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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nanomedicine. 2008 May 23;4(3):226–236. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.04.001

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Effect of particle:cell interactions on cell membrane integrity. Various cancer cells were cultured with TiO2 particles (1mg/ml) for three hours. The cell membranes were then stained with FM1-43 membrane stain (red) as well as nuclear DAPI staining (blue). (A) Untreated LLC cell showed continuous cell membrane stain. (B) Rough membrane was found on particle exposed LLC cell. (C) Smooth cell membrane on control B16F1 cells. (D) Particle exposed B16F1 cells have prominent disrupted membranes. (E) Complete membranes were found on untreated B16F10 cells, while (F) particle treated B16F10 cells covered with fragmentized membranes.