Peattie and Full 10.1073/pnas.0707591104 |
SI Table 3. Setal morphology data for 81 taxa with fibrillar adhesives
Species | Body mass, g | Spatula density, per mm2 | Spatula width, µm | Source |
Gekkonidae |
|
|
|
|
Aeluroscalabotes felinus | 23 | 570,000 | 0.1 | † |
Afroedura karroica | 1.7 | 2,700,000 | 0.2 | †, 23, 76 |
Aristelliger praesignis | 8.2 | 6,600,000 | 0.4 | †, 17 |
Asaccus elisae | 2.7 | 4,100,000 | 0.15 | |
Bavayia cyclura | 6.2 | 21,000,000‡ | -- | 48, 49 |
Bavayia sauvagii | 3.6 | 17,000,000 | 0.38 | 48, 49 |
Coleodactylus amazonicus | 0.4 | 100,000‡ | -- | 59, 60 |
Cosymbotus platyurus | 3.5 | 4,400,000 | 0.2 | †, 56 |
Cyrtodactylus fedtschenkoi | 7.9 | 220,000 | -- | 77, 82 |
Diplodactylus williamsi | 2.5 | 2,900,000 | 0.175 | †, 51 |
Geckonia chazaliae | 3.1 | 1,600,000 | 0.2 | † |
Gehyra mutilata | 1.7 | 6,100,000 | 0.2 | †, 23 |
Gehyra oceanica | 7.9 | 4,800,000 | 0.2 | †, 23 |
Gekko gecko | 79 | 3,600,000 | 0.2 | †, 77, 83, 87 |
Gekko subpalmatus | 4.3 | 7,200,000 | 0.2 | |
Gekko vittatus | 50 | 6,400,000‡ | -- | 73, 77, 87 |
Gonatodes albogularis | 0.8 | 1,00,000 | 0.05 | † |
Hemidactylus brookii | 3 | 3,000,000 | 0.25 | † |
Hemiphyllodactylus typus | 1.4 | 1,300,000 | 0.2 | † |
Homopholis fasciata | 11 | 2,300,000 | 0.2 | † |
Hoplodactylus maculatus | 18 | 17,000,000 | 0.35‡ | 48, 53 |
Hoplodactylus pacificus | 16 | 14,000,000‡ | -- | 61, 77 |
Hoplodactylus stephensi | 13 | 23,000,000‡ | -- | 48, 64 |
Lepidodactylus lugubris | 1.4 | 2,400,000 | 0.3 | †, 23 |
Lygodactylus picturatus | 0.5 | 3,100,000 | 0.25 | |
Naultinus elegans | 16 | 31,000,000‡ | -- | |
Naultinus rudis | 6.2 | 7,100,000‡ | -- | 48, 61 |
Oedura lesueurii | 9 | 1,500,000‡ | -- | 77, 88 |
Pachydactylus bibronii | 5.6 | 6,900,000 | 0.15 | †, 77, 89 |
Pachydactylus capensis | 2.4 | 12,000,000 | 0.15 | † |
Perochirus scutellatus | 51 | 2,400,000 | 0.2 | † |
Phelsuma madagascariensis | 14 | 2,100,000 | 0.2 | † |
Phyllodactylus microphyllus | 2.4 | 3,300,000 | 0.2 | † |
Phyllodactylus xantii | 4.3 | 2,500,000 | 0.2 | † |
Pristurus rupestris | 0.35 | 130,000 | 0.5 | † |
Pseudothecadactylus lindneri | 17 | 7,100,000‡ | -- | 48, 88 |
Ptychozoon lionotum | 12 | 5,300,000 | 0.2 | †, 68 |
Ptyodactylus hasselquistii | 9 | 4,100,000 | 0.18 | |
Rhacodactylus auriculatus | 30 | 8,600,000‡ | 0.35 | 48 |
Rhacodactylus leachianus | 300 | 3,900,000 | 0.35 | † |
Rhacodactylus sarasinorum | 40 | 6,700,000‡ | -- | 48, 49 |
Rhoptropus afer | 3 | 3,700,000 | 0.2 | † |
Sphaerodactylus cinereus | 0.5 | 1,000,000 | 0.34 | 72 |
Sphaerodactylus glaucus | 0.3 | 1,800,000 | 0.3 | † |
Sphaerodactylus pacificus | 1.2 | 1,200,000 | 0.3 | |
Tarentola caboverdianus | 3.3 | 2,600,000‡ | -- | 77, 78 |
Thecadactylus rapicauda | 20 | 2,800,000 | 0.25 | †, 85 |
Uroplatus henkeli | 100 | 3,300,000 | 0.2 | † |
Iguanidae |
|
|
|
|
Anolis carolinensis | 5.5 | 830,000 | 0.87 | †, 23, 76 |
Anolis cuvieri | 48 | 1,000,000 | 0.65 | 52, 87 |
Anolis equestris | 56 | 700,000 | 0.8 | †, 55, 76 |
Anolis lineatopus | 6.1 | 510,000 | 1 | †, 55, 76 |
Anolis sagrei | 4.4 | 1,700,000 | 0.75 | †, 23, 76 |
Scincidae |
|
|
|
|
Prasinohaema virens | 3.1 | 30,000 | 6 | 23, 87 |
Araneae |
|
|
|
|
Evarcha arcuata | 0.015 | 2,100,000 | 0.7 | 16 |
Heteropoda sp | 3 | 5,300,000‡ | 0.4 | 66 |
Lycosa punctulata | 0.25‡ | 3,000,000 | -- | 50, 57, 75 |
Phidippus audax | 0.34 | 2,000,000‡ | 0.75 | 47, 65 |
Philodromus aureolus | 0.005 | 1,800,000 | 0.75 | 57, 71 |
Portia fimbriata | 0.035‡ | 1,300,000‡ | 0.35 | 58 |
Salticus scenicus | 0.005 | 4,400,000‡ | 0.8 | 74, 79 |
Sericopelma rubronitens | 25 | 600,000 | 0.7 | 54, 74 |
Diptera |
|
|
|
|
Calliphora vicina | 0.1 | 130,000 | 1 | 70, 84 |
Calliphora vomitoria | 0.072 | 130,000 | 1.5 | 86 |
Drosophila melanogaster | 0.001 | 75,000 | 1.5 | †, 67, 69 |
Episyrphus balteatus | 0.023 | 89,000 | 2 | 62, 63 |
Eristalis tenax | 0.079 | 93,000 | 1.7 | 63 |
Myathropa florea | 0.091 | 80,000 | 1.8 | 63 |
Platycheirus angustatus | 0.0047 | 55,000 | 2.5 | 63 |
Sphaerophoria scripta | 0.012 | 130,000 | 1.5 | 63 |
Volucella pellucens | 0.16 | 49,000 | 4 | 63 |
Coleoptera |
|
|
|
|
Chrysomela populi | 0.1 | 9,000‡ | 7 | |
Donacia simplex | 0.01 | 8,000‡ | 7 | |
Lochmaea caprea | 0.009 | 16,000‡ | 5 | 46, 81 |
Oulema melanopa | 0.0033 | 16,000‡ | 5 | 46, 81 |
Phyllotreta undulata | 0.002 | 20,000‡ | 5 | 46, 81 |
Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata | 0.0025 | 13,000‡ | 7.5 | 46, 81 |
Rhagium mordax | 0.17 | 15,000‡ | 5 | 46, 80, 81 |
Sphaeroderma testaceum | 0.004 | 12,000‡ | 5 | 46, 81 |
Timarcha tenebriosa | 0.12 | 9,000‡ | 6 | 46, 81 |
Hemiptera |
|
|
|
|
Rhodnius prolixus | 0.15 | 200,000 | -- | 24 |
†, Data collected by the authors.
‡, Estimated from images or associated values in the literature; numbers refer to literature sources (references).
Fig. 4. Evolutionary relationships among 81 taxa with fibrillar adhesives.