Table 3. Comparative evaluation of DGC and single selection of spermatozoa on SDF between two morphologies.

^aStatistical analysis was done based on repeated measures ANOVA. P<0.05 is considered statistically significant. Bonferroni was used to adjust for multiple comparisons within each group.

^*Processed samples: Semen samples after DGC, ^#Single selection: Population of spermatozoa cells selected under ×400 magnification by an embryologist.

SDF: sperm DNA fragmentation, DGC: density gradient centrifugation.

Morphology
SDF/group	Group 1	Group 2	P-value	Procedure effect	Procedure group effect
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
SDF semen	27.54 ± 4.97	28.00 ± 3.20	0.821	F=59.91, P=0.001a	F=0.134, P=0.805a
SDF processed sample*	24.07 ± 4.06	24.44 ± 3.004	0.816
SDF single selection#	22.07 ± 3.31	22.00 ± 2.95	0.959