Fig. 5. Relief contrast microscopy image of 5-day-old cell culture of Montipora digitata (Left) and Xenia elongata (Right). Dark cells (black arrows) contain chlorophyll. The white arrow indicates nematocyst. [Scale bars, 10 mm (Left) and 15 mm (Right).]

Fig. 6. 18S rDNA partial sequence of X. elongata (Upper) and M. digitata (Lower).

Fig. 7. Bright field (BF) and fluorescence microscopy of a 10-day-old dense cell culture of X. elongata. (a and b) BF (a) and chlorophyll (b) fluorescence of cells incubated with 0.1 mM glucose. (c and d) BF (c) and chlorophyll (d) autofluorescence of cells incubated with 2 mM glucose. (Scale bar, 100 mm.)

Fig. 8. Relief contrast and fluorescence microscope images of 10-day-old X. elongata and M. digitata cell cultures stained with WGA lectin. (a and c) Relief contrast image of X. elongata (a) and M. digitata (c) cell aggregates. Asterisks indicate multilayered cell aggregates. (b) Fluorescence image of X. elongata cells in a. (d) Fluorescence image of M. digitata in c positively stained with WGA lectin, revealing the presence of glucosamine/sialic acid residues in the ECM. Arrows in b indicate the positive staining of cell membranes. [Scale bars, 20 mm (a) and 50 mm (c)].

Fig. 9. SEM images of M. digitata cell aggregates and calcium carbonate particles. (a) Cell aggregates with collagen-like fibers between the cells. (b and c) Cell aggregates with calcium carbonate particles (asterisk) and fibrillar material. (d) Particles (asterisk) attached to plate surface and fibrillar material. col, collagen-like fibers. [Scale bars, 10 mm (a) and 1 mm (b-d)].