Jones et al. 10.1073/pnas.0711140105. |
Fig. 2. Percentage frequencies of the bones of Chendytes lawi and the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) through the Holocene from the Diablo Canyon site (CA-SLO-2). The figure was prepared by Brian F. Codding (Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA). NISP, number of identified specimens (nonintrusive and economically significant species only).
Table 2. Summary of all finds of Chendytes lawi from California archaeological sites depicted in Fig. 1 and calibrated, nonassociated radiocarbon dates
Site (CA-) | Laboratory no. | Chendytes , n | Depth, cm | Material | Taxon | Conventional 14C age, years B.P. | 2 Sigma range | Ref. |
ORA-64 | UCLA-1777A | * | 20-30 | Shell | - | 5990 ± 80 | 4390-4000 BC | 1 |
ORA-64 | UCR-513 |
| 60-80 | Shell | Chione sp. | 6135 ± 190 | 4790-3950 BC |
|
ORA-64 | UCLA-1777C |
| 70-80 | Shell | - | 5310 ± 80 | 3650-3320 BC |
|
|
| TOTAL= 9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SBA-97 | Beta-34199 |
| 41 | Shell | Tivela stultorum | 7100 ± 80 | 5600-5290 BC |
|
SBA-97 |
| 1 | 40-60 |
|
|
|
|
|
SBA-97 |
| 2 | 60-80 |
|
|
|
|
|
SBA-97 | Beta-39042 |
| 70 | Shell | Tresus nuttallii | 7480 ± 100 | 5980-5590 BC | 2 |
SBA-97 | Beta-34200 |
| 70 | Shell | Tresus nuttallii | 7920 ± 100 | 6420-5980 BC |
|
SBA-97 | Beta-18534 |
| 100-120 | Shell | Polinices lewisi | 6340 ± 100 | 4830-4350 BC |
|
|
| TOTAL= 3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SBA-210 | UCR-254 |
| 180-200 | Shell | Haliotis sp. | 2650 ± 150 | 470 BC -AD 250 | 3 |
SBA-210 | UCR-299 |
| 340-360 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 3940 ± 200 | 2210-1210 BC |
|
SBA-210 | UCR-255 |
| 340-360 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 9460 ± 370 | 9160-7000 BC |
|
SBA-210 |
| 3 | 500-520 |
|
|
|
|
|
SBA-210 | UCR-298 |
| 520-540 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 4730 ± 200 | 3320-2190 BC |
|
SBA-210 | UCR-256 |
| 520-540 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 5060 ± 230 | 3700-2560 BC |
|
|
| TOTAL= 3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SBA-552 | Beta-19937 | * | 140-160 | Shell | Mixed | 7550 ± 90 | 6010-5620 BC | 3 |
SBA-552 | UCR-260 |
| 149-160 | Charcoal | - | 3630 ± 200 | 2570-1520 BC |
|
SBA-552 | UCR-261 |
| 160-180 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 7320 ± 280 | 6170-5070 BC |
|
SBA-552 | Beta-19936 |
| 180-200 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 7110 ± 120 | 5650-5220 BC |
|
SBA-552 | UCR-262 |
| 260-280 | Charcoal | - | 7580 ± 300 | 7280-5810 BC |
|
SBA-552 | UCR-263 |
| 500-520 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8400 ± 350 | 7650-5980 BC |
|
|
| TOTAL= 18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SBA-2067 | Beta-20410 |
| 260 | Shell | Septifer bifurcatus | 4230 ± 100 | 2360-1760 BC | 4 |
SBA-2067 |
| 3 | 160-280 |
|
|
|
|
|
SBA-2067 | Beta-18608 |
| Below F. 1 | Charcoal | - | 4300 ± 80 | 3260-2680 BC |
|
|
| TOTAL= 3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SCR-7 | Beta-204032 | * | - | - | - | - | 1600-1370 BC |
|
SCR-7 | Beta-35204 |
| Basal mound levels | Bone | Sea lion | 5970 ± 120 | 4370-3880 BC | 5, 6 |
SCR-7 | WSU-3598 |
| Lower midden | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 4930 ± 110 | 3280-2590 BC |
|
SCR-7 | WSU-3569 |
| Lower midden | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 4980 ± 140 | 3360-2580 BC |
|
SCR-7 | I-7827 |
| Lower midden | Shell | - | 5800 ± 100 | 4210-3690 BC |
|
SCR-7 | WSU-3597 |
| Upper midden, lower area | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 4910 ± 80 | 3090-2650 BC |
|
SCR-7 | I-7828 |
| Upper midden | Shell | - | 4200 ± 110 | 2260-1630 BC |
|
|
| TOTAL= 46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SCR-60 |
| 5 | 60-80 |
|
|
|
|
|
SCR-60 |
| 2 | 80-100 |
|
|
|
|
|
SCR-60 |
| 1 | 100-120 |
|
|
|
|
|
SCR-60 |
| 1 | 120-140 |
|
|
|
|
|
SCR-60 |
| 2* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SCR-60 | LLNL-75996 |
| * | Bone | Homo sapiens | 4210 ± 60 | 2480-2140 BC | 7 |
SCR-60 | LLNL-75997 |
| * | Bone | Homo sapiens | 7060 ± 100 | 5640-5300 BC |
|
SCR-60 | LLNL-85654 |
| * | Bone | Zalophus californianus | 5475 ± 50 | 3700-3490 BC |
|
SCR-60 | LLNL-75995 |
| * | Bone | Homo sapiens | 4370 ± 50 | 2670-2420 BC |
|
SCR-60 | LLNL-75994 |
| * | Bone | Homo sapiens | 6570 ± 50 | 5080-4790 BC |
|
SCR-60 | LLNL-75998 |
| * | Bone | Homo sapiens | 6740 ± 60 | 5310-4990 BC |
|
SCR-60 | LLNL-75999 |
| * | Bone | Homo sapiens | 6470 ± 50 | 4960-4700 BC |
|
SCR-60 | LLNL-76000 |
| * | Bone | Homo sapiens | 6490 ± 50 | 4990-4720 BC |
|
SCR-60 | LLNL-98351 |
| * | Bone | Homo sapiens | 6535 ± 45 | 5040-4780 BC |
|
SCR-60 | LLNL-98352 |
| * | Bone | Homo sapiens | 6540 ± 70 | 5080-4720 BC |
|
SCR-60 | LLNL-85666 |
| * | Bone | Cervus elaphus | 5920 ± 40 | 2420-3950 BC |
|
SCR-60 | Beta-172030 |
| * | Shell | Protothaca staminea | 6600 ± 60 | 4980-4670 BC |
|
SCR-60 | Beta-172031 |
| * | Shell | Protothaca staminea | 6460 ± 50 | 4910-4630 BC |
|
SCR-60 | Beta-172032 |
| * | Shell | Protothaca staminea | 6630 ± 50 | 5000-4710 BC |
|
|
| TOTAL= 11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SDI-10965 | Beta-173366 |
| 0-10 | Shell | Chione sp. | 7830 ± 60 | 6240-5980 BC | 8 |
SDI-10965 | Beta-9127 |
| 10-20 | Shell | Chione sp. | 8800 ± 110 | 7790-6890 BC |
|
SDI-10965 | Beta-173367 |
| 20-30 | Shell | Chione sp. | 7290 ± 60 | 5710-5470 BC |
|
SDI-10965 | Beta-9128 |
| 30-40 | Shell | Chione sp. | 8470 ± 90 | 7010-6540 BC |
|
SDI-10965 | Beta-9129 |
| 30-40 | Shell | Chione sp. | 8690 ± 100 | 7410-6820 BC |
|
SDI-10965 |
| 1 | 50-60 |
|
|
|
|
|
SDI-10965 | Beta-9130 |
| 60-70 | Shell | Chione sp. | 7450 ± 80 | 5900-5600 BC |
|
|
| TOTAL= 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CA-SLO-2 | SR-6833 |
| - | - | - | - | 6680-6450 BC | 9, 10 |
CA-SLO-2 | UCLA-1686B |
| 120 | Bone | - | 930 ± 50 | AD 1000-1220 |
|
CA-SLO-2 | GAK-2041 |
| 160 | Shell | Haliotis sp. | 5510 ± 110 | 3900-3360 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | GAK-2040 |
| 200 | Shell | Haliotis sp. | 8820 ± 190 | 7800-6640 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | GAK-2044 |
| 290 | Shell | Haliotis sp. | 9370 ± 190 | 8340-7100 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-216557 |
| 0-10 | Shell | Tegula sp. | 1690 ± 40 | AD 970-1050 |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-197948 | 1 | 20-30 | Shell | Saxidomus nuttalli | 1020 ± 40 | AD 1510-1650 |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-206358 |
| 30-40 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 2170 ± 40 | AD 460-600 |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-192958 |
| 30-40 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1740 ± 100 | AD 830-1050 |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-197946 |
| 40-50 | Shell | Tegula sp. | 940 ± 100 | AD 1530-1720 |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-204126 |
| 60-70 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 2130 ± 70 | AD 470-660 |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-206359 | 2 | 70-80 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 2140 ± 40 | AD 500-630 |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-192956 | 1 | 80-90 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 6740 ± 90 | 5090-4850 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-204128 |
| 90-100 | Shell | Cryptochiton stelleri | 2100 ± 40 | AD 550-660 |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-204129 |
| 110-120 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 2360 ± 40 | AD 250-390 |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-197951 |
| 110-120 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1660 ± 90 | AD 950-1150 |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-206363 | 1 | 120-130 | Bone | Chendytes lawi | 7510 ± 40 | 5830-5630 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | GAK-2043 |
| 120-130 | Shell | Haliotis sp. | 7930 ± 170 | 6460-5790 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-192959 |
| 130-140 | Shell | Balanus sp. | 1870 ± 80 | AD 710-910 |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-216559 |
| 140-150 | Shell | Balanus sp. | 3270 ± 40 | 830-770 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 |
| 1 | 150-160 |
|
|
|
|
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-204130 |
| 160-170 | Shell | Cryptochiton stelleri | 5130 ± 40 | 3310-3080 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | GAK-2042 |
| 160-170 | Shell | Haliotis sp. | 7780 ± 150 | 6330-5700 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-192960 | 1 | 170-180 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 2880 ± 90 | 400-190 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-170138 | 1 | 180-190 | Shell | Hinnites sp. | 6560 ± 80 | 4850-4680 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-170137 | 4 | 200-210 | Shell | Haliotis sp. | 6090 ± 80 | 4340-4210 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-192957 |
| 200-210 | Shell | Balanus sp. | 5220 ± 120 | 3490-3100 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 |
| 7 | 210-220 |
|
|
|
|
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-170139 | 4 | 220-230 | Shell | Tivela stultorum | 5600 ± 80 | 3800-3630 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-206360 | 8 | 230-240 | Shell | Balanus sp. | 5150 ± 40 | 3320-3100 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-216558 | 5 | 240-250 | Shell | Tegula sp. | 5550 ± 40 | 3710-3630 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-216556 | 8 | 250-260 | Bone | Odocoileus hemionus | 3260 ± 40 | 1600-1460 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-197949 |
| 250-260 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 5700 ± 40 | 3920-3760 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-216555 | 9 | 260-270 | Bone | Odocoileus hemionus | 7110 ± 40 | 6010-5920 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 |
| 5 | 270-280 |
|
|
|
|
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-197950 | 7 | 280-290 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8340 ± 40 | 6630-6470 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | GAK-02044 |
| 290 | Shell | Haliotis rufescens | 9780 ± 260 | 9180-7540 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | SR-6833 | 1 | 290-300 | Bone | Chendytes lawi | 8355 ± 25 | B.C. 6680-6450 |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-204132 |
| 290-300 | Shell | Balanus sp. | 5120 ± 40 | 3300-3080 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-197947 |
| 290-300 | Shell | Balanus sp. | 5040 ± 40 | 3100-2930 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-192961 |
| 330-340 | Shell | Collisella sp. | 8620 ± 50 | 6970-6850 BC |
|
CA-SLO-2 | Beta-192962 |
| 330-340 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8300 ± 50 | 6590-6440 BC |
|
|
| TOTAL= 66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CA-SLO-585 | GAK-2041 |
| 160 | Shell | Haliotis rufescens | 5510 ± 110 | 3900-3360 BC |
|
CA-SLO-585 | GAK-2040 |
| 200 | Shell | Haliotis rufescens | 8820 ± 190 | 7800-6640 BC |
|
CA-SLO-585 | Beta-197954 |
| 30-40 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1000 ± 40 | AD 1490-1690 |
|
CA-SLO-585 | Beta-206361 |
| 40-50 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1100 ± 40 | AD 1430-1630 |
|
CA-SLO-585 | Beta-206362 |
| 60-70 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 3430 ± 40 | 1120-830 BC |
|
SLO-585 | Beta-204127 |
| 80-90 | Shell | Haliotis cracherodii | 5260 ± 40 | 3500-3260 BC |
|
SLO-585 | Beta-197952 |
| 110-120 | Shell | Saxidomus nuttallii | 7630 ± 40 | 5970-5720 BC |
|
SLO-585 | GAK-2043 |
| 120-130 | Shell | Haliotis rufescens | 7930 ± 170 | 6460-5790 BC |
|
SLO-585 |
| 1 | 150-160 |
|
|
|
|
|
SLO-585 | GAK-2042 | 1 | 160-170 | Shell | Haliotis rufescens | 7780 ± 150 | 6330-5700 BC |
|
SLO-585 |
| 2 | 180-190 |
|
|
|
|
|
SLO-585 | Beta -197953 |
| 210-220 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8470 ± 40 | 6940-6560 BC |
|
|
| TOTAL= 4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CA-SMI-1 |
| 8 | 15-30 |
|
|
|
| 11 |
CA-SMI-1 |
| 13 | 30-46 |
|
|
|
|
|
CA-SMI-1 | Beta-31969 |
| 38 | Shell | Haliotis rufescens | 3650 ± 80 | 1550-1120 BC |
|
CA-SMI-1 |
| 19 | 46-61 |
|
|
|
|
|
CA-SMI-1 | Beta-31970 |
| 56 | Shell | Haliotis rufescens | 6680 ± 70 | 5210-4780 BC |
|
CA-SMI-1 |
| 3 | 61-76 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| TOTAL= 43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SMI-261 |
| 1 | 0-30 |
|
|
|
|
|
SMI-261 | Beta-56911 |
| 15-30 | Shell | Chiton | 1810 ± 80 | AD 660-1010 | 12 |
SMI-261 |
| 8 | 30-61 |
|
|
|
|
|
SMI-261 | Beta-15620 |
| 44-99 | Shell | Haliotis cracherodii | 6790 ± 110 | 5360-4830 BC |
|
SMI-261 |
| 10 | 61-91 |
|
|
|
|
|
SMI-261 |
| 23 | 91-122 |
|
|
|
|
|
SMI-261 |
| 7 | 122-152 |
|
|
|
|
|
SMI-261 |
| 2 | 152-183 |
|
|
|
|
|
SMI-261 | Beta-77070 |
| Cave A: 150-160 | Charcoal, wood | - | 15780 ± 120 | 17560-16280 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS- |
| Cave A: 26-30 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 9520 ± 90 | 8350-7610 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS- |
| Cave A: 26-30 | Wood | - | 9180 ± 60 | 8550-8270 BC |
|
SMI-261 | Beta-49947 |
| E-6: Str. A1 | Shell | Haliotis cracherodii | 3920 ± 80 | 1880-1440 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-14379 |
| E-6: Str. A1 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8790 ± 60 | 7640-6930 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-14380 |
| E-6: Str. A1 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8810 ± 60 | 7780-6950 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-14360 |
| E-6: Str. A1 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8850 ± 80 | 7990-6950 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-14361 |
| E-6: Str. A1 | Shell | Haliotis cracherodii | 8910 ± 80 | 7800-6990 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-8864 |
| E-6: Str. A1 | Wood | - | 3220 ± 70 | 1680-1320 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-8866 |
| E-6: Str. A1 | Wood | - | 7810 ± 60 | 6980-6480 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-14358 |
| E-6: Str. A3 | Shell | Haliotis cracherodii | 4230 ± 80 | 2300-1830 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-9095 |
| E-6: Str. A3 | Wood | - | 3110 ± 60 | 1520-1140 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-14359 |
| E-6: Str. A4 | Shell | Haliotis cracherodii | 4350 ± 70 | 2450-2010 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-8865 |
| E-6: Str. A4 | Wood | - | 8040 ± 60 | 7280-6700 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-8862 |
| E-6: Str. C | Wood | - | 6000 ± 70 | 5190-4720 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-8867 |
| E-6: Str. F1 | Wood | - | 8600 ± 60 | 7750-7540 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-8863 |
| E-6: Str. F3 | Wood | - | 8810 ± 80 | 8240-7600 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-9096 |
| E-6: Str. I | Charcoal | Paleontological wood | 11180 ± 130 | 11820-10740 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS- |
| E-6: Str. J | Wood | Paleontological | 11700 ± 70 | 13160-11490 BC |
|
SMI-261 | Beta-15619 |
| E-6:Str. A1: 25-40 | Shell | Haliotis rufescens | 3840 ± 90 | 1780-1360 BC |
|
SMI-261 | Beta-52359 |
| E-6:Str. C | Shell | Haliotis cracherodii | 6910 ± 80 | 5450-5050 BC |
|
SMI-261 | Beta-15621 |
| E-6:Str. E2: 55-65 | Shell | Haliotis cracherodii | 8870 ± 100 | 7800-6950 BC |
|
SMI-261 | Beta-15622 |
| E-6:Str. E3: 75-78 | Shell | Haliotis cracherodii | 9140 ± 120 | 7970-7070 BC |
|
SMI-261 | Beta-49948 |
| E-6:Str. F3 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 9770 ± 90 | 9150-7880 BC |
|
SMI-261 | Beta-15623 |
| E-6:Str. F4: 80-87 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 9310 ± 120 | 8320-7160 BC |
|
SMI-261 | Beta-14660 |
| E-6:Str. G | Shell | Haliotis rufescens | 10670 ± 90 | 10320-8900 BC |
|
SMI-261 | Beta-52360 |
| E-6:Str. G | Shell | Tegula funebralis | 11010 ± 70 | 10860-9540 BC |
|
SMI-261 | CAMS-9094 |
| E-6:Str. G | Wood | - | 10390 ± 130 | 10930-9740 BC |
|
SMI-261 | Beta-19871 |
| I-5:Str. J: 108-111 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 9110 ± 200 | 8300-6990 BC |
|
|
| TOTAL= 51** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SON-348/H | Beta-204802 |
| - | - | - | - | 5610-5440 BC | 13, 14 |
SON-348/H | Beta-34837 |
| 62 | Shell | Saxidomus sp. | 3210 ± 100 | 950-400 BC |
|
SON-348/H | Beta-35228 |
| 160 | Charcoal | - | 6260 ± 120 | 5480-4855 BC |
|
SON-348/H | Beta-35229 |
| 222 | Charcoal | - | 8620 ± 420 | 8740-6590 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-90385 |
| 36-40 | Charcoal | - | 635 ± 35 | AD 1290-1400 |
|
SON-348/H | Beta-140863 |
| 36-40 | Charcoal | - | 600 ± 50 | AD 1290-1430 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-90384 |
| 36-40 | Charcoal | - | 460± 30 | AD 1410-1480 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-90383 |
| 36-40 | Charcoal | - | 390 ± 30 | AD 1440-1630 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-90247 |
| 36-40 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1140 ± 30 | AD 1420-1530 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-90248 |
| 36-40 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1130 ± 30 | AD 1420-1540 |
|
SON-348/H | Beta-140864 |
| 36-40 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1000 ± 60 | AD 1470-1700 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-90249 |
| 36-40 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 990 ± 40 | AD 1490-1690 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-91650 |
| 56-60 | Charcoal | - | 630 ± 30 | AD 1290-1400 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-91649 |
| 56-60 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1275 ± 30 | AD 1310-1450 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-86867 |
| 60-70 | Charcoal | - | 2820 ± 25 | 1040-900 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-80453 |
| 60-70 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 3890 ± 35 | 1670-1420 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-82836 |
| 60-70 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 3740 ± 35 | 1490-1260 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-80452 |
| 60-70 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 3635 ± 35 | 1380-1110 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-91651 |
| 66-70 | Charcoal | - | 465 ± 30 | AD 1410-1470 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-90250 |
| 66-70 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1280 ± 30 | AD 1300-1440 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-90251 |
| 86-90 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1165 ± 30 | AD 1410-1510 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-91652 |
| 86-90 | Wood | - | 525 ± 30 | AD 1330-1440 |
|
SON-348/H | Beta-35226 |
| 90-92 | Charcoal | - | 3400 ± 120 | 2020-1430 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-82837 |
| 90-100 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 3660 ± 35 | 1400-1140 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-80455 |
| 90-100 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 3620 ± 30 | 1370-1100 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-80454 |
| 90-100 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 3585 ± 35 | 1320-1030 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-86868 |
| 90-100 | Wood | - | 3140 ± 35 | 1500-1320 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-86869 |
| 90-100 | Wood | - | 2940 ± 35 | 1290-1010 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-91654 |
| 96-100 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 790 ± 30 | AD 1690-1950 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-91653 |
| 96-100 | Wood | - | 1025 ± 30 | AD 980-1030 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-86871 |
| 110-120 | Charcoal | - | 4490 ± 40 | 3360-3020 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-86872 |
| 110-120 | Charcoal | - | 4095 ± 30 | 2860-2500 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-83039 |
| 110-120 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 5215 ± 35 | 3390-3120 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-83038 |
| 110-120 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 4560 ± 35 | 2560-2290 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-83037 |
| 110-120 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 4490 ± 25 | 2460-2200 BC |
|
SON-348/H | Beta-37472 |
| 110-120 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 4640 ± 90 | 2840-2280 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-86870 |
| 110-120 | Wood | - | 4130 ± 60 | 2880-2490 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-90386 |
| 116-120 | Charcoal | - | 1085 ± 30 | AD 890-1020 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-90252 |
| 116-120 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1435 ± 30 | AD 1180-1320 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-90387 |
| 121-125 | Charcoal | - | 1210 ± 30 | AD 690-890 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-90253 |
| 121-125 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1460 30 | AD 1160-1310 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-90388 |
| 126-130 | Charcoal | - | 960 ± 30 | AD 1010-1160 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-90254 |
| 126-130 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1500 ± 35 | AD 1070-1290 |
|
SON-348/H | Beta-140866 |
| 126-130 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1260 ± 60 | AD 1290-1480 |
|
SON-348/H | Beta-140865 |
| 126-130 | Wood | - | 830 ± 50 | AD 1040-1280 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-96627 |
| 140-150 | Charcoal | - | 4415 ± 30 | 3260-2920 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-96615 |
| 140-150 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 5245 ± 30 | 3480-3260 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-96628 |
| 150-160 | Charcoal | - | 4485 ± 30 | 3350-3030 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-96616 |
| 150-160 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 5115 ± 25 | 3320-3010 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-86875 |
| 160-170 | Charcoal | - | 4370 ± 35 | 3090-2900 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-82839 |
| 160-170 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 5340 ± 35 | 3590-3340 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-82840 |
| 160-170 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 5320 ± 35 | 3540-3330 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-82838 |
| 160-170 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 5290 ± 35 | 3510-3310 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-86873 |
| 160-170 | Wood | - | 4565 ± 35 | 3490-3100 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-86874 |
| 160-170 | Wood | - | 4130 ± 35 | 2880-2580 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-91667 |
| 166-170 | Charcoal | - | 1805 ± 30 | AD 130-320 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-91666 |
| 166-170 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 1385 ± 30 | AD 1230-1380 |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-96629 | 2 | 170-180 | Charcoal | - | 7550 ± 35 | 6460-6270 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-96617 |
| 170-180 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 5130 ± 30 | 3330-3020 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-96630 |
| 190-200 | Charcoal | - | 7690 ± 35 | 6640-6440 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-96618 |
| 190-200 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8565 ± 30 | 6990-6680 BC |
|
SON-348/H | Beta-37473 |
| 200-205 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 7850 ± 110 | 6330-5830 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-82841 |
| 200-210 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8570 ± 40 | 7000-6670 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-82842 |
| 200-210 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8550 ± 35 | 6980-6650 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-86876 |
| 200-210 | Wood | - | 7775 ± 35 | 6680-6480 BC |
|
SON-348/H |
| 1 | 210-220 |
|
|
|
|
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-86877 |
| 230-240 | Charcoal | - | 7890 ± 35 | 7030-6640 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-86878 |
| 230-240 | Charcoal | - | 7835 ± 35 | 6750-6540 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-89879 |
| 230-240 | Charcoal | - | 7575 ± 35 | 6460-6390 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-80457 |
| 230-240 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8520 ± 35 | 6970-6630 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-80458 |
| 230-240 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8495 ± 35 | 6950-6590 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-80456 |
| 230-240 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8285 ± 45 | 6640-6390 BC |
|
SON-348/H | Beta-34844 |
| 238-240 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8210 ± 110 | 6660-6200 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-80459 |
| 240-250 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8430 ± 35 | 6910-6520 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-80460 |
| 240-250 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8300 ± 30 | 6630-6410 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-86880 |
| 240-250 | Wood | - | 7875 ±45 | 7030-6590 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-82844 |
| 250-260 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8715 ± 5 | 7330-6860 BC |
|
SON-348/H | CAMS-82843 |
| 250-260 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8470 ± 35 | 6940-6570 BC |
|
|
| TOTAL= 3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CA-VEN-1 | Beta-206734 |
| - | - | - | - | 770-400 BC | 15 |
CA-VEN-1 | UCLA-922B |
| - | Shell | Haliotis cracherodii | 7370 ± 100 | 5860-5480 BC |
|
CA-VEN-1 | Beta-30033 |
| 0-10 | Shell | - | 970 ± 70 | AD 1440-1690 |
|
CA-VEN-1 |
| 1 | 20-30 |
|
|
|
|
|
CA-VEN-1 | UCLA-922A |
| 15-30 | Shell | Tivela stultorum | 3020 ± 80 | 790-360 BC |
|
CA-VEN-1 | Beta-167263 |
| 40-50 | Charcoal | - | 210±40 | AD 1660-1790 |
|
CA-VEN-1 |
|
| 50-60 | Shell | Haliotis sp. | 6780±80 | 5300-4900 BC |
|
CA-VEN-1 | Beta-30034 |
| 50-60 | Shell | - | 920 ± 80 | AD 1450-1810 |
|
CA-VEN-1 |
| 1 | 70-80 |
| - |
|
|
|
CA-VEN-1 |
|
| 90-100 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 6800±70 | 5310-4940 BC |
|
CA-VEN-1 |
|
| 100-110 | Shell | Haliotis sp. | 7650±80 | 6090-5740 BC |
|
CA-VEN-1 | Beta-167264 |
| 100-110 | Charcoal | Quercus sp. | 6780±110 | 5840-5480 BC |
|
CA-VEN-1 |
| 1 | 110-120 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 6890±90 | 5440-5000 BC |
|
CA-VEN-1 | Beta-167265 | 1 | 130-140 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8010±110 | 6500-7980 BC |
|
CA-VEN-1 | Beta-167266 |
| 140-150 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 8400±40 | 6940-6560 BC |
|
CA-VEN-1 | Beta-167267 |
| 150-160 | Shell | Mytilus californianus | 6590±40 | 5010-4760 BC |
|
|
| TOTAL= 4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes: Calibrated via CALIB 4.4 with calendar age ranges at two sigma. Sites north of Point Conception corrected with a ∆R of 290 ± 35, and sites south of Point Conception corrected with a ∆R of 225 ± 35 (16). An additional four specimens reported from Malaga Cove site from the basal cultural level (1). No radiocarbon dates available; stratum is generally attributed to pre-8,500 years (17).
*No depth data available.
**Additional four specimens reported from SMI-261A.
1. Koerper HC (1981) Prehistoric subsistence and settlement in the Newport Bay area and environs, Orange County, California. PhD thesis (Univ of California, Riverside).
2. Erlandson JM, et al. (1992) Archaeological investigations at CA-SBA-97: A multicomponent coastal site at Gaviota, California. Arch Calif Prehist 37:49-80.
3. Glassow MA, et al. (1981) Archaeological data recovery program in relation to space shuttle development, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California (Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA).
4. Erlandson JM, et al. (2004). CA-SBA-2067: A buried middle Holocene Site on the western Santa Barbara coast. Proc Soc Calif Arch 14:47-54.
5. Breschini GS, Haversat T, Erlandson JM (1996) California Radiocarbon Dates (Coyote Press, Salinas, CA).
6. Morejohn VG (1976) in Collected Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring the 90th Birthday of Alexander Wetmore, ed Olson SL (US Govt Printing Office, Washington, DC), pp 207-211.
7. Newsome S, et al. (2004) Dietary reconstruction of an early to middle Holocene human population from the central California coast: Insights from advanced stable isotope mixing models. J Archaeol Sci 31:1101-1115.
8. Gallegos DR (1991) in Hunter-Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal California, eds Erlandson JM, Colten RH (UCLA Institute of Archaeology, Los Angeles), pp 19-41.
9. Farquhar JM (2003) Organization of flaked stone technology and settlement mobility on the south central coast of California: A perspective from Diablo Canyon and Point Sal. PhD thesis (California State Univ, Sacramento).
10. Greenwood RS (1972) 9000 Years of Prehistory at Diablo Canyon, San Luis Obispo County, California (San Luis Obispo County Archaeol Soc, San Luis Obispo, CA).
11. Guthrie DA (2000) in Fifth California Islands Symposium, eds Browne DR, Mitchell KL, Chaney HW (Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA), pp 35-42.
12. Erlandson JM, et al. (1996) An archaeological and paleontological chronology for Daisy Cave (CA-SMI-261), San Miguel Island, California. Radiocarbon 38:355-373.
13. Kennedy MA, Russell AD, Guilderson T (2005) A radiocarbon chronology of hunter-gatherer occupation from Bodega Bay, California, U.S.A. Radiocarbon 47:1-29.
14. Schwaderer R (1992) in Essays on the Prehistory of Maritime California, ed Jones TL (Center for Archaeological Research at Davis, Univ of California, Davis), pp 55-71.
15. Dallas H, Jr. (2004) Re-evaluating the early millingstone complex in California: VEN-1, A case study. Proc Soc Calif Arch 17:151-161.
16. Ingram BL, Southon JR (1996) Reservoir ages in Pacific coast estuarine waters. Radiocarbon 38:573-582.
17. Moratto MJ (1984) California Archaeology (Academic Press, New York).