Animalia Coleoptera Tenebrionidae JiBao-YueGuoTong-YangGuMei-ChangRenGuo-DongLiXiu-MinDescription of five larvae of the genus Gnaptorina Reitter, 1887 from Xizang, China (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Blaptinae), with molecular species delimitation and diagnosesZookeys14082024120929531410.3897/zookeys.1209.124184 9252CF90-660B-53E3-9C68-DD9829CE3986 Gnaptorina brucei Blair, 1923Examined materials.

Larvae. 2 exx. (MHBU): Rongxar Township, Tingri County, Xizang/ 28°10.92′ N, 86°29.25′ E/ Alt. 4820m/ 2014-VII-28/Guo-Dong Ren, Xing-Long Bai, Jun-Sheng Shan leg.

Description.

Body (Fig. 5A–C). Larvae length 24.5–25.5 mm, width 2.2–2.5 mm, comparatively thin. Body yellowish brown, shiny, body wall ossified; median line obvious on thorax dorsally and abdominal tergite I.

10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure5AC208EB9-7BA9-58B7-8C1F-0163F58A06EF

Larva of Gnaptorinabrucei Blair, 1923 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F, G head, vertex view H epipharynx I legs J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A–C); 1 mm (D–G, I–L); 0.5 mm (H).

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Head (Fig. 5B, D–H). Labrum transverse; apical part with six setae; anterior margin with two discal and six slender lateral marginal setae; epipharynx with sparse setae on lateral margin, with two basal spines on central area, between the basal spines with four mastoids, with six mastoids above the basal spines (Fig. 5H); mandible left-right unsymmetrical, membranous elevation with two setae (Fig. 5D, E). Epicranial stem Y-shaped; frons convex, frons with densely long setae on lateral margins, with four pairs of setae at apex (a pair on anterior margin, a pair on mid-anterior margin, two pairs on mid-posterior margin) (Fig. 5D). Ocelli inconspicuous (Fig. 5B). Maxillary palpi (Fig. 5E) three-segmented, cylindrical, and conical at apex; I widest, II longest. Labial palps two-segmented, short; II conical; prementum with two setae on anterior margin, apex with two long setae, lateral sides with four long setae; mentum convex, hexagonal; mentum more slender than prementum, lateral margin with five or six long setae, posterior margin with one long setae; submentum with eight setae on posterior margin. Antennae three-segmented, cylindrical at apex; I longest and widest; III shortest and narrowest.

Thorax (Fig. 5A). Each thoracic tergum with two pairs of elongate setae on anterior and posterior margin. Anterior and posterior borders of pronotum with brown longitudinal stripes; posterior border of mesonotum and metanotum with a brown longitudinal stripe. Pronotum longest, 1.70 × as long as mesonotum, 1.45 × as long as metanotum, mesonotum shortest.

Legs (Fig. 5I). Protarsungulus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base. Profemora and protibiae gradually narrowing towards apex; inner margin setal formula of prothoracic leg 5(3): 6–7(4): 2(2); outer margin of tibiae with one short seta and one strong, short spine; outer margin of femora with two setae; trochanter with three setae. Mesotarsus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base; inner margin setal formula of mesothoracic leg 3(3): 5(3): 2(2); outer margin of tibiae with two spines; outer margin of femora with two spines; outer margin of trochanters with one spine and two setae. Metatarsus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base; inner margin setal formula of metathoracic leg 3(2): 5–6(3): 2(2), outer margin of tibiae with two spines, outer margin of femora with two spines, outer margin of trochanters with one spine and two setae.

Abdomen (Fig. 5A, C). Constricted between VIII and IX segments. Approximately 3.54 × as long as thorax; abdominal segments I–VIII subcylindrical, with transverses plicae; ventral side of abdominal segment I with sparse setae on anterior and lateral margins, with two setae on posterior margin; ventral side of abdominal segments II–VIII with two pairs of setae on lateral margin. Last segment conical, 0.79 × as long as VIII, distinctly narrower than VIII; last segment surface of convex disc with sparse long setae in ventral view, with a row of short spines on each side (four spines on left, six spines on right); urogomphi inconspicuous and upturned slightly, with two short spines (Fig. 5J–L).

Spiracles (Fig. 5C). Lateral margins of abdominal segments I–VIII and mesothorax each with a pair of oval spiracles, mesothoracic spiracles largest, abdominal segments I–VIII spiracles gradually shrinking.