Animalia Coleoptera Tenebrionidae JiBao-YueGuoTong-YangGuMei-ChangRenGuo-DongLiXiu-MinDescription of five larvae of the genus Gnaptorina Reitter, 1887 from Xizang, China (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Blaptinae), with molecular species delimitation and diagnosesZookeys14082024120929531410.3897/zookeys.1209.124184 ECA4EE4F-9401-5F45-B517-73235E0AF2FD Gnaptorina himalaya Shi, Ren & Merkl, 2007Examined materials.

Larvae. 2 exx. (MHBU): Garyü Countyside, Qusum County, Xizang/ 28°50.25’ N, 91°59.90’ E/ Alt. 4790m/ 2019-VII-31/ Xiu-Min Li leg.; 4 exx. (MHBU): Zag La, Comai County, Xizang/ 2019-VII-31/ Guo-Dong Ren leg.

Description.

Body (Fig. 6A–C). Larvae length 16.8–22.0 mm, width 2.1–2.3 mm, thick. Body yellowish brown, shiny, body wall ossified; median line obvious on thorax dorsally and abdominal tergite I.

10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure6F9FFB46D-2E9D-5E3A-BB60-B1BDB132661F

Larva of Gnaptorinahimalaya Shi, Ren & Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H legs I pygopods, dorsal view J pygopods, ventral view K pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A–C); 1 mm (D–F, H–K); 0.5 mm (G).

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1113498

Head (Fig. 6B, D–G). Labrum transverse; apical part with six setae; anterior margin with two discal and six slender lateral marginal setae; epipharynx with sparse setae on lateral margin, with two basal spines on central area, between the basal spines with four mastoids, with three pairs of mastoids above the basal spines; mandible left-right unsymmetrical, membranous elevation with two setae (Fig. 6D, F, G). Epicranial stem Y or V-shaped; frons convex, with sparse setae on lateral margins, with four pairs of setae at apex (a pair on anterior margin, a pair on middle margin, two pairs on posterior margin) (Fig. 6D, F). Ocelli evident, three parallel rows arranged transversely (Fig. 6B). Maxillary palpi (Fig. 6E) three-segmented, cylindrical, and conical at apex; I widest, II longest. Labial palps two-segmented, short; II conical; prementum shorter than mentum, with two setae on anterior margin, apex with two long setae; mentum convex, trapezoidal, base of mentum straight; mentum wide and short, posterior margin with 4–6 long setae; submentum with nine setae on middle margin. Antennae three-segmented, cylindrical at apex; I nearly as long as II; III shortest and narrowest (Fig. 6B, D–G).

Thorax (Fig. 6A). Pronotum with four pairs of setae (two pairs of setae on anterior margin, a pair of setae on middle margin, a pair of setae on posterior margin); mesonotum with three pairs of long setae, a pair on anterior margin, two pairs on middle; metanotum with four pairs of setae, two pairs on anterior margin, two pairs on middle. Anterior and posterior borders of pronotum with brown longitudinal stripes, and a pair of pale brown irregular spots; posterior border of mesonotum and metanotum with a brown longitudinal stripe. Pronotum longest, 2.80 × as long as mesonotum, 2.06 × as long as metanotum, mesonotum shortest.

Legs (Fig. 6H). Protarsungulus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base. Profemora and protibiae gradually narrowing towards apex; inner margin setal formula of prothoracic leg 5(4): 6(2–3): 2(2); outer margin of tibiae with one strong seta and one short spine; outer margin of femora with two setae; trochanter with three setae. Mesotarsus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base; inner margin setal formula of mesothoracic leg 2–4(2–3):5(2–3):2(2); outer margin of tibiae with two spines; outer margin of femora with two spines; outer margin of trochanters with one spine and two setae. Metatarsus with two strong, short spines at base; inner margin setal formula of metathoracic leg 3(2–3): 4(2):2(2), outer margin of tibiae with two spines, outer margin of femora with two spines, outer margin of trochanters with one spine and two setae.

Abdomen (Fig. 6A, C). Not constricted between VIII and IX segments. Approximately 3.91 × as long as thorax; abdominal segments I–VIII subcylindrical, with transverses plicae; ventral side of abdominal segment I with 11 setae on anterior margin and 5–7 on each side, with two pairs of setae on posterior margin; ventral side of abdominal segment II with six pairs of setae (four pairs of setae on lateral margin, two pairs of setae on posterior margin); ventral side of abdominal segments III–VIII with four pairs of setae on lateral margin (two pairs of setae on mid-lateral margin, two pairs of setae on posterior margin). Last segment conical, 0.87 × as long as VIII, distinctly narrower than VIII; last segment surface of convex disc with sparse long setae in ventral view, with a row of short spines each side (five spines on left, five spines on right); last segment dorsally flattened, urogomphi inconspicuous, with one short spines (Fig. 6I–K).

Spiracles (Fig. 6C). Lateral margins of abdominal segments I–VIII and mesothorax each with a pair of oval spiracles, mesothorax spiracles much larger than abdominal spiracles, abdominal segments I–VIII spiracles gradually shrinking.