Supporting information for Campbell et al. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99 (12), 7877–7882. (10.1073/pnas.082243699)

Table 3. Codon replacements used in the directed evolution of the dimer2 and mRFP1

Library

Primer pairs for fragment amplification

Positions

Codon*

Possible substitutions

Genetic diversity

D1

1. PRSET_BamH1_FW/I161X_K163X_RV
2. I161X_K163X_FW/S179X_RV
3. S179X_FW/S197X_A_RV
4. S197X_A_FW/PRSET_EcoR1_RV

I161
K163
S179
S197

VYC
MWS
NCC
NCC

T/I/A/V/P/L
Q/H/L/K/N/M/I
A/S/T/P
A/S/T/P

~800 sequences

D3

1. PRSET_BamH1_FW/S197X_B_RV
2. S197X_B_FW/T217X_RV
3. T217X_FW/PRSET_EcoR1_RV

K70
S197
T217

ARG
NNK
DYC

K/R
All 20 a.a.
A/T/S/V/I/F

~400 sequences

D4

1. PRSET_BamH1_FW/C117X_V127T_RV
2. C117X_V127T_FW/PRSET_EcoR1_RV

C117
F118
F124
V127

RVS
NTS
NTS
ACC

T/K/S/N/R/A/E/G/D
L/M/V/I/F
L/M/V/I/F
T

~800 sequences

D5

1. PRSET_BamH1_FW/I161X_K163X_RV
2. I161X_K163X_FW/S179X_RV
3. S179X_FW/S197X_RV
4. S197X_FW/H222G_F224G_RV

I161
K163
S179
S197
H222
F224

VYC
MWS
NCC
NCC
GGC
GGC

T/I/A/V/P/L
Q/H/L/K/N/M/I
A/S/T/P
A/S/T/P
G
G

~400 sequences

M1

1. PRSET_BamH1_FW/E144X_A164X_RV
2. E144X_A164X_FW/H222G_F224G_RV

E144
A145
S146
I161
H162
K163
A164
H222
F224

VVS
VVS
ASC
NHC
ARG
NWS
ARG
GGC
GGC

G/R/A/P/T/E/Q/K/S/D/H/N
G/R/A/P/T/E/Q/K/S/D/H/N
S/T
N/D/H/Y/T/A/P/S/I/L/V/F
K/R
K/E/Q/M/V/L/N/D/H/Y/I/F
K/R
G
G

~500,000 sequences

M3

1. PRSET_BamH1_FW/C117X_S131X_RV
2. C117X_S131X_FW/H162X_A164X_RV
3. H162X_A164X_FW/Y192A_Y194A_RV
4. Y192A_Y194A_FW/H222G_F224G_RV

C117
F124
V127
S131
H162
K163
A164
Y192
Y194
H222
F224

RVS
NTS
ACC
YCC
ARG
MWS
ARG
GCC
GCC
GGC
GGC

T/K/S/N/R/A/E/G/D
L/M/V/I/F
T
S/P
K/R
Q/H/L/K/N/M/I
K/R
A
A
G
G

~1,600,000 sequences with 4 templates shuffled in 4 fragments

M4

1. PRSET_BamH1_FW/K70X_K83X_RV
2. K70X_K83X_FW/Y192X_S197X_RV
3. Y192X_S197X_FW/T217X_L225X_RV

K70
V71
K83
Y192
Y194
V195
S197
T217
L223
L225

ARG
GYC
WWK
RMS
RMS
RYC
RYC
DCC
RMS
RMS

K/R
V/A
N/K/I/M/Y/F/L
E/D/A/K/N/T
E/D/A/K/N/T
T/I/A/V
T/I/A/V
S/T/A
E/D/A/K/N/T
E/D/A/K/N/T

~6,000,000 sequences

M6

1. PRSET_BamH1_FW/L174X_I180X_RV
2. L174X_I180X_FW/PRSET_EcoR1_RV

L174
V175
F177
I180

VVC
NYC
NYC
AYC

A/D/G/H/N/P/R/S/T
P/T/S/A/L/I/F/V
P/T/S/A/L/I/F/V
I/T

~4,600 sequences with 2 templates shuffled in 2 fragments

M7

1. PRSET_BamH1_FW/A145X_V156X_RV
2. A145X_V156X_FW/PRSET_EcoR1_RV
then
3.V1a_del_FW/H222S_REV

V1a
A145
R149
L150
R153
V156
H222

Deletion
SCC
CRS
NTS
VAS
RBC
TCC

Deletion
A/P
Q/H/R/R
L/M/V/I/F
E/Q/D/H/K/N
V/A/T/I/S/G
S

~2,300 sequences

*The standard mixed base definitions are R = A/G, Y = C/T, M = A/C, K = G/T, S = C/G, W = A/T, H = A/C/T, B = C/G/T, V = A/C/G, D = A/G/T, N = A/C/G/T.
Multiple templates were used to introduce these K70 substitutions.