Animalia Coleoptera Tenebrionidae JiBao-YueGuoTong-YangGuMei-ChangRenGuo-DongLiXiu-MinDescription of five larvae of the genus Gnaptorina Reitter, 1887 from Xizang, China (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Blaptinae), with molecular species delimitation and diagnosesZookeys14082024120929531410.3897/zookeys.1209.124184 5F2F7427-0208-5807-BA30-5F669FC41790 Gnaptorina tishkovi Medvedev, 1998Examined materials.

Larvae. 14 exx. (MHBU): Qomolangma, Tingri County, Xizang/ 28°11.33′ N, 86°49.80′ E/ Alt. 4960m/ 2023-VII-20/ Xing-Long Bai, Quan-Yu Ji, Jian Song leg.; 5 exx. (MHBU): Tingri County, Xizang/ 28°36.68′ N, 87°07.78′ E/ Alt. 4270m/ 2014-VII-24/ Guo-Dong Ren, Xing-Long Bai, Jun-Sheng Shan leg.; 5 exx. (MHBU): Tingri County, Xizang/ 28°27.58′ N, 87°37.15′ E/ Alt. 4480m/ 2019-VIII-16/ Xiu-Min Li leg.; 10 exx. (MHBU): Dinggyê County, Xizang/ 28°08.48′ N, 87°42.45′ E/ Alt. 4700m/ 2014-VIII-4/ Guo-Dong Ren, Xing-long Bai, Jun-Sheng Shan leg.; 5 exx. (MHBU): Dinggyê County, Xizang/ 2014-VIII-4/ Guo-Dong Ren leg.

Description.

Body (Fig. 4A–C). Larvae length 21.8–23.5 mm, width 2.4–3.0 mm. Body yellowish brown, shiny, body wall ossified; median line obvious on on thorax dorsally and abdominal tergite I.

10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure4174F7110-534B-5BE4-A983-6379365FF695

Larva of Gnaptorinatishkovi Medvedev, 1998 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A–C); 1 mm (D–F, H–K); 0.5 mm (G).

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Head (Fig. 4B, D–G). Labrum transverse; apical part with six setae; anterior margin with two discal and six slender lateral marginal setae; epipharynx with sparse setae on lateral margin, with two basal spines on central area, between the basal spines with four mastoids, with six mastoids above the basal spines (Fig. 4G); mandible left-right unsymmetrical, membranous elevation with two setae (Fig. 4D, F). Epicranial stem Y-shaped, epicranial stem with a pair of pale brown patterns on distal margin; frons convex, with sparse long setae on lateral margins, with four pairs of setae at apex (a pair on upper margin, a pair on middle margin, two pairs on mid-posterior margin) (Fig. 4D, F). Posterior margin of middle part of frontal pale brown covered. Ocelli evident (Fig. 4B). Maxillary palpi (Fig. 4E) three-segmented, cylindrical, and conical at apex; I widest, II longest. Labial palps two-segmented, short; II conical; prementum with two setae on anterior margin, apex with two long setae, lateral sides with two long setae; mentum convex, hexagonal; mentum more slender than prementum, posterior margin with four long setae; submentum with six setae on posterior margin (three on left, three on right). Antennae three-segmented, cylindrical at apex; I longest and widest; III shortest and narrowest (Fig. 4B, D–G).

Thorax (Fig. 4A). Pronotum and metanotum with two pairs of elongate setae on anterior margin and a pair of setae on posterior margin. Mesonotum with a pair of setae on anterior, middle, and posterior margin. Anterior and posterior borders of pronotum with brown longitudinal stripes, posterior border of mesonotum and metanotum with a brown longitudinal stripe. Pronotum longest, 1.96 × as long as mesonotum, 1.61 × as long as metanotum, mesonotum shortest.

Legs (Fig. 4H). Protarsungulus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base. Profemora and protibiae gradually narrowing towards apex; inner margin setal formula of prothoracic leg 3–4(1–2):6(3):2(2); outer margin of tibiae with two strong, short spines; outer margin of femora with two setae; trochanter with two short setae. Mesotarsus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base; inner margin setal formula of mesothoracic leg 4:5(1):2(2); outer margin of tibiae with two spines; outer margin of femora with two spines; outer margin of trochanters with two spines and one seta. Metatarsus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base; inner margin setal formula of metathoracic leg 3–4(2):4(3):2(2), outer margin of tibiae with two spines, outer margin of femora with two spines, outer margin of trochanters with two spines and one seta.

Abdomen (Fig. 4A, C). Not constricted between VIII and IX segments. Approximately 4.20 × as long as thorax; abdominal segments I–VIII subcylindrical, with transverses plicae; ventral side of abdominal segment I with sparse setae on anterior and lateral margins, with four setae on posterior margin (two on left, two on right); ventral side of abdominal segments II–VIII with three pairs of setae on anterior, middle, and posterior margin of lateral margins, respectively. Last segment conical, 0.87 × as long as VIII, distinctly narrower than VIII; surface of convex disc with sparse long setae in ventral view, with a row of short spines on each side (six spines each on left and right); last segment dorsally flattened; urogomphi inconspicuous and apex truncated, with two short spines (Fig. 4I–K).

Spiracles (Fig. 4C). Mesothoracic spiracles are almost twice size of abdominal segment I spiracles; lateral margins of abdominal segments I–VIII and mesothorax each with a pair of oval spiracles, abdominal segment I spiracles largest, abdominal segments I–VIII spiracles gradually shrinking.