Compare across species

Compare tissue-specific results across species

Compare tissue-specific results across species

Rank list table

Best result for each target based on tissue type
Human
Mouse
Omics type log10 fold change Adj. p-value log10 fold change Adj. p-value
Adipose tissue
CRELD1 Transcriptomics -1.369 0.084
GPT Transcriptomics -1.371 0.120
IL18R1 Transcriptomics 1.371 0.124
RTN4R Transcriptomics 1.962 0.126
FAS Transcriptomics 0.399 0.136
ENPP7 Transcriptomics 2.279 0.654
Blood
GDF15 Proteomics 0.424 0.030
CRELD1 Proteomics 0.382 0.159
ENPP7 Proteomics 0.357 0.159
FAS Proteomics 0.315 0.159
IL18R1 Proteomics 0.401 0.190
RTN4R Proteomics 0.273 0.430
GPT Proteomics 0.069 0.967
CRP Proteomics -0.084 0.985
Islets
CRELD1 Transcriptomics -0.450 1.73e-05 0.206 0.212
FAS Transcriptomics 0.514 1.42e-04 -0.418 0.402
CRP Transcriptomics 1.044 0.005 -1.267 0.103
GDF15 Transcriptomics 0.333 0.149
IL18R1 Transcriptomics 0.238 0.241
ENPP7 Transcriptomics 0.149 0.363
GGT1 Transcriptomics 0.331 0.375
GPT Transcriptomics -0.067 0.440 0.417 0.152
Islets LCM
FAS Transcriptomics 1.092 0.010
IL18R1 Transcriptomics 1.300 0.058
CRP Transcriptomics 1.451 0.204
GDF15 Transcriptomics 0.683 0.394
GGT1 Transcriptomics 0.637 0.420
CRELD1 Transcriptomics -0.129 0.476
Liver
GPT Transcriptomics -0.795 8.97e-05
FAS Transcriptomics 0.737 0.006
CRELD1 Transcriptomics -0.532 0.026
GDF15 Transcriptomics -2.114 0.077
CRP Transcriptomics 0.357 0.114
Muscle
FAS Transcriptomics -1.179 0.003
GPT Transcriptomics 0.494 0.028
CRELD1 Transcriptomics -0.311 0.032
CRP Transcriptomics -2.606 0.516

About

Compare across targets

Comparison of targets across tissues and species. The plot is made to enable direct comparison between targets. Dependent on the number of targets, the plot will give target comparisons horizontally (at 8 or fewer targets) or vertically (more than 8 targets). 

  • Shape: Points are shaped according to omics type.  
  • Color: Points with an adjusted p-value <0.05 are shown in blue, while non-significant points are shown in gray.
  • Color density: Points with a adjusted p-value <0.05 are shown at full density, while points above the p-value threshold are more see-through (lower density).  

Empty plots indicates that the specific target were not measured in RHAPSODY experiments. 

Compare across species

Comparison of tissues across species for each target. The plot is made to enable direct comparison between tissues and species for each target.  

  • Shape: Points are shaped according to omics type. 
  • Color: Points with an adjusted p-value <0.05 are shown in blue, while non-significant points are shown in gray.
  • Color density: Points with a adjusted p-value <0.05 are shown at full density, while points above the p-value threshold are more see-through (lower density).  

Empty plots indicates that the specific target were not measured in RHAPSODY experiments. 

Rank list table

The table summarizes the best results for each tissue and species based on adjusted p-value.

  • Omics type: Omics type
  • log10 fold change: log10-transformed fold change (FC).
  • Adj. p-value: FDR adjusted p-value.

Significant results with an adjusted p-value <0.05 are shown in blue, while non-significant points are shown in gray.

en-dash (-) indicates that no information was available for the target.

3 Disease association

3.1 Text mining results from public and in-house sources

3.1.1 Disease association in scientific articles

Plot

Disease association in scientific articles

Disease association in scientific articles

About

Text mining results for target-disease (any) association based on in-house and PHAROS data.

  • In-house text-mining  
    • UniProt AC - all diseases co-mentions (PubMed): Sum of diabetes and all other diseases co-mentions in PubMed abstracts. 
    • UniProt AC - all diseases co-mentions (full-text): Sum of diabetes and all other diseases co-mentions in 15 mio full-text articles. 
  • PHAROS  
    • Jensen Score: Gene-disease association score based on biomedical abstracts, taking co-occurrence within and between sentences into account. Absolute counts are reported here. For more information, see Pletscher-Frankild et al, 2015
    • PubTator Score: Online tool for curation of PubMed articles. Biological entities (chemicals, diseases, genes, mutations, and species) are annotated using entity-specific text-mining tools. Normalized scores used for ranking in the tool is reported here. For more information, see the website and Wei, 2013

To ease the comparison between the proteins, a geometric mean has been calculated for the five parameters. Geometric means can be calculated with the formula: \(GM = \sqrt[n]{x_{1} \cdot x_{2} \cdot ... \cdot x_{n}}\).  Using the geometric mean instead of the arithmetic mean (normally known as mean or average) to summarize our data is beneficial for two reasons:

  • The geometric mean is not affected by the scale of the data. We can therefore summarize our data without normalizing it. 
  • The geometric mean is less sensitive to outliers than the arithmetic mean, but still more sensitive than the median. 
  • The geometric mean is also more stable than the median, which can change dramatically when adding or removing just a few input values if your sample size is small.  

However, it is important to note that the geometric mean does not handle zeros and negative values. It is therefore not useful for all data types. 

3.1.2 Diabetes fraction of co-mentions

Plot

Disease co-mentions

Disease co-mentions

About

The in-house text-mining has been conducted in two modes for PubMed abstracts and full-text papers: 

  • UniProt AC - all diseases except diabetes co-mentions 
  • UniProt AC - diabetes co-mentions 

Using these text-mining results, we can compare the number of co-mentions associated with diabetes to all other diseases. 

The plot is split into three panel (left-to-right): 

  • A proportional area plot (left panel) shows the percentage of co-mentions in full text articles that are diabetes-related.  
  • The first bar plot (middle panel) shows the co-mentions count for diabetes in dark blue and the co-mentions count for all diseases but diabetes in light blue derived from 15 million full-text articles (in-house resource, see Westergaard et al. PLoS Computational Biology 2018). 
  • The second bar plot (right panel) shows similar to the middle panel co-mentions count for diabetes in dark blue and the co-mentions count for all diseases but diabetes in light blue. The data is obtained from 15 million abstracts (in-house resource, see Westergaard et al. PLoS Computational Biology 2018). 

The plot has been sorted according to highest full-text all diabetes co-mentions. 

3.2 Open Targets association scores

Diabetes mellitus (EFO_000400)

Association score for diabetes mellitus (supergroup)

Association score for diabetes mellitus (supergroup)

T2DM (MONDO_0005148)

Association score for T2DM

Association score for T2DM

T1DM (MONDO_0005147)

Association score for T1DM

Association score for T1DM

GDM (EFO_0004593)

Association score for GDM

Association score for GDM

Other diabetes mellitus subtypes

Association score for other diabetes mellitus subtypes

Association score for other diabetes mellitus subtypes

About

Open Targets association scores for the diabetes mellitus supergroup and selected subtypes. 

  • Diabetes mellitus (EFO_0000400): Supergroup for all diabetes mellitus diseases. 

  • T2DM (MONDO_0005148): Type 2 diabetes mellitus. 

  • T1DM (MONDO_0005147): Type 1 diabetes mellitus. 

  • GDM (EFO_0004593): Gestational diabetes mellitus. 

  • Other diabetes mellitus subtypes: Any other diabetes mellitus subgroup than T2DM, T1DM and GDM, e.g., monogenic diabetes mellitus, prediabetes syndrome, and neonatal diabetes mellitus. 

The Open Targets association score is a standardized measure reported a value between 0 and 1. Here, 1 indicates a strong association, while 0 indicates that there is no known association.  The score is calculated with the formula \(s = F \cdot S \cdot C\), where \(s\) is the score, \(F\) is the frequency i.e. the relative occurrence of a target-disease evidence, \(S\) is the severity i.e. the magnitude or strength of the effect described by the evidence, and \(C\) is the confidence i.e. overall confidence for the observation that generates the target-disease evidence.
The targets are ranked according to the overall association score, summarizing the seven association variables.

Source: Open Targets Platform Documentation.

4 Mechanistic evidence

4.1 Protein-protein interaction network

4.1.1 Network plots

All interactions

PPI networks

PPI networks

High-confidence interactions only

PPI networks

PPI networks

Summary table

Protein-protein interaction networks summary
Target Mean diabetes textmining % Associated with diabetes Suggested diabetes biomarkers Potential interaction partners High-confidence interaction partners Total interaction partners
CRELD1 - 0 0 0 0 0
CRP 12 47 11 55 13 68
ENPP7 15 9 0 20 0 20
FAS 10 71 0 96 21 117
GDF15 10 45 2 67 2 69
GGT1 14 23 3 42 0 42
GPT 12 48 1 75 0 75
IL18R1 13 8 1 8 4 12
RTN4R 9 76 1 191 10 201

About

Protein-protein interaction networks based on physical links data from the STRING database. See Szklarczyk et al, 2018 for a description of the resource.

Network features:

  • Interaction partners (nodes) are colored according to the confidence score of their interaction with the primary targets.
    • High confidence interaction partners (confidence score > 0.7) are shown in blue
    • Suggested interaction partners (confidence score ≤ 0.7) are shown in gray
  • Interactions (edges) are shown according the confidence score of the interaction
    • High confidence interactions (confidence score > 0.7) are shown as solid line (—)
    • Suggested interactions (confidence score ≤ 0.7) are show as dashed lines (- - -)

Summary table:

  • Mean diabetes textmining %: The avarage diabetes percentage of diabetes co-mentions to total co-mentions across the network. Based on textmining from Westergaard et al
  • Associated with diabetes: Number of nodes that have been associated with diabetes mellitus (Open Targets)
  • Suggested diabetes biomarkers: Number of nodes that have been identified as potential biomarkers for Type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • Potential interaction partners: Number of interaction partners below the confidence threshold (confidence score ≤ 0.7)
  • High-confidence interaction partners: Number of interaction partners above the confidence threshold (confidence score > 0.7)
  • Total interaction partners: Total number of interaction partners

In cases where none of the targets have any interaction partners (all or high-confident), the following error messages will be shown:  

  • All interactions: Unfortunately, no interactions were found for any of the selected targets.
  • High-confidence interactions: Unfortunately, no high-confidence interactions were found for any of the selected targets.

4.1.2 Interaction partners

All interactions

Protein-protein interaction partners
Diabetes association
Confidence scores for interaction
Interaction partner UniProt ID Diabetes textmining % Diabetes associations Suggested diabetes biomarker Experimental score Database score Textmining score Combined score
CRP
RBP4 P02753 38 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other Abbasi et al, 2016 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.19
FFAR2 O15552 36 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.27 0.00 0.05 0.28
APOB P04114 34 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other Abbasi et al, 2016 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.34
ANGPTL4 Q9BY76 27 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21
OLR1 P78380 26 T2DM, GDM RHAPSODY partner suggestion 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.88
SELP P16109 22 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.33
LEP P41159 21 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other Abbasi et al, 2016 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.60
FCGR1B Q92637 19 No 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53
DDIT3 P35638 18 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.41
SNRPN P63162 16 No 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25
TLR4 O00206 16 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.15
SNRNP70 P08621 15 No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
CFHR5 Q9BXR6 14 No 0.30 0.00 0.59 0.70
C1QC P02747 14 No 0.00 0.60 0.26 0.69
APCS P02743 14 T1DM, GDM No 0.46 0.00 0.41 0.67
PTX3 P26022 14 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other RHAPSODY partner suggestion 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.30
C1QA P02745 13 No 0.57 0.60 0.26 0.86
C1QB P02746 13 No 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.60
CD14 P08571 13 T1DM No 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25
FCN3 O75636 13 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16
CFHR3 Q02985 12 No 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.42
LOX P28300 12 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.31
LAMA1 P25391 12 T2DM, Other Network of genes in T2D loci (suggested candidate) 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.28
GP1BA P07359 12 T2DM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.24
CES1 P23141 12 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.06 0.00 0.21 0.22
PTPRS Q13332 12 T1DM No 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.19
PRSS23 O95084 12 T1DM No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
CTSH P09668 12 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.17
FCN2 Q15485 11 T1DM Network expansion 0.27 0.00 0.83 0.87
C4A P0C0L4 11 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.72
C1GALT1 Q9NS00 11 Other No 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.26
CD53 P19397 11 No 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.15
CFH P08603 10 T1DM, T2DM, GDM Network expansion 0.73 0.00 0.90 0.97
FCGR2A P12318 10 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.46 0.00 0.90 0.94
C3 P01024 10 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other Abbasi et al, 2016 0.48 0.00 0.66 0.82
FCGR2B P31994 10 T2DM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
FCGR3A P08637 10 T1DM No 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.27
CALR P27797 10 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.23
UBR3 Q6ZT12 10 T1DM No 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.19
C4BPA P04003 9 No 0.42 0.00 0.54 0.72
CFHR1 Q03591 9 T2DM No 0.30 0.00 0.41 0.56
FCN1 O00602 8 T1DM No 0.30 0.00 0.86 0.90
H2AC20 Q16777 8 No 0.27 0.00 0.35 0.51
CFP P27918 8 T1DM, T2DM Network expansion 0.30 0.00 0.25 0.45
GMPPA Q96IJ6 8 Other No 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.28
CFI P05156 8 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
ST6GAL1 P15907 8 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.27
CD209 Q9NNX6 8 T1DM, GDM No 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26
CHST3 Q7LGC8 8 T1DM, T2DM No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
CNTNAP3 Q9BZ76 8 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
H1-0 P07305 7 Other No 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.29
KRT8 P05787 7 GDM No 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.28
H1-1 Q02539 7 T1DM No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
STC2 O76061 7 T2DM, Other No 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.23
H2AW Q7L7L0 7 No 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21
MAPK8IP2 Q13387 7 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
CFHR4 Q92496 6 No 0.57 0.00 0.76 0.89
C1S P09871 6 No 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.18
LGALS3BP Q08380 5 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21
ITM2B Q9Y287 4 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.17
CA11 O75493 - No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
FCGR1A P12314 - No 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.94
FCAR P24071 - No 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.44
C4B P0C0L5 - T1DM No 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.31
C4B_2 P0C0L5 - T1DM No 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.31
GP6 Q9HCN6 - T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.27
S100A12 P80511 - T2DM, Other RHAPSODY partner suggestion 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.18
ENPP7
TTC17 Q96AE7 29 No 0.13 0.00 0.26 0.33
ACER2 Q5QJU3 22 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
ASAH2 Q9NR71 19 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
CERS6 Q6ZMG9 19 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
PIGF Q07326 18 No 0.08 0.00 0.14 0.18
CERS4 Q9HA82 17 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
SGPP1 Q9BX95 17 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
CERS2 Q96G23 17 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
ACER1 Q8TDN7 16 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
CERS3 Q8IU89 16 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
PLPP3 O14495 15 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
SGPP2 Q8IWX5 14 Other No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
PLPP2 O43688 14 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
ASAH1 Q13510 13 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
GBA2 Q9HCG7 11 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
DEGS2 Q6QHC5 11 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
DEGS1 O15121 10 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
GBA P04062 9 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
LRRC73 Q5JTD7 - No 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.26
CERS5 Q8N5B7 - No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
FAS
SFXN5 Q8TD22 23 No 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.22
TNFRSF10A O00220 22 T1DM, T2DM, GDM No 0.00 0.60 0.42 0.76
GGCX P38435 22 No 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.34
UFSP2 Q9NUQ7 22 No 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.22
SPATA5L1 Q9BVQ7 22 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
ACAD9 Q9H845 21 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
NDUFAF1 Q9Y375 20 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.19
PEX1 O43933 18 Other No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
MAP3K5 Q99683 17 T1DM, T2DM No 0.64 0.90 0.00 0.96
PEA15 Q15121 17 T2DM No 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.28
HNF4A P41235 17 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26
PDXDC1 Q6P996 17 T2DM No 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.22
CAV1 Q03135 16 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.48 0.00 0.46 0.71
HSPA5 P11021 16 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
MAPK8 P45983 15 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.64
TRAF2 Q12933 15 No 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.60
LGALS3 P17931 15 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.33
PIK3R1 P27986 15 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
ATG5 Q9H1Y0 14 T2DM, Other No 0.48 0.00 0.25 0.59
CD40 P25942 14 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53
TNFSF13 O75888 14 No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
LTA P01374 14 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.06 0.00 0.19 0.20
C1QC P02747 14 No 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.18
TNFRSF1A P19438 13 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.29 0.00 0.40 0.55
WDR11 Q9BZH6 13 T2DM, Other No 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.42
MAP1LC3B Q9GZQ8 13 T2DM No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
PSTPIP1 O43586 13 T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25
C1QA P02745 13 No 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.18
FASLG P48023 12 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.65 0.90 0.90 1.00
FAF1 Q9UNN5 12 T2DM No 0.50 0.90 0.45 0.97
SQSTM1 Q13501 12 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
ANK3 Q12955 12 T1DM No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
NRP1 O14786 12 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16
TNFRSF10B O14763 11 T1DM, T2DM No 0.29 0.60 0.00 0.70
PLCG1 P19174 11 T2DM No 0.27 0.00 0.61 0.70
RHOA P61586 11 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.65
HIPK3 Q9H422 11 T2DM, Other No 0.34 0.00 0.28 0.50
TRAF3 Q13114 11 T2DM No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
CANX P27824 11 No 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25
ARF5 P84085 11 T2DM No 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.24
GPD1L Q8N335 11 No 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.20
UNC5B Q8IZJ1 11 GDM No 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.18
RIPK1 Q13546 10 No 0.44 0.90 0.47 0.97
CASP10 Q92851 10 No 0.52 0.90 0.47 0.97
FAIM2 Q9BWQ8 10 T2DM, GDM No 0.27 0.90 0.00 0.92
PTPN13 Q12923 10 No 0.48 0.00 0.41 0.68
TNFSF10 P50591 10 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.60
FYN P06241 10 T2DM, GDM No 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50
LCK P06239 10 T1DM No 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.48
HSPA8 P11142 10 No 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.43
CTNNB1 P35222 10 T1DM, T2DM, GDM No 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.39
CASP3 P42574 10 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.06 0.36 0.00 0.37
TUBB4A P04350 10 Other No 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.28
HSPA4 P34932 10 No 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.27
EIF2AK3 Q9NZJ5 10 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
FCGR2B P31994 10 T2DM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.23
CDYL Q9Y232 10 No 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.22
TUBB2B Q9BVA1 10 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
UGDH O60701 10 No 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.19
CFLAR O15519 9 T2DM No 0.49 0.90 0.45 0.97
SRC P12931 9 T1DM, T2DM No 0.48 0.90 0.20 0.95
BTK Q06187 9 No 0.00 0.90 0.07 0.90
SYK P43405 9 Other No 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.90
SUMO1 P63165 9 T1DM, T2DM No 0.48 0.00 0.61 0.79
BID P55957 9 T1DM No 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.65
RAP1A P62834 9 T2DM, GDM No 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.55
UBE2I P63279 9 T2DM No 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50
HIPK2 Q9H2X6 9 No 0.10 0.00 0.41 0.45
TRIP6 Q15654 9 No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
CD44 P16070 9 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.25
TUBB2A Q13885 9 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
CASP8 Q14790 8 T1DM, T2DM No 0.53 0.90 0.94 1.00
FADD Q13158 8 T1DM No 0.95 0.90 0.91 1.00
YES1 P07947 8 No 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.48
BMP1 P13497 8 No 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.29
APAF1 O14727 8 No 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.24
RUFY1 Q96T51 8 T2DM No 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.23
EGFR P00533 7 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
EZR P15311 7 T1DM No 0.47 0.00 0.16 0.54
FEM1B Q9UK73 7 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.21 0.00 0.28 0.41
PML P29590 7 T1DM, T2DM No 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.34
MSN P26038 7 T2DM No 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.30
ARHGDIA P52565 7 T1DM, Other No 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.29
RARA P10276 7 T2DM No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
IFNB1 P01574 7 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26
RHOBTB3 O94955 7 No 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.22
LYN P07948 7 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.22
UBA7 P41226 7 T2DM No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
FAF2 Q96CS3 7 No 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.20
KRIT1 O00522 6 No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
TUBB3 Q13509 6 No 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.24
DPH1 Q9BZG8 6 No 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.23
RDX P35241 6 T1DM, T2DM No 0.06 0.00 0.20 0.21
FBF1 Q8TES7 6 Other No 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.19
C17orf75 Q9HAS0 5 No 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.63
PLK3 Q9H4B4 5 No 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.40
PRAM1 Q96QH2 5 No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
PDCD6 O75340 5 No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
PLK1 P53350 5 T2DM, GDM No 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20
MAP1S Q66K74 5 No 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.19
INPP5D Q92835 4 T1DM, T2DM No 0.27 0.00 0.25 0.43
TP63 Q9H3D4 4 No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
EEF1AKNMT Q8N6R0 4 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
INTS2 Q9H0H0 4 No 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.19
BABAM2 Q9NXR7 3 No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
CTU2 Q2VPK5 3 No 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.24
FAM91A1 Q658Y4 - No 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.41
FAM118B Q9BPY3 - No 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.23
TIMM29 Q9BSF4 - No 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.23
DAXX Q9UER7 - T1DM No 0.66 0.90 0.39 0.98
TRADD Q15628 - No 0.46 0.90 0.28 0.96
CALM1 P0DP23 - T1DM, GDM No 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80
PRKCA P17252 - T1DM, T2DM No 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.55
TNF P01375 - T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.28 0.00 0.19 0.39
ABHD11 Q8NFV4 - Other No 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.39
CASP8AP2 Q9UKL3 - No 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.34
CHD1L Q86WJ1 - T2DM No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
GDF15
INSR P06213 27 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
ERN1 O75460 26 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.15 0.00 0.07 0.17
PRKCZ Q05513 23 T2DM, GDM No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
GSK3A P49840 22 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.15 0.00 0.06 0.16
IGF1R P08069 17 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other RHAPSODY partner suggestion 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
IRAK3 Q9Y616 16 T1DM, T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
GSK3B P49841 15 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
STAT5A P42229 14 T1DM, T2DM, GDM No 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.25
ACVR1C Q8NER5 14 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
PRKCI P41743 14 No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
SETD4 Q9NVD3 13 Other No 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.26
MAP3K11 Q16584 13 No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
IRAK4 Q9NWZ3 13 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
ACVRL1 P37023 12 No 0.15 0.00 0.30 0.38
CDC42BPG Q6DT37 12 No 0.15 0.00 0.14 0.23
CDC42BPB Q9Y5S2 12 No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
MAP3K21 Q5TCX8 12 No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
ROCK1 Q13464 12 T1DM, T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
CCN3 P48745 12 T2DM Network expansion 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.17
ACVR2A P27037 12 No 0.15 0.00 0.06 0.16
IRAK1 P51617 12 T1DM, T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
MAP3K9 P80192 11 No 0.15 0.00 0.11 0.21
ROCK2 O75116 11 T1DM, T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
MAP3K10 Q02779 11 No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
COL12A1 Q99715 11 No 0.08 0.00 0.14 0.17
RIPK3 Q9Y572 11 T1DM, T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.07 0.17
ACVR1B P36896 11 No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
LIMK2 P53671 11 No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
PASK Q96RG2 11 T2DM, Other No 0.15 0.00 0.04 0.15
BMPR1A P36894 10 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.10 0.20
AXL P30530 10 T1DM, T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
IRAK2 O43187 10 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
NTRK1 P04629 10 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
ERN2 Q76MJ5 10 No 0.15 0.00 0.06 0.16
TGFBR2 P37173 9 T1DM, T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.42 0.49
NTRK2 Q16620 9 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
RIPK2 O43353 9 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
BMPR1B O00238 9 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.07 0.17
GDNF P39905 9 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16
PTK7 Q13308 9 No 0.15 0.00 0.04 0.15
LRRK2 Q5S007 9 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.15
SAE1 Q9UBE0 8 T2DM No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
CDC42BPA Q5VT25 8 No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
NTRK3 Q16288 8 No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
PTK6 Q13882 8 No 0.15 0.00 0.06 0.17
MET P08581 8 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
MERTK Q12866 8 T2DM, Other No 0.15 0.00 0.06 0.16
TWSG1 Q9GZX9 7 T1DM No 0.10 0.00 0.65 0.67
VIM P08670 7 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.14 0.00 0.27 0.34
GFRA1 P56159 7 No 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.27
ABL2 P42684 7 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
ALK Q9UM73 7 T1DM, Other No 0.15 0.00 0.06 0.17
MDM2 Q00987 6 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25
NUP58 Q9BVL2 6 T1DM No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
NLGN3 Q9NZ94 6 T2DM No 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.19
FES P07332 6 No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
PKDCC Q504Y2 6 No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
RET P07949 5 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.80 0.00 0.27 0.85
ENG P17813 5 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
CIT O14578 5 No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
ROS1 P08922 5 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
GFRAL Q6UXV0 4 T2DM No 0.80 0.00 0.90 0.98
MDFI Q99750 4 No 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.28
CBX3 Q13185 4 No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
INSRR P14616 4 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.18
MST1R Q04912 3 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
FER P16591 3 Other No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
CCN2 P29279 - T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.28
LIMK1 P53667 - No 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.16
GGT1
DPP4 P27487 38 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other Abbasi et al, 2016 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.23
NAMPT P43490 35 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other Network expansion 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.19
APOB P04114 34 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other Abbasi et al, 2016 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.27
GPX1 P07203 22 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
GPX8 Q8TED1 19 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
GPX3 P22352 19 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
GSTO2 Q9H4Y5 18 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
GSTA4 O15217 17 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.06 0.66
HNF4A P41235 17 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25
GGT2 P36268 16 No 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.54
CYP2E1 P05181 16 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26
GSTM5 P46439 15 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.14 0.69
GPX2 P18283 15 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
GSTM4 Q03013 14 No 0.00 0.65 0.16 0.69
GSTM1 P09488 14 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.65 0.14 0.69
GPX7 Q96SL4 14 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
GPX6 P59796 14 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
GSTT2B P0CG30 14 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
GSTA1 P08263 13 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.00 0.65 0.06 0.66
GGT7 Q9UJ14 13 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
GPX5 O75715 13 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
SMARCAD1 Q9H4L7 13 T2DM No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
GSTM2 P28161 12 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.16 0.69
GSTA2 P09210 12 No 0.00 0.65 0.06 0.66
GSTA3 Q16772 12 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.06 0.66
MGST3 O14880 12 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
GSTM3 P21266 11 No 0.00 0.65 0.12 0.68
GSTA5 Q7RTV2 11 No 0.00 0.65 0.06 0.66
MGST1 P10620 11 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
GYG1 P46976 11 T2DM No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
CD53 P19397 11 No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
CANX P27824 11 No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
GGT6 Q6P531 10 No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
MGST2 Q99735 10 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
HPGDS O60760 10 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.05 0.65
DNPEP Q9ULA0 10 No 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16
GSTP1 P09211 9 T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.65 0.06 0.66
CD81 P60033 9 No 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.29
GSTO1 P78417 8 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
NUBPL Q8TB37 8 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
CD82 P27701 7 No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
GGT5 P36269 5 T2DM No 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65
GPT
PRKAA2 P54646 33 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.22
PRKAG1 P54619 30 Other No 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.24
AGXT2 Q9BYV1 21 T2DM No 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.34
H6PD O95479 21 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
ALDH6A1 Q02252 20 T1DM No 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.33
PRKAG2 Q9UGJ0 20 T2DM, Other No 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.24
BDH2 Q9BUT1 20 T2DM No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
NPEPL1 Q8NDH3 19 No 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.26
ALDH9A1 P49189 19 No 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.20
ALDH16A1 Q8IZ83 18 No 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.20
DHRS1 Q96LJ7 18 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
HSD17B14 Q9BPX1 17 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
TKTL2 Q9H0I9 15 No 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.28
TKT P29401 15 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.28
CAT P04040 15 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
ALDH2 P05091 15 T1DM, T2DM No 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.26
SASS6 Q6UVJ0 15 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
CES3 Q6UWW8 15 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
ALDH8A1 Q9H2A2 14 No 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.20
BCAT2 O15382 14 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20
DECR1 Q16698 14 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
CES2 O00748 13 Other No 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.23
HSPD1 P10809 13 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
DECR2 Q9NUI1 13 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
CEL P19835 13 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
ACO1 P21399 13 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
ACO2 Q99798 12 T1DM, T2DM No 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.34
PEPD P12955 12 T2DM, GDM No 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.34
FH P07954 12 T1DM, T2DM No 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.34
LAP3 P28838 12 T1DM, T2DM No 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.26
ALDH1A2 O94788 12 T2DM No 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.26
TKTL1 P51854 12 No 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.26
CES1 P23141 12 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.23
BCAT1 P54687 12 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20
HSDL2 Q6YN16 12 T1DM No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
ALDH7A1 P49419 11 T1DM, T2DM No 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.34
PHYHD1 Q5SRE7 11 Network expansion 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.26
SI P14410 11 T2DM No 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.25
DHRS4 Q9BTZ2 11 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
CTBP2 P56545 11 T1DM, GDM No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
IREB2 P48200 11 Other No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
TALDO1 P37837 10 No 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.34
ALDH1B1 P30837 10 Other No 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.26
GAA P10253 10 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.25
G6PD P11413 10 T1DM No 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.24
ALDH1A3 P47895 10 T2DM No 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.20
TPI1 P60174 9 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.34
GBA P04062 9 No 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.19
ATP6V1D Q9Y5K8 9 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
CES4A Q5XG92 9 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
ALDH1A1 P00352 8 T2DM No 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.26
DHRS2 Q13268 8 T2DM No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
CTBP1 Q13363 8 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
FOLR1 P15328 7 No 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.47
PHYH O14832 7 T2DM No 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.34
ABAT P80404 7 T1DM No 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.34
PHGDH O43175 7 T1DM, T2DM No 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.34
CAPN1 P07384 7 T2DM No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
MGAM O43451 7 T1DM, T2DM, GDM No 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.25
MYORG Q6NSJ0 7 No 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.24
DHRS4L2 Q6PKH6 7 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
AP2M1 Q96CW1 7 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
NLGN2 Q8NFZ4 7 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
NLGN1 Q8N2Q7 7 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
NLGN4X Q8N0W4 7 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
CFL1 P23528 6 T1DM, T2DM No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
MDM2 Q00987 6 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.24
HLTF Q14527 6 T1DM No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
NLGN3 Q9NZ94 6 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
DCAF7 P61962 5 T2DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
CES5A Q6NT32 4 No 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.23
RALA P11233 4 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
PECR Q9BY49 3 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
MGAM2 Q2M2H8 - T2DM No 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.25
PRKAB2 O43741 - T2DM, Other No 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.22
IL18R1
SCT P09683 21 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.28
IL18 Q14116 19 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other Abbasi et al, 2016 0.93 0.90 0.91 1.00
IL33 O95760 15 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.54 0.54
IL37 Q9NZH6 13 T1DM, T2DM, GDM No 0.28 0.60 0.78 0.93
IL18RAP O95256 12 T1DM No 0.80 0.90 0.91 1.00
SIGIRR Q6IA17 12 No 0.00 0.60 0.60 0.84
IRAK1 P51617 12 T1DM, T2DM No 0.05 0.00 0.19 0.19
SLC12A3 P55017 12 T1DM, T2DM No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
TICAM2 Q86XR7 11 No 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21
DNMT3A Q9Y6K1 10 T1DM, T2DM, GDM No 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.43
IL1RAPL1 Q9NZN1 8 No 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.56
RTN4R
BUD13 Q9BRD0 31 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
CAB39 Q9Y376 23 No 0.17 0.00 0.11 0.23
CISD3 P0C7P0 23 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
SORT1 Q99523 20 T2DM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.38
MRPS16 Q9Y3D3 20 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
SLC25A10 Q9UBX3 20 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
RPL3L Q92901 20 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.16
SNAPC4 Q5SXM2 19 T1DM, T2DM No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
PTPRQ Q9UMZ3 18 No 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.27
MRPL33 O75394 18 T1DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
CTH P32929 17 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25
TNFRSF1B P20333 17 T1DM, T2DM, GDM Abbasi et al, 2016 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21
PTPRA P18433 17 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
STK25 O00506 17 T1DM, T2DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
CAB39L Q9H9S4 16 No 0.17 0.00 0.11 0.23
PTPRE P23469 16 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
NWD1 Q149M9 16 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
NRXN3 Q9Y4C0 16 T2DM No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
FXN Q16595 16 T2DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
MRPS5 P82675 16 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
MRPL12 P52815 16 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
SNRPN P63162 16 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
SUOX P51687 15 T1DM, T2DM No 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.19
PTPRT O14522 15 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
USHBP1 Q8N6Y0 15 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
MRPL21 Q7Z2W9 15 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
MRPL4 Q9BYD3 15 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
MT-ND1 P03886 14 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.61 0.61
LTA P01374 14 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.44
ZMAT5 Q9UDW3 14 T2DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
S1PR2 O95136 13 T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.37
KDR P35968 13 T1DM, T2DM, GDM No 0.08 0.00 0.26 0.29
LY86 O95711 13 Other No 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.20
PTPRD P23468 13 T2DM, GDM No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
SNRPB2 P08579 13 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
SART1 O43290 13 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
PPP1CC P36873 13 No 0.16 0.00 0.05 0.16
PPP1CB P62140 13 T1DM, T2DM No 0.16 0.00 0.05 0.16
PPP3CB P16298 13 No 0.16 0.00 0.05 0.16
RNPC3 Q96LT9 12 T2DM No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
PTPRS Q13332 12 T1DM No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
STK24 Q9Y6E0 12 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
LSM8 O95777 12 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
PPP3CC P48454 12 No 0.16 0.00 0.05 0.16
PPP2CA P67775 12 T2DM No 0.16 0.00 0.05 0.16
SNRPD1 P62314 12 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
MSRB3 Q8IXL7 12 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
MSRB2 Q9Y3D2 12 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
ACTB P60709 11 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.10 0.00 0.31 0.35
ITGB1 P05556 11 T1DM, T2DM, GDM No 0.04 0.00 0.23 0.24
BUD31 P41223 11 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
SNRPG P62308 11 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
PRPF39 Q86UA1 11 T1DM No 0.17 0.00 0.06 0.19
PTPRK Q15262 11 T1DM No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
GFM1 Q96RP9 11 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
MRPL27 Q9P0M9 11 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
CWF19L2 Q2TBE0 11 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
MYBL1 P10243 11 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
POTEF A5A3E0 11 No 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.15
IFNG P01579 10 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.34
PTPRC P08575 10 T1DM, T2DM, GDM No 0.18 0.00 0.09 0.22
ITGAV P06756 10 T1DM, GDM No 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20
MRPL17 Q9NRX2 10 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
NTN5 Q8WTR8 10 T1DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
CTNNB1 P35222 10 T1DM, T2DM, GDM No 0.06 0.00 0.14 0.16
PPEF2 O14830 10 No 0.16 0.00 0.05 0.16
ANPEP P15144 9 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.90
APP P05067 9 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.05 0.00 0.84 0.84
ROBO2 Q9HCK4 9 T2DM No 0.13 0.00 0.19 0.27
IL20RA Q9UHF4 9 T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.25
MYOC Q99972 9 No 0.06 0.00 0.23 0.24
CNTNAP1 P78357 9 T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.19
SNRPA P09012 9 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
EFL1 Q7Z2Z2 9 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
EEF2 P13639 9 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
PPP5C P53041 9 No 0.16 0.00 0.05 0.16
NAA38 Q9BRA0 9 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
POTEI P0CG38 9 No 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.15
LSM6 P62312 9 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
RHO P08100 9 T1DM, T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.15
NGFR P08138 8 T1DM, T2DM No 0.50 0.90 0.90 0.99
MAG P20916 8 No 0.24 0.90 0.73 0.98
LILRB3 O75022 8 No 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.42
RTN1 Q16799 8 No 0.17 0.00 0.31 0.41
ADAM22 Q9P0K1 8 T1DM No 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.36
PLRG1 O43660 8 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
SF3B3 Q15393 8 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
OLFM1 Q99784 8 No 0.06 0.00 0.19 0.20
NTN1 O95631 8 T1DM, T2DM, GDM No 0.17 0.00 0.07 0.19
FGFR1 P11362 8 T1DM, T2DM No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.17
LSM7 Q9UK45 8 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
STK26 Q9P289 8 Other No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
SRRM2 Q9UQ35 8 T2DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
PPP3CA Q08209 8 Other No 0.16 0.00 0.05 0.16
TTF1 Q15361 8 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
PPP4C P60510 8 T1DM No 0.16 0.00 0.05 0.16
MYB P10242 8 T2DM, Other No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
PPP2CB P62714 8 No 0.16 0.00 0.05 0.16
SNRPD2 P62316 8 T2DM No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
SNRPB P14678 8 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
SNIP1 Q8TAD8 8 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
ARHGDIA P52565 7 T1DM, Other No 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.90
RBM25 P49756 7 No 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.35
SNRPF P62306 7 No 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.22
SNW1 Q13573 7 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
XAB2 Q9HCS7 7 GDM No 0.18 0.00 0.06 0.20
ROBO1 Q9Y6N7 7 No 0.13 0.00 0.11 0.19
SF3B5 Q9BWJ5 7 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
ASCC3 Q8N3C0 7 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
MAP3K8 P41279 7 T2DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
CWC22 Q9HCG8 7 T1DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
CWC25 Q9NXE8 7 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
MRPL20 Q9BYC9 7 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
PPP1CA P62136 7 No 0.16 0.00 0.05 0.16
LSM3 P62310 7 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
PPEF1 O14829 7 No 0.16 0.00 0.05 0.16
CNTN1 Q12860 7 T1DM No 0.08 0.00 0.12 0.15
LSM5 Q9Y4Y9 7 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
EGFR P00533 7 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.07 0.00 0.12 0.15
SNRPD3 P62318 7 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
MSRB1 Q9NZV6 7 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
RTN4 Q9NQC3 6 T2DM No 0.24 0.90 0.90 0.99
KIAA0319L Q8IZA0 6 T1DM No 0.27 0.00 0.47 0.59
TNFSF13B Q9Y275 6 T1DM, T2DM, GDM No 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.44
PRPF19 Q9UMS4 6 No 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.22
SF3A3 Q12874 6 T1DM No 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.20
HEATR6 Q6AI08 6 No 0.18 0.00 0.06 0.20
NTNG1 Q9Y2I2 6 No 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.20
TFIP11 Q9UBB9 6 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
PTPRU Q92729 6 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
NRXN2 Q9P2S2 6 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
NTNG2 Q96CW9 6 T2DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
RPS2 P15880 6 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
NTN3 O00634 6 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
EFTUD2 Q15029 6 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
MRPS9 P82933 6 T2DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
PRPF6 O94906 6 T1DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
RPL4 P36578 6 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
DMTF1 Q9Y222 6 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
SLU7 O95391 6 T1DM No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
LINGO1 Q96FE5 5 T2DM No 0.48 0.90 0.90 0.99
OMG P23515 5 T2DM No 0.30 0.90 0.90 0.99
LGI1 O95970 5 Other No 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.29
RTN4RL1 Q86UN2 5 No 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.29
MYCN P04198 5 T2DM No 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26
PRPF40B Q6NWY9 5 No 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.24
SF3B2 Q13435 5 No 0.21 0.00 0.06 0.23
RBM22 Q9NW64 5 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
CCDC130 P13994 5 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
PTPRM P28827 5 T2DM No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
HFM1 A2PYH4 5 T1DM, T2DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
PPT1 P50897 5 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
RPL3 P39023 5 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.16
MYBL2 P10244 5 T2DM No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
MRPL3 P09001 5 T2DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.16
CDC5L Q99459 5 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
RPS16 P62249 5 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
SNRPE P62304 5 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
POTEE Q6S8J3 5 No 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.15
LSM10 Q969L4 5 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
PRPF8 Q6P2Q9 4 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
CDC40 O60508 4 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
PTPRF P10586 4 T2DM No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
SF3A1 Q15459 4 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
LSM4 Q9Y4Z0 4 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
AQR O60306 4 T2DM No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
SNRPC P09234 4 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
RBMX2 Q9Y388 4 No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
TNFRSF19 Q9NS68 3 No 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.88
RHOH Q15669 3 No 0.10 0.00 0.61 0.64
RTN4RL2 Q86UN3 3 No 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.27
ROBO3 Q96MS0 3 No 0.13 0.00 0.14 0.22
CRNKL1 Q9BZJ0 3 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
SYF2 O95926 3 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
BCAS2 O75934 3 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
SF3A2 Q15428 3 No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
SNRNP200 O75643 3 No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
PPP1R42 Q7Z4L9 3 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
SNRNP40 Q96DI7 3 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
DAW1 Q8N136 3 No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
SF3B1 O75533 2 No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
WDR25 Q64LD2 - No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
GPATCH8 Q9UKJ3 - No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
ISY1 Q9ULR0 - No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
YJU2 Q9BW85 - No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
ZMAT2 Q96NC0 - No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
PRPF4 O43172 - No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
PPP5D1 E7EU14 - No 0.16 0.00 0.05 0.16
POTEJ P0CG39 - No 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.15
TNF P01375 - T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.88
MOG Q16653 - T1DM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.34
PPP1R11 O60927 - T1DM No 0.18 0.00 0.08 0.22
CWC15 Q9P013 - No 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.21
SF3B4 Q15427 - T2DM No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
NRXN1 Q9ULB1 - T1DM No 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.18
SRRM3 A6NNA2 - No 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.17
PPT2 Q9UMR5 - T2DM No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
PRPF3 O43395 - T1DM No 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.16
LSM2 Q9Y333 - No 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15

High-confidence interactions only

Protein-protein interaction partners
Diabetes association
Confidence scores for interaction
Interaction partner UniProt ID Diabetes textmining % Diabetes associations Suggested diabetes biomarker Experimental score Database score Textmining score Combined score
CRP
OLR1 P78380 26 T2DM, GDM RHAPSODY partner suggestion 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.88
C1QA P02745 13 No 0.57 0.60 0.26 0.86
FCN2 Q15485 11 T1DM Network expansion 0.27 0.00 0.83 0.87
C4A P0C0L4 11 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.72
CFH P08603 10 T1DM, T2DM, GDM Network expansion 0.73 0.00 0.90 0.97
FCGR2A P12318 10 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.46 0.00 0.90 0.94
C3 P01024 10 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other Abbasi et al, 2016 0.48 0.00 0.66 0.82
FCGR2B P31994 10 T2DM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
C4BPA P04003 9 No 0.42 0.00 0.54 0.72
FCN1 O00602 8 T1DM No 0.30 0.00 0.86 0.90
CFHR4 Q92496 6 No 0.57 0.00 0.76 0.89
FCGR1A P12314 - No 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.94
FAS
TNFRSF10A O00220 22 T1DM, T2DM, GDM No 0.00 0.60 0.42 0.76
MAP3K5 Q99683 17 T1DM, T2DM No 0.64 0.90 0.00 0.96
CAV1 Q03135 16 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.48 0.00 0.46 0.71
FASLG P48023 12 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.65 0.90 0.90 1.00
FAF1 Q9UNN5 12 T2DM No 0.50 0.90 0.45 0.97
TNFRSF10B O14763 11 T1DM, T2DM No 0.29 0.60 0.00 0.70
PLCG1 P19174 11 T2DM No 0.27 0.00 0.61 0.70
RIPK1 Q13546 10 No 0.44 0.90 0.47 0.97
CASP10 Q92851 10 No 0.52 0.90 0.47 0.97
FAIM2 Q9BWQ8 10 T2DM, GDM No 0.27 0.90 0.00 0.92
CFLAR O15519 9 T2DM No 0.49 0.90 0.45 0.97
SRC P12931 9 T1DM, T2DM No 0.48 0.90 0.20 0.95
BTK Q06187 9 No 0.00 0.90 0.07 0.90
SYK P43405 9 Other No 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.90
SUMO1 P63165 9 T1DM, T2DM No 0.48 0.00 0.61 0.79
CASP8 Q14790 8 T1DM, T2DM No 0.53 0.90 0.94 1.00
FADD Q13158 8 T1DM No 0.95 0.90 0.91 1.00
EGFR P00533 7 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
DAXX Q9UER7 - T1DM No 0.66 0.90 0.39 0.98
TRADD Q15628 - No 0.46 0.90 0.28 0.96
CALM1 P0DP23 - T1DM, GDM No 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80
GDF15
RET P07949 5 T1DM, T2DM, Other No 0.80 0.00 0.27 0.85
GFRAL Q6UXV0 4 T2DM No 0.80 0.00 0.90 0.98
IL18R1
IL18 Q14116 19 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other Abbasi et al, 2016 0.93 0.90 0.91 1.00
IL37 Q9NZH6 13 T1DM, T2DM, GDM No 0.28 0.60 0.78 0.93
IL18RAP O95256 12 T1DM No 0.80 0.90 0.91 1.00
SIGIRR Q6IA17 12 No 0.00 0.60 0.60 0.84
RTN4R
ANPEP P15144 9 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.90
APP P05067 9 T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.05 0.00 0.84 0.84
NGFR P08138 8 T1DM, T2DM No 0.50 0.90 0.90 0.99
MAG P20916 8 No 0.24 0.90 0.73 0.98
ARHGDIA P52565 7 T1DM, Other No 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.90
RTN4 Q9NQC3 6 T2DM No 0.24 0.90 0.90 0.99
LINGO1 Q96FE5 5 T2DM No 0.48 0.90 0.90 0.99
OMG P23515 5 T2DM No 0.30 0.90 0.90 0.99
TNFRSF19 Q9NS68 3 No 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.88
TNF P01375 - T1DM, T2DM, GDM, Other No 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.88

About

Summary table showing all interaction partners for each target together with additional information:

  • UniProt ID (UniProt): Link to UniProt for additional information on the target

  • Diabetes textmining % (in-house data): Percentage of co-mentions from textmining relating to diabetes vs. all other diseases. For more information on the data source, see Westergaard et al. PLoS Computational Biology 2018)

  • Diabetes associations (Open Targets): Gene-disease (diabetes mellitus) association through experiments or clinical trials. Direct associations with T1DM, T2DM and GDM are shown specifically, while all other diabetes mellitus diseases are included in “Other”.

  • Suggested biomarker: Known and suggested biomarkers from Abbasi et al, 2016, RHAPSODY partners (collected by the RHAPSODY biomarker taskforce) and based on PPI-network analysis of known biomarkers (in-house Analysis).

  • Experimental score: STRING experimental score derived from experimental data, such as, affinity chromatography. The experimental data is extracted from the databases BIND, DIP, GRID, HPRD, IntAct, MINT, and PID.

  • Database score: STRING database score derived from curated data of Biocarta, BioCyc, GO, KEGG, and Reactome.

  • Textmining score: STRING textmining score derived from co-occurrence of gene/protein names in abstracts

  • Combined score: STRING combined score of interaction confidence. Interactions with a combined score > 0.7 is deemed a high-confidence interaction.

High-confidence interaction partners with a confidence score ≥ 0.156 are shown in blue, while suggested interaction partners are shown in gray.

en-dash (-) indicates that no information was available for the target.

4.2 Over Representation Analysis

4.2.1 Network features

Over-represented terms were found for:

Biological process GO-terms, Cellular component GO-terms, Molecular function GO-terms, KEGG pathways, Reactome pathways, Wikipathways, GLAD4U diseases, GLAD4U drugs

Biological process GO-terms

Biological process GO-term enrichment in PPI networks

Biological process GO-term enrichment in PPI networks

Cellular component GO-terms

Cellular component GO-term enrichment in PPI networks

Cellular component GO-term enrichment in PPI networks

Molecular function GO-terms

Molecular function GO-term enrichment in PPI networks

Molecular function GO-term enrichment in PPI networks

KEGG pathways

KEGG pathways enrichment in PPI networks

KEGG pathways enrichment in PPI networks

Reactome pathways

Reactome pathways enrichment in PPI networks

Reactome pathways enrichment in PPI networks

Wikipathways

Wikipathways enrichment in PPI networks

Wikipathways enrichment in PPI networks

GLAD4U diseases

GLAD4U disease enrichment in PPI networks

GLAD4U disease enrichment in PPI networks

GLAD4U drugs

GLAD4U drug enrichment in PPI networks

GLAD4U drug enrichment in PPI networks

Table

Shared enrichment terms
Term Source link Targets Enrichment ratio FDR
Biological process GO-terms
membrane lipid metabolic process link ENPP7 63 0.00e+00
peptide catabolic process link GGT1 56 5.37e-05
cellular modified amino acid catabolic process link GGT1 53 5.85e-05
interferon-gamma production link IL18R1 53 5.08e-04
protein activation cascade link CRP 47 0.00e+00
cellular modified amino acid biosynthetic process link GGT1 39 1.38e-05
natural killer cell activation link IL18R1 38 0.060
cofactor catabolic process link GGT1 36 1.51e-06
liposaccharide metabolic process link ENPP7 36 5.55e-05
cellular modified amino acid metabolic process link GGT1 34 0.00e+00
NIK/NF-kappaB signaling link IL18R1 34 0.007
production of molecular mediator of immune response link IL18R1 29 0.001
ammonium ion metabolic process link ENPP7 27 1.22e-06
fatty acid derivative metabolic process link GGT1 25 7.09e-10
necrotic cell death link FAS 25 8.41e-10
acute inflammatory response link CRP 24 0.00e+00
sulfur compound metabolic process link GGT1 24 0.00e+00
humoral immune response link CRP 23 0.00e+00
interleukin-8 production link CRP 23 1.77e-06
response to xenobiotic stimulus link GGT1 20 6.29e-14
adaptive thermogenesis link IL18R1 19 0.196
lymphocyte mediated immunity link IL18R1 18 0.028
regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity link IL18R1 17 0.001
lymphocyte activation involved in immune response link IL18R1 17 0.215
positive regulation of cytokine production link IL18R1 16 0.001
phagocytosis link CRP 15 1.18e-12
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway link FAS 15 0.00e+00
adaptive immune response link IL18R1 15 0.007
lymphocyte mediated immunity link CRP 14 1.33e-10
regulation of immune effector process link IL18R1 14 0.008
foam cell differentiation link CRP 12 0.218
activation of protein kinase activity link GDF15 12 4.72e-14
response to transforming growth factor beta link GDF15 11 2.11e-08
adaptive immune response link CRP 10 2.16e-10
fatty acid metabolic process link GGT1 10 2.49e-06
dicarboxylic acid metabolic process link GGT1 10 0.153
regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway link FAS 10 0.00e+00
positive regulation of proteolysis link FAS 10 0.00e+00
lipid catabolic process link ENPP7 10 0.061
response to BMP link GDF15 10 3.21e-04
cytokine secretion link CRP 9 1.60e-04
organic acid biosynthetic process link GGT1 9 7.82e-06
response to estradiol link GGT1 9 0.187
organic acid biosynthetic process link GPT 9 5.54e-08
regulation of peptidase activity link FAS 9 0.00e+00
transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway link GDF15 9 5.61e-08
cofactor biosynthetic process link GGT1 8 0.007
small molecule catabolic process link GPT 8 1.27e-07
phospholipid metabolic process link ENPP7 8 0.040
regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity link GDF15 8 8.41e-11
protein kinase B signaling link GDF15 8 1.44e-05
feeding behavior link GDF15 8 0.048
response to mechanical stimulus link FAS 7 3.11e-06
response to peptide link GDF15 7 2.76e-09
response to axon injury link RTN4R 7 0.009
response to molecule of bacterial origin link GGT1 6 0.112
cellular response to external stimulus link FAS 6 1.10e-07
stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade link FAS 6 1.40e-06
T cell activation link IL18R1 6 0.630
multicellular organismal homeostasis link IL18R1 6 0.640
leukocyte differentiation link IL18R1 6 0.678
regulation of developmental growth link GDF15 6 8.03e-04
maintenance of location link CRP 5 0.018
regulation of inflammatory response link GGT1 5 0.148
cellular amino acid metabolic process link GPT 5 0.003
cellular response to environmental stimulus link FAS 5 2.62e-05
negative regulation of growth link GDF15 5 0.004
negative regulation of cell projection organization link RTN4R 5 0.001
regeneration link RTN4R 5 0.001
regulation of peptide secretion link CRP 4 0.028
lipid localization link CRP 4 0.032
defense response to other organism link CRP 4 0.057
reactive oxygen species metabolic process link CRP 4 0.354
cellular amino acid metabolic process link GGT1 4 0.431
response to nutrient levels link FAS 4 1.40e-04
response to oxygen levels link FAS 4 0.001
multicellular organism growth link GDF15 4 0.150
cell-cell fusion link GDF15 4 0.510
syncytium formation link GDF15 4 0.516
axon development link RTN4R 4 1.74e-08
negative regulation of nervous system development link RTN4R 4 3.16e-04
negative regulation of cell development link RTN4R 4 0.002
response to nutrient levels link GDF15 3 0.063
regulation of neuron projection development link RTN4R 3 9.25e-05
regulation of cell morphogenesis link RTN4R 3 0.006
developmental growth involved in morphogenesis link RTN4R 3 0.023
negative regulation of growth link RTN4R 3 0.045
forebrain development link RTN4R 3 0.095
muscle cell differentiation link GDF15 2 0.269
cell growth link RTN4R 2 0.039
regulation of developmental growth link RTN4R 2 0.295
negative regulation of response to external stimulus link RTN4R 2 0.474
regulation of response to wounding link RTN4R 2 0.522
regulation of anatomical structure size link RTN4R 1 0.956
Cellular component GO-terms
membrane region link FAS 8 1.15e-12
dendritic shaft link RTN4R 4 0.669
membrane region link RTN4R 3 0.002
glutamatergic synapse link RTN4R 3 0.005
anchored component of membrane link RTN4R 3 0.254
presynapse link RTN4R 2 0.060
neuronal cell body link RTN4R 2 0.062
GLAD4U diseases
Parotitis link IL18R1 70 0.298
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic link IL18R1 53 0.033
SRS-A link GGT1 51 0.002
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic link IL18R1 49 0.037
Hepatitis, Alcoholic link GGT1 45 2.44e-04
Purpura link IL18R1 43 0.043
Bacteremia link CRP 40 3.38e-09
Microvascular Angina link CRP 40 9.59e-04
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic link GGT1 39 3.64e-04
Selective immunoglobulin G deficiency link CRP 38 4.76e-07
febrile neutropenia link CRP 38 8.80e-05
Actinomycetales Infections link IL18R1 38 6.83e-04
Mycobacterial infection link IL18R1 37 6.83e-04
Mycobacterium Infections link IL18R1 37 6.83e-04
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis link CRP 36 0.014
Environmental allergy link IL18R1 36 0.005
Blood Loss, Surgical link CRP 34 8.97e-09
Periventricular leucomalacia link FAS 34 0.005
Streptococcal Infections link CRP 33 1.07e-08
Vitamin A Deficiency link CRP 33 0.016
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic link GGT1 31 4.71e-06
Psoriasis link IL18R1 31 0.001
Arteritis link CRP 30 1.97e-05
Hypoalbuminaemia link CRP 30 0.018
Postoperative Hemorrhage link CRP 30 0.018
Graves Disease link IL18R1 30 0.008
Osteoarthritis, Knee link IL18R1 30 0.069
Ischemic Attack, Transient link CRP 28 2.89e-05
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute link CRP 28 0.002
Retinal Drusen link CRP 28 0.002
Alcoholic fatty liver link GGT1 28 4.57e-05
Angina Pectoris link CRP 27 6.42e-09
Community-Acquired Infections link CRP 27 2.74e-04
Escherichia coli Infections link CRP 26 4.46e-07
Mumps link IL18R1 26 0.492
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis link CRP 25 0.003
major adverse cardiac events (mace) link CRP 25 0.003
Osteoarthritis link IL18R1 25 0.013
Malabsorption Syndromes link IL18R1 24 0.099
Smallpox link IL18R1 24 0.099
renal transplant failure link CRP 23 1.41e-07
Staphylococcal Infections link CRP 23 5.11e-04
Enterocolitis link CRP 23 0.004
Microvascular Angina link GGT1 23 0.630
Gastroenteritis link IL18R1 23 6.37e-04
Asthma link IL18R1 23 6.37e-04
Crohn Disease link IL18R1 23 0.002
Occupational Diseases link IL18R1 23 0.100
Acute coronary syndrome link CRP 22 1.99e-07
Pregnancy Third Trimester link CRP 22 1.15e-05
Acute-Phase Reaction link CRP 22 7.94e-05
Arteriovenous Fistula link CRP 22 0.031
Respiratory Hypersensitivity link IL18R1 22 0.002
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections link IL18R1 22 0.017
Urinary Tract Infections link CRP 21 0.005
Leprosy link IL18R1 21 0.572
Coronary Stenosis link CRP 20 2.08e-06
Cross Infection link CRP 20 2.45e-06
disease activity score 28 joint in rheumatoid arthritis link CRP 20 0.005
Pulmonary Embolism link CRP 20 0.006
Hyperoxia link FAS 20 4.52e-04
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic link CRP 19 0.00e+00
Lupus erythematosus link CRP 19 0.00e+00
Chronic pericementitis link CRP 19 1.95e-05
Arthritis, Reactive link CRP 19 2.50e-05
Peripheral Vascular Diseases link CRP 19 2.50e-05
Pneumonia, Bacterial link CRP 19 9.47e-04
Carotid Stenosis link CRP 19 0.001
Congenital choledochal cyst link GGT1 19 0.690
hepatic necrosis link FAS 19 8.87e-06
Rubella link IL18R1 19 0.601
Organ Transplantation link CRP 18 3.38e-09
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome link CRP 18 1.41e-07
Angina, Unstable link CRP 18 1.82e-04
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome link CRP 18 0.001
Embolism link CRP 18 0.007
creatinine clearance link CRP 18 0.007
Paroxysmal tachycardia NOS link CRP 18 0.284
Tachycardia, Paroxysmal link CRP 18 0.284
pain crisis link CRP 18 0.284
cessation link GGT1 18 0.151
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases link IL18R1 18 0.004
Carotid Artery Diseases link CRP 17 1.70e-07
Periodontitis link CRP 17 4.64e-05
Pneumococcal Infections link CRP 17 2.28e-04
Shock, Septic link CRP 17 2.28e-04
adverse cardiovascular events link CRP 17 0.002
Sleep Apnea Syndromes link CRP 17 0.008
Respiratory Sounds link CRP 17 0.008
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive link CRP 17 0.008
Hematoma link CRP 17 0.304
Bronchial Diseases link IL18R1 17 0.005
Hypersensitivity link IL18R1 17 0.005
Preterm Infant link IL18R1 17 0.033
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections link IL18R1 17 0.033
Celiac Disease link IL18R1 17 0.161
glomerular disease link CRP 16 9.27e-09
Proteinuria link CRP 16 5.25e-08
Periodontal Diseases link CRP 16 4.98e-05
Hip Injuries link CRP 16 0.053
Lymphopenia link FAS 16 8.00e-07
Lymphocytosis link FAS 16 0.006
Bronchitis link IL18R1 16 0.038
Sepsis link CRP 15 4.20e-07
Kidney Transplantation link CRP 15 4.27e-07
Septicemia link CRP 15 4.46e-07
Vasculitis link CRP 15 4.46e-07
Diabetic Angiopathies link CRP 15 7.18e-05
Reperfusion Injury link CRP 15 7.54e-05
Lung Diseases, Fungal link CRP 15 7.94e-05
Coronary Thrombosis link CRP 15 0.002
Fibromyalgia link CRP 15 0.056
Tachycardia, Sinus link CRP 15 0.320
Bacterial Infections link CRP 14 5.22e-11
visceral obesity link CRP 14 1.82e-05
Urination Disorders link CRP 14 1.06e-04
Periodontal Pocket link CRP 14 1.26e-04
Hypertriglyceridemia link CRP 14 5.29e-04
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury link CRP 14 0.013
Poland anomaly link CRP 14 0.014
Intraoperative Complications link CRP 14 0.334
visceral obesity link GGT1 14 0.011
Hepatitis, Alcoholic link GPT 14 0.622
Inflammation link IL18R1 14 6.83e-04
Respiratory Tract Infections link IL18R1 14 0.047
Traumatic optic neuropathy link RTN4R 14 0.181
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections link CRP 13 2.50e-07
Kidney Failure link CRP 13 3.33e-07
Hyperlipidemias link CRP 13 1.58e-04
Urological Manifestations link CRP 13 1.67e-04
Pneumonia link CRP 13 1.74e-04
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal link CRP 13 1.74e-04
pneumonitis link CRP 13 1.82e-04
Aortic Diseases link CRP 13 8.81e-04
Chest Pain link CRP 13 0.004
Coronary Restenosis link CRP 13 0.015
Critical Illness link CRP 13 0.015
venous thromboembolism link CRP 13 0.016
Anovulation link CRP 13 0.350
Fatty Liver link GGT1 13 1.42e-04
hepatic steatosis link GGT1 13 1.64e-04
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting link FAS 13 6.07e-04
Toxemia link FAS 13 0.035
Systemic sclerosis, diffuse link GDF15 13 0.056
Drug interaction with food link GDF15 13 0.221
Hemorrhage link CRP 12 1.21e-05
Kidney Failure, Chronic link CRP 12 4.02e-05
Spondylarthropathies link CRP 12 9.59e-04
Spondylarthritis link CRP 12 0.001
Macular Degeneration link CRP 12 0.001
Urticaria link CRP 12 0.088
Graft Occlusion, Vascular link CRP 12 0.364
Hyperuricemia link GPT 12 0.657
Erythema link FAS 12 0.013
Vaccinia link IL18R1 12 0.782
Hypertension, Pulmonary link GDF15 12 3.49e-04
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular link GDF15 12 0.018
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia of newborn link GDF15 12 0.069
Connective Tissue Diseases link CRP 11 1.13e-12
Brain Ischemia link CRP 11 9.39e-05
Albuminuria link CRP 11 0.006
Cerebral Infarction link CRP 11 0.021
Diabetic Neuropathies link CRP 11 0.091
Peritonitis link CRP 11 0.100
Peripheral Vascular Diseases link GGT1 11 0.327
Death link FAS 11 0.00e+00
Thyroiditis link FAS 11 0.005
Bronchiolitis link IL18R1 11 0.290
Cachexia link GDF15 11 0.270
Autoimmune Diseases link CRP 10 0.00e+00
Coronary Artery Disease link CRP 10 2.80e-08
Cerebrovascular Disorders link CRP 10 1.77e-06
Ischemia link CRP 10 1.91e-06
Rupture link CRP 10 1.46e-04
Dyslipidaemia link CRP 10 5.29e-04
treatment failure link CRP 10 0.002
Fever link CRP 10 0.002
Spondylitis link CRP 10 0.003
Diabetes, Gestational link CRP 10 0.007
Postoperative Complications link CRP 10 0.008
Thromboembolism link CRP 10 0.026
time in therapeutic range link CRP 10 0.109
Prinzmetal angina link CRP 10 0.112
Hyperinsulinism link GGT1 10 0.009
Liver Cirrhosis link GGT1 10 0.033
Carotid Artery Diseases link GGT1 10 0.110
Hyperuricemia link GGT1 10 0.944
Drug interaction with drug link FAS 10 0.00e+00
Hodgkin Disease link FAS 10 6.46e-07
Lung Diseases link IL18R1 10 0.094
Respiratory Tract Diseases link IL18R1 10 0.100
Bacterial Infections link IL18R1 10 0.321
Growth Disorders link GDF15 10 3.48e-06
Bone Neoplasms link GDF15 10 7.77e-05
Arteriosclerosis link CRP 9 1.03e-07
Arterial Occlusive Diseases link CRP 9 1.03e-07
Kidney Diseases link CRP 9 2.04e-07
Rheumatic Diseases link CRP 9 4.15e-07
Coronary Disease link CRP 9 5.17e-07
Respiratory Tract Infections link CRP 9 1.21e-06
Myocardial Infarction link CRP 9 2.65e-05
Thrombosis link CRP 9 8.20e-04
Gestational hypertension link CRP 9 9.11e-04
Preterm rupture of membranes link CRP 9 0.001
Brain Infarction link CRP 9 0.033
Aortic Aneurysm link CRP 9 0.037
Fistula link CRP 9 0.120
Hip Fractures link CRP 9 0.134
Apnea link CRP 9 0.138
Current Non-smoker link CRP 9 0.138
Abscess link CRP 9 0.436
Metabolic Syndrome link GGT1 9 0.011
Lymphoma, B-Cell link FAS 9 1.80e-08
Brain Death link FAS 9 2.03e-06
Tumor Virus Infections link FAS 9 4.36e-06
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral link FAS 9 0.021
Xerostomia link FAS 9 0.023
dry mouth link FAS 9 0.023
Pathologic Processes link IL18R1 9 0.035
Anorexia link GDF15 9 0.139
beta-Thalassemia link GDF15 9 0.788
Vascular Diseases link CRP 8 9.27e-09
Myocardial Ischemia link CRP 8 9.45e-07
Infarction link CRP 8 3.11e-05
Chorioamnionitis link CRP 8 0.002
Wounds and Injuries link CRP 8 0.005
Hypercholesterolemia link CRP 8 0.014
Glucose Intolerance link CRP 8 0.045
adverse events link CRP 8 0.049
Fatigue link CRP 8 0.142
Peritoneal Diseases link CRP 8 0.142
Kidney Failure, Acute link CRP 8 0.161
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left link CRP 8 0.161
Arrhythmia, Sinus link CRP 8 0.454
Wound Infection link CRP 8 0.454
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic link CRP 8 0.482
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic link GPT 8 0.507
drug-induced liver injury link GPT 8 0.884
Necrosis link FAS 8 1.00e-12
Lymphoma, Low-Grade link FAS 8 9.41e-08
Leukopenia link FAS 8 0.005
Cross Infection link FAS 8 0.013
Goiter link FAS 8 0.013
Splenomegaly link FAS 8 0.088
Sezary Syndrome link FAS 8 0.096
Thyroiditis, Autoimmune link FAS 8 0.096
overall survival link GDF15 8 6.73e-10
major adverse cardiac events (mace) link GDF15 8 0.837
Spinal Cord Injuries link RTN4R 8 0.325
Chronic Disease link CRP 7 2.43e-06
Arthritis link CRP 7 5.77e-06
Urologic Diseases link CRP 7 1.27e-05
Joint Diseases link CRP 7 7.18e-05
Pregnancy Complications link CRP 7 9.39e-05
Hyperinsulinism link CRP 7 0.003
Metabolic Syndrome link CRP 7 0.004
glomerular filtration rate link CRP 7 0.021
Aneurysm link CRP 7 0.061
Body Weight Changes link CRP 7 0.062
Malnutrition NOS link CRP 7 0.062
Ovarian Cysts link CRP 7 0.073
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome link CRP 7 0.075
Acute abdomen link CRP 7 0.517
Liver Diseases link GGT1 7 0.010
Hepatitis link GGT1 7 0.100
diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity link GGT1 7 0.217
Lymphoma link FAS 7 1.47e-08
Lupus erythematosus link FAS 7 3.60e-05
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic link FAS 7 3.60e-05
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin link FAS 7 1.80e-04
Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced link FAS 7 0.001
Neutropenia link FAS 7 0.011
Hepatitis C, Chronic link FAS 7 0.019
Lung Diseases, Interstitial link FAS 7 0.021
Dry Eye Syndromes link FAS 7 0.041
Brain Death link GDF15 7 0.012
Hyperoxia link GDF15 7 0.869
Inflammation link CRP 6 1.46e-07
Cardiovascular Diseases link CRP 6 5.36e-07
Hypertension link CRP 6 2.06e-04
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases link CRP 6 5.93e-04
Nutrition Disorders link CRP 6 7.13e-04
Arthritis, Rheumatoid link CRP 6 7.27e-04
Stroke link CRP 6 0.002
Stroke NOS link CRP 6 0.002
Crohn Disease link CRP 6 0.005
Premature Birth link CRP 6 0.019
Renal diabetes link CRP 6 0.030
Lung Diseases, Obstructive link CRP 6 0.040
heart rate link CRP 6 0.044
diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity link CRP 6 0.046
Pancreatitis link CRP 6 0.081
Vascular Resistance link CRP 6 0.087
Ventricular Fibrillation link CRP 6 0.220
Ventricular Dysfunction link CRP 6 0.270
Diabetes Mellitus link GGT1 6 0.024
Liver Neoplasms link GGT1 6 0.047
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 link GGT1 6 0.047
Arteriosclerosis link GGT1 6 0.052
Arterial Occlusive Diseases link GGT1 6 0.052
Insulin Resistance link GGT1 6 0.126
diastolic blood pressure link GGT1 6 0.149
systolic blood pressure link GGT1 6 0.149
Coronary Artery Disease link GGT1 6 0.165
glomerular filtration rate link GGT1 6 0.618
Metabolic Syndrome link GPT 6 0.249
visceral obesity link GPT 6 0.657
overall survival link FAS 6 1.68e-11
Lymphoproliferative Disorders link FAS 6 2.10e-07
Lymphatic Diseases link FAS 6 4.36e-06
autoimmunity link FAS 6 5.46e-04
Leukemia, B-Cell link FAS 6 0.003
Lymphoma, T-Cell link FAS 6 0.005
Hepatitis, Chronic link FAS 6 0.010
Hepatitis B link FAS 6 0.011
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous link FAS 6 0.156
Hepatitis, Autoimmune link FAS 6 0.291
Endotoxemia link FAS 6 0.310
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia NOS link FAS 6 0.635
Intestinal Diseases link IL18R1 6 0.489
Colorectal Neoplasms link GDF15 6 5.77e-04
Intestinal Neoplasms link GDF15 6 6.88e-04
Eating Disorders link GDF15 6 0.046
Scleroderma, Systemic link GDF15 6 0.229
Hemolysis link GDF15 6 0.493
Anemia, Hypochromic link GDF15 6 0.952
Embolism link GDF15 6 0.952
Adolescent link CRP 5 2.01e-04
Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications link CRP 5 5.29e-04
Obesity link CRP 5 6.95e-04
Diabetes Mellitus link CRP 5 9.09e-04
Insulin Resistance link CRP 5 0.010
Gastroenteritis link CRP 5 0.013
diastolic blood pressure link CRP 5 0.013
systolic blood pressure link CRP 5 0.013
Preterm Infant link CRP 5 0.027
Pain link CRP 5 0.062
Menopause link CRP 5 0.141
Hyperglycemia link CRP 5 0.161
Cysts link CRP 5 0.164
Osteoarthritis, Knee link CRP 5 0.284
Femoral Fractures link CRP 5 0.322
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal link CRP 5 0.628
Coronary Disease link GGT1 5 0.214
Hepatitis, Chronic link GGT1 5 0.770
heart rate link GGT1 5 0.778
Leukemia link FAS 5 4.41e-07
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome link FAS 5 0.020
Occupational Diseases link FAS 5 0.128
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia link FAS 5 0.407
Death link GDF15 5 0.004
Glioblastoma link GDF15 5 0.110
Polyps link GDF15 5 0.631
Ectopic pregnancy NOS link GDF15 5 0.969
Thalassemia link GDF15 5 0.969
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency link GDF15 5 0.974
Hemochromatosis link GDF15 5 0.974
Spinal Cord Diseases link RTN4R 5 0.012
Spinal Injuries link RTN4R 5 0.832
Heart Diseases link CRP 4 0.003
Male Urogenital Diseases link CRP 4 0.007
Pathologic Processes link CRP 4 0.009
Necrosis link CRP 4 0.014
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 link CRP 4 0.022
Pregnancy link CRP 4 0.029
Obstetric Labor Complications link CRP 4 0.112
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive link CRP 4 0.227
Heart Failure link CRP 4 0.234
Weight gain link CRP 4 0.358
creatine kinase link CRP 4 0.358
Sleep Disorders link CRP 4 0.364
Communicable Diseases link CRP 4 0.372
Cerebral Hemorrhage link CRP 4 0.692
Tachycardia link CRP 4 0.765
Cardiovascular Diseases link GGT1 4 0.290
Obesity link GGT1 4 0.327
Myocardial Ischemia link GGT1 4 0.705
hepatic steatosis link GPT 4 0.661
Autoimmune Diseases link FAS 4 0.002
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes link FAS 4 0.002
Connective Tissue Diseases link FAS 4 0.003
HIV Infections link FAS 4 0.005
Arthritis link FAS 4 0.011
Arthritis, Rheumatoid link FAS 4 0.013
Leukemia, Lymphoid link FAS 4 0.015
Lymphoid leukemia NOS link FAS 4 0.015
Leukemia, T-Cell link FAS 4 0.023
Multiple Sclerosis link FAS 4 0.028
Hepatitis link FAS 4 0.044
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms link FAS 4 0.088
Rupture link FAS 4 0.106
transplant rejection link FAS 4 0.154
Sepsis link FAS 4 0.199
Septicemia link FAS 4 0.204
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease link FAS 4 0.251
Pregnancy First Trimester link FAS 4 0.360
Gastrointestinal Diseases link GDF15 4 0.016
Neoplasm of unspecified nature of digestive system link GDF15 4 0.036
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms link GDF15 4 0.043
Urogenital Neoplasms link GDF15 4 0.068
Hypertension link GDF15 4 0.117
Disease Progression link GDF15 4 0.139
Recurrence link GDF15 4 0.296
Hypertrophy link GDF15 4 0.497
Hemostatic Disorders link GDF15 4 0.550
Pulmonary Heart Disease link GDF15 4 0.665
Body Weight Changes link GDF15 4 0.671
Multiple Sclerosis link RTN4R 4 0.139
Signs and Symptoms link CRP 3 0.037
event-free survival link CRP 3 0.374
Disease Progression link CRP 3 0.381
progression-free survival link CRP 3 0.388
Cough link CRP 3 0.795
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular link CRP 3 0.814
Intracranial Hemorrhages link CRP 3 0.860
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage link CRP 3 0.860
Vascular Diseases link GGT1 3 0.504
Endocrine System Diseases link GGT1 3 0.504
Endocrine disorder NOS link GGT1 3 0.504
Endocrine disturbance NOS link GGT1 3 0.504
Retroviridae Infections link FAS 3 0.011
Sexually Transmitted Diseases link FAS 3 0.011
Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases link FAS 3 0.011
Lentivirus Infections link FAS 3 0.011
Rheumatic Diseases link FAS 3 0.044
Joint Diseases link FAS 3 0.083
Obstetric Labor Complications link FAS 3 0.107
Premature Birth link FAS 3 0.201
Demyelinating Diseases link FAS 3 0.203
Gestational hypertension link FAS 3 0.246
Hepatitis C link FAS 3 0.370
Disorder of uterus NOS link FAS 3 0.401
Uterine Neoplasms link FAS 3 0.401
Organ Transplantation link FAS 3 0.502
Pre-Eclampsia link FAS 3 0.505
Eclampsia link FAS 3 0.510
Mycosis Fungoides link FAS 3 0.832
Inflammation link GDF15 3 0.296
Pregnancy link GDF15 3 0.667
Ischemia link GDF15 3 0.718
Renal diabetes link GDF15 3 0.888
Respiratory Tract Diseases link CRP 2 0.427
Endocrine System Diseases link CRP 2 0.524
Endocrine disorder NOS link CRP 2 0.524
Endocrine disturbance NOS link CRP 2 0.524
Recurrence link CRP 2 0.743
treatment related mortality link CRP 2 0.992
Pregnancy Complications link FAS 2 0.656
Male Urogenital Diseases link GDF15 2 0.579
Hematologic Diseases link GDF15 2 0.767
Nutrition Disorders link GDF15 2 0.934
Vascular Diseases link GDF15 2 0.954
Central Nervous System Diseases link RTN4R 2 0.792
GLAD4U drugs
Allergen extracts link IL18R1 77 0.946
Polymyxins link CRP 54 1.18e-07
polymyxin b sulfate link CRP 53 2.69e-06
nystatin link FAS 33 1.63e-06
Inflammation And Infection Detection link CRP 30 5.59e-04
acetone link GGT1 28 0.064
serum albumin link CRP 27 3.60e-12
Interleukins link IL18R1 27 5.25e-08
interferons link IL18R1 25 1.19e-06
bilirubin link GGT1 22 0.002
Fibrinogen link CRP 21 1.07e-12
Viral Vaccines link IL18R1 19 0.543
aminocaproic acid link GGT1 18 0.609
antithymocyte globulin link FAS 18 0.075
apixaban link GDF15 18 0.961
human serum albumin link CRP 17 2.62e-06
Lipid Modifying Agents link CRP 17 0.105
antivirals link IL18R1 17 1.90e-04
Androgens And Female Sex Hormones In Combination link CRP 16 0.524
Ultrasound Contrast Media link CRP 16 0.524
Glucarpidase link GGT1 16 0.624
trifluoperazine link FAS 16 0.003
Immunostimulants link IL18R1 16 0.122
Tests for renal function link CRP 15 2.22e-04
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors link FAS 15 0.00e+00
Antiinfectives link IL18R1 15 3.34e-04
Vaccines link IL18R1 15 0.733
atorvastatin link CRP 14 0.001
Antibacterials For Systemic Use link CRP 14 0.547
vancomycin link CRP 14 0.547
Antiseptics And Disinfectants link FAS 13 0.028
epipodophyllotoxin link FAS 12 7.22e-08
podofilox link FAS 12 7.22e-08
Bone morphogenetic proteins link GDF15 12 5.26e-06
streptomycin link CRP 11 0.603
bilirubin link GPT 11 0.116
etoposide link FAS 11 4.83e-08
phospholipids link ENPP7 11 1.23e-04
ginseng link RTN4R 11 0.469
aspirin link CRP 10 0.020
cellulose link GGT1 10 0.814
hmg coa reductase inhibitors link CRP 9 0.007
Fibrates link CRP 9 0.080
Tests for diabetes link CRP 8 0.004
metformin link CRP 8 0.098
simvastatin link CRP 8 0.106
lovastatin link CRP 8 0.109
omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids link CRP 8 0.310
pravastatin link CRP 8 0.318
protein supplements link CRP 8 0.325
l-alanine link GGT1 8 0.048
Drugs used in alcohol dependence link GPT 8 0.434
doxorubicin link FAS 8 5.72e-05
Drugs For Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders link GDF15 8 0.216
Antifibrinolytics link CRP 7 0.345
Corticosteroids For Systemic Use link CRP 7 0.692
glucose link GGT1 7 0.001
oxygen link GGT1 7 0.003
papain link GGT1 7 0.904
starch link GPT 7 0.500
Proteinase inhibitors link FAS 7 2.46e-10
highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) link FAS 7 0.011
Immunoglobulins link IL18R1 7 0.731
immune globulin link IL18R1 7 0.731
Cardiac Therapy link CRP 6 0.005
Antiinflammatory Agents link CRP 6 0.017
Antihemorrhagics link CRP 6 0.097
creatine link CRP 6 0.162
triglycerides link GGT1 6 0.112
protease inhibitors link FAS 6 1.88e-07
Alkylating Agents link FAS 6 0.001
docetaxel link GDF15 6 0.834
Blood coagulation factors link CRP 5 5.62e-04
triglycerides link CRP 5 0.034
rosuvastatin link CRP 5 0.524
alteplase link CRP 5 0.547
All Other Therapeutic Products link CRP 5 0.821
Other therapeutic products link CRP 5 0.821
bnp-32 link CRP 5 0.839
nesiritide link CRP 5 0.839
sugar link GGT1 5 0.036
glucose link GPT 5 0.010
Xanthines link GPT 5 0.683
Immunoglobulins link FAS 5 6.33e-07
immune globulin link FAS 5 6.33e-07
Antiinfectives link FAS 5 2.00e-06
antivirals link FAS 5 3.80e-05
glucose link CRP 4 0.023
sugar link CRP 4 0.023
Diagnostic Agents link CRP 4 0.433
Other Diagnostic Agents link CRP 4 0.620
Tests for pancreatic function link CRP 4 0.856
icosapent link CRP 4 0.856
l-glutamine link GGT1 4 0.719
Liver therapy link GPT 4 0.514
Monoclonal antibodies link FAS 4 7.18e-04
interferons link FAS 4 0.005
Immunosuppressants link FAS 4 0.010
biotin link FAS 4 0.057
oxaliplatin link FAS 4 0.634
trichostatin A link GDF15 4 0.891
Interleukins link CRP 3 0.308
antimetabolites link CRP 3 0.551
Vasodilators Used In Cardiac Diseases link CRP 3 0.998
bilirubin link CRP 3 0.998
sugar link GPT 3 0.195
Tumour Detection link GDF15 3 0.977
Other hormones link CRP 2 0.727
l-leucine link RTN4R 2 0.370
KEGG pathways
Sphingolipid metabolism link ENPP7 136 0.00e+00
Glutathione metabolism link GGT1 85 0.00e+00
Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism link GGT1 67 6.33e-06
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) link IL18R1 40 0.007
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism link GPT 34 1.37e-05
Arachidonic acid metabolism link GGT1 32 1.38e-10
Biosynthesis of amino acids link GPT 15 4.17e-07
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction link IL18R1 15 0.002
Carbon metabolism link GPT 13 2.20e-08
Apoptosis link FAS 12 0.00e+00
TNF signaling pathway link FAS 11 1.49e-11
Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity link FAS 10 4.69e-10
Necroptosis link FAS 9 4.90e-11
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) link FAS 9 2.54e-07
Platinum drug resistance link FAS 9 9.39e-06
African trypanosomiasis link FAS 9 0.006
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection link FAS 8 4.90e-11
Allograft rejection link FAS 8 0.007
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism link GPT 7 0.261
Human cytomegalovirus infection link FAS 7 1.90e-10
Epstein-Barr virus infection link FAS 7 2.77e-10
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection link FAS 7 3.67e-09
Hepatitis B link FAS 7 6.57e-07
Measles link FAS 7 1.35e-06
Type I diabetes mellitus link FAS 7 0.012
Arginine biosynthesis link GPT 6 0.882
Proteoglycans in cancer link FAS 6 1.47e-08
Herpes simplex infection link FAS 6 2.54e-07
Influenza A link FAS 6 6.92e-07
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) link FAS 6 9.39e-06
p53 signaling pathway link FAS 6 0.003
Graft-versus-host disease link FAS 6 0.046
Alzheimer disease link FAS 5 1.36e-04
Autoimmune thyroid disease link FAS 5 0.063
MAPK signaling pathway link FAS 4 3.11e-04
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction link GDF15 4 0.019
Pathways in cancer link FAS 3 1.13e-04
Human papillomavirus infection link FAS 3 0.002
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction link FAS 3 0.005
Molecular function GO-terms
transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups link GPT 33 4.04e-04
cytokine receptor activity link IL18R1 29 0.274
cytokine binding link IL18R1 21 0.361
exopeptidase activity link GGT1 16 8.20e-05
lipoprotein particle receptor binding link CRP 15 0.152
protein-lipid complex binding link CRP 14 0.152
phosphoric ester hydrolase activity link ENPP7 10 0.032
sphingolipid binding link RTN4R 9 0.328
glycolipid binding link RTN4R 9 0.328
cofactor binding link GPT 7 1.33e-10
vitamin binding link GPT 7 0.021
transferase activity, transferring acyl groups link GGT1 5 0.286
cytokine receptor binding link GDF15 4 0.076
glycosaminoglycan binding link RTN4R 3 0.214
sulfur compound binding link RTN4R 3 0.318
Reactome pathways
Glutathione conjugation link GGT1 150 0.00e+00
Interleukin-37 signaling link IL18R1 124 6.56e-04
Aflatoxin activation and detoxification link GGT1 115 2.10e-11
Sphingolipid metabolism link ENPP7 103 0.00e+00
CASP8 activity is inhibited link FAS 94 0.00e+00
Regulation by c-FLIP link FAS 94 0.00e+00
Dimerization of procaspase-8 link FAS 94 0.00e+00
Creation of C4 and C2 activators link CRP 85 2.44e-12
Initial triggering of complement link CRP 84 0.00e+00
Glutathione synthesis and recycling link GGT1 82 2.48e-05
Caspase activation via Death Receptors in the presence of ligand link FAS 65 0.00e+00
Glycosphingolipid metabolism link ENPP7 64 4.30e-06
Regulation of necroptotic cell death link FAS 57 0.00e+00
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds link GGT1 56 0.00e+00
Complement cascade link CRP 52 0.00e+00
RIPK1-mediated regulated necrosis link FAS 52 0.00e+00
Regulated Necrosis link FAS 52 0.00e+00
Interleukin-1 family signaling link IL18R1 50 3.34e-10
Caspase activation via extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway link FAS 47 0.00e+00
Synthesis of Leukotrienes (LT) and Eoxins (EX) link GGT1 35 0.198
TP53 Regulates Transcription of Death Receptors and Ligands link FAS 31 1.87e-04
Biological oxidations link GGT1 30 0.00e+00
Arachidonic acid metabolism link GGT1 26 2.16e-04
TP53 Regulates Transcription of Cell Death Genes link FAS 15 1.45e-05
Signaling by Interleukins link IL18R1 15 2.60e-06
Death Receptor Signalling link FAS 13 3.29e-14
Amino acid synthesis and interconversion (transamination) link GPT 10 0.526
Apoptosis link FAS 10 1.02e-11
Programmed Cell Death link FAS 10 1.27e-11
Fatty acid metabolism link GGT1 8 0.064
p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling link RTN4R 4 0.066
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives link GPT 3 0.233
Transcriptional Regulation by TP53 link FAS 3 0.020
Death Receptor Signalling link RTN4R 3 0.094
Wikipathways
Glutathione metabolism link GGT1 82 0.00e+00
Cori Cycle link GPT 33 0.002
Apoptosis Modulation by HSP70 link FAS 33 1.42e-10
Nanomaterial induced apoptosis link FAS 28 7.34e-09
Selective expression of chemokine receptors during T-cell polarization link IL18R1 27 0.926
NRF2 pathway link GGT1 24 0.00e+00
Human Complement System link CRP 23 0.00e+00
Alanine and aspartate metabolism link GPT 22 0.091
Fas Ligand (FasL) pathway and Stress induction of Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) regulation link FAS 20 3.57e-11
Apoptosis Modulation and Signaling link FAS 17 0.00e+00
Apoptosis link FAS 17 0.00e+00
Eicosanoid Synthesis link GGT1 16 0.285
Photodynamic therapy-induced AP-1 survival signaling. link FAS 16 3.46e-09
IL-18 signaling pathway link IL18R1 15 2.21e-04
Selenium Micronutrient Network link GGT1 13 5.06e-04
Urea cycle and associated pathways link GPT 13 0.198
Nuclear Receptors Meta-Pathway link GGT1 11 6.27e-14
Vitamin D-sensitive calcium signaling in depression link GGT1 10 0.622
Alzheimers Disease link FAS 10 2.50e-07
Hepatitis B infection link FAS 8 3.25e-08
Spinal Cord Injury link RTN4R 8 5.00e-07
Allograft Rejection link FAS 7 3.03e-04
DNA Damage Response link FAS 7 4.27e-04
miRNA Regulation of DNA Damage Response link FAS 7 4.94e-04
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease link FAS 6 2.06e-05
T-Cell antigen Receptor (TCR) Signaling Pathway link FAS 6 0.002
Control of immune tolerance by vasoactive intestinal peptide link FAS 6 0.425
IL-18 signaling pathway link FAS 4 2.12e-04
MAPK Signaling Pathway link FAS 4 2.45e-04
VEGFA-VEGFR2 Signaling Pathway link FAS 3 0.002
Adipogenesis link FAS 3 0.111
Genes involved in male infertility link FAS 2 0.526
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer link GDF15 2 0.700
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome link RTN4R 2 0.939
Circadian rhythm related genes link FAS 1 0.896

About

Over-representation analysis (ORA) conducted using WebGestaltR (see tool-publication here). Enriched terms are calculated based on the supplied targets as a collected group against all transcripts/proteins measured in RHAPSODY.
Significant terms with a FDR-adjusted p-value < 0.05 are shown in blue, while non-significant terms are shown in gray. The genes/proteins affiliated with the term are shown to the right of the barplot. 

Unfortunately, the analysis will not always have an output. In these cases the following error message will be shown:   Unfortunately, no enriched GO-terms were found for the selected targets.

4.2.2 Shared features

Over-represented terms were found for:

Biological process GO-terms

## [1] "Unfortunately, no enriched terms were found for the selected targets."

Cellular component GO-terms

## [1] "Unfortunately, no enriched terms were found for the selected targets."

Molecular function GO-terms

## [1] "Unfortunately, no enriched terms were found for the selected targets."

KEGG pathways

## [1] "Unfortunately, no enriched terms were found for the selected targets."

Reactome pathways

## [1] "Unfortunately, no enriched terms were found for the selected targets."

Wikipathways

## [1] "Unfortunately, no enriched terms were found for the selected targets."

GLAD4U diseases

## [1] "Unfortunately, no enriched terms were found for the selected targets."

GLAD4U drugs

## [1] "Unfortunately, no enriched terms were found for the selected targets."

Table

## Error in table_WGR_shared$kbl_table[[1]]: subscript out of bounds
## Error in table_WGR_shared$kbl_table[[1]]: subscript out of bounds
## Error in table_WGR_shared$prep_format[[1]]: subscript out of bounds

About

Over-represtation analysis (ORA) conducted using WebGestaltR (see tool-publication here). Enriched terms are calculated based on the supplied targets as a collected group against all transcripts/proteins measured in RHAPSODY.
Significant terms with a FDR-adjusted p-value < 0.05 are shown in blue, while non-significant terms are shown in gray. The genes/proteins affiliated with the term are shown to the right of the barplot. 

Unfortunately, the analysis will not always have an output. In these cases the following error message will be shown:  Unfortunately, no enriched GO-terms were found for the selected targets.

5 Biomarker potential

5.1 Drug interactions

Table

Drug interactions
ATC codes Drug groups Target type Pharmacological action Evidence for interaction
CRELD1
CRP
CRx-139 Investigational Target Unknown link
N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-(phosphonooxy)ethanaminium Experimental Target Unknown link
ENPP7
FAS
GDF15
GGT1
Glutathione V03AB32 Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical Target Unknown link
GPT
Alanine Nutraceutical Target Unknown link
Glutamic acid A09AB01 Approved, Nutraceutical Target Unknown link
Phenelzine N06AF03 Approved Target Unknown link
Pyridoxal phosphate A11HA06 Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical Target Unknown link
IL18R1
RTN4R

About

Table of target-drug interactions from DrugBank:  

  • ATC codes: Associated ATC code(s). For further information on the ATC system, see the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics’ website

  • Drug groups: Drugs are categorized by group determined by their drug development status.: 

    • Approved: A drug that has been approved in at least one jurisdiction, at some point in time. This does not mean the drug is currently approved or available, just that it has been approved and marketed at some point, somewhere. Different jurisdictions also have a different concept for “approval”. For example drugs that are available over-the-counter in the U.S. may not be technically approved, whereas over-the-counter drugs in Canada are considered approved. 
    • Vet Approved: A drug that has been approved in at least one jurisdiction, at some point in time for the treatment of animals. 
    • Nutraceutical: A drug that is a pharmaceutical-grade and standardized nutrient (with confirmed or unconfirmed health benefits). 
    • Illicit: A drug that is scheduled in at least one jurisdiction, at some point in time. 
    • Withdrawn: A previously approved drug that has been withdrawn from the market in at least one jurisdiction, at some point in time. Note that because a drug can be approved in one jurisdiction, and withdrawn in another, it’s possible for a drug to be in both groups. If a drug has been approved at some point in time, and then withdrawn, it would also be in both drug groups. 
    • Investigational: A drug that is in some phase of the drug approval process in at least one jurisdiction. 
    • Experimental: A compound that has been shown experimentally to bind specific proteins in mammals, bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. This includes compounds that are Pre-Investigational New Drug Applications (Pre-IND, or Discovery Phase compounds). 
  • Target type: Protein targets of drug action, enzymes that are inhibited/induced or involved in metabolism, and carrier or transporter proteins involved in movement of the drug across biological membranes.  Colored according to type using color scheme from DrugBank. 

  • Pharmacological action

    • Yes: A interaction is marked as ‘Yes’ if the drug interacts directly with the target as part of the drug’s mechanism of action. 
    • No: A interaction is marked as ‘No’ if the interaction between target and drug is not directly involved in the drug’s mechanism of action. 
    • Unknown: A interaction is marked as ‘Unknown’ if currently there is no formal research or evidence to elucidate whether interaction between the target and drug is associated with the drug’s mechanism of action at all.  Colored according to action using color scheme from DrugBank. 
  • Evidence for interaction: Link to the target-drug interaction information on the DrugBank website with references to primary literature on the interaction. 

5.2 Antibody count

Plot

Antibody availability

Antibody availability

About

Antibody count from PHAROS (data originates from antibodypedia). 

  • Total antibody count: Total number of commercially available antibodies of any type. 
  • Monoclonal antibodies: Number of commercially available monoclonal antibodies. 
  • Polyclonal antibodies: Derived number of commercially available polyclonal antibodies. Calculated from total and monoclonal antibodies. This should only be considered an estimate, as a small minority of antibodies fall outside of the two categories of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, e.g. recombinant antibodies. 

5.3 Novelty

Plot

Novelty

Novelty

About

The novelty scores shown here is pulled from PHAROS. This score is calculated from text mining results using the formula \(N_{i} = \frac{1}{\sum \frac{1}{T_{k}}}\), where \(N_{i}\) is the novelty score for the target \(i\) and \(T_{k}\) is the number of targets in abstracts \(k\). The \(\log_{10}\) value of \(N_{i}\) is reported to avoid too high skewness in the data. A more negative value should be interpreted as lower novelty, i.e. the target has been studied/reported more and the target is less novel.

About the report

This report is intended to provide objective measures that can be used to perform informed biomarker prioritization.
It incorporates experimental RHAPSODY data, public data from multiple databases, data from incorporated R-libraries, and in-house generated text-mining data.

Data source overview

RHAPSODY data

  • Selected targets chosen through the RHAPSODY Biomarker Prioritization interface.
  • Reference experimental data from all RHAPSODY experiments.

Public data

In-house generated data

Technical information

Database version information
Database Version Version release date Download date
DrugBank 5.1.9 2022-01-04 2022-07-18
HPA 21.1 2022-05-31 2022-08-04
Open Targets 22.06 2022-06-24 2022-08-04
PHAROS TCRD v6.12.4 2021-10-29 2022-01-28
UniProt 2022_03 2022-08-03 2022-08-04
## R version 4.2.1 (2022-06-23)
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