Animalia Coleoptera Tenebrionidae JiBao-YueGuoTong-YangGuMei-ChangRenGuo-DongLiXiu-MinDescription of five larvae of the genus Gnaptorina Reitter, 1887 from Xizang, China (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Blaptinae), with molecular species delimitation and diagnosesZookeys14082024120929531410.3897/zookeys.1209.124184 BD497C50-1170-5A59-89D3-C389B2E9E952 Gnaptorina kangmar Shi, Ren & Merkl, 2007Examined materials.

Larvae. 27 exx. (MHBU): Nai Chin Kangsang Snow Mountain, Xizang/ 28°53.90’ N, 90°09.85’ E/ Alt. 5030m/ 2014-VIII-6/ Guo-Dong Ren, Xing-Long Bai, Jun-Sheng Shan leg.; 21 exx. (MHBU): Gyangzê County, Xizang/ 2014-VIII-6/ Guo-Dong Ren, Xing-Long Bai, Jun-Sheng Shan leg.

Description.

Body (Fig. 7A–C). Larvae length 19.2–20.0 mm, width 2.3–2.5 mm, moderately thickened. Body yellowish brown, shiny, body wall ossified; median line obvious on pronotum and mesonotum.

10.3897/zookeys.1209.124184.figure73C1440E3-D5DE-57FC-9A20-ACF0398CB96B

Larva of Gnaptorinakangmar Shi, Ren & Merkl, 2007 A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, ventral view D head, dorsal view E head, ventral view F head, vertex view G epipharynx H prothoracic leg, lateral view I mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, lateral view J pygopods, dorsal view K pygopods, ventral view L pygopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A–C); 1 mm (D–F, H–L); 0.5 mm (G).

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Head (Fig. 7B, D–G). Labrum transverse; apical part with six setae; anterior margin with two discal and six slender lateral marginal setae; epipharynx with sparse setae on lateral margin, with two basal spines on central area, between the basal spines with four mastoids, with six mastoids above the basal spines; mandible left-right unsymmetrical, membranous elevation with two setae (Fig. 7D, E, G). Epicranial stem Y-shaped; frons convex, with sparse setae on lateral margins, with four pairs of setae at apex (a pair on anterior margin, a pair on middle margin, two pairs on mid-posterior margin) (Fig. 7D, F). Ocelli evident, two parallel rows arranged transversely (Fig. 7B). Maxillary palpi (Fig. 7E) three-segmented, cylindrical, and conical at apex; I widest, II longest. Labial palps two-segmented, short; II conical; prementum short, with two setae on anterior margin, apex with two long setae; mentum convex, trapezoidal, base of mentum straight; mentum wide and short, lateral margin with five or six long setae, mid-posterior margin with two long setae; submentum with nine setae on middle margin. Antennae three-segmented, cylindrical at apex; I longest; III shortest and narrowest (Fig. 7B, D–G).

Thorax (Fig. 7A). Pronotum and mesonotum with four pairs of setae (two pairs of setae on anterior margin, two pairs of setae on posterior margin); metanotum with three pairs of long setae, a pair on mid-anterior margin, two pairs on middle. Anterior and posterior borders of pronotum with brown longitudinal stripes; posterior border of mesonotum and metanotum with a brown longitudinal stripe. Pronotum longest, 2.03 × as long as mesonotum, 1.89 × as long as metanotum, mesonotum shortest.

Legs (Fig. 7H, I). Protarsungulus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base. Profemora and protibiae gradually narrowing towards apex; inner margin setal formula of prothoracic leg 5(1): 7(5–6): 2(2); outer margin of tibiae with two strong and short spines; outer margin of femora with two setae; trochanter with three setae. Mesotarsus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base; inner margin setal formula of mesothoracic leg 4(2): 4(2): 2(2); outer margin of tibiae with two spines; outer margin of femora with two spines; outer margin of trochanters with two spines and one seta (Fig. 7H). Metatarsus with a strong, long seta on inner side and a strong, short spine on outer side at base; inner margin setal formula of metathoracic leg 4(3): 5(2): 2(2), outer margin of tibiae with two spines, outer margin of femora with two spines, outer margin of trochanters with two spines and one seta.

Abdomen (Fig. 7A, C). Not constricted between VIII and IX segments Approximately 2.68 × as long as thorax; abdominal segments I–VIII subcylindrical, with transverses plicae; ventral side of abdominal segment I with 12 setae on anterior margin and six setae on each side, with two pairs of setae on posterior margin; ventral side of abdominal segment II with seven pairs of setae (five pairs of setae on lateral margin, two pairs of setae on posterior margin); ventral side of abdominal segments III–VIII with three pairs of setae (two pairs of setae on mid-lateral margin, a pairs of setae on posterior margin); ventral side of abdominal segment VIII with four pairs of setae on lateral margin and two pairs of setae on posterior margin. Last segment conical, 0.91 × as long as VIII, distinctly narrower than VIII; last segment surface of convex disc with sparse long setae in ventral view, with a row of short spines on each side (five spines on left, five spines on right); last segment dorsally flattened, urogomphi inconspicuous, with two short spines (Fig. 7J–L).

Spiracles (Fig. 7C). Lateral margins of abdominal segments I–VIII and mesothorax each with a pair of oval spiracles, mesothorax spiracles much larger than abdominal spiracles, abdominal segments I–VIII spiracles gradually shrinking.