"","swiftID","endnoteID_original","source_type","author","year","title","source","volume","issue","start_page","abstract","doi","url"
"1","12690003","7918",NA,"Maurer, Leah and Puishys, Lauren and Ho, Nancy Kim Pham and Dahlgren, Craig and Kamerman, Tanya Y. and Martin, Scott and Stamper, M. Andrew","2022","Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata cultured on a low maintenance line nursery design in The Bahamas","full_search","17","4","e0267034","Acroporid corals are one of the most important corals in the Caribbean because of their role in building coral reefs. Unfortunately, Acropora corals have suffered a severe decline in the last 50 years thus prompting the development of many restoration practices, such as coral nurseries, to increase the abundance of these species. However, many coral nursery designs require constant visits and maintenance limiting restoration to more convenient sites. Additionally, most studies lack the details required for practitioners to make informed decisions about replicating nursery designs. Two line nurseries were monitored for three years in The Bahamas to assess the survival of corals, Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata, as well as evaluate the durability and cost effectiveness of the nursery design. Survivorship ranged from 70 to 97% with one location experiencing significantly higher survivorship. The initial year build-out cost was high for a nursery, $22.97 per coral, but each nursery was comprised of specific materials that could withstand high storm conditions. Some unique aspects of the design included the use of longline clips and large-diameter monofilament lines which allowed for easier adjustments and more vigorous cleaning. The design proved to be very durable with materials showing a life expectancy of five years or more. Additionally, the design was able to withstand multiple hurricanes and winter storm conditions with little to no damage. Only two maintenance visits a year were required reducing costs after construction. After three years, this nursery design showed promising durability of materials and survivorship of both Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata despite being serviced just twice a year.","10.1371/journal.pone.0267034","https://lens.org/022-900-754-884-159 and https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0267034&type=printable"
"2","12689938","6002","JOUR","Lee, C. S. and Walford, J. and Goh, B. P.","2009","Adding coral rubble to substrata enhances settlement of Pocillopora damicornis larvae","full_search","28","2","529-533","Issue Title: Theme Section: Larval connectivity, resilience and the future of coral reefs Settlement preferences of Pocillopora damicornis larvae were examined on artificial substrata. Planulation of P. damicornis followed a lunar cycle and the release of larvae occurred after new moon. P. damicornis larvae had the highest rates of settlement within 3 days of being presented settlement substrata. Cumulative settlement gradually increased from 3 to 8 days, and post-settlement mortality was most frequent after 8 days. Settlement experiments showed greatest settlement preference to cement tiles containing 10% coral rubble. This study suggests that physical cues are important in the settlement process, which may be useful for coral reef rehabilitation projects. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]","https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0467-y","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/adding-coral-rubble-substrata-enhances-settlement/docview/235789893/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00338-009-0467-y.pdf"
"3","12689804","17805","JOUR","Miller, Margaret W. and Valdivia, Abel and Kramer, K. L. and Mason, Benjamin and Williams, Dana E. and Johnston, Lyza","2009","Alternate benthic assemblages on reef restoration structures and cascading effects on coral settlement","full_search","387",NA,"147-156","In coral reefs, restoration actions often involve artificial construction since physical structure enhances physico-chemical conditions for benthic communities and provides habitat for reef-associated fauna. We evaluated the performance of 4 restoration structures (RS, aged 5 to 12 yr) by comparing convergence of their benthic assemblages to adjacent reference reefs (REF). Multivari- ate clustering indicated that benthic assemblages were significantly distinct between RS and REF, as well as among sites. Differences were primarily attributable to weedy macroalgal and cyanobacterial groups, not slow-growing corals and crustose coralline algae. RS had a higher abundance of cyanobacterial turfs that can negatively affect adult and larval corals. To elucidate potential cascad- ing effects on reef development, we tested whether exudates of the distinct RS and REF assemblages inhibit settlement by planulae of 3 coral species in laboratory assays. Relative settlement deterrence (versus seawater controls) was variable both between sites and among coral species. For example, both RS and REF exudates from one site were deterrent to settlement for Acropora palmata and Diploria strigosa, but, for Montastraea faveolata, RS (but not REF) exudates from a second site were deterrent, while RS exudates from the first site were not. Overall, results indicate that divergence of benthic assemblages is not simply attributable to incomplete succession, but appears to be a persistent, possibly stable state and that benthic algal/cyanobacterial assemblages on both RS and REF in these locations impair 'recruitment potential' for framework-building corals to some degree.","10.3354/meps08097","https://lens.org/085-794-990-403-715 and https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2009/387/m387p147.pdf"
"4","12689703","8409","JOUR","Pasaribu, R. P. and Djari, A. A. and Rahman, A. and Kabul, A. and Sagala, H. A.","2023","Analysis of transplanted coral growth using the rock pile method in Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java, Indonesia","full_search","16","1","546-554","The condition of coral reefs in Indonesia is experiencing high degradation. Human factors have contributed more to the coral reefs damage than natural causes. Coral transplantation is an effort made to rehabilitate coral reefs by cutting live coral to accelerate the regeneration process of damaged coral reefs, to support population availability. The purpose of this study was to transplant corals Acropora formosa and Acropora aspera using the rock pile method, namely the use of dead coral as a natural substrate. The research was conducted in Legon Lele waters, Karimunjawa, Central Java, Indonesia. We were able to observe and collect data on the growth rate of corals and the survival rate of transplanted corals. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that corals A. formosa and A. aspera experienced positive growth in 3 months. The absolute growth height of A. formosa was 13.04 cm, while that of A. aspera was 7.74 cm. The average growth rate of A. formosa and A. aspera were 4.3 and 2.5 cm month-1, respectively. The survival rate until the end of the observation of A. formosa was 93.3%, while for A. aspera it was 90%. Based on these results, the transplant was considered successful. © 2023, BIOFLUX SRL. All rights reserved.",NA,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148088918&partnerID=40&md5=7136e62d37835a88220ab0dc2b119dbc"
"5","12689510","4600","JOUR","Mundy, C. N.","2000","An appraisal of methods used in coral recruitment studies","full_search","19","2","124-131","A new method for attaching individual arti®cial settlement plates directly to the reef surface using small stainless steel base plates is described. Recruitment of corals to settlement plates attached to the reef substratum and to steel mesh racks is compared. The e€ects of di€erences in depth, settlement plate angle, and local topography on recruitment of corals were also investigated. No signi®cant di€erence in mean recruit density was found between settlement plates deployed using the two attachment methods. Small di€erences in depth and plate angle among replicate plates explained less than 6% of the variability in coral recruitment on replicate settlement plates. The direct-attachment method is less obtrusive, more cost and time ecient, and settlement plates can be deployed at precise locations. Additionally, because settlement plates are deployed individually rather than grouped on racks or frames, the direct-attachment method avoids complications associated with assumptions of independence implicit in most statistical procedures.","DOI 10.1007/s003380000081","https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Craig-Mundy/publication/226558552_An_appraisal_of_methods_used_in_coral_recruitment_studies/links/00b495387d43cd6b29000000/An-appraisal-of-methods-used-in-coral-recruitment-studies.pdf and https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Craig-Mundy/publication/226558552_An_appraisal_of_methods_used_in_coral_recruitment_studies/links/00b495387d43cd6b29000000/An-appraisal-of-methods-used-in-coral-recruitment-studies.pdf and https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s003380000081.pdf"
"6","12689458","12444","JOUR","Burt, J. and Bartholomew, A. and Usseglio, P. and Bauman, A. and Sale, P. F.","2009","Are artificial reefs surrogates of natural habitats for corals and fish in Dubai, United Arab Emirates?","full_search","28","3","663-675","Artificial reefs are often promoted as mitigating human impacts in coastal ecosystems and enhancing fisheries; however, evidence supporting their benefits is equivocal. Such structures must be compared with natural reefs in order to assess their performance, but past comparisons typically examined artificial structures that were too small, or were immature, relative to the natural reefs. We compared coral and fish communities on two large (> 400,000 m(3)) and mature (> 25 year) artificial reefs with six natural coral patches. Coral cover was higher on artificial reefs (50%) than in natural habitats (31%), but natural coral patches contained higher species richness (29 vs. 20) and coral diversity (H' = 2.3 vs. 1.8). Multivariate analyses indicated strong differences between coral communities in natural and artificial habitats. Fish communities were sampled seasonally for 1 year. Multivariate fish communities differed significantly among habitat types in the summer and fall, but converged in the winter and spring. Univariate analysis indicated that species richness and abundance were stable throughout the year on natural coral patches but increased significantly in the summer on artificial reefs compared with the winter and spring, explaining the multivariate changes in community structure. The increased summer abundance on artificial reefs was mainly due to adult immigration. Piscivores were much more abundant in the fall than in the winter or spring on artificial reefs, but had low and stable abundance throughout the year in natural habitats. It is likely that the decreased winter and spring abundance of fish on the artificial reefs resulted from both predation and emigration. These results indicate that large artificial reefs can support diverse and abundant coral and fish communities. However, these communities differ structurally and functionally from those in natural habitats, and they should not be considered as replacements for natural coral and fish communities.","10.1007/s00338-009-0500-1","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349977414&doi=10.1007%2fs00338-009-0500-1&partnerID=40&md5=ed9ffa241a96a4a3a3973cc73ca8f291 and https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00338-009-0500-1.pdf"
"7","12689409","3043","JOUR","Latypov, Yu Ya","2014","Artificial cultivation of hermatypic corals on experimental frame on the Reefs of Vietnam","full_search","1","1","1-6","In 2003-2005 and 2010-2011, experimental commercial cultivation of 14 species of hermatypic corals was carried out using the method of donor colony fragmentation. The transplants successfully survived on experimental frame installations. The coral colonies that were recovered from the fragments became attached to the frame installations in a similar way to their attachment on natural substrata. The research has established species-specific factors and others affecting regeneration of fragments and growth of new colonies in these coral species. The accretion of donor fragments and new branches averaged from 40 to 160 mm per year, depending on the coral species, colony size, and season of transplantation. An average monthly accretion of medium and larger transplants and growth of new branches were 1.2-1.3 times higher at spring cultivation than at autumn transplanting. When transplanted, coral fragments of medium and larger sizes survived well and showed higher growth rates in all species studied. After 1-1.5 year, the size of the transplants was found to have increased by 220-275%. The newly formed artificial coral community was colonized by the damselfish Dascyllus reticulates (Pomacentridae).","10.4172/2376-0214.1000117","https://lens.org/009-932-035-354-958"
"8","12689387","1758","JOUR","Silva, Rodolfo and Mendoza, Edgar and Mariño-Tapia, Ismael and Martínez, M. L. and Escalante, Edgar Mancera","2016","An artificial reef improves coastal protection and provides a base for coral recovery","full_search","75","sp1","467-471","In 2007, Hurricane Dean caused extensive damage along the coast of Riviera Maya, exceptionally large mass of wind-transported sand was deposited on the beach front and gardens of the former NH Hotel in Puerto Morelos. Due to the chaotic sea state and the debris carried by the storm, the sand was contaminated with various pollutants, including terrigenous materials and biogenic matter. As an emergency measure, this sand was used to create an artificial dune in the grounds of the hotel. Given the high probability of future storms of such magnitude, it was decided that some form of sediment transport control was needed to protect the beach so an artificial reef was constructed 120 m off the shore. The structure, made of prefabricated concrete elements, has been effective as a coastal defense barrier and has also provided a habitat for several reef species. Five years after the placement of the structure the beach front, which had previously registered erosion problems, had returned to its natural cycle of summer growth and winter retreat and a large number of fish and coral species were using the habitat provided by the structure. However, the coral reef growing on this prefabricated structure was not long-lasting. The massive and persistent occurrence of Sargassum in 2015 brought oxygen depletion, reduced pH, an excess in nutrients and less water transparency on the Caribbean coast, leading to the decline of the reef habitat. Further studies are necessary to test whether reef species recolonize the prefabricated substrate.","10.2112/si75-094.1","https://lens.org/004-257-822-440-275 and https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-coastal-research/volume-75/issue-sp1/SI75-094.1/An-artificial-reef-improves-coastal-protection-and-provides-a-base/10.2112/SI75-094.1.pdf"
"9","12689383","6986","JOUR","Mwaura, Jelvas M. and Murage, Dishon and Karisa, Juliet F. and Otwoma, Levy M. and O. Said, Hashim","2023","Artificial reef structures and coral transplantation as potential tools for enhancing locally-managed inshore reefs: a case study from Wasini Island, Kenya","full_search","21","2","83-94","Many severely degraded reefs in the western Indian Ocean region show no signs of natural recovery and have remained for decades as barren, unconsolidated coral rubble fields with depleted commercially important fish groups. Consequently, several restoration techniques have been designed and developed to mitigate the localized impacts on coral reefs. Evaluating the efficacy of combined use of artificial reef structures and coral transplantation in enhancing habitat and recovery of key functions in severely degraded reefs is key to improved conservation of coral reefs. In this study, the survivorship rate of corals transplanted on reef structures is assessed, and changes in coral and fish abundance on artificial reef units and nearby natural reefs over time are compared. Coral cover on artificial reef structures increased from a mean of 17 % one year after initial attachment of fragments to 41 % after two years, with Acropora corals providing the highest cover. The artificial reef structures were also rapidly colonized by reef fish, with fish densities of 18±13 indiv./100 m2 showing an increase of about three fold higher than on natural reefs after two years. Greater numbers of commercially important fish groups (e.g., Lutjanids and Acanthurids) were observed on artificial reefs while natural reefs harboured more small sized fish (Pomacentrids and Labrids). These findings provide insights for artificial reef projects that are capable of restoring the regenerative capacity of the human-induced coral rubble beds.","10.4314/wiojms.v21i2.8","https://lens.org/020-646-282-053-256 and https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wiojms/article/download/224080/229333"
"10","12689379","13565","JOUR","Ng, C. S. L. and Toh, T. C. and Chou, L. M.","2017","Artificial reefs as a reef restoration strategy in sediment-affected environments: Insights from long-term monitoring","full_search","27","5","976-985","1. Artificial reefs provide substrates that facilitate the rapid recruitment of marine biota such as corals and fish, and are commonly employed as coral restoration tools to assist recovery in degraded areas. While this strategy is successful in the immediate years post-deployment, its contribution to restoration over longer time scales is less well understood. 2. The biological communities on Reef Enhancement Units (REUs), which had been deployed for more than a decade on Singapore's sediment-affected coral reefs, were surveyed. 3. The diversity of sessile lifeforms on the REUs was significantly higher in 2014 (H=1.03) than 2004 (H=0.60). Hard corals and coralline algae contributed most to the temporal dissimilarity and turf algae remained the dominant lifeform category in both years. 4. In 2014, hard corals and abiotic components contributed most to the spatial dissimilarity among the six REU plots that were surveyed. Shannon diversity values of these plots ranged from 0.74-1.3. Scleractinian cover ranged from 0.4-31.5% and differed significantly among the plots. 5. The REUs also augmented ecosystem functioning at their respective plots. Colonies from 10 of the 30 scleractinian genera recorded were sexually mature, and a total of 119 sessile and mobile reef taxa utilized the REUs for food and habitat. 6. The results demonstrate that artificial reefs can contribute to the development of biological communities and ecosystem functioning in degraded coral habitats over the long run, and underscore the need for long-term monitoring to validate the effectiveness of reef restoration efforts.","10.1002/aqc.2755","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/artificial-reefs-as-reef-restoration-strategy/docview/1953825532/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/aqc.2755"
"11","12689343","2589","JOUR","Irawan, Henky and Yude, R. and Suhana, Mario Putra and Suryanti, Ani and Kurniawan, Dedy and Zahra, A. and Putra, Risandi Dwirama and Razai, Tengku Said and Yunianto, Anton Hekso and Syakti, Agung Dhamar","2019","Assembled concrete reefs as a stand for coral transplantation on the seabed","full_search","348","1","12046","Corals are cultured as a multiplication effort to conserve the recovery of coral reef ecosystems in natural habitat or sold as ornamental biota for saltwater aquariums. Coral cultured requires a substrate for the enlargement of transplanted coral tillers, where the substrate must be in accordance with the needs and conditions of the aquatic environment. This assembled concrete reefs as a stand is designed to be resistant to the conditions of the monsoon season sea waters. Artificial reefs made of concrete designed with concrete beam where each beam has a dimension of 1 m in length, 10 cm in width and 10 cm in height are arranged in specific form so that it is easy to assemble to place on the seabed. The test results shown that this structure for 12 months on the seabed is still intact, the position of the structure has not shifted, the transplanted coral has remained attached, natural epiphytes already attached after 1 month and are attached until next 11 months.","10.1088/1755-1315/348/1/012046","https://lens.org/007-701-965-836-952"
"12","12689337","867","JOUR","Calle-Triviño, Johanna and Rivera-Madrid, Renata and León-Pech, María Geovana and Cortés-Useche, Camilo and Sellares-Blasco, Rita Inés and Aguilar-Espinosa, Margarita and Arias-González, Jesús Ernesto","2020","Assessing and genotyping threatened staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis nurseries during restoration in southeast Dominican Republic","full_search","8","4","e8863","Acropora cervicornis is a structurally and functionally important Caribbean coral species. Since the 1980s, it has suffered drastic population losses with no signs of recovery and has been classified as a critically endangered species. Its rapid growth rate makes it an excellent candidate for coral restoration programs. In 2011, the Fundación Dominicana de Estudios Marinos (Dominican Marine Studies Foundation, FUNDEMAR) began an A. cervicornis restoration program in Bayahibe, southeast Dominican Republic. In this study, we present the methodology and results of this program from its conception through 2017, a preliminary analysis of the strong 2016 and 2017 cyclonic seasons in the greater Caribbean, and a genetic characterization of the ""main nursery"". The mean survival of the fragments over 12 months was 87.45 ± 4.85% and the mean productivity was 4.01 ± 1.88 cm year -1 for the eight nurseries. The mean survival of six outplanted sites over 12 months was 71.55 ± 10.4%, and the mean productivity was 3.03 ± 1.30 cm year -1. The most common cause of mortality during the first 12 months, in both nurseries and outplanted sites, was predation by the fireworm, Hermodice carunculata. We identified 32 multilocus genotypes from 145 total analyzed individuals. The results and techniques described here will aid in the development of current and future nursery and outplanted site restoration programs.","10.7717/peerj.8863","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1126774344 and https://peerj.com/articles/8863/"
"13","12689210","137","JOUR","Miller, Margaret W. and Barimo, John","2001","Assessment of juvenile coral populations at two reef restoration sites in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: Indicators of success?","full_search","69","2","395-405","Two major ship groundings in 1989 damaged reef habitats in the northern Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, the MV ALEC OWEN MAITLAND and the MV ELPIS. Both sites underwent structural restoration in 1995, involving the emplacement of exogenous structures to stabilize loose rubble and fill in lost reef framework. These two projects of the same age and similar location, but differing in depth and structure design, provide an opportunity to evaluate restoration success in terms of the re-establishment of coral populations via in situ recruitment. In fact, coral assemblages differ markedly in density, size distribution, and diversity between the two sites. Within the MAITLAND site, coral recruitment is positively associated with rough limerocks embedded in the concrete restoration structure, but the coral assemblage is dominated by a single species, Porites astreoides. At the ELPIS site, the juvenile coral assemblage has substantial representation by four taxa and has estimated juvenile density 50% greater than MAITLAND. These differences are associated with differences in the benthic algal assemblages at the two sites. It is hypothesized that differences in algal assemblage may result from differing structure designs (e.g., differing material, surface texture, and/or surface orientation) and may mediate differential coral recruitment success at the two sites.",NA,"https://lens.org/164-718-799-800-236"
"14","12689178","4745","JOUR","Cardenas-Rojas, Dea and Mendoza, Edgar and Escudero, Mireille and Verduzco-Zapata, Manuel","2021","Assessment of the performance of an artificial reef made of modular elements through small scale experiments","full_search","9","2","130","Artificial reefs have proven to be an optimal and effective solution in stabilizing coastlines around the world. They are submerged structures that imitate the protection service provided by natural reefs accomplishing the functions of dissipating wave energy and protecting beach morphology, but also being an ecological solution. In this paper, 2D small-scale experiments were performed to analyze the hydrodynamic, morphological, and ecological behavior of an artificial reef constructed of modular elements. Two typical beach-dune profiles were constructed in a wave flume over which two locations of an artificial reef were tested. From these tests, transmission coefficients were obtained as well as the beach profile response to the presence of the artificial reef. These results are used to discuss about the hydrodynamic, morphological, and ecological performance of the artificial reef. The proposed artificial reef showed good morphological performance while its hydrodynamic function had limited success. In turn, the ecologic performance was theoretically addressed.","10.3390/jmse9020130","https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/2/130 and https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/jmse/jmse-09-00130/article_deploy/jmse-09-00130.pdf?version=1611817982"
"15","12688591","5189","JOUR","Goreau, Thomas J. F. and Paulus, Prong","2017","Biorock electric reefs grow back severely eroded beaches in months","full_search","5","4","48","Severely eroded beaches on low lying islands in Indonesia were grown back in a few months-believed to be a record-using an innovative method of shore protection, Biorock electric reef technology. Biorock shore protection reefs are growing limestone structures that get stronger with age and repair themselves, are cheaper than concrete or rock sea walls and breakwaters, and are much more effective at shore protection and beach growth. Biorock reefs are permeable, porous, growing, self-repairing structures of any size or shape, which dissipate wave energy by internal refraction, diffraction, and frictional dissipation. They do not cause reflection of waves like hard sea walls and breakwaters, which erodes the sand in front of, and then underneath, such structures, until they collapse. Biorock reefs stimulate settlement, growth, survival, and resistance to the environmental stress of all forms of marine life, restoring coral reefs, sea grasses, biological sand production, and fisheries habitat. Biorock reefs can grow back eroded beaches and islands faster than the rate of sea level rise, and are the most cost-effective method of shore protection and adaptation to global sea level rise for low lying islands and coasts.","https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse5040048","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/biorock-electric-reefs-grow-back-severely-eroded/docview/1988510489/se-2 and https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/jmse/jmse-05-00048/article_deploy/jmse-05-00048.pdf?version=1507733157"
"16","12688303","5380","JOUR","Perkol-Finkel, S. and Shashar, N. and Benayahu, Y.","2006","Can artificial reefs mimic natural reef communities? The roles of structural features and age","full_search","61","2","121-135","In light of the deteriorating state of coral reefs worldwide, the need to rehabilitate marine environments has greatly increased. Artificial reefs (ARs) have been suggested as a tool for reef conservation and rehabilitation. Although successions of AR communities have been thoroughly studied, current understanding of the interactions between artificial and natural reefs (NRs) is poor and a fundamental question still to be answered is that of whether AR communities can mimic adjacent NR communities. The authors suggest three alternative hypotheses: Neighbouring ARs and NRs will (1) achieve a similar community structure given sufficient time; (2) be similar only if they possess similar structural features; (3) always differ, regardless of age or structural features. The authors examined these hypotheses by comparing the community structure on a 119-year old shipwreck to a neighbouring NR. Fouling organisms, including stony and soft corals, sponges, tunicates, sea anemones and hydrozoans were recorded and measured along belt transects. The ahermatypic stony coral Tubastrea micrantha dominated vertical AR regions while the soft corals Nephthea sp. and Xenia sp. dominated both artificial and natural horizontal surfaces. The authors' results support the second hypothesis, indicating that even after a century an AR will mimic its adjacent NR communities only if it possesses structural features similar to those of the natural surroundings. However, if the two differ structurally, their communities will remain distinct.","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2005.08.001","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/can-artificial-reefs-mimic-natural-reef/docview/17160385/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141113605000590?via%3Dihub"
"17","12688296","11823","JOUR","Raymundo, L. J. and Maypa, A. P. and Gomez, E. D. and Cadiz, P.","2007","Can dynamite-blasted reefs recover? A novel, low-tech approach to stimulating natural recovery in fish and coral populations","full_search","54","7","1009-1019","Throughout Southeast Asia, blast fishing creates persistent rubble fields with low coral cover and depauperate fish communities. We stabilized a 20-year-old rubble field in a Marine Protected Area in the Philippines, using plastic mesh and rock piles in replicated 17.5 m(2) plots, thereby increasing topographic complexity, fish habitat, and recruitment substrate surface area. Multivariate analysis revealed fish community shifts within the rehabilitated area from that characteristic of rubble fields to one similar to the adjacent healthy reef within three years, as measured by changes in fish abundance and body size. Coral recruitment and percent cover increased over time, with 63.5% recruit survivorship within plots, compared with 6% on rubble. Our low-cost approach created a stable substrate favoring natural recovery processes. Both rehabilitation and the elimination of poaching were integral to success, emphasizing the synergism between the two and the need to incorporate both when considering mitigation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.02.006","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34447248754&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpolbul.2007.02.006&partnerID=40&md5=75917ce7f69fbb46b4f3b19fc40fe274 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X07000574?via%3Dihub"
"18","12688112","18380","JOUR","Cunning, Ross and Parker, Katherine E. and Johnson-Sapp, Kelsey and Karp, Richard F. and Wen, Alexandra D. and Williamson, Olivia M. and Bartels, Erich and D’Alessandro, Martine and Gilliam, David S. and Hanson, Grace and Levy, Jessica and Lirman, Diego and Maxwell, Kerry and Million, Wyatt C. and Moulding, Alison L. and Moura, Amelia and Muller, Erinn M. and Nedimyer, Ken and Reckenbeil, Brian and van Hooidonk, Ruben and Dahlgren, Craig P. and Kenkel, Carly D. and Parkinson, John Everett and Baker, Andrew C.","2021","Census of heat tolerance among Florida's threatened staghorn corals finds resilient individuals throughout existing nursery populations","full_search","288","1961","20211613","The rapid loss of reef-building corals owing to ocean warming is driving the development of interventions such as coral propagation and restoration, selective breeding and assisted gene flow. Many of these interventions target naturally heat-tolerant individuals to boost climate resilience, but the challenges of quickly and reliably quantifying heat tolerance and identifying thermotolerant individuals have hampered implementation. Here, we used coral bleaching automated stress systems to perform rapid, standardized heat tolerance assays on 229 colonies of Acropora cervicornis across six coral nurseries spanning Florida’s Coral Reef, USA. Analysis of heat stress dose–response curves for each colony revealed a broad range in thermal tolerance among individuals (approx. 2.5°C range in Fv/Fm ED50), with highly reproducible rankings across independent tests (r = 0.76). Most phenotypic variation occurred within nurseries rather than between them, pointing to a potentially dominant role of fixed genetic effects in setting thermal tolerance and widespread distribution of tolerant individuals throughout the population. The identification of tolerant individuals provides immediately actionable information to optimize nursery and restoration programmes for Florida’s threatened staghorn corals. This work further provides a blueprint for future efforts to identify and source thermally tolerant corals for conservation interventions worldwide.","10.1098/rspb.2021.1613","https://lens.org/104-845-283-948-163 and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8527199/pdf/rspb.2021.1613.pdf"
"19","12688105","4867","JOUR","Hill, Claudia E. L. and Lymperaki, Myrsini M. and Hoeksema, Bert W.","2021","A centuries-old manmade reef in the Caribbean does not substitute natural reefs in terms of species assemblages and interspecific competition","full_search","169",NA,"112576","With increasing maritime activities in the proximity of coral reefs, a growing number of manmade structures are becoming available for coral colonisation. Yet, little is known about the sessile community composition of such artificial reefs in comparison with that of natural coral reefs. Here, we compared the diversity of corals and their competitors for substrate space between a centuries-old manmade structure and the nearest natural reef at St. Eustatius, eastern Caribbean. The artificial reef had a significantly lower species richness and fewer competitive interactions than the natural reef. The artificial reef was dominated by a cover of crustose coralline algae and zoantharians, instead of turf algae and fire corals on the natural reef. Significant differences in species composition were also found between exposed and sheltered sites on both reefs. Our study indicates that even a centuries-old manmade reef cannot serve as a surrogate for natural reefs.","10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112576","https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025326X2100610X and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X2100610X?via%3Dihub"
"20","12688011","18948","THES","Hein, Margaux Y.","2018","Characterising the effectiveness of coral restoration to build reef resilience: a socio-ecological perspective","full_search",NA,NA,NA,"Coral restoration is rapidly becoming a mainstream strategic reef management response to address dramatic declines in coral cover worldwide. Restoration success can be defined as increased resilience of the restored reef areas leading to improved ecosystem services, with multiple socio-cultural and economic benefits. However, there is often a mismatch between the objectives of coral restoration programs and the measures used to assess their effectiveness. In particular, scales of ecological benefits currently assessed are limited in both time and space, and very few studies account for potential socio-cultural and economic benefits. The research presented in this thesis explores the effectiveness of current long-term restoration programs across the socio-ecological spectrum and provides best-practice recommendations on how coral restoration can be used to improve reef resilience. In Chapter 2, I review the literature to identify current measures of coral restoration success. I found that current measures of coral restoration effectiveness are largely limited to evaluating the short-term, biological responses of coral fragments to transplantation. Over 50% of current studies measure coral restoration success solely through two indicators: fragment survival and growth. Additionally, 53% of these studies monitor restoration outcomes for only one year post-transplantation at most; only 5% of studies monitored outcomes for longer than five years. To address the lack of measures assessing the success of restoration programs against key socio-ecological principles, I developed an integrated scale of coral restoration effectiveness based on ten indicators of reef and social resilience. These were: three ecological indicators linked to the structural integrity of reefs (benthic cover, structural complexity, and coral diversity); three ecological indicators linked to the functional integrity of reefs (coral recruitment, coral health, and fish biomass); and four socio-cultural and economic indicators of social resilience (satisfaction, stewardship, capacity building, and economic benefits). In Chapters 3 to 6, I test the efficacy of these indicators by evaluating the overall socio-ecological effectiveness of four well-established coral restoration programs in Thailand, the Maldives, the Florida Keys, and St Croix in the US Virgin Islands. All four programs have practiced coral restoration for eight to 12 years, but use different coral restoration methodologies, including a variety of artificial structures (Thailand), transplantation onto steel-frames (the Maldives), and direct transplantation onto the reef substrata (Florida Keys and Virgin Islands). The four programs are located in different reef regions, each with specific socio-economic settings, making them good case studies to evaluate the effectiveness of coral restoration. In Chapters 3 and 4, I explore the effect of restoration practices on the structural and functional integrity of reefs, both of which are integral to improving ecosystem services. At the four program locations, I compare coral assemblages (Chapter 3) and fish communities (Chapter 4) at restored sites with those at neighbouring degraded sites and at nearby control reference sites. I found that hard coral cover and structural complexity were consistently greater at restored compared to unrestored (degraded) sites. However, patterns in coral diversity, coral recruitment and coral health among restored, unrestored and reference sites varied across locations, highlighting differences in methodologies among restoration programs. Altogether, differences in program objectives, methodologies and the state of nearby coral communities were key drivers of variability in the responses of coral assemblages to restoration. It is a common assumption that coral restoration efforts will result in an increase in both the abundance and diversity of reef fishes, thereby improving ecosystem function and restoring some ecosystem services. However, very few studies have specifically looked at the response of the fish assemb age to coral restoration. Results presented in Chapter 4 demonstrate that the responses of fish assemblages are more complex than expected, with location-, site- and size-specific responses. Overall, I found that fish communities did not show overly strong and/or clear responses to the outcomes of any of the restoration programs. The results for the six ecological indicators varied across my four study locations, highlighting the varied potential for coral restoration to improve ecological resilience. I found positive results for structural indicators at all four locations, but indicators linked to functional integrity only improved in response to the Thailand program, particularly in response to steel structures and concrete reef balls that held a diversity of corals above the substratum. Comparisons among programs revealed that the limited diversity in the corals used in restoration was an issue for the ecological resilience of restored sites in the Maldives, and high disease susceptibility of monospecific stands of target species of Acropora was an issue in both the St Croix and Florida Keys programs. Factors likely to affect fish colonisation of restored sites, such as connectivity to healthy fish populations, timing of colonisation, and complexity and coral diversity at the restored sites, require further consideration. Understanding local stakeholders' perceptions of restoration success is critical to better integrate their needs in the planning, management and ultimately the long-term sustainability of restoration efforts. In Chapters 5 and 6, I evaluate the socio-cultural and economic indicators of restoration success by evaluating local stakeholders' perceptions of their respective restoration programs. In Chapter 5, I use semi-structured interviews to identify the perceived benefits and limitations of coral restoration efforts. Respondents were stratified across groups of people involved first-hand in the restoration efforts and members of the local community. Stakeholders' perceptions of coral restoration effectiveness encompassed far more than just ecological considerations, suggesting that coral restoration can be a powerful tool to enhance agency, hope and stewardship, thereby strengthening coral reef conservation strategies. Respondents also revealed key points likely to improve the outcomes of coral restoration efforts, such as the need to better embrace socio-cultural dimensions in goal setting, evaluate ecological outcomes more broadly, secure long-term funding and improve management and logistics of day-to-day practices. In Chapter 6, I use semi-structured interviews to assess local stakeholders' perceptions of the socio-cultural and economic outcomes of coral restoration across the four socio-cultural indicators developed in Chapter 2. I firstly examine the subjectivity and context dependencies of people's perceptions about program success. Results revealed complex perceptions that varied among locations and groups of respondents. Secondly, I compare their perceptions of ecological outcomes to the ecological results my underwater surveys revealed about the responses of coral and fish assemblages to restoration (Chapters 3 and 4). Altogether, stakeholders generally perceived that the outcomes of coral restoration are highly important across all four socio-cultural and economic indicators of social resilience. In particular, the importance of restoration for two metrics, reef stewardship and user satisfaction, were consistently rated as very high at all four locations, highlighting the strong potential for coral restoration to improve the resilience of local communities. Responses suggest that increased involvement of local communities and improved communications of objectives and results could maximise the successful delivery of socio-cultural and economic outcomes within the respective local communities. Finally, I integrate the physical and social results from this study to develop best-practice recommendations for the use of coral restoration as a management strategy to improve reef resilience acros the socio-ecological spectrum. Recommendations for maximising ecological components of resilience include designing restoration structures to maximise complexity and coral diversity, selecting sites to maximise biological connectivity and site qualities like water quality and depth. Recommendations for improving the socio-cultural benefits of restoration include increasing and sustaining engagement of local communities and key stakeholders, securing long-term funding, and providing strong leadership. This thesis demonstrates that the potential for coral restoration efforts to improve the socio-ecological resilience of degraded reef systems is high but complex, as potential can vary across restoration programs with different objectives, designs and management strategies. The ten indicators of coral restoration effectiveness synthesised and tested herein are practical tools for improving the long-term monitoring of such efforts. While climate action is needed first and foremost to address dramatic, climate-change driven declines in the world's coral reefs, results from this thesis demonstrate that coral restoration can be used as a valuable tool to improve the resilience of both coral reefs and the local communities that rely on them.","10.25903/5d51f7d25338e","https://lens.org/128-574-866-478-908"
"21","12687413","12423","JOUR","Perkol-Finkel, S. and Benayahu, Y.","2004","Community structure of stony and soft corals on vertical unplanned artificial reefs in Eilat (Red Sea): comparison to natural reefs","full_search","23","2","195-205","In many reef ecosystems, artificial reefs (AR) have become permanent additions to the area, sustaining well-developed benthic communities. Long-term studies on the development of AR coral communities are scarce, and comparisons with their natural surroundings are limited. The present study describes the stony and soft coral community structure of unplanned vertical AR in Eilat (Red Sea) that have progressed beyond the initial successional phases, and compares these to the adjacent natural reefs (NR). Coral communities were characterized using belt transects, conducted on 34- and 14-year-old unplanned AR, and on two proximate NR. Stony corals were the major component in the NR, while soft corals, mainly Nephtheidae, accounted for up to 90% of the total living coverage in the AR. This was attributed to physical and biological features associated with the AR's vertical orientation, which was absent in the NR, and to the life history traits of these soft corals. Community differences between the two AR were related to structural stability and age. The results suggest that AR may increase local heterogeneity and space availability by adding novel habitats, increasing production and elevating species diversity in the surroundings.","10.1007/s00338-004-0384-z","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00338-004-0384-z and https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00338-004-0384-z and https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00338-004-0384-z.pdf"
"22","12687400","7367","JOUR","Hernández-Delgado, Edwin A. and Mercado-Molina, Alex E. and Alejandro-Camis, Pedro J. and Candelas-Sánchez, Frances and Fonseca-Miranda, Jaime S. and González-Ramos, Carmen M. and Guzmán-Rodríguez, Roger and Mège, Pascal and Montañez-Acuña, Alfredo and Maldonado, Iván Olivo and Otaño-Cruz, Abimarie and Suleimán-Ramos, Samuel E.","2014","Community-based coral reef rehabilitation in a changing climate: Lessons learned from hurricanes, extreme rainfall, and changing land use impacts","full_search","4","14","918-944","Coral reefs have largely declined across multiple spatial scales due to a combination of local-scale anthropogenic impacts, and due to regional-global climate change. This has resulted in a significant loss of entire coral functional groups, including western Atlantic Staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis) biotopes, and in a net decline of coral reef ecosystem resilience, ecological functions, services and benefits. Low-tech coral farming has become one of the most important tools to help restore depleted coral reefs across the Wider Caribbean Region. We tested a community-based, low-tech coral farming approach in Culebra Island, Puerto Rico, aimed at adapting to climate change-related impacts through a two-year project to propagate A. cervicornis under two contrasting fishing management conditions, in coastal areas experimenting significant land use changes. Extreme rainfall events and recurrent tropical storms and hurricanes had major site-and method-specific impacts on project outcome, particularly in areas adjacent to deforested lands and subjected to recurrent impacts from land-based source pollution (LBSP) and runoff. Overall, coral survival rate in “A frame” units improved from 73% during 2011-2012 to 81% during 2012-2013. Coral survival rate improved to 97% in horizontal line nurseries (HLN) incorporated during 2012-2013. Percent tissue cover ranged from 86% to 91% in “A frames”, but reached 98% in HLN. Mean coral skeletal extension was 27 cm/y in “A frames” and 40 cm/y in HLN. These growth rates were up to 545% to 857% faster than previous reports from coral farms from other parts of the Caribbean, and up to 438% faster than wild colonies. Branch production and branchiness index (no. harvestable branches > 6 cm) increased by several orders of magnitude in comparison to the original colonies at the beginning of the project. Coral mortality was associated to hurricane physical impacts and sediment-laden runoff impacts associated to extreme rainfall and deforestation of adjacent lands. This raises a challenging question regarding the impact of chronic high sea surface temperature (SST), in combination with recurrent high nutrient pulses, in fostering increased coral growth at the expense of coral physiological conditions which may compromise corals resistance to disturbance. Achieving successful local management of reefs and adjacent lands is vital to maintain the sustained net production in coral farms and of reef structure, and the provision of the important ecosystem services that they provide. These measures are vital for buying time for reefs while global action on climate change is implemented. Adaptive community-based strategies are critical to strengthen institutional management efforts. But government agencies need to transparently build local trust, empower local stakeholders, and foster co-management to be fully successful. Failing to achieve that could make community-based coral reef rehabilitation more challenging, and could potentially drive rapidly declining, transient coral reefs into the slippery slope to slime.","10.4236/oje.2014.414077","https://lens.org/021-676-864-407-169 and https://www.scirp.org/pdf/OJE_2014102811431713.pdf"
"23","12687392","16940","JOUR","Knoester, E. G. and Rienstra, J. J. and Schürmann, Q. J. F. and Wolma, A. E. and Murk, A. J. and Osinga, R.","2023","Community-managed coral reef restoration in southern Kenya initiates reef recovery using various artificial reef designs","full_search","10",NA,"1152106","Monitoring of reef restoration efforts and artificial reefs (ARs) has typically been limited to coral fragment survival, hampering evaluation of broader objectives such as ecosystem recovery. This study aimed to determine to what extent AR design influences the ecological recovery of restored reefs by monitoring outplanted coral fragments, benthic cover, coral recruitment and fish and invertebrate communities for two years. Four AR designs (16 m2), unrestored controls and natural reef patches as reference (n = 10) were established in Mkwiro, Kenya. ARs consisted either of concrete disks with bottles, layered concrete disks, metal cages or a combination thereof. A mixture of 18 branching coral species (mainly Acropora spp.) was outplanted on ARs at a density of 7 corals m-2. After two years, 60% of all outplanted fragments had survived, already resulting in coral cover on most ARs comparable (though Acropora-dominated) to reference patches. Coral survival differed between ARs, with highest survival on cages due to the absence of crown-of-thorns sea star predation on this design. In total, 32 coral genera recruited on ARs and recruit densities were highest on reference patches, moderate on concrete ARs and low on cages. ARs and reference patches featured nearly twice the fish species richness and around an order of magnitude higher fish abundance and biomass compared to control patches. Fish abundance and biomass strongly correlated with coral cover on ARs. AR, reference and control patches all had distinct fish species compositions, but AR and reference patches were similar in terms of trophic structure of their fish communities. Motile invertebrates including gastropods, sea urchins, sea cucumbers and sea stars were present at ARs, but generally more abundant and diverse at natural reference patches. Taken together, all studied ecological parameters progressed towards reef ecosystem recovery, with varying influences of AR design and material. We recommend a combination of metal cages and layered concrete ARs to promote high fragment survival as well as natural coral recruitment. Ultimately, a longer period of monitoring is needed to fully determine the effectiveness reef restoration as conservation tool to support coral reef ecosystem recovery.","10.3389/fmars.2023.1152106","https://lens.org/058-934-387-301-960"
"24","12687323","4901","JOUR","Dehnert, Inga and Saponari, Luca and Galli, Paolo and Montano, Simone","2022","Comparing different farming habitats for mid-water rope nurseries to advance coral restoration efforts in the Maldives","full_search","10",NA,"e12874","The need for comprehensive and effective coral restoration projects, as part of a broader conservation management strategy, is accelerating in the face of coral reef ecosystem decline. This study aims to expand the currently limited knowledge base for restoration techniques in the Maldives by testing the performance of mid-water rope nurseries in a lagoon and a reef habitat. We examined whether different coral farming habitats impacted fragment survival, health and growth of two coral genera and how the occurrence of mutualistic fauna, predation and disease influenced coral rearing success. Two nurseries were stocked with a total of 448 Pocillopora verrucosa and 96 Acropora spp. fragments, divided into different groups (four Pocillopora groups: lagoon nursery at 5 m; reef nursery at 5, 10 and 15 m; two Acropora groups: lagoon nursery at 5 m and reef nursery at 5 m). Eight fragment replicates from the same donor colony ( Pocillopora genets: N = 14, Acropora genets N = 6) were used in each group and monitored for one year. Our results show that fragment survival was high in both farming habitats (>90%), with P. verrucosa surviving significantly better in the lagoon and Acropora spp. surviving and growing significantly faster in the reef nursery. P. verrucosa growth rates were similar between reef and lagoon habitat. Different rearing depths in the reef nursery had no impact on the survival of P. verrucosa but coral growth decreased considerably with depth, reducing fragments’ ecological volume augmentation and growth rates by almost half from 5 to 15 m depth. Further, higher fish predation rates on fragments were recorded on the reef, which did not impact overall nursery performance. Mutualistic fauna, which correlated positively with fragment survival, was more frequently observed in the lagoon nursery. The occurrence of disease was noted in both habitats, even though implications for fragment health were more severe in the lagoon. Overall, our study demonstrates that lagoon and reef nurseries are suitable for rearing large numbers of coral fragments for transplantation. Nevertheless, we recommend considering the specific environmental conditions of the farming habitat, in particular water quality and year-round accessibility, in each case and to adjust the coral farming strategy accordingly. We hope that this novel research encourages the increased application of mid-water rope nurseries for ‘coral gardening’ to advance coral reef recovery and climate resilience in the Maldives.","10.7717/peerj.12874","https://peerj.com/articles/12874 and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8882334/pdf/peerj-10-12874.pdf"
"25","12687275","4101","JOUR","Abelson, A. and Shlesinger, Y.","2002","Comparison of the development of coral and fish communities on rock-aggregated artificial reefs in Eilat, Red Sea","full_search","59",NA,"S122-S126","Despite potential advantages of artificial reefs in areas where natural coral reefs have degraded, relatively little research has been undertaken in Eilat to improve our understanding of the major factors governing the development of reef biota. We report on the first study in a series aimed at increasing our knowledge of the effects of morphology, substrate type, and location on the succession of reef organisms. The development of stony corals and fish communities associated with two types of constructions was examined, which were both made of aggregates of limestone rocks: one randomly aggregated (RA) reef comprising relatively small rocks and an orderly aggregated (OA) reef composed of relatively big rocks. Communities were censused every 4-6 months for more than 4 years, with a final coral census being taken after 100 months. The OA reef attracted significantly more fish species and a higher number of individuals than the RA reef, and reached its carrying capacity faster (30 months versus 50 months). In contrast, number of reef-building corals on the RA reef was significantly higher (in terms of both species and colonies) than on the OA reef, and the plateau was not even reached after 100 months. We conclude that in the Gulf of Aqaba, (1) for recreational purposes, small reefs (of a few cubic metres) may serve as attractive sites because they support relatively rich fish communities, (2) larger rocks, larger interstices and larger reef size induce higher species richness and greater numbers of fish, and (3) structural complexity, as measured by fractal dimension, is an important factor for the development of reef-building corals. (C) 2002 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","10.1006/jmsc.2002.1210","https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article-abstract/59/suppl/S122/617902 and https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article-pdf/59/suppl/S122/6756585/59-suppl-S122.pdf and https://watermark.silverchair.com/59-suppl-S122.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAA3gwggN0BgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggNlMIIDYQIBADCCA1oGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMl0FM-pK0OsCx7q6TAgEQgIIDKxTvKcydnytSxHmeMBbhKx5dy1ISZpBbNToWwzCamv7bGMb-o6kjGnwmhTmmg6JSPqpEgqtV5Z8L_eRU9fZ0H1e8MiKz6XpVXxtnoCX40oIOH03ix0xeMOaE75oV1Qek18yy43hMJqricKnpEorZMEDwfuZIMILIFITXAB0d2MWQJwgDDnnQnbe1ILgd0R0X9lUz-QWLi5x9JzKKWKjyvdf20aEUcBDeCpcveKpjRHca0BgfqBJhyFiZSPm8EQ5Tba8fKLbPFSVxHuCrArR3-BTGoMWGkLQLyhLRCZHBRYBuYZlbgcH44rgJ3jIIl3Czc_MZTDFIGzChDxJlg6h8qzUyIcaaFgoEr8a3Vpp0wyelpprmD7jV_49s4DvyMnbDwRroerNhbAaGEPeZvUrDOSgs2M-vfQLKqF_dX9nMMcmmiPJeOCULvVyajHKbKgEaIo10C_QUUHaieyhYgrSa785WT-_Cm_FoC83uKcY9bODQfA4MzbAVoJNo_c7dzcXsxkTK18hNGvkuZLQAmRj40SP7Y7e5MFh7GCVLES337S9GXLbvia-CyHMhw-XE8qti8OPuBD8OBfRNGHRd85xWttqHVO3n0767B-EnjIUTPQRqEipvKGVz6WEpmR3_FUgWYOfIV0FFYXpYIhDZm0p_FzVVzYM8smsphYcjD_-8nl7JKnEwf4t2ZBaNO10zQj2UYm8Yhre8WqtYTYLh_jj3SLYNQXugKlBusdpSLC4gqhEyW9ONnCrQ5d523nwKNHOk-_aeyjDKzVU7cZngCBdiYN9k0FRNZVCI6An-7jL6H0abDTo7w5AyVxWmj5iFOsQgaZTdHsOVNHRKE_I61HnZ-h8BukR2wGvYxaXfamurC0uEu4hdvOTLzDeh_t-9P35-o-I0zmWyJwg8j35aCPJYpYgVmMkZ3m-7KHc4OhcQvkoTFEIEX_iZvsYt6LL-jyM-7ryEIwwwLa-e25rb83mFLKQl9GEnoo31qSpTFpdH1tdwxdU0xwZl2qcwFptDyuy0yfHPIcYDpuUf6FJS1jqGRxE-XuOs7N3cBZtLZ-VsrzY1QFQ-l5kbzFNwWTg"
"26","12687223","15962","JOUR","Levenstein, Mark A. and Marhaver, Kristen L. and Quinlan, Zachary A. and Tholen, Haley M. and Tichy, Lucas and Yus, Joaquín and Lightcap, Ian and Wegley Kelly, Linda and Juarez, Gabriel and Vermeij, Mark J. A. and Wagoner Johnson, Amy J.","2022","Composite substrates reveal inorganic material cues for coral larval settlement","full_search","10","12","3960-3971","The widespread loss of stony reef-building coral populations has been compounded by the low settlement and survival of coral juveniles. To rebuild coral communities, restoration practitioners have developed workflows to settle vulnerable coral larvae in the laboratory and outplant settled juveniles back to natural and artificial reefs. These workflows often make use of natural biochemical settlement cues, which are presented to swimming larvae to induce settlement. This paper establishes the potential for inorganic cues to complement these known biochemical effects. Settlement substrates were fabricated from calcium carbonate, a material present naturally on reefs, and modified with additives including sands, glasses, and alkaline earth carbonates. Experiments with larvae of two Caribbean coral species revealed additive-specific settlement preferences that were independent of bulk surface properties such as mean roughness and wettability. Instead, analyses of the substrates suggest that settling coral larvae can detect localized topographical features more than an order of magnitude smaller than their body width and can sense and positively respond to soluble inorganic minerals such as silica (SiO2) and strontianite (SrCO3). These findings open a new area of research in coral reef restoration, in which composite substrates can be designed with a combination of natural organic and inorganic additives to increase larval settlement and perhaps also improve post-settlement growth, mineralization, and defense.","10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c08313","https://lens.org/048-443-875-437-42X"
"27","12687207","18778","JOUR","Fadli, Nur and Muchlisin, Zainal A. and Pratama, F. O. and Mustari, T. R. and Dewiyanti, Irma and Purnawan, Syahrul and El-Rahimi, Sayyid Afdhal and Sofyan, Hizir and Affan, Muzailin and Siti-Azizah, M. N.","2019","The composition of coral reefs in Ulee Lheue breakwater, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia","full_search","348","1","12077","The present study was aimed to catalog the coral reefs that are found in Ulee Lheue breakwater, and providing a baseline data that will be valuable in Aceh marine conservation plan in the future. The research was conducted from February to October 2015. The station of observations was designed by systematic sampling. The sampling stations were located on the outer side and inner side the breakwater with a station spacing of 250 m. Furthermore, 50 m roll meter was used in each station as the reference to laying squares transects (size 100 × 100 cm) for coral reefs observation. Then, the square transects placed on 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 m. The results showed the reef at the outer breakwater consists of 11 coral genus of 244 colonies. While on the inner side of the breakwater, eightgenera of 46 colonies were observed. Acropora and Pocillopora were the most common genus on the outer side of the breakwater, while Chypastrea and Porites were the most common on the inner side. 0-5 cm coral colony size was the most common size found on both sides of the breakwater. This result showed that the construction of artificial structures on the coast is not only important in the development of a city but also important for marine biology and ecology study.","10.1088/1755-1315/348/1/012077","https://lens.org/120-882-032-380-190"
"28","12686966","2066","JOUR","Monchanin, Coline and Mehrotra, Rahul and Haskin, Elouise and Scott, Chad M. and Plaza, Pau Urgell and Allchurch, Alyssa and Arnold, Spencer and Magson, Kirsty and Hoeksema, Bert W.","2021","Contrasting coral community structures between natural and artificial substrates at Koh Tao, Gulf of Thailand","full_search","172",NA,"105505-105505","Concrete cubic frames and decommissioned steel naval vessels have been deployed in Thailand liberally to act as artificial substrates for coral restoration and marine recreation. We assessed recruitment at such substrate types at Koh Tao, Gulf of Thailand, and compared the community structure of scleractinian corals between artificial substrates and nearby natural reefs. Our results from a sample of 2677 recruits from nine sites highlighted significant differences in community structure between both reef types. Investigations of variables including time since deployment, distance from the natural reef, and seafloor depth revealed only the latter as a possible influencing factor. The diversity of recruits could not be explained by dynamics in coral spawning, and were found to represent groups with lower structural complexity. Our results suggest that coral community structure on artificial and natural reefs differs and supports distinct ecological and functional roles.","10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105505","https://lens.org/005-347-409-547-55X and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141113621002610?via%3Dihub"
"29","12686885","10731","CHAP","Schmahl, G. P. and Deis, D. R. and Shutler, S. K.","2006","Cooperative natural resource damage assessment and coral reef restoration at the Container Ship Houston grounding in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary","full_search",NA,NA,"235-256","On the night of February 2, 1997, the 600-ft (183-m) container ship Contship Houston ran aground on the Florida Keys reef tract between Maryland and American Shoals (near 24° 30.59' N, 81° 34.28' W), resulting in serious natural resource injury in water depths ranging from 18 to 35 ft (5.5 to 11 m). The grounding site is located approximately 13 miles east southeast of Key West (Figure 13.1) and lies within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), a marine protected area administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and managed in cooperation with the State of Florida. The Contship Houston, owned by Transportacion Maritima Mexican S.A. de C.V. and registered in Liberia, was en route from New Orleans, Louisiana to Valencia, Spain, carrying over 1400 containers of general cargo (Figure 13.2). The event was reported to the U.S. Coast Guard at 5:30 A.M. on February 3,1997. The submerged habitat in the area is characterized as a low profile “spur and groove” reef formation with associated hard-bottom habitats. The hard substrate is considered relict or “drowned” coral reef, colonized by hard and soft corals, sponges, and a variety of other benthic species. © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",NA,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60749119343&partnerID=40&md5=005362c99ba07f7dbceba13f4cd88541"
"30","12686876","2299","JOUR","Trench, Camilo and Small, Hugh and Morrison, Lydia and Webber, Dale F. and Webber, Mona K.","2014","Coral and algal community primary succession on new vertical substrate at Rackham’s Cay, Port Royal, Jamaica","full_search","62","3","107-114","Jamaica's trans-shipment industry is amongst the largest in the Caribbean with 90% of trans-shipment activities occurring in Kingston Harbour. The eastern ship channel is populated with patch and fringing coral reefs. In 2002, approximately 20% of an originally sloping face of Rackham's Cay, on the southern edge of the channel, was cut vertically to 18m and dredged to widen the channel. The successional changes on the newly created vertical limestone wall was assessed between 2009 and 2012 at 5m, 10m and 15m depths using bi-annual photographs of fixed 1 m 2 quadrats. Photographs were analyzed using Coral Point Count. No colonization of either algal or coralline species was observed at 15m. Initially calcareous and fleshy algae dominated at 5m but showed a gradual decrease over time. Calcareous algae dominated at 10m and increaseed gradually over the 4 years. Stony corals at both 5m and 10m had overall low cover and slow colonization; the shallower depth had more coverage (4.1% maximum in 2011). Siderastrea sidera -which dominated Rackham's Cay before dredging- was consistently present in low coverage. Colonization by species of Acropora and Scolymia indicate slower but better succession at 10m. Ten years following dredging activities, colonization and recruitment have been slow but successful at 5m and 10m; species previously described as abundant lead the colonization. We recommend limiting coral relocation activities to depths not exceeding 10m. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 3): 107-114. Epub 2014 September 01.","10.15517/rbt.v62i0.15906","https://lens.org/006-335-819-786-64X and https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/download/15906/15259"
"31","12686848","12422","JOUR","Edwards, A. J. and Clark, S. and Zahir, H. and Rajasuriya, A. and Naseer, A. and Rubens, J.","2001","Coral bleaching and mortality on artificial and natural reefs in Maldives in 1998, sea surface temperature anomalies and initial recovery","full_search","42","1","7-15","The bleaching and subsequent mortality of branching and massive corals on artificial and natural reefs in the central atolls of Maldives in 1998 are examined with respect to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, SST normally peaks in April-May in Maldives. The UK Meteorological Office's Global sea-Ice and SST data set version 2.3b shows that in 1998 monthly mean SST was 1.2-4 S.D. above the 1950-1999 average during the warmest months (March-June), with the greatest anomaly in May of +2.1 degreesC. Bleaching was first reported in mid-April and was severe from late April to mid-May with some recovery evident by late-Mag. At least 98% of branching corals (Acroporidae, Pocilloporidae) on artificial structures deployed on a reef flat in 1990 died whereas the majority of massive corals (Poritidae, Faviidae, Agariciidae) survived the bleaching, The pre-bleaching coral community on the artificial reefs in 1994 was 95% branching corals and 5% massives (n = 1589); the post-bleaching community mas 3% branching corals and 97% massives (n = 248), Significant reductions in live coral cover were seen at all natural reefs surveyed in the central atolls, with average Live coral cover decreasing from about 42% to 2%, a 20-fold reduction from pre-bleaching levels. A survey of recruitment of juvenile corals to the artificial structures 10 months after the bleaching event showed that 67% of recruits (greater than or equal to0.5 cm diameter) were acroporids and pocilloporids and 33% were from massive families (n = 202) compared to 94% and 6%, respectively, in 1990-1994 (n = 3136), Similar post-bleaching dominance of recruitment by branching corals was seen on nearby natural reef (78% acroporids and pocilloporids; 22% massives), A Linear regression of April mean monthly SST against year was highly significant (p < 0.001) and suggests a rise of 0.16C per decade, If this trend continues, by 2030 mean April SST in the central atolls mill normally exceed the anomaly level at which corals appear there are susceptible to mass bleaching, (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00200-9","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1044016000 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X00002009?via%3Dihub"
"32","12686829","11795","JOUR","Golomb, D. and Shashar, N. and Rinkevich, B.","2020","Coral carpets- a novel ecological engineering tool aimed at constructing coral communities on soft sand bottoms","full_search","145",NA,"1","Hard bottom substrates that are the hallmark property of the coral reefs can be expanded by transforming sedimentary areas into engineered reefs. Testing this rationale, we developed here two preset coral-carpet prototypes ('coral sods'; 6 units, each 7.5 m(2)), one containing branching species and one with both coral forms (mixed-units) that were transplanted on a soft bottom area, containing 10 coral species (five branching, five massive; 354 ramets from 30 genotypes and 181 whole-colonies). Ramets from branching genotypes were distributed in central and peripheral coral-sod locations, whereas all massive colonies were put in central locations. The 'coral sod' carpets were set-up at the Eilat, Red Sea nursery, held in place for 2-8 months, then transplanted into a highly hostile soft-bottom area (15 m depth) and monitored for up to 17 months. Results revealed high survival rates for corals in the peripheral/center positions (80-100%; most combinations). A fast increase in ecological volume (EV) was recorded during 447 residency days, up to 112% in EV for Acropora variabilis mixedunits in the peripheral position. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments and sod's locations, except for the Pocillopora. damicornis branching/mixed treatment. At day 514, corals' aerial coverage has increased from 50% at onset to 67.3% for the branching units and to 61.5% in the mixed-units. Larvae released from transplanted Stylophora pistillata corals outperformed those of natal colonies in the two following reproductive seasons, significantly higher in the first reproductive season when compared to the second. Coral recruitment (day 485) was up to 4 times higher in the centers compared to the peripheries, in both coral-sod types. Using gypsum sticks dissipation, we recorded reduced water velocities at lateral and uppermost colonial architectures and in the coral sod centers as compared to peripheries. These results reveal the first steps for improved 'coral sod' units aiming to shape sandy tropical areas into flourishing coral reef sites.","10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105743","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/coral-carpets-novel-ecological-engineering-tool/docview/2441577078/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857420300318?via%3Dihub"
"33","12686825","643","JOUR","Blakeway, David and Byers, Michael and Stoddart, James and Rossendell, Jason","2013","Coral colonisation of an artificial reef in a turbid nearshore environment, Dampier Harbour, Western Australia","full_search","8","9","e75281","A 0.6 hectare artificial reef of local rock and recycled concrete sleepers was constructed in December 2006 at Parker Point in the industrial port of Dampier, western Australia, with the aim of providing an environmental offset for a nearshore coral community lost to land reclamation. Corals successfully colonised the artificial reef, despite the relatively harsh environmental conditions at the site (annual water temperature range 18-32°C, intermittent high turbidity, frequent cyclones, frequent nearby ship movements). Coral settlement to the artificial reef was examined by terracotta tile deployments, and later stages of coral community development were examined by in-situ visual surveys within fixed 25 x 25 cm quadrats on the rock and concrete substrates. Mean coral density on the tiles varied from 113 ± 17 SE to 909 ± 85 SE per m(2) over five deployments, whereas mean coral density in the quadrats was only 6.0 ± 1.0 SE per m(2) at eight months post construction, increasing to 24.0 ± 2.1 SE per m(2) at 62 months post construction. Coral taxa colonising the artificial reef were a subset of those on the surrounding natural reef, but occurred in different proportions--Pseudosiderastrea tayami, Mycedium elephantotus and Leptastrea purpurea being disproportionately abundant on the artificial reef. Coral cover increased rapidly in the later stages of the study, reaching 2.3 ± 0.7 SE % at 62 months post construction. This study indicates that simple materials of opportunity can provide a suitable substrate for coral recruitment in Dampier Harbour, and that natural colonisation at the study site remains sufficient to initiate a coral community on artificial substrate despite ongoing natural and anthropogenic perturbations.","10.1371/journal.pone.0075281","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1010527431 and https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0075281&type=printable"
"34","12686824","2153","JOUR","Kotb, Mohammed","2013","Coral colonization and fish assemblage on an artificial reef off Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt","full_search","17","4","71-81","Artificial reefs were deployed as underwater scenery for recreational purposeand monitored for fishes and corals colonization during 2001, 2005 and 2010. Thediversity of the newly coral colonies showed a clear trend of increase over years. Thenumber of newly settled coral colonies increased significantly from 1897 in year 2005to 2040 colonies in year 2010. The fish abundance in the area of the artificial reefincreased from 120 in year 2001 to 17403 individuals in year 2010. The fish diversityincreased from 14 to 112 species between years 2001 and 2010. The successfulcolonization of corals and fishes on the artificial reefs supports the approach ofinstalling artificial reefs to be an effective rehabilitation and conservation method toreduce the potential impact of recreational activities on the Egyptian natural reefs.","10.21608/ejabf.2013.2187","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1103982111 and https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2187_aab2985198d15aba68a64c1bb34137da.pdf"
"35","12686813","777","JOUR","Ng, Chin Soon Lionel and Chan, Yong Kit Samuel and Nguyen, Nhung Thi Hong and Kikuzawa, Yuichi Preslie and Sam, Shu Qin and Toh, Tai Chong and Mock, Aidan Yong Jie and Chou, Loke Ming and Huang, Danwei","2021","Coral community composition and carbonate production in an urbanized seascape","full_search","168",NA,"105322","Coastal urbanization causes environmental modifications that directly and indirectly influence the distribution and functioning of coral reefs. However, the capacity of urban infrastructure to support corals and vertically accrete is less understood. Here, we investigated if coral communities on reefs and seawalls in Singapore are distinct, and examined the environmental variables influencing coral carbonate production. Surveys at 22 sites yielded 134 coral species, with richness significantly higher on reefs. Coral cover and Shannon index did not differ between habitat types. Community composition was distinct between habitat types, with seawalls supporting a higher proportion of massive and thick-plating species. 'Distance from mainland' was the single most important variable influencing normalized carbonate production rates (a function of species-specific linear extension rate and skeletal bulk density and site coral cover), which were higher further from the mainland where human activity and development pressures were greater. Our results indicate that environmental filtering strongly shapes coral communities and may influence ecosystem functioning in Singapore's urbanized reef system. The findings will guide the management of reefs on increasingly urbanized coastlines.","10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105322","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1136815793 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141113621000787?via%3Dihub"
"36","12686785","15299","JOUR","Ngai, N. D. and Cu, N. D. and Tuyet, D. A.","2013","Coral degradation and ability of rehabilitation of coral reefs in Co To Archipelago, Quang Ninh province, Vietnam","full_search","96",NA,"50-55","Serious degradation of coral reefs in the Co To Archipelago occurred from 2002 to 2006. Nearly 80% of the species and over 90% of living coral cover were lost and some reefs were completely dead. Currently, the highest coral cover is only 7.5% where previously most of the reefs had over 50% live coral cover. The cause of the reef degradation has been identified to be residues of cyanide used by local fishermen for fishing on reefs. To overcome the consequences transplantation corals on natural and artificial shelters were attempted. Survival rate on artificial shelters was 88.3% after 2 years and growth rate averaged 2.3 cm/year. Transplanted corals on natural shelters had lower survival rate, 55.9%. The natural recovery of coral on degraded reefs was also monitored periodically in this study. No coral recruitment was seen on completely dead reefs whereas there was little new coral recruitment on reefs with some remaining live corals. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.04.017","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84887119270&doi=10.1016%2fj.dsr2.2013.04.017&partnerID=40&md5=5920a3ec598cb6862e15d5dbf28120b3 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064513001562?via%3Dihub"
"37","12686752","17312","JOUR","Cummings, Katherine E. and Zuke, Anna and De Stasio, Bart T. and Krumholz, Jason","2015","Coral growth assessment on an established artificial reef in Antigua","full_search","33","1","90-95","Anthropogenic pressure on coral reef ecosystems has increased the need for effective restoration and rehabilitation as a management tool. However, quantifying the success of restoration projects can be difficult, and adequate monitoring data are scarce. This study compared growth rates over a six-year period of three Caribbean coral species, staghorn coral ( Acropora cervicornis ), elkhorn coral ( Acropora palmata ), and thick finger coral ( Porites porites ), transplanted on an artificial reef off Maiden Island, Antigua, to literature values for the same species growing on naturally formed reefs in the Caribbean region. The average growth rate of staghorn coral was considerably lower than growth rates reported in the literature, while elkhorn and finger corals showed growth rates similar to literature values. The observed inter- and intraspecific differences may be caused by species-specific growth requirements and/or restoration site conditions, factors that should be taken into account when planning future projects involving coral transplant or rescue. This study also determined the analytical precision of a ‘low tech’ monitoring method using a basic underwater digital camera and the software program ImageJ to measure growth rates of corals. Measurement error between volunteer analysts receiving only minimal training was shown to be very small, ranging from 0.37–1.40% depending on the coral species. This confirms the validity of this basic technique, particularly in cases where data are sparse and resources for monitoring are extremely limited.","10.3368/er.33.1.90","https://lens.org/070-125-058-786-72X and https://er.uwpress.org/content/33/1/90"
"38","12686745","5138","JOUR","Howlett, Lorna and Camp, Emma F. and Edmondson, John and Henderson, Nicola and Suggett, David J.","2021","Coral growth, survivorship and return-on-effort within nurseries at high-value sites on the Great Barrier Reef","full_search","16","1","e0244961","Coral reefs are deteriorating worldwide prompting reef managers and stakeholders to increasingly explore new management tools. Following back-to-back bleaching in 2016/ 2017, multi-taxa coral nurseries were established in 2018 for the first time on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) to aid reef maintenance and restoration at a “high-value” location–Opal Reef–frequented by the tourism industry. Various coral species (n = 11) were propagated within shallow water (ca. 4-7m) platforms installed across two sites characterised by differing environmental exposure–one adjacent to a deep-water channel (Blue Lagoon) and one that was relatively sheltered (RayBan). Growth rates of coral fragments placed onto nurseries were highly variable across taxa but generally higher at Blue Lagoon (2.1–10.8 cm2 month-1 over 12 months) compared to RayBan (0.6–6.6 cm2 month-1 over 9 months). Growth at Blue Lagoon was largely independent of season, except for Acropora tenuis and Acropora hyacinthus, where growth rates were 15–20% higher for December 2018-July 2019 (“warm season”) compared to August-December 2018 (“cool season”). Survivorship across all 2,536 nursery fragments was ca. 80–100%, with some species exhibiting higher survivorship at Blue Lagoon (Acropora loripes, Porites cylindrica) and others at RayBan (A. hyacinthus, Montipora hispida). Parallel measurements of growth and survivorship were used to determine relative return-on-effort (RRE) scores as an integrated metric of “success” accounting for life history trade-offs, complementing the mutually exclusive assessment of growth or survivorship. RRE scores within sites (across species) were largely driven by growth, whereas RRE scores between sites were largely driven by survivorship. The initial nursery phase of coral propagation therefore appears useful to supplement coral material naturally available for stewardship of frequently visited Great Barrier Reef tourism (highvalue) sites, but further assessment is needed to evaluate how well the growth rates and survival for nursery grown corals translate once material is outplanted.","https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244961","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/coral-growth-survivorship-return-on-effort-within/docview/2476828951/se-2 and https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0244961&type=printable"
"39","12686699","14133","JOUR","Nithyanandan, M. and Le Vay, L. and Raja, D. K. and Kesavan, R. and Pereira, D.","2018","Coral nursery and transplantation of the staghorn coral, Acropora downingi in Sabah Al-Ahmad Sea City, Kuwait, Arabian Gulf","full_search","4","1","1480334","The present work describes the first attempt at cultivating corals in the northern Arabian Gulf where seawater temperature ranges from 13 to 33 degrees C and salinity exceeds 40 psu, exceeding normal lethal limits for coral survival. Despite the environmental extremes, natural recruitment of corals occurred in Sabah Al-Ahmad Sea City water ways during 2009, this encouraged an attempt to create an in situ coral nursery and establish a coral garden. A mid-water suspended coral PVC nursery (3 m(2)) was installed at 3.5 m depth for rearing staghorn coral, Acropora downingi for transplantation into artificial lagoons in Sabah Al-Ahmad Sea City. Fragments of Acropora downingi colonies damaged by boat anchoring were collected (n = 240) from patch reefs at Min Al Zour and Qit At Binaya, Kuwait. Coral nubbins obtained from fragments were glued individually to discs made of powdered Electric Arc Furnace Slag (EAF Slag) and marine grade cement. Nubbins showed up to 56% survival and a mean skeletal extension of 10.6-13.4 mm (SD +/- 0.8) in 10 months. The nursery served as an artificial reef ecosystem. Transplantation of 116 Acropora downingi colonies was carried out (in June 2014 and June 2015) and monitored colonies (n = 6) attained an average geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 73.6 mm (SD +/- 2.91) in one year. The first batch of A. downingi transplants (June 2014) showed a survival rate of 43% but the second batch (June 2015) showed 89.5% survival. Temperature induced mortality, detachment rate reduced after using marine grade cement and additive mixture instead of epoxy.","10.1080/23311843.2018.1480334","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1104237795 and https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23311843.2018.1480334"
"40","12686697","4202","CONF","Monty, J. A. and Gilliam, D. S. and Banks, K. and Stout, D. K. and Dodge, R. E.","2006","Coral of opportunity survivorship and the use of coral nurseries in coral reef restoration","full_search",NA,NA,NA,"Coral reef damage is unfortunately becoming a common occurrence off southeast Florida, U.S.A. Reattachment of the dislodged scleractinian corals usually initiates damage site restoration. Because mortality of dislodged colonies is typically high and natural recovery in southeast Florida is typically slow, transplantation of additional scleractinian corals into a damaged area has been used to accelerate reef recovery. Donor colonies available for transplantation have been grown in situ, grown in laboratories, and taken from nondamaged reef areas. An alternative source of donor colonies for transplantation into damaged sites is “corals of opportunity,” which we define as scleractinian corals that have been detached from the reef through natural processes or unknown events. This paper describes a project, initiated in 2001 in Broward County, Florida, that was developed to collect these dislodged colonies and transplant them to a coral nursery. Coral nurseries are interim locations that function as storage sites for corals of opportunity where they can be cached, stabilized, and allowed to grow, until needed as donor colonies for future restoration activities. This project is a partnership between a local university, county government, and a volunteer dive group. Two hundred and fifty corals of opportunity were collected, transplanted to the coral nurseries, and monitored for survival. Transplanted colony survival was similar to that of naturally attached control colonies and significantly greater than that of corals of opportunity left unattached. Results provide resource managers with information on the utility of using corals of opportunity as a source of transplant donor colonies, and the value of using coral nurseries to create a reserve of corals of opportunity for use in future coral reef restoration activities.",NA,"https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_facpresentations/31/ and https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=occ_facpresentations/"
"41","12686670","7010","JOUR","Munasik, Munasik and Sabdono, Agus and Hutapea, Eunike Dorothea and Sugiyanto, Sugiyanto and Sugianto, Denny Nugroho","2021","Coral recruitment on artificial patch reefs deployed in the marginal reefs: Effect of multilevel substrate on density of coral recruit","full_search","17","1","33-42","A study of coral recruitment on Artificial Patch Reefs (APR) was performed in the marginal reef of Panjang Island, Central Java (Java Sea) to examine whether multilevel substrates of APR affect the density of coral recruits. Long-term and short-term observations were applied in yearly monitoring 2017-2019 and biweekly observations for 3 months in early 2019. Coral recruitment significantly varied among level substrates of APR (F(a,b) .05=3.08; p-value<0.05) and there was a significant difference at the beginning of the year (F(a,b) .05=5.52; p-value<0.05). The density of recruits on the substrates after 4 years post-deployment of APRs was 0.2 to 129.2 m-2 while the recruitment rate within short-term observations was 0.28-1.28 m-2 per month. The highest coral recruitment occurred at the middle to the top level of APR, while the lowest recruitment was found in the lowest level of APR. This is possibly due to high resuspension from the seabed. Oulastrea was dominant in both long- and short-term recruitment periods while Pocillopora was rare due to post-settlement mortality which trigger the overgrown coral-killing sponges. The results indicated that the adaptation of coral recruitment in the marginal environment is determined by the high recruitment of the small-colony coral species which possessed stress-tolerant for turbidity disturbance, such as Oulastrea crispata. This study suggested that the multilevel substrates, Artificial Patch Reefs (APR) are one of the reef rehabilitation methods which can be applied in the marginal environment enhancing coral recruitment.","10.15578/segara.v17i1.10064","https://lens.org/020-769-451-365-921 and http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/segara/article/download/10064/pdf"
"42","12686669","5319","JOUR","Bachtiar, I. and Prayoga, W.","2010","Coral recruitment on Reef Ball super(TM) modules at the Benete Bay, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia","full_search","13","2","119-125","Reef Ball super(TM) structure is a popular artificial reef module that has been invested in many countries. Publication on its efficacy in promoting coral recruitment however remains lack of study or publication. This present study was aimed to examine the pattern of coral recruitment on reef ball structure at the Benete Bay of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Thirty reef-balls (dome shape; 0.90 cm height, 1.20 cm diameter) were monitored after three years of deployment. The results of this study showed that nearly all coral colonies grew on the outer vertical surface and upper side of the reef balls. The recruit number varied a lot between 1-76 colonies per module. Most recruits were belonged to the Family Acroporidae, which contributed approximately 76% to the whole recruitment (640 colonies). Branching acroporiid was the most abundant colonies (55%). Pocilloporidae and Faviidae both contributed approximately nine percent to the total recruitment, while Poritidae contributed about three percent. Other coral families only had <1% contribution. The diameter of coral colonies which were growing on the reef balls varied between 5-290 mm. The number of recruit on the ball was very low at 10 meter depth (1-5 colonies per ball) that was likely to be affected by sedimentation. This study showed that reef ball module can be effectively used as a method in rehabilitating damaged coral reefs, and developing a proto-reef.",NA,"https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/coral-recruitment-on-reef-ball-super-tm-modules/docview/1642631617/se-2?accountid=10598"
"43","12686668","5406","JOUR","Lam, K. K. Y.","2003","Coral recruitment onto an experimental pulverised fuel ash-concrete artificial reef","full_search","46","5","642-653","An experimental artificial reef was deployed in December 1993 at Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park, Hong Kong. This is the first study documenting natural scleractinian coral recruitment onto a stabilised pulverised fuel ash (PFA)- concrete artificial reef. Visible recruits were first recorded 9-10 months after the placement of reef blocks, i.e. in the autumn of 1994. Two scleractinians, Oulastrea crispata and Culicia japonica, were recruited. The recruit density of the former was much greater than the latter. The spatial recruitment pattern of the corals was observed to be affected by the orientation of the attaching surface. O. crispata settled predominantly on the undersides of the reef blocks. There was an edge effect on O. crispata recruitment. C. japonica, however, had a preference for exposed surfaces. O. crispata did not show a preference for block composition whereas C. japonica favoured blocks with high (75% by volume) PFA levels. This shows that PFA-concrete is a potential substratum for artificial reef construction, especially when such reefs aim at rehabilitating corals.","https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00482-4","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/coral-recruitment-onto-experimental-pulverised/docview/16156831/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X02004824?via%3Dihub"
"44","12686654","484","JOUR","Baer, Jason L. and Carilli, Jessica and Chadwick, Bart and Hatay, Mark and van der Geer, Anneke and Scholten, Yun and Barnes, William and Aquino, Jenna and Ballard, Ashton and Little, Mark and Brzenski, Jared and Liu, Xiaofeng and Rosen, Gunther and Wang, Pei-Fang and Castillo, Jose and Haas, Andreas F. and Hartmann, Aaron C. and Rohwer, Forest","2023","Coral Reef Arks: An in situ mesocosm and toolkit for assembling reef communities","full_search","2023","191",NA,"Coral reefs thrive and provide maximal ecosystem services when they support a multi-level trophic structure and grow in favorable water quality conditions that include high light levels, rapid water flow, and low nutrient levels. Poor water quality and other anthropogenic stressors have caused coral mortality in recent decades, leading to trophic downgrading and the loss of biological complexity on many reefs. Solutions to reverse the causes of trophic downgrading remain elusive, in part because efforts to restore reefs are often attempted in the same diminished conditions that caused coral mortality in the first place. Coral Arks, positively buoyant, midwater structures, are designed to provide improved water quality conditions and supportive cryptic biodiversity for translocated and naturally recruited corals to assemble healthy reef mesocosms for use as long-term research platforms. Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS), passive settlement devices, are used to translocate the cryptic reef biodiversity to the Coral Arks, thereby providing a ""boost"" to natural recruitment and contributing ecological support to the coral health. We modeled and experimentally tested two designs of Arks to evaluate the drag characteristics of the structures and assess their long-term stability in the midwater based on their response to hydrodynamic forces. We then installed two designs of Arks structures at two Caribbean reef sites and measured several water quality metrics associated with the Arks environment over time. At deployment and 6 months after, the Coral Arks displayed enhanced metrics of reef function, including higher flow, light, and dissolved oxygen, higher survival of translocated corals, and reduced sedimentation and microbialization relative to nearby seafloor sites at the same depth. This method provides researchers with an adaptable, long-term platform for building reef communities where local water quality conditions can be adjusted by altering deployment parameters such as the depth and site.","10.3791/64778","https://lens.org/189-713-476-199-17X and https://www.jove.com/pdf/64778/jove-protocol-64778-coral-reef-arks-an-situ-mesocosm-toolkit-for-assembling-reef"
"45","12686513","10375","JOUR","Shaish, L. and Levy, G. and Katzir, G. and Rinkevich, B.","2010","Coral reef restoration (Bolinao, Philippines) in the face of frequent natural catastrophes","full_search","18","3","285-299","Restoration of coral reefs is generally studied under the most favorable of environmental conditions, a stipulation that does not always reflect situations in the field. A 2-year study (2005-2007), employing the "" reef gardening"" restoration concept (that includes nursery and transplantation phases), was conducted in Bolinao, Philippines, in an area suffering from intense human stressors. This site also experienced severe weather conditions, including a forceful southwesterly monsoon season and three stochastic environmental events: (1) a category 4 typhoon hit the Bolinao's lagoon (May 2006) impacted farmed corals; (2) heavy rains (August 2006) caused seepages of freshwater, followed by reduced salinity that impacted transplanted colonies; and (3) a bleaching event (June 2007) caused by warming of seawater, severely impacted both nursery and transplanted corals. This study analyzes the effects of these natural catastrophes on restoration efforts, and presents the successes and failures of recently used restoration instruments. Our results show that (1) in the nursery phase, consideration should be paid to depth-flexible constructions and tenable species/genotypes prioritization and (2) for transplantation acts, site/species deliberation, timing, and specific site selections should be taken into account. Only the establishment of large-scale nurseries and large transplantation measures and the adapting of restoration management to the frequently changing environment may forestall extensive reef degradation due to the combination of continuous anthropogenic and worsening global changes. © 2010 Society for Ecological Restoration International.","10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00647.x","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953715282&doi=10.1111%2fj.1526-100X.2009.00647.x&partnerID=40&md5=479128dbb91080afa5f2721ab7edcec9 and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00647.x"
"46","12686505","11798","JOUR","Brathwaite, A. and Clua, E. and Roach, R. and Pascal, N.","2022","Coral reef restoration for coastal protection: Crafting technical and financial solutions","full_search","310",NA,"114718","Coastal erosion, aggravated by coral reef mortality is a major issue for Small Island Developing States. Tradi-tionally gray infrastructure, financed by public budgets has been used to combat beach loss. We examined if three Nature-based Solutions (NbS): (i) coral restoration (green) (ii) restoration + limestone (hybrid) and (iii) restoration + 3D printed concrete (hybrid) could deliver positive outcomes for coastal protection and further incentivize cost sharing for reef conservation, with private beneficiaries. We modelled the impact of restoration on wave attenuation at two reefs off Barbados and simulated up-front and maintenance costs over a 25-year period. All solutions provide additionality when compared to gray infrastructure, especially in mitigating against Sea Level Rise. Restoration was the least costly with the highest risk of failure. The hybrid solutions, were less risky than the green as they provided immediate wave attenuation, alongside complementary services such as increased attractiveness due to the presence of reef fish. Their costs were however between +80% and +450% higher than gray solutions. While this might initially deter the use of NbS, blended finance and in some cases, Payments for Ecosystem Services, could provide options for governments and private beneficiaries to share costs, with ultimately greater benefits for themselves and coral reefs.","10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114718","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124845542&doi=10.1016%2fj.jenvman.2022.114718&partnerID=40&md5=629e635ddef4c816cff9f61a144ae912 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479722002912?via%3Dihub"
"47","12686499","4707","JOUR","Alfeche, L. R.","2003","Coral reef restoration through coral transplantation: the case of Duka Bay, Medina, Misamis Oriental","full_search",NA,NA,NA,"N/A",NA,"https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=bc9feeb325c201dc5c029673b79e8afb33a8f703 and https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=bc9feeb325c201dc5c029673b79e8afb33a8f703"
"48","12686436","5375","JOUR","Reguero, Borja G. and Beck, Michael W. and Agostini, Vera N. and Kramer, Philip A. and Hancock, Boze","2018","Coral reefs for coastal protection: A new methodological approach and engineering case study in Grenada","full_search","210",NA,"146-161","Coastal communities in tropical environments are at increasing risk from both environmental degradation and climate change and require urgent local adaptation action. Evidences show coral reefs play a critical role in wave attenuation but relatively little direct connection has been drawn between these effects and impacts on shorelines. Reefs are rarely assessed for their coastal protection service and thus not managed for their infrastructure benefits, while widespread damage and degradation continues. This paper presents a systematic approach to assess the protective role of coral reefs and to examine solutions based on the reef's influence on wave propagation patterns. Portions of the shoreline of Grenville Bay, Grenada, have seen acute shoreline erosion and coastal flooding. This paper (i) analyzes the historical changes in the shoreline and the local marine, (ii) assess the role of coral reefs in shoreline positioning through a shoreline equilibrium model first applied to coral reef environments, and (iii) design and begin implementation of a reef-based solution to reduce erosion and flooding. Coastline changes in the bay over the past 6 decades are analyzed from bathymetry and benthic surveys, historical imagery, historical wave and sea level data and modeling of wave dynamics. The analysis shows that, at present, the healthy and well-developed coral reefs system in the southern bay keeps the shoreline in equilibrium and stable, whereas reef degradation in the northern bay is linked with severe coastal erosion. A comparison of wave energy modeling for past bathymetry indicates that degradation of the coral reefs better explains erosion than changes in climate and historical sea level rise. Using this knowledge on how reefs affect the hydrodynamics, a reef restoration solution is designed and studied to ameliorate the coastal erosion and flooding. A characteristic design provides a modular design that can meet specific engineering, ecological and implementation criteria. Four pilot units were implemented in 2015 and are currently being field-tested. This paper presents one of the few existing examples available to date of a reef restoration project designed and engineered to deliver risk reduction benefits. The case study shows how engineering and ecology can work together in community-based adaptation. Our findings are particularly important for Small Island States on the front lines of climate change, who have the most to gain from protecting and managing coral reefs as coastal infrastructure.","10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.024","https://lens.org/015-489-303-991-640 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479718300240?via%3Dihub"
"49","12686387","13323","JOUR","Kumar, J. S. Y. and Satyanarayana, C. and Venkataraman, K. and Beleem, I. B. and Arun, G. and Chandran, R. and Ramkumaran, K. and Kamboj, R. D.","2017","Coral reefs transplantation and restoration experience in Pirotan Island, Marine National Park, Gulf of Kachchh, India","full_search","46","2","299-303","Massive corals planted over long lasting artificial reefs like concrete triangles have proven to be useful for the transplantation and restoration. A total of 215 artificial triangles were deployed with 1569 coral fragments at a small tide drain channel in Pirotan Island, Marine National Park, Gulf of Kachchh. The overall survival rate of transplanted corals was 77.57%, 7.84% of corals found detached from the triangles, 12.17% of corals bleached and 2.42% of corals dead. In addition, coral fragments overcame the impairment of the water current, sedimentation, algae cover and wave actions. Present preliminary study evident this transplantation methodology as a successful way for coral restoration in a most stressful ecosystem like the Gulf of Kuchchh.",NA,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015383338&partnerID=40&md5=38987a5eccedef1dc720e855083ee2ee"
"50","12686370","2272","CPAPER","Deb, Kaushik and McCarthy, Anne and Harkanson, Ben","2014","Coral relocation as habitat mitigation for impacts from the Barzan Gas Project pipeline construction, offshore Qatar","full_search",NA,NA,NA,"Abstract The Barzan Gas Project is a critical program to deliver natural gas to Qatar’s future industries. This project was expected to cause impacts to shallow coral communities during pipeline construction from Qatar’s North Field to onshore. To partially meet the state’s environmental clearance for the project whilst supporting the state’s national vision, RasGas Company Limited developed a project-specific Coral Management, Relocation, and Monitoring Plan that incorporated proven methodologies to relocate at-risk coral colonies to a suitable location. The coral relocation project includes the following: an initial Benthic Environmental Survey (BES) to assess coral colonies’ health and suitability for relocation;relocation of more than 1,600 corals from the pipeline corridor to a habitat specifically created for the reattachment of the coral colonies due to the lack of available hard bottom substrate containing 550 native quarried limestone boulders; anda five (5) year monitoring program to assess the health of the reattached coral colonies, colonization of the artificial habitat and document reef fish associated with the recipient site. Preliminary monitoring results indicate that the relocated corals were of comparable health and exhibited similar signs of stress as the reference corals. This paper presents monitoring results from Surveys II (January 2013) and III (July 2013) which were assessed for the following categories – reattached colony bonding status, colony health assessment, benthic characterization, reef fish assemblage, sediment accumulation, sea urchin density and water column data. RasGas will continue to monitor and report on the Barzan coral monitoring program as it matures and incorporate lessons learned. This paper has reported on the data from the two 2013 surveys following the post-relocation baseline survey in 2012. Despite the initial challenges to find a suitable substrate, the quarried limestone boulders have proven to be a sustainable habitat for the relocated corals, associated fauna and reef fish populations. The project will hopefully contribute to the body of existing knowledge for building successful coral relocation programs in the Gulf and stand as testament to RasGas’ commitment to protecting Qatar’s precious offshore biodiversity.","10.2118/168369-ms","https://lens.org/006-187-155-876-607 and https://onepetro.org/SPEHSE/proceedings-abstract/14HSE/3-14HSE/D031S048R005/210784"
"51","12686349","13528","JOUR","Linden, B. and Vermeij, M. J. A. and Rinkevich, B.","2019","The coral settlement box: A simple device to produce coral stock from brooded coral larvae entirely in situ","full_search","132",NA,"115-119","Coral reef restoration requires efficient, effective and scalable techniques and methodologies to counteract the continued decline of coral reefs. Here we tested an in situ method to collect and settle fully developed planulae shed by the brooding coral species (Stylophora pistillata). Three devices called Coral Settlement Boxes (CSB; L x W x H: 50 x 40 x 6 cm; V: 4.5 L) were built from transparent Plexiglas and designed to be easily assembled and disassembled. Each CSB contained two integrated biofilm-covered nets (0.5 x 0.5 cm mesh size), which functioned as settlement substrate. The trap container of a traditional planulae trap was replaced by the CSB, and this new construction was used to collected planulae over 4 consecutive days. The CSBs were then transported to a mid-water coral nursery at 12 m depth. One CSB was disassembled immediately, the two settlement substrates were removed and each was placed in a protective cage (mesh size 4 cm(2)). The other two CSBs were opened after a 4-month period, leaving the four settlement substrates attached to the Plexiglas plates and covered by protective cages. None of the settlement substrates were cleaned of fouling organisms in the nursery. After 5 months in the mid-water nursery, a total of 120 healthy juvenile coral colonies had resulted from the estimated 2045 planulae initially trapped. This inexpensive and simple approach to producing sexually propagated stocks of colonies entirely in situ may enhance the efficiency, effectiveness and scalability of restoration activities that include brooding coral species.","10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.04.012","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/coral-settlement-box-simple-device-produce-stock/docview/2233943051/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857419301193?via%3Dihub"
"52","12686348","9864","JOUR","Sammarco, P. W. and Atchison, A. D. and Boland, G. S.","2014","Coral settlement on oil/gas platforms in the northern gulf of Mexico: Preliminary evidence of rarity","full_search","32","1-2","11-23","In recent decades, there have been two areas of shallow hard substrate available for zooxanthellate coral colonization in the North Gulf of Mexico: The Flower Garden Banks (FGB) and oil and gas platforms. We assessed coral recruitment on platforms possessing adult corals around the FGB. In this preliminary experiment, we used terra cotta plates mounted on racks, deployed on six platforms at depths of 15-27 m for a duration of #1 yr in two consecutive years. Data on coral spat taxonomic identification, distribution, and densities were collected. Platform spat densities on plates averaged ,1/450 cm2, a low value when compared with the East-FGB (E-FGB; data from earlier similar experiment), other Caribbean sites, or the Great Barrier Reef. Spat density was not significantly different between platforms, suggesting that distance between the platforms and the E-FGB, a potential larval source, was large enough (.0.6-1.2 km) to permit extensive larval diffusion. Total spat density also did not vary significantly between settlement racks, indicating that settlement at the spatial scale of meters was relatively homogeneous. Only three species of spat were found-Tubastraea coccinea, Madracis decactis, and Montastraea sp.; the taxonomic composition of coral spat varied from those observed earlier on the E-FGB-Agaricia and Porites. The dominant recruits matched the dominant adults on the platforms-An unusual situation. Tubastraea and Madracis spat densities, respectively, did not vary significantly between platforms or between racks. Because of low recruitment levels, these artificial reef communities may be considered fragile in comparison to many natural ones because of the time required for recovery in the event of a mass coral mortality. These low recruitment levels, however, when integrated over ,30 yr, can result in the successful establishment of adult coral communities on the platforms. © 2014 by the Marine Environmental Sciences Consortium of Alabama.","10.18785/goms.3201.02","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85008902815&doi=10.18785%2fgoms.3201.02&partnerID=40&md5=ea2c6167ed3a58304db85bf3b5d5d637 and https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1570&context=goms"
"53","12686327","9663","JOUR","Kotb, M. M. A. and Alouran, N. M. and Awali, A. A. and Hararah, M. A.","2015","Coral translocation: Mitigating adverse impact ofdevelopment along the Aqaba coastline/Jordan","full_search","8","1","91-101","The present study describes corals translocationinitiated in response to the Environmental Impact Assessment study (EIA)conducted for the new South Port project in Aqaba. A galvanized steel structure painted with anti-fouling and anti-rust paints for the establishment of nursery structures was used. Concrete pipes and fossil reef rocks were utilized for the creation of a new cave-shape dive site. Marine cement was used to fix the colonies at the designated sites.About7000 coral colonies were translocated from the new port site to selectedlocations within the Aqaba Marine Parkshowed a survival rate of 89.8%during the first year. Thestudy indicated that coral translocation is a good tool for conservationif well designed and controlled.It would help in mitigating any potential adverse impacts resulted from development activities in coastal areas.","10.13005/bpj/586","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937218610&doi=10.13005%2fbpj%2f586&partnerID=40&md5=945c54c7f88943b7c312ecb5645d3fe3"
"54","12686325","11258","JOUR","Clark, S. and Edwards, A. J.","1995","Coral transplantation as an aid to reef rehabilitation: evaluation of a case study in the Maldive Islands","full_search","14","4","201-213","As part of a study of reef rehabilitation, whole coral colonies (primarily Acropora, Pocillopora, Porites, Eavia and Favites) were transplanted and cemented in place onto three approximately 20 m2 areas of Armorflex concrete mats on a 0.8-1.5 m deep reef-flat in the Maldives which had been severely degraded by coral mining. Growth, in situ mortality, and losses from mats due to wave action of a total of 530 transplants were monitored over 28 months. Natural recruitment of corals to both the transplanted Armorflex areas and concrete mats without transplants was also studied. Overall survivorship of corals 28 moths after transplantation was 51%. Most losses of transplants due to wave action occurred during the first 7 months when 25% were lost, with only a further 5% of colonies being lost subsequently. Within 16 months most colonies had accreted naturally to the concretemats. Thirty-two percent of transplants which remained attached died with Acropora hyacinthus and Pocillopora perrucosa having the highest mortality rates (approx. 50% nortality over two years) and Porites lobata and P. lutea the lowest (2.8 and 8.1% mortality respectively over two years). Growth rates were very variable with a quarter to a third of transplants showing negative growth during each inter-survey period. Acropora hyacinthus, A. cytherea and A. divaricata transplants had the highest growth rates (colony mean linear radial extension 4.15-5.81 cm y-1), followed by Pocillopora verrucosa (mean 2.51 cm y-1). Faviids and poritids had lowest growth rates. Favia and Favites showed the poorest response to transplantation whilst Acropora divaricata, which combined a high growth rate with relatively low mortality, appeared particularly amenable to transplantation. Natural recruitment did not differ significantly between concrete mats with and without transplanted corals. 'Visible' recruits wer first recorded 10 months after emplacement of the mats and were predominantly Acropora and Pocillopora. On near vertical surfaces their density was almost 18 m-2. Recruits grew fast producing many 20-30 cm diameter colonies on the mats within 3.5 years. Growth and survival of transplants are compared with results of transplantation studies in other locations. We conclude: (1) species transplanted should be selected with care as certain species are significantly more amenable than others to transplantation, (2) the choice of whether fragments or whole colonies are transplanted may profoundly influence survival, (3) considerable loss of transplants is likely from higher energy sites whatever method of attachment, (4) transplantation should, in general, be undertaken only if recovery following natural recruitment is unlikely. © 1995 Springer-Verlag.","10.1007/BF00334342","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029477947&doi=10.1007%2fBF00334342&partnerID=40&md5=3d3632825dcc1027eb68b41134cdba76 and https://link-springer-com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00334342.pdf"
"55","12686323","17985","JOUR","Munasik, Munasik and Sabdono, Agus and Assyfa, Azelia N. and Wijayanti, Diah Permata and Sugiyanto, Sugiyanto and Irwani, Irwani and Pribadi, Rudhi","2020","Coral transplantation on a multilevel substrate of Artificial Patch Reefs: effect of fixing methods on the growth rate of two Acropora species","full_search","21","5",NA,"Abstract. Munasik, Sabdono A, Assyfa AN, Wijayanti DP, Sugiyanto, Irwani, Pribadi R. 2020. Coral transplantation on a multilevel substrate of Artificial Patch Reefs: effect of fixing methods on the growth rate of two Acropora species. Biodiversitas 21: 1816-1822. Branching Acropora is generally used in coral transplantation to rehabilitate coral reefs. However, these corals are sensitive to environmental changes. Artificial Patch Reef (APR) is an artificial structure that provides a multilevel hard substrate. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the APR structure to facilitate the growth and survival of Acropora branching. Two species Acropora aspera and Acropora copiosa were transplanted vertically and horizontally on a modular concrete block in different levels of APR situated in the shallow reef of Panjang Island, Central Java. The results showed that the coral growth rate varied from 96.7 to 346.9 cm3/month, while survival ranged from 30 to 100% after 8 months. Lower survival rate mostly was found in the upper level of APR. The statistical analyses showed that the growth rate of A. copiosa fragment was significantly higher than that of A. aspera (p<0.05). Moreover, there were also significant differences in the treatments of transplantation method (p<0.05) to enhance coral growth. However, multilevel substrates were not significantly influenced by coral growth. This study suggested that A. copiosa which has high-level complexity in branching pattern will be selected to apply in shallow reef rehabilitation with transplanted vertically.","10.13057/biodiv/d210507","https://lens.org/091-167-283-534-374 and https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/download/5279/3830"
"56","12686322","8881","JOUR","Sabdono, A. and Assyfa, A. N. and Wijayanti, D. P. and Pribadi, R.","2020","Coral transplantation on a multilevel substrate of artificial patch reefs: Effect of fixing methods on the growth rate of two acropora species","full_search","21","5","1816-1822","Branching Acropora is generally used in coral transplantation to rehabilitate coral reefs. However, these corals are sensitive to environmental changes. Artificial Patch Reef (APR) is an artificial structure that provides a multilevel hard substrate. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the APR structure to facilitate the growth and survival of Acropora branching. Two species Acropora aspera and Acropora copiosa were transplanted vertically and horizontally on a modular concrete block in different levels of APR situated in the shallow reef of Panjang Island, Central Java. The results showed that the coral growth rate varied from 96.7 to 346.9 cm3/month, while survival ranged from 30 to 100% after 8 months. Lower survival rate mostly was found in the upper level of APR. The statistical analyses showed that the growth rate of A. copiosa fragment was significantly higher than that of A. aspera (p<0.05). Moreover, there were also significant differences in the treatments of transplantation method (p<0.05) to enhance coral growth. However, multilevel substrates were not significantly influenced by coral growth. This study suggested that A. copiosa which has high-level complexity in branching pattern will be selected to apply in shallow reef rehabilitation with transplanted vertically. © 2020, Society for Indonesian Biodiversity. All rights reserved.","10.13057/biodiv/d210507","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086095618&doi=10.13057%2fbiodiv%2fd210507&partnerID=40&md5=b2e44f632b73150a7cce0e22c3160002 and https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/download/5279/3830"
"57","12686052","1844","JOUR","Toh, Tai Chong and Ng, Chin Soon Lionel and Loke, Hai Xin and Taira, Daisuke and Toh, Kok Ben and Afiq-Rosli, Lutfi and Du, Rosa Celia Poquita and Cabaitan, Patrick and Sam, Shu Qin and Kikuzawa, Yuichi Preslie and Chou, Loke Ming and Song, Tiancheng","2017","A cost-effective approach to enhance scleractinian diversity on artificial shorelines","full_search","99",NA,"349-357","Seawalls, which have replaced many natural shorelines in coastal cities, are increasingly built to alleviate the impacts of rising sea levels. To mitigate the consequential loss of biodiversity, novel approaches such as ecological engineering have been adopted to enhance the biodiversity on these artificial structures. However, the majority of research to date has focused on physical modifications of intertidal seawalls, and such habitat enhancement efforts are labour- and cost-intensive. We examined the feasibility of transplanting nursery-reared scleractinian corals on subtidal seawalls in Singapore with the help of volunteers. Fragments of six hard coral species (Pocillopora damicornis, Hydnophora rigida, Merulina ampliata, Podabacia crustacea, Echinopora lamellosa, Platygyra sinensis) were tested. Fragments of all species fared well in the nurseries with a mean survival rate of 98.5% and 1.1 to 4-fold increase in live tissue area. Six months after transplantation to a seawall, only 50% of P. damicornis transplants survived, while those of M. ampliata decreased in size. Transplants of the other four species exhibited sustained growth and high survival rates (>90%), suggesting that they were more suitable than the former two species as candidates for transplantation onto subtidal seawalls. Scleractinian cover at the transplant site increased from 3% to 20% and generic richness increased from two to eight. The estimated project costs were almost US$ 23,000 if only researchers were involved in the effort, but the inclusion of volunteers in fieldwork and data analyses could help to bring the expenditure down by up to 23%. The study demonstrated the feasibility of transplanting corals onto subtidal seawalls to mitigate the impacts of coastal development, and highlighted its potential for application on other artificial structures. The findings also show that synergy between the community and scientists helps to reduce overall costs and is beneficial for biodiversity enhancement initiatives.","10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.11.066","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1049068794 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857416306978?via%3Dihub"
"58","12686019","12981","JOUR","Linden, B. and Rinkevich, B.","2011","Creating stocks of young colonies from brooding coral larvae, amenable to active reef restoration","full_search","398","1-2","40-46","Coral reefs are declining worldwide, even though traditional reef practices continuously underlie reef protection. This calls for exploration and integration of novel restoration techniques and tools, such as the ""gardening"" concept. The gardening approach, which has been successfully applied in various reef sites worldwide, is based on farming coral stocks in mid-water nurseries. To date, the farming of asexually produced coral material has chiefly been studied. Here, we test the performance of a novel spat-stocking tool for planulae of Stylophora pistillata, a brooding coral species. Two prototypes of a new settlement apparatus and one original apparatus made of Petri dishes lined with preconditioned transparency (Mailer's paper) disks had been stocked with > 3730 planulae. After 96 h, only 95.3% of > 2080 settlers were found on the Mailer paper provided. One-month-old survivors (80.8% of initial settlements) that were kept ex situ in a flow through seawater table were detached from the papers, ""transglued"" onto plastic pins, and transferred to mid-water coral nursery, where the trays were covered with fitted plastic nets (1 cm(2) mesh) to prevent predation and detachment. Four months later, more than 89% survivorship was documented, with colonies starting to form 3D structures. We estimate that 676 person-hours would be required to create 10,000 5-month-old genotypes of equal size to small branch fragments. This novel methodology allows farming of large quantities of colonies originating from sexually produced planulae and may enhance local populations' genetic variability within a short period. This method is inexpensive and easy to perform in remote places for incorporation in coral reef management practices. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","10.1016/j.jembe.2010.12.002","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/creating-stocks-young-colonies-brooding-coral/docview/860381849/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098110004934?via%3Dihub"
"59","12685570","12657","JOUR","Berman, O. and Weizman, M. and Oren, A. and Neri, R. and Parnas, H. and Shashar, N. and Tarazi, E.","2023","Design and application of a novel 3D printing method for bio-inspired artificial reefs","full_search","188",NA,"106892","Morphological complexity and diversity are key design features for forming artificial reefs that can support marine communities. Towards this end, 3D Printing (3DP) has become a unique fabrication method in the field. In the current study, we develop a novel approach to ceramic 3DP and investigate new morphologies to form marine habitats using additive manufacturing (AM) with eco-friendly materials. A large Paste Based Extrusion (PBE) 3D printer was used in addition to adapted, ceramic materials to develop a Gravity-Stimulated Printing Design method (GSPD) to fabricate bio-inspired reef designs. This approach used a direct parametric design-tool that generates and controls a specific machine tool-path of the printer, bypassing the slicer program. The developed parametric design-tool led to highly complex shapes that assembled a spatial conglomerate structure with the variety and uniqueness of each part. A reef forming prototype made from 87 printed parts was created and installed in a coral reef environment at the northern tip of the Red Sea in the Gulf of Eilat/Aqaba. After two years, we observed abundant marine organisms settling and recruiting at a depth of 12 m to form a new reef. This study demonstrates the environmental potential of AM, specifically in ceramic 3D printing. Our results indicate that the GSPD method can be used for large-scale production of highly complex eco-friendly artificial marine habitats. Using our design approach, we can facilitate morphological complexity in ceramic AR construction that support a diversity of coral reef residents.","10.1016/j.ecoleng.2023.106892","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146150108&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoleng.2023.106892&partnerID=40&md5=4ebc8ab9f05633574ed89d24c956afce and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857423000010?via%3Dihub"
"60","12685469","1046","JOUR","Ben-Tzvi, O. and Loya, Y. and Abelson, A.","2004","Deterioration Index (DI): a suggested criterion for assessing the health of coral communities","full_search","48","9-10","954-960","The extensive deterioration of coral reefs worldwide highlights the importance of creating efficient monitoring methods to best assess their state of health. At present, several suggested parameters serve such indicators. None of these, however, is well accepted as reliably representing reef community health. In the present study we examine a new approach based on the ratio between mortality and recruitment rates of branching corals, which we term 'Deterioration Index' (DI). It aims at providing a quantitative indication of the state of health of reef-building coral communities. The method was developed and tested on 16 coral communities on artificially laid rocks along the coast of Eilat, Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba). In contrast to frequently used indices (i.e. mortality rate, abundance and species richness), which did not demonstrate a consistent result in comparing disturbed vs. undisturbed coral communities, the DI revealed significant differences between these communities. Our results suggest that the use of the DI may enable the detection of disturbed coral communities in one instance monitoring, where the other parameters had failed. The DI, therefore, may provide a comparable quantitative assessment of the deterioration process and its intensity in a coral community. We propose the DI approach as an efficient and applicable tool for coral reef monitoring.","10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.11.022","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1005249547 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X03005411?via%3Dihub"
"61","12685438","17079","JOUR","Al-Horani, Fuad A. and Khalaf, Maroof A.","2013","Developing artificial reefs for the mitigation of man-made coral reef damages in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea: coral recruitment after 3.5 years of deployment","full_search","9","8","749-757","Human stresses on coral reefs have increased to levels threatening their existence on a global scale. In the Gulf of Aqaba, many coastal coral reefs have been damaged by human activities, while many others are threatened. To mitigate such negative impacts, we have constructed a state-of-the-art artificial reef and deployed it in the Gulf of Aqaba in December 2008. After 3.5 years, the data obtained have shown extensive coral recruitment rates on the deployed artificial reef. This was suggested to be due to the high structural complexity of the new AR design. The newly created habitat is expected to protect the natural reefs by reducing pressure on them. This strategy is expected not only to be of environmental value to the marine ecosystem, but also to enhance eco-tourism in the local community. Based on the results obtained, it is highly recommended to use artificial reefs for restoration purposes.","10.1080/17451000.2013.765582","https://lens.org/063-150-366-057-239 and https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/doi/pdf/10.1080/17451000.2013.765582"
"62","12685404","6272","JOUR","Sen, Sumitro and Yousif, Omer M.","2016","Development of a coral nursery as a sustainable resource for reef restoration in Abu Al Abyad Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Arabian Gulf","full_search","18","1","3-8","Populations of once dominant reef building coral Acropora clathrata in Arabian Gulf is declining, mainly due to thermal bleaching and anthropogenic factors such as rapid urbanization, toxic wastes, destructive fishing practices, land reclamation and sedimentation. To actively restore coral populations, continuous supply of corals is required without causing damage to the existing reefs. In this study, as part of the coral gardening approach, mid water coral nurseries were constructed in Abu Al Abyad Island, United Arab Emirates following the coral tree nursery model. Six hundred fragments, with an average length of 6.32cm (SD plus or minus 1.23cm) of Acropora clathrata were mounted in the nursery and reared for 21 months while monitoring the health of the fragments continuously and estimating the growth rate and survivorship of the corals every three months. Only 9.8% of mortality was recorded in the entire study period, while a linear growth rate of 6.44cm upsilon .year super([-]1) (SD plus or minus 0.72) was achieved in the first 12 months and 9.25cm upsilon .year super([-]1) (SD plus or minus 0.63) in the remaining 9 months. Almost negligible mortality and satisfactory growth of corals during the entire nursery period suggest that the coral tree nursery model is suitable for propagating A. clathrata in Arabian Gulf.","https://doi.org/10.3755/galaxea.18.1_3","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/development-coral-nursery-as-sustainable-resource/docview/1837331134/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/galaxea/18/1/18_3/_pdf"
"63","12685228","12464","JOUR","Borell, E. M. and Romatzki, S. B. C. and Ferse, S. C. A.","2010","Differential physiological responses of two congeneric scleractinian corals to mineral accretion and an electric field","full_search","29","1","191-200","Despite increasing popularity of 'electric' reefs as a means for reef restoration, there is a distinct lack of quantitative evidence supporting the alleged benefits of this method. This study investigated the effects of an electric field versus an electric field in combination with a cathode on coral growth (skeletal extension) rates, coral survival, zooxanthella densities, chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations, and chlorophyll fluorescence of Acropora pulchra and A. yongei. Coral transplants were grown for 4 months under three treatment conditions: (1) on an iron cathode, (2) on bamboo inside an electric field, or (3) on bamboo in the absence of an electric field. Contrary to predictions, coral growth rates of both species were highest inside the electric field and not on the cathode. Except for chl a concentrations, the cathode had a significant adverse effect on all measured variables for A. yongei but not for A. pulchra. Treatment had no effect on the survival of A. pulchra, while mortality rates of A. yongei were significantly higher in the presence of mineral accretion compared to the electric field and control. A. yongei on the cathode featured low zooxanthella densities, depressed electron transport rates (rETR) and maximum quantum yield (F (v)/F (m)), and reduced growth. By contrast, treatment had no effect on the fluorescence characteristics of A. pulchra, and zooxanthella densities were highest for corals on the cathode, coincident with high growth rates relative to the control. Overall, the data indicate that the proposed benefits of the mineral accretion technology to meet important objectives of reef rehabilitation with regard to colony growth and survival should be considered with caution.","10.1007/s00338-009-0564-y","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/differential-physiological-responses-two/docview/235790021/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00338-009-0564-y.pdf"
"64","12685225","5371","JOUR","Perkol-Finkel, S. and Benayahu, Y.","2007","Differential recruitment of benthic communities on neighboring artificial and natural reefs","full_search","340","1","25-39","Shedding light on the ability of benthic artificial reef (AR) communities to resemble those of a natural reef (NR) is of great importance if we are to harness ARs as tools for rehabilitation and restoration of degraded marine habitats. Studying recruitment processes to experimental settlement plates attached to ARs and NRs reveal the factors that shape community structure at the two reef types, and determine the ability of an AR to support communities similar to those found in adjacent natural habitats. In this study, conducted in Eilat (Red Sea), we used settlement plates to test the hypothesis that differences in benthic communities between ARs and NRs are derived from differential recruitment processes. A monitoring period of 18 months revealed great differences in the recruitment of corals and other benthic communities between the studied ARs and adjacent NRs. The ARs were either made of PVC or metal and 10-17 years old when the study commenced. The recruitment of soft corals reflected the species assemblage found in the area, consisting mainly of the family Nephtheidae and Xeniidae, species, while that of stony corals was mostly determined by the life history traits of the recruited taxa, e.g., the opportunistic nature of the family Pocilloporidae. Benthic organisms, mainly filter feeders like bryozoans, bivalves, sponges and tunicates, were more abundant at the ARs than at the NRs, mainly on the underside of the plates. We suggest that this differential recruitment resulted from a synergistic effect of abiotic and biotic factors, including current regime, sedimentation load and larval settlement preferences, which subsequently differentiated the composition of the benthic communities at the ARs and NRs. Thus, in order to construct an AR for restoration purposes, it must offer similar structural features to those found in the natural surrounding, leading to recruitment of local taxa. However, if the AR and NR will differ structurally, the composition of recruits will also differ and eventually the communities at the two reef types will become distinct, hereby increasing the species diversity in the area.","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.08.008","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/differential-recruitment-benthic-communities-on/docview/19373382/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098106004618"
"65","12685177","14199","JOUR","Edwards, A. J. and Guest, J. R. and Heyward, A. J. and Villanueva, R. D. and Baria, M. V. and Bollozos, I. S. F. and Golbuu, Y.","2015","Direct seeding of mass-cultured coral larvae is not an effective option for reef rehabilitation","full_search","525",NA,"105-116","Large-scale rearing of coral larvae during mass spawning events and subsequent direct introduction of competent larvae onto denuded reefs ('larval seeding') has been proposed as a low-tech and affordable way of enhancing coral settlement and hence recovery of degraded reefs. While some studies have shown positive short-term effects on settlement, to date, none have examined the long-term effects of larval seeding for a broadcast-spawning coral. Here, we test whether larval seeding significantly increases coral recruitment rates both in the short (5 wk) and longer (similar to 6 mo to 1 yr) term. Larvae of Acropora digitifera were reared ex situ, and similar to 1 million larvae were introduced to 7 artificial reefs (ARs) while 7 others were left unseeded. Settlement tiles deployed on both seeded and control ARs were retrieved for examination 5 and 30 wk after seeding. In addition, the presence of visible coral recruits on the AR surfaces was monitored before and for similar to 13 mo post-seeding. Density of acroporid spat was significantly higher on seeded tiles than on controls 5 wk after seeding, but this effect had vanished by 30 wk. Comparison of the densities of new visible Acropora recruits between seeded and control ARs showed no significant difference similar to 13 mo after seeding. Larval seeding therefore had no long-term effect due to high post-settlement mortality (which appeared to be density-related). Results suggest that reef-rehabilitation methods that aim to harness coral sexual reproduction might better focus on rearing juveniles through early post-settlement mortality bottlenecks.","10.3354/meps11171","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/direct-seeding-mass-cultured-coral-larvae-is-not/docview/1765987432/se-2 and https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2015/525/m525p105.pdf"
"66","12685108","8780","JOUR","Ghiasian, M. and Carrick, J. and Rhode-Barbarigos, L. and Haus, B. and Baker, A. C. and Lirman, D.","2021","Dissipation of wave energy by a hybrid artificial reef in a wave simulator: implications for coastal resilience and shoreline protection","full_search","19","1","1-7","Coastal cities are susceptible to the impacts of waves, flooding, storm surge, and sea-level rise. In response to these threats, coastal jurisdictions have invested in engineered shoreline defenses such as breakwaters and sea walls that are costly to implement and maintain. Thus, there is an increasing recognition that nature-based defenses provided by healthy ecosystems like coral reefs can be an effective and cost-efficient alternative to mitigate the impacts of climatic hazards while simultaneously restoring ecosystem services. Unfortunately, coral reefs have experienced degradation worldwide, lowering their potential for wave-energy dissipation. As coastal vulnerability increases with the loss of natural barriers, it is imperative to design and test novel resilience solutions. Our study quantifies the benefits of hybrid artificial reefs for wave mitigation in a wave-tank simulator using periodic waves of three heights (0.10, 0.16, and 0.24 m) at two water levels (0.55 and 0.65 m) defined considering the Froude similarity with a prototype reef structure in South Florida. Experiments showed that an artificial trapezoidal reef model reduces wave height (> 35%) and wave energy (up to 63%) under realistic wave conditions. Moreover, adding coral skeletons of Acropora cervicornis to simulate reef restoration onto the model mitigates up to an additional 10% of wave height and 14% of wave energy through increased friction, supporting the use of hybrid approaches that integrate both gray and green infrastructure to enhance coastal resilience. Exploring wave-tank simulations provides a better understanding of wave effects before implementing larger and more costly projects in the field. © 2020 Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","10.1002/lom3.10400","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092926098&doi=10.1002%2flom3.10400&partnerID=40&md5=0a5e32cf795856598b378f3bbdcb0c69 and https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lom3.10400"
"67","12685069","10239","JOUR","Shahbudin, S. and Hafifi Hafiz, Z. and Akbar John, B. and Kamaruzzaman, B. Y. and Jalal, K. C. A.","2011","Distribution and diversity of corals on artificial reefs at Pasir Akar and Teluk Kalong, Redang Island, Malaysia","full_search","11","2","379-383","Present study was conducted to determine the propagation and biodiversity of corals on artificial reefs at Teluk Kalong and Pasir Akar, Malaysia to check the feasibility of artificial reef to rehabilitate natural reef ecosystems and to provide artificial habitat for marine organisms. Two types of artificial reef deployed in these areas were Dome Reef and EnviroReef which were developed by the Dorken Company. Based on the results obtained, coral distribution was higher at Pasir Akar compared to Teluk Kalong. The Shannon diversity index (H') and evenness index (EH.) of coral at Teluk Kalong were 0.6425 and 0.1766, respectively while the Shannon diversity index (H') and Pielou evenness index (EH.) of coral at Pasir Akar were 1.7410 and 0.3247, respectively. Overall, 2 species were found and identified at Teluk Kalong and 10 species were at Pasir Akar with Seriatopora kystrix as the dominant species at both the stations. Coral distribution was higher on Dome Reef compared to EnviroReef. The diversity index (H') andPielou evenness index (EH.) of EnviroReef were 0.5359 and 0.1284 respectively while it was 2.2192 and 0.4274, respectively in Dome Reef. A total of 3 and 9 species were found and identified from the EnviroReef and Dome Reef, respectively with Seriatopora hystrix being the dominant in both the reef structures. We conclude that both artificial reefs structures were suitable as habitat for coral propagation. © 2011 Asian Network for Scientific Information.","10.3923/jas.2011.379.383","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79957880713&doi=10.3923%2fjas.2011.379.383&partnerID=40&md5=68d5ac6c9fe0843d6d849bfbbe2dc362"
"68","12684923","9398","JOUR","Hudatwi, M. and Syari, I. A. and Utami, E. and Nugraha, M. A. and Akhrianti, I. and Pamungkas, A.","2021","Diversity of benthic organisms on artificial reef structure","full_search","926","1","12033-12033","One of the methods of a marine rehabilitation program to accelerate the recovery of damaged coral reefs is to make artificial reefs as a new coral growth substrate. Interestingly, many benthic invertebrates overgrowth the artificial reef structures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the benthic organisms encrusting the artificial reefs including the cement and iron substrates. In June 2018, 10 artificial reef structures were deployed in 7-8m depth around Putri Island, Belinyu, Bangka Regency. The artificial reef structures were made in the form of an iron frame with a cement concrete weight. Colonization of sessile benthic organisms is generally marine invertebrates; Scleractinia corals, sponges, bivalves, hydrozoa, bryozoa, soft corals, gastropoda, crinoid, ascidian, and gorgonian. Natural recruited coral Pocillopora sp. was found in all artificial reef structures with colony sizes 3-8cm and surprisingly only coral pocillopora found adhered in iron frames and sinkers. The other benthic organisms are sponge, crinoid, and bryozoa with the number of densities are 2 organism/m2. Meanwhile, the lowest benthic density are groups of Mollusc and Ascidian with organism/m2. The type of succession that occurs in this research was likely a primary succession. The preference of benthic organisms among reefs appeared to be related to the proximity of natural hard-bottom habitat and type of iron and coating materials.","10.1088/1755-1315/926/1/012033","https://lens.org/029-259-706-656-075"
"69","12684911","1429","JOUR","Kikuzawa, Y. P. and Ng, C. S. L. and Toh, T. C. and Sam, S. Q. and Lee, Y. L. and Loo, P. L. and Chua, Y. Z. and Tan, K. S. and Chou, L. M.","2020","Diversity of subtidal benthic and hard coral communities on sloping and vertical seawalls in Singapore","full_search","50","6","95","Decades of coastal urbanisation have replaced many natural shorelines with seawalls. Marine communities have been documented on these replacement habitats, but little is known about the effects of seawall inclination on the diversity and depth distribution of sessile organisms on this artificial substrate. Surveys of hard coral and other sessile communities in Singapore indicated that benthic communities at the deeper zone (− 2 m chart datum) were significantly different between three sloping (about 33° inclination) and three vertical seawalls of similar age. Hard coral communities were significantly different between sloping and vertical seawalls and between 0 m chart datum and − 2 m chart datum. Hard coral communities on sloping seawalls were also significantly more diverse than on vertical seawalls. At both depths, sloping seawalls were dominated by abiota with hard coral comprising appr. 17% of the total surface, while vertical seawalls were dominated by algal assemblage with hard coral comprising appr. 10% of the total surface. Overall, the results showed that sloping seawalls were significantly better at supporting coral communities, likely due to less intensive habitat compression and buffered wave action on them, especially at 0 m chart datum. The need to understand how surface topography affects benthic and coral communities in light of growing coastal urbanisation is also highlighted. This study emphasises how sloping seawalls can support greater marine biodiversity than vertical seawalls.","10.1007/s12526-020-01118-z","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1132064754 and https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12526-020-01118-z.pdf"
"70","12684689","4353","JOUR","Vermeij, M. J. A.","2006","Early life-history dynamics of Caribbean coral species on artificial substratum: the importance of competition, growth and variation in life-history strategy","full_search","25","1","59-71","The development of a coral community was monitored for 6 years (1998–2004) on 46 m2 of artificial settlement substrate in Curac¸ ao, Netherlands Antilles. Growth and survival of recruits (n=1385) belonging to 16 different species were quantified in relation to characteristics of the benthic community developing around them. The early life history dynamics (i.e. growth rate, growth strategy and survival) of corals differed among species although these differences were small for species occupying similar habitats (i.e. underside versus topside of substratum). In contrast to recruit survival, juvenile growth rates were highly variable and unrelated to benthic community structure, at least at the scale of this study. Competing benthic organisms affected coral recruitment success through space preemption (mainly by macroalgae) or recruit overgrowth (mainly by sponges). The results highlight the small spatial scale (mm–cm) at which the processes responsible for recruitment success or failure occur and emphasize the need to include such small-scale observations in studies of coral early life-phase dynamics.","10.1007/s00338-005-0056-7","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00338-005-0056-7 and https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00338-005-0056-7 and https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00338-005-0056-7.pdf"
"71","12684597","9847","CONF","Foley, M. and Stender, Y. and Singh, A. and Jokiel, P. and Rodgers, K.","2014","Ecological engineering considerations for coral reefs in the design of multifunctional coastal structures","full_search",NA,NA,NA,"A multifunctional structure is being designed for the Kahului Harbor, Maui, Hawai'i, to mitigate operational problems caused by wave energy while also providing coral reef habitat. There is limited information on how the design of a coastal structure can be manipulated to enhance the ecology of targeted coral communities. To inform the ecological engineering of an artificial coral reef, the relationship between substrate characteristics and coral colonization was investigated through coral recruitment experiments and study of field conditions. Three concrete compositions that differed by the use of basalt, limestone, or recycled aggregates were tested in field and laboratory experiments to determine the impact of each substrate on the recruitment of juvenile hermatypic corals. The concrete test plates were deployed in three environments for a period of about one year, after which the coral recruits on each plate were identified and counted. No significant difference was found in the average number of coral recruits on the concrete mixed with basalt, limestone and recycled aggregate (60 ± 9, 83 ± 17 and 77 ± 14, respectively). Significant differences in coral recruitment were found due to the laboratory tanks, deep water, and shallow water field tests environments (86 ± 11, 135 ± 15 and 4 ± 1, respectively). These results highlight the importance of environmental site conditions for the development of coral reef habitat. A field study was conducted in the vicinity of purposed artificial reef site to relate the topographic features of the surrounding environment to the levels of live coral coverage. The benthic zone was surveyed using a drop camera system and by divers who recorded in-situ observations. Of the area surveyed, the highest density of coral coverage (>90% cover on 60% of the area) was found on an adjacent natural reef area that was characterized by spur and groove geomorphology with a high degree of macro- and microtopographic complexity. In contrast, sparse coral cover was discovered on the concrete armor units of the existing east breakwater structure, while no live coral cover was observed on the sand and carbonate rubble substrate at the proposed artificial reef location. The high degree of coral coverage on the adjacent natural reef suggests that the artificial coral reef design should emulate the natural spur and groove structure with regards to topographic complexity on multiple scales, orientation with wave direction, and water depth.","https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v34.management.30","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957641612&partnerID=40&md5=ac85c0bf0ec049d3522f484d22356168"
"72","12684585","12985","JOUR","Dupont, J. M. and Hallock, P. and Jaap, W. C.","2010","Ecological impacts of the 2005 red tide on artificial reef epibenthic macroinvertebrate and fish communities in the eastern Gulf of Mexico","full_search","415",NA,"189-200","A harmful algal bloom (red tide) and associated anoxic/hypoxic event in 2005 resulted in massive fish kills and comparable mortality of epibenthic communities in depths <25 m along the central west Florida shelf. There is a robust body of information on the etiology of red tide and human health issues; however, there is virtually no quantitative information on the effects of red tide on epibenthic macroinvertebrate and demersal fish communities. Ongoing monitoring of recruitment and succession on artificial reef structures provided a focused time series (2005 to 2007) before and after the red-tide disturbance. Radical changes in community structures of artificial reefs were observed after the red tide. Scleractinian corals, poriferans, and echinoderms were among the epibenthos most affected. Fish species richness declined by >50%, with significant reductions in the abundances of most species. Successional stages were monitored over the next 2 yr; stages tended to follow a predictable progression and revert to a pre-red tide state, corroborating previous predictions that the frequency of disturbance events in the shallow eastern Gulf of Mexico may limit the effective species pool of colonists. Substantial recovery of the benthos occurred in 2 yr, which was more rapid than predicted in previous studies.","10.3354/meps08739","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958028570&doi=10.3354%2fmeps08739&partnerID=40&md5=777b32d6e14905f01805b2f94982cf70 and https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2010/415/m415p189.pdf"
"73","12684518","8937","JOUR","Luthfi, O. M. and Isdianto, A. and Sirait, A. P. R. and Putranto, T. W. C. and Affandi, M.","2020","Ecology of cubes artificial reef of Pantai Damas, East Java, Indonesia","full_search","26","4","1798-1805","Damage to the coral reef ecosystem in the Damas coastal region is associated with various things such as large sedimentation due to mangrove deforestation in the upper area, destructive fishing practice, tourism activity and increasing temperature and organic material in the seawater. Fragile coral as main reef builders can recover themselves with slow rate mode and humans introduce a low technology that can accelerate the recovery of coral reefs by using artificial reefs (AR). In the 2017 local community supported by scientists deployed 25 cubes artificial reef in Damas area. Cubes structure have the main purpose of establishing the sea substrate to attract coral juvenile and to harbor reef fishes. The result from underwater video and photographs showed that 3 ARs missed and 22 ARs found with various conditions: 15 ARs buried with sediment; 1 AR covered by a net; 3 ARs in a tilted position and 4 ARs in good condition. The density of sessile organisms on the AR surface consists of 16 sessile organisms with a total density of 6.94 individual/ m². The abundance of reef fish in the AR area comes from 16 families with a total abundance of 1.73 individual/m². © 2020, EM International. All rights reserved.",NA,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105896450&partnerID=40&md5=44250d6c1573c708327319cad38a8bec"
"74","12684394","2164","JOUR","Matus, Ilse Valenzuela and Alves, Jorge Lino and Góis, Joaquim and da Rocha, Augusto Barata and Neto, Rui and Da Silva Mota, Carlos","2021","Effect of 3D printer enabled surface morphology and composition on coral growth in artificial reefs","full_search","27","4","692-706","Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prove and qualify the influence of textured surface substrates morphology and chemical composition on the growth and propagation of transplanted corals. Use additive manufacturing and silicone moulds for converting three-dimensional samples into limestone mortar with white Portland cement substrates for coral growth. Design/methodology/approach Tiles samples were designed and printed with different geometries and textures inspired by nature marine environment. Commercial coral frag tiles were analysed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify the main chemical elements. Raw materials and coral species were selected. New base substrates were manufactured and deployed into a closed-circuit aquarium to monitor the coral weekly evolution process and analyse the results obtained. Findings Experimental results provided positive statistical parameters for future implementation tests, concluding that the intensity of textured surface, interfered favourably in the coralline algae biofilm growth. The chemical composition and design of the substrates were determinant factors for successful coral propagation. Recesses and cavities mimic the natural rocks aspect and promoted the presence and interaction of other species that favour the richness of the ecosystem. Originality/value Additive manufacturing provided an innovative method of production for ecology restoration areas, allowing rapid prototyping of substrates with high complexity morphologies, a critical and fundamental attribute to guarantee coral growth and Crustose Coralline Algae. The result of this study showed the feasibility of this approach using three-dimensional printing technologies.","10.1108/rpj-07-2020-0165","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1136823429"
"75","12684381","11801","JOUR","Hylkema, A. and Debrot, A. O. and Cammenga, R. A. R. and van der Laan, P. M. and Pistor, M. and Murk, A. J. and Osinga, R.","2023","The effect of artificial reef design on the attraction of herbivorous fish and on coral recruitment, survival and growth","full_search","188",NA,"106882","Fish assemblages of different types of artificial reefs can differ greatly in abundance, biomass and composition, with some reef types harboring over five times more herbivores than others. It is assumed that higher herbiv-orous fish abundance results in a higher grazing intensity, affecting the benthic community by means of enhanced coral recruitment, survival and growth. Territorial fish species might affect this process by chasing away other fish, especially herbivores. In this study we compared the fish assemblage, territorial behavior and grazing intensity by fish on two artificial reef types: reef balls and layered cakes, differing greatly in their fish assemblage during early colonization. In addition, the effect of artificial reef type on benthic development and coral recruitment, survival and growth, was investigated. Although layered cakes initially harbored higher herbivorous fish biomass, this effect was lost during consecutive monitoring events. This seems to be the result of the higher territorial fish abundance around the layered cakes where almost four times more chasing behavior was recorded compared to the reef balls. This resulted in a more than five times lower fish grazing intensity compared to the reef-ball plots. Although macroalgae were effectively controlled at both reefs, the grazing in-tensity did not differ enough to cause large enough structural changes in benthic cover for higher coral recruitment, survival or growth. The high turf algae cover, combined with increasing crustose coralline algae and sponge cover likely explained reduced coral development. We recommend further research on how to achieve higher grazing rates for improved coral development on artificial reefs, for example by facilitating invertebrate herbivores.","10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106882","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1154510343 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857422003433?via%3Dihub"
"76","12684297","13633","JOUR","Wells, L. and Perez, F. and Hibbert, M. and Clerveaux, L. and Johnson, J. and Goreau, T. J.","2010","Effect of severe hurricanes on Biorock Coral Reef Restoration Projects in Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands","full_search","58","SUPPL. 3","141-149","Artificial reefs are often discouraged in shallow waters over concerns of storm damage to structures and surrounding habitat Biorock coral reef restoration projects were initiated in waters around 5m deep in Grand Turk al Oasis (C)ctober 2006) and at Governor s Beach (November 2007) Hemi cylindrical steel modules 6m long were used four modules at Oasis and six at Governor s Beach Each project has over 1200 corals trans planted from sites with high sedimentation damage and are regularly monitored for coral growth mortality and fish populations Corals show immediate growth over wires used to attach corals Growth has been measured from photographs using a software program and is faster at Governor s Beach After hurricanes Hanna and Ike (September 2008) the Governor s Beach structure was fully standing since the waves passed straight through with little damage the Oasis structures which were tie wired rather than welded had one module collapse (since been replaced with a new welded structure) Hurricane Ike was the strongest hurricane on record to hit Grand Turk Most cables were replaced following the hurricanes due to damage from debris and high wave action The projects lost about a third of the corals due to hurricanes Most of those lost had only been wired a few days before and had not yet attached themselves firmly These projects have regenerated corals and fish populations in areas of barren sand or bedrock and are now attractive to snorkelers High coral survival and low structural damage after hurricanes indicate that Biorock reef restoration can be effective in storm impacted areas Rev Biol Tr3p 58 (Suppl 3) 141 149 Epub 2010 October 01",NA,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650700078&partnerID=40&md5=12a3a0f9643075f5a348936c893e1537"
"77","12684274","12906","JOUR","Xia, J. Q. and Zhu, W. T. and Liu, X. B. and Ren, Y. X. and Huang, J. Z. and Zhu, M. and Wu, Z. Q. Y. and Wang, A. M. and Li, X. B.","2022","The effect of two types of grid transplantation on coral growth and the in-situ ecological restoration in a fragmented reef of the South China Sea","full_search","177",NA,"1","Due to climate change and human activities, coral reef ecosystems are facing a crisis of degradation globally. Some coral reefs in the northern part of Wuzhizhou Island (Southeastern Hainan Island, the South China Sea) have been fragmented because of continuous disturbance, and we systematically conducted in-situ restoration experiments to accelerate the ecological restoration in this area. In September 2019, 40 reefs with hollow structures were placed in the experimental area, and a control area was selected at the same depth. Twenty of the 40 reefs were covered by a cylindrical grid with a diameter of 0.5 cm (GFn group), and the remaining 20 were covered by a flat grid with a width of 1 cm (BFn group). A total of 1140 coral colonies, composed of Acropora hyacinthus, Acropora microphthalma, Acropora florida, Montipora truncata, and Porites lutea, were transplanted in this experiment, with an overall survival rate of 94.27% due to the coral transplant base of the carrying reefs being of sufficient weight, hollow structure, and dense grid. The survival rate and annual growth rate of Acropora in the GFn group with a narrow but large mesh and cylindrical design were significantly higher, and the fastest growth rate was found in A. hyacinthus, growing at 27.33 +/- 10.37 cm(2).month(-1). Montipora truncata and P. lutea in the BFn group with a wide mesh and flat structure had higher survival rates and significantly greater growth rates. In the ecology of the coral community, coral coverage in the GFn group was significantly higher compared with the BFn group, which was mainly attributed to the difference in the growth of Acropora. Compared with the reef fragmentation area, the three-dimensional structure of the hollow reef and its radiation effect significantly attracted the accumulation of large invertebrates and reef fishes. Sea cucumbers and sea urchins gathered faster, forming a stable community structure. The dominant fish species gradually transformed from the large algae eating fish Siganus fuscessens to the territorial algae-eating fish Dascyllus reticulatus due to changes in the three-dimensional structure of the grid surface caused by coral growth. Studies have shown that the threedimensional structure of a reef can significantly affect the aggregation of benthic organisms. Among the selected corals, Acropora grew more rapidly, which established more complex three-dimensional structures to achieve a better ecological restoration effect in the reef area. The combination of tiled Montipora and lumpy Porites could increase the base coverage and reduce the impact of algae on the corals. Our results suggest that when transplanting different types of corals, we should consider the use of multiple comprehensive factors such as the type of the reef, the structure of the grid, the characteristics of the transplanted corals, and the influence of environmental factors.","10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106558","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/effect-two-types-grid-transplantation-on-coral/docview/2645895388/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857422000192?via%3Dihub"
"78","12684161","9089","JOUR","Natasasmita, Dias and Wijayanti, Diah Permata and Suryono, Chrisna Adhi","2016","The effects of electrical voltage differences and initial fragment size on growth performance and survival rate of coral Acropora cerealis in Biorock Method","full_search","4","4",NA,"Biorock is one of transplantation method which succesfull in coral reef restoration activities. The result of any research in several countries has been proven that biorock technology is capable to accelerate growth and increases the survival rate of coral reef ecosystem in extreme environmental conditions. The objective of this research out the effects of electrical voltage difference and initial fragment size in biorock transplantation method toward coral growth and survival rate. The materials observed in this study were fragments of coral Acropora cerealis in Pemuteran Beach, Bali. The study was conducted by using field experiment method and the coral transplantation method were carried out by using biorock technology. The main parameters were the growth and survival rate of the coral. Supporting data in this study were water physical and chemical parameters, including: temperature, salinity, pH, mineral sedimentation, and brightness. In addition, the highest growth and survival rate could be seen in 6 volt biorock method on both fragment sizes.","10.15406/jamb.2016.04.00086","https://lens.org/028-069-137-673-890 and https://medcraveonline.com/JAMB/JAMB-04-00086.pdf"
"79","12684085","19150","JOUR","Poquita-Du, Rosa Celia and Toh, Kok Ben and Toh, Tai Chong and Ng, Chin Soon Lionel and Taira, Daisuke and Loke, Hai Xin and Afiq-Rosli, Lutfi and Chou, Loke Ming and Song, Tiancheng and Cabaitan, Patrick C.","2017","Effects of nursery table slope orientation on coral survival and growth","full_search","13","9","975-982","Transplanting nursery-reared corals is among one of the most common approaches to assist the recovery of degraded reefs. The nursery phase is considered essential for providing a favourable environment for coral fragments to grow into suitable sizes before transplantation to natural reef substrates. Several types of coral nursery designs have been used, but the effect of nursery table slope orientation on survival and growth of coral fragments has not been fully evaluated. Survival and growth of coral fragments from four species (Pectinia paeonia, Podabacia crustacea, Pocillopora acuta, Merulina ampliata) on three inclinations of nursery table top (horizontal (0°), diagonal (45°) and vertical (90°)) were monitored over six months. The effects of slope orientation on survival and growth of fragments were not significant among species except P. acuta, for which survivorship and growth decreased significantly only on vertical nursery tables. The conditions required for coral propagation, such as slope orientation of nursery tables and the initial size of fragments, clearly differ among species due to their inherent attributes and restoration success will greatly benefit from empirical studies derived from a wider range of species.","10.1080/17451000.2017.1322703","https://lens.org/137-960-329-289-863 and https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/doi/pdf/10.1080/17451000.2017.1322703"
"80","12684028","15255","JOUR","Dubininkas, V.","2017","Effects of substratum on the growth and survivorship of Montipora capitata and Porites lobata transplants","full_search","486",NA,"134-139","Artificial transplantation of corals is a common method used to restore damaged or unhealthy coral assemblages. Though a number of studies have successfully transplanted coral fragments, there is no general consensus on the type of substratum to be used. The present study focused on the growth and survivorship of Montipora capitata (rice coral) and Porites lobata (lobe coral) fragments, which were transplanted onto different natural and synthetic substrata. No significant differences in coenosarc tissue growth or survivorship were observed between the species. Measurements after 184 days of growth, found transplant growth to be significantly higher on rhyolite breccia and amorphous coral skeletons than on black 'A'(a) over bar lava. Nevertheless, no significant differences were observed between any of the other substrata. After 365 days of growth, survivorship was also observed to not be significantly different between substrata; with the only exception of being lower on glass substratum. It is hypothesized that success in a coral reef restoration project is largely determined by the actual coral fragmentation and transplantation process; as no distinct substratum affinity was observed for M. capitata and P. lobata transplants. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","10.1016/j.jembe.2016.10.004","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991721041&doi=10.1016%2fj.jembe.2016.10.004&partnerID=40&md5=d48de149763800a101c9fd51168e3442 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002209811630185X?via%3Dihub"
"81","12684012","13241","JOUR","Montano, S. and Dehnert, I. and Seveso, D. and Maggioni, D. and Montalbetti, E. and Strona, G. and Siena, F. and Amir, H. and Antoine, A. and Marino-Ramirez, C. and Saponari, L. and Shah, N. J. and Molina, R. A. and Ortega, A. A. and Galli, P. and Montoya-Maya, P. H.","2022","Effects of the COVID-19 lockdowns on the management of coral restoration projects","full_search","30","8","e13646","Coral restoration initiatives are gaining significant momentum in a global effort to enhance the recovery of degraded coral reefs. However, the implementation and upkeep of coral nurseries are particularly demanding, so that unforeseen breaks in maintenance operations might jeopardize well-established projects. In the last 2 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a temporary yet prolonged abandonment of several coral gardening infrastructures worldwide, including remote localities. Here we provide a first assessment of the potential impacts of monitoring and maintenance breakdown in a suite of coral restoration projects (based on floating rope nurseries) in Colombia, Seychelles, and Maldives. Our study comprises nine nurseries from six locations, hosting a total of 3,554 fragments belonging to three coral genera, that were left unsupervised for a period spanning from 29 to 61 weeks. Floating nursery structures experienced various levels of damage, and total fragment survival spanned from 40 to 95% among projects, with Pocillopora showing the highest survival rate in all locations present. Overall, our study shows that, under certain conditions, abandoned coral nurseries can remain functional for several months without suffering critical failure from biofouling and hydrodynamism. Still, even where gardening infrastructures were only marginally affected, the unavoidable interruptions in data collection have slowed down ongoing project progress, diminishing previous investments and reducing future funding opportunities. These results highlight the need to increase the resilience and self-sufficiency of coral restoration projects, so that the next global lockdown will not further shrink the increasing efforts to prevent coral reefs from disappearing.","10.1111/rec.13646","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126045420&doi=10.1111%2frec.13646&partnerID=40&md5=6292815b37a645b28d6a13653cb9e5d8 and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/rec.13646"
"82","12683949","2614","JOUR","Lee, Chloe and Caroselli, Erik and Toffolo, Mariana Machado and Mancuso, Arianna and Marchini, Chiara and Meschini, Marta and Goffredo, Stefano","2023","Eight years of community structure monitoring through recreational citizen science at the ""SS Thistlegorm"" wreck (Red Sea)","full_search","18","3","e0282239","Large artificial coral reef communities, such as those thriving on sunken shipwrecks, tend to mirror those of nearby natural coral reefs and their long-term dynamics may help future reef resilience to environmental change. We examined the community structure of the world-renown ""SS Thistlegorm"" wreck in the northern Red Sea from 2007 through 2014, analyzing data collected during the recreational citizen science Red Sea monitoring project ""Scuba Tourism for the Environment"". Volunteer divers collected data on 6 different diving parameters which included the date of the dive, maximum depth, average depth, temperature, dive time, hour of dive, and gave an abundance estimation of sighted taxa from a list of 72 target taxa. Although yearly variations in community structure were significant, there was no clear temporal trend, and 71 of all 72 target taxa were sighted throughout the 8 years. The 5 main taxa driving variations among year clusters in taxa presence/absence (Soft Tree Coral-Dendronephthya spp., Giant Moray-Gymnothorax javanicus, Squirrel Fish-Sargocentron spp., Humpback Batfish-Platax spp., and Caranxes-Carangidae) and taxa abundance (Soft Tree Coral, Giant Moray, Red Sea Clownfish-Amphiprion bicinctus, Napoleon Wrasse-Cheilinus undulatus, and Caranxes) data were determined. The ""SS Thistlegorm"" provides a compelling example of how artificial coral reefs can sustain a well-established community structure similar to those of their natural counterparts.","10.1371/journal.pone.0282239","https://lens.org/007-835-277-258-339 and https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0282239&type=printable"
"83","12683938","11727","JOUR","Linden, B. and Rinkevich, B.","2017","Elaborating an eco-engineering approach for stock enhanced sexually derived coral colonies","full_search","486",NA,"314-321","Despite all traditional conservation management efforts, coral reefs worldwide continue to face a future of degradation and destruction. Current studies call for the augmentation of coral reef management with restoration practices, particularly alternative reef management approaches, such as the 'coral gardening' tenet of active reef restoration. This includes the stock creation of sexually derived coral colonies and their mariculture in mid-water coral nurseries. In this study, single and aggregated (resulting in non-fusion and chimeric entities) spats of the branching coral Stylophora pistillata were studied. Planula larvae were settled and spat were reared ex situ for 50-75 days before they were transplanted to the in situ mid-water nursery in Eilat, Israel, where they were followed for up to two years, showing a very low (<2%) detachment rate. Spats were cultured in horizontal and vertical orientations, in caged (for the first 9 nursery months) and noncaged scenarios, and on two nursery beddings (nets and ropes). Caging of horizontally situated young spats on the net substrate resulted in the highest survival (>80% after 2 years). Corals farmed in a vertical orientation had the lowest survival rate of the caged experiments (36.7%) but showed that chimeric/aggregated entities performed significantly better than the single colonies. The uncaged experiments had low (32.7%) to zero surviving spats after two years in situ. The surviving colonies reared under the uncaged conditions were significantly smaller than the caged colonies after the 9 months in situ 'caging period'. Generally, the placement of the young spats in the mid-water nursery resulted in high growth rates: After two years in situ, coral colony diameter increased from 0.1 cm to 8.16 1.58 cm for the vertical caged scenario, and 7.08 +/- 1.72 cm, 7.02 +/- 1.48 cm for the two caged horizontal designs (HN and HR). This is nearly twice the growth rate observed in natal colonies. The midwater coral nursery is a much cheaper solution for growing corals compared to ex situ water tables, which require high maintenance and expensive facilities to mimic in situ conditions. Non-caged coral stocks showed reduced survival and growth rates, similar to previously published results. The culturing of caged spats in a horizontal position in a midwater nursery exponentially augment survival and growth rates, thus enhancing stock creation yields. This offers new possibilities for creating stocks of sexually derived spats from eco-engineering coral species such as S. pistillata. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","10.1016/j.jembe.2016.10.014","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/elaborating-eco-engineering-approach-stock/docview/1850769549/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098116301964?via%3Dihub"
"84","12683830","13594","JOUR","Gilbert, A. and Heintz, T. and Hoeksema, B. W. and Benzoni, F. and Fernandez, J. M. and Fauvelot, C. and Andrefouet, S.","2015","Endangered New Caledonian endemic mushroom coral Cantharellus noumeae in turbid, metal-rich, natural and artificial environments","full_search","100","1","359-369","Since its description in 1984, little attention has been paid to the New Caledonian endemic mushroom coral Cantharellus noumeae (Fungiidae), an IUCN Red-listed, endangered coral species. Our study presents the first ever quantitative assessment conducted on C. noumeae populations for two contrasting sites in the same turbid bay. Sites differed by their substrates of artificial or natural origins. Metal concentrations of superficial sediment were measured. C noumeae was found in high densities in metal-rich and turbid environments at both locations, reaching up to 288 individuals per 50 m(2). It was 3.5 times more abundant on natural rock than on artificial substrates. Recruitment was also higher proportionally on rock (47% vs 7-14%). The composition of the associated coral communities included 30-37 species occurring in low densities. Our findings clarify the environmental niche of this species and its colonization potential, in order to eventually better characterize its conservation status. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.024","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1040462716 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X15005287?via%3Dihub"
"85","12683759","230","JOUR","Smith, Adam and Songcuan, Al Jayson and Cook, Nathan and Brown, Rachelle and Cook, Kailash and Richardson, Reuben","2022","Engineering, ecological and social monitoring of the largest underwater sculpture in the world at John Brewer Reef, Australia","full_search","10","11","1617-1617","The largest underwater sculpture in the world, the ‘Coral Greenhouse’ by artist Jason deCaires Taylor, was commissioned by the Museum of Underwater Art and installed at John Brewer Reef, Australia, in December 2019. The planning process required certified engineering design drawings associated with design life, durability and suitability of materials, and baseline ecological surveys. Following approval, the operational phase required annual monitoring of substrate, ecology, social values, and marine debris. We geo-referenced three permanent transects and designed a before/after rapid monitoring assessment of substrate, fish, and invertebrates. Substrate surveys indicated 11% concrete and 89% sand. Fish surveys indicated significant increases of diversity and abundance, with 12 species and 65 individuals recorded in 2018 compared to 46 species and 365 individuals recorded in 2022. Macroinvertebrate species maintained no significant trends in abundance, species richness, and diversity with respect to time between 2018 and 2022. We monitored coral restoration and natural recruitment at the site, measuring aesthetics, survivorship of planted corals, and coral recruitment. Of 131 corals transplanted in March 2020, survivorship was 100% at 1 month, 92% at 6 months, and 91.6% at 12 months. Hard and soft corals were recruited to the structure at a density of 8.35 hard corals/m2 and 10.9 soft corals/m2 over 26 months.","10.3390/jmse10111617","https://lens.org/171-370-412-835-258 and https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/jmse/jmse-10-01617/article_deploy/jmse-10-01617.pdf?version=1667307597"
"86","12683740","18648","JOUR","Hong, Sunghoon and Choi, Yun-Shik and Kim, Taeyoon and Lee, Gwang Soo and Hur, Dong-Soo and Kwon, Soonchul","2019","The enhanced mitigation of coastal erosion using the artificial coral reefs","full_search","91","sp1","11-15","Hong, S.; Choi, Y.; Kim, T.; Lee, G.S.; Hur, D.S., and Kwon, S., 2019. The enhanced mitigation of coastal erosion using the artificial coral reefs. In: Lee, J.L.; Yoon, J.-S.; Cho, W.C.; Muin, M., and Lee, J. (eds.), The 3rd International Water Safety Symposium. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 91, pp. 11-15. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The increase of the sea level, coastal development, and secondary damages caused by hard structures have threatened the coastal resilience recently. To cope with these problems, we introduced an alternative method using a soft structure of a ductile-type submerged breakwater named artificial coral reefs (ACRs). We performed two-dimensional hydraulic experiments to verify the reduction efficiency of the wave transmission rate compared with that of a natural seabed and tetrapod (TTP) structure. In particular, we carried out spectral analysis using the Joint Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) energy spectrum to determine the peak value of the wave energy. We found that the transmission rate and peak value of the wave are 26.0% and 44.3%, respectively, under ordinary wave conditions, which suggests that ACRs cost-effectively have a suitable wave attenuation efficiency to replace TTP structure for recovering coastline. Finally, the results reveal that crown depth of the structure plays a key role in wave energy attenuation.","10.2112/si91-003.1","https://lens.org/115-455-419-440-12X and https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-coastal-research/volume-91/issue-sp1/SI91-003.1/The-Enhanced-Mitigation-of-Coastal-Erosion-Using-the-Artificial-Coral/10.2112/SI91-003.1.pdf"
"87","12683715","5304","JOUR","Villanueva, Ronald D. and Edwards, Alasdair J. and Bell, Johann D.","2010","Enhancement of grazing gastropod populations as a coral reef restoration tool: Predation effects and related applied implications","full_search","18","6","803-809","We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the gastropod grazer Trochus niloticus in controlling epilithic algae and enhancing coral recruitment on artificial substrata on coral reefs where the biomass of herbivorous fishes was low due to heavy fishing pressure. Hatchery-reared, subadult trochus were stocked onto pallet balls (small artificial reefs composed of concrete and limestone aggregate) at a density of approximately four individuals per square meter (external surface area). This density was re-established with releases of new trochus each month for 6 months. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences in algal biomass, cover and community composition, or the density of coral recruits on substrata with and without trochus. High monthly attrition of stocked trochus on the pallet balls, apparently due mainly to predation by octopus, did not allow the evaluation of the efficiency of the trochus enhancement, at the desired density, as a restoration tool. However, at the lower trochus densities (circa 1 m-2), which occurred as a result of predation in this study, no apparent enhancement of algal grazing or coral recruitment were observed. The surprisingly high predation of stocked trochus in a heavily fished and gleaned reef site stresses the importance of understanding all the factors affecting the survival of stocked animals. To help mitigate predation of trochus, artificial habitat with refuge spaces that allow the grazers to escape predation could be provided and individuals of a larger size could be released.","https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00742.x","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/enhancement-grazing-gastropod-populations-as/docview/851462486/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00742.x"
"88","12683705","12740","JOUR","Randall, C. J. and Giuliano, C. and Heyward, A. J. and Negri, A. P.","2021","Enhancing coral survival on deployment devices with microrefugia","full_search","8",NA,"662263","Surviving after settlement through the first year of life is a recognised bottleneck in up-scaling reef coral restoration. Incorporating spatial refugia in settlement devices has the potential to alleviate some hazards experienced by young recruits, such as predation and accidental grazing, and can increase the likelihood of survival to size-escape thresholds. Yet optimising the design of microrefugia is challenging due to the complexity of physical and biological processes that occur at fine spatial scales around a recruit. Here, we investigated the effects of microhabitat features on the survival of Acropora tenuis spat in a year-long experimental field deployment of two types of artificial settlement devices-grooved-tiles and lattice-grids-onto three replicate racks on a shallow, central mid-shelf reef of the Great Barrier Reef. Spat survival across device types averaged between 2 and 39% and about half of all devices had at least one surviving coral after a year. While the larvae settled across all micro-habitats available on the devices, there was strong post-settlement selection for corals on the lower edges, lower surfaces, and in the grooves, with 100% mortality of recruits on upper surfaces, nearly all within the first 6 months of deployment. The device type that conferred the highest average survival (39%) was a tile with wide grooves (4 mm) cut all the way through, which significantly improved survival success over flat and comparatively featureless control tiles (13%). We hypothesise that the wide grooves provided protection from accidental grazing while also minimising sediment accumulation and allowing higher levels of light and water flow to reach the recruits than featureless control devices. We conclude that incorporating design features into deployment devices such as wide slits has the potential to substantially increase post-deployment survival success of restored corals.","10.3389/fmars.2021.662263","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1137961285"
"89","12683692","5573","JOUR","Kihara, Kazuyoshi and Taniguchi, Hiroki and Koibuchi, Yukio and Yamamoto, Satoru and Kondo, Yasufumi and Hosokawa, Yasushi","2014","Enhancing settlement and growth of corals using feeble electrochemical method","full_search","15","Supplement","323-329","Considerable interest has been generated by the potential application of electric-fields to promote settlement of coral larvae and enhance growth rates of coral juveniles. Also, it has been reported that when an electric current is run through an attached iron base, coating by the resultant accretion of minerals through electrochemical processes, promotes the growth and survival of transplanted coral fragments. However, further investigations are required due to currently very limited scientific evidence. In the present study, the optimal range of electric current density for coral growth was investigated through field observations in Okinawa. It was found that naturally settled reef-building corals on the surface of a floating pontoon, on which an electrical treatment was applied to prevent corrosion, grew faster in the areas where the actual electric current density was greater than 10mA/m super(2). An in situ experiment was, then, carried out on coral fragments that were attached to four iron-framed structures installed on the seabed with different feeble current densities. As a result, the coral fragments with the current density of 20 similar to 100mA/m super(2) showed relatively, but not always, faster growth than others. It was suggested that adverse effects might occur under strong electric currents. On the other hand, larvae exhibited far greater settlement affinity for the mineral accreted substrates without electric current than for the unglazed ceramic plates.","https://doi.org/10.3755/galaxea.15.323","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/enhancing-settlement-growth-corals-using-feeble/docview/1551613813/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/galaxea/15/Supplement/15_323/_pdf"
"90","12683690","5231","JOUR","Ng, Chin Soon Lionel and Lim, Swee Cheng and Ong, Joo Yong and Teo, Lay Ming Serena and Chou, Loke Ming and Chua, Kok Eng and Tan, Koh Siang","2015","Enhancing the biodiversity of coastal defence structures: transplantation of nursery-reared reef biota onto intertidal seawalls","full_search","82",NA,"480-486","Natural coastlines around the world are increasingly being modified and replaced by breakwaters, revetments and seawalls. Although such infrastructure is primarily intended to protect existing and new shorelines from erosion, such coastal defence structures can also serve as viable habitats for biological communities. In this study, the feasibility of transplanting reef biota to the intertidal zone of seawalls was explored. Fragments of hard corals (Porites lobata, Pocillopora damicornis, Hydnophora rigida, Diploastrea heliopora, Goniastrea minuta), soft corals (Cladiella sp., Lobophytum sp., Sinularia sp.) and sponges (Rhabdastrella globostellata, Spongia ceylonensis, Lendenfeldia chondrodes) were collected and reared in an ex situ mariculture facility. They were then transferred and affixed to intertidal surfaces of a seawall located on a small island off Changi, Singapore. Survivorship was significantly different between G. minuta and D. heliopora fragments transplanted on the seawall for 13 months (90% vs 10%; chi 2 =42.29, p <0.001). For the remaining nine species transplanted for 24 months, survivorship was significantly different among the hard corals ( chi 2 =19.59), soft corals ( chi 2 =41.94) and sponges ( chi 2 =50.97) (all p <0.001). Among the nine species, transplants of the soft coral Lobophytum, the sponge L. chondrodes and the hard coral P. lobata fared the best, registering high overall survivorship (87.5%, 68.1%, and 47.4%, respectively), long mean survival times (21.6 months, 17.8 months, and 12.3 months, respectively), and fast growth (50-fold, 23-fold and 10-fold increases in size, respectively) 24 months post-transplantation. In contrast, Pocillopora damicornis, H. rigida and R. globostellata were unable to establish on the seawall, with all transplants of the former two species perishing within two months, and those of the latter species succumbing 18 months after transplantation. Overall, species with massive and encrusting growth forms were most successful at establishing on the seawall, and were even observed to function as food and shelter for reef fish and gastropods. These results indicate that the transplantation of nursery-reared reef biota is a viable strategy that enhances the ecological value of seawalls.","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.05.016","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/enhancing-biodiversity-coastal-defence-structures/docview/1712583671/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857415300409?via%3Dihub"
"91","12683628","15445","JOUR","Morley, Danielle M. and Sherman, Robin L. and Jordan, Lance K. B. and Banks, Kenneth and Quinn, T. Patrick and Spieler, Richard E.","2008","Environmental enhancement gone awry: Characterization of an artificial reef constructed from waste vehicle tires","full_search","99",NA,"73-87","In 1967, Broward County, Florida resource managers initiated a project to construct an artificial reef using an estimated two million unballasted waste vehicle tires. These tires were deployed in bundles approximately 1.8km offshore in 21m of water. Over time, the bundle bindings failed and the tires have moved extensively, some displaced kilometers from their original location. The loose tires have physically damaged benthic reef fauna on the natural reef, including corals that have recruited onto individual tires. Due to the biological damage caused by the mobile tires, a large-scale removal plan has been initiated. To assess damage, and to acquire a baseline to evaluate the effectiveness of the tire removal, an examination of existing biota was accomplished. Live corals were absent on the natural substrate of the Middle reef edge buried by tires. However, on tires the abundance of corals is similar to that found on neighboring hardbottom reef tracts. Likewise, fish abundance and richness on the tire reef is similar to bordering natural reef tracts. Significantly higher fish abundance was found along the edge where tires were present, than on control sites. Future monitoring will determine what changes in reef biota resulted from the removal operation and the effectiveness of the attempted restoration.","10.2495/cenv080071","https://lens.org/047-201-341-896-623 and https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/CENV08/CENV08007FU1.pdf"
"92","12683549","4831","JOUR","Torquato, Felipe and Omerspahic, Mustafa H. and Range, Pedro and Bach, Steffen S. and Riera, Rodrigo and Ben-Hamadou, Radhouane","2021","Epibenthic communities from offshore platforms in the Arabian Gulf are structured by platform age and depth","full_search","173","Pt A","112935","Oil and gas platforms act as artificial habitats for a myriad of marine organisms. In this study, we used opportunistic remotely operated vehicle (ROV) data to describe fouling assemblages through the characterization of functional groups in the Al Shaheen oil field, situated in Qatari waters. The surveys showed a strong vertical stratification, with the number of functional groups increasing from the surface to the bottom. In addition, the majority of functional groups had their highest frequency of occurrence in the 35-60 m interval. In turn, multivariate analyses showed a slight structure among platforms with different ages. The lowest number of functional groups occurred in the early ages (2-3 years old), and some groups either increased or decreased their frequency and abundance along the years. A step further is now required to determine whether these platform foundations should be converted to reefs after their decommissioning (i.e., Rigs to Reefs approach).","10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112935","https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025326X21009693 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X21009693?via%3Dihub"
"93","12683527","12052","JOUR","Masucci, G. D. and Acierno, A. and Reimer, J. D.","2020","Eroding diversity away: Impacts of a tetrapod breakwater on a subtropical coral reef","full_search","30","2","290-302","Artificial barriers for coastal protection have been deployed across numerous tropical and subtropical islands in the Pacific, including Okinawa Island, southern Japan, where artificial defences have been installed along a large part of the coastline. Although artificial barriers can lead to beach narrowing or loss and can exacerbate erosion, their effects on coral reef ecosystems remain understudied. This study investigated the impact of a tetrapod breakwater in Ogimi Village, Okinawa Island, Japan, comparing the area affected by the presence of the barrier with a nearby natural coastline, and examining differences in physical parameters (depth profiles, sediment granulometry, and erosion on plaster balls) and benthic community composition. Significant differences in depth profiles, sediment granulometry, and erosion were found, suggestive of alterations in water energy levels (lower than controls on the landward side of the barrier, and higher on the seaward side). The benthic community was also clearly affected, with almost no living corals growing over the blocks or in their proximity. Overall, the data show how breakwaters can affect the physical environment and benthic communities in a subtropical coral reef ecosystem, with negative consequences for coral survival.","10.1002/aqc.3249","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077164408&doi=10.1002%2faqc.3249&partnerID=40&md5=4dc401b1b34b0cb3d4f07a85295cb18c and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/aqc.3249"
"94","12683420","12570","JOUR","Levy, N. and Simon-Blecher, N. and Ben-Ezra, S. and Yuval, M. and Doniger, T. and Leray, M. and Karako-Lampert, S. and Tarazi, E. and Levy, O.","2023","Evaluating biodiversity for coral reef reformation and monitoring on complex 3D structures using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding","full_search","856","Pt 2","159051","Quantifying coral reef biodiversity is challenging for cryptofauna and organisms in early life stages. We demonstrate the utility of eDNA metabarcoding as a tool for comprehensively evaluating invertebrate communities on complex 3D structures for reef reformation, and the role these structures play in provisioning habitat for organisms. 3D design and printing were used to create 18 complex tiles, which were used to form artificial reef structures. eDNA was col-lected from scraping tile surfaces for organismal biomass and from seawater samples around the artificial reefs in the Gulf of Eilat/Aqaba, Red Sea. Metabarcoding targeted the mitochondrial COI gene with specific primers for marine biodiversity. We provide the first eDNA biodiversity baseline for the Gulf of Eilat/Aqaba, capturing extensive informa-tion on species abundance, richness, and diversity. Tile tops had higher phylogenetic diversity and richness, despite a higher abundance of organisms on tile bottoms, highlighting the detection of cryptic organisms with eDNA. We recom-mend eDNA metabarcoding for reef restoration initiatives, especially for complex marine structures, to improve suc-cess and evaluation of biodiversity.","10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159051","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139314435&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2022.159051&partnerID=40&md5=c6ebd5814a64fbb19c50bbbbc47168b7 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969722061502?via%3Dihub"
"95","12683330","3445","JOUR","O'Donnell, Kelli E. and Lohr, Kathryn E. and Bartels, Erich and Patterson, Joshua T.","2017","Evaluation of staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis, Lamarck 1816) production techniques in an ocean-based nursery with consideration of coral genotype","full_search","487",NA,"53-58","Staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis is an important framework-building species that has declined severely throughout the Caribbean since the early 1980s. This species is now widely cultured in ocean-based nurseries to restore degraded populations. A variety of techniques have been adopted to grow A. cervicornis for restoration purposes, however the effect of each of these methods on nursery-reared corals is not well-understood. In particular, systematic evaluation of nursery-reared A. cervicornis between water column-suspended and benthic-attached culture methods is lacking. To better understand the effect of these techniques, a one-year A. cervicornis propagation experiment in the Florida Keys was conducted to compare growth, condition, and survivorship between common suspended (i.e. tree) and benthic-attached (i.e. block) grow-out methods. The effect of coral genotype on growth was also considered. Colonies were measured and monitored monthly from December 2014 until November 2015, when only three colonies had survived an extreme bleaching event. Colonies on trees grew up to three times faster than those on blocks and the location of colonies on trees did not affect growth. Genotype had a significant effect on colony growth, which was consistent across grow-out methods. Interestingly, colonies grown on blocks bleached sooner but survived longer than those on trees. These findings contribute to a growing understanding of A. cervicornis nursery culture, and could aid in the selection of culture methods and genotypes for coral nurseries throughout the wider Caribbean.","10.1016/j.jembe.2016.11.013","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1016077870 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098116302829?via%3Dihub"
"96","12683327","1183","JOUR","Patterson, Joshua T. and Flint, Mark and Than, John T. and Watson, Craig A.","2016","Evaluation of substrate properties for settlement of caribbean staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis larvae in a land-based system","full_search","78","4","337-345","Stony coral culture has recently been the focus of increasing interest and effort, with most production taking place by asexual reproduction through fragmentation. In corals grown for reef restoration, techniques for sexual propagation offer the potential to increase genetic diversity of species for which this is a concern. After decades of population decline, the Caribbean staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis was listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 2006, along with its congener, elkhorn coral A. palmata. We used practical large-scale, land-based culture conditions with aquaria set up in a choice/no-choice design to test three substrate properties for their influence on settlement and metamorphosis in staghorn coral planula larvae. This transitional life stage is critical for sexual reproduction and currently represents a culture bottleneck. A total of 999 live primary polyps were produced across all experimental substrates. Planula larvae showed significant preference for substrates that were biologically conditioned, top oriented, and rugose. Conditioning was essentially prerequisite for settlement and metamorphosis, with orientation and texture also affecting larval settling. Although the ideal combination of substrate properties produced lower settling and metamorphosis rates than those observed in smaller-scale culture experiments with elkhorn coral, results are informative in the development of reliable aquaculture techniques for sexual propagation of Caribbean Acropora in land-based systems.","10.1080/15222055.2016.1185068","https://lens.org/002-531-689-123-225 and https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15222055.2016.1185068"
"97","12683308","13450","JOUR","Mostrales, T. P. I. and Rollon, R. N. and Licuanan, W. Y.","2022","Evaluation of the performance and cost-effectiveness of coral microfragments in covering artificial habitats","full_search","184",NA,"106770","Microfragmentation is a potentially more versatile method of increasing coral cover. While recent studies have evaluated the performance of microfragments of massive corals, data on other growth forms is still lacking. More research regarding the applications of microfragmentation is also needed. In this study, the feasibility of coral microfragments from three genera in covering three artificial habitat designs was examined empirically in western Luzon Island, The Philippines. Ceramic tiles containing nine microfragments each of Acropora, Porites, and Merulina were transplanted onto the cube, truncated pyramid, and jackstone concrete modules and monitored for growth and mortality over five months. The cost-effectiveness of microfragmentation of three coral genera was then compared using spreadsheet models. Microfragmentation, coral gardening, and larval enhancement were also compared using similar models. Acropora had the highest coral cover and mortality rates, with cover averaging 30.24 +/- 16.17 cm2, more than twice the cover achieved by Porites and Merulina. However, Porites and Merulina had lower mortality rates. Significant differences in coral performance were also observed, including high dislodgement for all three coral genera at particular sites and artificial habitat designs. Comparisons of models suggest larval enhancement is most cost-effective, requiring <1 % of the number of coral colonies compared to coral gardening while only costing 2.2 times as much. Microfragment mortality and dislodgement must be addressed before the widespread use of microfragmentation is recommended. The study emphasizes the importance of carefully designing an intervention effort to the specific local environmental conditions.","10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106770","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137158698&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoleng.2022.106770&partnerID=40&md5=f3343fd0fcdc78d63465dc5d3235fdd2 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857422002312?via%3Dihub"
"98","12683133","5930","JOUR","Latypov, YuYa and Ly, B. M. and Hoang, L. H. and Long, P. Q. and Khoa, N. B.","2013","Experimental artificial cultivation of corals from colony fragments","full_search","39","2","148-152","In 2010-2011, experimental commercial cultivation of 14 species of hermatypic corals was carried out using the method of donor colony fragmentation. The transplants successfully survived on experimental frame installations. The coral colonies that were recovered from the fragments became attached to the frame installations in a similar way to their attachment on natural substrata. After 1 year, the size of the trans-plants was found to have increased by 275%. The newly formed artificial coral community was colonized by the damselfish Dascyllus reticulates (Pomacentridae); the species is a common coral fish species that lives on natural reefs.","https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074013020053","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/experimental-artificial-cultivation-corals-colony/docview/1427005884/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://link-springer-com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/content/pdf/10.1134/S1063074013020053.pdf"
"99","12683131","1880","JOUR","Fox, Helen E. and Mous, Peter J. and Pet, Jos S. and Muljadi, Andreas H. and Caldwell, Roy L.","2005","Experimental assessment of coral reef rehabilitation following blast fishing","full_search","19","1","98-107","Abstract: Illegal fishing with explosives has damaged coral reefs throughout Southeast Asia. In addition to killing fish and other organisms, the blasts shatter coral skeletons, leaving fields of broken rubble that shift in the current, abrading or burying new coral recruits, and thereby slowing or preventing reef recovery. Successful restoration and rehabilitation efforts can contribute to coral reef conservation. We used field experiments to assess the effectiveness of different low‐cost methods for coral reef rehabilitation in Komodo National Park (KNP), Indonesia. Our experiments were conducted at three different spatial scales. At a scale of 1 × 1 m plots, we tested three different rehabilitation methods: rock piles, cement slabs, and netting pinned to the rubble. Significantly more corals per square meter grew on rocks, followed by cement, netting, and untreated rubble, although many plots were scattered by strong water current or buried by rubble after 2.5 years. To test the benefits of the most successful treatment, rocks, at more realistic scales, we established 10 × 10 m plots of rock piles at each of our nine sites in 2000. Three years after installation, coverage by hard corals on the rocks continued to increase, although rehabilitation in high current areas remained the most difficult. In 2002 rehabilitation efforts in KNP were increased over 6000 m2 to test four rock pile designs at each of four rubble field sites. Assuming that there is an adequate larval supply, using rocks for simple, low‐budget, large‐scale rehabilitation appears to be a viable option for restoring the structural foundation of damaged reefs. Resumen: La pesca ilegal con explosivos ha dañado a arrecifes de coral en el sureste de Asia. Además de matar a peces y otros organismos, las explosiones destruyen esqueletos de corales, dejando campos de escombros rotos que se mueven con la corriente, erosionando o enterrando a reclutas de coral nuevos y por lo tanto disminuyen o previenen la recuperación del coral. Esfuerzos exitosos de restauración y rehabilitación pueden contribuir a la conservación de arrecifes de coral. Usamos experimentos de campo para evaluar la efectividad de diferentes métodos de bajo costo para la rehabilitación de arrecifes de coral en el Parque Nacional Komodo (PNK), Indonesia. Desarrollamos nuestros experimentos en tres escalas espaciales diferentes. A una escala de parcelas de 1 x 1 m, probamos tres métodos de rehabilitación: pilas de rocas, losas de cemento y redes sobre el escombro. Crecieron significativamente más corales por metro cuadrado sobre rocas, seguido por el cemento, redes y escombro sin tratamiento, aunque muchas parcelas fueron dispersadas por la fuerte corriente de agua o enterradas por escombros después de 2.5 años. Para probar los beneficios del tratamiento más exitoso, rocas, a escalas más realistas, en 2000 establecimos parcelas de 10 x10 m con pilas de rocas en cada unos de nuestros nueve sitios. Tres años después, la cobertura de corales duros sobre las rocas continuó incrementando, aunque la rehabilitación en áreas con corrientes fuertes fue la más difícil. En 2002, los esfuerzos de rehabilitación en PNK se incrementaron a 6000 m2 para probar cuatro diseños de pilas de rocas en cada uno de los cuatro sitios con escombros. Asumiendo que hay una adecuada existencia de larvas, la utilización de rocas para rehabilitación simple, de bajo costo y gran escala parece ser una opción viable para la restauración de la base estructural de arrecifes dañados.","10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00261.x","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1041266752 and https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00261.x"
"100","12682769","8938","JOUR","Lalamentik, L. T. X. and Kepel, R. C. and Lumingas, L. J. L. and Rembet, U. N. W. J. and Pratasik, S. B. and Mantiri, D. M. H.","2020","Faviidae coral colonization living and growing on agricultural waste-materialized artificial substrate","full_search","13","2","910-918","A study on colonization of Faviidae corals on the agricultural waste-materialized artificial substrate was conducted in Selat Besar, Ratatotok district, southeast Minahasa regency, North Sulawesi. Nine artificial substrates modules made of mixture of cement, sand, padi husk, and bamboo were placed for about 5 years on the sea bottom of Selat Besar waters. All corals of family Faviidae found on the artificial substrate were collected. Results showed that Faviidae corals could live and develop on those substrates. Fifteen species of 8 genera of family Faviidae were recorded in the present study, Dipsastraea pallida, D. laxa, D. matthaii, Favites pentagona, F. complanata, Paragoniastrea russelli, Oulophyllia bennettae, Echinopora gemmacea, E. lamellosa, Goniastrea stelligera, G. favulus, G. pectinata, Coelastrea aspera, Platygyra daedalea, and P. sinensis. Mean number of colonies of Faviidae corals was 3 col mod-1, while mean diameter of the corals attached on the artificial substrate was 2.35 cm long. The distribution pattern of Faviidae corals was uniform. The diversity of Faviidae corals on the artificial substrate was low (H’ = 2.568). The dominance index showed no dominant species (D = 0.089). In addition, the artificial substrate module in this study could become an alternative technique to rehabilitate the degraded coral reefs. © 2020, BIOFLUX SRL. All rights reserved.",NA,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085474540&partnerID=40&md5=915045dc1f5b20fbbde6cffbb1a86977"
"101","12682677","12438","JOUR","Mathews, G. and Raj, K. D. and Laju, R. L. and Bharath, M. S. and Kumar, P. D. and Arasamuthu, A. and Asir, N. G. G. and Kumar, T. K. A. and Jayanthi, M. and Edward, J. K. P.","2021","First approach to the characterization of the ecological succession on perforated trapezoidal multi-purpose reef modules: Building climate resilience","full_search","210",NA,"105669","The study reports the colonization and ecological succession of epibenthic communities on perforated trapezoidal Artificial Reef (AR) modules deployed in Vaan Island of Gulf of Mannar, southeast India. These AR communities assist in building climate resilience among the coastal ecosystems, which have faced severe climate change impacts during the last decade. Based on wave dynamics modeling studies, 10,600 modules were deployed in two layers to protect the Island from beach erosion and to enhance biodiversity. Randomly selected modules were subject to continuous monitoring from 2015 to 2020 to understand the ecological succession of the epibenthic communities. Hard corals turned out to be the dominant epibenthic category with 76.01 no.modulexe213; 1(SE +/- 2.16) by 2020. A total of 37 coral species belonging to 16 genera were found inhabiting the modules at the end of five years. The other major epibenthic categories were molluscs, hydroids, sponges, ascidians, octocorals and echinoderms with a total density of 40.44 no.modulexe213; 1(SE +/- 1.41) by 2020. A couple of years after the deployment, when hard corals started to flourish on the AR modules, the density of other epibenthic categories began to decline. A comparison of the numbers of epibenthic organisms on the inner and outer layers of AR modules reveals that the inner layer has a larger epibenthic community. After five years, the AR modules have started to act as coral refugia and are expected to create reef ecosystem analogous to natural reefs. The modules also provide the much needed topographic complexity for the fish to move in. This planned deployment not only helped in reef recovery and enhancement of associated biodiversity in Gulf of Mannar, which is severely impacted by global climate change, but also would serve to enhance the climate resilience of the coral ecosystems by increasing the coral biomass and thereby restoring the ecological services, which help to sustain the livelihood of the dependent small-scale fisher folk.","10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105669","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105560623&doi=10.1016%2fj.ocecoaman.2021.105669&partnerID=40&md5=f633c5ceb1398bcfca21c86b24eb6210 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569121001538?via%3Dihub"
"102","12682517","3976","JOUR","Perkol-Finkel, S. and Zilman, G. and Sella, I. and Miloh, T.","2006","Floating and fixed artificial habitats: effects of substratum motion on benthic communities in a coral reef environment","full_search","317",NA,"9-20","Despite the proliferation in coastal development world-wide little is known of the biological and ecological effects of man-made submerged habitats in coastal reefal environments. Such habitats, when able to move, offer unique environmental conditions, mainly in terms of hydrodynamic aspects. The current study tested whether floating habitats would develop unique communities in comparison to identical fixed ones, due to differences in current regime between the 2 types of habitat. We found significant differences in the hydrodynamic features associated with habitats of different motion capabilities, predominantly in mass-transfer rate, current velocity and shear stress. Floating installations had greater flow velocities and shear stress compared to fixed ones. We suggest that these hydrodynamic features determine the nature of the benthic communities on floating and fixed habitats, as the former revealed greater biomass and less chlorophyll content compared to the latter, while coral settlement was greater on the fixed installations, particularly near the seabed. The motion of floating artificial habitats increased the mass-transfer rate, as reflected by higher current velocities, and elevated the shear stress felt on their surfaces. These conditions encourage massive settlement of benthic macroinvertebrates and determine the community structure of floating artificial habitats in reefal environments.","DOI 10.3354/meps317009","https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v317/p9-20/ and https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2006/317/m317p009.pdf and https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2006/317/m317p009.pdf"
"103","12682516","3941","JOUR","Perkol-Finkel, S. and Zilman, G. and Sella, I. and Miloh, T.","2008","Floating and fixed artificial habitats: Spatial and temporal patterns of benthic communities in a coral reef environment","full_search","77","3","491-500","While natural marine habitats with motion capabilities, e.g., kelps and seaweeds, have been studied alongside their associated fouling communities, little is known of the effect of motion on the communities of floating artificial habitats such as buoys, rafts, and pontoons, particularly in tropical systems. Hydrodynamic features greatly differ between floating and fixed artificial substrata, which in turn affect the structure of their associated communities. This study tested the hypothesis that floating and fixed artificial installations in a tropical reef system (Eilat, Red Sea) would support different benthic communities throughout space and time. Specifically, we examined differences in communities recruited onto settlement plates between floating and fixed installations deployed at three different sites, along a two-year monitoring period. The three sites exhibited distinct differences in species assemblages between the monitoring dates (6, 12, 18 and 24 months post deployment), mainly between the first and the last two dates. The average level of dissimilarity between floating and fixed installations increased over time at all sites. Over 50% of the dissimilarity between the floating and fixed installations resulted from five taxonomic groups i.e., bryozoans, bivalves, barnacles, sponges, including the amount of bare space on the settlement plates. The contribution of these groups to the dissimilarity changed both temporally within each site, and spatially among sites. The observed differences were related to the hydrodynamic characteristics of floating and fixed habitats, interacting with biotic features such as predation, successional processes and seasonality; and abiotic features including smallscale spatial changes, light, and position in the water column. Ó 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","10.1016/j.ecss.2007.10.005","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272771407004672 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272771407004672 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272771407004672?via%3Dihub"
"104","12682401","19257","JOUR","Kumar, J.S.Y. and Geetha, S.","2012","Fouling communities on ship wreck site in the Gulf of Mannar, india","full_search",NA,NA,NA,"The Gulf of Mannar is one of the world’s richest marine biospheres and occupies an area of 10,500 sq.km. Twenty one coral reef islands and small patchy reefs are present between Lat. 800 47’N and Long. 780 12’ E to Lat. 900 15’ N and Long. 790 14’ E. from Pamban to Thoothukudi as an arc. These islands possess a very interesting heterogeneous group of fauna and flora. The study was conducted on a twenty year old ship wreck in the Gulf of Mannar, India. During low tides, remnants of the ship are exposed to about 1.5 meters above the water surface. The entire ship wreck is regarded as an artificial reef that harbors corals, fishes and other fauna. Artificial reefs are beneficial in reef conservation and rehabilitation efforts. Successions of artificial reef communities were preliminarily studied using the Line and Belt transect method to assess the composition of benthic organisms like soft corals (25.6 %) and live corals (23.1 %). The abundance of several common reef fishes is also reported.",NA,"https://lens.org/143-819-286-465-752"
"105","12682399","5388","JOUR","Perkol-Finkel, S. and Shashar, N. and Barneah, O. and Ben-David-Zaslow, R. and Oren, U. and Reichart, T. and Yacobovich, T. and Yahel, G. and Yahel, R. and Benayahu, Y.","2005","Fouling reefal communities on artificial reefs: Does age matter?","full_search","21","2","127-140","Man-made submerged structures, including shipwrecks, offering substrata for fouling organisms and fish, have been classified secondarily as artificial reefs (ARs). The current approach in AR design is that of low-profile structures placed on the seabed and attempting to mimic natural reef (NR) communities with the aim of mitigating degraded marine ecosystems. To examine the validity of this concept, a long-term comparison of the developing AR fouling communities to those of nearby NRs is required. A survey of the fouling reefal organisms was conducted on seven shipwrecks (Red Sea, Egypt), comprising three young (ca 20 years old) and four old ( square > square 100 years old) unplanned ARs, in comparison to nearby NR communities. The hypothesis tested was that the age of the ARs shapes the structure of their fouling coral communities. The results demonstrated distinct differences between ARs and NRs and between young and old ARs. While the species composition on ARs may resemble that of NRs after approximately 20 years, obtaining a similar extent of coral cover may require a full century. Moreover, differences in structural features between ARs and NRs may lead to differences in species composition that persist even after 100 years.","https://doi.org/10.1080/08927010500133451","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/fouling-reefal-communities-on-artificial-reefs/docview/20193921/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/doi/pdf/10.1080/08927010500133451"
"106","12682092","13814","JOUR","Goergen, E. A. and Ostroff, Z. and Gilliam, D. S.","2018","Genotype and attachment technique influence the growth and survival of line nursery corals","full_search","26","4","622-628","The Caribbean staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, was once a dominant habitat creating coral, but its populations have declined dramatically in recent decades. Numerous restoration efforts now utilize coral gardening techniques to cultivate this species, growing colonies on fixed structures or from line/suspended nurseries. Line nurseries have become increasingly popular because of their small footprint and ease of use, replacing fixed structures in many nurseries. To evaluate the efficacy of the line technique, this study evaluated growth, condition, and survivorship of A. cervicornis nursery colonies of three distinct genotypes grown via two line nursery techniques (suspended and direct line attachment [vertical]). Direct line attachment of nursery colonies resulted in poor survival (43%) and growth (9.5 +/- 1.33 cm/year), whereas suspended culture had 100% survival and increased growth (61.1 +/- 4.19 cm/year). Suspended culture had significantly reduced disease prevalence and prevented colony predation. Suspended coral growth was also comparable to a neighboring fixed structure nursery (55.2 +/- 7.86 cm/year), and found to be as effective in propagating corals as fixed structures.","10.1111/rec.12545","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/genotype-attachment-technique-influence-growth/docview/2067550715/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/rec.12545"
"107","12682091","17227","JOUR","Maneval, Paul and Jacoby, Charles A. and Harris, Holden E. and Frazer, Thomas K.","2021","Genotype, nursery design, and depth influence the growth of Acropora cervicornis fgments","full_search","8",NA,"670474","Growing fragments of corals in nurseries and outplanting them to supplement declining natural populations has gained significant traction in the Caribbean and elsewhere. In the Caribbean for example, this approach provides colonies of Acropora cervicornis with minimal impacts to existing wild colonies. Given the impetus to scale up production to augment limited natural recovery, managers and researchers should consider how the design and location of the nurseries affect the growth of different genotypes of corals and the effort required for maintenance. To elucidate such influences, we grew fragments of different genotypes (5 varieties) on differing structures (trees and frames) at two depths (6–8 m and 16–18 m). Total linear extensions, accumulation of biofouling, and cleaning time were measured over 198 d to assess the growth of fragments and the effort required to maintain nurseries. Total linear extensions for all fragments increased linearly throughout the incubation period. Mean daily incremental growth rates varied among the genotypes, with one genotype growing significantly faster than all others, two genotypes growing at intermediate rates, and two genotypes growing more slowly. Mean daily incremental growth rates were higher for all genotypes suspended from vertical frames at both sites, and mean daily incremental growth rates were higher for all fragments held on both types of nurseries in deeper water. If linear growth continued, estimated mean annual growth for a fragment of the fastest growing genotype held on a frame in deeper water would be 88 cm y-1, which was over two times higher than the estimated annual growth rate for a fragment of the slowest growing genotype held on a tree in shallow water. The time required for maintenance did not vary consistently, but deep nurseries had significantly less biofouling and appeared to be buffered against daily fluctuations in temperature. Overall, the results demonstrated that improved production and reduced maintenance can result from considering the genotype of fragments to be cultured and the design and location of nurseries.","10.3389/fmars.2021.670474","https://lens.org/067-255-573-496-070"
"108","12681759","18146","JOUR","Subhan, M. A. and Yahya, Y. and Mardiansyah, null and Putri, L. S. E.","2021","The growth of Acropora loripes (Brook 1892) using spider frame module transplantation method and its effect on the presence of fish reef in Les Village, Buleleng, Bali","full_search","744","1","12080","The condition of coral reefs in Bali waters has a bad impact on the community, especially ornamental fish fishermen, so that rehabilitation is needed to restore the function of the coral reef ecosystem. This study aims to determine the growth of Acropora loripes using the spider frame module transplantation method at two depths and the effect of transplantation on the presence of fish. The method used in this study is an experimental method with direct observation. Transplanted corals described 88 fragments with treatment 6 and 10 meters of depths to observe the growth, survival of corals, and the presence of fish. Results showed the growth for one month, 0.59 and 0.85 cm at stations 1 and 2, respectively. The growth rate at the end of the study with the highest rates is 0.14 and 0.21 cm/week at stations 1 and 2, respectively. There are 10 species of fish found at both stations with a total number of 41 and 36 individuals and stable and unstable condition categories at stations 1 and 2, respectively. The growth of A. loripes showed well at the end of the study where the presence of reef fish showed a positive correlation with coral survival rates.","10.1088/1755-1315/744/1/012080","https://lens.org/096-718-196-791-639"
"109","12681741","3296","JOUR","Andika, Dodi and Purnama, Dewi and Spn, Bertoka Fajar and Kusuma, Aradea Bujana and Tapilatu, Ricardo F.","2020","Growth rate and survival rate of coral Acropora sp. transplanted on the artificial dead coral substrate in the waters of Baai Island, Bengkulu, Indonesia","full_search","4","1",NA,"Abstract. Andika D, Purnama D, Fajar SPN N, Kusuma AB, Tapilatu RF. 2020. Growth rate and survival rate of coral Acropora sp. transplanted on the artificial dead coral substrate in the waters of Baai Island, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Ocean Life 4: 17-23. Coral reefs are organisms that live on the bottom of the waters that are capable of producing limestone. Transplantation is a technique to accelerate the regeneration of coral reefs that can be used to protect coastal areas and marine life and improve the quality of coral habitat. This study aims to determine the survival rate, growth, and growth rate of height and width of Acropora sp. reared using transplantation technology. The usefulness of this research is as one of the basic information about the use of transplantation in the maintenance of coral reefs. The research location is on Baai Island at a depth of 2 m. This study used an experimental method utilizing a transplant technique and five treatments. At the end of the study, the survival rate of coral reefs Acropora sp. at the end of the study was 92%. For three months, the growth of coral reef height Acropora sp. ranged from 0.87 to 0.90 cm, while the width ranged from 0.84 to 0.94 cm. The growth rate of the average height of coral reefs Acropora sp. ranged from 0.72 to 0.82 cm, while the average width was 0.72 to 0.76 cm. Based on the ANOVA statistical test results, there was no difference in the growth rate in either height or width for each type of substrate used.","10.13057/oceanlife/o040103","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1157277644 and https://smujo.id/ol/article/download/10745/5974"
"110","12681739","16866","JOUR","Khasanah, Ruly Isfatul and Herawati, Endang Yuli and Hariati, Anik Martinah and Mahmudi, Mohammad and Sartimbul, Aida and Wiadnya, Dewa Gede Raka and Asrial, Evron and Yudatomo, null and Nabil, Erry","2019","Growth rate of Acropora formosa coral fragments transplanted on different composition of Faba Kerbstone artificial reef","full_search","20","12","3593-3598","Abstract. Khasanah RI, Herawati EY, Hariati AM, Mahmudi M, Sartimbul A, Wiadnya DGR, Asrial E, Yudatomo, Nabil R. 2019. Growth rate of Acropora formosa coral fragments transplanted on different compositions of faba kerbstone artificial reef. Biodiversitas 20: 3593-3598. A counter measure and an alternative technique to reduce coral reef destruction is through transplantation, which requires the relocation or cutting of a live coral, planted in a designated place containing damaged varieties. Faba kerbstone is a product innovation similar to paving block/brick, made from fly and bottom ash (FABA), which is the dominant waste product from PT Jawa Power, Probolinggo, Indonesia. In addition, it has also been widely utilized as a raw material in the creation of paving and concrete blocks, composed by harmless material, with a length, width, and height of 40, 25 and 15 cm, respectively. This study aims to observe the growth rate of Acropora formosa coral fragments transplanted on a faba kerbstone, using five different fly and bottom ash compositions: K1 = 0% Fa, K2 = 25% Fa and 75% Ba, K3 = 50% FA and 50% Ba, K4 = 75% Fa and 25% Ba, while K5 = 100% Fa and 0% Ba. Furthermore, the observations were conducted underwater, using scuba diving for six months, observing the parameters of fragment length, colony diameter, and branches number. In addition, the highest elongation rate of A. formosa coral fragments was identified at K2 (1.313 ± 0.447 cm/month), and K1 (1.185 ± 0.642 cm/month), while the most significant increment in colony diameter was observed in K2 (0.077 ± 0.060 cm/month) and K1 (0.063 ± 0.071 cm/month), and the largest number of branches was also found in K2 (29.50 or 4.28 branches/month) and K1 (25.25 or 3.67 branches/month). Furthermore, the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (p = 0.05) showed was no significant difference in the fragments elongation and colony diameters in the K1 and K2 models, although there was substantial variation from the K3, K4, and K5.","10.13057/biodiv/d201218","https://lens.org/056-719-253-000-439 and https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/download/4603/3533"
"111","12681738","18863","JOUR","Fadli, Nur","2009","Growth rate of Acropora formosa fragments that transplanted on artificial substrate made from coral rubble","full_search","10","4","181-186","Coral reefs play an important physiological and ecological role in coastal ecosystems such as providing natural breakwatersthat protect shorelines and human settlements from waves and storm. Corals killed by tsunami, waves and storms are often degraded into rubble. This rubble is dynamic, easily shifted by currents and storms, which effectively forms ‘‘killing fields’’ forcoral juveniles, hindering coral recovery. In order to rehabilitate coral reefs, artificial substrates are used both for coral transplantation and recruitment. Unfortunately, most artificial substrates are expensive and use land-based material such asconcrete/cement-bases. In order to develop a new low-cost artificial substrate that can replace concrete/cement-base as amedia for coral transplantation, modified coral rubble was tested in a pilot study in Seribu Island, Jakarta. Two different nets (nylon and polyethylene) were used to form rubble into a compact shape, stable and strong substrate. The stability of therubble and the complexity of the surface which is created by the net make this substrate suitable for coral transplantation.Additionally, from an economic perspective the nets are very cheap and locally available. In a number of experiments,modified coral rubble successfully replaced the concrete /cement-base as a media for coral transplantation. The coral transplants were growing over time. With this method, we can try to rehabilitate the degraded coral reef destroyed by tsunami or other factors with material that already is available at the site and with less money. However, this approach requires testing at additional sites and for longer periods, to determine the replicability of the results.Key words: cement base, coral, rubble, transplantation","10.13057/biodiv/d100404","https://lens.org/124-702-337-494-687 and https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/download/288/307"
"112","12681731","12411","CPAPER","Xin, L. H. and Hyde, J. and Cob, Z. C. and Adzis, K. A. A.","2013","Growth study of branching coral Acropora formosa between natural reef habitats and in situ coral nurseries","full_search","1571",NA,"505-511","Being a common reef building coral in Malaysian waters, growth of Acropora Formosa in natural reef habitat and coral nursery condition had been studied in aspects of extension growth, survival and proto- branch generation. The study sites took place at two separate islands with different environment conditions. In this study, A. formosa samples of natural reefs at Pangkor Island turbid waters recorded better growth in average extension rate (0.71 +/- 0.48 cm/month) and higher proto-branch generation rate (up to 52% after 6 months) than Tioman Island samples (0.38 +/- 0.34 cm/month, highest 17% after 6 months). However, Tioman Island natural reef samples maintained 100% survival throughout the study period. Then, branch fragments or nubbins of A. formosa were transplanted into two coral nursery sites at Tioman Island. Among these two coral nurseries, the Tekek site had better growth in all three aspects than Air Batang site. This was believed due to Tekek nursery had been setup with nubbins for more than 6 months before Air Batang nursery, thus the Tekek samples were conditioned long enough for growing in the coral nursery environment. The results of this study documented the growth of this particular coral species in two islands of Peninsular Malaysia, and demonstrated the potential application of A. Formosa for coral transplant, in situ nursery and active reef restoration.","10.1063/1.4858705","https://lens.org/096-835-970-444-015 and https://watermark.silverchair.com/505_1_online.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAABVswggVXBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggVIMIIFRAIBADCCBT0GCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMmFEvf9uUuMebpZrRAgEQgIIFDiYMx5tVJF1Fz6uNJbRp9KVVx4ox7AXyDGQPiPEJmO7TeQZgKQmSqII5w8Id6G3a2VRSzH26jYXSTrYL546sf5Tw_C5izuZLAG2pklhJGIpW30K42LOgQE2FYE2pHrHXQlO4jLc7aaQhH1tzjh8t1LMqW6dvIYSozZO-5BGOtnS2c2wf8h31YXOoSedPqDPV1QdAhIzzheiYFsxtzJu8RBrsKNnrKNjGkLUsnYZTiSG4PfoPJZ5eUUhIhhJyO3sSEydEZWQZaUYyi7qW33DA-FIpWl1cr6Uhsp7JnNrDv_fiUc6UECY5AjSyEU7z1dHgWFBb4IbsqUcosexuAC0ITOGDQFfxEYcYx65ycAs53HhK_2TMBZhE0JjRO76_fkYaVjaKtBfYBFRKJThH-ajDyV0JIDtxMqTKx6amzs7mmy0irBuA2lZ-LPkUIiU8f84YNc19wG2jc_M5s_L0tp3mlExNaGNRecm2AYx8y-Hm4IvKA6xC8Vs5_OUGtSKM1yRywZXo4hnIuiA-WHF0C6a1tNzxDIyz23TEBEv9Aok-Zncvfc6G2ykO7ErLPeTefwyxKgJRLHot3Haibjnzw9PPjDUAOO-8ziVVwytJsZUnTzCLlTaiFPa5g9zuclo53P6lNjXjzD0XP5QBUz_eJeTDVzNZi1pGzLjo6DpGuniDGvHnkKl97f8ttl7DUe1hYv29vTwq48n9ENPLraBg7CrKtMzqpx-VwKD3T-h7-wNXIACLOuSxFi4FV_F4CvD4s-suJGXk7mn60faKW9C2LOdpTDwjtA7ipu4EmLDhYA3MDIivW0y62AC9ew4RJ9pKqJp1FYPjZz7jeI2aXAtMkyq6CEtPNJ2oIrQ5TBHGFfNF4FBsEXJwGU9XsYQWxS6CYshhdbQnmPcKgRzmY_lMr-kXteUYFucCBxBUwrCYpBnIOiSzVZgcNZKLCQyPXJVlt6njpv5d0raMI6FhLrV1cCyEV5fz1XRJLTe7zhEIuGu6zAkX4s4qZe-gcLNMbjUICzYJQ3g8JsU78IIQbVCW7Wo3K9hkXw9pb8Lis2CRv4vhRjm5AkBnYWgdtPS5swDjn_UeeOA8fPcLMvzkY9p9nLVPZr0xLD6NXd9oLINAPoLaS9zB3qpryusPxbQPt8Zf_AMLrU51nt2tysKXMPanvU3_tFpWtltkMnr0NUyvxOI4wm35ZpkkgNxvA2x9Q3CXzC_mmbTshXtJEwmCFNXxWjYi0VPCfqfVBmZ4gZEBqkxcCgL_tDnFjT847s5rXTNxpVMSPvYBxLef3aPhLfJsDJDyVtpVGp7IbxTcYw1t3Erm4a0eBeRxTkNhG_WjA9WWxiPiTMFBcz_B7Q-P523O6qT3gGNXwvvunUYK1padqObEiQNCUs5XXEptL4Mt1tKc3xoWcp6o7M7ewpOR96aGhSb-PTkejPI4kK1ykT72-rBeztDKXbp8tgL7aeepVEU2SzFYOH5kZttowtXbzC9d3hhjvM15x_2xQqPcNMt75DksEZcJmyDCE-CKjG0508-udR6naYPeVooBo2Y2UDM3WovNCMO4XmDSmIufvtmmj8SVbKJiqOupNeFwwbgQed2AD2gzh9N9TLM4OCs9ZJQv_iZOa7l-bFhbL96PnhuJdVOLQbyyZ5QVkZjKjSk5emLK1xveqByFrHQIoUtluwmLVUjlbY8nwS2ormUC1h_q6aH7I74kRYiljcrwWm-fJ1iWz1o"
"113","12681606","654","JOUR","Biggs, Brendan C.","2013","Harnessing natural recovery processes to improve restoration outcomes: An experimental assessment of sponge-mediated coral reef restoration","full_search","8","6","e64945","BACKGROUND: Restoration is increasingly implemented to reestablish habitat structure and function following physical anthropogenic disturbance, but scientific knowledge of effectiveness of methods lags behind demand for guidelines. On coral reefs, recovery is largely dependent on coral reestablishment, and substratum stability is critical to the survival of coral fragments and recruits. Concrete is often used to immobilize rubble, but its ecological performance has not been rigorously evaluated, and restoration has generally fallen short of returning degraded habitat to pre-disturbance conditions. Fragments of erect branching sponges mediate reef recovery by facilitating rubble consolidation, yet such natural processes have been largely overlooked in restoring reefs. METHODS: On two reefs in Curacao, four treatments - coral rubble alone, rubble seeded with sponge fragments, rubble bound by concrete, and concrete ""rubble"" bound by concrete - were monitored over four years to investigate rubble consolidation with and without sponges and the ecological performance of treatments in terms of the number and diversity of coral recruits. Species specific rates of sponge fragment attachment to rubble, donor sponge growth and tissue replacement, and fragment survival inside rubble piles were also investigated to evaluate sponge species performance and determine rates for sustainably harvesting tissue. FINDINGS/SIGNIFICANCE: Rubble piles seeded with sponges retained height and shape to a significantly greater degree, lost fewer replicates to water motion, and were significantly more likely to be consolidated over time than rubble alone. Significantly more corals recruited to sponge-seeded rubble than to all other treatments. Coral diversity was also greatest for rubble with sponges and it was the only treatment to which framework building corals recruited. Differences in overall sponge species performance suggest species selection is important to consider. Employing organisms that jump start successional pathways and facilitate recovery can significantly improve restoration outcomes; however, best practices require techniques be tailored to each system.","10.1371/journal.pone.0064945","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1030480854 and https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0064945&type=printable"
"114","12681474","613","JOUR","Wen, Colin Kuo-Chang and Chen, Kao-Song and Hsieh, Hernyi Justin and Hsu, Chia-Min and Chen, Chaolun Allen","2013","High coral cover and subsequent high fish richness on mature breakwaters in Taiwan","full_search","72","1","55-63","Breakwaters are widely used in coastal development. Breakwaters can alter habitats by undermining shallow coastal ecosystems, especially coral reefs. However, recent studies indicate that mature breakwaters can have well-developed corals and coral-associated fishes. Breakwaters with colonized corals may act as surrogates of natural coral reefs against the global coral crisis. Here, we examined the composition of corals, fishes, and benthic biota/abiota between natural reefs and mature breakwaters to evaluate the possibility of breakwaters supplementing natural reefs. We found equal or higher coral cover, fish abundance, and species richness on breakwaters. Conversely, differential coral growth forms and fish assemblages on mature breakwaters suggested the irreplaceability of natural reefs. Corals and coral reef fishes on mature man-made structures, however, may improve the resistance and resilience of coral reefs. Conclusively, despite high coral cover on mature man-made structures appropriate management (e.g., marine reserves) is still necessary to sustain the coral reefs.","10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.031","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1049410373 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X13002270?via%3Dihub"
"115","12680776","4767","CPAPER","Ampou, E. E. and Hutasoit, P. and Janetski, N. and Yusuf, S. and Damar, A. and Petta, C. and Hutahaean, A. A.","2019","Implementation of coral propagation for coral reef garden in Nusa Dua, Bali","full_search","370",NA,"12080","MARRS ( Mars Assisted Reef Restoration System ) is an artificial reef method that resembles spider webs and has been implemented in several regions of Indonesia, including Samuh beach, Nusa Dua, Bali. Since July - October 2018, 761 MARRS units, supporting a total of ± 10,600 coral fragments, have been installed. The aim of this research is to provide an initial investigation into establishing a mini-coral reef park in Indonesia. Monitoring was done by identifying habitat geomorphology methods with photo transects and coral propagation status in MARRS using the random visual census method. From the process of habitat geomorphology classification in the artificial reef network, there were 9 types of habitat classified on the fringing reef, reef flats and fore reefs. Ten hard coral species from the Scleractinia group were identified from 10 randomly-selected and monitored MARRS units: Acropora formosa, A. hyacinthus, Pocillopora verucosa, P. damicornis, Psammocora sp., Symphyllia sp., Stylophora pistillata, Turbinaria sp., Echinopora sp. and Favites sp . Three significant coral factors were found to be present within the coral propagation system: resistance, competition and predators.","10.1088/1755-1315/370/1/012080","https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/370/1/012080"
"116","12680698","11985","JOUR","Tanaya, Toko and Kinjo, Nobuyuki and Okada, Wataru and Yasuda, Masato and Kuwae, Tomohiro","2021","Improvement of the coral growth and cost-effectiveness of hybrid infrastructure by an innovative breakwater design in Naha Port, Okinawa, Japan","full_search","63","3","248-262","Hybrid infrastructure combining gray and green infrastructure should be more cost-effective than gray infrastructure; however, its cost-effectiveness and cost-effective methods for its construction are not clear. Here we used pro-environment breakwaters, having the original breakwater function of wave attenuation along with the additional function of providing marine-life habitats, as a model for estimating the cost-effectiveness of hybrid infrastructure. We defined effectiveness as the area of coral cover on the breakwaters. We compared coral areas between a normal (control) breakwater, and pro-environment breakwaters (PBs) with artificial tide pools (ATPs) at shallow depth (PBshallow) or ATPs at deeper depth (PBdeep). The coral area increased by similar to 10% on PBshallow and similar to 20% on PBdeep compared to the control. PBdeep had the largest increase in coral area, resulting from the installation of ATPs, which accounted for similar to 40% of the increase in coral area. PBdeep, with greater breakwater surface area and ATPs at depths more appropriate for corals than PBshallow, increased the cost-effectiveness by similar to 10% compared to the control. Our finding that the cost-effectiveness of ATP installation is comparable to that of coral transplantation to natural reefs suggests that ATPs are cost-effective for coral habitat restoration.","10.1080/21664250.2021.1889823","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1135852441 and https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21664250.2021.1889823"
"117","12680617","4188","JOUR","Samidon, Munandar and Razi, Nanda Muhammad and Agustiar, Muhammad and Harahap, Puad Batari and Najmi, Nurul and Bahri, Samsul and Liu, Shang Yin Vanson","2022","In-situ electro-stimulation enhanced branching but not massive scleractinian coral growth","full_search","9",NA,"917360","Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the main component of the skeleton of scleractinian corals and is a preferable substrate for attachment and growth. An electro-stimulation method based on the electrolysis of seawater, which generates calcium and magnesium minerals as a crystalline coating over artificial metal structures, was used to boost coral growth during the 1970s. Few studies have attempted to compare survival and growth between electro-stimulated corals and non-electro-stimulated corals in situ. In this study, we used 2D image analysis to quantify the growth of branching and massive corals on electro-stimulated structures. Among four metallic structures that were deployed in Sabang, Aceh, Indonesia, three were electro-stimulated (12 V) and one was used as a control. Two branching corals (Acropora gemmifera and Pocillopora verrucosa) and two massive coral species (Porites murrayensis and Porites lobata) were selected. A total of 256 fragments, comprising 128 fragments derived from two branching species and 128 fragments derived from two massive species, were randomly dispatched to each structure. Underwater photographs were taken at three intervals from August 2019 to December 2020. The results showed that the survival rates (excluding lost fragments) of branching corals under electro-stimulation were approximately 19% higher than massive. However, no significant difference was found between the survival rates of the treatment and control groups for both branching and massive corals. Furthermore, we found that under electro-stimulation, branching corals grew faster than controls but not massive. Our study provides pieces of evidence for the potential use of electrochemical processes in stimulating the growth of branching corals.","10.3389/fmars.2022.917360","https://lens.org/013-376-167-479-912"
"118","12680484","12469","JOUR","Romatzki, S. B. C.","2014","Influence of electrical fields on the performance of Acropora coral transplants on two different designs of structures","full_search","10","5","449-459","A method for reef rehabilitation is based on mineral accretion using an electrical field to stimulate the growth and survival of transplanted coral fragments. The present study aimed to examine the impacts of exposure to an electrical field on fragments of two transplanted Acropora species. Two independently performed experimental set-ups were used to assess fragment survival and linear skeletal extension under varying electrical currents and in direct versus indirect contact to electrically charged substrate. Survival rates of transplants for A. yongei and A. pulchra were high in some treatments, but showed significantly lower survival when exposed to a high amperage, or when transplanted close to the bottom. Maximum skeletal extensions of transplants were observed in elevated controls of A. yongei (7.5 +/- 0.4 mm/month versus donor colony: 5.8 +/- 0.7 mm/month) and for A. pulchra fragments subjected to 1.67 A/m(2) (6.2 +/- 0.3 mm/month versus donor colony: 8.6 +/- 0.6 mm/month). The lowest extension rates were found for A. pulchra on unelevated control boards (1.2 +/- 0.2 mm/month). At the same time, treatments exceeding current strengths of 1.67 A/m(2) led to significantly smaller extension rates in both Acropora species. While a direct contact with the charged metal had a significant negative effect on growth and survival of A. yongei fragments, A. pulchra demonstrated a general tendency to smaller extension rates when exposed to an electrical current. Overall, lower extension rates of fragments indicated that A. pulchra was generally more sensitive to transplantation. Previous reports of significantly increased growth rates due to electrical stimulation could not be supported for the species examined.","10.1080/17451000.2013.814794","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/influence-electrical-fields-on-performance/docview/1512330674/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/doi/pdf/10.1080/17451000.2013.814794"
"119","12680474","13471","JOUR","Sam, S. Q. and Ng, C. S. L. and Kikuzawa, Y. P. and Toh, T. C. and Sim, W. T. and Chou, L. M.","2021","Influence of fragment size on post transplantation growth and survival of domed scleractinian corals","full_search","17","4","327-340","Coral transplantation helps to reinstate coral cover in degraded reefs, but the general success of this approach is hampered by limited understanding of how coral-fragment size affects growth and survival of transplants of non-branching species. In this study, we compared the effects of three size classes of coral fragments (small: 2-4cm, medium: 5-7cm and large: 9-11cm) on the post-transplantation survivorship and growth of Favites complanata (n=51), Favites pentagona (n=54) and Platygyra sinensis (n=60) attached to granite rocks on a subtidal seawall in Singapore. After 18 months, transplants of all species showed high survivorship (all >64%) and up to 6.3-fold increase in live tissue area. Survivorship was not significantly different among the size classes of each species. Mean linear extension rates were fastest only for small F. complanata transplants compared to medium-sized ones. Our findings also suggested that the transplantation of only small fragments could generate better yield in live coral cover and present the most optimal use of the original amount of coral source material. Such information is critical for formulating management and conservation strategies in urbanized reef systems typically dominated by non-branching corals.","10.1080/17451000.2021.1957934","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1140555402 and https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/doi/pdf/10.1080/17451000.2021.1957934"
"120","12680450","16791","JOUR","Chavanich, Suchana and Ussavauschariyakul, Siriwan and Viyakarn, Voranop and Fujita, Toshihiko","2013","Influence of mineral accretion induced by electric current on the settlement and growth of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia)","full_search","38","2","89-94","The effect of mineral accretion induced by electric current on settlement, growth, and survival of planula larvae and juvenile corals of Pocillopora damicornis was examined by both laboratory and field experiments. The laboratory experiment showed that the numbers of larvae settling on tiles with coralline algae and steel plates encrusted with limestone under no electric current condition were higher than that of other conditions. In the field, the highest survival rates of juvenile corals occurred under the lowest electric current density. However, there was no difference on the growth of juvenile corals between different electric current levels. The mineral accretion could potentially be used to enhance survival of juvenile corals for coral rehabilitation purpose.","10.14203/mri.v38i2.60","https://lens.org/054-891-007-234-469 and https://mri.lipi.go.id/index.php/MRI/article/download/60/pdf_29"
"121","12680375","4226","JOUR","Schuhmacher, H.","1977","Initial phases in reef development, studied at artificial reef types off Eilat,(Red Sea)","full_search","30","1-4","400-411","The initial steps in the formation of a coral reef (as distinct from the enlarging of an already existing reef) have been observed at block moles off Eilat (Red Sea). Within a period of 11 years, thus far four phases can be distinguished: (1) start-phase: rapid and homogeneous colonization by fouling organisms, still indeterminant for the final reef development; (2) preparation-phase: settling of shells, calcareous red algae and foraminiferans not affected by grazing animals which largely consume the initial settlers and subsequently attaching larvae; (3) phase of pioneer frame-building: growth of scleractinians and hydrocorals, settled on the remains of rock-attached shells or on other places inaccessible to grazers; secondary frame-builders (e.g. Tridacna) grow in their shelter; (4) phase of frame-binding: dead coral colonies are overgrown by calcareous foraminiferans, algae and bryozoans consolidating the coralline structures by their deposits. Living corals are successively colonized by a specific community (mainly decapods and molluscs); among these, borers are the earliest settlers. Upon death of the coral, there is a complete change in associated organisms forming a less specific but more diverse community.","10.1007/BF02207850","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02207850 and https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02207850.pdf and https://hmr.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1007/BF02207850.pdf"
"122","12680372","8213","JOUR","Treeck, Pvan and Schuhmacher, H.","1997","Initial survival of coral nubbins transplanted by a new coral transplantation technology - options for reef rehabilitation","full_search","150","1-3","287-292","A new method of coral transplantation is presented. Electrolysis in seawater induces cathodic accretion of calcium and magnesium minerals on an appropriately formed cathode (made of steel mesh, e.g. chicken wire). In this way new substrate with limestone character can be generated in situ. Coral nubbins inserted into the mesh (cathode) during electrolysis are cemented alive to the new substrate within 3 wk. The method combines the formation of a semi-natural substrate with the option of shortening the initial colonisation phase by implanting large numbers of coral nubbins within a short time. Options for reef rehabilitation are outlined.","10.3354/meps150287","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/initial-survival-coral-nubbins-transplanted-new/docview/16327698/se-2 and https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/150/m150p287.pdf"
"123","12680102","16945","JOUR","Saleh, Ejria and Kiat, Yap Tzuen and Geng, Chen Nuo and Masidi, Adam Malik and Joseph, Juanita","2020","Inventory of marine fauna on Reef Balls structures of Selingan Island, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia","full_search","17",NA,NA,"Selingan Island is well known as a turtle sanctuary in Sandakan, Sabah. However, beach erosion has affected both infrastructure and turtle nesting grounds on the island. As one of the solutions, stone revetment and reef ball structures were deployed at the southeast part of the island in 2005 and 2007, respectively. The uneven stony surface of reef ball structures creates tiny pockets of space for attachment and colonization of coral larvae and sessile invertebrates. The objectives of this study are to determine the condition of the reef ball structures and to identify the types of marine fauna within these structures. The field surveys were carried out in May and December 2017. The survey area covered the 120 m length of balls structures for inventory of marine fauna using random quadrat sampling and observation of the reef balls condition. The survey areas were divided into Part 1 (1- 40 m), Part II (40-80 m) and Part III (80-120 m) from the shoreline of the island. There was only one reef ball unit damaged and others were intact with encrusting marine invertebrates and other associated marine life. The structures of the reef balls play an important role as an artificial marine habitat. A total of 3,583 individual (298 inv/m-2) of invertebrates (barnacles, bivalves, limpets and gastropods) were identified and 26 marine fauna species comprising of fishes, algae and corals associated with the reef balls structures. The marine fauna was expected to be higher if the survey could be done at the different tidal cycles, weather conditions and increase number of the survey. The findings provide insight of marine fauna at the reef balls structure in Selingan Island and enhance baseline data for marine resources management in the marine protected area of Turtle Island Parks.","10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2663","https://lens.org/059-122-794-819-356 and https://jurcon.ums.edu.my/ojums/index.php/jtbc/article/download/2663/1768"
"124","12679809","12040","JOUR","Ghiasian, M. and Carrick, J. and Bisson, C. and Haus, B. K. and Baker, A. C. and Lirman, D. and Rhode-Barbarigos, L.","2021","Laboratory quantification of the relative contribution of staghorn coral skeletons to the total wave-energy dissipation provided by an artificial coral reef","full_search","9","9","1007","Coral reefs function as submerged breakwaters providing wave mitigation and flood-reduction benefits for coastal communities. Although the wave-reducing capacity of reefs has been associated with wave breaking and friction, studies quantifying the relative contribution by corals are lacking. To fill this gap, a series of experiments was conducted on a trapezoidal artificial reef model with and without fragments of staghorn coral skeletons attached. The experiments were performed at the University of Miami's Surge-Structure-Atmosphere-Interaction (SUSTAIN) Facility, a large-scale wind/wave tank, where the influence of coral skeletons on wave reduction under different wave and depth conditions was quantified through water level and wave measurements before and after the reef model. Coral skeletons reduce wave transmission and increase wave-energy dissipation, with the amount depending on the hydrodynamic conditions and relative geometrical characteristics of the reef. The trapezoidal artificial coral reef model was found to reduce up to 98% of the wave energy with the coral contribution estimated to be up to 56% of the total wave-energy dissipation. Depending on the conditions, coral skeletons can thus enhance significantly, through friction, the wave-reducing capability of a reef.","10.3390/jmse9091007","https://lens.org/040-137-533-785-962 and https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/jmse/jmse-09-01007/article_deploy/jmse-09-01007.pdf?version=1631684821"
"125","12679743","9097","JOUR","Williams, S. L. and Sur, C. and Janetski, N. and Hollarsmith, J. A. and Rapi, S. and Barron, L. and Heatwole, S. J. and Yusuf, A. M. and Yusuf, S. and Jompa, J. and Mars, F.","2019","Large-scale coral reef rehabilitation after blast fishing in Indonesia","full_search","27","2","447-456","The severely degraded condition of many coral reefs worldwide calls for active interventions to rehabilitate their physical and biological structure and function, in addition to effective management of fisheries and no-take reserves. Rehabilitation efforts to stabilize reef substratum sufficiently to support coral growth have been limited in size. We documented a large coral reef rehabilitation in Indonesia aiming to restore ecosystem functions by increasing live coral cover on a reef severely damaged by blast fishing and coral mining. The project deployed small, modular, open structures to stabilize rubble and to support transplanted coral fragments. Between 2013 to 2015, approximately 11,000 structures covering 7,000 m 2 were deployed over 2 ha of a reef at a cost of US$174,000. Live coral cover on the structures increased from less than 10% initially to greater than 60% depending on depth, deployment date and location, and disturbances. The mean live coral cover in the rehabilitation area in October 2017 was higher than reported for reefs in many other areas in the Coral Triangle, including marine protected areas, but lower than in the no-take reference reef. At least 42 coral species were observed growing on the structures. Surprisingly, during the massive coral bleaching in other regions during the 2014–2016 El Niño–Southern Oscillation event, bleaching in the rehabilitation area was less than 5% cover despite warm water (≥30°C). This project demonstrates that coral rehabilitation is achievable over large scales where coral reefs have been severely damaged and are under continuous anthropogenic disturbances in warming waters. © 2018 The Authors. Restoration Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for Ecological Restoration.","10.1111/rec.12866","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053663018&doi=10.1111%2frec.12866&partnerID=40&md5=a2b48b967b1d5911963bca4b07efa92f and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/rec.12866"
"126","12679523","5257","JOUR","Walker, Simon J. and Schlacher, Thomas A.","2014","Limited habitat and conservation value of a young artificial reef","full_search","23","2","433-447","Loss and degradation of natural habitats and their biodiversity may, arguably, be mitigated or compensated through the creation of human-engineered habitats: the underlying conservation tenet is that these artificial habitats compensate for diminished diversity caused by human impacts at local or regional scales. This approach is widely used in the sea by purposefully scuttling ships to create artificial reefs, but its performance as a conservation tool is seldom critically examined in these situations. Here we test if the diversity of sessile invertebrate assemblages on a large, but young (3 years), artificial reef, created by sinking a 133 m long battle ship off Eastern Australia, can mimic that of nearby natural reefs. We use this system as a model to test whether this artificial reef can form compensatory habitat of comparable quality and levels of biodiversity. Our assessment is based on the abundance, species richness, and species composition of sessile invertebrate assemblages, including corals. Despite some signs that temporal trajectories of ecological metrics, such as cover, began to approach natural conditions after 3 years, the ecological structure of sessile invertebrate assemblages on this young wreck remained fundamentally different from those on nearby natural reefs. In particular, large, long-lived corals were abundant on natural rocky reefs, but were rare and covered little area on the young wreck. These data demonstrate that when trajectories to community convergence with natural habitats are prolonged, as may be the case here, any compensatory effects of artificial habitats will have a considerable time lag. Such lags have implications for appraising the conservation value of wrecks and artificial reefs, and they emphasize the need to explicitly acknowledge temporal dynamics when using artificial habitats as complementary conservation tools to augment larger conservation efforts on natural systems.","https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0611-4","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/limited-habitat-conservation-value-young/docview/1496887786/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://link-springer-com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/content/pdf/10.1007/s10531-013-0611-4.pdf"
"127","12679380","12352","JOUR","Raj, Kasparraj Diraviya and Mathews, G. and Edward, Jasper Kamalam Patterson","2020","Long-term benefits of artificial reef modules for reef recovery in gulf of Mannar, Southeast India","full_search","24","5","1-6","The Gulf of Mannar (GoM) in southeastern India, once well known for its rich coral reefs, has been suffering for a long time from the vagaries of unprecedented threats posed by many natural and human-induced factors. The deployment of low-tech, low-cost artificial reef (AR) modules made of ferro-cement near Vaan Island in GoM helped enhance fishery production and enrich biodiversity. These modules remain strong even at the end of 15 years and continue to provide substrata to a significantly large population of coral colonies. In 2017, the density of the coral colonies attached to the ARs was found to be as high as 25.45 numbers per module (No.module−1). Recruits from 13 genera were observed on the modules, Turbinaria (5.4 No.module−1) and Favites (4.87 No.module−1) being the dominant genera. The modules have attracted the recruits of boulder type corals, which are important for long-term ecological services. Widespread deployment of these modules would aid in reef recovery by providing suitable substrate for coral recruits.","10.1007/s11852-020-00773-5","https://lens.org/038-920-338-334-800 and https://link-springer-com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/content/pdf/10.1007/s11852-020-00773-5.pdf"
"128","12679361","1961","JOUR","Sabater, Marlowe G. and Yap, Helen T.","2004","Long-term effects of induced mineral accretion on growth, survival and corallite properties of Porites cylindrica Dana","full_search","311","2","355-374","The mineral accretion technology involves the accumulation of dissolved mineral ions within the vicinity of underwater electrodes and their deposition via electrochemical processes onto the positive electrode forming a natural substrate. Branches of Porites cylindrica were reared under the presence of mineral accretion (treated nubbins), without mineral accretion (untreated), and under undisturbed (control) conditions for 6 months (mineral accretion phase). The electricity for the treated nubbins was cut off after the sixth month, and all remaining nubbins were allowed to grow for another 6 months (post mineral accretion phase). The longitudinal growth rate of the treated nubbins was relatively high during the mineral accretion phase then dropped during the post mineral accretion phase. Statistical analysis revealed longitudinal growth to be significant over time, but the significant differences between treatments lay only between the first until the second bi-monthly period (from January to May 2000) and the rest of the observation period (June to January 2001). This indicates that growth enhancement occurred only during the early stages of the mineral accretion phase. There were also significant differences in girth growth between phases and between treatments as well as a significant phase by treatment interaction again indicating that significant differences between treatments occurred only during a certain phase. In terms of overall survival, the treated nubbins fared better than the untreated nubbins. The corals in all treatments showed the same trend in corallite size and density after 1 year. Corallite sizes increased from the tip towards the base of the transplant. The reverse trend occurred with corallite density which decreased from the tip towards the base. Phenotypic alteration of the corallites (decrease in size and increase in density from the middle region of the nubbin towards the base) had occurred in the treated nubbins while they were exposed to mineral accretion. This effect disappeared, however, after 6 months. It appears, therefore, that enhancement of growth took place only during active mineral accretion, though there were positive, longer-term effects on survival.","10.1016/j.jembe.2004.05.013","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1011076632 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098104003181?via%3Dihub"
"129","12679020","9878","JOUR","Friedlander, Alan M. and Ballesteros, Enric and Fay, Mike and Sala, Enric","2014","Marine communities on oil platforms in Gabon, West Africa: High biodiversity oases in a low biodiversity environment","full_search","9","8","e103709","The marine biodiversity of Gabon, West Africa has not been well studied and is largely unknown. Our examination of marine communities associated with oil platforms in Gabon is the first scientific investigation of these structures and highlights the unique ecosystems associated with them. A number of species previously unknown to Gabonese waters were recorded during our surveys on these platforms. Clear distinctions in benthic communities were observed between older, larger platforms in the north and newer platforms to the south or closer to shore. The former were dominated by a solitary cup coral, Tubastraea sp., whereas the latter were dominated by the barnacle Megabalanus tintinnabulum, but with more diverse benthic assemblages compared to the northerly platforms. Previous work documented the presence of limited zooxanthellated scleractinian corals on natural rocky substrate in Gabon but none were recorded on platforms. Total estimated fish biomass on these platforms exceeded one ton at some locations and was dominated by barracuda (Sphyraena spp.), jacks (Carangids), and rainbow runner (Elagatis bipinnulata). Thirty-four percent of fish species observed on these platforms are new records for Gabon and 6% are new to tropical West Africa. Fish assemblages closely associated with platforms had distinct amphi-Atlantic affinities and platforms likely extend the distribution of these species into coastal West Africa. At least one potential invasive species, the snowflake coral (Carijoa riisei), was observed on the platforms. Oil platforms may act as stepping stones, increasing regional biodiversity and production but they may also be vectors for invasive species. Gabon is a world leader in terrestrial conservation with a network of protected areas covering >10% of the country. Oil exploration and biodiversity conservation currently co-exist in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems in Gabon. Efforts to increase marine protection in Gabon may benefit by including oil platforms in the marine protected area design process.","10.1371/journal.pone.0103709","https://lens.org/031-495-245-414-941 and https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0103709&type=printable"
"130","12678985","18521","JOUR","Strong, J. A. and Wardell, C. and Haïssoune, A. and Jones, A. L. and Coals, L.","2022","Marine habitat mapping to support the use of conservation and anti-trawl structures in Kep Province, Cambodia","full_search","80","8","2197–2209","The marine habitats within the Kep Archipelago, Cambodia, support species of conservation importance and commercial value. Despite the area being designated a Marine Fisheries Management Area (equivalent to a Marine Protected Area locally), illegal trawling has continued to damage vulnerable habitats within the region. To augment the protection of the designated area, Conservation and Anti Trawl Structures (CATS) have been deployed locally. These structures can snare the nets of illegal trawlers and provide a hard substratum for coral colonization. A sidescan sonar survey and ground truthing campaign was used to precisely locate the 40 CATS deployed and produce maps of the important benthic habitats in the area. Due to the challenging coastal environment and minimal available infrastructure, this study used small, rechargeable or low-power (12 V), and low-cost habitat mapping equipment to map the approximate extent of several benthic habitats of conservation interest. The area and type of habitat protected by CATS has been estimated by combining the marine habitat map with the precise locations of the deployed CATS. It is hoped that this information will help inform local management decisions, such as optimizing the placement of future CATS.","10.1093/icesjms/fsac001","https://lens.org/110-501-630-858-495 and https://watermark.silverchair.com/fsac001.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAA4UwggOBBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggNyMIIDbgIBADCCA2cGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQM3z1ySlUsFPNMCaHZAgEQgIIDOA0K790IW4l5VnC77bgyTlpjV_nIgbZEXhurXBNcF0OPMTzsmWmynLbTPZIPKEUcrQ90B7omWwSIe69FSBnycxOWyWBz3CondYTLqy1FlVitCExQYMPpADpHb8IEndr8UttVOjwcz3DOL62sVo7NyPzUO6tuMmiF5npJ4zgxklA36r2wTcEVSbvfb5FqH99Y9IMn8HhGOAIfFtSMQhd2MZzow0CqnNN1Sw97XbUUDSWR6jDJnceqnKfG1zsV85RK12b3-oS_qg1rHqfuWstCpxgLpj_379R9fvSyI0kQ5o1Y7K3apVbu6AYoy2-Rup2Nsc1juNQ9hVNNQVzG1ZbVm8oy49y06wZtvHQzVjGyvomTzbWQGDukk-HpPLGGjWGJQ2_hbWnhua3Vlhfzxaaxp098d-k4TMTRCWHDopUn4ENobpxy7whXpyrE5jBDRpRPgC35E39uzB--lmUf3fTV5gqchB1VWSvc2DTMrlxojHDrIb7w6wExFsB064mGl4dlx5-crXP60Qb5tLo1PT9UHlcg2CSvBj_Oqf5CRH0WmpEetNS12z7S51yK_bpWYSzTdoR68qdsxlT_M0Y1iJa_XjDefC4RLvs1NtjXFtEu5zNufM9IL5yYaxMVcXJMtFJMBYcK6qYCsvkYXpqB0M3b6Cf1lc0tccgh1GivwgREoAGrOzapqCHE0z54yTM57S-4XjzpcFFYA0qCBFzFEKyJfVdZxh5AR27niWfLDyn7YpMQsTnhccYtJAWJqUB3bjWU4eNNNFWlnYbMKPIexcybyuJAWlYQuEqSDozLvHM0Fdpv5NxCOs_pU0pg9NKWTvKN9RmBiKShT1dxt_1ap_LiMDwtACxaeLJsky6F16G00xiSMBGg91PbTSOKrmyh-Gil_qM4M3NKCro_-3mWVL1QD4EdggETsIFVRfHhFpcheEiBxESaft2pF5237LAxNxnYmtzXQ8N1p7gnZLEksVIr4qoP3QQRurSapaewT55GE41C2YX2YlACkBxGqGUn_veT2mJFeOtKpzUqyfCxLqg7TvaNDXhwlu7icLao_Hza8tdtfSwy658CBnxTPArcR9Zmx0Glr-VFx7Lt"
"131","12678913","5232","JOUR","Horoszowski-Fridman, Yael B. and Brethes, Jean-Claude and Rahmani, Nathaeele and Rinkevich, Baruch","2015","Marine silviculture: Incorporating ecosystem engineering properties into reef restoration acts","full_search","82",NA,"201-213","In the gardening approach for reef restoration, coral stocks are farmed in underwater nurseries (phase I) prior to their transplantation onto degraded reefs (phase II). The phase I aspects were already evaluated in the literature, but very little is known about the phase II outcomes. Assessing phase II feasibility, we transplanted 554 nursery-farmed colonies of two branching species (Stylophora pistillata, Pocillopora damicornis) onto five denuded knolls in Eilat (Red Sea). The performance of the transplants was compared for 17 months with 76 natal colonies and 217 colonies maintained at the coral-nursery. At the natural reef, rates of full/partial mortalities, detachment and fish herbivory were considerably higher than the nursery values. While corallivory on Pocillopora transplants was comparable to that observed in natal colonies, herbivory on Stylophora transplants increased 2.2 fold compared to natal controls. Their survivorship was similar to the survivorship observed in natal colonies in the 9 months post transplantation, but was 30% higher after 17 months. In contrast, no enhanced mortality was documented in Pocillopora transplants throughout the entire period. The detachment levels of the Stylophora and Pocillopora transplants were 3 and 10 times higher, respectively, than those observed in natal colonies, and the growth rates of the transplants were identical to the rates observed in the nursery control groups. Transplants showed a 2.5-3.3 fold increase in colonial ecological-volumes, resulting in enhanced acquired space/habitats for coral-dwelling species like Trapezia, Alpheus, Spirobranchus and Lithophaga. The successful integration of farmed transplants in Eilat's degraded reef and their provision of new ecological niches for reef-associated fauna, coupled with economic assessments, indicate that transplantation of farmed corals is an easy, cost-effective mean to counteract degradation of coral reefs. Results also imply that the selection of coral species for reef restoration should take into consideration their autogenic/allogenic engineering properties, particularly if the aims are to restore the whole reef community, rather than simply focus on coral coverage.","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.04.104","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/marine-silviculture-incorporating-ecosystem/docview/1712560372/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857415002189?via%3Dihub"
"132","12678666","13644","JOUR","Nozawa, Y.","2008","Micro-crevice structure enhances coral spat survivorship","full_search","367","2","127-130","This study examined effects of microstructure (hereafter termed ""micro-crevices"") on the surface of settlement substrata, which provides refuge for minute coral spats from grazing and, hence, could enhance coral spat survivorship. Survival of coral spats settling on plain tile-surfaces or in artificially-made micro-crevices on the tile-surfaces were monitored in situ using three scleractinian coral species; Echinophyllia aspera, Favites pentagona, and Platygyra contorta. All coral spats settling on the plain tile-surfaces died without traces of skeleton within the first four months of the experiments while some spats that settled in the micro-crevices still survived by the end of the one-year experimental period with survival rates of up to 12%. The results demonstrated the role of micro-crevice structure enhancing coral spat survivorship in the three coral species. Hence, given grazing activity, micro-crevice structure may be a significant factor influencing development of scleractinian coral communities. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","10.1016/j.jembe.2008.09.004","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-56249145973&doi=10.1016%2fj.jembe.2008.09.004&partnerID=40&md5=81347f31be70de44068e0719c6c73485 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098108004395?via%3Dihub"
"133","12678539","12140","JOUR","Levy, G. and Shaish, L. and Haim, A. and Rinkevich, B.","2010","Mid-water rope nursery Testing design and performance of a novel reef restoration instrument","full_search","36","4","560-569","Fast degradation of coral reefs worldwide has promoted the exploitation of active restoration instruments, one of which is the 'gardening concept'. This concept comprises two phases: (1) establishing in situ coral nurseries for rearing large numbers of coral fragments: (2) their transplantation onto denuded reefs. This study tested the design and performance of a novel mid-water floating nursery instrument, a 'rope nursery'. This nursery accommodated small coral fragments attached to a rope, creating an easily constructed nursery bed that is rapid and inexpensive. Two sets of experiments were conducted: the first tested two mid-water rope nursery prototypes in small-scale trials that tested depth, coral genotypes and construction stability, whereas the second set incorporated lessons learned from the first set, and was designed to carry larger numbers of colonies. These highly economical nurseries (US$ 0.11/fragment) revealed high survivorship low detachment and fast growth rates compared to previous coral-nursery types. Moreover, the coiling force of the ropes adequately held fragments without adhesives, and the minimal surface area of rope nursery beds provided not only improved water flux around farmed corals, but also reduced proliferation of fouling organisms. The rope nursery prototypes studied here attest to the diversity of their potential uses under various conditions and demands, making the construction of large scale nurseries a very feasible target. This restoration instrument was proven to be an effective coral reef rehabilitation tool. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.12.003","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77249143999&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoleng.2009.12.003&partnerID=40&md5=b5c5bb4f935a68a97053c4e4947c79cb and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857409003498?via%3Dihub"
"134","12678339","18297","JOUR","Mendoza, Edgar and Ríos, Ana and Mariño-Tapia, Ismael and Silva, Rodolfo","2019","Modular coral shaped artificial reefs acting as beach protection barriers","full_search",NA,NA,"989-997","Beach protection is rapidly turning into a multidisciplinary field in which physical, environmental and socioeconomic aspects acquire similar weights in the design and decision making processes. The final protection strategy (nature-based, engineered ecosystems, soft engineering or ecologically enhanced hard infrastructure) depends on several factors: an accurate diagnosis of the coastal problem, the importance of the human assets to be protected, the level of admissible uncertainty and the desired resilience of the coastal system; none of which can be considered as of lesser importance. In this scenario, it is widely accepted that mimicking nature, in the functioning, the space occupied and even in the shape, is the path to successful coastal defense projects. The present work describes the laboratory testing of a novel prefabricated element intended to imitate the shape, hydrodynamics and ecological performance of coral reefs. The coral shaped elements were designed to replicate the form of the tropical Acropora palmata. The results show that these elements dissipate a large amount of energy, mainly by wave breaking and friction; similar in performance to natural reefs. Wave trains equivalent to storm conditions were tested and in several tests the coastline was found to displace seawards. The coastal dune was found to cede sand to the beach as would occur in natural beaches. The overall performance of the barrier is acceptable; it can be considered an efficient and environmentally friendly beach protection alternative.","10.18451/978-3-939230-64-9_099","https://lens.org/102-039-083-529-969"
"135","12678306","12571","JOUR","Rubin, E. T. and Enochs, I. C. and Foord, C. and Mayfield, A. B. and Kolodziej, G. and Basden, I. and Manzello, D. P.","2021","Molecular mechanisms of coral persistence within highly urbanized locations in the Port of Miami, Florida","full_search","8",NA,"695236","Healthy coral communities can be found on artificial structures (concrete walls and riprap) within the Port of Miami (PoM), Florida. These communities feature an unusually high abundance of brain corals, which have almost entirely vanished from nearby offshore reefs. These corals appear to be thriving in very low-quality waters influenced by dense ship and boat traffic, dredging, and numerous residential and industrial developments. The PoM basin is part of Biscayne Bay, an estuarine environment that experiences frequent freshwater input, high nutrient loading, hypoxia, and acidification. To investigate if there is a molecular basis behind the ability of these corals to persist within these highly ""urbanized"" waters, we compared whole transcriptome expression profiles from 25 PoM Pseudodiploria strigosa colonies against six conspecifics from a nearby offshore reef. We found that the urban corals exhibited higher expression of (1) transcripts encoding pattern-recognition receptors which may allow these corals to better sense and detect food particles and pathogenic invaders; (2) digestive and degradation-associated enzymes, which may suggest an elevated capacity for heterotrophy and pathogen digestion; and (3) transcripts related to innate immunity, defense, and cellular detoxification, which may collectively protect against pathogenic organisms and water pollution impacts. Large ribosomal subunit rRNA gene mapping revealed that P. strigosa colonies from the PoM sites predominantly hosted heat-tolerant endosymbionts from the genus Durusdinium while offshore conspecifics' communities were dominated by symbionts in the genus Breviolum. These findings reveal transcriptomic plasticity and molecular mechanisms contributing to the persistence of these corals within a highly urbanized habitat.","10.3389/fmars.2021.695236","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1139802146"
"136","12678017","928","JOUR","Suzuki, Go and Kai, Sayaka and Yamashita, Hiroshi and Suzuki, Kiyoshi and Iehisa, Yukihiro and Hayashibara, Takeshi","2011","Narrower grid structure of artificial reef enhances initial survival of in situ settled coral","full_search","62","12","2803-2812","The initial factors that cause a decline in the survival of in situ settled corals remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated through field experiments that the design of artificial grid plates may influence the initial survival of Acropora corals, with narrower grids being the most effective. In fact, grid plates with a 2.5-cm mesh presented the highest recorded survival rate (14%) at 6 months after settlement (representing approximately 50 corals per 0.25 m(2) of plate). This is the first study where such high survival rates, matching those of cultures under aquarium conditions, were obtained in the field without using additional protective measures, such as guard nets against fish grazing after seeding. Therefore, our results provide a foundation for establishing new and effective coral restoration techniques for larval seeding, in parallel to clarifying the details of the early life stages of reef-building corals.","10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.08.050","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1044458410 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X11004747?via%3Dihub"
"137","12677865","7193","JOUR","Viyakarn, V. and Chavanich, S. and Raksasab, C. and Loyjiw, T.","2009","New coral community on a breakwater in Thailand","full_search","28","2","427","In 1995, an 800 m long breakwater, composed of granite rocks (sizes between 1 and 8 m3), was constructed to create a new military harbor at the Royal Thai Navy, Sattahip, Chonburi Province, Thailand (Fig. 1). Prior to construction, most corals were transplanted from the area to other islands, which were located ~1.2 km southwest of the breakwater.","https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0453-9","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/new-coral-community-on-breakwater-thailand/docview/21265603/se-2 and https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00338-008-0453-9.pdf"
"138","12677779","14147","JOUR","Chamberland, V. F. and Petersen, D. and Guest, J. R. and Petersen, U. and Brittsan, M. and Vermeij, M. J. A.","2017","New seeding approach reduces costs and time to outplant sexually propagated corals for reef restoration","full_search","7","1","18076-18076","The use of sexually propagated corals is gaining popularity as an approach for reef restoration. However, manually attaching substrates with recently settled corals to the reef using binding materials is both time-consuming and expensive, limiting the use of this technique to small spatial scales. We present a novel approach whereby young corals are 'seeded' on the reef without the need for manual attachment to the benthos. We tested two tetrapod-shaped concrete substrates (7.9 and 9.8 cm in diameter) on which coral larvae were settled. The tetrapods were efficiently deployed by wedging them in reef crevices, in 1.5 to 7% of the time required for traditional outplanting techniques. Seeding tetrapods was most effective in reefs with moderately to highly complex topographies, where they rapidly became lodged in crevices or cemented to the benthos by encrusting organisms. After one year, average recruit survival was 9.6% and 67% of tetrapods still harboured at least one coral colony, and overall, this approach resulted in a 5 to 18 fold reduction in outplanting costs compared to common outplanting methods. This seeding approach represents a substantial reduction in costs and time required to introduce sexually propagated corals to reefs, and could possibly enable larger scale reef restoration.","10.1038/s41598-017-17555-z","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039155839&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-017-17555-z&partnerID=40&md5=0d118ff8b112e4ad6d7acee530e5c916 and https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-17555-z.pdf"
"139","12677560","10516","CONF","Kawasaki, K. and Kiku, M. and Sasada, Y.","2008","Numerical and experimental study on wave deformation and overtopping around vertical seawall in coral reef sea area","full_search",NA,NA,"698-705","The main purpose of this study is to investigate wave deformation over a coral reef and wave overtopping characteristics around a vertical seawall by carrying out hydraulic model experiments and numerical computations with a two-dimensional numerical wave flume based on a VOF method 'CADMAS-SURF', The comparison of the numerical and experimental results reveals that the CADMAS-SURF can reproduce well the experimental results regarding wave deformation and wave overtopping rate. The results also indicate that the mean water level increases due to successive wave breaking over the reef and wave setup takes place remarkably. The wave overtopping rate for the reef topography is found to be much larger than one on the mild slope. Copyright © 2008 by The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).",NA,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58449124092&partnerID=40&md5=0a6513a14efca701dd4953c8357e4297"
"140","12677264","17245","JOUR","Bedoya, Monica Andrea and Tobón, Jorge Iván and Herrera, Tatiana Correa and Rendón, Juan Diego Correa","2014","An opportunity for environmental conservation: Evaluation of test material for construction of artificial reefs modules trainers made of ecological concrete","full_search","600",NA,"606-614","As a result of the degradation of coral reefs around the world and given that conservation efforts alone are not enough, artificial reefs have been proposed as a tool for the conservation of these ecosystems and recovery. As part of an initiative to develop modules forming artificial reefs made of concrete to promote the ecological conservation of the biodiversity of the Colombian Caribbean, this work constitutes a starting point. During eight months two trapezoidal plates were submerged in the waters surrounding the Bajo Grande (Isla Palma) archipelago de San Bernardo in the Colombian Caribbean; the plates were fabricated in concrete with Portland cement and waste ceramic. Seeking a more ecological product, aggregates were replaced entirely by ceramic waste. After making biological and physicochemical evaluations of the material exposed to the marine environment it was concluded that this is a favorable substrate for the development of coral reefs; and the plates were colonized on more than 30% of its surface by marine organisms, their structure was found internally stable and there were no adverse effects on marine biota near the test site.","10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.606","https://lens.org/067-989-573-396-806 and https://www.scientific.net/KEM.600.606"
"141","12676847","12629","JOUR","Jayanthi, M. and Edward, J. K. P. and Malleshappa, H. and Asir, N. G. G. and Mathews, G. and Raj, K. D. and Bilgi, D. S. and Kumar, T. K. A. and Sannasiraj, S. A.","2020","Perforated trapezoidal artificial reefs can augment the benefits of restoration of island and its marine ecosystem","full_search","28","1","233-243","The Gulf of Mannar (GoM) is located along the southeast coast of India. It has a chain of 21 low-lying uninhabited islands extending from Rameswaram to Tuticorin. These islands are endowed with coral reefs, beds of seagrasses, and other associated marine life. Growing human population has led to accelerated coral mining and destructive fishing practices and this has brought about changes in the bio-geomorphology of the islands, altered the hydrodynamic conditions, and resulted in severe erosion of the islands. The area of Vaan Island had decreased from 20.8 ha in 1969 to 2.33 ha in 2015. While hard measures have proven successful in preventing erosion, ecosystem-based measures taking into account the resilience of the flora and fauna yield greater and more natural benefits. A total of 10,600 perforated trapezoidal artificial reef (AR) modules were deployed in clusters along two rows on the windward side of Vaan Island. ARs of 1 and 2 m height were placed respectively along contours of 2 and 3 m depth. The shape and arrangement of the ARs dissipated wave energy through the shoaling effect. As a result, a spit appeared and the area increased to 3.15 ha. The ARs also support epibenthic communities, benthic macrofauna, corals, and fishes. The deployment of an ecosystem-based multipurpose perforated trapezoidal AR model has been successful not only in restoring the sinking island but also in enhancing the species richness, and it can be adopted as a tool in the restoration of islands and their marine ecosystems.","10.1111/rec.13041","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075437871&doi=10.1111%2frec.13041&partnerID=40&md5=bbcb60e8af8f603c3357b6e3130b3b15 and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/rec.13041"
"142","12676844","4855","JOUR","Baria‐Rodriguez, Maria Vanessa and Cruz, Dexter W. and Dizon, Romeo M. and Yap, Helen T. and Villanueva, Ronald D.","2019","Performance and cost‐effectiveness of sexually produced Acropora granulosa juveniles compared with asexually generated coral fragments in restoring degraded reef areas","full_search","29","6","891-900",NA,"10.1002/aqc.3132","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.3132 and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/aqc.3132"
"143","12676835","15162","JOUR","Zheng, X. Q. and Li, Y. C. and Liang, J. L. and Lin, R. C. and Wang, D. R.","2021","Performance of ecological restoration in an impaired coral reef in the Wuzhizhou Island, Sanya, China","full_search","39","1","135-147","Coral restoration is becoming popular to help restoring degraded coral reefs. However, few studies have tried to monitor the long-term recovery of coral reefs, which makes it difficult to assess the performance of the restoration. We monitored the growth of three transplanted Acropora corals and naturally-attached Pocillopora damicornis on artificial reefs (ARs) from October 2014 to September 2018 during which there were several attacks of typhoons. Results show that two staghorn Acropora species had the highest growth rates (11.0-12.1 cm/a), followed by table coral A. divaricate (5.6 cm/a) and P. damicornis (4.8 cm/a). A linear growth pattern was found for the three Acropora species; the pattern gradually slowed in P. damicornis. There was a strong interspecific competition for space among the corals on ARs, and it led to the sharply declined occurrence of slow-growing P. darmicornis colonies in 2017. Coral recovery was successful at the Wuzhizhou Island and quickly increased AR complexity. However, the ARs made of metal frames fail to resist the direct attack from a catastrophic typhoon. Therefore, concrete and environmental-friendly materials should be used in future restoration. This study is the first report on long-term monitoring and assessment of coral reef restoration in China. The results offer future guide of reef restoration for impaired coral reefs in regions easily affected by typhoons.","10.1007/s00343-020-9253-z","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/performance-ecological-restoration-impaired-coral/docview/2500467057/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://link-springer-com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/content/pdf/10.1007/s00343-020-9253-z.pdf"
"144","12676833","11343","JOUR","Leonard, Camille and Hédouin, Laetitia and Lacorne, Margaux C. and Dalle, Julien and Lapinski, Matthieu and Blanc, Philippe and Nugues, Maggy M.","2022","Performance of innovative materials as recruitment substrates for coral restoration","full_search","30","7",NA,"Artificial reefs and, more recently, ecoengineering are frequently advocated as possible tools to counteract the loss of tropical coral reefs worldwide. Despite increasing availability of novel materials, there is limited understanding of how different materials and their physical and chemical properties can influence coral recruitment success and early benthic community development. This study investigated the efficacy of several innovative materials as recruitment substrates for corals and other sessile benthic communities. Stacks of vertically oriented tiles made of eight innovative materials and two common (control) materials were deployed for 6 months during major coral spawning events on the forereef of Mo'orea, French Polynesia. Tiles were separated from their neighbors by 15 mm to mimic cryptic habitats that are sheltered from predation and typically favored by coral recruits. Six innovative materials, including 3D printed concrete, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with chitosan coating, fiberglass polymer, and flax-based polylactic acid, produced similar coral recruitment to control materials (Portland concrete and PVC). Two materials (porous concrete and ceramic foam) produced lower recruitment. Porous concrete was characterized by a high abundance of non-coralline encrusting red algae, which negatively correlated with coral recruitment, while ceramic foam was prone to erosion. The results suggest the structural micro-complexity and durability of an artificial material and the composition of the benthic communities colonizing it can strongly influence coral recruitment. This study highlights several innovative materials as suitable recruitment substrates for coral restoration and provides a better understanding of the properties of artificial materials that are critical for coral recruitment success.","10.1111/rec.13625","https://lens.org/036-590-316-467-432 and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/rec.13625"
"145","12676785","10247","JOUR","Godefroid, Mathilde and Todinanahary, Gildas and Dubois, Philippe and Eeckhaut, Igor and Sturaro, Nicolas and Lepoint, Gilles and Terrana, Lucas","2021","Perspectives on working underwater with black coral nubbins (Cnidaria: Antipatharia): The case of Cirrhipathes anguina (Dana, 1846)","full_search","545",NA,"151645","In order to test the feasibility of transplantation of the whip black coral species Cirrhipathes anguina (Dana, 1846) from Madagascar, transplants were installed on cultivation tables in two sites (the North Pass and the Grande Vasque) characterized by distinct environmental conditions. Following transplantation, the transplants were followed for short-term (20 days) healing capacities and medium-term (200 days) mortality and growth rates. Results show a successful transplantation in both sites with 0% mortality (except in the form of missing fragments) and a certain growth over 200 days. Maximum growth rates were 3.4 cm/month and 2.0 cm/month in the North Pass and in the Grande Vasque, respectively. In addition, mean time to total healing was delayed in the Grande Vasque compared to the transplants in the North Pass (10 days). Differences between sites are likely to be related to differences in environmental parameters. Altogether, the promising results obtained with the easy protocol used in this study encourage the use of black coral transplants in further in situ experiments and restoration projects.","10.1016/j.jembe.2021.151645","https://lens.org/032-997-310-698-060 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098121001350?via%3Dihub"
"146","12676759","10510","JOUR","Work, T. M. and Aeby, G. S. and Maragos, J. E.","2008","Phase shift from a coral to a corallimorph-dominated reef associated with a shipwreck on Palmyra atoll","full_search","3","8","2989-2989","Coral reefs can undergo relatively rapid changes in the dominant biota, a phenomenon referred to as phase shift. Various reasons have been proposed to explain this phenomenon including increased human disturbance, pollution, or changes in coral reef biota that serve a major ecological function such as depletion of grazers. However, pinpointing the actual factors potentially responsible can be problematic. Here we show a phase shift from coral to the corallimorpharian Rhodactis howesii associated with a long line vessel that wrecked in 1991 on an isolated atoll (Palmyra) in the central Pacific Ocean. We documented high densities of R. howesii near the ship that progressively decreased with distance from the ship whereas R. howesii were rare to absent in other parts of the atoll. We also confirmed high densities of R. howesii around several buoys recently installed on the atoll in 2001. This is the first time that a phase shift on a coral leef has been unambiguously associated with man-made structures. This association was made, in part, because of the remoteness of Palmyra and its recent history of minimal human habitation or impact. Phase shifts can have long-term negative ramification for coral reefs, and eradication of organisms responsible for phase shifts in marine ecosystems can be difficult, particularly if such organisms cover a large area. The extensive R. howesii invasion and subsequent loss of coral reef habitat at Palmyra also highlights the importance of rapid removal of shipwrecks on corals reefs to mitigate the potential of reef overgrowth by invasives.","10.1371/journal.pone.0002989","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-52149097571&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0002989&partnerID=40&md5=d07532f8023e4d42ba219588087bb29e and https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0002989&type=printable"
"147","12676591","5797","JOUR","Latynov, Y. Y.","1992","Pioneer settlements of reef-building corals on pile piers of oil-drilling platforms in the South China Sea","full_search","17","3",NA,"Coral settlements on piles of oil-drilling platforms rigged up in the South China Sea from 1984 to 1988 were investigated. The composition and structure of the settlements of 11 species of corals were determined. The biogenic substrate, which had formed over two years on the metal tubes of the piers and comprised mainly bivalve mollusks and barnacles, caused the beginning of the third phase of succession of tropical fouling - the development of an artificial coral reef. A pioneer settlement of mass species of reef-building corals can produce a buildup of huge masses and volume of calcium carbonate due to the formation of the reef skeleton, thus causing repeated resistance to wave pressures by the entire installation and creating a hazardous situation (DBO).",NA,"https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/pioneer-settlements-reef-building-corals-on-pile/docview/15680075/se-2?accountid=10598"
"148","12676577","12668","JOUR","Hong, S. and Baek, S. and Kim, Y. and Lee, J. and Prasetyo, A. and Kim, W. and Kwon, S.","2021","Planar Installation Characteristics of Crown Depth-Variable Artificial Coral Reef on Improving Coastal Resilience: A 3D Large-Scale Experiment","full_search","13","11","1526","Coastal resilience has received significant attention for managing beach erosion issues. We introduced flexible artificial coral reef (ACR) structures to diminish coastal erosion, but planar installation effects should be considered to evaluate the feasibility of coastline maintenance. In this study, we conducted a three-dimensional large-scale experiment to investigate the characteristics of planar installation of ACR, focusing on the wave mitigation performance, wave profile deformation with delay, nearshore current movement, deposition and erosion trends, and beach profile variation. We found that the ACR diminished the wave height by similar to 50% and the current intensity by similar to 60% compared with that of a conventional submerged breakwater made of dolos units. Using the dispersion velocity of the dye in a tracer experiment, the dispersion time of the ACR was approximately 1.67-times longer than that of the dolos and the current velocity was reduced, revealing that ACR significantly reduced structural erosion. With dolos, severe erosion of >10 cm occurred behind the structure, whereas there was only slight erosion with the ACR. Moreover, in a vertical beach-profile analysis, the ACR exhibited greater shoreline accretion than that of dolos. These results indicate the potential of ACR in improving coastal resilience.","10.3390/w13111526","https://lens.org/125-035-023-270-12X and https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/water/water-13-01526/article_deploy/water-13-01526-v5.pdf?version=1624618721"
"149","12676537","10053","JOUR","Combillet, Lisa and Fabregat-Malé, Sònia and Mena, Sebastián and Marín-Moraga, José Andrés and Gutierrez, Monica and Alvarado, Juan José","2022","Pocillopora spp. growth analysis on restoration structures in an Eastern Tropical Pacific upwelling area","full_search","10",NA,"e13248","Coral reefs in Culebra Bay (North Pacific of Costa Rica) are threatened by multiple anthropogenic disturbances including global warming, overfishing, eutrophication, and invasive species outbreaks. It is possible to assist their recovery by implementing ecological restoration techniques. This study used artificial hexagonal steel structures, called ""spiders"" to compare growth of Pocillopora spp. coral fragments of different sizes. Three initial fragment class sizes were used: 2, 5 and 8 cm, with each class size having 42 initial fragments. Changes in fragment length, width and area were measured monthly from January to December 2020. Results showed an overall survivorship of 70.21%, and no significant differences in survivorship and linear growth rate were detected between class sizes. The linear growth rates are 4.49 ± 1.19 cm year -1, 5.35 ± 1.48 cm year -1 and 3.25 ± 2.22 cm year -1 for the 2, 5 and 8 cm initial class sizes, respectively. Our results do not show significant differences in growth rates between the different initial fragment sizes. However, since small fragments (2 cm) present higher mortality during the first month, we recommend using larger fragments. In addition, coral fragments grew 48% more during the non-upwelling season, which may suggest that it might be more effective and safer to start the restoration efforts during this period.","10.7717/peerj.13248","https://lens.org/032-333-243-060-494 and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9233897/pdf/peerj-10-13248.pdf"
"150","12676396","13303","JOUR","Antink, M. M. H. and Ropke, L. and Bartels, J. and Soltmann, C. and Kunzmann, A. and Rezwan, K. and Kroll, S.","2018","Porous ceramics with tailored pore size and morphology as substrates for coral larval settlement","full_search","44","14","16561-16571","The growing demand for stony corals as ornamental aquarium animals requires defined aquacultural breeding strategies. For the sexual propagation of corals, material substrates are needed, that attract larvae and support their settlement and development. In this study, five types of highly porous ceramic materials were developed following the example of coral skeleton. The applicability of these settlement substrates was tested using larvae of the stony coral Pocillopora damicornis. Partial sintering of pressed clay pellets, freeze casting of clay and alumina-mullite based slurries and direct foaming of high alkane phase emulsified suspensions (HAPES) using alumina were employed. By the addition of mm-sized spherical polystyrene beads as sacrificial templates during freeze casting (alumina-mullite), superficial pores in the size of the larvae were created. The inorganic substrates featured open porosities between 35% (pressed clay) and 83% (foamed alumina), pore sizes ranging from nm to mm-scale and pore morphologies dominated by interparticle porosity (pressed), lamellar pores (freeze casting) and cellular pore types (direct foaming). The ceramic substrates were incubated in artificial sea water for 3 months to induce necessary biofilm formation and algae growth. Afterwards, individual substrates were exposed to 5 coral larvae, and their settlement behavior was monitored over 14 days. At the end of this period, all ceramic materials were successfully accepted as settlement substrates, with a mean settlement rate of 46.2%, and no significant differences between the substrate types. On samples with large surface superficial pores, a significantly reduced survival of settled larvae (79%) compared to the other porous materials (93-98%) was determined, suggesting a non-ideal surface topography. While alumina foam samples (HAPES) exhibit the most promising results in terms of settlement and survival of larvae, clay-based substrates provide a more economic solution for the sexual propagation of corals in aquaculture.","10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.06.078","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1104610052 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272884218315049?via%3Dihub"
"151","12676329","216","JOUR","Hamizan, Y. Muhammad and Shahbudin, Saad and Hadry, N. Noor Faizul and Mahfuzah, Y. and Rafindde, R. and Akmal, K. Mohd Fikri and Husaini, R. Mohd","2015","The potential of artificial live rock as subtrate for coral spat and epibenthic organisms","full_search","77","25","25-29","Over-exploitation on natural live rock promotes the degradation of ocean ecosystem. This concern has been raised since harvesting may reduce the density of marine ornamentals and degrade marine habitat quality. This study aims to develop artificial live rocks (ALR) that potentially to be used as one of the alternatives to reduce the overharvesting activity toward natural live rocks. The study was conducted at Bidong Island, Terengganu started from April to October 2014. There were 2 types of ALR used in this study; rough and smooth surfaces. A total of 64 pieces of ALR were deployed in April 2014 and retrieved in June, August and October 2014 respectively. Identification in terms of coral spat species and macrobenthic organisms was done after the each retrieval. Coral spat was identified based on the morphology of their columella, septa and corallite wall by using Dinolight Digital Camera. Four species of coral juveniles (Pocillopora damicornis, Stylophora pistillata, Seriatopora hystrix and Acropora millepora) were found attached on ALR surfaces. Whereby, there were 11 phyla of epibenthic organisms were found to attach on ALR which dominated by turf algae and red algae. Percentage coverage of epibenthic calculated using Coral Point Count with Excel extension (CPCe) shown ALR was dominated by turf algae after 2 months (69%) and 4 months (20%) of deployment respectively. Afterward, Red algae (31%) dominated after 6 months of deployment. There was significant difference between coral species and the surfaces (p 0.05). This finding showed that ALR has a potential to be upgraded as artificial reef towards marine habitat restoration.","10.11113/jt.v77.6732","https://lens.org/000-202-363-187-333 and https://journals.utm.my/jurnalteknologi/article/download/6732/4690"
"152","12676163","5378","JOUR","Loh, Tse-Lynn and Tanzil, J. T. I. and Chou, L. M.","2006","Preliminary study of community development and scleractinian recruitment on fibreglass artificial reef units in the sedimented waters of Singapore","full_search","16","1","61-76","1. Fibreglass was used to make specially designed reef enhancement units (REUs) for three reef sites in Singapore. Units were established in areas measuring approximately 20 X 50 m. 2. The units are compact and light enough to be deployed from small boats by scuba divers, and are suitable for shallow reefs with limited visibility. 3. The design of the REUs precludes excessive sediment build-up on the settlement surfaces, while allowing water currents to flow through the system. 4. The REUs were monitored monthly over two years to observe community development and scleractinian coral recruitment on the exterior surfaces. Recruitment was compared between REUs and rubble quadrats at one study site. 5. The REUs were colonized by turf algae within the first month, followed by crustose coralline algae, macroalgae, ascidians and hydroids. At the end of two years, the percentage cover of crustose coralline algae at all three sites was more than 50%. 6. The first incidence of coral recruitment was six months post deployment, and recruitment rates at the end of the monitoring period ranged from 0.10 to 4.75 recruits per square metre for the three sites. Recruits show better survival and growth on REUs compared to rubble areas. 7. The most abundant recruit was Pocillopora damicornis, followed by favids, acroporids and poritids.","https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.701","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/preliminary-study-community-development/docview/20158041/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/aqc.701"
"153","12676162","7119","JOUR","Fadli, Nur and Kunzmann, Andreas and von Jutarzenka, Karen and Rudi, Edi and Muchlisin, Zainal A.","2013","A preliminary study of corals recruitment using coral rubbles substrate in Seribu Island waters, Indonesia","full_search","6","3","246-252","Coral recruitment is important in natural recovery and coral rehabilitation program. Here, we tested the coral rubbles as substrate for coral recruitment. The study was conducted on the first week of September 2007 until the second week of January 2008 in Panggang Island, Seribu Islands, Indonesia. The results showed that the recruited coral were settled on the substrate in both depths (6 and 10 m). A total of 5 families of recruited coral were recorded during the study, namely Acroporidae, Pocilloporidae, Oculinidae, Fungiidae and Poritidae. There were no differences in term of the number of recruits that were found in 6 and 10 m depth.",NA,"https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/preliminary-study-corals-recruitment-using-coral/docview/2058587969/se-2?accountid=10598"
"154","12675677","6625","JOUR","Ng, Chin Soon Lionel and Chou, Loke Ming","2014","Rearing juvenile 'corals of opportunity' in in situ nurseries - A reef rehabilitation approach for sediment-impacted environments","full_search","10","8","833-838","Scleractinians which have recruited on unstable substrates could function as a source of 'corals of opportunity' (COP). This study investigated the rearing of juvenile 'corals of opportunity' in an in situ coral nursery to assist in the rehabilitation of reefs in sedimented environments. Juvenile COPs of Pectinia paeonia (n = 71) and Pachyseris speciosa (n = 45) were collected from coral reefs in Singapore, categorized into three size classes (0.1-1.5, 1.6-3.0, 3.1-4.5 cm) and monitored at an in situ coral nursery for five months. Pectinia paeonia juveniles had higher overall survivorship than P. speciosa (93.0 and 69.6%, respectively) and no significant differences in survivorship among the size classes for either species were observed. The mid-sized and large juveniles of both species grew faster than the small ones. Fortnightly sedimentation and growth rates of all size classes of juveniles were weakly correlated (R < 0.22). The study highlighted the feasibility of rearing juvenile COPs in nurseries as material to supplement reef rehabilitation efforts in locations with high sediment load and unconsolidated substrate.","https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2013.853124","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/rearing-juvenile-corals-opportunity-situ/docview/1534829638/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/doi/pdf/10.1080/17451000.2013.853124"
"155","12675669","11851","JOUR","Fox, H. E. and Harris, J. L. and Darling, E. S. and Ahmadia, G. N. and Estradivari and Razak, T. B.","2019","Rebuilding coral reefs: success (and failure) 16 years after low-cost, low-tech restoration","full_search","27","4","862-869","Calls for coral reef restoration are increasing amidst continued declines, yet we know little about long-term outcomes and conditions that lead to successful coral recovery. Here, we report on one of the longest monitoring studies following 16 years of large-scale, ""low-tech"" experimental reef rehabilitation on rubble fields created by chronic blast fishing in Komodo National Park, Indonesia. After blast fishing had stopped, in the absence of rehabilitation, hard coral cover in rubble fields remained about 3% from 1999 to 2016, but on rehabilitation treatments, cover increased from 0% in 2002 to 44.5% (+/- 21.9% SD) in 2016. Coral cover varied among sites and treatments (ranging from 80% in 2016) in patterns that may reflect current strength and turbidity. Our results demonstrate that low-tech substrate stabilization can facilitate natural coral recruitment and growth. We conclude that relatively low-cost methods can deliver sustained rehabilitation of hard coral cover and that long-term monitoring should be incorporated more widely in restoration activities to inform return on investment.","10.1111/rec.12935","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062945981&doi=10.1111%2frec.12935&partnerID=40&md5=e39206a2a3cae3afe81918e8974176a6 and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/rec.12935"
"156","12675518","12068","JOUR","Jones, D. A. and Nithyanandan, M.","2013","Recruitment of marine biota onto hard and soft artificially created subtidal habitats in Sabah Al-Ahmad Sea City, Kuwait","full_search","72","2","351-356","Remediation of coastal habitats from impacts such as dredging and excavation in Gulf coastal waters is hampered by a lack of information on natural recolonisation rates and recruitment patterns of subtidal biota. For soft substrate habitats recovery information is only available for severely polluted sites where recovery takes many years (Jones et al., 2008). Construction of the Sabah Al-Ahmad Sea City provides a unique opportunity to follow benthic recruitment and community development on a range of artificially created benthic habitats over time. The three phases completed were each flooded by the sea separately and annual ecological surveys allow comparison of colonisation patterns and community development rates over time. Species diversity similar to that seen in comparable natural open sea habitats is reached within 2-5 years for mixed sand/rock biota, but longer (2-6 years) for sand biota. Biotic abundance exceeds open sea levels within 1-2 years due to settlement of opportunistic species. Coral recruitment occurred within 3 years. Present data provides a reference point for recovery rates into none polluted benthic habitats for the Gulf. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.001","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880330034&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpolbul.2012.11.001&partnerID=40&md5=42f4cf89e039b5754a640b51b02fcbd7 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X12005206?via%3Dihub"
"157","12675440","5251","JOUR","Lane, David J. W. and Lim, Geraldine P. C.","2014","Reef corals in a high sedimentation environment on the 'Mainland' coast of Brunei, Northwest Borneo","full_search","15","Supplement","166-171","The South China Sea coast of Brunei is located near the edge of the Sunda shelf with deep water offshore and very few islands, but numerous submerged bank reefs on the shelf. The inshore coastal waters of this part of northwest Borneo, like much of the shallow Sunda shelf waters of the rest of this large island, are affected by high river runoff and associated plumes of suspended particulates. Consequently nearshore waters are characterized by soft sediments, an inshore turbid zone and very few natural reef coral formations. However, at the fringe of Brunei Bay, human intervention in the form of marine engineering works to create a channel access to Muara port has provided a rock bund substratum that, at one partly wave-sheltered location, has permitted the development of a high cover of a wide range of hard coral colonies. These corals exist in a normal salinity environment (min. 30.3 ppt); apparently the rocky bund protects them from the direct influence of the estuarine plume that emanates from the harbour channel. However, this coral community has colonized, persisted and grown under a high sedimentation regime >70 mg cm super(-1 )day super(-1), a rate of sedimentation that is comparable to that reported elsewhere for sediment-tolerant Scleractinia but which is considered high for Acropora species. This artificial coral community is of interest in the context of natural reef coral communities near estuaries and, additionally, this particular site has a potentially high bio- monitoring value given present and planned land use changes in the hinterland of Brunei Bay.","https://doi.org/10.3755/galaxea.15.166","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/reef-corals-high-sedimentation-environment-on/docview/1551621446/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/galaxea/15/Supplement/15_166/_pdf"
"158","12675433","17280","JOUR","Munasik, null and Sugiyanto, null and Sugianto, Denny Nugroho and Sabdono, Agus","2018","Reef development on artificial patch reefs in shallow water of Panjang Island, Central Java","full_search","116","1","12095","Reef restoration methods are generally developed by propagation of coral fragments, coral recruits and provide substrate for coral attachment using artificial reefs (ARs). ARs have been widely applied as a tool for reef restoration in degraded natural reefs. Successful of coral restoration is determined by reef development such as increasing coral biomass, natural of coral recruits and fauna associated. Artificial Patch Reefs (APRs) is designed by combined of artificial reefs and coral transplantation and constructed by modular circular structures in shape, were deployed from small boats by scuba divers, and are suitable near natural reefs for shallow water with low visibility of Panjang Island, Central Java. Branching corals of Acropora aspera, Montipora digitata and Porites cylindrica fragments were transplanted on to each module of two units of artificial patch reefs in different periods. Coral fragments of Acropora evolved high survival and high growth, Porites fragments have moderate survival and low growth, while fragment of Montipora show in low survival and moderate growth. Within 19 to 22 months of APRs deployment, scleractinian corals were recruited on the surface of artificial patch reef substrates. The most recruits abundant was Montastrea, followed by Poritids, Pocilloporids, and Acroporids. We conclude that artificial patch reefs with developed by coral fragments and natural coral recruitment is one of an alternative rehabilitation method in shallow reef with low visibility.","10.1088/1755-1315/116/1/012095","https://lens.org/069-017-383-714-275"
"159","12675301","4893","JOUR","Schopmeyer, Stephanie A. and Lirman, Diego and Bartels, Erich and Gilliam, David S. and Goergen, Elizabeth A. and Griffin, Sean P. and Johnson, Meaghan E. and Lustic, Caitlin and Maxwell, Kerry and Walter, Cory S.","2017","Regional restoration benchmarks for Acropora cervicornis","full_search","36","4","1047-1057","Coral gardening plays an important role in the recovery of depleted populations of threatened Acropora cervicornis in the Caribbean. Over the past decade, high survival coupled with fast growth of in situ nursery corals have allowed practitioners to create healthy and genotypically diverse nursery stocks. Currently, thousands of corals are propagated and outplanted onto degraded reefs on a yearly basis, representing a substantial increase in the abundance, biomass, and overall footprint of A. cervicornis. Here, we combined an extensive dataset collected by restoration practitioners to document early (1-2 yr) restoration success metrics in Florida and Puerto Rico, USA. By reporting region-specific data on the impacts of fragment collection on donor colonies, survivorship and productivity of nursery corals, and survivorship and productivity of outplanted corals during normal conditions, we provide the basis for a stop-light indicator framework for new or existing restoration programs to evaluate their performance. We show that current restoration methods are very effective, that no excess damage is caused to donor colonies, and that once outplanted, corals behave just as wild colonies. We also provide science-based benchmarks that can be used by programs to evaluate successes and challenges of their efforts, and to make modifications where needed. We propose that up to 10% of the biomass can be collected from healthy, large A. cervicornis donor colonies for nursery propagation. We also propose the following benchmarks for the first year of activities for A. cervicornis restoration: (1) > 75% live tissue cover on donor colonies; (2) > 80% survivorship of nursery corals; and (3) > 70% survivorship of outplanted corals. Finally, we report productivity means of 4.4 cm yr(-1) for nursery corals and 4.8 cm yr(-1) for outplants as a frame of reference for ranking performance within programs. Such benchmarks, and potential subsequent adaptive actions, are needed to fully assess the long-term success of coral restoration and species recovery programs.","10.1007/s00338-017-1596-3","http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00338-017-1596-3 and https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00338-017-1596-3.pdf"
"160","12674943","5908","JOUR","Tortolero-Langarica, J. J. A. and Cupul-Magana, A. L. and Rodriguez-Troncoso, A. P.","2014","Restoration of a degraded coral reef using a natural remediation process: A case study from a Central Mexican Pacific National Park","full_search","96",NA,"12-19","Facing the worldwide coral degradation, active restorations are moving toward improving techniques to maintain coral coverage. Transplant methods have been used to restore coral reef areas that were completely degraded; however restoration is not commonly employed at coral reefs with evident loss that may jeopardize the maintenance of the community. In this study the re-attachment concept using the natural fragmentation of branched-corals was tested as an accelerator process to natural recovery based on asexual reproduction. Survivorship, growth and attachment rates of three Pocillopora species on both natural and artificial substrates were evaluated at four sites of Islas Marietas. Over one year of monitoring during 2012-2013, resulted in a high survivorship of 87% on artificial underwater structures and 67% on natural substrate, the height and radial growth, on both substrata increase 2-fold from the initial size; although both substrata were viable, coral fragments attach faster on natural (4 months) than artificial structures (6 months). The results demonstrate that re-attachment using natural substrata is a potential and no invasive instrument for treating coral reefs not completely degraded in restoration programs.","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.04.020","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/restoration-degraded-coral-reef-using-natural/docview/1627958337/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569114001227?via%3Dihub"
"161","12674933","18465","THES","Bodmer, Max David Vincent","2019","Restoration of the long-spined sea urchin, Diadema antillarum, to Caribbean coral reefs","full_search",NA,NA,NA,"Coral reefs are among the most valuable and threatened ecosystems on Earth. Lower species diversity, and subsequently reduced resilience, make Caribbean reefs especially vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors. Overfishing and disease have reduced Caribbean herbivore abundances and their associated compensatory dynamics, leading to a 53% decrease in scleractinian coral cover since the 1970s. The long-spined sea urchin, Diadema antillarum, is an important Caribbean herbivore, and its functional extinction in the early 1980s, coupled with a subsequent lack of recovery, makes its restoration a conservation priority. A combination of in situ ecological surveys and environmental manipulations are coupled with ex situ experimental studies to aid D. antillarum restoration efforts. The thesis begins by assessing the relative impacts of fish and urchin grazing on the structure and diversity of reef communities and concludes that, whilst reestablishment of D. antillarum ecosystem functions may not represent a long-term conservation solution, it will provide short-term resilience benefits. A lab-based investigation then indicates that D. antillarum will be, at least partially, resistant to predicted future sea surface temperature increases, and observed negative fitness consequences may be mitigated by artificial structures; population restoration is therefore worthwhile in the context of climate change. Exploration of an isolated population boom then identifies a dearth of predation refugia, created by region-wide reef flattening, as the major barrier to recovery, and deployment of experimental artificial reefs demonstrates that augmentation of reef complexity is a viable strategy for increasing population size and reversing phase shifts. Restoration of D. antillarum will undoubtedly contribute to long-term ecosystem persistence, and insights contained within this thesis may help facilitate the difficult transition of Caribbean coral reefs to their future stable state.","10.21954/ou.ro.0000e652","https://lens.org/108-141-160-605-857"
"162","12674704","1978","JOUR","Perkol-Finkel, Shimrit and Benayahu, Yehuda","2009","The role of differential survival patterns in shaping coral communities on neighboring artificial and natural reefs","full_search","369","1","1-7","Understanding the processes that shape artificial reef (AR) communities is critical if these are to be implemented for reef restoration or enhancement purposes. A study of the post-recruitment survival of coral colonies transplanted onto a 19-year-old AR and its adjacent natural reef (NR) was carried out at Eilat (Red Sea) in order to test the hypothesis that differences in benthic communities between the two reefs are derived from differential survival processes. Transplanted miniature coral colonies were monitored in situ on both reef types. It was found that the survival of those of the soft coral Dendronephthya hemprichi on the AR was nearly double that of those transplanted onto the NR. Similarly, survival of nubbins of the stony coral Pocillopora damicornis on the AR was over three-fold greater than on the NR. We suggest that the observed differential survival resulted from the unique suites of environmental conditions at the two habitats, mainly in terms of sedimentation load and current velocities, yet not from differences in substratum type (artificial vs. natural). The results demonstrate the role played by survival processes in shaping coral assemblages on ARs and NRs, and indicate that post-recruitment survival must be considered when designing ARs for restoration or enhancement purposes.","10.1016/j.jembe.2008.09.016","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1005239752 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098108004826?via%3Dihub"
"163","12674687","3993","JOUR","Fadli, N. and Campbell, S. J. and Ferguson, K. and Keyse, J. and Rudi, E.","2012","The role of habitat creation in coral reef conservation: a case study from Aceh, Indonesia","full_search","46","4","501-507","We describe the successful creation of new reef habitat on Pulau Weh, Indonesia. Coral cover on artificial reef modules increased from a mean of 24 ± SE 2.4% 1 year after the initial attachment ofAcropora spp. coral fragments to 64 ± SE 4.8% after 3 years. The artificial reefmodules were also rapidly colonized by coral recruits. Recruit densities were 53 ± SE 3.2 m−2 on modules that had been submerged for only 1 year, nearly twice as high as recruit densities on natural reef substratum (31 ± 2.8 m−2). Consequently, the original Acropora assemblage had increased to include at least 23 coral taxa, including 10 additional Acropora species. The artificial reefs also supported at least 29 reeffish species, from 11 families. Unfortunately, this initial success in habitat creation was abruptly halted by a rapid rise in sea temperature in May 2010 that killed almost all corals on the artificial reefs and on nearby natural reefs. Notwithstanding the general view that reef rehabilitation is yet to deliver ecological and conservation benefits at meaningful scales, other benefits of this project included raising the awareness of reef conservation in the local community, promotion of tourism on Pulau Weh and job creation. We conclude, therefore, that habitat creation has a legitimate role as part of an integrated marine conservation strategy.","10.1017/S0030605312000142","https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/oryx/article/role-of-habitat-creation-in-coral-reef-conservation-a-case-study-from-aceh-indonesia/89E1E6212014368B15EE54EC9144C67D and https://www.academia.edu/download/32773884/Fadli_et_al._Oryx_2012.pdf and https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/89E1E6212014368B15EE54EC9144C67D/S0030605312000142a.pdf/div-class-title-the-role-of-habitat-creation-in-coral-reef-conservation-a-case-study-from-aceh-indonesia-div.pdf"
"164","12674514","9751","JOUR","Rani, M. H. and Saad, S. and Khodzari, M. F. A. and Ramli, R. and Yusof, M. H.","2015","Scleractinian coral recruitment density in coastal water of Balok, Pahang, Malaysia","full_search","77","25","13-18","Study on scleractinian coral recruitment is important in understanding the mechanisms that regulate their population and the resilience of coral reef communities to disturbance. This study aims to investigate temporal recruitment density of scleractinian coral at selected remote area in Balok, Pahang. Two types of settlement plates, which are terra-cotta tiles and artificial reef, were deployed at three stations to determine the recruitment density. The retrieval of the settlement plate was done at every three months interval started from March to September 2014. A total of 159 coral recruits were counted with mean recruitment densities on both terracotta tiles was 1.52 ± 0.65 and artificial reef plate was 4.37 ± 1.84 respectively. Recruitment was dominated by Platygyra (36%) followed by Porites (32%), Fungia (17%), Turbinaria (7%), Acropora (2%), Stylopora (2%), Montipora (1%), Leptoria (1%), Favites (1%) and Echinophyllia (1%). Kruskal - Wallis ANOVA test shown that recruitment densities varied significantly with plate’s orientation (p < 0.05), but not with sampling stations, type of substrates and month retrieval. Artificial reef plate has better recruitment densities compared to terra-cotta tiles. Coral spat settlement and recruitment patterns were consistent with adult coral distributions. The percentage cover of adult coral varied within the three stations. A total of 33 coral genera from 13 families were recorded during coral video transect survey with Station 3 showed the highest H’ (2.35). Meanwhile, Station 2 showed higher EH’ indexes with 0.82. Therefore, results of this study is important because coral recruitment pattern reflect its adult coral population, and if it closely monitored and harvested sustainably, the survival of parent population could be increased for successful breeding. © 2015 Penerbit UTM Press. All rights reserved.","10.11113/jt.v77.6730","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949810720&doi=10.11113%2fjt.v77.6730&partnerID=40&md5=a437341e14a51ba957b7b00828dac0d0 and https://journals.utm.my/jurnalteknologi/article/download/6730/4456"
"165","12674503","17953","JOUR","Muzaki, F. K. and Saptarini, D. and Armono, R. H. D. and Setiamarga, D. H. E. and Azizah, I. R. and Aunurohim, null and Pradana, F. E.","2022","Scleractinian recruits on natural and artificial substrates in temporary sediment-challenged coastal water of Bangkalan, Madura Island, Indonesia","full_search","1095","1","12023-12023","Recruitment of coral juveniles could serve as indicator for potential of coral reef recovery and is a critical process in supporting population as well as facilitating recovery after event of disturbance. However, sediments suspended in the water column and settling on to reef surface can negatively influence the distributions and abundances of reef-building corals, including altering the settlement patterns and survival of coral larvae and new recruits. In this study, we compared the density and diversity of Scleractinian recruits on natural substrate and artificial reef (made of concrete; 2 years after deployment) in the relatively turbid water of Sepulu coastal water, Bangkalan – Madura Island, East Java. Observation of stony coral recruits were conducted in-situ at depth of 3-4 meter in two locations. At the end of the study, we identified 18 species of Scleractinians from 10 genera and 7 families; dominated by Goniopora (F. Poritidae), Galaxea (F. Euphyllidae) and Goniastrea (F. Merulinidae). There was no difference in term of species richness and composition among locations and type of substrate. However, in both locations, more recruits grown in concrete artificial reef (15.2±2.61 - 18.3±2.91 unit/m2) compared to natural substrate (4±1.25 - 4.1±1.29 unit/m2), respectively. These findings suggest that concrete artificial reef is applicable for coral reef restoration and rehabilitation in temporary turbid coastal water by providing suitable substrate for larval recruitments.","10.1088/1755-1315/1095/1/012023","https://lens.org/090-168-511-720-223 and https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1095/1/012023/pdf"
"166","12673987","547","JOUR","Ali, Azizi and Abdullah, Muhammad Ruzi and Safuan, Che Din Mohd and Afiq-Firdaus, Aminudin Muhammad and Bachok, Zainudin and Akhir, Mohd Fadzil Mohd and Latif, Roslan and Muhamad, Azri and Seng, Tan Hock and Roslee, Adina and Ismail, Khaira","2022","Side-scan sonar coupled with scuba diving observation for enhanced monitoring of benthic artificial reefs along the coast of Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia","full_search","10","9","1309-1309","Since the 1970s, artificial reef (AR) deployment has been one of the common approaches to augment the local production of coastal fish in Malaysia. However, there is a lack of strategy to assess and evaluate the success of pre-deployed AR. Realizing the need for an effective qualitative and quantitative monitoring and evaluation of AR, this study proposes side-scan sonar coupled with scuba diving observation for the enhanced monitoring of pre-deployed Bioceramic Korean (BK) AR along the coast of Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. This method employs an integrated side-scan sonar with a data acquisition system for the detection of the precise location of the BK AR which were deployed at Tukun Telaga Batin off the Terengganu coastline in 2003 by the Fisheries Development Authority of Malaysia (FDAM). Following the determination of the exact location of three BK AR areas, a scuba diving team was sent to survey the physical conditions of the AR and assess the feasibility of the AR as an artificial habitat for marine life. The scan sonar images were compared with the captured photographs and videos acquired during the scuba diving session for a comprehensive value-added assessment. The collected data from the scuba diving session were also processed to measure the fish diversity, the fish biomass, and identify the fish community surrounding the AR. Based on the results, the BK AR remained in extremely good condition, physically intact, without significant breakage or damage, and with no major subsidence into the sediment after 19 years of deployment. A total of 108 BK AR modules were detected in three large groups using the mosaicked sonar images. Following cross-examination to validate the AR measurements using the AR’s shadows on the seafloor, the height of the BK AR consistently ranged from 1.7 m to 1.8 m. In addition, 34 species of fish from 14 families and 26 genera were identified, with most species classified as reef-associated (RA) fish with a biomass value of 1173.31 ± 1136.69 kg m−3, indicating the successfulness of the BK AR as fish-aggregating devices (FADs). The growth of hard corals on top of the bioceramic plate of the AR module further supported the diversified community of marine life surrounding the BK AR. In conclusion, the side-scan sonar coupled with scuba diving observation demonstrates an effective qualitative and quantitative technique for the monitoring and evaluation of pre-deployed AR. This strategy is recommended to be utilized to determine the success of pre-deployment AR.","10.3390/jmse10091309","https://lens.org/195-781-868-444-893 and https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/jmse/jmse-10-01309/article_deploy/jmse-10-01309.pdf?version=1663305443"
"167","12673734","4950","JOUR","Thomson, Paul G. and Fowler, Ashley M. and Davis, Andrew R. and Pattiaratchi, Charitha B. and Booth, David J.","2018","Some old movies become classics – a case study determining the scientific value of rov inspection footage on a platform on Australia’s North West Shelf","full_search","5",NA,"471","The global oil and gas industry holds a vast archive of Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) inspection footage potentially containing useful long-term data on marine biological communities. With the upcoming era of decommissioning of oil and gas structures, it is timely to assess the usefulness of this footage for researching these communities. We used ROV inspection footage to characterize the sessile invertebrates and fishes associated with the Goodwyn Alpha Production Platform (GWA) on the North West Shelf of Australia between depths of 10 and 125 m during 2006 and 2008. Depth was a major driver of invertebrate assemblages, most likely due to specific requirements such as light, and differences between years were most likely from the physical detachment of species by cyclones and internal waves. Phototrophic species were mostly limited to the upper 50 m of the platform, including the hard coral Pociiopora sp. and the soft corals Nephthea sp. and Scleronephthya sp. In contrast, heterotrophic species including sponges, anemones, bryozoans, hydroids, bivalves such as Lopha folium and the hard coral Tubastrea spp., were distributed across all depths. We observed 1791 fish from at least 10 families and 19 species, including commercial species such as crimson seaperch (Lutjanus erythropterus), red emperor (L. sebae), saddle-tailed seaperch (L. malabaricus), mangrove jack (L. argentimaculatus) and trevally (Caranx spp.). Fish density increased significantly with depth during 2008, from a mean of 23 fish/50 m(2) between 10 and 25 m to 3373 fish/50 m(2) at 125 m, where small unidentified baitfish were abundant. The highest densities of commercial species occurred between 25 and 75 m depth, suggesting that mid-depth platform sections had high habitat value, a consideration when selecting decommissioning options. The greatest difficulties using the video were the poor lighting and resolution that inhibited our ability to identify sessile species with high taxonomic precision. However, the footage was useful for evaluating high-level biodiversity of the platform, understanding how fish and invertebrate communities changed with depth and comprehending the dynamic nature of the invertebrate community over time. Understanding the habitat value of structures will be necessary for making environmentally sound decommissioning decisions in the future.","10.3389/fmars.2018.00471","https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2018.00471/full"
"168","12673487","13620","JOUR","Hata, H. and Hirabayashi, I. and Hamaoka, H. and Mukai, Y. and Omori, K. and Fukami, H.","2013","Species-diverse coral communities on an artificial substrate at a tuna farm in Amami, Japan","full_search","85",NA,"45-53","Tuna-farming is expanding worldwide, necessitating the monitoring/managing of its effects on the natural environment. In Japan, tuna-farming is conducted on coral reefs that have been damaged by mass-bleaching events and crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) outbreaks. This study focused on the coral community on an artificial substrate of tuna-farm to reveal the possible effects of tuna-farming on the natural environment. Corals flourished on ropes suspended in the farm in the Amami Islands, southern Japan. These were moored 3 m below the sea-surface in 50-m-deep water. The coral community on the rope was analyzed and compared with those on natural substrata on two adjacent COTS-damaged reefs and with that in a protected reef. Corals were monitored throughout a year. Sixty coral species grew on the ropes, that corresponds to 27.3% of the 220 species known from Amami. The coral community was unique, dominated by massive faviid corals. On the ropes, the water temperature rarely exceeded 30.0 degrees C and no corals on the rope were severely bleached or covered by sedimentation during the observations. The tuna-farm infrastructure provided corals with a suitable habitat, and species-rich coral communities were established. These coral communities are an important node connecting tuna-farms and the natural environment. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.12.009","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875365146&doi=10.1016%2fj.marenvres.2012.12.009&partnerID=40&md5=c36b23f27fe6354fcb3434c0603c0b0c and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141113612002279?via%3Dihub"
"169","12673268","17849","JOUR","Shafir, Shai and van Rijn, Jaap and Rinkevich, Baruch","2006","Steps in the construction of underwater coral nursery, an essential component in reef restoration acts","full_search","149","3","679-687","Many coral reefs worldwide are rapidly declin- ing, but efficient restoration techniques are not yet available. Here, we evaluate methodologies for reef res- toration based on the ''gardening concept''. A floating mid-water prototype nursery was placed at 6 m depth (14 m above sea-bottom) within the nutrient-enriched environment of a fish farm (Eilat, Red Sea). Ten colonies from five branching coral species provided 6,813 frag- ments (0.5-3 cm height). The fragments, each attached to a plastic pin, were inserted into plastic nets that were tied to a rope-net floating nursery. After 144 nursery days, only 13.1% of the fragments died and 21.2% were de- tached by mechanical forces. Small colonies ready for transplantation developed within 144-200 days. Ramets' ecological volumes increased 13-46 folds and their heights by a factor of 3.5. After 306 days, the ecological volumes of the colonies increased 147-163 fold as com- pared to original volumes (revealing a daily growth rate constant of 1.67% during the first 5-10 months) and height values by a factor of six. Building and maintenance costs of the nursery were low. This nursery prototype demonstrates the feasibility of the coral ''gardening concept'' by fulfilling several important needs, namely, mass production of coral colonies at low costs, high survivorship, fast growth, short nursery phase and im- proved methodologies for handling farmed colonies.","10.1007/s00227-005-0236-6","https://lens.org/086-972-273-790-148 and https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00227-005-0236-6.pdf"
"170","12673224","4026","JOUR","Epstein, N. and Bak, R. P. M. and Rinkevich, B.","2001","Strategies for gardening denuded coral reef areas: the applicability of using different types of coral material for reef restoration","full_search","9","4","432-442","Recreational and other human activities degrade coral reefs worldwide to a point where efficient restoration techniques are needed. Here we tested several strategies for gardening denuded reefs. The gardening concept consists of in situ or ex situ mariculture of coral recruits, followed by their transplantation into degraded reef sites. In situ nurseries were established in Eilat’s (Northern Red Sea) shallow waters, sheltering three types of coral materials taken from the branching species Stylophora pistillata (small colonies, branch fragments, and spat) that were monitored for up to two years. Pruning more than 10% of donor colonies’ branches increased mortality, and surviving colonies displayed reduced reproductive activity. Maricultured isolated branches, however, exceeded donor colony life span and reproductive activity and added 0.5–45% skeletal mass per year. Forty-four percent of the small colonies survived after 1.5-year mariculture, revealing average yearly growth of 75 32%. Three months ex situ maintenance of coral spat (sexual recruits) prior to the in situ nursery phase increased survivorship. Within the next 1.5 years, they developed into colonies of 3–4 cm diameter. Nursery periods of 2 years, 4– 5 years, and more than 5 years have been estimated for small colonies, spat, and isolated branches, respectively. These and other results, including the possible use of nubbins (minute fragments the size of a single or few polyps), are discussed, revealing benefits and drawbacks for each material. In situ coral mariculture is an improved practice to the common but potentially harmful protocol of direct coral transplantation. It is suggested that reef gardening may be used as a key management tool in conservation and restoration of denuded reef areas. The gardening concept may be applicable for coral reefs worldwide through site-specific considerations and the use of different local coral species.","10.1046/j.1526-100X.2001.94012.x","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2001.94012.x and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2001.94012.x and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2001.94012.x"
"171","12673151","12826","JOUR","Yanovski, R. and Abelson, A.","2019","Structural complexity enhancement as a potential coral-reef restoration tool","full_search","132",NA,"87-93","One of the major challenges for coral reef science is to find sound management tools to reverse the rapid degradation of the world's reefs and their valuable ecosystem services. In this sense, much effort is dedicated to identify reef resilience indicators and traits, the restoration and protection of which can promote coral reef recovery following degradation. Here we examine two widely studied reef resilience traits, i.e. coral recruitment and structural complexity, and potential links between the two on different spatial scales that may be used to promote reef resilience by active restoration. Specifically, we explore the use of structural complexity enhancement (SCE; artificially increasing the complexity of a degraded reef by adding structures to it) as a potential restoration tool for increasing coral recruitment. Our SCE experiments resulted in an increase of 400-600% in coral recruitment, which was correlated with some of the spatial scales of complexity. From a management perspective, the current study supports the idea that, under certain circumstances, SCE may serve as an effective restoration tool to enhance coral recruitment, which could be an alternative or addition to coral transplantation. The results also emphasize the importance of measuring and enhancing structural complexity on different spatial scales (from mm to m) for the promotion of different functional groups (e.g. corals and fish). This approach, if further developed, may serve as a key element in restoration projects of structurally degraded coral reefs.","10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.04.007","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063950582&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoleng.2019.04.007&partnerID=40&md5=7301d0dee3faa465394121a1403af385 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857419301144?via%3Dihub"
"172","12673009","6315","JOUR","Endo, Shubun and Prasetyo, Rahmadi and Onaka, Susumu","2014","Study on attachment methods, retention and growth of transplanting coral","full_search","15","Supplement","330-335","In order to find effective methods for coral restoration, we conducted experimental coral Transplantation on 20 limestone substrates set in the moat of Kuta in Bali Island, Indonesia, in September 2003. Coral fragments of about 5 cm length were prepared by cutting branches from colonies of Acropora sp., Pocillopora sp. and Montipora sp. growing in the moat. After one day of acclimation in the moat, these coral pieces were attached to both the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the substrates. We used 3kind of materials on the substrate to attach the coral, a steel plate with 1 fixed point, fishing line with 2 fixed points and a wire spring with 2 fixed points. We monitored the transplanted coral intermittently for more than 2 years, by photographing with a digital camera, recording the retention and survival of corals, their attachment to the substrates and the width and height of the coral pieces. We found that: 1) the cumulative self-attachment to the substrate for Acropora sp. was the highest among the 3 species. The proportion of fragments that had self-attached was more than 85% on average after two month of transplantation for Acropora sp., whereas it was between 49% and 64% after three month for Pocillopora sp. and Montipora sp. 2) The retention of corals using the wire spring was the highest in Acropora sp. 3) The retention and survival were almost the same for those fragments between the horizontal and vertical surfaces of substrate. 4) Acropora sp. of 5 cm in length reached in average 39.4 cm in width and 28.8 cm in height in 24 months. 5) 30 to 50% of the whole colony of Acropora sp. bleached due to high water temperatures around March 2005, but they recovered after the water temperature lowered below 30 degree C.","https://doi.org/10.3755/galaxea.15.330","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/study-on-attachment-methods-retention-growth/docview/1551623588/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/galaxea/15/Supplement/15_330/_pdf"
"173","12672942","12958","CPAPER","Desa, S. M. and Karim, O. A. and Mohamed, A.","2016","Submerged breakwater hydrodynamic modeling for wave dissipation and coral restorer structure","full_search",NA,NA,"98-101","Wave transmission is the coastal character resulted from interaction of incident wave and submerged breakwater. Coastal hydrodynamic parameters mainly wave period, wave height and water depth while structural geometry factor such as structural height, bottom width as well as crest width influenced magnitude of transmitted wave. A controlled systematic test program was undertaken in a monochromatic regular wave condition represented by transmission coefficient, C-t as the reference index of breakwater's wave dissipation in the effect of water depth and incident wave height which indicated high wave suppresion and capability of wave breaking and structural friction to wave motion. This submerged breakwater also an artificial reef which protect and converse marine biology as well as enhance the marine ecological environment.","10.1145/3022702.3022726","https://lens.org/117-159-585-607-606"
"174","12672921","13027","JOUR","Vermeij, Mark J. A.","2005","Substrate composition and adult distribution determine recruitment patterns in a Caribbean brooding coral","full_search","295",NA,"123-133","This study demonstrates the interactive effect of both substrate composition and adult presence on recruitment and mortality patterns of the earliest life stages in the coral Siderastrea radi- ans in the Florida Keys. Low substrate complexity on a wreck (the 'Benwood') facilitated the location and identification of recently settled coral recruits (<1 mm 2 ). Increased adult cover and changes in substrate composition (mainly the presence of crustose coralline algae) enhanced local recruitment, indicating that positive changes in substrate composition acted as an important factor enhancing coral recruitment. Spatial differences in the number of arriving recruits dictated future patterns in local population density as mortality probabilities did not vary spatially. S. radians populations showed the potential to be regulated in a density-dependent manner as suitable settlement substrate was, or could become, limited by (1) its natural availability or (2) preemption by growing adults. Adult removal resulted in a 46% decrease in local (<1 m 2 ) recruitment, indicating that S. radians popula- tions were facultatively closed at this spatial scale. Therefore, the S. radians/Benwood system allows for a detailed description of the processes that create structure in coral populations. Defining the rel- ative contribution of processes that are important in shaping coral population structure contrasts with the more common approach in which only the pattern that results from them is quantified. A process- based approach will allow for a more rigorous investigation of coral population dynamics with obvi- ous benefits for coral reef science and conservation.","10.3354/meps295123","https://lens.org/040-781-058-125-523 and https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2005/295/m295p123.pdf"
"175","12672906","4976","JOUR","Edwards, Rhys A. and Smith, Stephen D. A.","2005","Subtidal assemblages associated with a geotextile reef in south-east Queensland, Australia","full_search","56","2","133","In marine habitats, the use of geotextile materials as a ‘soft-engineering’ solution is increasingly being considered as an alternative to hard structures. However, very little is known about biological assemblages that develop on geotextile structures. This study provides the first ecological comparison of subtidal assemblages between Narrowneck Artificial Reef (NAR), a geotextile reef in south-east Queensland, Australia, and three nearby natural reefs. Benthic community structure, fish assemblages and habitat complexity were compared between reef types using an asymmetrical design. Although natural reefs supported distinct biotic assemblages, as a class, these reefs differed significantly from NAR. The artificial reef was dominated by macroalgae and supported fewer benthic categories, whereas the natural reefs were characterised by a diverse range of sessile invertebrates. Benthic and demersal fish assemblages were less diverse on NAR, but pelagic fish assemblages were similar on both reef types. The substratum of NAR was less complex than that of the natural reefs; this physical variable was correlated with some of the differences in benthic communities and benthic and demersal fish assemblages. It is likely that the key determinants of the biotic patterns observed in this study are interactions between the age of NAR and the physical properties of geotextile substratum.","10.1071/MF04202","http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=MF04202 and https://www.publish.csiro.au/mf/pdf/MF04202"
"176","12672893","6187","JOUR","Hamzah, Sri N. and Nursinar, Sitti","2021","The success of coral rehabilitation through transplantation using spider modules (case study: Botutonuo Marine Area, Bone Bolango Regency)","full_search","14","5","3023-3031","Abstract. Botutonuo Waters, Bone Bolango Regency, is an area that has coral reef potential for marine tourism practices. However, high human activity such as destructive fishing practices and increasing population in coastal area causes the coral reef ecosystem to be stressed and damaged. One of the alternatives that can be implemented to protect and conserve coral reefs is through coral transplantation. This study was conducted to provide information about the success of transplantation using the spider module. The experiment was conducted for two months by placing ten spider modules in the water. A total of 60 coral fragments were used where six coral fragments were tied to each module. Coral growth monitoring was carried out every two weeks for four times. The results revealed that the absolute growth of corals for two months of observation showed positive results, namely 1.52 cm. The growth rate of the transplanted corals was 0.19 cm/week or 0.03 cm/day. The survival rate of transplanted corals was 100% and is included in the category of high transplant success rate.",NA,"https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/success-coral-rehabilitation-through/docview/2615454567/se-2?accountid=10598"
"177","12672787","12437","JOUR","Pavia, R. T. B. and Estacion, J. S.","2019","Survival and Growth of Isolated Polyps of Galaxea fascicularis (Linnaeus 1767) on Six Kinds of Culture Substrates: Implications for Mariculture, Aquarium Culture, and Conservation","full_search","50","1","219-230","Coral aquaculture is viewed as a sustainable method of providing colonies for use in the aquarium trade, pharmacological studies, and coral reef rehabilitation. The production of large, healthy specimens depends on providing conditions that mimic or surpass natural reef environments. Materials with a high degree of variability in physical and chemical properties are utilized as substrates in coral aquaculture, but until fragment-substrate interactions are isolated and independently studied, the possible inhibitory and facilitative effects of each material will remain unclear. To understand potential key roles that substrates can play in coral culture, a comparison was made about the role of various materials on fragment survival and growth. The experiment examined the interactions between isolates of a common scleractinian coral, Galaxea fascicularis, and six commonly used substrates (coral rock, terracotta, polyvinyl chloride, steel, rubber tire, and concrete) and how these affected survival and growth. No differences were observed in the survival, colony size, and polyp production of the resulting microcolonies. The results show that, for G. fascicularis, growth is not affected by substrate type. The results demonstrate the use of a wide variety of materials for the successful aquaculture of scleractinian corals.","10.1111/jwas.12538","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/survival-growth-isolated-polyps-galaxea/docview/2175274456/se-2 and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jwas.12538"
"178","12672785","7143","JOUR","Johan, O.","2012","The survival of transplanted coral on pyramid-shaped fish shelter on the coastal waters of Kelapa and Harapan Islands, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta","full_search","7","1","79-85","Research was carried out in August 2008 at two sites within Marine Protected Areas (MPA) in Kelapa and Harapan Islands of Seribu Islands, Indonesia. The purpose of this research was to compare the mortality rate of coral transplanted on the upper and base of pyramid-shaped concrete fish shelters. Fish shelters were placed on the seabed of Kelapa Island which is characterized by sandy seabed and Harapan Island which is characterized by silt. Both sites are within Marine Protected Areas. The survey recorded mortality rate of transplanted coral and percentage of live coral coverage. The research also sampled fish populations within the MPA sites and pyramid areas so that the two sites can be compared for their fish biodiversity. The data were analyzed by using T-Test Student of SPSS 11.S computer program to compare between two locations, and upper and base of transplanted position. After one year, the average mortality rate among transplanted coral species in Kelapa Island was 34%. However, the mortality rate of transplanted coral in Harapan Island was slightly higher than in Kelapa Island: 42%. The transplanted coral at the top of the fish shelter had higher survival rate (39%) compared to the base of the fish shelter (24%). Fish populations in Kelapa Island consisted of 1,119 individuals from 35 species. This was much higher than in Harapan Island where the research found only 6S5 individuals from 27 species. Fish populations found around the fish shelter area in Kelapa Island consisted of 125 individuals from 25 species. This was lower than the fish population in Harapan Island, where 206 individuals from 23 species were recorded.","10.15578/iaj.7.1.2012.79-85","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/survival-transplanted-coral-on-pyramid-shaped/docview/1709173349/se-2?accountid=10598 and http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/iaj/article/download/479/486"
"179","12672781","9042","JOUR","Mahmoud, M. A. M. and Dar, M. A. and Hussein, H. N. M. and El-Metwally, M. E. A. and Maaty, M. M. and Omar, M. Y. and Seraj, M. R. and Mohammed, T. A. A.","2019","Survivorship and growth rates for some transplanted coral reef building species and their potential for coral reef rehabilitation in the red sea","full_search","23","2","183-193","The deterioration of coral reefs in Egypt is a serious environmental problem. As part of studying the reef habitats rehabilitation; about 180 specimens of 8 hard coral reef species belonging to 2 families (Pocilliporidae and Acroporidae) were transplanted using table-type galvanized steel frameworks. Survival and growth rates were measured in situ then monitored over 24 months. From the transplanted 180 specimens, 128 fragments representing 71% were still survived after 4 months decreased to 121 fragments with a percentage of 67.2% after 12 months increased to 123 fragments (after recovery of two specimens) with 68.3% of the transplanted specimens after 24 months. Significant differences (P<0.05) in growth rates were observed among the three periods of investigation (4, 12 and 24 months) in both families. The mean growth rates of investigated species of Pocilliporidae; S. pistillata, P. damicornis and P. verrucosa after 4, 12 and 24 months were; 1.27±0.06 cm yr -1 , 1.2±0.07 cm yr -1 and 1.03±0.07 cm yr -1 (F = 3.43, 3.16 and 4.95) respectively. The investigated species of Acroporidae; Acropora tenuis, A. digitifera, A. horrid, A. samoensis and A. variabilis recorded the annual mean growth rates of; 0.56±0.02 cm yr -1 , 0.45± 0.04 cm yr -1 , 1.04± 0.05cm yr -1 , 0.83± 0.04cm yr -1 and 0.98± 0.03cm yr -1 (F = 17.58, 0.59, 0.60, 1.50 and 2.83) respectively. New coral reef recruits were observed for S. pistillata, P. verrucosa, P. damicornis and A. degitefera, but the coral recovery was observed for S. pistillata only. © 2019, Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health. All rights reserved.","10.21608/ejabf.2019.30291","https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065866119&doi=10.21608%2fejabf.2019.30291&partnerID=40&md5=9e5a8e06bb8f67e698ece2e6725bb663 and https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_30291_073bfba58ed293f6abf5f38002bb89cd.pdf"
"180","12672779","2367","JOUR","Nozawa, Yoko","2010","Survivorship of fast-growing coral spats depend less on refuge structure: the case of Acropora solitaryensis","full_search","12","1","31-36","Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of refuge structure from grazers on settlement substrata in survivorship of scleractinian coral spats. The present study reports some evidence showing that the importance of refuges varies depending on growth speed of coral spats. Survival of spats of the fast-growing scleractinian coral, Acropora solitaryensis that had settled on plain surfaces of settlement plates or in artificially-made micro-crevices (MC) serving as refuges on the plain plate surfaces was monitored in situ over the first year of life. Survival rate of A. solitaryensis spats dropped rapidly to less than 50% during the first two months but stabilized afterward and maintained high values both in MC (33%) and on the plain surfaces (17%) by the end of the one year experimental period. The higher spat survival rate observed in MC confirmed refuge effects on spat survivorship while many spats surviving on plain surfaces, which were not seen in slow-growing coral species in a previous comparable study, suggest that spats of fast-growing coral species that can attain a large enough size to survive damage from grazers early may depend less on refuge structure on settlement substrata. This may allow fast-growing coral species to extend potential areas for successful recruitment, more regardless of surface structure of settlement substrata, promoting its population development.","10.3755/galaxea.12.31","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1046300691 and https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/galaxea/12/1/12_1_31/_pdf"
"181","12672750","9959","JOUR","Al-Horani, F. A.","2013","Sustainable resources of corals for the restoration of damaged coral reefs in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea","full_search","10","3","352-360","During the past decade, the coral reefs in the Gulf of Aqaba have suffered from continued deterioration as a result of coastal human activities. For restoration of damaged coral reefs, it is important to have continuous supply of corals without causing impairment to the natural reef environment. In the present study, suspended and bottom based coral nurseries were established in situ for the production of large numbers of selected coral species. After one year, the coral nurseries produced colonies that are suitable for transplantation. The corals grown on the nurseries were produced by asexual reproduction through fragmentation. This method improves the status of endangered and/or rare coral species through mass production of colonies originating from the same mother colony. Parallel to this, settlement devices were constructed and deployed in the sea to allow for settling of swimming larvae in the reef. The settlement devices recruited diverse number of settling reef organisms, which helps enhance the biological diversity in the damaged reef areas. Based on the results obtained, it was suggested that the coral nurseries and the settlement devices are efficient tools for providing sustainable resources of corals for use in reef restoration. It is highly recommended to have a combination of both techniques when restoration of coral reefs is considered.",NA,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880814152&partnerID=40&md5=967da5f86cad5b764caf0751e0a2f875"
"182","12672321","5529","JOUR","Rachmilovitz, Elad Nehoray and Rinkevich, Baruch","2017","Tiling the reef - Exploring the first step of an ecological engineering tool that may promote phase-shift reversals in coral reefs","full_search","105",NA,"150-161","Phase shifts from coral- to algal-dominated reefs have grave effects on reef biodiversity and key ecosystem functions, further influencing management approaches that have generated fewer returns than desired. Harnessing the ability of corals to 'self-anchor' to substrates and of tissue fusions between isogeneic fragments, we develop here a novel ecological engineering approach based on the 2D Coral Preparative (2D-CP) tool. Using this tool we propose to create flat, two dimensional coral units that are first grown in a mid-water coral nursery and then transplanted to overlay phase-shifted coral reef surfaces as floor tiles. Here, we assess the feasibility of the 2D-CP's first stage-growth in the nursery. Ten coral colonies from each of the species: Stylophora pistillata, Pocillopora damicornis and Cyphastrea spp. were collected from localities at the northern Gulf of Eilat (Red Sea, Israel), fragmented into nubbins and glued onto flat surfaces (CDs) to create 235 2D-CP units (32 nubbins/unit). All 2D-CPs were hung in a mid-water coral nursery, in both horizontal and vertical positions, and were digitally photographed once a month for a year. Images of each 2D-CP were used to determine the percentages of live coral tissue coverage on the substrates and the nubbins' survival percentage. Results revealed high survival rates, with >80% of the 2D-CPs possessing live coral tissues at 12 months post setup (mps). The nubbins of all three species displayed an extensive 2D growth on the substrates, and as of 6-7 months (species and genotype specific) many of the 2D-CPs were completely covered with coral tissue (20% of all the 2D-CPs showed >100% coral coverage at 12 mps). The coral coverage of S. pistillata and P. damicornis 2D-CPs was significantly higher in the vertical placement position, 1.5 and 3 times, respectively. Overall, these results imply that the 2D-CP units can be successfully grown in a coral nursery for the purpose of creating 'live tiles' that can be placed directly over a denuded reef covered by turf algae, a novel ecological engineering tool to be used for coral-algae phase shifts reversals. We further anticipate that even in completely/partially dead 2D-CP units, newly exposed calcium carbonates would be expended as preferable substrates for either coral larval recruitment or coralline algae growth, boosting reef rehabilitation.","10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.04.038","https://login.proxy.lib.duke.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/tiling-reef-exploring-first-step-ecological/docview/1932184856/se-2?accountid=10598 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857417302240?via%3Dihub"
"183","12672107","1848","JOUR","Oren, U. and Benayahu, Y.","1997","Transplantation of juvenile corals: a new approach for enhancing colonization of artificial reefs","full_search","127","3","499-505","Abstract Coral reefs in the northern Gulf of Eilat are exposed to continuous man-made disturbances, resulting in decreased coral coverage and reduced recruitment at the Nature Reserve of Eilat. The construction of artificial reefs on sandy bottoms is a possible option to decrease diving pressure on natural reefs. In the present study we tested this hypothesis by submerging an experimental artificial reef anchored to the bottom at 18 m depth and floated vertically 3 m below water surface. The reef was composed of PVC plates, attached both vertically and horizontally along a wire. Propagules of two coral species, the stony coral Stylophora pistillata and the soft coral Dendronephthya hemprichi, were transplanted to this artificial reef. Planulae of S. pistillata were obtained during the breeding season, seeded in petri dishes in the laboratory and after 2 wk the dishes were transferred to the experimental artificial reef. Automized fragments of D. hemprichi which had previously settled on 10 × 10 cm PVC plates were transplanted onto the experimental artificial reef. The survivorship of the transplanted D. hemprichi colonies was significantly higher on the lower sides of shallower plates. Survivorship of S. pistillata colonies increased with depth when located on the vertical plates, or on the upper sides of the horizontal plates. The highest survivorship of this coral was on the vertical plates and on the upper sides of the horizontal plates, while very low survivorship was recorded on the lower sides. The results indicate that vertical artificial surfaces offer the optimal biotic and abiotic conditions for the survival of the two examined corals. The vertical plates are characterized by low sed imentation rates, low coverage of turf-algae, minimal grazing by sea urchins and absence of the competitor tunicate Didemnum sp. In addition, the vertical orientation of the experimental plates reduces shading and offers the required light intensity for zooxanthellate corals such as S. pistillata. Only a few studies to date have tried to implement artificial reefs in a coral reef environment. The results of the present study indicate the potential of enhancing recruitment of corals by transplantation of juvenile recruits onto appropriate artificial structures. Maximal survivorship of these recruits is dependent upon the structural features of the artificial reef, which should offer optimal conditions.","10.1007/s002270050038","https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1032870513 and https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s002270050038.pdf"
"184","12672102","5499","JOUR","Kikuzawa, Yuichi Preslie and Ng, Chin Soon Lionel and Sam, Shu Qin and Toh, Tai Chong and Tan, Koh Siang and Loo, Poh Leong and Chou, Loke Ming","2021","Transplanting coral fragments in close contact enhances their survival and growth on seawalls","full_search","9","12","1377-1377","Accelerated urbanisation has replaced many natural shorelines with coastal defences, resulting in the loss of natural habitats. However, structures such as seawalls can support some biotic assemblages, albeit of lower species richness. Ecological engineering techniques such as coral transplantation can enhance biodiversity on these artificial structures, but its success is circumscribed by high costs. Little is known about the fusion of discrete coral colonies that could potentially improve coral transplantation success on seawalls, particularly for the slow-growing massive species that are generally well-adapted to living on seawalls. Here, we investigated the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of transplanting Platygyra sinensis on seawalls by comparing the survivability and growth of fragments transplanted adjoining with those transplanted further apart. Fragments (approximately 3 cm diameter; n = 24) derived from three individuals were randomly grouped into two treatments, transplanted at 0.5 cm and 5 cm apart. Fragments in the former treatment came into contact with each other after three months. We observed that in all cases, the contact zones were characterised by a border of raised skeletal ridges without tissue necrosis, often termed nonfusion (=histoincompatible fusion). The adjoining transplants showed better survival (75 vs. 43%) and grew at a rate that was significantly higher than fragments transplanted 5 cm apart (3.7 ± 1.6 vs. 0.6 ± 1.1 cm2 month−1). Our projections demonstrated the possibility of reducing transplantation cost (USD cm−2) by 48.3% through nonfusion. These findings present nonfusion as a possible strategy to increase the overall cost-effectiveness of transplanting slow-growing massive species on seawalls.","10.3390/jmse9121377","https://lens.org/015-849-698-193-753 and https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/jmse/jmse-09-01377/article_deploy/jmse-09-01377.pdf?version=1638539789"
"185","12671865","18228","THES","Ruhl, Emily Jean","2018","Understanding the importance of habitat complexity for juvenile fish and the application of 3D printed corals for reef restoration","full_search","Master of Science",NA,NA,NA,NA,"https://lens.org/099-699-496-846-011"
"186","12671694","12477","JOUR","Clark, S. and Edwards, A. J.","1994","Use of artificial reef structures to rehabilitate reef flats degraded by coral mining in the Maldives","full_search","55","2-3","724-744","Reef flats of low-lying atoll coral islands are not only barriers against wave action but also the source of sediments of which the islands are built. Degradation of the reef flats by human activities may seriously impair these functions and lead to erosion and inundation. In the Maldives, large areas of reef flats have been degraded by mining of coral for the construction industry. This study was set up to investigate the feasibility of using artificial reef structures to promote rehabilitation of a severely degraded reef flat. Three hundred and sixty tons of concrete reef structures have been deployed over a 4-ha experimental site on a 1-2 m deep reef flat in the Maldives which was mined for coral 20 years ago and still has less than 2.5% live coral cover. Colonization of four sets of three, approximately 50 m(2), artificial reef structures of varying topographic complexity and stabilizing effect, and one set of three replicate 50 m(2) mined control areas has been monitored. All structures were rapidly colonized by fish. Mined 50 m(2) control areas contained on average about 7 fish species and 20 individuals, while undegraded reef-flat areas of the same size on a nearby reef supported on average 35 fish species and 150 individuals. Within 12 months of deployment, three sets of the artificial reef structures were supporting on average 35 fish species and 150-300 individuals but the least topographically complex set only contained on average 20 species of fish and 100 individuals. Although the abundance and diversity of fish colonizing the structures seemed to indicate successful rehabilitation of the fish community, multivariate analysis showed that the fish community structure was still markedly dissimilar to that of undegraded reef-flat sites. Colonization of the structures by algae and invertebrates was also rapid. Structures were initially colonized by filamentous green algae (7 days), then barnacles (14 days), and subsequently by a diverse invertebrate community (6-8 weeks). First coral recruits (Pocillopora damicornis) were observed 6.5 months after emplacement, and within 11 months P. verrucosa, Acropora spp. and Porites spp. had recruited to the largest and most complex artificial structures. Corals were transplanted on one set of artificial structures to see whether this would accelerate recovery. Survival and initial growth rates of the transplanted colonies are reported.",NA,"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028599446&partnerID=40&md5=3bb6f5a38825bc761b641fd30aff3051"
"187","12671574","5017","JOUR","Black, Kerry and Steinhobel, Derick","2021","Utilising natural attributes of tropical islands for beach protection","full_search","9","11","1208","This study reveals the coastal protection benefits of small artificial reefs on tropical islands. A monitored case study involving field and computer modelling investigations, as well as construction of a 95 m long reef and 12,000 m3 of local sand nourishment in a tropical lagoon on the north-east coast of Mauritius, is presented. Monitoring showed that a large salient widened the beach by 50 m in one year. The salient has continued to grow slowly and has remained stable for four years, including during a cyclone. Only a simple and inexpensive artificial reef was needed in the shallow lagoon to rebalance the shoreline wave conditions, because most wave energy was lost by breaking further offshore on the natural reef. With rising sea levels, inshore reefs with nourishment can overcome increases in wave height, wave set-up and wave run-up at the shoreline, which are jointly responsible for erosion and the flooding of homes by erosion and over-topping. To find suitable nourishment sources, regional computer modelling identified the following dominant circulation patterns: currents both coming into the lagoon over the reef crest (driven by breaking wave energy) and exiting via relict river channels or zones of lower waves. Sand for nourishment may be extracted from the exit locations with reduced environmental impact, because net currents are driving sand out of the lagoon system into deeper water. These relict sands have the same grain size as the natural beach and are readily accessible.","10.3390/jmse9111208","https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/11/1208 and https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/jmse/jmse-09-01208/article_deploy/jmse-09-01208-v2.pdf?version=1635912821"
"188","12671199","11788","JOUR","Omori, Makoto and Kajiwara, Kenji and Matsumoto, Hisashi and Watanuki, Akira and Kubo, Hirofumi","2007","Why corals recruit successfully in top-shell snail aquaculture structures?","full_search","8","2","83-90","In 1996 and 1997, concrete box structures were installed in a shallow reef edge at Miyako Island, Okinawa (24°55'45""N 125°15'55""E) for rearing the commercially important top shell snail Trochus niloticus. Corals quickly attached on the quartz sandcoated fiberglass reinforced plastic latticed substrata on the bottom of the box. Within few years after severe damage of corals following extensive bleaching in 1998, however, the lattice was covered by Acropora-dominated coral colonies. In November 2005, coral coverage in four boxes was 50 to 90%. There were 25 species and the average size of the coral colonies was around 50 cm.The accidental and rapid recruitment of corals on these aquaculture structures seems to have created an ideal environment for coral recruitment and growth. This finding provides a unique opportunity to gain insight into critical mechanisms of coral recruitment that may be used to improve coral reef restoration. The present paper deals with the aquaculture structures, environment, species diversity of corals, and possible factors that may have contributed to coral recruitment and growth.","10.3755/jcrs.8.83","https://lens.org/037-707-305-099-948 and https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jcrs/8/2/8_2_83/_pdf"
"189",NA,NA,NA,"Goreau, Thomas J. and Hagberg, Erik and Trevor, Doan and Trevor, Michael","2007","Biorock coral reef restoration and shore protection projects in majuro, republic of the marshall islands: Preliminary report","organizational_website",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"https://www.globalcoral.org/biorock-coral-reef-restoration-and-shore-protection-projects-in-majuro-republic-of-the-marshall-islands-preliminary-report/"
"190","Ian","and","JOUR","Enochs, I. C. and Studivan, M. S. and Kolodziej, G. and Foord, C. and Basden, I. and Boyd, A. and Formel, N. and Kirkland, A. and Rubin, E. and Jankulak, M. and Smith, I. and Kelble, C. R. and Manzello, D. P.","2023","Coral persistence despite marginal conditions in the Port of Miami","organizational_website","13","1","6759","Coral cover has declined worldwide due to anthropogenic stressors that manifest on both global and local scales. Coral communities that exist in extreme conditions can provide information on how these stressors influence ecosystem structure, with implications for their persistence under future conditions. The Port of Miami is located within an urbanized environment, with active coastal development, as well as commercial shipping and recreational boating activity. Monitoring of sites throughout the Port since 2018 has revealed periodic extremes in temperature, seawater pH, and salinity, far in excess of what have been measured in most coral reef environments. Despite conditions that would kill many reef species, we have documented diverse coral communities growing on artificial substrates at these sites-reflecting remarkable tolerance to environmental stressors. Furthermore, many of the more prevalent species within these communities are now conspicuously absent or in low abundance on nearby reefs, owing to their susceptibility and exposure to stony coral tissue loss disease. Natural reef frameworks, however, are largely absent at the urban sites and while diverse fish communities are documented, it is unlikely that these communities provide the same goods and services as natural reef habitats. Regardless, the existence of these communities indicates unlikely persistence and highlights the potential for coexistence of threatened species in anthropogenic environments, provided that suitable stewardship strategies are in place.","10.1038/s41598-023-33467-7","https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/50460"
"191",NA,NA,"BOOK","Bhatt, J.R., Patterson Edward, J.K., Macintosh D.J. and Nilaratna","2012","Coral reefs in India - status, threats and conservation measures","organizational_website",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"192",NA,NA,"BOOK","Talbot, Frank; Wilkinson, Clive R.","2001","Coral reefs, mangroves and seagrasses: A sourcebook for managers","organizational_website",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"http://www.icriforum.org/sites/default/files/crms-sourcebook.pdf"
"193",NA,NA,"RPRT","Maragos, James E","1974","Coral transplantation: a method to create, preserve, and manage coral reefs","organizational_website",NA,NA,"35",NA,NA,"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/46802"
"194",NA,NA,"JOUR","Munandar and Mahendra and MRizal, Muhammad and Rani, Chair and Faizal, Ahmad","2018","The escalation of coral growth by biorock technology applied in Sabang marine ecotourism","organizational_website","11","5","1633-1647",NA,NA,NA
"195",NA,NA,"JOUR","Dustan, Phillip A. and Lidz, Barbara H. and Shinn, Eugene A.","1991","Impact of exploratory wells, offshore Florida: A biological assessment","organizational_website","48","1","94-124",NA,NA,"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70195959"
"196",NA,NA,"JOUR","Goreau, Thomas J. F.","2022","Maldives BioRock: Past results & future applications","organizational_website",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"https://www.globalcoral.org/maldives-biorock-past-results-future-applications/"
"197",NA,NA,"RPRT","Goreau, Thomas J. and Hilbertz, Wolf and Hakeem, A. Azeez A.","2004","Maldives Shorelines: Growing a beach","organizational_website",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"https://www.globalcoral.org/maldives-shorelines-growing-a-beach/"
"198",NA,NA,"CPAPER","Courtney, Charles M.","1977","Marco Island's (Florida) artificial fishing reef","organizational_website",NA,NA,"52-55",NA,NA,"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/35293"
"199",NA,NA,"RPRT","Kruer, Curtis R. and Causey, Laura O. and Cantillo, Adriana Y. and Bello, Maria J.","2005","The use of large artificial reefs to enhance fish populations at different depths in the Florida Keys","organizational_website",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/457"
"200",NA,NA,NA,"Coastal Systems International, Inc.","2009","1st annual biological monitoring report for the Hillsboro Inlet Artificial Reef Mitigation Project","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,"Coastal Systems Interational, Inc. (Coastal Systems) conducted the 1st annual biological monitoring survey of the Hillsboro Inlet Artificial Reef Mitigation Project (Project) on August 26-28, 2009. This survey was conducted as provided for in the ""Biological Monitoring Plan for the Hillsboro Inlet Artificial Reef Mitigation Project"" prepared by Coastal Systems and approved by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) on August 6, 2009. This survey was conducted for the purpose of evaluating the performance of the 1.6-acre artificial reef constructed as mitigation for impacts to 0.4 acre of hardbottom associated with the Hillsboro Inlet Improvements Project constructed in 2002 (under DEP Joint Coastal Permit No. 0177081-001-JC). The artificial reef is located immediately south of the mouth of the Hillsboro Inlet, with construction having commenced on August 8, 2008 and completed on April 15, 2009. The total area of artificial reef constructed is 1.66 acres.",NA,NA
"201",NA,NA,"CONF","Harris, Lee E.","2003","Artificial reef structures for shoreline stabilization and habitat enhancement","call_for_literature",NA,NA,"176-178",NA,NA,NA
"202",NA,NA,"RPRT","PBS&J","2001","AT&T Hollywood, Florida Station - year 2 monitoring report for repaired corals and artificial reef modules","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"203",NA,NA,"RPRT","Thanner, Sara","2014","Bal Harbour mitigation artificial reef monitoring program, year 14, 1999-2013. Progress report and summary","call_for_literature",NA,NA,"29",NA,NA,NA
"204",NA,NA,"CPAPER","Carter, A. and Prekel, S.","2008","Benthic colonization and ecological successional patterns on a planned nearshore artificial reef system in Broward County, SE Florida","call_for_literature",NA,NA,"1209-1213",NA,NA,NA
"205","Emily","Scheibling","JOUR","Higgins, E. and Scheibling, R. E. and Desilets, K. M. and Metaxas, A.","2019","Benthic community succession on artificial and natural coral reefs in the northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea","call_for_literature","14","2","e0212842","Evaluating the efficacy of artificial structures in enhancing or sustaining biodiversity on tropical coral reefs is key to assessing their role in reef conservation or management. Here, we compare spatial and temporal patterns of colonization and succession of the benthic assemblage on settlement collectors (ceramic tiles) in a 13-mo mensurative experiment on a suspended artificial reef, a seafloor artificial reef, and two nearby natural reefs at Eilat, Gulf of Aqaba. We also conducted a concurrent 7-mo manipulative experiment on the suspended reef and one of the natural reefs, and monitored fish feeding behaviour on experimental collectors, to examine effects of large mobile consumers on these patterns. In both experiments, taxonomic composition as percent planar cover for the whole community or biomass for the invertebrate component differed between collector topsides, dominated by a filamentous algal matrix, and shaded undersides with a profuse assemblage of suspension- or filter-feeding invertebrates. In the mensurative experiment, we found differences in final community and invertebrate composition between sites, which clustered according to reef type (artificial vs. natural) for collector undersides. Invertebrate biomass was greater at both artificial reefs than at one (undersides) or both (topsides) natural reefs. In the manipulative experiment, we found similar differences in composition between sites/reef types as well as between treatments (exclusion vs. control), and the invertebrate biomass was greater on the artificial reef. Invertebrate biomass was greater in the exclusion treatment than the control on collector undersides, suggesting mobile consumers can affect community composition and abundance. Predominant fish species observed interacting with collectors differed between artificial and natural reefs, likely contributing to differences in patterns of colonization and succession between sites and reef types. Our findings suggest artificial reefs have the potential to enhance cover and biomass of certain reef-associated assemblages, particularly those occupying sheltered microhabitats.","10.1371/journal.pone.0212842","https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30811459"
"206",NA,NA,"RPRT","Terramar Environmental Services, Inc.","2020","Benthic resource assessment t-pier improvements at Mallory Square City of Key West Monroe County, Florida","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"207",NA,NA,"RPRT","McLeod, Ian M. and Bourne, David and Ceccarelli, Daniela M. and Bostrom-Einarsson, Lisa and Cook, Nathan and Fulton, Stella E. and Hancock, Boze and Harrison, Peter and Hein, Margaux Y. and Le Port, Agnes and Paewai-Huggins, Roima and Smith, Hillary A. and Smith, Adam","2020","Best practice coral restoration for the great barrier reef: Synthesis of results","call_for_literature",NA,NA,"36",NA,NA,NA
"208",NA,NA,"RPRT","Spieler, Richard E.","2001","Biological assessment of artificial reef materials: Concrete aggregates and quarry stone","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"209",NA,NA,"THES","Walker, Brian K.","2002","Biological assessment of three artificial reef materials: Tire-concrete aggregate, gravel concrete aggregate, and limestone boulder","call_for_literature","Masters",NA,NA,NA,NA,"https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/294/"
"210",NA,NA,"JOUR","McLeod, Ian M. and Williamson, David H. and Taylor, Sascha T. and Srinivasan, Maya and Read, Mark and Boxer, Craig and Mattocks, Neil and Ceccarelli, Daniela M.","2019","Bommies away! Logistics and early effects of repositioning 400 tonnes of displaced coral colonies following cyclone impacts on the Great Barrier Reef","call_for_literature","20","3","3",NA,"10.1111/emr.1238",NA
"211",NA,NA,"RPRT","Technologies, Callaway Marine","2020","Central and north district plants ocean outall repairs: Coral relocation plan","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"212",NA,NA,"RPRT","Zuloaga, Patrick","2021","CHRI217021 replace wharf bulkhead, coral relocation and monitoring services","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"213",NA,NA,"THES","Cummings, Sandra L.","1990","Colonization of a nearshore artificial reef at Boca Raton (Palm Beach County), Florida","call_for_literature","Master of Science",NA,NA,"The Boca Raton artificial reef was designed to mitigate for the burial of nearshore rock habitat resulting from beach restoration. Seasonal recruitment and community development of the reef were studied from April 1988 to July 1990. Species diversity within the fish community reached an equilibrium 2-2.5 months following reef placement. Seasonality was recorded for juvenile, intermediate and adult life history stages. Encrusting invertebrates and algae exhibited preferences for vertical and horizontal substrates, respectively, while non-encrusting invertebrates exhibited no preference for surface orientation. No conspicuous seasonal trends were evident for the encrusting invertebrates, except for Watersipora spp. and Botryllus scholosseri. Equilibrium was not attained by invertebrates or algae, nor was there evidence of true ecological succession beyond the earlies stages. Instead, the reef appeared to be maintained in an early stage of development as a result of frequent physical disturbance.",NA,NA
"214",NA,NA,"THES","Lunteren, Peter van","2015","Comparing coral coverage, growth rates, and growth forms composition on a mineral accretion device during active and inactive periods","call_for_literature","Bachelor of Science",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"215",NA,NA,"THES","Thanner, Sara Matthews","2004","Comparison of the benthic assemblages on three types of artificial reef modules deployed in August of 1991","call_for_literature","Masters of Science",NA,"69",NA,NA,NA
"216",NA,NA,"RPRT","L.J. Raymundo, M.D. Andersen, C. Moreland-Ochoa, A. Castro, C. Lock, N. Burns, F. Taijeron, D. Combosch, D. Burdick","2022","Conservation & active restoration of Fuam's Staghorn Acropora corals","call_for_literature",NA,NA,"0-49",NA,NA,"https://www.uog.edu/_resources/files/ml/technical_reports/UOGML_TechRep168_Raymundo_2022.pdf"
"217",NA,NA,"RPRT","Terramar Environmental Services, Inc.","2014","Coral assessment: Port Everglades Turning Notch Extension TCG project no. 11-0052","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"218",NA,NA,"RPRT","Leclerc, Arnaud","2015","Coral growth rate monitoring in vivo on similarly healthy reinforced steel bar structures with and without mineral accretion device in an algae dominated reef","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"219",NA,NA,"JOUR","Burt, John and Bartholomew, Aaron and Bauman, Andrew and Saif, Abdulla and Sale, Peter F.","2009","Coral recruitment and early benthic community development on several materials used in the construction of artificial reefs and breakwaters","call_for_literature","373","1","72-78",NA,"10.1016/j.jembe.2009.03.009",NA
"220",NA,NA,"THES","Moulding, Alison L.","2007","Coral recruitment in the Florida Keys: Patterns, processes, and applications to reef restoration","call_for_literature","PhD",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"221",NA,NA,"RPRT","Terlouw, Gerianne","2012","Coral reef rehabilitation on Koh Tao, Thailand","call_for_literature",NA,NA,"32",NA,NA,NA
"222",NA,NA,"JOUR","Lindahl, U.","2003","Coral reef rehabilitation through transplantation of staghorn corals: effects of artificial stabilization and mechanical damages","call_for_literature","22","3","217-223",NA,"10.1007/s00338-003-0305-6",NA
"223",NA,NA,"RPRT","Hein, Margaux Y. and McLeod, Ian M. and Shaver, Elizabeth and Vardi, Tali and Pioch, Sylvain and Bostrom-Einarsson, Lisa and Ahmed, Mohamed and Grimsditch, Gabriel","2020","Coral reef restoration as a strategy to improve ecosystem services – A guide to coral restoration methods","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"224",NA,NA,"UNPB","Dilley, Erik R. Brush, Erik G. Jones, Ryan N. Hixon, Mark A.","2023","Coral restoration: roles of shelter for herbivores and reef health in early recruitment success","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"225",NA,NA,"JOUR","Becker, Lillian C. and Mueller, Erich","2001","The culture, transplantation, and storage of Montastraea Faveolata, Acropora Cervicornis, and Acropora Palmate: What we have learned so far","call_for_literature","69","2","881-896",NA,NA,NA
"226",NA,NA,"JOUR","Fitzgerald, Paul","2019","Description of egregious coral relocation activities observed at the Southport Artificial Reef Site","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"227",NA,NA,"JOUR","Sara E. Thanner, Timothy L. McIntosh, Stephen M. Blair","2006","Development of benthic and fish assemblages on artificial reef materials compared to adjacent natural reef assemblages in Miami-Dade County, Florida","call_for_literature","78",NA,"57-70",NA,NA,NA
"228",NA,NA,"RPRT","Service, National Park","2022","DRAFT coral relocation plan in support of repairs to Fort Jefferson counterscarp and dredging of selected areas","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"229",NA,NA,"RPRT","Harborne, Alistair R. and Kochan, David. and Luongo, Sarah. and McNamee, Elizabeth. and Papastamatiou, Yannis P.","2021","The effects on natural reefs of predatory fish aggregations around nearby artificial reefs: Final Report to Division of Marine Fisheries Management - Artificial Reef Program, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"230",NA,NA,"THES","Kilfoyle, Audie Kirk","2017","Exploring the potential for artificial reefs in coral reef restoration: Responses and interactions of associated biota to varying experimental treatments in the Mexican Caribbean","call_for_literature","Doctorate of Philosophy",NA,"336",NA,NA,"https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/440."
"231",NA,NA,"RPRT","Team, Florida Oceanographic Society Palm Beach County Reef Research Dive","2002","Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Grant No. 00122 Summary Report for October 2002 to September 2002 Grant Period","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,"The Palm Beach County Reef Research Team continued performing monitoring and mapping dives on the designated artificial reefs for the monitoring period from 1 October 2000 to 30 September 2002 encompassed by Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission Grant #00122. During the monitoring period, 52 monitoring events were completed on the designated research sites. The artificial reef sites monitored were the Princess Anne, Habitat Corridors (north and south), Royal Park Bridge Reef, Cross Current Reef, PEP Reef, Sugar Sands Ledges and the Rybovich Reef (aka Snook/Jewfish Ledges).",NA,NA
"232",NA,NA,"RPRT","Team, Florida Oceanographic Society Palm Beach County Reef Research","2008","Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Grant No. 06122 Final Report for February 12, 2006 to December 1, 2008 Grant Period","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,"The Palm Beach County Reef Research Team continued performing monitoring and mapping dives on the designated reefs for the monitoring period from November 2007 to November 2008 to complete the requirements encompassed by Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission Grant #06122. During the two year monitoring period, 37 monitoring events were completed on the designated research sites. The 14 artificial reef sites monitored in 2008 were: EIDSVAG, Governor’s River Walk Reef (2 events), Murphy’s Barge II (aka Runaway Barge), Tug Boat Reef, Raggs Reef, Ocean Ridge South, Tri-County Reef, Genesis Reef, Boca Corridors, Warrior’s Reef, Boynton Corridors, Royal Park Bridge, ESSO BONAIRE, and SEA EMPEROR (Fig. 1). The 4 natural reef sites monitored in 2008 were: Delray Ledge, Julie’s Reef, Larsen’s Valley, and Boca Ledge.",NA,NA
"233",NA,NA,"RPRT","Team, Florida Oceanographic Society Palm Beach County Reef Research","2006","Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commisssion Grant No. 04030 Annual Report for December 2004 to November 2006 Grant Period","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,"The Palm Beach County Reef Research Team continued performing monitoring and mapping dives on the designated reefs for the monitoring period from December 21, 2004 to December 1, 2006 encompassed by Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission Grant #04030. During the monitoring period, 50 monitoring events were completed on the designated research sites. The reef sites monitored were: BECKS, BUDBAR, CASTOR, Cross Current Reef, EIDSVAG/Rolls Royce, Governor’s River Walk, MG111, PRINCESS ANNE, SEA EMPEROR, Tug Boat Reef, UNITED CARIBBEAN, ZION TRAIN, Diamondhead Radnor Reef, Raggs Reef (Lynn’s Reef), Ocean Ridge South, PEP Reef, Research Team Reef, Rybovich Reef, Sugar Sands Ledges (North and South), Tri-county Reef, Warrior Reef, Boynton Corridors, Delray Ledge, Royal Park Bridge, Larsen’s Valley, and Spearmans Barge and natural reef.",NA,NA
"234",NA,NA,"JOUR","Atchison, Amy D. and Sammarco, Paul W. and Brazeau, Daniel A.","2008","Genetic connectivity in corals on the Flower Garden Banks and surrounding oil/gas platforms, Gulf of Mexico","call_for_literature","365","1","1-12",NA,"10.1016/j.jembe.2008.07.002",NA
"235",NA,NA,"RPRT","Hague, Erin and Barrett, Christie A. and Prekel, Stacy E. and Kruempel, Craig J.","2006","Globenet (Formerly Atlantica U.S.A., L.L.C.) Fiberoptic Cable Installation Boca Raton (Palm Beach County), Florida - GLOBENET (Formerly ATLANTICA-I SYSTEM) Cables 1 and 2 stony coral impact and artificial reef colonization five-year post-construction monitoring report","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,"The GlobeNet (formerly Atlantica-I System) Cables 1 and 2 were placed over the barrier reef offshore of Boca Raton, FL on November 15, 2000 and November 18, 2000, respectively. Cable 1 was measured to cross approximately 1,600 feet of hardbottom habitat, and Cable 2 was laid over approximately 1,150 feet of hardbottom habitat. Station 00+00 was established as the point landward (west) of where each cable crosses hardbottom habitat. The eastern limits were set as Station 16+00 (feet) for Cable 1, and Station 11+50 (feet) for Cable 2.",NA,NA
"236",NA,NA,"THES","Glynn Fahy, Elizabeth","2003","Growth and survivorship of Meandrina meandrites and Montastrea cavernosa transplants to an artificial reef environment, and the effectiveness of plugging core holes in transplant donor colonies","call_for_literature","Master of Science",NA,NA,NA,NA,"https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/299/"
"237",NA,NA,"WEB","E.A. Glynn, T.P. Quinn, D.P. Fahy, R.E. Dodge, D.S. Gilliam, and R.E. Spieler","2003","Growth and survivorship of stony coral Meandrina meandrites and Montastrea cavernosa transplants to an artificial reef environment: a work in progress","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"https://www.artificialreefs.org/ScientificReports/Growth%20and%20Survivorship%20of%20Stony%20Coral%20Meandrina%20meandrites%20and%20Montastrea%20cavernosa%20Transplants%20to%20an%20Artificial%20Reef%20Environment%20A%20Work%20in%20Progress.htm"
"238",NA,NA,"RPRT","Scott, Chad","2015","Incident report and restoration overview boat grounding: Chalok Ban Kao Reef","call_for_literature",NA,NA,"0-15",NA,NA,NA
"239",NA,NA,"THES","Quinn, T. Patrick","2009","The influence of artificial reef associated fish assemblages and varying substrates on coral recruitment","call_for_literature","Doctor of Philosophy",NA,"124",NA,NA,NA
"240",NA,NA,"THES","Robitaille, Theresa E.","2014","Long-term stony coral transplantation success offshore southeast, Florida, USA","call_for_literature","Master of Science",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"241",NA,NA,"JOUR","Stratton, J. Harold Hudson; Joe Schittone; Jeff Anderson; Erik C. Franklin; Alice","2008","M/V ALEC OWEN MAITLAND coral reef restoration monitoring report monitoring events 2004-2007 Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Monroe County, Florida","call_for_literature",NA,"NMSP-08-01","0-46",NA,NA,NA
"242",NA,NA,"RPRT","Stratton, J. Harold Hudson; Joe Schittone; Jeff Anderson; Erik C. Franklin; Alice","2008","M/V ELPIS coral reef restoration monitoring report monitoring events 2004-2007 Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Monroe County, Florida","call_for_literature",NA,NA,"36",NA,NA,NA
"243",NA,NA,"RPRT","Stratton, J. Harold Hudson; Jeff Anderson; Erik C. Franklin; Joe Schittone; Alice","2007","M/V WELLWOOD coral reef restoration monitoring report monitoring events 2004-2006 Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Monroe County, Florida","call_for_literature",NA,NA,"0-63",NA,NA,NA
"244",NA,NA,"RPRT","Smith, CDM","2018","Natural resource survey report: Cruise Terminal H Berthing Area","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"245",NA,NA,"RPRT","Inc., Continental Shelf Associates","2006","Nearshore artificial reef monitoring report final report","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,"This document presents the results of the fourth annual nearshore artificial reef monitoring project for Palm Beach County Department of Environmental Resources Management DERM). Artificial reefs were deployed offshore of Palm Beach County, Florida to mitigate for direct losses of nearshore hard bottom and provide recreational opportunities for county residents. This report updates the ongoing monitoring of the artificial reefs, with particular attention to the development of epibiotal and fish assemblages. Since 2001, Continental Shelf Associates, Inc. (CSA) has completed annual monitoring surveys consisting of three field sampling events per survey period.",NA,NA
"246",NA,NA,"RPRT","Powers, Sean P. and Fodrie, F. Joel","2008","Phipps Ocean Park (Reach 7) mitigation artificial reef monitoring plan: Habitat suitability analysis and fish production predictions","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,"Habitat restoration has become a central component of management plans designed to conserve natural resources (Zedler, 2000). Particularly along the coast where societal demands have been the greatest, there has been significant growth in the practice of restoration to compensate for wetland, beach, and subtidal reef habitat loss/alteration. However, Peterson et al. (2003) noted that restoration efforts have leaped ahead of much of the ecological theory necessary to ensure ecosystem function of reconstructed habitats is maximized. For instance, key questions for determining if restored habitats can provide any ecological benefit include the following: 1) Do the mitigation habitats provide similar ecological benefits as the damaged habitats?; 2) Are targeted species’ (i.e., species of economic importance) habitats limited and, thus, expected to show an increased population after reconstruction?; and 3) Do reconstructed habitats enhance production by providing refuges from predation or abundant food resources (Peterson et al., 2003). Typically, restoration efforts have proceeded under the “if you build it, they will come” hypothesis and without sufficient monitoring necessary to rigorously examine these or other related ecological issues. The Phipps Ocean Park monitoring survey provides the opportunity to rigorously examine many of these questions in order to evaluate the project’s success in replacing lost ecological value of damaged habitats.",NA,NA
"247",NA,NA,"JOUR","Antonio L. Ortiz-Prosper, Austin Bowden-Kerby, Hector Ruiz, Oscar Tirado, Alex Cabán, Gerzon Sanchez and Juan C. Crespo","2001","Planting small massive corals on small artificial concrete reefs or dead coral heads","call_for_literature","69","2","1047–1051",NA,NA,NA
"248",NA,NA,"RPRT","Trbovich, Stephen. Deis, Don","2020","Port Miami - pilot house revetment environmental resource survey","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"249",NA,NA,"JOUR","Noonan, Kara and Fair, Thomas and Matthee, Kristiaan and Sox, Kelsey and Smith, Kylie and Childress, Michael","2021","Reef fish associations with natural and artificial structures in the Florida Keys","call_for_literature","2",NA,"634-648",NA,"10.3390/oceans20300036",NA
"250",NA,NA,"RPRT","Edwards, Alasdair J. and Gomez, Edgardo","2007","Reef restoration concepts and guidelines: making sensible management choices in the face of uncertainty","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"251",NA,NA,"THES","Wever, Sam","2022","Ship groundings and boulder deployment: A study on restoration of ship grounding sites in the Kristin Jacobs Coral Reef Ecosystem Conservation Area","call_for_literature","MS",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"252",NA,NA,"THES","STEPHENS, NICOLE R.","2007","Stony coral transplantation associated with coastal and marine construction activities","call_for_literature","Master of Science",NA,"76",NA,NA,"https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/258/"
"253",NA,NA,"RPRT","Awang, Daud; Pit, Ismaili Bujang","","Study On Reef Ball at Batu Penyu nearby Talang Talang Island","call_for_literature",NA,NA,"10",NA,NA,NA
"254",NA,NA,"RPRT","Gilliam, David S.","2012","A study to evaluate reef recovery following injury and mitigation structures offshore southeast Florida: Phase II","call_for_literature",NA,NA,"77",NA,NA,NA
"255",NA,NA,"CONF","Thornton, S.L. and Dodge, Richard E. and Gilliam, David S. and DeVictor, R. and Cooke, P.","2000","Success and growth of corals transplanted to cement armor mat tiles in southeast Florida: Implications for reef restoration","call_for_literature",NA,NA,"23-27",NA,NA,"https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022&context=occ_facpresentations"
"256",NA,NA,"RPRT","G. M. Selby and Associates Inc.","1995","Sunny Isles artificial reef monitoring project-sixteenth quarterly report-September 1995","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"257",NA,NA,"JOUR","Coastal Eco-Group, Inc.","2016","Town of Palm Beach coral nursery mitigation and Port of Palm Beach Slip 3 coral relocation project – year 2 post-transplant monitoring report","call_for_literature",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
"258",NA,NA,"RPRT","Prekel, Stacy E. and Craft, Jessica and Carter, Adrienne P.","2008","U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Palm Beach Harbor maintenance dredging program, Town of Palm Beach mitigative artificial reef, 1-year post-mitigation biological monitoring report","call_for_literature",NA,NA,"30","A 0.8 acre artificial reef was constructed in July 2007 as additional mitigation to offset impacts due to project fill from the Phipps Ocean Park Beach Restoration Project. After completion of the 0.8 acre reef, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) considered the 3.1 acre mitigative artificial reef (built in 2004) as complete fulfillment of Permit No. 0165332-006-JC requirements and did not need to consider the 0.8 acre reef as mitigation for the 2006 Phipps Ocean Park Beach Restoration Project. Therefore, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the TOPB requested credit for the 0.8 acre reef to offset impacts to a patch reef located between FDEP monuments R-78 and R-79 which lies within the equilibrium toe of fill (ETOF) of project activities associated with the Palm Beach Harbor Maintenance Dredging Program. A minimum of 0.12 acres of the 0.8 acre artificial reef was required by FDEP Permit No. 0165332-007-JC to offset the anticipated impact to the nearshore hardbottom associated with these activities. Biological monitoring transects were established on the patch reef located between R-78 and R-79 to track impact from beach fill activities, as well as to serve as a comparison to the artificial reef transects established on the 0.8 acre artificial reef. Eight transects in total (4 on the artificial reef and 4 on the patch reef) were monitored following reef construction in November 2007 and 1-Year Post-Mitigation in July 2008. This report details the results of the biological monitoring associated with these sites. The hardbottom on the patch reef was delineated from rectified aerials to determine changes in acreage over time. The patch reef has been shown to be naturally ephemeral. This is supported by historic delineations that reveal a highly dynamic habitat: 0.12 acres of hardbottom was exposed in 2004, complete burial was observed in 2005, 0.40 acres of hardbottom was exposed in 2007, and 0.10 acres of hardbottom was exposed in 2008. The biological monitoring plan intends to address the following concerns/goals: 1) To study the functions of the natural patch reef and the artificial reef habitats; 2) To determine whether the mitigative artificial reef provides the functions of the patch reef impacted by the beach fill activities associated with the Palm Beach Harbor Maintenance Dredging Program; 3) To describe the probable efficacy of mitigation reefs as replacement for patch reef habitat in a wider context. The benthic community on the patch reef did not change significantly between the 2007 and 2008 monitoring events; however, the fact that no pre-construction monitoring was conducted prevents comparison to pre-fill placement conditions. A comparison between the artificial reef and the patch reef revealed that the benthic communities were not completely distinct from each other as they were immediately following mitigation construction. Although differences exist after one year of ‘soak time’, the benthic community on the artificial reef is developing as expected. Quantitative analyses indicate that the benthic assemblage on the artificial reef has increased in similarity to the patch reef and future monitoring will provide further information to determine if the artificial reef will continue to increase in similarity to the natural hardbottom.",NA,NA