Table 1.

Patient Characteristics, Surgery, and Opioid Management.

	Nefopam	Ketamine	Control
Age (year)	52 ± 14	51 ± 13	49 ± 15
Height (cm)	170 ± 7	172 ± 9	171 ± 8
Weight (kg)	71 ± 13	75 ± 12	72 ± 11
Sex (M/F)	13/9	14/8	14/7
Surgical Procedures
Abdominal (n)	17	21	18
Urologic (n)	2	1	2
Hip or Knee Arthroplasty (n)	3	0	1
Intraoperative Sufentanil (μg.kg−1.h−1)	0.2 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.1
Surgical Duration (min)	173 ± 69	223± 86	188 ± 82
Sufentanil-to-morphine Interval (min)	77 ± 34	84 ± 31	71 ± 22

Results presented as means ± SDs. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups.