FlemingAJWoodleyNormanSmithM. AlexHallwachsWinnieJanzenDaniel HRevision of Belvosia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Tachinidae) and 33 new species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica with a key to known North and Mesoamerican speciesBiodivers Data J300620231110.3897/BDJ.11.e103667 00BD530B-7F9E-56C5-8387-B428E727E632 Belvosia carolinacanoae 81DA3B22-9450-400E-BC7A-BC9DAC647181 Fleming & Woodleysp. nov.Materials

Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0065397; recordedBy: D.H. Janzen, W. Hallwachs & Dinia Martinez; individualID: DHJPAR0065397; individualCount: 1; sex: Male; lifeStage: adult; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: ACGBA11837-21, 20-SRNP-70318, BOLD:AAB8626; occurrenceID: 8B74B807-F957-5A57-A4E1-DEE9C5EFF0F7; Taxon: scientificName: Belvosiacarolinacanoae; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Belvosia; specificEpithet: carolinacanoae; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Woodley, 2023; Location: continent: Central America; country: Costa Rica; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Sector Pitilla; locality: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; verbatimLocality: Medrano; verbatimElevation: 380; verbatimLatitude: 11.016; verbatimLongitude: -85.3805; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude: 11.016; decimalLongitude: -85.3805; Identification: identifiedBy: AJ Fleming; dateIdentified: 2022; Event: samplingProtocol: Reared from the larvae of the Saturniidae, Hylesiadalina; verbatimEventDate: 20-Mar-2020; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen

Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0065381; recordedBy: D.H. Janzen, W. Hallwachs & Ricardo Calero; individualID: DHJPAR0065381; individualCount: 1; sex: Male; lifeStage: adult; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: ACGBA11821-21, 20-SRNP-70216, BOLD:AAB8626; occurrenceID: 29278A7B-C6AC-58F4-88D7-AB2C27B0C8E3; Taxon: scientificName: Belvosiacarolinacanoae; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Belvosia; specificEpithet: carolinacanoae; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Woodley, 2023; Location: continent: Central America; country: Costa Rica; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Sector Pitilla; locality: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; verbatimLocality: Medrano; verbatimElevation: 380; verbatimLatitude: 11.016; verbatimLongitude: -85.3805; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude: 11.016; decimalLongitude: -85.3805; Identification: identifiedBy: AJ Fleming; dateIdentified: 2022; Event: samplingProtocol: Reared from the larvae of the Saturniidae, Hylesiadalina; verbatimEventDate: 18-Mar-2020; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen

Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0019474; recordedBy: D.H. Janzen, W. Hallwachs & Roster Moraga; individualID: DHJPAR0019474; individualCount: 1; sex: Female; lifeStage: adult; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: ASTAB022-07, 07-SRNP-21164, BOLD:AAB8626; occurrenceID: E53A2649-064A-51C1-85E8-C54D3A597C0D; Taxon: scientificName: Belvosiacarolinacanoae; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Belvosia; specificEpithet: carolinacanoae; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Woodley, 2023; Location: continent: Central America; country: Costa Rica; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Sector Del Oro; locality: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; verbatimLocality: Puente Mena; verbatimElevation: 280; verbatimLatitude: 11.0456; verbatimLongitude: -85.4574; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude: 11.0456; decimalLongitude: -85.4574; Identification: identifiedBy: AJ Fleming; dateIdentified: 2022; Event: samplingProtocol: Reared from the larvae of the Saturniidae, Hylesiacontinua; verbatimEventDate: 18-May-2007; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen

Description

Male (Fig. 22), length: 9–10mm. Head: head slightly wider than thorax; vertex 1/3 head width; gena 1/4 of head height, 1/3 of eye height. Fronto-orbital plate dull silver to pale gray can appear glabrous, can have hints of greenish gold around frontal setae. with two rows of frontal setae, black hair-like setulae intermingled with setae, with a few black colored setulae extending below lowest frontal seta; ocellar setae absent at most several hair-like setulae present on ocellar triangle; three proclinate orbital setae and one reclinate orbital seta outside of frontal row. Parafacial light yellow in ground color, densely covered in silver tomentum making the entire surface reflective and brilliant appearance; slightly setulose with yellow setulae along parafacial outside facial ridge (lower half), a small number of setulae extending just below lowest frontal setae, these mostly black; facial ridge setose along 3/4 of its length; gena covered in black setulae. Antenna, pedicel burnt orange, contrasting with postpedicel; postpedicel black, 3X as long as pedicel; arista bare gradually tapering to a point at tip. Palps, yellow-orange throughout and densely covered in short black setulae; gradually tapering to a slight point apically, devoid of setulae apically. Thorax: black ground color, with light gray tomentum throughout, when viewed dorsally tomentum appears dense and silver postsuturally; scutellum appearing dark brown-black to the naked eye, under microscope light bronze tomentum becomes apparent when view on an oblique caudal angle; scutum with four dorsal vittae, one outer pair, one inner pair broken at suture; lateral surface of thorax densely covered in long hair-like setulae, these setulae all black with the exception of the lowest portion of the katepisternum where the setulae turn to a reddish-brown, katepimeron with a small tuft of yellow yellow setulae; chaetotaxy: 3 strong setae on postpronotum arranged in a line, acrostichal setae 3:4; dorsocentral setae 3:4; intra-alar setae 3:3; supra-alar setae 2:3; 4 katepisternal setae, outer pair extremely strong, more than double the thickness of inner pairscutellum, with 4–5 pairs of long flat marginal setae of subequal length; apical setae present, short straight and erect, at a slight upward angle from the plane of the rest of the scutellar marginal setae; 1 complete row of scutellar discal setae just posterior to marginal setae. Wing: strongly infuscate, slightly darkened but not orange at wing base, with a brilliant orange basicosta; both upper and lower calypters also infuscate concolorous with remainder of wing; wing vein R4+5 setose, bearing only 2–3 setulae at base; halteres orange stalk with dark black/brown capitulum. Legs: black overall, coxa on midleg and hindleg with a few reddish-yellow setulae; tarsal claws yellow with black tips, with orange pulvilli subequal to length of tarsal claws; anterodorsal row of setae on hind tibia regularly sized and fringelike with 2–3 longer setae protruding. Abdomen: globose, with dark maroon ground color; bronze to gold tomentosity absent on T3, gold tomentum along anterior 50% of surface of T4 bisected medially by an area devoid of tomentum (only visible on some angles of light), densely gold tomentose throughout T5 reaching to hind margin of tergite, black around insertions of marginal setae; middorsal depression on ST1+2 reaching to hind margin of tergite, ventrobasally ST1+2 bearing a few light yellow setulae similar to those on thorax, no sex patch present; median marginal setae weak almost hair-like on ST1+2, strong on T3, and complete rows of setae on T4 and T5.

Male terminalia (Fig. 23) : sternite 5 with a deeply excavated median cleft along posterior edge, widely Y-shaped with a slight shoulder, marginally tomentose; posterior lobes rounded apically, with multiple strong setulae, surrounded by shorter hair-like setulae. Anterior plate of sternite 5, 1/2 as long as posterior lobes; unsclerotized "window" on anterior plate of sternite 5 translucent directly basal to posterior lobes, rectangular in shape, curving slightly upward at tips. Cerci in posterior view triangular, subequal to slightly shorter than surstyli; pointed at apex, fused along basal half, separating apically; in lateral view, with a slight arc at apex; densely setose along basal 3/4ths, underside of cerci bare along anterior 1/2. Surstylus in lateral view, slightly straight, strongly tapering apically to a sharp point ending in a slightly downcurved apex; surstylus appearing to be fused with epandrium; when viewed posteriorly surstyli slightly divergent apically. Pregonite broad, well-developed, apically squared off, blunt, devoid of setulae. Postgonite, slightly narrowed, 1/3 as wide as pregonite, rounded apically, curved, shorter than pregonite. Distiphallus slightly flared, more barrel shaped than cone-shaped, with a short and slender median longitudinal sclerotized reinforcement on its posterior surface and a broad, anterolateral, sclerotized acrophallus, on anterior surface near apex, ~1.6X as long as basiphallus, slight club apically.

Female (Fig. 24) length: 10–11mm, overall morphology as in males except in the following character states: three proclinate orbital setae and one reclinate orbital seta outside of frontal row; chaetotaxy: acrostichal setae 4:3–4. Abdomen, slightyl more globose, with dark maroon ground color.

Diagnosis

Belvosiacarolinacanoae sp. n. can be distinguished from all other Belvosia by the following combination of traits: fronto-orbital gray tomentose with a silver parafacial, pilosity of gena, and lowest frontal setulae dark, basicosta brilliant orange, abdomen with dark ground color, median marginal setae on syntergite 1+2 weak and hair-like almost absent, T4 bearing gold tomentum at least 10% coverage.

Etymology

Belvosiacarolinacanoae sp. n, is named in honor of Sra. Carolina Cano in recognition of her decades of being part of the Parataxonomist Program of Area de Conservación Guanacaste (http://www.acguanacaste.ac.cr) in northwestern Costa Rica (Janzen and Hallwachs 2011). Interim species-specific name included in previously circulating databases and publications, Belvosia Woodley03D.

Distribution

Costa Rica, ACG, Guanacaste Province, 280–400 m elevation.

Ecology

Belvosiacarolinacanoae sp. n. has been reared seven times from two species of Lepidoptera in the family Saturniidae, Hylesiacontinua (Walker, 1865) (N=2), and Hylesiadalina Schaus, 1911 (N=5) dry forest, and dry-rain lowland intergrade.

Belvosiacarolinacanoae sp. n. habitus images a–d: male, holotype n. DHJPAR0065397

8BEC24D5-F4EC-5DFD-95FA-EEB5EB1C030C10.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure22a

dorsal view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752984
BA4218A4-DB50-5989-B20E-16FC950D64AB10.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure22b

frontal view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752994
51890CEC-8873-5EDC-9628-35ECD67102E810.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure22c

three quarters view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752995
2EAFE4BE-9D4C-568B-BC27-75E80B5C93B610.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure22d

lateral view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752987

Belvosiacarolinacanoae sp. n. terminalia images a–c: male, paratype n. DHJPAR0065381

D8115AD7-6677-582D-BA53-FFDEC1EDDAA410.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure23a

caudal view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771818
FAE34583-4672-53CC-9D6F-99F88BDFBED110.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure23b

lateral view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771819
F920AB48-6B81-533E-9250-7032F02A2D6410.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure23c

sternite 5, ventral view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771820

Belvosiacarolinacanoae sp. n. habitus images a–d: female, paratype n. DHJPAR0019474

63C0737A-293B-5560-8060-C2E43499BC7910.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure24a

dorsal view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/384524
03546E54-A65B-5917-8435-A1279C7B8B1810.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure24b

frontal view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/384525
49B0B5F3-0301-5A86-A0C0-204D619700E010.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure24c

three quarters view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/384526
2C3D6A7B-436B-567E-854F-A6C7D49BCF8B10.3897/BDJ.11.e103667.figure24d

lateral view

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/384527
JanzenDaniel H.HallwachsWinnie2011Joining inventory by parataxonomists with DNA barcoding of a large complex tropical conserved wildland in Northwestern Costa RicaPLOS One6810.1371/journal.pone.0018123