Takashima et al. 10.1073/pnas.0507774103. |
Table 1. Behavioral results
Result | Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 30 | Day 90 |
| Number of trials | |||
Remote hit | 49.5 (12.9) | 50.1 (15.2) | 36.7 (13.8) | 33.7 (15.5) |
(%) | 63.7 | 66.1 | 48.9 | 45.9 |
d’ remote | 1.4 (0.53) | 1.3 (0.47) | 0.7 (0.34) | 0.5 (0.33) |
Remote miss | 28.2 (12.5) | 25.7 (13.2) | 38.3 (13.6) | 39.7 (16.7) |
(%) | 36.3 | 33.9 | 51.1 | 54.1 |
Recent hit | 62.2 (10.3) | 65.6 (11.0) | 64.0 (9.9) | 64.9 (9.3) |
(%) | 79.2 | 85.2 | 84.9 | 85.7 |
d’ recent | 1.9 (0.63) | 2.0 (0.72) | 1.8 (1.49) | 1.8 (0.57) |
Recent miss | 16.4 (9.7) | 11.4 (9.2) | 11.4 (6.8) | 10.8 (8.1) |
(%) | 20.8 | 14.8 | 15.1 | 14.3 |
Correct rejection | 63.3 (10.2) | 58.0 (12.3) | 55.3 (9.4) | 51.0 (14.2) |
(%) | 81.6 | 76.8 | 74.4 | 70.3 |
False alarm | 14.3 (9.2) | 17.5 (12.2) | 19.0 (8.3) | 21.5 (12.4) |
(%) | 18.4 | 23.2 | 25.6 | 29.7 |
Uncertain | 6.1 (5.9) | 11.5 (12.7) | 13.8 (15.7) | 18.4 (20.3) |
| Reaction time | |||
Remote hit | 1.275 (0.206) | 1.248 (0.225) | 1.361 (0.249) | 1.415 (0.255) |
Remote miss | 1.565 (0.424) | 1.510 (0.391) | 1.570 (0.330) | 1.629 (0.366) |
Recent hit | 1.156 (0.189) | 1.072 (0.189) | 1.115 (0.160) | 1.105 (0.175) |
Recent miss | 1.520 (0.254) | 1.534 (0.465) | 1.583 (0.299) | 1.660 (0.487) |
Correct rejection | 1.576 (0.943) | 1.439 (0.351) | 1.488 (0.281) | 1.568 (0.336) |
False alarm | 1.539 (0.481) | 1.463 (0.440) | 1.423 (0.303) | 1.518 (0.334) |
The average and standard deviation (in parentheses) of the number of trials for each condition are shown. Percentage is calculated by the proportion of the trials excluding the trials that were responded "uncertain" (e.g. % remote hit = (trial remote hit) / (trial remote hit + remote miss) ´ 100). The average and standard deviation (in parentheses) of the response time for each condition is noted in seconds.
Table 2. Significant differences in blood oxygenation level-dependent responses for the contrast between trials for recent hits and misses on day 1
Brain region | BA | Cluster P value | Local maxima |
Ventral anterior cingulate | 10/24/32 | <0.001 | [–4 46 –10] |
[–6 50 –8] | |||
[0 44 –10] | |||
[8 50 –4] | |||
Left superior frontal | 8/9 | <0.001 | [–14 30 52] |
[–22 30 50] | |||
[–26 24 52] | |||
Left anterior superior frontal | 9/10 | 0.011 | [–8 62 26] |
[–8 48 44] | |||
[–10 58 30] | |||
Precuneus/posterior cingulate | 23/30/31 | < 0.001 | [–14 –44 2] |
[2 –44 20] | |||
[–12 –48 42] | |||
Left posterior parietal | 19/7/39/40 | < 0.001 | [–38 –74 38] |
[–42 –60 54] | |||
[–58 –38 38] | |||
[–54 –62 32] | |||
Right posterior parietal | 7/40 | <0.001 | [32 –44 68] |
[54 –30 38] | |||
Left middle-inferior temporal | 20/21/37 | <0.001 | [–50 –42 –14] |
[–58 –38 –10] | |||
[–56 –50 –4] | |||
Right middle-inferior temporal | 20/21/37 | <0.001 | [54 –38 –14] |
Right posterior insula/operculum | 14/16/43 | <0.001 | [42 –16 22] |
[50 –18 22] | |||
[56 –20 14] | |||
Right sensorimotor | 1–4/6 | <0.001 | [40 –18 66] |
[36 –24 56] | |||
[60 –16 42] | |||
Left cerebellum | <0.001 | [–12 –58 –14] |
In addition to the hippocampal activation reported in the main text, several brain regions were activated. All reported local maxima are significant P < 0.05 (corrected). BA, Brodmann's area.
Table 3. Polysomnographic results
Sleep stage | Awake | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | REM | SWS | Total sleep | Total recording |
Mean | 48.0 | 36.9 | 36.7 | 5.2 | 8.6 | 2.7 | 13.8 | 90.3 | 138.6 |
SD | 41.2 | 27.8 | 24.1 | 6.0 | 11.7 | 7.6 | 14.8 | 51.0 | 28.8 |
Minimum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 103.0 |
Maximum | 124.1 | 99.0 | 83.5 | 19.2 | 36.8 | 24.2 | 42.7 | 168.5 | 180.5 |
Mean, standard deviation (SD), and the range of different sleep stages in minutes. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) is the sum of sleep stages 3 and 4. REM, rapid-eye-movement sleep.