Hoke et al. 10.1073/pnas.0502361102. |
Table 2. Egr-1 levels in hypothalamic and auditory regions
Brain region | Silence | Physalaemus enesefae | Chuck-only | Whine | Whine-chuck | ||||||||||
Mean | SE | N | Mean | SE | N | Mean | SE | N | Mean | SE | N | Mean | SE | N | |
DH | 1.64 | 0.51 | 8 | 1.85 | 0.30 | 7 | 1.87 | 0.35 | 6 | 2.53 | 0.40 | 5 | 2.20 | 0.40 | 8 |
LH | 1.99 | 0.50 | 8 | 1.08 | 0.18 | 7 | 1.13 | 0.18 | 6 | 2.74 | 0.65 | 5 | 2.35 | 0.53 | 8 |
NP | 2.20 | 0.26 | 8 | 2.02 | 0.27 | 7 | 2.39 | 0.37 | 6 | 2.29 | 0.34 | 7 | 2.93 | 0.36 | 8 |
POA | 1.37 | 0.33 | 8 | 1.34 | 0.24 | 7 | 1.51 | 0.24 | 8 | 2.12 | 0.37 | 7 | 1.43 | 0.23 | 7 |
SC | 0.81 | 0.09 | 7 | 1.06 | 0.11 | 7 | 1.20 | 0.20 | 6 | 3.08 | 0.79 | 5 | 1.40 | 0.22 | 8 |
PT | 1.52 | 0.36 | 8 | 1.26 | 0.16 | 7 | 1.39 | 0.34 | 6 | 2.39 | 0.45 | 5 | 2.75 | 0.44 | 8 |
VH | 2.01 | 0.16 | 8 | 2.18 | 0.26 | 7 | 1.84 | 0.20 | 6 | 1.85 | 0.17 | 7 | 2.03 | 0.11 | 8 |
LAM | 1.23 | 0.04 | 5 | 1.85 | 0.04 | 4 | 1.54 | 0.43 | 5 | 2.77 | 0.60 | 5 | 2.11 | 0.78 | 6 |
MID | 3.44 | 0.82 | 5 | 4.35 | 1.60 | 3 | 3.33 | 0.38 | 5 | 3.85 | 0.38 | 5 | 3.46 | 0.56 | 6 |
PRINC | 2.98 | 0.51 | 5 | 3.26 | 0.15 | 4 | 2.85 | 0.19 | 5 | 4.12 | 0.27 | 5 | 3.69 | 0.61 | 6 |
VENT | 0.80 | 0.43 | 5 | 1.10 | 0.17 | 4 | 1.19 | 0.23 | 5 | 0.93 | 0.10 | 5 | 0.95 | 0.24 | 6 |
SI | 0.89 | 0.15 | 7 | 1.79 | 0.36 | 6 | 1.36 | 0.26 | 6 | 2.05 | 0.62 | 7 | 1.62 | 0.35 | 8 |
A | 1.51 | 0.40 | 7 | 0.77 | 0.27 | 7 | 0.79 | 0.15 | 6 | 1.26 | 0.34 | 6 | 0.72 | 0.16 | 8 |
C | 1.23 | 0.25 | 7 | 1.53 | 0.17 | 7 | 1.27 | 0.22 | 6 | 1.86 | 0.29 | 7 | 2.07 | 0.35 | 8 |
Mean egr-1 levels (grains/pixel ´ 104), standard errors of the mean (SE), and sample sizes (N) for each brain region analyzed. DH, dorsal hypothalamus; LH, lateral hypothalamus; NP, nucleus of the periventricular organ; POA, anterior preoptic area; SC, suprachiasmatic nucleus; PT, posterior tuberculum; VH, ventral hypothalamus; LAM, laminar nucleus of torus semicircularis; MID, midline nucleus of torus; PRINC, principal nucleus of torus; VENT, ventral nucleus of torus; SI, secondary isthmal nucleus; A, anterior thalamic nucleus; C, central thalamic nucleus.
Table 3. Effects of stimulus on egr-1 levels in seven hypothalamic regions
Brain region | Main effect stimulus | Contrast: Sound | Contrast: Relevance | Contrast: Preferred |
S, E, C, W, WC | -4, 1, 1, 1, 1 | 0, -1, -1, 1, 1 | 0, 0, 0, -1, 1 | |
DH | F(4,29) = 0.630 [p = 0.645] | t(29) = 1.062 [0.297] | t(29) = 1.163 [0.254] | t(29) = -0.520 [0.607] |
LH | F(4,29) = 2.393 [p = 0.074] | t(29) = -0.340 [0.736] | t(29) = 3.058 [0.005] | t(29) = -0.573 [0.571] |
NP | F(4,31) = 1.216 [p = 0.324] | t(31) = 0.596 [0.555] | t(31) = 1.236 [0.226] | t(31) = 1.427 [0.164] |
POA | F(4,32) = 1.204 [p = 0.328] | t(32) = 0.714 [0.480] | t(32) = 1.210 [0.235] | t(32) = -1.652 [0.108] |
SC | F(4,28) = 7.073 [p = 0.000] | t(28) = 2.591 [0.015] | t(28) = 3.530 [0.001] | t(28) = -3.747 [0.001] |
TP | F(4,29) = 3.368 [p = 0.022] | t(29) = 1.101 [0.280] | t(29) = 3.243 [0.003] | t(29) = 0.653 [0.519] |
VH | F(4,31) = 0.559 [p = 0.694] | t(31) = -0.185 [0.855] | t(31) = -0.365 [0.717] | t(31) = 0.706 [0.485] |
Orthogonal contrasts as follows: Sound indicates comparisons between frogs exposed to any mate calls compared to unstimulated animals (coded by -4 assigned to S, 1 assigned to other 4 variables). The contrast entitled Relevance refers to comparisons between females that heard natural conspecific stimuli (coded +1) compared with those hearing the calls that never occur naturally in Panama and elicit no behavioral response (coded -1). The Preferred contrast compares animals that heard the two conspecific calls, whine (coded -1) vs. whine-chuck (coded +1). P value associated with F or t test in brackets. Abbreviations for brain regions as in Table 2.
Table 4. Auditory regions whose egr-1 levels best predict lateral hypothalamus egr-1 expression, based on linear regression summarized in Table 3
Auditory region | B coefficient | SE | b | t | Significance |
Laminar nucleus (Torus) | -0.301 | 0.203 | -0.271 | -1.479 | 0.160 |
Midline nucleus (Torus) | 0.056 | 0.189 | 0.058 | 0.298 | 0.770 |
Principal nucleus (Torus) | 0.902 | 0.272 | 0.678 | 3.316 | 0.005 |
Ventral nucleus (Torus) | -1.212 | 0.434 | -0.506 | -2.790 | 0.014 |
Secondary isthmal nucleus | 0.401 | 0.223 | 0.294 | 1.797 | 0.092 |
Anterior thalamic nucleus | -0.562 | 0.355 | -0.273 | -1.584 | 0.134 |
Central thalamic nucleus | 0.352 | 0.319 | 0.194 | 1.103 | 0.287 |
Table 5. Auditory regions whose egr-1 levels best predict posterior tuberculum egr-1 expression, based on linear regression summarized in Table 3
Auditory region | B coefficient | SE | b | t | Significance |
Laminar nucleus (Torus) | 0.071 | 0.178 | 0.075 | 0.399 | 0.695 |
Midline nucleus (Torus) | 0.274 | 0.165 | 0.331 | 1.656 | 0.119 |
Principal nucleus (Torus) | -0.095 | 0.238 | -0.084 | -0.401 | 0.694 |
Ventral nucleus (Torus) | -0.700 | 0.380 | -0.341 | -1.841 | 0.085 |
Secondary isthmal nucleus | -0.246 | 0.195 | -0.211 | -1.263 | 0.226 |
Anterior thalamic nucleus | -0.264 | 0.310 | -0.149 | -0.849 | 0.409 |
Central thalamic nucleus | 1.482 | 0.279 | 0.952 | 5.310 | 0.000 |
Table 6. Auditory regions whose egr-1 levels best predict suprachiasmatic egr-1 expression, based on linear regression summarized in Table 3
Auditory region | B coefficient | SE | b | t | Significance |
Laminar nucleus (Torus) | 0.236 | 0.083 | 0.363 | 2.847 | 0.013 |
Midline nucleus (Torus) | -0.052 | 0.079 | -0.084 | -0.667 | 0.516 |
Principal nucleus (Torus) | -0.061 | 0.119 | -0.078 | -0.510 | 0.618 |
Ventral nucleus (Torus) | -0.151 | 0.171 | -0.101 | -0.884 | 0.391 |
Secondary isthmal nucleus | 0.642 | 0.091 | 0.798 | 7.055 | 0.000 |
Anterior thalamic nucleus | -.0146 | 0.170 | -0.103 | -0.858 | 0.405 |
Central thalamic nucleus | 0.237 | 0.135 | 0.223 | 1.758 | 0.101 |