Deeleman-ReinholdChrista L.AddinkWouterMillerJeremy A.The genera Chrysillaand Phintelloidesrevisited with the description of a new species (Araneae, Salticidae) using digital specimen DOIs and nanopublicationsBiodivers Data J030920241210.3897/BDJ.12.e129438 1AFC737F-365F-59AD-82A9-C4BE43F6FDA2 Chrysilla volupe https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/288943/taxon/5YKJD (Karsch, 1879) World Spider Catalog: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:035559 Attusvolupe Karsch, 1879 - Karsch 1879: 552 (m) Sri Lanka (Ceylon). Chrysillasp. - Prószyński 1984: 19 (m) Bhutan (according to Żabka 1988: 465). Silersemiglaucus (Simon, 1901) - Prószyński 1985: 73, figs 16-17 (f, misidentified according to Caleb et al. 2018: 144) Sri Lanka (Ceylon). Phintellavolupe (Karsch, 1879) - Żabka 1988: 465, figs 122-125 (m); Caleb and Mathai 2014: 64, figs 15-23 (m) India. Chrysillavolupe (Karsch, 1879) - Caleb 2016: 271, India; Thumar and Dholakia 2018: 2, figs 1-6 (m) India; Caleb et al. 2018: 144, figs 1-25 (mf) India; Kanesharatnam and Benjamin 2019: 49, figs 20C-F, 21A-E, 22A-D (mf) Sri Lanka; Magar et al. 2020: 4, figs 4-6 (mf) Nepal.Materials

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: MMUE 7572.6434; recordNumber: CM 15916; recordedBy: F. & J. A. Murphy; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; otherCatalogNumbers: https://doi.org/10.3535/67X-9R9-YCM; occurrenceID: 01C98BCA-9D5C-5E2A-B63A-6417E1E0562B; Taxon: scientificName: Chrysillavolupe; Location: country: Sri Lanka; locality: Peradeniya, Leersia; verbatimElevation: 500 m; verbatimCoordinates: 7°16’01”N 80°35'44”E; decimalLatitude: 7.2669444444444; decimalLongitude: 80.595555555556; Event: eventDate: 1986-11-25; Record Level: institutionID: https://ror.org/027m9bs27; institutionCode: MMUE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: RMNH.ARA.18249; recordedBy: P. R. & C. L. Deeleman; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; otherCatalogNumbers: https://doi.org/10.3535/6H9-R1R-330; occurrenceID: 1F561749-E7FA-5747-AA7A-FF9401CC24C8; Taxon: scientificName: Chrysillavolupe; Location: country: Sri Lanka; locality: Kataragama Peak (Tissamaharama); verbatimCoordinates: 6°23’35”N 81°20’17”E; decimalLatitude: 26.393055555556; decimalLongitude: 81.338055555556; Event: eventDate: 1981-08-18; habitat: dry bush litter; Record Level: institutionID: https://ror.org/0566bfb96; institutionCode: RMNH; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: RMNH.ARA.18259; recordedBy: P. R. & C. L. Deeleman; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; otherCatalogNumbers: https://doi.org/10.3535/WL8-0R1-42B; occurrenceID: C37E9FA4-7FA4-59B4-BF7A-7F5A705DC44B; Taxon: scientificName: Chrysillavolupe; Location: country: Sri Lanka; locality: Kataragama Peak (Tissamaharama); verbatimCoordinates: 6°23’35”N 81°20’17”E; decimalLatitude: 26.393055555556; decimalLongitude: 81.338055555556; Event: eventDate: 1981-08-18; habitat: dry bush litter; Record Level: institutionID: https://ror.org/0566bfb96; institutionCode: RMNH; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Description

Additions to the description of the male (Leersia). Abdomen in alcohol with middle band slightly paler than lateral areas, as in lauta ornamented with some gold reflecting scales and anteriorly areas with black setae; venter as in lauta. All legs dark, tarsi mostly light. Male palp (Fig. 7): femur, patella and tibia and basal half of cymbium brown (blue in life), distal half of cymbium white. Measurements. Body length 3.40 (smaller then described specimens from India), carapace length 1.40, width 1.00, height 0.60. Abdomen length 2.00 width 0.55. Palp femur 0.60, patella 0.20, tibia 0.15, cymbium length 0,60, width 0.20. Chelicerae not diverging. Leg I 3.70 (1.10 [width 0.35] – 0.40 – 0.80 - 1.10 – 0.30), legs II lost, leg III 2.60 (0.70 – 0.40 - 0.50 – 0.60 – 0.40), leg IV 3.30 (1.00 - 0.30 – 0.70 – 0.90 – 0.40).

Female (Tissamaharama). No abdominal pattern distinguishable in preserved specimen (Fig. 8c; Kanesharatnam and Benjamin 2019: fig 22A). Live animals with mottled black, red, and iridescent blue (Kanesharatnam and Benjamin 2019: fig 22A; Caleb et al. 2018: figs 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12). Copulatory ducts longer than in C.lauta, length 1½ x diameter of spermatheca, in anterior half running adjacent and parallel to each other (Kanesharatnam and Benjamin 2019: fig. 20E, F); in C.lauta ducts length not much more than 1 diameter of spermathecae and curved over whole length (Fig. 4b, c, d).

Diagnosis

This species is similar to C. lauta. The carapace as in C. lauta, the dorsal abdomen pattern is distinctive, in life with an anterior iridescent green band followed by a wide M-shaped band in red, behind which another red band with green in between, distally an iridescent black/violet tail (Fig. 2, Caleb et al. 2018: figs 1-12); this pattern may be preserved or lost in alcohol. Male palp with several features that can be used for identification. In C.volupe (Fig. 7), the palpal tibia and basal part of cymbium are darkish, (blue in life), white in C.lauta; the dorsal margin of rta is more slender and smoothly curved, in C.lauta it is somewhat wider and dorsally slightly undulating. This latter key character agrees with drawings of a palp of the type specimen of C.volupe from Sri Lanka by Żabka 1988 (figs 122, 124), but not when comparing with Prószyński's palp drawing of “Chrysilla” sp. from Bhutan (Prószyński 1984: 19), which was interpreted as this species by Żabka 1988: 466). In female C. lauta all legs are uniform pale, in female C.volupe legs are pale with a few black rings on leg IV.

Distribution

Sri Lanka, India, Bhutan, Nepal. Caleb and Mathai 2014 (p. 64) erroneously cite Burma among the distribution records (Caleb et al. 2018). In addition, the online biodiversity monitoring community iNaturalist.org has research grade records from Bangladesh and Myanmar.

Ecology

Foliage and dry leaf litter.

Biology

Male C.volupe spiders have been seen moving their palps up and down continuously and waving their long thin abdomen in circles up in the air, exhibiting large white light-reflecting spots.

Chrysillavolupe (Karsch, 1879), photographs of right male pedipalp reversed so as to appear as a left pedipalp to facilitate comparison

9874487B-A5BF-584A-A48E-EDC6E1E34C1C10.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure7a

Chrysillavolupe (Karsch, 1879), reversed right male pedipalp, ventral view, CM 15916

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F6AF3B36-31C8-5AB5-BBDE-E63B41CE441C10.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure7b

Chrysillavolupe (Karsch, 1879), reversed right male pedipalp, retrolateral view, CM 15916

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Chrysillavolupe (Karsch, 1879) and Chrysilladeelemani Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2010, photographs of male and female preserved specimens

A324B607-78E2-56E7-8B93-FAB088DD77DF10.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure8a

Chrysillavolupe (Karsch, 1879), male habitus, dorsal view, CM 15916

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EFFF3521-8220-53A0-8803-1B13711785F010.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure8b

Chrysillavolupe (Karsch, 1879), male habitus, ventral view, CM 15916

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2D397ADF-7383-50ED-82D7-B015831631A310.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure8c

Chrysillavolupe (Karsch, 1879), female habitus, dorsal view, RMNH.ARA.18259, scale bar 1 mm

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16CD63AF-48B8-5062-84B7-1433DF99CCE710.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure8d

Chrysilladeelemani Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2010, female habitus, dorsal view, RMNH.ARA.18265

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2D397ADF-7383-50ED-82D7-B015831631A310.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure8c

Chrysillavolupe (Karsch, 1879), female habitus, dorsal view, RMNH.ARA.18259, scale bar 1 mm

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Chrysillalauta Thorell, 1887, photographs and illustrations of preserved specimens and female reproductive structures

5171E42D-6B1D-56EB-AED9-8825072DD15610.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure4a

Chrysillalauta Thorell, 1887, male prosoma, anterior view, CM 15726

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613C4D87-D14D-5B65-BA74-69367F37C1E710.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure4b

Chrysillalauta Thorell, 1887, female vulva, dorsal view, CM19182, scale bar 0.1 mm

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C49E8668-A4F2-55EB-92C6-757DC67A18A110.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure4c

Chrysillalauta Thorell, 1887, female epigynum, ventral view, illustration, scale bar 0.2 mm

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1D1E1F43-7D79-5F25-8DD4-75E76F3B5E0D10.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure4d

Chrysillalauta Thorell, 1887, female epigynum, dorsal view, illustration, scale bar 0.2 mm

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1060682
613C4D87-D14D-5B65-BA74-69367F37C1E710.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure4b

Chrysillalauta Thorell, 1887, female vulva, dorsal view, CM19182, scale bar 0.1 mm

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1126773
C49E8668-A4F2-55EB-92C6-757DC67A18A110.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure4c

Chrysillalauta Thorell, 1887, female epigynum, ventral view, illustration, scale bar 0.2 mm

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1060681
1D1E1F43-7D79-5F25-8DD4-75E76F3B5E0D10.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure4d

Chrysillalauta Thorell, 1887, female epigynum, dorsal view, illustration, scale bar 0.2 mm

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1060682

Selected images of Chrysillalauta Thorell, 1887 reproduced from field guides and taxonomic literature showing fresh specimens and animals in living color

344546D9-DD44-566B-A5B0-C6B61416CD5410.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure2a

Chrysillalauta Thorell, 1887, Kanesharatnam and Benjamin, 2019, fig. 19A, male habitus, dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm

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F0FC9047-65BA-5BA3-8EED-E5E7722948B010.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure2b

Chrysillalauta Thorell, 1887, Koh et al., 2022, p. 347, live female, reproduced with permission, photo credit Paul Y.C. Ng

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EFA71986-C9DD-5151-AE7B-83181C84D48010.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure2c

Chrysillalauta Thorell, 1887, Koh et al., 2022, p. 347, live male, reproduced with permission, photo credit Melvyn Yeo

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E00019AB-7232-5763-8C55-78DD1BF655BB10.3897/BDJ.12.e129438.figure2d

Chrysillalauta Thorell, 1887, Koh et al., 2022, p. 347, live male, reproduced with permission, photo credit Melvyn Yeo

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