Table 3.
Frequency and odds ratios (95% confidence limits) of factors associated with HIV testing in black African men and women
| Men |
Women |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (base 159UW, 55WT) |
(base 196UW, 48WT) |
|||||
| % | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | % | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Age (years): | p = 0.472 | p = 188 | p = 0.491 | p = 0.675 | ||
| 16–24 | 22.8 (8.3 to 49.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 34.1 (16.4 to 57.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25–34 | 39.8 (22.5 to 60.1) | 2.24 (0.49 to 10.26) | 4.04 (0.90 to 18.08) | 41.1 (27.1 to 56.6) | 1.35 (0.43 to 4.26) | 1.05 (0.32 to 3.47) |
| 35–44 | 40.8 (25.1 to 58.7) | 2.34 (0.58 to 9.36) | 2.27 (0.57 to 9.08) | 48.8 (35.7 to 62.2) | 1.85 (0.61 to 5.55) | 1.52 (0.44 to 5.20) |
| Education: | p = 0.317 | p = 0.003 | p = 0.001 | |||
| Degree | 28.0 (15.1 to 46.0) | 1.00 | 39.2 (22.5 to 58.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Higher education (<degree) | 43.7 (27.5 to 61.3) | 1.99 (0.68 to 5.84) | 69.3 (53.3 to 81.7) | 3.50 (1.29 to 9.51) | 4.13 (1.43 to 11.88) | |
| GCSE/O level/other/none | 47.0 (26.8 to 68.2) | 2.28 (0.69 to 7.53) | 28.8 (17.5 to 43.4) | 0.63 (0.22 to 1.78) | 0.72 (0.27 to 1.93) | |
| Social class | p = 0.045 | p = 0.347 | ||||
| I or II | 27.7 (13.1 to 49.3) | 1.00 | 37.3 (22.2 to 55.5) | 1.00 | ||
| III (manual or non-manual) | 51.5 (34.0 to 68.6) | 2.77 (0.83 to 9.16) | 55.7 (40.2 to 70.2) | 2.11 (0.84 to 5.61) | ||
| IV or V | 56.9 (30.9 to 79.6) | 3.45 (0.83 to 14.27) | 40.7 (23.4 to 60.7) | 1.15 (0.36 to 3.71) | ||
| Unclassified | 18.3 (7.7 to 37.7) | 0.59 (0.15 to 2.31) | 35.6 (17.2 to 59.5) | 0.93 (0.28 to 3.04) | ||
| Index of multiple deprivation | p = 0.484 | p = 0.838 | ||||
| 1st–4th | 30.9 (14.8 to 53.7) | 1.00 | 42.8 (26.8 to 60.5) | 1.00 | ||
| 5th (most deprived) | 39.6 (28.3 to 52.2) | 1.46 (0.50 to 4.29) | 44.8 (34.8 to 55.2) | 1.08 (0.50 to 2.32) | ||
| Marital status | p = 0.117 | p = 0.259 | ||||
| Married | 43.9 (27.2 to 62.1) | 1.00 | 43.1 (28.9 to 58.6) | 1.00 | ||
| Cohabiting | 58.5 (24.7 to 85.9) | 1.81 (0.36 to 9.10) | 42.7 (18.2 to 71.5) | 0.98 (0.28 to 3.44) | ||
| Previously married | 23.0 (9.0 to 47.3) | 0.38 (0.10 to 1.44) | 57.1 (40.8 to 72.0) | 1.76 (0.75 to 4.12) | ||
| Single, never married | 22.7 (12.0 to 38.8) | 0.38 (0.17 to 1.12) | 35.1 (23.5 to 49.6) | 0.73 (0.31 to 1.68) | ||
| Religion | p = 0.623 | p = 0.141 | ||||
| Christian, non-RC | 31.6 (19.0 to 47.8) | 1.00 | 44.1 (32.1 to 56.8) | 1.00 | ||
| Roman Catholic | 48.9 (20.0 to 78.5) | 2.07 (0.46 to 9.37) | 61.7 (42.3 to 78.0) | 2.04 (0.80 to 5.24) | ||
| Other/none | 37.5 (21.9 to 56.3) | 1.30 (0.47 to 3.61) | 32.7 (15.7 to 56.6) | 0.62 (0.20 to 1.89) | ||
| Region of residence | p = 0.657 | p = 0.601 | ||||
| Elsewhere in Britain | 41.5 (16.9 to 71.3) | 1.00 | 34.1 (8.1 to 75.2) | 1.00 | ||
| Greater London | 34.5 (25.4 to 45.0) | 0.74 (0.20 to 2.80) | 45.5 (36.3 to 55.1) | 1.61 (0.26 to 9.84) | ||
| Time spent in UK | p = 0.096 | p = 0.008 | p = 0.801 | |||
| Born in UK | 17.5 (7.2 to 36.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 40.8 (25.3 to 58.5) | 1.00 | |
| >5 years | 40.8 (27.1 to 56.1) | 3.25 (0.99 to 10.70) | 5.1 (1.40 to 18.86) | 43.8 (31.2 to 57.2) | 1.12 (0.47 to 2.72) | |
| <5 years | 50.4 (23.9 to 76.7) | 4.78 (0.98 to 23.32) | 9.49 (2.30 to 39.14) | 50.5 (29.4 to 71.4) | 1.48 (0.45 to 4.82) | |
| Region of birth | p = 0.192 | p = 0.821 | ||||
| Europe | 20.9 (9.7 to 39.5) | 1.00 | 40.4 (25.0 to 57.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Central/East Africa | 38.7 (21.5 to 59.3) | 2.38 (0.70 to 8.16) | 35.2 (20.2 to 53.8) | 0.80 (0.29 to 2.18) | ||
| West Africa | 43.8 (27.1 to 62.1) | 2.94 (0.89 to 9.78) | 46.9 (30.5 to 64.0) | 1.30 (0.46 to 3.67) | ||
| Other | 47.3 (10.8 to 86.9) | 3.38 (0.39 to 29.45) | 43.7 (13.8 to 78.9) | 1.14 (0.23 to 5.65) | ||
| Antenatal care (past 5 years) | p = 0.559 | |||||
| No | NA | NA | 40.8 (29.3 to 53.4) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | NA | NA | 46.2 (32.3 to 60.7) | 1.25 (0.59 to 2.65) | ||
| User of tertiary NHS services* | p = 0.249 | p = 0.121 | ||||
| No | 48.6 (24.3 to 73.6) | 1.00 | 34.7 (21.2 to 51.2) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 31.8 (22.0 to 43.6) | 0.49 (0.15 to 1.66) | 49.5 (38.5 to 60.6) | 1.87 (0.85 to 4.02) | ||
| Ever attended GUM clinic | p = 0.021 | p = 0.001 | p = 0.032 | |||
| No | 29.7 (18.8 to 43.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 38.9 (28.7 to 50.1) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 58.0 (38.9 to 74.9) | 3.27 (1.20 to 8.90) | 5.53 (1.98 to 15.42) | 64.9 (43.3 to 81.8) | 2.91 (1.10 to 7.72) | |
| Previous STI diagnosis | p = 0.261 | p = 0.267 | ||||
| No | 33.9 (22.7 to 47.2) | 1.00 | 37.4 (25.7 to 50.7) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 48.4 (28.2 to 69.1) | 1.83 (0.63 to 5.29) | 53.5 (28.8 to 76.6) | 1.93(0.60 to 6.17) | ||
| Set† in past year without a condom | p = 0.906 | p = 0.701 | ||||
| No | 31.9 (14.3 to 56.8) | 1.00 | 44.7 (29.8 to 60.7) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 37.8 (25.2 to 52.3) | 1.30 (0.39 to 4.35) | 46.4 (35.2 to 62.3) | 1.07 (0.47 to 2.43) | ||
| Not answered correctly | 38.9 (11.3 to 76.0) | 1.36 (0.20 to 9.37) | 32.0 (10.5 to 65.4) | 0.58 (0.14 to 2.51) | ||
| Number of partners in past 5 years | p = 0.750 | p = 0.792 | ||||
| 0–1 | 32.4 (18.2 to 50.9) | 1.00 | 42.8 (30.7 to 55.8) | 1.00 | ||
| 2–5 | 41.0 (24.5 to 59.8) | 1.45 (0.50 to 4.19) | 48.7 (35.2 to 62.3) | 1.27 (0.60 to 2.70) | ||
| 6+ | 32.7 (17.5 to 52.6) | 1.01 (0.33 to 4.19) | 37.3 (7.5 to 81.3) | 0.80 (0.10 to 6.28) | ||
| New partner from abroad in past 5 years | p = 0.044 | p = 0.414 | ||||
| No | 27.3 (16.2 to 42.1) | 1.00 | 45.1 (34.6 to 56.4) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 52.0 (34.2 to 69.3) | 2.88 (1.03 to 8.05) | 33.1 (13.4 to 61.1) | 0.60 (0.18 to 2.05) | ||
| Age at first set (years) | p = 0.401 | p = 0.071 | ||||
| 16+ years | 33.4 (21.3 to 48.2) | 1.00 | 41.2 (31.2 to 52.0) | 1.00 | ||
| <16 | 35.5 (26.9 to 60.1) | 1.20 (0.41 to 2.97) | 65.6 (41.1 to 83.9) | 2.72 (0.92 to 8.10) | ||
| Ever paid for sex | p = 0.100 | |||||
| No | 33.2 (22.5 to 45.9) | 1.00 | NA | NA | ||
| Yes | 55.3 (32.3 to 76.2) | 2.49 (0.84 to 7.41) | NA | NA | ||
| Had concurrent partnerships in past 5 years | p = 0.517 | p = 0.178 | ||||
| No | 38.3 (24.3 to 54.4) | 1.00 | 43.6 (32.6 to 55.2) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 30.7 (16.9 to 49.0) | 0.71 (0.26 to 2.00) | 66.6 (36.4 to 86.4) | 2.47 (0.66 to 9.24) | ||
| Perception of HIV risk for self | p = 0.574 | p = 0.036 | p = 0.026 | |||
| Not at all | 36.6 (24.0 to 51.3) | 1.00 | 39.1 (27.5 to 52.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Not very much | 33.0 (18.3 to 51.8) | 0.85 (0.32 to 2.31) | 63.9 (44.9 to 79.3) | 2.75 (1.06 to 7.13) | 2.77 (1.00 to 7.81) | |
| Quite a lot or Great | 52.8 (21.0 to 82.4) | 1.94 (0.40 to 9.34) | 26.4 (11.1 to 50.7) | 0.56 (0.17 to 1.80) | 0.50 (0.17 to 1.44) | |
*
In past year other than antenatal services.
†
Anal or vaginal intercourse.