Animalia Hemiptera Miridae NamyatovaAnna A.DzhelaliPolina A.KonstantinovFedor V.Delimitation of the widely distributed Palearctic Stenodema species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae): insights from molecular and morphological dataZookeys13082024120924529410.3897/zookeys.1209.124766 5B686FFC-4F89-5E3C-AC84-53FADD6652C5 Stenodema turanica Reuter, 1904Figs 1B, C, 2C, I, 6A–D, Q, 7D–F, 8, 10A, E, 11A–D Stenodema turanicum Reuter, 1904: 23 (original description); Carvalho 1959: 307 (catalogue); Wagner 1974: 112 (key to species). Stenodema turanica : Muminov 1989: 127 (key to species); Kerzhner and Josifov 1999: 196 (catalogue).6Type material examined.

Lectotype of Stenodematuranicum Reuter, 1904 (designated here): Turkmenistan • ♂; Kopet Dagh; 38.06°N, 57.37°E; no date provided; K.O. Ahnger; (http://id.luomus.fi/GZ.56573); (MZH).

Paralectotypes of Stenodematuranicum Reuter, 1904: Kyrgyzstan • 2♀; Chiburgan [Tschiburgan] valley; 39.60°N, 70.65°E; no date provided; A.P. Fedchenko; (http://id.luomus.fi/GZ.56577, http://id.luomus.fi/GZ.56580); (MZH) • ♀; Gulcha [Gulscha]; 40.31°N, 73.44°E; no date provided; A.P. Fedchenko; (http://id.luomus.fi/GZ.56575); (MZH) Tajikistan: • ♂ Panjakent [Pendzhikent], valley of Zeravshan River; 39.48°N, 67.60°E; no date provided; A.P. Fedchenko; (AMNH_PBI 00345037, http://id.luomus.fi/GZ.56652); • 2♀; (AMNH_PBI 00345035, http://id.luomus.fi/GZ.56650; AMNH_PBI 00345036, http://id.luomus.fi/GZ.56651); (MZH). Turkmenistan: • ♂; Kopet Dagh; 38.06°N, 57.37°E; no date provided; K.O. Ahnger; (http://id.luomus.fi/GZ.56579); • 2♀ (http://id.luomus.fi/GZ.56578, http://id.luomus.fi/GZ.56572); (MZH) • ♀ Gokdepe [Geok-tepe]; 38.15°N, 57.95°E; K.O. Ahnger; (http://id.luomus.fi/GZ.56574); (MZH). Uzbekistan: • ♀; Shohimardon [Schagimardan]; 39.99°N, 71.81°E; no date provided; A.P. Fedchenko; (http://id.luomus.fi/GZ.56576); (MZH).

Diagnosis.

Body length in male 6.1–6.8, in female 6.6–7.3; frons protruding above clypeus base (Fig. 1H, I); labium reaching middle coxa (as in Fig. 1N); hind femur distinctly tapering towards apex, without spines, not enlarged, 6–8× as long as wide (Fig. 2C); hind tibia curved basally (Fig. 2I); swelling on propleura curved (Fig. 1H); antennal segment I length/head width ratio in male 1.0, in female 0.9–1.0; antennal segment I length/pronotum length ratio 0.7–0.9 in male, 0.7 in female; antennal segment I not widened basally, its setae at base as dense as on other parts of this segment; setae of antennal segment I simple; antennal segment II length/head width ratio in male 3.1–3.5; groove on posterior part of mesopleuron absent (as in Fig. 1M); paired pits between calli absent (as in Fig. 1G); setae on posterior margin of hind femur denser than on other parts of femur, shorter than half of hind femur width (Fig. 2C); genital capsule only slightly longer than wide, acute apically, with outgrowth near left paramere socket (Fig. 6Q); right paramere ca 3× as long as wide, its apical part as wide as basal part, apical process not bifurcate (Fig. 6A); left paramere with apical process acute in posterior view (Fig. 6D), its sensory lobe swollen (Fig. 6B); vesica with four membranous lobes (Figs 7E, F, 8A); dorsal labiate plate as long as wide, sclerotized ring 2–3× as long as wide; distance between sclerotized rings 4× as long as sclerotized ring width; membranous swelling on dorsal labiate plate not covering sclerotized rings (Fig. 10A); posterior wall with dorsal structure and sigmoid process between interramal lobes, dorsal structure oval (Fig. 10E).

10.3897/zookeys.1209.124766.figure72EECC15E-880B-54B6-BC9A-42B3ECAE2B77

Inflated vesica, S.laevigata, ZISP_ENT 00002699 A dorsal view B left lateral view C ventral lateral view. S.turanica, ZISP_ENT 00003618 D dorsal view E left lateral view F ventral lateral view. S.virens, ZISP_ENT 00003616 G dorsal view H ventral view I left lateral view.

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112627
10.3897/zookeys.1209.124766.figure88A108B1F-F2F1-5BC7-B980-7EE4E3A78C8B

Male genitalia of Brachytropisturanica. lectotype A inflated aedeagus. left lateral view B genital capsule C right paramere. dorsal view D left paramere. dorsal view.

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112628
Distribution.

Stenodematuranica is known from the Balkans, Caucasus, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Central Asia, Mongolia, and northwestern China (Kerzhner and Josifov 1999).

Notes.

Stenodematuranica was originally described (Reuter 1904) from the type series collected by K.O. Ahnger and A.P. Fedchenko in Central Asia and retained at the Finnish Museum of Natural History (MZH). Due to the observed similarity of S.turanica with S.virens, here we designated the lectotype for Stenodematuranicum Reuter, 1904, the male from Kopet Dagh mountains in Turkmenistan (Fig. 8, http://id.luomus.fi/GZ.56573).

Stenodematuranica and S.virens are very similar externally. According to Wagner (1974), in S.turanica antennal segment II is twice as long as segments III and IV combined, whereas in S.virens this segment is only 1.5× times as long as segments III and IV combined. Additionally, the setae on the inner margin of hind femur are inclined in S.virens, whereas they are straight in S.turanica. The setae on the hind femur are more or less the same in both species (Fig. 2B, C). We confirm that the antennal segment II is longer in males of S.turanica rather than in males of S.virens, in particular, antennal segment II/head width ratio is 3.1–3.5 in S.turanica and 2.4–2.6 in S.virens. However, we were unable to find reliable differences in female measurements. These two species differ from each other in both, male (compare Fig. 7D–F and Fig. 7G–I) and female (compare Fig. 10A, E and Fig. 10C, D) genitalia.

10.3897/zookeys.1209.124766.figure1CF26625B-C52E-5BA4-B704-1BFDB726EAD1

SEM images. S.pilosaA head, anterior view. ZISP_ENT 00009372 G head and pronotum, dorsal view, ZISP_ENT 00009372 Q hind tarsus, ZISP_ENT 00009386. S.turanicaB head, anterior view, ZISP_ENT 00004934 C head, lateral view, ZISP_ENT 00004934. S.holsataD pretarsus, dorsal view, ZISP_ENT 00013676 F head and pronotum, dorsal view, ZISP_ENT 00007905. S.calcarataE head and pronotum, dorsal view, ZISP_ENT 00007331 I head and pronotum, lateral view, ZISP_ENT 00013671 L thoracic pleura, ZISP_ENT 00007386 N labium, ZISP_ENT 00007382. S.laevigataH head and pronotum, lateral view, ZISP_ENT 00005650 K thoracic pleura, ZISP_ENT 00007921 O labium, ZISP_ENT 00013673. S.virensJ scutellum, clavus. and corium, ZISP_ENT 00003645 P cuneus and membrane, ZISP_ENT 00003645. S.sibiricaM thoracic pleura, ZISP_ENT 00004930.

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112621
10.3897/zookeys.1209.124766.figure2611BCC92-7D28-59A3-A5D8-8A0D702418DF

SEM images. S.calcarataA hind femur, ZISP_ENT 00007331 G pretarsus ventrally, ZISP_ENT 00013668 J hind tibia, ZISP_ENT 00007331. S.virensB hind femur, ZISP_ENT 00003645. S.turanicaC hind femur, ZISP_ENT 00004938 I hind tibia, ZISP_ENT 00004938. S.pilosaD hind femur, ZISP_ENT 00009371. S.laevigataE hind femur, ZISP_ENT 00006444. S.sibiricaF hind femur, ZISP_ENT 00003705. S.holsataH hind femur, ZISP_ENT 00013674.

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112622
10.3897/zookeys.1209.124766.figure6C18A9033-E89E-54B1-9F38-60909A38B4F8

Male genitalia. S.turanica. ZISP_ENT 00003654 A right paramere, dorsal view C right paramere, posterior view Q genital capsule, dorsal view; ZISP_ENT 00003618 B left paramere, dorsal view D left paramere, posterior view. S.sibirica. ZISP_ENT 00003617 (vesica with long ridge) E right paramere, dorsal view F left paramere, dorsal view G right paramere, posterior view H left paramere, posterior view U genital capsule, dorsal view; ZISP_ENT 00003620 (vesica with short ridge) I right paramere, dorsal view J left paramere, dorsal view K right paramere, posterior view L left paramere, posterior view T genital capsule, dorsal view. S.pilosa. ZISP_ENT 00003626 N right paramere, dorsal view M left paramere, dorsal view O right paramere, posterior view P left paramere, posterior view R theca S genital capsule, dorsal view.

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112626
10.3897/zookeys.1209.124766.figure105CC5ED5B-3778-5D52-980F-D0069C0CE8CF

Female genitalia. S.turanica. ZISP_ENT 00002735 A dorsal labiate plate E posterior wall of bursa copulatrix. S.sibirica. ZISP_ENT 00003679 B posterior wall of bursa copulatrix F dorsal labiate plate. S.virens ZISP_ENT 00002732 C posterior wall of bursa copulatrix D dorsal labiate plate.

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112630
10.3897/zookeys.1209.124766.figure11173A7522-E115-5F0C-ABB7-B2FC22ADD9D9

Digital images of habitus. S.turanicaA ♂ ZISP_ENT 00004938 B ♂ ZISP_ENT 00004937 C ♀. ZISP_ENT 00004935 D ♀. ZISP_ENT 00004953. S.virensE ♂ ZISP_ENT 00004898 F ♂ ZISP_ENT 00004897 G ♀. ZISP_ENT 00004894. S.holsataH ♂ ZISP_ENT 00004903 I ♀ ZISP_ENT 00004907.

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112631

For more references and a list of synonyms see Carvalho (1959), Schuh (1995), and Kerzhner and Josifov (1999).

CarvalhoJCM (1959) A catalogue of the Miridae of the world. Part IV.Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro48: 1384.WagnerE (1974) Die Miridae Hahn, 1831, des Mitelmeerraumes und der Makaronesischen Inseln (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Teil. 1. Entomologische Abhandlungen 37 (Supplement): 1–484. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112653241MuminovNN (1989) Species of the genus Stenodema (Heteroptera: Miridae) from the USSR and Mongolia.Insects of Mongolia10: 126135. [in Russian]KerzhnerIMJosifovM (1999) Cimicomorpha II. In: Aukema B, Rieger C (Eds) Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palearctic Region, Vol.3, Amsterdam, Netherlands Entomological Society, 577 pp.ReuterOM (1904) Synopsis speciarum Stenodema-Arten Lap., m.Öfversigt af Finska Vetenskapssocietetens Förhandlingar46(15): 121.