HIV Gag protein conjugated to a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist improves the magnitude and quality of Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses in nonhuman primates -- Wille-Reece et al. 102 (42): 15190 Data Supplement - Supporting Figure -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Wille-Reece et al. 10.1073/pnas.0507484102.

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Fig. 5. The toll-like receptor (TLR)7/8, TLR8 agonist, cytosine phosphate guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN), or the Gag-TLR7/8 conjugate selectively induce cytokine production from nonhuman primate (NHP) peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or human dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. NHP PBMCs (2 × 10⁵) or purified plasmacytoid (p)DCs or conventional (c)DCs (2 × 10⁵) were isolated from blood as described in ref. 10 and cultured with various TLR ligands or agonists for 24 h at 37°C. All agonists/ligands were used at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, except for CpG ODN, which was used at 10 mg/ml on NHP PBMCs. Culture supernatants were harvested and analyzed for IFN-a and IL-12p70 (human DCs), or IL-12p40/p70 (NHP PBMCs) by ELISA (BioSource International, Camarillo, CA). (A and B) NHP PBMCs (n = 4 animals). (C and D) human pDCs and cDCs (n = 3 donors). (E) human pDCs (n = 1 donor). (F) NHP PBMCs (n = 2 animals) were stimulated with the TLR7/8, TLR8 agonist, CpG ODN, the Gag-TLR7/8 conjugate, or Gag protein only (each at 1 mg/ml), and IL-12p40/p70 was determined from supernatants.