FlemingAJWoodleyNormanSmithM. AlexHallwachsWinnieJanzenDaniel HRevision of Belvosia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Tachinidae) and 33 new species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica with a key to known North and Mesoamerican speciesBiodivers Data J300620231110.3897/BDJ.11.e103667 E1574928-64BF-53B5-B425-68A318EB2E3F Belvosia brigittevilchezae E511EC13-57E2-4311-90D9-4789E80B8F0E Fleming & Woodleysp. nov.Materials

Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0024435; recordedBy: D.J. Janzen, W. Hallachs & Leonel Siezar; individualID: DHJPAR0024435; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: ASTAW545-08, 08-SRNP-70056, BOLD:ABY9051; occurrenceID: 405F09D9-27BF-5E9D-A371-A450B12B0CF4; Taxon: scientificName: Belvosiabrigittevilchezae; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Belvosia; specificEpithet: brigittevilchezae; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Woodley, 2023; Location: continent: Central America; country: Costa Rica; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Sector Pitilla; locality: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; verbatimLocality: Manguera; verbatimElevation: 470; verbatimLatitude: 10.9959; verbatimLongitude: -85.3984; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude: 10.9959; decimalLongitude: -85.3984; Identification: identifiedBy: AJ Fleming; dateIdentified: 2022; Event: samplingProtocol: Reared from the larvae of the Saturniidae, Hylesiadalina; verbatimEventDate: 02-Jun-2008; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen

Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0001130; recordedBy: D.J. Janzen, W. Hallachs & Elieth Cantillano; individualID: DHJPAR0001130; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: HCIC097-05, 03-SRNP-18486, BOLD:ABY9051; occurrenceID: 72F3A4EE-729C-5E90-A9BF-635F40BC8769; Taxon: scientificName: Belvosiabrigittevilchezae; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Belvosia; specificEpithet: brigittevilchezae; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Woodley, 2023; Location: continent: Central America; country: Costa Rica; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Sector Del Oro; locality: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; verbatimLocality: Quebrada Trigal; verbatimElevation: 290; verbatimLatitude: 11.0268; verbatimLongitude: -85.4955; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude: 11.0268; decimalLongitude: -85.4955; Identification: identifiedBy: AJ Fleming; dateIdentified: 2022; Event: samplingProtocol: Reared from the larvae of the Saturniidae, Hylesiacontinua; verbatimEventDate: 24-Sep-2003; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen

Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0001687; recordedBy: D.J. Janzen, W. Hallachs & gusaneros; individualID: DHJPAR0001687; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: HCIC205-05, 01-SRNP-15600, BOLD:ABY9051; occurrenceID: D6C03F96-0A62-5E9A-B1FE-225F3BA1456A; Taxon: scientificName: Belvosiabrigittevilchezae; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Belvosia; specificEpithet: brigittevilchezae; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Woodley, 2023; Location: continent: Central America; country: Costa Rica; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Sector Santa Rosa; locality: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; verbatimLocality: Cafetal; verbatimElevation: 280; verbatimLatitude: 10.8583; verbatimLongitude: -85.6109; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude: 10.8583; decimalLongitude: -85.6109; Identification: identifiedBy: AJ Fleming; dateIdentified: 2022; Event: samplingProtocol: Reared from the larvae of the Saturniidae, Hylesialineata; verbatimEventDate: 01-Sep-2001; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen

Description

Male (Fig. 13), length: 9–12mm. Head: head slightly wider than thorax; vertex 1/3 head width; gena 1/4 of head height, 1/3 of eye height. Fronto-orbital plate light brilliant yellow-gold in ground color, entirely covered with gold tomentum; ocellar setae absent at most several hair-like setulae present on ocellar triangle; one slightly inwardly lateroclinate–reclinate orbital seta outside of frontal row; two rows of frontal setae, black setulae intermingled with setae, a few light colored yellow setulae extending below lowest frontal seta. Parafacial light yellow in ground color, some gold tomentosity up to 50% extending down from fronto-orbital plate, remainder densely covered in silver tomentum making the entire surface reflective and brilliant appearance; setulose along parafacial outside facial ridge, a small number of setulae extending just below lowest frontal setae; facial ridge setose along 2/3 of its length, with numerous yellow-blonde hair-like setulae emerging along outer edge of row; gena covered in yellow setulae. Antenna, pedicel ranging from light brown to dark burnt orange, contrasting with postpedicel; postpedicel black, 4X as long as pedicel; arista bare parallel sided only tapering to a point at tip. Palps, yellow-orange throughout and densely covered in short black setulae; slightly clubbed, but distinctly so, tapering to a slight point apically. Thorax: black ground color, with sparse light gray tomentum throughout, when viewed dorsally tomentum appears thinner postsuturally, almost glabrous; scutellum appearing dark brown-black to the naked eye, under microscope bronze tomentum becomes apparent when view on an oblique caudal angle; scutum with five dorsal vittae, one outer pair, one inner pair and one single dorsocentral postsutural becoming more evident under certain angles of light; lateral surface of thorax densely covered in long hair-like setulae, these setulae all reddish yellow but often reddish often with dense long black setulae only on proepimeron, proepisternum and anepisternum; meron with a few yellow setulae intermingled with upper meral setae; chaetotaxy: 3 strong setae on postpronotum arranged in a line, acrostichal setae 3:3; dorsocentral setae 3–4:4; intra-alar setae 2:3; supra-alar setae 2:3; 4–5 katepisternal setae; scutellum, with 4–5 pairs of long flat marginal setae of subequal length; apical setae present, short straight and erect, at a slight upward angle from the plane of the rest of the scutellar marginal setae; 1–2 complete rows of scutellar discal setae just posterior to marginal setae. Wing: strongly infuscate, slightly darkened but not orange at wing base, with a brilliant orange basicosta; both upper and lower calypters also infuscate concolorous with remainder of wing; wing vein R4+5 setose, bearing only 2–3 setulae at base; halteres orange stalk with dark black/brown capitulum. Legs: black overall, coxa on midleg and hindleg with a few reddish-yellow setulae; tarsal claws yellow with black tips, with yellow pulvilli subequal to length of tarsal claws; anterodorsal row of setae on hind tibia irregularly sized not fringelike. Abdomen: globose, with black ground color; abdominal tomentosity gold and sparse on T3 confined to anterior 10% of tergite, bronze-gold tomentum along at most 40% of surface of T4 bisected medially by an area devoid of tomentum, densely gold tomentose on 95% of surface of T5 bisected medially by a dorsomedial narrow darkened strip; sparse silver tomentum present ventrally, along tergal margins; middorsal depression on ST1+2 reaching to hind margin of tergite, ventrobasally ST1+2 bearing a few light yellow setulae similar to those on thorax; median marginal setae present on ST1+2 and T3, and complete rows of setae on T4 and T5.

Male terminalia (Fig. 14): sternite 5 with a deeply excavated median cleft along posterior edge, vaguely Y-shaped with a distinct shoulder, marginally tomentose; posterior lobes somewhat rounded apically, with multiple strong setulae. Anterior plate of sternite 5 1/2 as longer as posterior lobes; unsclerotized "window" on anterior plate of sternite 5 ranging from translucent directly basal to posterior lobes, sinusoidal in shape almost as a flat rounded "W". Cerci in posterior view triangular, subequal in length to surstyli; slightly rounded at apex, used along basal half separating apically; in lateral view, with a slight arc at apex; densely setose along basal 2/3rds, underside of cerci bare along anterior 1/2. Surstylus in lateral view, slightly arcuate, tapering apically to a sharp point ending in a slightly downcurved apex making the structure appear somewhat scythelike; surstylus appearing to be fused with epandrium; when viewed posteriorly surstyli slightly divergent. Pregonite usually broad, well-developed, apically squared off, blunt, devoid of setulae. Postgonite, slightly narrowed, 1/3 as wide as pregonite, rounded apically, subequal in length to pregonite. Distiphallus flared broadly cone-shaped, with a slender median longitudinal sclerotized reinforcement on its posterior surface and a broad, anterolateral, sclerotized acrophallus, on anterior surface near apex, ~1.5X as long as basiphallus.

Female (Fig. 15) length: 9–13mm, overall morphology as in male differing in the following traits: Head: bearing 3–4 pairs of proclinate orbital setae in addition to single pair of reclinate orbital setal; lacking any setae in front of post-ocular setae; fronto-orbital plate lacking any gold tomentum with only sparse gray tomentum present, tomentosity so sparse that when viewed from above the fronto-orbital plate can appear glabrous. Thorax: dark gray tomentose throughout, brighter on lateral edges of scutum surrounding supraalar setae. Wing: wing surface dark smokey gray, strongly infuscate, lighter than males. Abdomen: middorsal stripe on T5 gold often incomplete, in terminalia.

Diagnosis

Belvosiabrigittevilchezae sp. n. can be distinguished from all other Belvosia by the following combination of traits: fronto-orbital plate gold tomentose (dull gray in females) with a silver parafacial, pilosity of gena, and lowest frontal setulae yellow; basicosta brilliant orange; pilosity of katepisternum, meron and anepimeron, long and pale; abdomen with dark ground color, median marginal setae present on syntergite 1+2.

Etymology

Belvosiabrigittevilchezae sp. n, is named in honor of Sra. Brigitte Vilchez in recognition of her decades of being part of the Parataxonomist Program of Area de Conservación Guanacaste (http://www.acguanacaste.ac.cr) in northwestern Costa Rica (Janzen and Hallwachs 2011). Interim species-specific name included in previously circulating databases and publications, Belvosia Woodley03B.

Distribution

Costa Rica, ACG (Guanacaste Province), 10–1150 m elevation.

Ecology

Belvosiabrigittevilchezae sp. n. has been reared 180 times from four species of Lepidoptera in the family Saturniidae, Automeriszozimanaguana Brechlin & Mesiter, 2011 (N=1), Hylesiacontinua (Walker, 1865) (N=64), H.dalinaDHJ02 (N=2), H.lineata Schaus, 1911 (N=115), in rain forest, dry forest, and dry-rain lowland intergrade.

Belvosiabrigittevilchezae sp. n. habitus images a–d: male, holotype n. DHJPAR0024435

A280692B-3854-5BE0-835E-D749F3224B7210.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure13a

dorsal view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/384505
E0BB793B-A3FB-5C1D-8E21-95656E1D1CFA10.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure13b

frontal view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/384506
3C23154E-2F24-59EB-A9C4-E171F69CF84810.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure13c

three quarters view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/384507
E5EB62E3-C22B-512E-8123-10BF0267FDB410.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure13d

lateral view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/384508

Belvosiabrigittevilchezae sp. n. terminalia images a–c: male, paratype n. DHJPAR0001687

E77E35BB-50B0-5DA5-8806-D1313F623A8E10.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure14a

caudal view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771630
628B2840-BDE3-5E99-ABB2-309D84D145DF10.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure14b

ventral view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771631
BC026AC3-44FA-5D35-A2C8-621A43E066DB10.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure14c

sternite 5, ventral view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771632

Belvosiabrigittevilchezae sp. n. habitus images a–d: female, paratype n. DHJPAR0001130

C5BCAEE9-9A2F-5FD0-8834-DFCBFAABBE6E10.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure15a

dorsal view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/384509
C547F090-22FC-509C-9400-C9E5A93189F910.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure15b

frontal view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/384510
1ED03FD9-ADCB-5EA2-807B-120C646B96F310.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure15c

three quarters view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/384511
F8358EB5-1B51-5085-8DD1-7C9DC819645E10.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure15d

lateral view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/384512
JanzenDaniel H.HallwachsWinnie2011Joining inventory by parataxonomists with DNA barcoding of a large complex tropical conserved wildland in Northwestern Costa RicaPLOS One6810.1371/journal.pone.0018123