Supporting information for Stockley and Parker (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.192125999

 

Table 1. Carnivora sibling rivalry and life history data

Species

Common name

MGN

LS

OMG

FM

NM

OM

GL

GRU

PGR

Ursidae

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ursus americanus

American black bear

6

2.5

0.42

97

277.5

4500

56

4.9

77.0

Ursus maritimus

Polar bear

4

2

0.50

225

600

   

120.2

Ursus arctos

Brown bear

4

2

0.50

 

510

 

63

8.1

 

Ailuropoda melanoleuca

Giant panda

4

1.5

0.38

96.8

110

15000

  

78.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canidae

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Speothos venaticus

Bush dog

8

3.8

0.48

6.0

 

 

67

 

 

Canis lupus

Gray wolf

10

4.3

0.65

31.1

450

 

63

7.1

161.0

Canis latrans

Coyote

8

6

0.75

9.7

250

870

63

4.0

31.0

Cuon alpinus

Dhole

12-16

5

0.36

13.8

275

2350

61

4.5

69.3

Lycaon pictus

African hunting dog

12-14

10

0.77

26.5

300

 

76

3.9

 

Vulpes vulpes

Red fox

6

5

0.83

3.9

100

630

51.5

1.9

17.5

Vulpes chama

Cape fox

8

4

0.50

2.5*

 

 

51.5

 

 

Alopex lagopus

Arctic fox

12 -14

9

0.69

2.9

66

 

52

1.3

 

Chrysocyon brachyurus

Maned wolf

4

3

0.75

23

350

 

62.5

5.6

42.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Procyonidae

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ailurus fulgens

†

Lesser panda

4

2

0.50

4.9

200

660

129.5

1.5

6.0

Bassariscus astutus

Ringtail

4

3

0.75

0.9

28

180

52.5

0.5

6.9

Procyon lotor

Raccoon

8

3.5

0.44

6.7

71

1000

63

1.1

24.3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mustelidae

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mustela erminea

Stoat

10

9

0.90

0.3

2.25

19

35

0.06

2.5

Mustela frenata

Long-tailed weasel

8

6

0.75

0.14

3.1

 

23.5

0.1

 

Mustela sibrica

Siberian weasel

8

7

0.88

0.4

 

 

29

 

 

Mustela vison

American mink

6

5

0.83

0.9

 

110

29

 

 

Mustela nigripes

Black footed ferret

6

3.3

0.55

0.8

 

 

43.5

 

 

Vormela peregusna

Marbled polecat

10

6

0.60

 

 

 

63

 

 

Martes martes

European pine marten

4

4

1.00

1.3*

30

 

30

1.0

 

Martes americana

American pine marten

8

2.6

0.33

0.57

28

 

28

1.0

 

Ictonyx striatus

Zorilla

4

2

0.50

0.6

15

170

36

0.4

5.1

Poecilogale albinucha

African striped weasel

4

2

0.50

0.3

4

50

32

0.1

1.8

Gulo gulo

Wolverine

4

3

0.75

10.4

95

 

35

2.7

79.3

Mellivora capensis

Honey badger

4

2

0.50

7.6

 

 

 

 

 

Meles meles

Old world badger

6

3.5

0.58

10.9

75

 

42

1.8

24.7

Taxidea taxus

American badger

8

2

0.25

8.0*

 

 

42

 

 

Spilogale putorius

Spotted skunk

10

4

0.40

0.4

22.5

160

29.5

0.8

4.8

Mephitis mephitis

Striped skunk

12

4.5

0.38

2.0

30

220

64

0.5

7.9

Conepatus leoconotus

Hog-nosed skunk

6

2.5

0.42

3.4*

 

 

42

 

 

Lutra canadensis

River otter

4

2.5

0.63

7.8

130

 

56

2.3

26.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Viverridae

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Genetta genetta

Genet

4

2.5

0.63

2.0*

71.5

 

73.5

1.0

 

Paguma larvata

Masked palm civet

4

2

0.50

4.3*

 

 

 

 

 

Arctictis binturong

Binturong

4

2

0.50

13

319

2100

91

3.5

31.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Herpestidae

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Herpestes ichneumon

Egyptian mongoose

6

3

0.50

2.2*

84

 

103

0.8

 

Mungos mungos

Banded mongoose

6

2.5

0.42

1.2*

20

 

61

0.3

 

Rhynchogale melleri

Meller’s mongoose

4

2

0.50

2.3*

 

 

 

 

 

Ichneumia albicauda

White-tailed mongoose

4

1.5

0.38

3.5

 

 

 

 

 

Cynictis penicillata

Yellow mongoose

6

2

0.33

0.6

 

 

51

 

 

Suricata suricata

Slender-tailed meerkat

6

4

0.67

0.7

30.5

200

76

0.4

6.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hyaenidae

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Crocuta crocuta

Spotted hyaena

2

2

1.00

55.3

1500

 

110

13.6

96.0

Hyaena hyaena

Striped hyaena

4-6

2.4

0.48

33.3

700

 

90.5

7.7

63.5

FELIDAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Felis silvestris

Wild cat

8

4

0.50

4.3

40

520

66

0.6

12.0

Felis catus

Domestic cat

8

4

0.50

3.3

97.5

410

65

1.5

 

Lynx lynx

Lynx

4

2.5

0.63

17.8

204

1860

67.5

3.0

35.7

Lynx rufus

Bobcat

4

3.5

0.88

9.7*

325.5

 

55

5.9

 

Felis nigripes

Black-footed cat

6

2

0.33

2.0*

72

 

65.5

1.1

 

Leptailurus serval

Serval

4

2.4

0.59

 

245

 

74

3.3

 

Panthera leo

Lion

4

3.5

0.88

135.5

1300

8480

109.5

11.9

122.0

Panthera pardus

Leopard

4

2.5

0.63

39.3

550

1940

99

5.5

33.0

Acinonyx jubatus

Cheetah

12

3.8

0.32

60.0

225

1940

92.5

2.4

50.0

MGN, Mammary gland number; LS, average litter size; OMG, offspring number per mammary gland in a typical litter; FM, average female body mass (kg); NM, average neonate mass (g); OM, offspring mass (g) at first intake of solids (from ref. 1); GL, average gestation length (d), restricted to the period of "true gestation" for species with delayed implantation; GRU, growth rate in utero (g/d), the average daily increase in body mass from conception to birth, calculated by dividing mean neonate mass by gestation length; PGR, postnatal growth rate (g/d), the average daily increase in body weight (g) from birth to weaning (from ref. 1). All data were collated from published reviews and references therein (1–3; see Methods).

*Adult body mass (the mean body mass for adults of both sexes) was substituted for female body mass in some cases where sex differences were not specified.

†

Ailurus fulgens, a folivore, was excluded as an outlier from the relationship between neonate mass and postnatal growth.

1. Gittleman, J. L. & Oftedal, O. T. (1987) Symp. Zool. Soc. London 57, 41–77.

2. Ewer, R. F. (1972) The Carnivores (Cornell Univ. Press, New York).

3. Nowak, R. M. (1991) Walker’s Mammals of the World (The John Hopkins University Press, London), 5th Ed.